diff --git "a/NLI_task_dataset/dataset.json" "b/NLI_task_dataset/dataset.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/NLI_task_dataset/dataset.json" @@ -0,0 +1,2551 @@ +{"dialogue":["You got it, my friend. They did that, and they're apt to do more. And right now I guess the point we ought to talk about to you and your listeners, understanding that I'm not there, and I'm not a player, a participant, but yet I'm a player, one of the outside groups that finds his way in through cracks and corners and talks to the people over there.","I think they are trying to get something, led by the secretary of the Treasury, who's Geithner. . .","Tim Geithner.","Yeah, he's terrific, I think. Republicans have a wonderful man in Boehner, that Boehner's a straight shooter. Geithner is a very smart guy, and he acts fair to the Republicans. So I would think that he would be able to negotiate as well as anybody. And Tim Geithner, he's - I've talked with him many times before this thing started and occasionally since they've been in closed quarters."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite not being a participant, I have influence."} +{"dialogue":["Vladimir Putin says the U. S. airstrikes on Syria were an act of aggression. And yet, despite defiant words and claims that U. S. missiles were intercepted and did little damage, Russia has not retaliated. To help us understand why, we're joined by Angela Stent of Georgetown University. She's also a State Department veteran from the Clinton and Bush administrations. Good morning.","Good morning. Good to be here.","So can you remind us why Russia has interests in Syria at all?And briefly - I know it's a complicated story.","(Laughter) Well, the short version of this. So the Soviet Union and Syria were allies during the Cold War, at the end of the Cold War. So, you know, Russia lost many of its positions in the Middle East, but that relationship with Syria has always been important. Then Putin was horrified by what happened in the Arab Spring, particularly what happened in Libya, and he was determined to shore up, you know, his ally, his partner in Syria. And he went into Syria in September 2015 in a big way - bombing - really to show the United States and the rest of the world that we were trying to isolate Russia after what happened in Ukraine, but Russia was definitely back. Russia also has its own - only warm-water port in Syria and a significant airbase. And it's really used this intervention now in Syria to increase its influence in the Middle East as the U. S. has withdrawn."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : well refers to good and not a hole dug in the ground "} +{"dialogue":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction."} +{"dialogue":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects everyone regardless of background or social status."} +{"dialogue":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The guest will provide insight into how local governments are dealing with the issue of car sales."} +{"dialogue":["I know but that's exactly the dilemma I think a lot of comics are facing right now. It's, like, when things are even-keeled, then you can be edgy. But we're closer to that stuff. So it makes people a little bit more sensitive, a little bit more heightened.","So what happened in places when you were, like, in these places that you said you had a rough time?","Well, it's because, like, if you're not on the side of the liberal warriors, then people are going to be like, oh, well, this means you hate women. This means that, you know, he hates blacks. He hates Mexicans. He hates Jews. He hates gays. You know, and then you have, like - I'm at a club. And I'll say, hey, where are the Trump supporters?And if I say anything bad about Trump, then they're just, like, you know, cursing at me. And people are walking out. And I got - you won (laughter). Your guy's in office. Why are you storming out?I feel like if I handed out a paper before every show, and I said, tell me what you want me to talk about, it would be nothing on there. But it's just I've got to say, sometimes, it's not fun anymore.","That was comedian Erik Griffin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Comics can no longer be as edgy due to heightened sensitivity of people"} +{"dialogue":["Well, the children have Medicaid, just due to our lower income. We are available to some of the state aid, which is very welcome. Fortunately, we haven't had to use it too much. We do have a couple of kids with some special needs that are addressed, but the other three haven't had much need for it.","Even in difficult times you need a little break. You need to get away and do something to remind yourself that life is fun sometimes, too. What you do if you have any extra money and you can go somewhere?","We did get away for a family vacation this summer, went down to North Carolina. We do the bargain movie theaters. We do - the kids are very busy at school and we try to keep them going on all these field trips and what not.","Ohio, where you are, this was a famous battleground state in the election, and you know, we've had all these undecided voters. And we are asking people these questions that feel intrusive, even to us as we ask them, but can you tell me how you voted?","Well, I was undecided, I guess, or uncommitted up until Monday evening, and to be honest with you, I couldn't bring myself to vote for either one of the two major parties. I just felt that neither one of them represented the change that we actually needed in this country. So - and I will just leave it at that.","All right. Jon Diebold in Cincinnati, Ohio. What's your restaurant?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Having Medicaid is helpful, but we still struggle financially."} +{"dialogue":["Sounds like a fun gathering.","Lots of pollsters in a room - I'm sure there's jokes. What makes this new effort such a big deal?","Look, this is the first time since 1992, when all the media organizations bought into one National Election Pool, that there's going to be competition. And it's a totally different approach to measuring the electorate. They're launching it, by the way, they announced, in all 47 states where there are elections this fall for statewide elections in these midterms. And it's a massive undertaking that really is - you know, just talking to people here - starting a crackup of American election polling.","That's fascinating. What is different, though, about what Fox News and the AP are doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The NEP is not a pool but an organization that gathers information from groups of people. The approach was not launched but newly began for the fall season."} +{"dialogue":["We're not paid a huge salary by a league at all. Instead, our income comes almost exclusively from sponsorship deals with inked apparel companies, like Nike and ASICS, that keeps them bound for three to five years. And we don't get rich.","No, point taken. Well, when you decided to have a baby, like, what happened?I mean, did you tell your contact at Nike?Did your agent speak to them?Like, what happened?","Back in 2012, I just finished the Olympic year. And I finished fifth at the Olympics. I noted hey, you know, you guys, it's - I'm looking at my contract here, and there aren't any protections in place. And they would not provide me with what would happen to me. That led us to kind of seeking out other options. ASICS came into play and kind of stated the same thing. Hey, I plan on expanding my family. ASICS at the time had said, we appreciate full athletes. Come over here. And so I did. I finished a year with them in which I finished with a bronze medal at world championships.","And so in that off-year, I'd hoped that we would conceive and be able to have our daughter and return to the sport. And I did conceive. I did have my daughter. And my daughter was two months old. And I got a phone call that said, I want to talk about your contracts in regard to your performance this year - which means - you mean the year that I've been with child?And then I was - my payment was reduced."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite being a professional athlete, their income comes from sponsorship deals."} +{"dialogue":["No. And this is just a temporary fix. We're now about to put in some type of permanent action to help them further.","Boy, you know, I know it went viral and there are a lot of people to thank, but I can't get over the fact that it began with you. And there are just so many of us who say, oh, that's terrible. Someone should do something. You decided to make yourself that someone.","Yeah. I mean, there was a lot of people pulling up, dropping off food, blankets, and that's fine. Well, below zero, the food was getting cold as soon as someone set it out there.","Yeah. Well, sounds like you've changed their lives and they've changed yours."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is being implied that setting out the food was a temporary fix."} +{"dialogue":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"Red Clay\" is the song that made me famous."} +{"dialogue":["The charges are wire fraud, aiding and abetting and lying to the FBI. Now, the Department of Justice called this a brazen bribery scheme in a letter that came out today with the indictment. According to them, it involves a wealthy businessman, two of his associates and, as you mentioned, Robin Hayes. He's a former five-term congressman and currently still as of this moment leads the state Republican Party.","The indictment lays out in some very specific detail what amounts to an effort to gain favorable treatment from the state Department of Insurance. And allegedly the businessman, this man named Greg Lindberg, offered millions of dollars to the state insurance commissioner. His name's Mike Causey - the commissioner - who is also an elected Republican. And what they wanted - the business folks - in return were looser regulations and some control over personnel within the state Department of Insurance.","How did the alleged fraud come to light?","Well, according to federal prosecutors, it was the insurance commissioner himself, Causey, who had just been on the job for a few weeks, maybe a month or two who came to them in 2017. He had concerns about what he perceived were illegal campaign contributions, and he agreed to cooperate with them if there was an investigation. And of course there was this investigation. And it's unclear exactly what mechanism was used, but there are direct quotes throughout this indictment - phone conversations, in-person correspondence. So a lot of what is alleged to have happened in this conspiracy appears to in some form or fashion have been recorded."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The insurance commissioner reported concerns about illegal campaign contributions and cooperated with federal prosecutors to investigate the alleged fraud."} +{"dialogue":["For people who can't see it, can you describe what things look like right now and some - the actions the Corps is taking on a daily basis to address it?","You know, sometimes it is hard to describe. You know, you're driving down roads that were normally - there might be 50 or a hundred yards to the river. Suddenly, the river is, you know, 10 or 15 yards from where your car is or, you know, where you typically are running for physical training is now underwater.","And in terms of the levees themselves, when you walk the levees, you know, typically, where the water might be 20, 25 feet away from the top of the levee, maybe now it's within five or six feet. So when you see what, you know, a couple hundred thousand cubic feet per second of water looks like rolling down the Arkansas River and it's within feet of the bridges, whether they're pedestrian or vehicular, you know, sometime there used to be 20 feet of clearance, it's pretty awe-inspiring.","What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The scale of the flooding is massive and poses a serious threat to infrastructure and public safety."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Genetically-based decay in intelligence is extremely slow, we cannot detect it in existing generations."} +{"dialogue":["We're talking about huge issues here like, you know, what's the difference between the generations, between the Vietnam war generation and the younger generation?What's the role of African Americans in leadership in society?Is there a glass ceiling for women to break through?These are huge societal issues and they're being represented by these larger than life candidates.","Speaking of archetypes and demographics when it came to the primary season, how did Senator McCain stack up not just against Senator Obama, but also Senator Clinton?","Yeah, absolutely. The best way to see the primary campaign, you know, the first five months of this year is really too see it as a three-way race rather than a two-way race. And basically the major contest was between the young, attractive, good-speaking oratorical black man and the experienced glass-ceiling breaking woman, and the wily grizzled vets came in, sort of had a third place role there, but nevertheless got some coverage. If you rank - once ranked the number of minutes that they got, Obama got most of the - Rodham Clinton got second, and McCain got about half as much as Obama got.","All right. Just very briefly, what do you see ahead in terms of the parity or lack thereof for Obama and McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Senator McCain's demographic characteristics were compared to Senator Obama and Senator Clinton."} +{"dialogue":["So our veggies are sitting there in the supermarket, and they're doing what?","Well, they are still alive. They are still responding to external stimuli. What we've shown is perhaps surprisingly, they can respond to light-dark cycles and really change their metabolite accumulation to different times of day.","They change their metabolism as the sort of a circadian rhythm for my cabbage?","Right, right. So when the crops are growing in the field, they respond to the light-dark cycles, and they - all plants have a circadian rhythm, so they have patterns of behavior that they control or they - that are under the influence of their circadian clock. And when you harvest vegetables and fruits, these vegetables and fruits really stay very much alive even though they've been removed from the whole plant. But then when we store them under constant conditions like in constant light in the grocery store, their circadian rhythms begin to dampen. And so then they lose the ability to show these rhythmic behaviors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The vegetables have a system that regulates according to how much light they get."} +{"dialogue":["Hey, Tony. Is it - has it really been six years?","Yes, it has, 2002.","Oh, my gosh.","We began under the Tavis Smiley banner, you and I and a few other folks.","Oh, yeah.","You know, you were the chair of the U. S. Civil Rights Commission, and one of the things I wanted to get you to talk about, to help put this in perspective for people, is how media and policies are - our roles have changed dramatically, I think, since that time, particularly as it relates to having a new president in the White House, who just today, as I was noticing, as he was getting on the helicopter to leave the White House to go to Air Force One to come to California, held an impromptu news conference and took a few questions. And one was from a black reporter, and that's not something that we would maybe have seen six years ago."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They started or met during something regarding Tavis Smiley."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or forgotten despite its importance and existence."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.","And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.","From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.","Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks again for tackling a subject that is often times neglected for discussion. But all too often it's the source of so much pain and misery in our community. When a family member suffers from an addiction, the entire family suffers. Emotionally, socially, and financially. Shows like yours help to bring the stigma of addiction out of the shadows.","As part of that series, we talked to a mother who said that she believed her son committed suicide because of the game EverQuest. While I tried to challenge our guest on that direct link, we decided to ask the game's maker for a response. Here's some of the statement from Sony Online Entertainment. EverQuest is a phenomenally popular game because it provides players with a fun, social, and interactive online experience. EverQuest is a game. The majority of the hundreds of thousands of subscribers play the game in moderation. As with any form of entertainment, it is the responsibility of each individual player to monitor his or her own playing habits, and prioritize his or her time as necessary.","And finally, Aljore Stallings(ph) in Glen Burnie, Maryland, wrote in about the interview we did with Cullen Jones. If you'll remember, he's the second African-American swimmer to win a gold at the Olympics.","She wrote, I am giving you praise and kudos for your interview of Cullen Jones. I am so glad to hear of a black person achieve success in a sport that isn't traditionally the norm for black folks. I do hope it encourages more young black people to look into learning to swim. It has encouraged me a whole lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The game's maker denies responsibility for any harm caused by their game."} +{"dialogue":["There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.","I don't know the Olive Oil Times.","(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.","Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr. Cord."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change"} +{"dialogue":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Suggesting that adults are often responsible for causing problems."} +{"dialogue":["So who is this father we're talking about?","Well, his name is Bashirul Shikder, and he's an American dad who is from Florida - lives in Florida. And four years ago, his two children - one of them was just an infant less than a year old - were kidnapped by their mother and taken to Syria, where she came to join ISIS. He's been trying to get his kids back since then. And then last month, he received the awful news that his wife had been killed in an explosion. His kids are injured with burns to their faces. So he came to Iraq. We followed him there, you know, next door to Syria where he was lobbying U. S. officials to try to help, trying to locate these children who are somewhere in Syria.","Now it's been confirmed by - well, now multiple sources tell us - but I should say that it's not yet fully confirmed - that these two children and a half sister they now have are actually alive and still in Baghouz. Of course, the offensive on Baghouz has just started again, so this is really every parent's nightmare. What he is hearing is that the kids are there; they're being bombarded. But they're with a family who doesn't want to leave.","Wow. So this father might be watching U. S. -backed forces basically try to take out territory where his children might be still holed up somewhere."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The turn \"He's been trying to get his kids back since then\" is an example of a figurative language, as the father is not physically trying to retrieve his children but rather taking legal and diplomatic actions to locate and bring them back."} +{"dialogue":["That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.","OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?","Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.","In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The cell doesn't literally \"read\" the protein, it merely reacts to the stimili."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?","I think it's triggering our students who have already experienced trauma and secondary trauma, and they've seen things. And we've seen students go through all kinds of emotional reactions during drills - panic and sadness and grief and fear because during those drills, you really don't know what's happening.","Given your history, given what you do now, given how close you come to some of these terrible issues, issues that are often too terrible to contemplate - if there are any one, two or three things you can change or say need to be done right now, what would they be?","I think our schools are doing everything they possibly can to make the environment safe. And I think one of the things that needs to change is it is not a conversation just for our schools anymore. What's happening is our world and our society are now entering our schools. And so we need to address our world and our society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Schools alone cannot solve the issue of safety, society as a whole needs to address it."} +{"dialogue":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Designing and engineering glass for touch functionality is necessary."} +{"dialogue":["So I guess you could be arguing that they're just coming down to realistic levels.","Yeah, I could be arguing that.","All right. Well, let's talk about what this means in relation to the president's recently announced housing rescue package. Now, I understand that it's only applicable if you have a loan of less than $417,000. In other words, not a jumbo loan, and if you're only five percent underwater.","That's right. It does include people who have not defaulted yet, which is a good thing, and it's focused on the right target. The right target is this auctions market, which has gotten clogged. That's really by and large - it's all over the country, but it's particularly in low states, in these four states, and it's at the low end of the market. So most of the properties that are in foreclosure or a lot of the properties in foreclosure are actually within that conforming limit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Not underwater, but when a person owes more than the house is worth."} +{"dialogue":["Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.","And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.","We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?","It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .","Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The Russian's stance on Chechen terrorism is perceived as brutal repression"} +{"dialogue":["You're welcome.","Remind us, please, about some of the allegations facing Secretary Zinke because they have been building.","They have. One Washington-based ethics watchdog tallied 17 different investigations and controversies around Zinke. The one everyone will be - will remember are the really expensive doors. The Interior Department apparently spent $139,000 to replace three sets of doors. But the bigger issues were related to whether he had travel or financial dealings that were unethical or that favored industry and somehow benefited himself. Those are ongoing. And there was a concern or a thought, a very real likely concern, that congressional Democrats were going to take those ethical quandaries a lot more seriously and would be investigating when Democrats took over the House.","Yeah. So that might prompt the decision now in addition to any effect the president might want to have on the news cycle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Secretary Zinke is involved in multiple investigations and controversies."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.","So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?","Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.","I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The antibodies and enzymes have potential for therapeutic use."} +{"dialogue":["People are still there, and people are still very defiant. I think that's really the only word you can use for people who've spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat. And they now say that we will not step down; we will not stand back until this military council has been deposed.","Well, now the military is saying we're going to stall these negotiations. Any agreement that we had settled is off, but we're going to hold elections within nine months. Is that good news for the protesters?","It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People who fasted during Ramadan in extreme heat are showing defiance by continuing to protest until the military council is deposed."} +{"dialogue":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : so this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?"} +{"dialogue":["So your position would be that your dean of students would be there, even if there were some Oberlin students who decided to have a Make America Great rally.","Absolutely. The content of the speech isn't relevant. And she's supposed to be a liaison to the police. And, in fact, the police contacted her staff to talk about this particular protest as it was happening. So it wouldn't matter whether they were there for a Make America Great rally or whether they were there to talk about some progressive cause. The content of the speech is not why we're there. It's there to be able to protect the community and to make it a lawful protest.","Racism is an ugly charge. Can you see why the Gibsons were upset by it?","Oh, absolutely. I - absolutely. If you're called a name that you don't believe is true, then I can absolutely see why the Gibsons were upset."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The dean of students would be present to ensure a lawful protest regardless of the content of the speech"} +{"dialogue":["We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, as always, Scott.","Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?","Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The supreme court has a great many decisions to make on cases."} +{"dialogue":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : My father wanted to create a dichotomy between those who could endure physical and psychological hardships and those who were not as strong or determined."} +{"dialogue":["So your position would be that your dean of students would be there, even if there were some Oberlin students who decided to have a Make America Great rally.","Absolutely. The content of the speech isn't relevant. And she's supposed to be a liaison to the police. And, in fact, the police contacted her staff to talk about this particular protest as it was happening. So it wouldn't matter whether they were there for a Make America Great rally or whether they were there to talk about some progressive cause. The content of the speech is not why we're there. It's there to be able to protect the community and to make it a lawful protest.","Racism is an ugly charge. Can you see why the Gibsons were upset by it?","Oh, absolutely. I - absolutely. If you're called a name that you don't believe is true, then I can absolutely see why the Gibsons were upset."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Gibsons were upset because they were called a name they believed was untrue"} +{"dialogue":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Linda Wertheimer sitting in for Scott Simon.","The Silk Road, the centuries-old trade route that the West traditionally associates with Marco Polo, is believed to have brought silk and pasta from China all the way to Italy. Of course, it didn't happen quite like that. History always depends upon the teller of the story. And we have a new version from Jen Lin-Liu. She's an American food writer who lives and works in China.","She's written a book called \"On the Noodle Road,\" and she joins us now from our bureau in Beijing. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Linda."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S. and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Political agendas are taking precedence over the need for agricultural regulations."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, yes, and I was inundated with students and visitors and all of that because there's a fascination to this, and they all - well, they're all happy to be - to see something like this and realize that when I started and where I started is where they are and that they can do something. And that ought to be the goal: school, learn and then use your own abilities to go further.","Do they realize that?Do they understand that?","I know some did. Now others I think are still thinking I'm going to quickly grab a degree and get a fantastic job and get rich, but I don't think they're thinking beyond getting rich. Now I don't know if that's a good life.","Well, congratulations to you, Nick."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Not all students understand the goal mentioned before."} +{"dialogue":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S. trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : What is your message to Democrats about how to proceed with negotiating the trade agreement?"} +{"dialogue":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There are not actual signs but instances that cause worry for the economy."} +{"dialogue":["Its impact has been on all aspects of Iranians' lives. They have problems in buying their usual daily foods. Prices have soared three or four times. They have problems in buying medication. If we want to talk about, for example, in the medical field, most of the drugs are now founding with much higher prices. Some of them cannot be found easily. So it affects their health.","What are you seeing?What does that look like firsthand?","Yeah. For example, in our field, physicians have to prescribe drugs that might be less effective, that might have more side effects. And they are affordable by the people in operations, in surgeries. We have shortage of devices. People must stay longer waiting for their operation, and it affects their health.","You mentioned some equipment. Can you give an example of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Lack of medical resources and delayed operations have negative effects on patients' health."} +{"dialogue":["I would disagree that they are a gift. You know, for one thing, they are going not necessarily to the insurance companies. They're ultimately going to low-income Americans to help them afford their co-payments and afford their deductibles. So, you know, on that level, they don't seem like a bailout or a gift to the insurance companies. They are required by the law. The law requires these subsidies to be made. So they're really - you know, I see them as part of the Affordable Care Act and not necessarily a bailout.","The president has also said, Sarah, that the insurance companies, in his words, made a fortune with Obamacare. Is that true?What do the numbers show?","The numbers are a lot more mixed. The best data on this probably comes from the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation, which looks at quarterly margins - so how much insurance companies have each quarter leftover after paying out all those claims. In 2014 and 2015, insurance companies had a quarterly margin of just about $20 a person. That's not a ton of money. It's gone up as the Obamacare markets have stabilized.","In 2016, it was about $90 a person, so it's definitely getting better. But the insurance markets - you know, I've covered them since they launched. And they've really been a very rocky experience for insurance companies financially. They didn't know how to price at first. People were sicker than they expected. It's only in the past year that insurance companies have made decent profits there, but I think of them as a mixed bag when it comes to financial performance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Insurance companies did not make a significant profit from Obamacare in the beginning."} +{"dialogue":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The phone call made by the person was a mistake that led to their identification as a potential associate of the war criminal Radovan Karadzic."} +{"dialogue":["And then there's the hurricane season that starts in the Atlantic tomorrow.","Yeah. And of course, hurricanes are changing as the Earth warms. This is sort of the classic, archetypal climate-affected weather system. They're getting larger and wetter. They're dropping more rain. Think Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. Think Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas last year. This year, the Weather Service predicts a normal year. I'm putting that in scare quotes. That means two to four major hurricanes. But it only takes one of those hitting the U. S. to do a lot of damage, so it all adds up to just an enormous amount of flood danger for a lot of Americans.","That's NPR science reporter Rebecca Hersher. Becky, thank you.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change."} +{"dialogue":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr. and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"astroturfing\" is a figurative expression that refers to the practice of creating a false grassroots movement or opinion."} +{"dialogue":["The fear is magnified by a third factor, which is uncertainty, and the uncertainty level is enormous right now. We're really at the brink. People don't know - are we entering an inflationary environment or a deflationary environment?We really don't know what's going to happen. And the potential outcomes are so different and so huge in their consequences that there's just an enormous amount of uncertainty, and that magnifies the fear. People say, I don't want to play this game if I don't have any idea where it's going to head.","Haven't there been studies that show that people are more motivated by fear than by the lure of profit or the lure of gain?","Exactly. People are twice as afraid of taking a loss or afraid of the pain of taking a loss as they are of the feel of pleasure of taking a gain. So what you have in the markets is the effect where as stocks drop and people become more and more into negative territory, they're both afraid of taking the pain of a loss but at some point, as they're riding down, they're losing stocks, they capitulate. They finally throw in the towel and say, that's it. This is too much pain. I can't take it anymore. It's one explanation for why bull markets tend to be long and trending while bear markets like this are rapid and short.","So how do we get out of this?How do we get out of this negative feedback loop?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The fear is intensified by the enormous amount of uncertainty."} +{"dialogue":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C. area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 5 : Most everyone in the country is feeling that they have to cut back on spending money."} +{"dialogue":["It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?","No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S. For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.","What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The prevalence of sexual harassment allegations could lead to substantial change in the composition of Congress and the Senate over the next two election cycles."} +{"dialogue":["No. In this part of Mozambique, it's a complete anomaly. It's unheard of. This close to the equator such a powerful storm, it's not something anybody was expecting.","And I understand that you were just in Beira, which was covering the cyclone that you mentioned there. And how is a second major storm going to affect the ability of government and aid organizations to respond?I mean, just give us a sense of what they're currently - what they've been dealing with already and how they might adapt to this latest storm.","Well, it's a massive humanitarian operation unfolding in central Mozambique where I hit last month. There are dozens of agencies trying to reach the lost communities that still haven't received aid. And by some estimates, there are still over a hundred thousand people who have not yet received any assistance. The logistics of reaching these remote communities is extremely complicated, especially given that a lot of the roads have been washed out or partially blocked, causing bottlenecks. And yes, it's not an easy business getting the bare necessities to these communities.","So, finally, as I mentioned, you're a photojournalist. Could you just give us a sense of one or two of the images that have that have really stayed with you as you've covered these two major storms?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Reaching remote communities with aid is extremely difficult due to washed out or partially blocked roads."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely.","But still, I would beg still to point to the affinity between wanting to bake and the significance of bread and grain and its significance as something that supports life as a kind of basic food. And, of course, Christians use unleavened bread - some Christians, at least, in the Western Christian tradition tend to use unleavened bread for every Eucharistic celebration. And that in itself is understood to be an echo of that last supper. So Christians are sort of using a form of matzah throughout the year and celebrating a little Passover every Sunday, in one sense.","What about the journey from slavery to freedom which is part of the Passover celebration?The way that Christians celebrate the journey from death to life which is part of the resurrection of Christ - I mean, are those all parallels that we should pay attention to?","Well, the Easter Vigil itself is really a kind of mini Passover for Christians, I think. Much of its symbolism is specifically about mapping Jesus' narrative - the story of Jesus' connection and his movement from death to life - as a kind of image that parallels that of the Exodus experience so that Jesus becomes Israel itself and his passage from death to life is like the passage through the Red Sea."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Well, the Easter Vigil itself is really a kind of mini Passover for Christians, I think.Much of its symbolism is specifically about mapping Jesus' narrative - the story of Jesus' connection and his movement from death to life - as a kind of image that parallels that of the Exodus experience so that Jesus becomes Israel itself and his passage from death to life is like the passage through the Red Sea."} +{"dialogue":["The director of the U. S. Census Bureau, John H. Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S. Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr. Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The census results are of great importance to the allocation of resources in the United States."} +{"dialogue":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N. official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There has been no discussion of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya after being forcefully relocated."} +{"dialogue":["And, you know, in 2015, the Supreme Court ruled the Affordable Care Act is constitutional by calling the penalty for not having insurance a tax. And Congress has the power to tax people. So these attorneys general come in, and they argued that since Congress eliminated that tax penalty, the law can no longer stand. And that's what the judge agreed to last night. And he took that argument, and he struck down the entire law.","Now, it's going to be appealed.","Yeah.","The attorney general of California's already said so."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The judge rejected the law so hard that it's being compared to striking something down."} +{"dialogue":["Explain to me why that's a problem. I think defenders of the president would say Jared Kushner has a direct line of communication to the president of the United States, who will actually listen to him.","And that's OK. But that means that Jared Kushner, if he is going to play that role, should at least be informing the president by informing himself, by learning about the issues, by studying the issues, by doing the homework.","What was the personal calculation for you coming out publicly and speaking out about why you resigned as ambassador?Other foreign service officers have not chosen the same route. They have sort of quietly left.","That's correct. And that was my intention. There was an official at the Department of State who read my private letter of resignation to the president. And we know that this happened because it was published by Reuters. And it was there that I wrote to the president that when I was a junior officer, I had signed an oath to completely and fully implement foreign policy, even policies with which I might have disagreed. And then my instructors made clear to me that if there ever came a time when I could no longer do that, I would be honor bound to resign. And that time has come."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He can talk to the president directly with no in between people."} +{"dialogue":["Do you think the Trump administration has achieved that with this action?I mean, do you see them as having a coherent strategy in your view to bring Assad to the table?","No, I don't, and that's the problem. So the strikes were successful in the sense that we follow through on our word. But what now?There doesn't seem to be an answer to some of these larger questions that we were just discussing. Like, where do we go from here?What is our end goal in Syria?What are we doing about the humanitarian situation?Are we going to accept more refugees, or are we going to try to allow people to go back into their homes?Are we going to push for another political - a round of political talks like the ones we had in Geneva or not?These are some of the big questions that I think the administration should be thinking about right now and should be planning for rather than focusing just on the use of chemical weapons and the immediate reaction to that.","Jasmine El-Gamal is a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, and she joined us from Beirut. Thank you so very much.","Thanks, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The administration should be planning for the future and not just focusing on immediate reactions"} +{"dialogue":["The administration position, as I alluded to, is that the number of migrant children apprehended crossing the border without a parent or guardian is at all-time record highs, that this is an emergency situation and that they're having to process so many children that they are out of money for everything which is not - and I'll quote - \"directly necessary for the protection of life and safety. \"What is your response?","Well, I'd argue that legal counsel is often an issue of life and safety for these children. They have fled horrific, violent conditions in their home countries. And an order of deportation without the opportunity of due process could mean a threat to their life and safety. When we're talking about the numbers of children coming in here, while the numbers may be higher, they're not that substantially higher than they were in 2014. And we were able to continue and actually expand services.","In your view, is this move legal?I mean, is the U. S. obligated by law to provide these services for unaccompanied minors in federal shelters here?","Absolutely. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act mandates that children be provided with Know-Your-Rights presentations and legal screenings when they are in the custody of ORR."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The number of migrant children crossing the border is a crisis, and they are out of funds for non-essential expenses."} +{"dialogue":["Well, actually, there are several sets of defendants. In the case of the manufacturers, the claim is that they created, through fraudulent means, a demand for opioids in the case of chronic pain, which was not the practice prior to their efforts.","And you said there's other targets of lawsuits.","Yes. The distributors and the retail sellers have also been sued. Where they have gotten into trouble is that they haven't monitored suspicious orders. And there have been cases where literally millions of doses have been shipped to small communities, clearly in excess of any legitimate demand.","If the federal government brings its own lawsuit against these companies as President Trump has called for this week - is that just going to duplicate what states and localities are doing?Or does the federal government have a different role here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The manufacturers fraudulently created a demand for opioids in chronic pain cases, which was not present before their efforts."} +{"dialogue":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Chinese people face restrictions on moving their capital out of the country"} +{"dialogue":["And I'm wondering how to square the situation now with - I remember interviewing you last year. You had a new book just out on Libya. You were telling me. . .","Yeah.",". . . This did not feel like a country at war, that markets were open, that there were signs of normalcy in Tripoli. That has now changed with these latest developments.","Tragically yes. I mean, of course the country's always had problems. But through international assistance and a U. N. -brokered effort, things were improving in Tripoli modestly. Libyans have a way of getting by. And of course that has all been reversed, so of course now you're seeing electricity blackouts, I mean, displaced. The militias have a newfound presence in the capital. So the country's really been put backward.","I should mention you were just in Libya for a few weeks last month, in Tripoli.","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Despite previous improvements, Libya has regressed due to latest developments"} +{"dialogue":["You know, like, you could sleep on concrete every day in your life, and if you try to sleep on a warm bed, you wouldn't be able to sleep because it's not cold.","Our story, Miracle on the Streets, came to us from independent producer Dmae Roberts and the NPR program Hearing Voices.","Coming up in the program, we switch gears a bit and get funny with \"Saturday Night Live's\" Andy Samberg. Samberg and two other very funny dudes are the band Lonely Island. They have a new album; it's called \"Incredibad. \"Maybe that means songs so bad that they're good. Our critic Andrew Wallenstein brings us a review. That's coming up later on in the program.","Day to Day returns in a moment."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : changing from one segment of the show to different segment of the show"} +{"dialogue":["So a medicinal leech is a common name that we use for leeches that feed on humans. . .","Oh.",". . . And have anticoagulants that could be used in modern medicine. Leeches have these anticoagulants in their saliva. So when they bite, that causes the blood to flow and for the blood to stay liquid inside the leech once it's eaten it. And this has been used in medicine for many, many years. It was most popular in the 17, 1800s in Western medicine, and it's even used today in modern medicine. Leeches are approved medical device in the United States, and they're used readily.","Tell me about your collection method. How did you find this three-jawed leech?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It's not three jawed but has multiple capabilities when it bites a person."} +{"dialogue":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death."} +{"dialogue":["Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished.","And it was, you know, the threat of castration was very real in the 19th century. And there's a moment of irony that Jesse Jackson would want to assert his power, his relevance, to Barack Obama's campaign by placing himself over Barack in a sense in suggesting that he is the man and also capable of taking Barack's manhood away.","Coming up this weekend, we have the start of the NAACP's annual convention and although he has not started yet, Ben Jealous is the incoming president. He's 35. He's going to be the youngest president ever of the NAACP. We seem to be seeing a generational shift overall. Is there going to be blood on the floor, metaphorically, as this shift happens?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood"} +{"dialogue":[". . . Entities. . .","Correct.",". . . Like - nongovernmental groups like terrorist organizations.","Yeah, the terrorist organizations or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Specifically mentioning terrorist organizations as an example of non-governmental entities"} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. And, you know, so I asked this about luck too. And he said, yes, well, we have to take what we can get, but it turns out that Comet Ison is headed towards the sun in November. So they're hoping for another batch of data coming up this fall, something to keep an eye out for, he said, because it's going to look really full too, even for us.","For us. That's supposed to be a super comet we'll see with the naked eye up in the sky.","Yeah.","So this comet actually was not gobbled up by the sun. It was - it's made its journey and went back out again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Gobbled up is not literal. The comet would not be eaten by the sun, but would be burnt up by the sun's heat."} +{"dialogue":["Make sure you got the right booty shorts on.","Well, it depends on the job you're applying for, I guess.","Yeah. I guess it does. No. I think you're bringing up something that's happening not only in the employment sector, but also for college admissions, and all types of things. So it's finding itself, trickling down into other areas. So the bottom line, first foremost, remember that the Internet is a public space. All right?Anything that you put up there can ultimately - I don't care if you're password protected or not. Ultimately that could be copied, found, and reposted somewhere else. So first and foremost, make sure that your content that you're revealing of yourself is something that you're comfortable with showing to a possible employer or a college admissions officer.","Secondly, use it to your advantage. Use these things like LinkedIn. You create your own blog site. Make sure that some of the discussion that is out there about you, you're controlling that. Make sure you have your own presence online. So talk about some of the extracurricular activities, your hobbies, your interests, things that you've done really, really well or you're very proud about, and take advantage of some of that. I think that's something to really take consideration of because this is a time where people are actually looking at these online sources, and you have to separate between your social life and your business life, and be able to understand how to do that in this online world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Choosing the appropriate outfit is important for job interviews."} +{"dialogue":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr. Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves gradually introducing them to the same type of water they will encounter in the ocean, so that when they are released, they will be able to survive in the new environment."} +{"dialogue":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr. Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Starting the spa business was a way to escape from monotonous work."} +{"dialogue":["And then they also passed another thing that actually goes into effect immediately, which is the expansion of this committee that would be empowered to make inquiries into churches' handling of abuse as well as some other things. Those - that committee could then refer their inquiries and responses to the executive committee, which then could decide whether or not the - or the church is in what's called friendly cooperation with the broader conventions.","OK, so two fairly significant-sounding changes - and when you say they passed overwhelmingly, give me some sense of the numbers.","At least two-thirds of the people there.","What was the reaction like in the room as people understood that that's what was happening, that these changes were being voted through?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The committee will investigate churches' mishandling of abuse cases."} +{"dialogue":["And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller.","And you hit it, and off of the equator of this rapidly spinning muffin comes this stuff, and it's mostly Earth's mantle.","Little muffin that becomes the moon."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The moon was once a part of the Earth."} +{"dialogue":["I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.","Henry, always great to talk to you.","You, too. Thank you so much for having me.","Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think - you know, I think there's always a push and pull between the White House and the State Department. But this was a little bit different because I certainly had not seen situations in which State - because it was being so very gutted and because we didn't have many senior officials - was getting left out of so much that was being attempted.","Have you seen a shift within the State Department since Mike Pompeo has come onboard?Obviously, Rex Tillerson oversaw a reduction of staff. We saw 60 percent of high-level, career State Department diplomats leave the service, you among them. Has that trend reversed itself under Mike Pompeo?","There are very encouraging signs in terms of Secretary Pompeo's attention to management issues, lifting hiring freezes, trying to move forward. Those are relatively narrow in scope of what he's trying to do right now. And I think in terms of policy changes, it's impossible to tell whether those will make a difference in terms of either retention of people or attraction of new people, et cetera. So my view right now is, you know, sort of we'll see. But it is always better for the State Department to have in place a secretary who has the president's ear and has a good relationship with him. So in that respect, I think most State Department officials are pleased. But it's early days yet.","That was Roberta Jacobson, the former U. S. ambassador to Mexico. We'll be taking WEEKEND EDITION to Mexico this coming week, where we'll get the view from our neighbor to the south ahead of their pivotal elections. That's a week from today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The state department was loosing a great many employees."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.","And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.","I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.","Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem"} +{"dialogue":["Yes, there was a peace agreement. But the big part of the peace agreement was that there is no border between Ireland and Northern Island. And that was possible because both Great Britain and Ireland are within the EU.","Can Britain get what they call a soft exit, or are there too many hard feelings for that?","I think on the EU side, there is a lot of willingness to have the soft Brexit. There's not much willingness among the hard Brexiteers to have a soft Brexit because a soft Brexit means that you stay within the customs union. The customs union means that you export and import goods freely. But if you stay within the customs union, you keep the same standards and the same rule book.","This sounds like an awful mess."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The peace agreement has a condition where there is no border between Ireland and Northern Island."} +{"dialogue":["And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.","Hi. Good to be here.","You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?","Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Uber promised to make transportation more efficient and eco-friendly by getting more people in fewer cars on the road, but this promise has not been fully realized."} +{"dialogue":["Growing up in this community since I was a baby, this is my home. It's where I learned to live out on the land. It's where I harvest my food. It's where I live. I love this country. And at times like when you go to high school and you got to go to school, you leave the community. And when you're young, you like to experience and travel new things, but you always have that sense of home that you want to be back to. You want to be back. You want to be on the river. You want to be out on the land. I don't see myself wanting to move. This is my community, and I'm going to raise my family here.","You have a young daughter, I am told.","Yeah, her name is Tl'yah Tr'an Elizabeth Edith Josie (ph). She is 18 months.","You going to change what you tell her - is that going to be different from what your parents and grandparents told you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : You learn how to get your food from plants and animals instead of a store. When you travel you begin to feel a sadness that you are not at home. You want to be outdoors experiencing nature."} +{"dialogue":["People are still there, and people are still very defiant. I think that's really the only word you can use for people who've spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat. And they now say that we will not step down; we will not stand back until this military council has been deposed.","Well, now the military is saying we're going to stall these negotiations. Any agreement that we had settled is off, but we're going to hold elections within nine months. Is that good news for the protesters?","It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People have endured extreme conditions during Ramadan, but they are still protesting and refusing to back down"} +{"dialogue":["Seems like air conditioners break down when they're needed most - when it's hottest - and furnaces give out when it's coldest - when they have to pump out the most heat. What has this fearsome winter been like for a heating repair technician?We turn now to Doug Braford, who works all shifts in Cleveland, where temperatures hit record lows in February. Mr. Braford joins us from the studios of the idea stream, WCPN in Cleveland. Thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome. It's good to be here.","So tough few weeks?","Yeah, it's been a tough season this year. You know, it's definitely been a winter that's held on and really hasn't given us too many breaks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : 1) is a statement about air conditioners and furnaces breaking down in extreme weather conditions."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Exactly correct. And when it comes to hostages, there is a clear U. S. policy. We do not pay ransom. We do not make concessions. When it comes to political prisoners, it's much more murky.","To your knowledge, was any money given to North Korea in association with the release of Otto Warmbier, however it's characterized?","Not that I'm aware. I would personally be surprised if the Trump administration actually paid that invoice. However, again, when we were negotiating and trying to put the framework together for the release of Otto Warmbier, we were coupling it with a bigger package of bringing back remains of U. S. servicemen, of helping a little bit with flood-related areas in north North Korea, which was back then hit really hard - not to the North Korean government, but through humanitarian organizations. And that compiles this package of humanitarian interest, mutual humanitarian interest that - it's a bunch of gestures of goodwill that ends up getting with what you want.","What does this week's news tell us about how the Trump administration deals with these types of situations?Because the president likes to suggest that his techniques are very different from that of his predecessors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The U.S. government has a policy of not paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.","Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.","Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Referring to a complicated game of musical chairs, not an actual game but referring to the fact that anyone could take the spot, similar to the game of musical chairs. "} +{"dialogue":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The little boy insulted the man's teeth and the old lady pointed out the bra strap"} +{"dialogue":["Well, yeah. He calls Obama a bad or sick guy. That is an extraordinary thing to hear from a sitting president about his predecessor. We should note there has been no reaction from President Obama yet and no evidence, no confirmation, to support this claim. But it's not going to calm the waters.","Boy, we have investigations that are unfolding at the FBI. There are several committees that are gathering at Capitol Hill. What's the landscape they're looking at right now?","So, as you said, the FBI is investigating. We don't have a lot of visibility into where they are in that investigation or what the time frame is because they don't comment on active investigations. We just know that they are - they're doing them. On the Hill, we have - we know a little bit more. The Intelligence Committees have the lead on investigating all of the Russia stuff. We know they are reviewing documents. They're trying to think about who to call to come testify. And they confirmed this week - the House Intelligence Committee, for example, confirmed they are looking into links between Russia and the campaigns; also looking into all these recent leaks of classified information.","I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"last scalp\" is being used as a metaphor for a definitive conclusion or resolution to a situation or investigation."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, call me an old fashioned guy, but I like to see the U. S. and the Russians figuring out areas where we can cooperate and going at it from there. So I think it's a good idea. But I do have a little caution about the notion that you bring people together and they're going to hit the side of the head with the palm of their hand and say, oh. Now we see this other guy isn't so bad.","Actually, they've been murdering each other for a couple of years now. And so bringing people together isn't necessarily going to help. I think what's more important is not so much getting people around a table, as getting people around some ideas for what this crazy country is going to look like in the future.","Again, going back to the example of Dayton, you said getting people together in one room did not work so well there.","Oh. You know, we had an opening banquet, which we had in this museum. I mean, it was an air museum, so, ironically, above the head of one the Serbs, we had a cruise missile, which had recently. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He says to call him a guy that likes to do things the way they used to be done years ago. He cautions against thinking that bringing people together will make them suddenly realize how wrong they had been."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : This is a polite way of saying thank you for the help provided."} +{"dialogue":["Now, have you been able to get through to your teams in the Bahamas?What are you hearing?","We have sporadic communications, but we did pre-deploy teams into the affected areas.","And what are you hearing?","What we're hearing is that it's a very difficult situation. There is extensive damage and extensive flooding, especially in - most of the areas close to the coast have been almost completely underwater, and many of the shelters that we have been working in and preparing - they have also started to be underwater and be flooded. So people are moving out of some of the temporary shelters, which we had in schools and churches, and are moving into some of the biggest or tallest and strongest buildings on the island. Especially in Marsh Harbor, we have reports of people moving into the government buildings because the flood waters are so high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : What messages are you receiving from them (not what are you literally hearing)"} +{"dialogue":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The \"finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover\" is not actually talking about water leaking out of a dam, but rather a declining bank that needed a solution to a financial drain problem"} +{"dialogue":["Given that President Trump pulled the U. S. out of this deal a year ago, why has Iran just now decided to do all this?","Well, there's a couple of reasons. One, as you mentioned, the U. S. isn't the only party to the deal. And so after the U. S. pulled out, Iran wanted to give the other parties, which are Russia, Europe and China, time to maybe provide some sanctions relief, to provide it a reason to stay in. After a year, that hadn't happened. And so Iran has been putting pressure, particularly on Europe, to try and get something in exchange for agreeing to abide by the deal.","The other big thing that's going on is that the U. S. is dialing up this maximum pressure campaign. And Iran is kind of exerting the same campaign back. You know, they are starting to be increasingly provocative in a number of arenas, and the nuclear arena is one of those.","And does this mean that the deal is likely to totally fall apart soon?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign"} +{"dialogue":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : .The situation was potentially dangerous and uncomfortable, with the darkness and cold adding to the tension."} +{"dialogue":["I think it's actually the opposite. And Jay Inslee ran as the climate candidate, but it turns out there are several climate candidates. So if you are a voter who's looking for someone who wants to overhaul the entire economy over the coming decades, to transition to renewable energy, massively cut down on greenhouse gas emissions, you have your pick - Beto O'Rourke has a plan to do that, Elizabeth Warren, Joe Biden to a more moderate degree, others. Many have put forward plans that would go far further than what the Obama administration tried to do on this.","Inslee did have the most detailed plan. He did talk about this the most. But that really didn't allow him to end up to stand out on the front. And you're right; most polls show that climate change is one of Democratic voters' top issues. This is something that this year Democrats are regularly talking about, voters are asking about, it's a topic in debates. In the past, that hasn't been the case. This has often been an issue that ends up getting ignored during elections.","You mentioned Bernie Sanders. He just rolled out a big climate plan. How does his proposal compare to the other plans we've seen?","I think it's fair to say this is the most aggressive plan yet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : to put something forward is to give an idea, they are giving ideas for climate change"} +{"dialogue":["This ful has more texture. And each ingredient, especially the bits of garlic, really hits the tongue. Helou says this is her favorite ful. And while she was in Syria, she became a regular at Haj Abdo's cafe. Abdo eventually moved to Cairo to escape the Syrian civil war. Helou tried to find him and reconnect.","Well, I asked around because he set up his ful stall there - cafe there. And by the time I found somebody who knew where he was, he had passed.","Well, his recipe lives in your cookbook. That's for sure.","Yeah. It's one of those meals that is basically a pauper's meal but that is absolutely delicious and irresistible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Despite being a simple and cheap meal, ful is delicious and irresistible"} +{"dialogue":["For the second time in as many months, Mozambique is recovering from a deadly cyclone. In March, it was you Idai. This time it's Kenneth. Kenneth was a Category 4 cyclone when it made landfall in the north of the country last week. Devastating winds were followed by days of torrential rain and widespread flooding. The government says at least 38 people have died.","For more, we're joined by Deborah Nguyen with the United Nations World Food Programme. She's in Pemba, near the center of the storm's path. And to begin, can you tell us what the damage looks like on the streets of Pemba right now?","In Pemba itself right now it's completely flooded. It has rained for the past two days, which is making humanitarian aid difficult.","Currently you're involved with the teams who are distributing food. What kind of food are you bringing to people?And how are you able to reach them?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The cyclones in Mozambique have caused a lot of destruction and loss of life."} +{"dialogue":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Managing stress requires dealing with its physical effects on the body."} +{"dialogue":["Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.","Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.","Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.","So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly."} +{"dialogue":["I don't know what you make of a recent letter some ICE special agents sent to Homeland Security Secretary Nielsen asking that the branch of ICE that deals with counterterrorism and drug trafficking, not deportations, be split off from the agency because of all the ill will.","Yeah. I have seen that. That was - that's an interesting consequence of another change that was made at the time that DHS was formed. In addition to splitting up the immigration entities, they also blended in the customs function. And so ICE is Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The same is true at the border. And that was a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out. The customs people think that they have these - you know, they've got a separate set of responsibilities that are impeded by the immigration function.","Former INS general counsel Bo Cooper, thanks so much for coming in and joining us, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"...a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out.\" This turn is an example of a figurative expression. \"Shotgun marriage\" is not referring to an actual marriage involving a shotgun; instead, it is a metaphorical way of describing a forced or hasty union between two parties."} +{"dialogue":["Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?","Well, pretty severely. We lost the great majority of our mice. And I guess probably the clearest way I can put it is to say mice are very - are quite literally our partners in discovery. We really rely on them to inform us on pretty much every aspect of what we learn about how the brain functions.","I mean, I was trying to think about this, too, how - what the right analogy is. I mean, you don't - they're encoding data, as well, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The loss of mice was a great setback as they are vital for research purposes"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","And he's been the finance guy. We just don't know that yet. But I think, you know, if it turns out that he is cooperating or does get fuller immunity, he really could turn out to be an enormously important part of this investigation.","After Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president, we saw a tweet from President - in an interview, Trump said flipping almost ought to be illegal. Fair to say that the cases couldn't be made without getting people to flip?","Absolutely. I mean, there's no question. And we often see people who are convicted of crimes where there are cooperators - say, you know, you shouldn't be allowed to do this. That itself should be a crime. But the reality is that in order to prove a lot of cases, particularly very serious cases, we need to have someone who's in the room when all the action happens, when the crime happens or who's involved in transactions or murders or whatever who can tell the story. And so it's essential to have that voice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : People do not physically flip. They change their positions on issues."} +{"dialogue":["Hi.","So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?","Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.","And what does that mean for you?","Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The future of the town is uncertain and it is causing anxiety"} +{"dialogue":[". . . Because I have Nusayba. And she is alive and smiling and well thanks to an anonymous live donor, who came through at the last second. . .","Yeah.",". . . And gave a piece of his liver, which is now in my daughter's belly. And she lives. What more can we ask for?My life is complete.","We can reveal his name, too, can't we?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : the donor person allowed part of their liver to be used right before the person was to die."} +{"dialogue":["How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . .","Exactly.","In my family, it was like - it's a disgrace to the race when you leave the house with your head rag."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Wearing a head rag is seen as a negative reflection on the race."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, when you talk about fascists, one would think that that movement and the fascism of Mussolini - its ideas might have been buried a long time ago in Italy.","Yeah, well, theoretically, in 1945 when the dictatorship fell. But, you know, Italy was never made to come to terms with its fascist past. There were no Nuremberg trials. And many fascist bigwigs just blended back into society. Italy had a large communist movement that had been the backbone of the partisan battle against fascism. So with the start of the Cold War, the allies feared communists would take over and did not push for a defascistization (ph) of society.","So today, there are several openly fascist parties running in this election. They probably won't overcome the 3-percent threshold to get into Parliament. But they're very visible. They were very loud. And they've, you know, reawakened the political ghosts of the past. They've emboldened other populist parties to use language and make proposals that, until recently, mainstream politics would have really considered unacceptable.","What happened to the moderates, though?I mean, why hasn't the outgoing ruling party, which is center-left, been able to showcase some real achievements that it's had?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Fascist parties have emboldened populist parties to use unacceptable language."} +{"dialogue":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : This is an idiomatic expression that refers to a selected video for the week, rather than a literal pick of a video."} +{"dialogue":["Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.","So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula.","Enjoy the crunch for what it is. I think even people who are sneering down their noses at iceberg lettuce love it when it's on top of a burger, when it's shredded really finely on a sandwich. There are contexts in which we know that iceberg is the perfect lettuce.","Lettuce doesn't have to be a wedge issue. Helen Rosner is a food writer for The New Yorker."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Fabric of society is actually just the way the society is made up of different personalities and choices."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the Republican reaction is pretty typical. Whenever we see Donald Trump act like a stress test on democratic institutions, Republicans in Congress are usually silent. They don't seem to be concerned by the president involving himself in an internal investigation or openly calling for the Mueller investigation to end unless they are Republicans who are not running for re-election. So we have heard some criticisms from Republicans who are planning to retire. In the past, Republicans have come to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions because the president has relentlessly humiliated and criticized him. And Republican senators have stood up for Sessions. He's become a kind of proxy for the rule of law. What we don't know is if firing Bob Mueller is a kind of red line for Republicans in Congress. That's really the big question.","So what do we know about the Justice Department?What are they saying about all this?","Well, there has been pushback from former DOJ officials who say this firing was inappropriate. We also know how Andrew McCabe has reacted. He said he was singled out and treated this way because of what he witnessed in the aftermath of the firing of James Comey. He says that he was fired to undermine the credibility of the Mueller investigation. We also know that McCabe made contemporaneous notes just like his boss, James Comey, did. All FBI agents are trained to do this. And coincidentally, James Comey is about to embark on a book tour, one of the highest-profile book tours ever.","Yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words"} +{"dialogue":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Shopify stores have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.","So they see jobs in green energy.","That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.","At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : China sees renewable energy as a future economic opportunity, which can be exported and reduce environmental impact."} +{"dialogue":["Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Jennifer Linder. You say it's UVA and UVB, make sure you have that in the sun - both - protection from both kinds of ultraviolet.","That is correct. It's actually probably the most important thing for people to remember because you want to have broad-spectrum covered. The reason is you can think of the UVB rays as being the burning rays, and you can think of the UVA rays as being the aging rays, and that's because the UVB rays go into the epidermis, which is where the nucleus is for the keratinocytes, the ones that when the DNA is changed, actually it turns into skin cancer, versus the UVA rays are longer wavelengths. And they actually go - capable of going into the deeper dermis, which is where the collagen is. And when you break down collagen, that's how you age, and probably about 80 to 90 percent of aging is actually a result of sun exposure.","What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : SPF is not directly proportional to the level of protection."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : the question \"How difficult do you think that is likely to be?\" is not actually asking for a prediction of the level of difficulty. The interviewer is asking about the author's thoughts on the sustainability of publishing an anthology annually."} +{"dialogue":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit."} +{"dialogue":["This is such a different type of story than we often see after a disaster. I mean, it's just the sheer numbers and the sheer amount of land in these three countries that was affected. I mean, you've decided to bring us just into one life and profile - one person doing one thing. Was that experience different for you journalistically?","It was a different - oh, gosh. It was a different experience for sure. I've never followed anyone doing this kind of work. And I've had two reporting trips to Mozambique now. And a lot of the work has been focused on the many, many people trying to deliver aid to people still alive - you know, frantic - organized frantic chaos, you know, trying to help people survive. And this was a very different, quiet experience but just fascinating to see.","Is there one image or one scene or one moment that stands out for you after following this man?","I think it was just the one in the field. It just struck me as an immense task. And I wanted to bring that to life as much as possible immediately for people. And he said it himself as he stood and he looked around the field. And he said, this is literally like a needle in a haystack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"one image or one scene or one moment that stands out\""} +{"dialogue":["I mean there's no logic to what he does. There's no way to anticipate what he's going to do. Often, what he ends up doing defies logic, defies everybody's expectations, defies explanation.","When you hear this from people who've been around the president, is there a but anywhere?Do they say, I love this man, but?","There used to be. Remember - so I've done - this is my second book. This is effectively a sequel. I've spent the last three years pretty much non-stop talking about Donald Trump. And there used to be buts. There are no buts now. I might make a reservation for some of the most sycophantic people around him. But even they, if you push them a little, get to the vile and ludicrous pretty quickly.","I'm thinking of a description attributed to a former senior White House official, Steve Bannon, describing the president the United States and the president of Russia, Putin and Trump, quote, \"two narcissistic, cult leader-type presidents. Both had populist talents, yet both were ultimately out for their own benefit. \"And then a key line here, I think - of the two, Putin was the far cleverer one. It sounds like even Steve Bannon, who did so much to promote the president's career, doesn't seem to think he's very bright."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Even the most sycophantic people around the president think he's vile and ludicrous."} +{"dialogue":["Israel is saying the same. The Defense Minister Ehud Barak told the parliament today that Israel is essentially in a state of all-out war with Hamas and that Israel has no intention of stopping with their campaign as long as Hamas continues to fire its rockets.","And meanwhile, Israeli soldiers are massed along the border. Is it expected that there will be a ground war?","Israeli officials are saying that it's certainly possible, and they have closed off the part of Israel that directly borders Gaza. They've created a military zone there. It's been closed to all civilians and to reporters, so we don't know exactly what is happening there now.","And what is Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni saying?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Israel is engaged in a serious conflict with Hamas."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) is that the Republicans must use pressure tactics to pass their agenda, rather than just relying on persuasion alone."} +{"dialogue":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The statistic does not electrically shock people but it does greatly surprise people."} +{"dialogue":["Human smugglers prey on the desperation of people who flee war and oppression. Human traffickers have made millions moving people across borders, without regard to safety. Thousands of people have died, locked in packed trucks or trapped in sinking ships. Remember the so-called ghost ships, crowded with Syrian refugees, set on a course to crash into the Italian coast.","Italian prosecutors are trying to track and arrest smugglers, arguing that organized criminal gangs who run these smuggling rings are mobsters and ought to be prosecuted like the Mafia. Using survivor testimony and wiretaps, six alleged traffickers are now on trial in connection with a shipwreck in which more than 300 asylum-seekers drowned. Gery Ferrara is part of an elite prosecution team in Italy, and he joins us from Palermo. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for inviting me.","How do you trace these smuggling networks because I'm - I would guess they take some pains to disguise themselves?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Italian officials are attempting to punish traffickers harshly, similar to how they would treat members of organized crime syndicates."} +{"dialogue":["So Robert Mueller testified. The House adjourned. And yet, the idea of impeaching Donald Trump lives on.","It lives on. And as you said, it is inching forward. I was checking this morning - NPR has an impeachment tracker where we've been tracking every member that comes forward for impeachment - and it's now at an even 100. Although, I should say that before Robert Mueller testified, it was at about 95. So we haven't exactly seen a big groundswell of impeachment following his testimony. I think the Congress reflects, right now, where the country is - there's a bunch of people really for it, a bunch of people really against it and not much moving in one direction or the other. The Congress is largely stuck on the question of impeachment.","How do you think this six-week break will change the dynamics of the situation?What do you think Democrats and Republicans are going to hear from their constituents?And is that going to change how they act when they get back here?","It's really interesting because August recess can be funny things. You know, we do sort of see groundswells sometimes that happen when members are home. Remember; the Tea Party movement in 2010 really started to rise up during the August recess when members were home. I don't think we're going to see something like that along the lines of impeachment, but I do think you would have to see a groundswell of a public opinion change or Democrats going home and realizing that this is not what their constituents want. We don't know the answer to that question yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The ground does not swell but a great many people join together for promoting a cause."} +{"dialogue":["So I do miss it, but you know, I don't miss it enough to go back anytime soon. I'm not going to volunteer.","When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it?Is that a question you ask yourself?","No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.","Well, Jeremiah, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it? Is that a question you ask yourself?"} +{"dialogue":["Did you get an answer?","We did not. I guess - I suppose an answer in sort we're saying why; we don't know when it's going to be released. And then as we dug into it further, the answer that we really got was it was a White House decision.","You're hearing this from who - from - when you're reaching out to the Pentagon, they're telling you - ask the White House?","Correct. Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one."} +{"dialogue":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S. presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Economists became important because they promised solutions to economic problems."} +{"dialogue":["Yes.",". . . And that makes the process here entirely unconstitutional. So due process rights are an important part of our Constitution, and they apply to any one of us who's in the middle of a criminal proceeding, for example. But this is different. We're not in a grand jury. The president's not about to be indicted, at least not anytime soon. The process that is underway is the very early steps - what the House has chosen to call an inquiry into whether or not there should be a more formal move to impeach the president.","Although, I mean, if Pat Cipollone were here, he would argue, A, President Trump is an American. He is entitled to the same rights as any American citizen. I'm reading from Page 1 (reading) therefore he has - he enjoys the basic rights guaranteed to all Americans, which would include due process under the Constitution.","Well, the Constitution doesn't say that either, OK?What the Constitution says specifically with respect to impeachment, it says that the House of Representatives - and I'm shortening the sentence - the House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment - period. There's a period at the end of that. And there's no sentence following in that. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The house of representatives has absolute power of impeachment and there is no way to argue the point."} +{"dialogue":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes."} +{"dialogue":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The jungle wasn't as untouched as originally believed and was heavily populated in prehistoric times."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The host nation is responsible for the safety of the entire compound."} +{"dialogue":["They asked me to consider that, you know, almost without exception, these are young people in federal facilities who are separated from their families. They're in a strange place. They're dealing with stress and uncertainty every day. They fled poverty. They fled possibly violence in their home countries. And so they desperately need the semblance of a daily routine.","And analogously, if you look at studies done in hospital settings with chronically ill children, when they have access to play, they do better. They heal faster. They have lower levels of stress. And similarly, after natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Katrina, there started to be interest in the therapeutic benefits of play access.","A very simple thing that Dr. Cantor told me is that when your brain is being bombarded with stress hormones every day, you actually need to move your body even more than usual so you can get oxygen to your brain. And this oxygenation - it helps buffer potentially long-term damage.","Just in our last 30 seconds, what does the law say here?Could there be legal challenges?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Moving your body more than usual can help buffer long-term damage caused by stress."} +{"dialogue":["Abortion. Abortion.","Really?","Because it's such a driving issue, a lot of one-issue abortion voters. The courts are determining what's legal in abortion. We see now that the court has got these new two conservative members to the Supreme Court and the lower courts. That's why you see states now pushing ahead with their tough abortion restrictions because they think that they can get these upheld. So I do think abortion - school prayer. Ronald Reagan played on school prayer when he was running. And these were the kind of things that conservatives vote on. These are important to them.","These are these sort of moral and cultural issues that they are interested in, consumed by to some regard. And so the courts have just been more important to them. You do see Democrats reacting now. There's new groups springing up. Demand Justice is a new group that was started to kind of make Democrats more aware of the potency of the court and the importance and why Democrats should be more interested in voting on it. I do think, in this election, Democrats are going to talk a lot more about the Supreme Court than they have in the past."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : 2. Conservatives prioritize issues such as school prayer and abortion."} +{"dialogue":["I won't give away the end of the book, but Jay really evolves in terms of how he feels about the Philippines and what he wants his next moves to be after he discovers what's happened to his cousin. What do you think that character in particular says about the relationship between an immigrant, their country of origin, and then the country that they're expected to eventually go home to when the two-week break is over, the family visit is over?","I think it says that there is this connection, but I think also if you are to foster that connection, kind of make it something meaningful, you want to acknowledge kind of what you don't know. And then two, learn. And doing those things kind of strengthens that connection, and I think one ends up with a stronger sense of who they are, especially somebody with, like, a dual identity. It can kind of lessen or mitigate those feelings of, you know, not being something enough, right?Not being Filipino enough, or not being whatever the second piece of the identity is.","Randy Ribay is author of the novel \"Patron Saints Of Nothing. \"Randy, thanks so much for coming on.","Yeah. Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Jay's character development highlights the complexities of an immigrant's relationship with their home and adopted countries."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C. via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Ful medames is a very filling dish that can sustain you for several hours."} +{"dialogue":["You actually provided some recommendations. Give me an example of one or two of them.","Well, one of the important things is that the stops go well. That the police are professional, that they're there and it's clear that they are trying to serve the public. Mistakes will happen, they'll pick the wrong person up, someone will happen to fit a crime suspect description, but the way the police conduct themselves needs to be extremely professional. Very polite. And one of the recommendations I made was that they hand the person a receipt when they make a mistake that says I've made a mistake, here's my name, here's the name of my supervisor, here's his phone number, give him a call. Here's how you file a complaint, this is why I stopped you. You're wearing a white T-shirt, black jeans, that's the same description that I just received over the radio. And that can go a long way to improving things.","Give me one more.","Well, the other thing was that they need to find out who these 15 officers are and take some action to resolve those issues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Police should conduct themselves in a professional and polite manner to improve public perception and relations"} +{"dialogue":["One, make sure you fill out all the federal forms correctly and thoroughly. Two, report all your income to the government. Those will be the two big headlines. Three. . .","That's the law, right?","Yeah, that's - follow the law is clear. Three, it really hasn't affected the lobbying business, per se, even with President Trump. There's so much uncertainty out there that businesses and individuals want people representing them in Washington who are just kind of aware of what's going on and looking after their interests.","Well, that raises this question. During your lobbying career, you lobbied, I gather, for broadcasters and beer wholesalers. As we noted, Mr. Manafort specialized in lobbying for foreign strongman, including Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire and Viktor Yanukovych of Ukraine, Moscow's man - Moscow's plant in Kiev. Question might sound naive - I thought ambassadors were supposed to represent the interests of foreign powers in Washington, D. C. How did lobbyists become part of it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It is a legal requirement to fill out federal forms correctly and report income to the government."} +{"dialogue":["Well, that is a great question. And the real question here - and the son of the famed Northern Alliance commander Ahmad Shah Massoud this week is actually hedging his bets. He is bringing together on Wednesday an anti-Taliban coalition. They say they're going to fight the Taliban politically and militarily, if necessary - really kind of an indication that the Afghans aren't sure that they can trust the Taliban at all. Leila, while these negotiations have begun going on for nine months, the Taliban have continued to fight on the ground trying to increase their leverage on the battlefield so that they would have more influence at the negotiating table. And so Afghans aren't sure whether this - any peace agreement will mean the fighting is going to stop.","So then what does that mean for Afghanistan's upcoming presidential elections scheduled for later this month?","Well, President Ghani has insisted these elections should go forward. But this week, Abdullah Abdullah, his main contender and his chief executive officer, has said, he's ready to quit the elections for the sake of peace and that kind of throws things into question. So far, we understand the elections are going forward. Election materials are being distributed now as we speak. The elections are only four weeks away. And it - what's really uncertain is whether the Taliban who have vehemently opposed these elections have said that they will attack anything associated with the elections whether they're trying to make this a condition for further talks with the Afghans, which is the next step in this process.","That's reporter Jennifer Glasse in Kabul. Jennifer, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It's not betting but making sure that his chance has a better chance of succeeding."} +{"dialogue":["One of the things that we're looking at is how multicultural Houston is and how many different types of communities live here. Have you seen that change over time?","Yeah, it's become more diverse - more ethnic restaurants coming in onto the scene, more Vietnamese restaurants, more Arabic restaurants, more Japanese restaurants, more Chinese restaurants. Besides that, there has been a great influx of Indian and Pakistani population. So yes, things have changed. One thing hasn't changed. I still don't like sloppy Joes.","(Laughter).","You know.","I hear that you're thinking of retiring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They mention more diverse as in different cuisines as the narrator points out. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think what's wrong with it is manifold. Our social safety net is embarrassingly weak; it barely merits the name. We give unemployment benefits that are stingy by rich countries' standards over periods that are short by rich countries' standards. And something a lot of people don't know, only about one-third of the unemployed even qualify because of various eligibility requirements. And on top of that, people lose their health insurance, some of them lose their pensions and so on.","And, we have estimates now that the unemployment rate will go up to at least 8 percent now.","I think that's right. I think at this point, we'll be fortunate or skillful, depending on how you want to think about it, if we can hold the line at 8 percent. I think higher is probably likely.","OK. So let's talk about unemployment benefits, and what do you think President-elect Obama should do about extending those?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits."} +{"dialogue":["Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.","We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?","You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.","As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Russian interference in the 2016 election is ongoing or never stopped."} +{"dialogue":["Now, Senator Obama is scheduled to address the convention on Sunday, last week we spoke to Richard Prince, of the Maynard Institute, who said, that the presidential forum, that was scheduled for Thursday was quote, \"all but dead. \"Of course, Senator Obama is traveling internationally. How did you secure him coming for Sunday, and given that Sunday is essentially the very last day of the convention, do you expect turnout that's going to be significant?","Well, the talks with both presidential candidates have been taking place for a while, and the invitations were extended many, many months ago. And so, talks have been taking place, and you know, with schedules it's really difficult to nail that down. With this Middle East and Europe trip coming up for Senator Obama, that came into the mix, just in recent weeks. It came down to a choice between having the Senator come on Sunday, or not at all.","So the Senator McCain invitation is still out, but it has not been accepted or rejected?","Right. We're still working on it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The organizers faced difficulties in getting Obama to attend the convention."} +{"dialogue":["The so-called Energy Climate Czar, I think people are calling it. I suppose if we have a car czar, we have to have a climate czar. This is supposedly going to be Carol Browner, who was the head of EPA in both Clinton administrations, actually, I think probably the longest serving EPA director.","She's a lawyer. She used to work with Al Gore in the Senate. She has earned herself quite a reputation when she was working for President Clinton as a tough regulator, someone who defended the Clean Air Act vigorously against lawsuits brought by industry questioning some of the scope of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. So she comes with, again, quite a lot of green credentials and reputation for being very savvy on how Washington works.","And finally, Chris, can you tell us a bit about who is going to head up Mr. Obama's EPA?","Again, the name that's being bandied about quite a bit about is a woman named Lisa Jackson. She is a chemical engineer, and she is working currently as the environment - she started working as the environment head for the state of New Jersey in 2006. And again, she also worked at EPA during the Clinton years, so we've got a couple of people here who were Clinton executives and environmental movers and shakers during the Clinton administration."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The term 'Czar' is used to refer to the head of a certain field, although it does not hold any official title or position in the government."} +{"dialogue":["Ms. LYNNE D. JOHNSON (Blogger, fastcompany. com): Hi, how are you, Farai?","I'm great so, just quickly describe the video blog post for listeners who've not seen it.","Oh boy.","Well, it's basically something done as parody - described as parody in black face. Probably the most stereotypical depiction of a black person, an imagined black tech blogger with dreadlock wig, and speaking in a slang and talking about a website, called, you know about hos, or something like that. Hos and area codes. And so, a year ago, you know, people found this totally offensive, but it was in the - as you said in the insular web 2. 0 world, in the web community, people on Huffington Post, and PodTech heard some of the backlash and decided to not associate with Loren Feldman."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The video blog post was racist and offensive."} +{"dialogue":["When we lose sight of the importance of our Constitution and upholding our systems of justice, then we slide a little bit - not to sound dramatic, but we slide a little closer to anarchy. We in the criminal justice field have a moral, ethical and legal responsibility to uphold our systems of justice. And that's for the victims. I frankly don't really care about Jeffrey Epstein. But I care about our systems of justice, and these kinds of things just can't happen.","That's Cameron Lindsay. He's a former warden at three federal facilities, and he's been in top leadership posts and numerous others.","Mr. Lindsay, thanks so much for talking to us today.","Thank you very much, ma'am."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : We do not physically slide closer to anarchy - this is a metaphor "} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with engagement with your loved one."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : is to practice or prepare for a performance."} +{"dialogue":["In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.","So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?","Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D. to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.","Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : MIT should have taken responsibility and acted sooner to address the issue."} +{"dialogue":["Just quickly, what about men?","Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.","Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?","Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Opinions on gender differences are subjective and not absolute, hence should not be generalized to all men and women"} +{"dialogue":["Mr. Mayor, in the half a minute we have left, there a lot of people listening to you. A lot of people will be becoming familiar with Beaufort today. They might be moved to help. How can they?","Well, that's a great question. Let us do the initial damage assessment first. And again, I think the biggest thing right now is for those that did evacuate, please standby, be patient with us as we kind of blaze a path for you to return - a safe path for your return.","Rett Newton is the mayor of Beaufort, N. C. Mr. Mayor, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The listeners might be motivated to offer help."} +{"dialogue":["So you just said that hitting hospitals would be the primary target of any military operation. Did I understand you correctly?","That's perfectly correct. When there is an intent to displace people, then hospitals start to get targeted and in a pattern that's very predictable. We've seen it before in Aleppo. In addition to putting those hospitals in underground structures or in caves hospital (ph), we share the location, the coordinates of these hospitals with the U. N. agencies, with Russia, with the United States, as they both are leading the humanitarian task force in Syria.","So everybody is aware of the locations of those hospitals. And last week for example, going back to what's going on in Idlib, when you have 12 hospitals hit in a small area, when they're struck and they're damaged directly, you realize that this is beyond just collateral damage and beyond just a limited-scale operation.","Are these bombings of medical facilities that you describe causing the health care system, what's left of it, to collapse?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Military operations intentionally target hospitals during displacement of people."} +{"dialogue":["They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.","That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?","Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.","What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The new system was tried against the old and was found to be correct."} +{"dialogue":["Sarah M. Broom grew up in a yellow house in New Orleans East, 10 minutes from the French Quarter, the youngest of 12 children. The house was bought by her mother in 1961 and grew into something more than the family's home. It became its hearth and its center. But like many places in New Orleans, the earth below it was already sinking years before Hurricane Katrina hit.","The ground was fragile. And of course, that fragility is the thing I picked up on as a child when we were playing hide-and-go-seek, when we were playing ball in the yard, you know, we came up with all of these stories about the danger of the ground. And that becomes the thing that, in a way, haunts me.","Sarah M. Broom's debut book is called \"The Yellow House,\" and it's a memoir of a place that was hard in many ways but also indelible in the history of her family.","It was a house that I loved deeply, in fact. And I say that because I feel it's impossible to love any place, and to truly love it, to truly see it for what it is, without taking in all of its complexities and its nuances. And I also feel that way, by the way, about America, which I love deeply and am always interrogating, right?So the house created such complexity of emotion for me because it was the place my mother bought. And the house, at some point, really was in disrepair. It was falling down all around us. And even in those moments, my mother was always trying to fix it back up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The dangers of the ground is something the person remembers and thinks about a lot."} +{"dialogue":["Hello.","Hi. I don't even know where to begin this story. It is so crazy. I guess I'll note Britons who do seem to love a really deliciously gossipy trashy tabloid tell-all, maybe they were overdue for a good scandal.","I have to say we've really, really needed it. Britain is exhausted by Brexit and the constant doom and gloom. So it's no surprise that WAGatha Christie, as you mentioned in the introduction, has broken the Internet today. And the reason why it's called WAGatha Christie is that WAG or WAGs is an acronym commonly used here to refer to the wives and girlfriends of high-profile athletes. And two of the women involved in today's feud are two of the most high-profile WAGs in the country.","OK. The wives or girlfriends in question here are Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy. Who are these two women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The story is very different from stories people normally here"} +{"dialogue":["And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.","You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.","Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.","And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The military deployment has had a significant impact on the demographics of the town."} +{"dialogue":["And now we're going to move on to our broader Africa update. We'll look at upcoming elections on the Comoros Islands why South Africa says Chinese residents can now call themselves black. For more we've got Cassandra Waldon. She's chief of external communications at the United Nations Development Program. Hey Cassandra.","Hi Farai, great to be with you.","Always great to have you on. And let's actually start with another issue, which is the global food crisis. Africa's second most populous country, Ethiopia, is asking for emergency food aid. The government says more than four and a half million people are in desperate need of help because of a drought which struck most of the country earlier this year. So Cassandra, what makes this food crisis different from past ones?","Well I think this one is being exacerbated by the crisis of higher food prices that we've seen across the globe. We see in Ethiopia that you have children, as many as 75,000 kids, who are already acutely malnourished, now finding themselves deteriorating even further because of the drought and the lack of food that is available to them. We see that seasonal rains in Ethiopia have failed completely or are very poor in many parts of Ethiopia, and this is really hurting crop production, it means that farmers can't take care of their livestock. It is just a very devastating situation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The drought in Ethiopia is causing a devastating food crisis"} +{"dialogue":["And now, the EU countries, they're following suit on this.","That's right. I mean, you tend to sort of run out of superlatives these days. Indeed, when we look at the figures that are being available on the continent, Germany has approved a package of up to $680 billion, the French $500. The Spanish have set aside $130 billion.","Again, this sort of two-fold plan guaranteeing lending between banks, and taking stakes in financial institutions, similar to the United Kingdom. And again, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos for being upfront, and right in front of the curve for doing this first.","Any sign that lending is indeed going on?Can people borrow?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : EU countries are also taking action regarding the financial crisis."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I've read that you just - you know, you loved tinkering with cars from the time you were a teenager.","Yeah, ever since my dad can remember. He said I must've been about 4 or 5 years old, and there was somebody in the neighborhood working on the car. I was usually standing on the bumper, under the hood and pointing at things and wondering what things were and sometimes even giving my own opinion of what I thought was going on.","So from your teens into your 40s, you become an increasingly successful auto repair entrepreneur and businessman. What makes you, in your 40s, wind up in medical school?","I really wanted to grow the business or - I didn't really know exactly which direction I wanted to go into, but I felt like I needed some foundational training in business if I were to do this correctly. So I ended up checking out some local colleges to see who had a degree program and came across Ursuline College in Pepper Pike."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person loved working on cars from the time they were a teenager."} +{"dialogue":["You definitely - I mean, mosses definitely occur down there and hepatics, as well. But as far as I understand, there's a very limited flora down there. It's not like the Canadian Arctic, where we're in an Alpine sector of the Canadian High Arctic. So there's a lot of diversity, a lot of meso- and microhabitats for the bryophytes to survive in.","What would you - what would be a home run, a grand slam for you in this field?What would really you like to find?What would, you know, besides. . . ?","I think what would be really fascinating is that if you could go under a melting glacier that was 100,000, 150,000 years, maybe 200,000 years old, and you actually found macrofossils, what would be called macrofossils underneath the glacier and be able to rejuvenate them. That would be pretty amazing.","Yeah, about the mosses that you found. Are all mosses like this, or is this a particularly hardy species of moss that you've discovered in the ice there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They are asking what would be the best thing for the person to find."} +{"dialogue":["Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.","The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.","So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.","And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. So they did the - this is an amazing study and a beautiful video because of their research. They have really lovely time-lapse movies of cucumbers growing. And, you know, you think of plants as planted. . .","They stay there.",". . . stationary, kind of boring.","They don't move. Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Plants are immobile, unlike humans who move around."} +{"dialogue":["Excellent. How did all of this get started, this particular legend?","Well, it started with a legend in Mexico where two little children were working in their family garden. They were wishing for nice gifts from their parents, but they could not make up their mind what they really wanted, so all of a sudden, a fairy godmother appeared, and she granted them one wish and one wish only. So the kids thought and thought what they really, really wanted for Christmas. So, they finally decided and told their fairy godmother that their only wish for Christmas was that every child in Mexico and in the entire world would have a very merry Christmas.","So the fairy godmother was really, really surprised at this. These two little poor kids had said that is all that they would wish for. So the fairy godmother was really lost at what, you know, what she could really provide for them. She thought and thought, and finally she thought of Pancho Clause. Pancho Clause would bring joy and happiness to all the kids in Mexico and in the entire world, and this is how Pancho Clause was born.","So you dress up as Pancho Clause each year, what do you wear?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Pancho Clause was not literally born - it is just the origin of the legend. "} +{"dialogue":["Sometimes, small complaints can trigger absurdly large medical bills. We're joined now by Dr. Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of our partner Kaiser Health News, to talk about a bill to treat a toenail fungus and what happened next. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","The bill we're talking about is $1,469 for medication for a woman here in Washington, D. C. Tell me the story.","Well, Anne Soloviev went to her dermatologist just for a skin check. She didn't even realize she had a toenail problem. And the physician assistant who saw her said, oh, you have toenail fungus. Let us call in a prescription. And she thought, yeah, sure. Why not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The woman did not go to the dermatologist for a toenail problem, but was prescribed medication for it anyway"} +{"dialogue":["People are still debating 70 years later about whether or not FDR's New Deal actually corrected the Great Depression or whether it was World War II.","Finally, Mara, let's take a look ahead. What is next on the president's agenda?And what else will he be talking about and promoting in the weeks to come?","Well, he has the State of the Union, the big address to Congress next Tuesday. He has what's called a fiscal responsibility summit on Monday, which is kind of an extraordinary thing where he's going to be trying to explain to people how after he's increasing the deficit by trillions of dollars, how at some point in the future he's going to bring it down so that we don't basically become like a Banana Republic and inflate our way out of this mess.","In other words, the solution to the immediate crisis, which is deficit spending, is going to cause another problem that has to be solved down the road. He's also going to be rolling out his budget next week, which will have some parts of his health-care agenda on it. And of course, tomorrow, he will be talking about housing in Phoenix, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The effects of FDR's New Deal on the Great Depression are still controversial."} +{"dialogue":["There are plenty of great public colleges like UCLA. They used to be much cheaper than equally strong private colleges. But now the price of many public colleges is rising fast, and that leaves some high school students with little or no choice for higher education, including African-American students. So what options do you have if you want to get an education but don't want to run up years' worth of student loans?We'll ask economist and author Dr. Julianne Malveaux; she is the president of Bennett College. Hi, Dr. Malveaux.","Hi Farai, how are you?","I'm great. Across the country, though, public and state universities are reporting anywhere from a 5 to 8 percent tuition increase for the upcoming year. Why is that?","Costs are rising. If you are running a college, you are looking at energy costs, you are looking at the same costs that the rest of the nation is looking at. And so people are raising tuitions to go along with that. Some of us are not. Bennett College's tuition has been stable for the last three years. We are not raising tuition this year. But many colleges are looking at the costs and saying, we've got to meet it. In addition, frankly, there have been years where colleges have not raised costs, and now people are trying to catch up. In some state universities, people have not seen raises in two or three years, they have seen pay freezes, and so now we are trying to catch up. Lots of people are trying to catch up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The reason behind the increase in tuition fees for public and state universities is not because of the lack of money but because of the rising costs."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's very difficult to verify independently because some of the information he claims to be from within the inner circle of those around President Mugabe, but certainly it creates a lot of interest and in some cases, some of his predictions have come to pass in ways that really points to credibility on the part of this character.","For example, he had warned that individuals within the ruling party were plotting to kill a former minister of parliament, Edward Chindori-Chininga, and indeed within a week this official died in a suspicious car accident.","Now, I mean, saying that almost any politician of any prominence other than President Mugabe is vulnerable to being killed mysteriously, wouldn't that be a truism in Zimbabwe?","Yes, it is, but particularly if you look at the tensions in the countries we approach elections that will be held on July 31. So, yes, that is true."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The information this mysterious character provides is likely to be accurate and can be trusted."} +{"dialogue":["Even though the Jews lived with the Poles for 1,000 years. And today, the history of the Jews and the Jewish experience is not really considered Polish experience.","I'd like to talk about the new Polish law which prohibits using the phrase Polish death camps. What does that mean for you as a guide and as a historian?","I think this is not really the biggest concern that we have regarding this law. There are many organizations. There are many institutions. There are many wonderful people who've been trying to fight against using this expression Polish death camps. The point is, however, that this - and this is what we are really concerned about - that this new law will possibly suppress genuine research and also open discussion about the truth and whether we are allowed to talk about our dark past openly.","What is the truth?What is the truth that you study and that you have talked about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Jewish experience is not considered Polish experience"} +{"dialogue":["And it's most importantly for us, combined with great food, great food and dining experiences. And as more of our culture gets into more of the artsy and fine wine and fine dining experiences, wine is more of a part of that for all cultures.","Do you ever find people saying to you, OK, it's great that you do this, but your world is so on another planet. And what you do is so ridiculously specialized, I can't even talk to you because I don't know what you're talking about?","Definitely find less and less that. I think everybody in our - the mystique of wine and the exclusivity of wine, those barriers have been broken down, to a large degree, and people are less and less afraid to try wine and to have fun with it themselves.","They ask questions about some of the technical aspects of it. We're very fortunate as a family, and the other members of the African-American Association of Vintners are also from various backgrounds, and they get the same kind of questions that we do. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People feel intimidated by the specialized wine culture."} +{"dialogue":["It did. There's no doubt that people said, look, it's kind of like the Oklahoma land rush. We're going to rush out over the human genome, stake our claims, have patent protection. It gives us an incentive to go out there and look through the vast number of genes that make up us and figure out whether we can find disease correlations and so on. That said, that was kind of the old model, Scott. The newer way to go at this is to change those genes - try to insert a gene, alter a gene.","This is the synthetic material.","That's the synthetic side. And that's where the action is now. It's not, you know, the companies that were out there doing what I'm calling the turf grabs across the genome, in a way I think their work is over and the action is going to be on the synthetic side.","Which I think to repeat - what we said when introducing you - that's legally fine, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The companies were not grabbing turf but claiming things as their own."} +{"dialogue":["I understand, Mr. Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The people who were part of the Watergate investigation team still held onto their youthful idealism."} +{"dialogue":["I felt that way, sometimes the way she looked at me. But you know, writing this book, I also discovered her vulnerability, that despite her domineering personality, she suffered all her life from a lack, her own mother having died when she was so very young; her first husband, with whom she was so much in love on the first night of their wedding, discovering that he was going to die of a disease that he had never told her about before their wedding. And she always wanted to be a public woman, an independent woman, and that dream was never fulfilled. So, I realized how much she tried to invest in me. And that put a great burden on me, but in some ways, she gave a lot in order for me to become independent and to fulfill her dream in a sense. So, finishing this book, I feel maybe I was not as much as a disappointment as I sometimes feel I was.","And where was your father in this, in all this?I mean, you write in your book that you were very, very close with him. And I'm just wondering, you have this very intense, tortured relationship with your mother. . .","Yeah.","And where is your father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite her domineering personality, she suffered from a lack"} +{"dialogue":["Well, it certainly, was fine with you because I'm reading from your book here. This is what you said about non-African-American writers. Quote, \"I have learned over the years as much about African-American life from non-African-American writers as I have from African-Americans. \"That's interesting.","Yeah, I've read some very important books. I mean, there've been some very important scholars in my field which I deal with African-American studies. There've been some very important non-African-Americans who have written in that field and - who've done tremendous, pioneering work in that field and who were important. And I've learned a great deal from them as a result. I feel no reason to discriminate against them in any way. I remembered that John Hope Franklin once told me that in the south African-American colleges he said were he called - were integrated so he called them, these islands of civility. I like to think that the volumes that we're putting out are sort of islands of civility where, you know, lots of people can, you know, be shoulder to shoulder.","Gerald Early, thank you very much. Good luck with this project.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : No actual islands, but small groups of people that acted civilly toward one another surrounded by large groups that did not."} +{"dialogue":["And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller.","And you hit it, and off of the equator of this rapidly spinning muffin comes this stuff, and it's mostly Earth's mantle.","Little muffin that becomes the moon."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The moon was formed from the Earth's mantle."} +{"dialogue":["You really take us through every single phase of a relationship.","I went through every single phase in the writing of this thing, so. . .","Yeah.","Yeah. Yeah. I went through a breakup with a longtime, like, best friend. And it was, for the first time in my adult years, really in a place where I didn't have anyone to text after the show to be like, it went great or, like, I tripped. But, like, it was a strange sort of loneliness. And I wanted the songs to show that because I felt like I was going to feel less lonely by sharing in a way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The author wrote songs to show that sharing can help with loneliness."} +{"dialogue":["Hi. And I suppose I should say congratulations.","Yes, thank you. It's exciting.","Exciting, as you say, but what was different this time?- because the Green Party has been around for a while in Germany.","Well, on the surface, the topic of climate change and the demonstration of young people - the so-called Fridays for Future, where students skipped their classes and went demonstrating, demanding that the politicians start listening to them in terms of climate policies - this got traction among their parents, among their grandparents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The topic of climate change and the Fridays for Future movement mobilized a wider demographic."} +{"dialogue":["Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?","With that kind of teaser, how could I not?","OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr. Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The story titled 'rectum in a jar' has a moral to it"} +{"dialogue":["Constitutional?","I think across the board. This is emblematic of the broader problem that we face, which is Congress not doing its job in pushing off issues that the American people want to adjudicate to the president who then uses dubious authorities to do things that he couldn't otherwise do. It's about the very basis, the very nature of our regime.","What effect do you think this declaration of national emergency might have on that?","I think it makes everybody just a little more cynical, right?Here we have a situation where Congress has been facing this issue for months. We had the longest shutdown in American history. And they chose not to do anything about it. So far as I can tell, people who opposed the wall didn't try to win that debate. People who supported the war didn't try to win that debate. And the president didn't seem to be overly interested in trying to win that debate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power"} +{"dialogue":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Life should be lived in the moment rather than for posterity."} +{"dialogue":["When you look at what the U. S. walks away from this summit with, was it a success from the U. S. point of view?","Well, the one thing - yes, obviously the president, I think, was happy. The president was happy to have been celebrated in the way he was celebrated. Clearly he repeated the mantra of, you know, this imperial visit was the first and most important thing in 200 years.","But I think it's also true that on Iran, they may have gotten a little bit of assistance from Mr. Abe. He offered to mediate. He's going to be visiting in Iran. And Mr. Abe and Mr. Trump both said nobody wanted war; nobody wanted rising conflict. And that may be helpful to the president, who has tried to put the damper just a little bit on the kind of drumbeat that looks like the United States and Iran could end up in a military conflict.","That's Sheila Smith of the Council on Foreign Relations. She's also author of the book \"Japan Rearmed. \"Sheila Smith, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter) Well, listen. This was an amazing victory for Alabama. It was a victory, I think, for decency - common decency. And it shows that Alabama was willing to put principle over party. I was very excited that my district overperformed. And I was particularly excited about the African-American turnout. You know, I think that people understood that the stakes were high. This administration has had a negative effect on our community. It's reversing a lot of the Obama-era progress that we've made. And I'm just very pleased that people showed up and showed out.","Was the role of women especially important?","Absolutely. You know, it was shown that Doug received 57 percent of all female votes. And that included 98 percent of the African-American women vote. The issues that matter most to my district affect the family and affect our children. And so I think that you really saw a major outpouring of women, especially African-American women, in this election.","On the other hand, as there always is with those journalists, Roy Moore was an especially polarizing figure, even among Republicans. Do you draw any significance from what you were able to accomplish in this election with what you think Democrats ought to be doing for 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The listener asks whether women played a crucial role in the election."} +{"dialogue":["And a lot of people might ask, how are you measuring innovation and creativity?","Well, most people measure innovation typically by looking at rates of patenting. Now people have become to track the number of start-up companies emerging in urban centers or the venture capital. And the good news is that cities are upping the ante. New York now, Manhattan is the second highest center for venture capital-backed start-up companies behind only Silicon Valley. But the other caution I wanted to make, and I think you know and folks listening know I'm a dyed-in-the-wool urbanist, that also places like Silicon Valley, which are somewhat car-dependent, can work. They can emulate many of the functions of the city.","So as we begin to build denser cities, the key is not just piling up people in buildings higher and higher and higher and creating vertical suburbs where people just interact in the building, it's to build cities that can be dense, that can have multi-story buildings, that can be close together. But having that interaction is a key part of keeping our cities innovation and creative not only here but in those emerging economies around the world.","Is there a difference in expense as well?Some of those older buildings in New York, hardly any place in Manhattan that anyone would describe as cheap, but they're less expensive in SoHo or Chelsea than they are in one of those big high-rise buildings in Midtown."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Measuring innovation and creativity is not limited to patenting and also includes the number of start-up companies and venture capital."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. Certain pigments, for instance, fade. Certain pigments can become lighter or darker. You have to see it a little bit like in a hospital. You know, a patient goes in with a problem. There's a lot of different kinds of research done in order to make the proper diagnosis. And then there's a sort of a treatment plan presented. And then the actual operation may not be that extensive. I mean, that is actually the goal - to do as little as possible with the largest effect.","Operation Night Watch is going to be free for the public to see.","To follow, yeah - to follow.","Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The public can view Operation Night Watch for free."} +{"dialogue":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Prisoners are not treated with basic human rights in jail despite being convicted"} +{"dialogue":["Different things. Some people have heard of the Ig Nobel Prize, many have not. To some of them - there have been some winners who have been waiting for it for years. More typically they're not quite sure what it is. Our standard policy, which - it has a few twists now and then. But in general, when we've chosen somebody, we will quietly get in touch with them, offer them the prize and give them the opportunity to quietly to decline the honor. And if they say no, that's fine, that's it. We never mention it. We don't even keep records. We give it to somebody else. But happily for us, not many people decline. Almost everybody accepts.","And some of them - do they actually go on to win the real Nobel Prize?","That's happened at least once. In the year 2000, we gave the Ig Nobel Prize in psychics to two physicists in England, Andre Geim and Michael Berry, who were, and are, quite eminent physicists. They won the Ig Nobel Prize that year for using magnets to levitate a frog. I don't know if you've seen the videos on the Web of that.","Yeah, yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Winners of Ig Nobel Prize are eager to receive it"} +{"dialogue":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The G8 leaders see themselves as rulers of the planet."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.","And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.","I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.","Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts"} +{"dialogue":["Hey, how are you?","I am great. So, first of all we keep using the phrase G8. What is the G8?","The Group of Eight, which was for many years the Group of Seven, are the eight largest economies on the planet. So, the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia are, for example, G8 countries.","So, when people from these nations meet, and talk about an African agenda, what do they bring to the table, and what's on the table this time around?","Well, I'll try not to give you a cynical answer, but basically the Group of Eight meet to discuss the world's economy, for the most part that's what they're supposed to be talking about. But over the last number of years there's been greater attention to the question of Africa, and issues of economic development. And there's been a lot of pressure on the Group of Eight, to come forward with financial assistance, changes in the relationship - economic relationships, in order to promote development. And so, once again that came to the table this time in addition to sort of a review of what the G8 has accomplished and not accomplished towards reducing poverty."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The G8 is a group of countries discussing the world's economy and development, not just seven or eight countries"} +{"dialogue":["But not far behind is the idea which really threatens the foreign service that has served this country pretty well over the years - that senior diplomats should be part of that political agenda. And if they don't, they have to get out of the way. Their careers will be curtailed. And a lot of these people, you know, are now serving at research institutes and universities around town because they are not being used. And that, therefore, is the message that it looks like they are sending.","So play ball or get out.","Play ball or get out. And then to find out on top of that the president is willing to disparage you and threaten, you know, things that might be coming your way; and on top of that, it now appears that the secretary of state was listening in on that call and, rather than defending his people, said nothing and did nothing and pretended like nothing happened and looked like he's part of it. And, you know, it takes a long time to build up an organization like this, but it can be destroyed very quickly. And I'm afraid that that's the direction in which we're going.","Philip Gordon, thank you so much for sharing your perspective."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","This study was conducted by some FDA researchers. Can you tell us more about what they found?","They found that some of the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen - oxybenzone, avobenzone - was absorbed through the skin. But they did not make a determination about whether or not that meant health effects - health side effects from that absorption.","You were behind Consumer Reports' extensive ranking of sunscreens. So in light of this news, how should we think about our choice of sunscreen?What should we look for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Sunscreen ingredients can be absorbed by the skin, but the health effects are still unknown"} +{"dialogue":["I've gotten almost universally positive feedback. People were really encouraging me and just being much kinder than I would have expected or hoped for. The kinds of people who read it - I don't know. I guess a lot of lawyers, a lot of journalists who keep up with the court.","Yeah. I mean, the Supreme Court is definitely paying attention. You got to visit at the invitation of Justice Neil Gorsuch's clerk, and you shot some hoops on the famed Supreme Court basketball court. Is that true?","That was very nice of that clerk to do. He had seen my blog and then sent me an email asking if I'd ever had a Supreme Court tour before. And yes, I did get to shoot a basket in the highest court in the land. I kind of thought it was a joke. I'd heard about it before, but it's very real. And it took me many tries to make a layup.","So in your blog, you've interviewed - and here's an NPR plug - our own national justice correspondent Carrie Johnson. So what kind of articles are you hosting on your site?And who's writing them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Not feedback from everyone in the universe but a wide variety of people on the planet giving feedback."} +{"dialogue":["It takes a whole lot of land to produce meat. If you think about it this way, imagine around the globe all of the crop land out there - one-third of it is used to grow food not for people but for animals. It's animal feed. And when you combine the land needed to graze animals and feed them, this is just a whole lot. The World Resources Institute has estimated that for every gram of protein, producing beef can require 20 times the land and emit 20 times the emissions compared to what it takes to produce beans.","So are there certain types of meat that are better in terms of environmental footprint?Or basically is the suggestion that we should not be eating meat?","There are definitely better choices, and it does not have to be all or nothing. I just mentioned cows and other ruminants. They require a lot of land and feed. But they also release a lot of methane into the atmosphere. Every time these animals belch, a bit of methane goes up into the atmosphere. Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.","So from an environmental perspective, options such as chicken and turkey can be better. It takes less animal feed to produce meat from these animals. They grow faster. They require less land. So when it comes to reducing the environmental footprint of your diet, you don't have to completely give up meat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Producing beef has a significant impact on the environment."} +{"dialogue":["It was incredibly emotional. I mean, it was nearly midnight on what was supposed to be the last day of session. We filed this bill in February and struggled all session long just to get a hearing. And so for it to come down to the wire in this way, while states were passing these bans all around us, it just became so imperative and so frightening in many ways that what you're seeing there is relief.","That's Kelly Cassidy, Illinois state representative and sponsor of the state's Reproductive Health Act, protecting access to abortion. The bill has passed the Illinois State Legislature and now goes to Governor J. B. Pritzker, who is expected to sign it.","Thank you very much for being with us.","Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It did not come to a wire but came down to the last moment of the session."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, that was easy. Planet Fitness was the best job actually because I could do my little squats behind the desk. There was always time to just like mess around and just do whatever.","But Uber seems like that would offer a lot of storytelling possibilities.","Oh, my gosh, it did.","Do you think we'll find some of that in your songs at some point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Uber job was interesting and provided inspiration for songwriting"} +{"dialogue":["About a year ago, my husband started getting Facebook friend invitations from like every girl he ever went to school with, and it seemed as if half of them confessed crushes on him.","Lissa Soep quickly figured out social networking sites not only allowed her to get back in touch with people - her husband could reconnect with folks from his past, too. But it turns out that's not all bad.","These were girls frozen in his memory with teenage breasts, AP English minds, and a sense that anything was possible. Like this one girl from seventh grade. She friended my husband on Facebook and then reminisced about the day his family moved away. She put on her favorite dress, painted her nails purple, and worked up all her courage to hug him goodbye. Isn't that so funny, she wrote. How silly we are as kids?","You think I'd be mad or at least threatened by all this nostalgia, but I wasn't. For a split second, at least, my husband was less familiar to me, and I mean that in a good way. With so many people my age riding Facebook like a time machine to our past lives and loves, you might expect the site would be breaking up marriages or at least unleashing all sorts of digital infidelity. Some of that is happening."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : His memory had these girls staying the way they were and not changing into what they are now. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, for the pilot test, for example, if we want to have a continuous ring, we don't actually have them uniformly distributed around the globe. For example we don't need the same density over the middle of the Pacific Ocean as we do over Christ Church itself. But by steering them and planning, you can have them appear in the right density in the sky over the places that need coverage.","And where - would those - those are under-covered places around the world. Where are the prime places for that?","There's lots of places. In the Southern Hemisphere alone, two-thirds of the countries, the cost of Internet access is higher than the average monthly income for people in those countries. Even in China and India, there's over a billion people that don't have good Internet coverage. So I think there's lots of places around the world where there's sort of remote and rural areas that don't have coverage, or it's unaffordable.","So would you have to keep relaunching new balloons as these go down just to keep that ring going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is not a test for pilots but a trial, first test to see how the system works."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?","Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.","And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.","Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Food is the most important think for each any every human."} +{"dialogue":["So having become an overnight success after what 35, 40 years of writing poetry, you've also gotten opportunities. Tell us a little bit about \"At War With Ourselves. \"","Oh, my goodness. Well. . .",". . . I was sitting in my car one day, and I got a phone call from the University of Maryland. And they were - they are one of the four schools that has been chosen to celebrate the sesquicentennial end of the Civil War. And the call - the caller told me that they had already commissioned the Kronos Quartet to be a part of this celebration and that they also wanted to invite the amazing musician Terence Blanchard and Nikky Finney to be a part of whatever we were going to create to honor the end of the Civil War, and would I be interested in joining this band of beautiful musicians.","And I forgot that the windows were rolled up in the car and I, you know, the temperature went from - I don't know - 90 to 130. And I just raised my hand to the opportunity."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years."} +{"dialogue":["One of the reporters who's been digging into this story is Dustin Volz of The Wall Street Journal, who joins us in our studio. Thanks so much for coming in.","Good to be here. Thank you.","And let's begin with what you've learned about - I guess it was the president's phone call in July to Ukraine's new president, Zelensky.","That's correct. So we reported yesterday on Friday that President Trump had a phone call in July, sort of a congratulatory call in many ways. But during that, he told the new president of Ukraine - we're told about eight times - to look into the Biden family amid sort of ongoing allegations, unfounded, that there are some sort of corruption concerns there with the 2020 candidate Joe Biden and his son Hunter, who served as a board - on the board of a Ukrainian gas company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It does not seem clear on whether Trump made the phone call or received it "} +{"dialogue":["It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.","All right, Dr. Greenwald, thank you very much.","Thank you, Ira.","Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The unconscious bias against certain groups of people can be a hidden problem that people are not aware of, yet still have an effect on their behavior and attitudes."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you for having me.","So first, let me ask, you know, how bad is the outbreak?How many people have died?And what did you see as you traveled into the countryside?","At the moment, there have been 600 confirmed and suspected cases according to the ministry of health. You know, the biggest worry is that the virus or the disease is spreading slowly or down south to Goma, which is the regional capital in eastern Congo. If Ebola hits Goma, then there are real fears that the crisis could spread globally because the city sits on the border with Rwanda. And it also has an international airport. And, you know, international organizations like the WHO have already started kind of contingency plans by setting up a treatment center there and vaccinating future frontline workers.","Now, as you traveled, you found that these regional militias known as the Mai-Mai were really interfering with the health workers, and the health workers sort of had to negotiate in order to be able to get to people to help them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The health workers had to use tactics to convince the Mai-Mai to let them access people in need of help."} +{"dialogue":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The good feelings between the president and fox news seems to be over."} +{"dialogue":["Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?","Judge Ellis is a judge who is - likes to run a clean and efficient trial. He doesn't like trials to veer off - off course. In other words, he wants the parties to present the evidence that the jurors need to hear to render a decision. Along the way, he's active - maybe more active than other judges. He can be difficult to both parties, and he can be stern.","Is there any reason for either side to worry that there could be grounds for an appeal in his conduct so far?","I'd say no. The standard for a judge's behavior that would - in other words, that would rise to the level of an appellate issue - is fairly high. In essence, it has to be a situation where the judge is substituting - the effect of his conduct is to substitute his judgment for that of the jurors. Comments that he makes to counsel can be solved with a curative instruction. We saw that a couple of days ago.","Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Judge Ellis is a strict judge who likes to run a tight ship."} +{"dialogue":["Lettuce is an incredibly water-intensive crop. And the relationship with climate change and drought. . .","And even gender.","Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.","So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Iceberg has a place in society and the contruction of it."} +{"dialogue":["The main concern is retaliation. We go back to a period where countries didn't coordinate. That was very much the case in the 1930s. If I slap a tariff on you, you don't like that, and you slap a tariff on me, and we're both worse off. That's why after World War II, we had multilateral negotiations to get rid of that problem.","And now we are at risk of going back to the previous period during the Great Depression when people didn't coordinate their trade policy and everyone ended up being worse off. And I think that's the concern. The international architecture, the institutional framework for doing trade policy might just break down, and it might become much more national or bilateral.","Professor Dennis Novy of the University of Warwick, thank you so much for speaking with us.","My pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Countries imposing tariffs on each other leads to mutual harm, hence the need for multilateral negotiations"} +{"dialogue":["I learned it from you, actually. yeah.","So if you're listening - donate blood, donate plasma, and you can save someone's life by being a live liver donor.","And as is written in both - I'm sorry (laughter) - oh, as it's written in both the Quran and the Talmud, he who saves one life. . .","It's as if you save humankind. So Shawn and his family have saved my daughter's life. My life belongs to them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The father is extremely grateful to the donor and the donor's family."} +{"dialogue":["It's definitely been a massive industry for Georgia in the last 10 years because about a decade ago is when they instituted these new, very generous, lucrative tax incentives which gives productions up to 30% back depending on how much they spend and whether they're willing to put a Georgia peach logo in their credits and that sort of thing. But it's really significant money back for these major studios in Hollywood.","And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Georgia's film industry has had a massive economic impact."} +{"dialogue":["The director of the U. S. Census Bureau, John H. Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S. Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr. Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census could have implications for the accuracy and reliability of the census results."} +{"dialogue":["So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?","Yeah. Well, the United States itself, we have this dubious honor of sitting right in the collision zone between really cold air masses coming down from Canada and moist, warm air that comes up from the Gulf of Mexico. And so the well-known Tornado Alley is a convergence zone, couple that with the position of jet stream and other factors that we as meteorologists look for, a dry, mid-layer or wind sheer, and you have the perfect ingredients for tornadoes.","Most tornadoes affect the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. And in fact, there is another alley we call Dixie Alley because if you look at a map of climatological occurrence of tornadoes, there are areas in the South as well that seemed to get quite a few tornadoes. But certainly this region, as you were leading into the story, was an area that we would've expected tornadoes for May 20th based on climatology.","Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They want to k now why some parts of the countries have twisters a lot."} +{"dialogue":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N. official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The situation is horrifying because no safety measures have been put in place for the return of the Rohingya."} +{"dialogue":["Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?","We've met.","I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.","Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Pat Cipollone has become well known and is making a great deal of money."} +{"dialogue":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite being one of the wealthiest countries, people are struggling to make ends meet."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. If you've ever heard stories about people who win the lotto, their lives are in inalterably changed by that. It's a hard thing to imagine. And for NPR and The Salvation Army, these huge gifts - and it's important to point out that The Salvation Army got close to 10 times more than NPR did - it was challenging.","How do you continue to reach out to donors when you've received this windfall?In the case of NPR, how do you explain, in this complex matrix that we've got of member stations in the network, how the money will get dispersed?In the case of The Salvation Army, Joan asked for recreation centers to be built all around the country. But The Salvation Army really wasn't equipped to do that. It had done it once in San Diego, where Joan lived, but it wasn't something that was in their wheelhouse, so to speak.","So yeah, it's a terrible burden. It's a wonderful one, but it was complicated for both organizations.","How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : dispersed terrible burden How fair or accurate is the idea"} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Duncan Hunter had extramarital affairs while serving in Congress"} +{"dialogue":["The Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi continues to oppose proceeding with impeachment, and there's no law that says she has to go forward if a majority of her caucus wants it. And something that you do hear in the nuance of these statements from members of the House is they're not putting a lot of pressure on the speaker. They're not vocally opposing her strategy, going after her. They're saying this is where they are personally, and, in fact, she's given them permission to do so. But they're not saying, you know, the leadership is wrong, and we've got to push this through. So there is some patience, I think, that allows the speaker to continue to move the process forward.","So she is still the engineer.","She is. I. . .","But not necessarily plotting the course. I told you this analogy would be hard to take.","(Laughter) Well, she has very firm control over the caucus of House Democrats. And, so far, they have deferred to her, even if they differ with her on where this train, as you put it, is likely to end up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : House Democrats have been deferring to Pelosi's leadership despite some disagreement"} +{"dialogue":["There are politicians from a wide variety of political parties that complain that the prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is an Arab Shiite, that he has simply too much power. And critics have taken to calling him a dictator on TV over the last week. They're comparing his style of governance to Saddam Hussein. And they're basically holding up ratification and calling for a reform proposal that would curb many of Nouri al-Maliki's powers.","Meanwhile, Maliki's advisers are accusing these parties of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a way to twist the prime minister's arm. They're calling this a desperate ploy for rival politicians to try to win popular support from the Iraq people.","So, Ivan, what are the prospects now for this status of forces agreement?It's intended to replace a U. N. mandate which governs U. S. troops being there. It's set to expire at the end of this year.","Well, that raises a lot of questions. The Iraqi prime minister has said he will not extend the United Nations mandate. The U. S. has threatened, from what we're hearing from some Iraqi lawmakers, to begin withdrawal immediately."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The U.S. is using the threat of immediate withdrawal to pressure Iraq into extending the United Nations mandate"} +{"dialogue":["Hello.","What's going on in your city?","Well, what's going on in my city is a similar dynamic of what's taking place in other cities across the United States right now. We've had 130 percent increase in homicides related to arguments and fights between individuals or groups unrelated to other criminal activity. They've got easy access to firearms. We've seen all of these cities have seen many more shots fired at each individual incident. Some places it's a fight over synthetic drug markets. So there are a number of variables, but they all revolve around a fairly narrow slice of these advantage communities that is very concerning.","Chief Flynn, not so long ago, you were getting credit for a low homicide rate. What changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened."} +{"dialogue":["We have what are called the three amigos. And the three amigos are Secretary Perry, again, Ambassador Volker and myself. And we've been tasked with sort of overseeing the Ukraine-U. S. relationship.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And mind you that all this is happening even as Trump and his officials are in the process of ousting the U. S. ambassador to the Ukraine, who Trump recently called bad news.","What kind of reputation has Sondland built during his brief time as a diplomat?","ORDO\u00d1EZ: You know, in some ways, Sondland is kind of like Trump. He's a businessman. He made his name in the hotel industry. People I spoke to said he has kind of a similar brash personality - a wheeler, a dealer, someone with a lot of confidence. He's kind of a larger-than-life character. When he hosted an Independence Day celebration in Brussels, he actually brought in Jay Leno as entertainment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person makes a great many large financial deals and is loud and confident."} +{"dialogue":["And has the difficulties of the rebel forces, the defeat in Qusair, the prospect of a bigger defeat in Aleppo, has that concentrated minds on, well, we ought to get unified, otherwise we're going to be in serious trouble.","You would think, but it appears not yet. This is a very chaotic movement. The Free Syrian Army is a brand. It is not an army. And I have been reading accounts of the supreme military commander General Salim Idris, who is the Americans' favorite choice - the choice for funneling arms to the rebels. He was elected by commanders in December. His power on the ground is very limited.","It's certainly in Northern Syria. It is the radical Islamist brigades that have the most weapons, the most power, the most training. He is trying to build a force there hoping that the weapons that come to him from the Americans will give him some power that he - I read today that he had a meeting with commanders who were yelling at him. When you get these weapons, put them on TV so that we all know that they've arrived and then we'll have a transparent system. And he said, wait. In the military, you have to have secrets.","I'm not putting the weapons on TV. So you seen that he - I mean, I don't mean to laugh, but I. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Not arms that are funneled but weapons that are provided to them."} +{"dialogue":["For people who can't see it, can you describe what things look like right now and some - the actions the Corps is taking on a daily basis to address it?","You know, sometimes it is hard to describe. You know, you're driving down roads that were normally - there might be 50 or a hundred yards to the river. Suddenly, the river is, you know, 10 or 15 yards from where your car is or, you know, where you typically are running for physical training is now underwater.","And in terms of the levees themselves, when you walk the levees, you know, typically, where the water might be 20, 25 feet away from the top of the levee, maybe now it's within five or six feet. So when you see what, you know, a couple hundred thousand cubic feet per second of water looks like rolling down the Arkansas River and it's within feet of the bridges, whether they're pedestrian or vehicular, you know, sometime there used to be 20 feet of clearance, it's pretty awe-inspiring.","What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The flooding is so severe that familiar landmarks are unrecognizable."} +{"dialogue":["OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?","Well, workers are now being forced to live off of $250 a week in strike pay. That is not enough to cover many of their bills. For many of them, they're in a tight spot financially. But most people I've talked to are still very committed to the strike, say that this is something that needed to happen. They say they want protections for temporary workers, and they're willing to hold out, at least for now. And so that's what I'm hearing on the line.","I want to make sure that I understand this argument about temporary workers. This is essentially temps who are being hired in a way that they're actually permanent workers, but they're just not paid the same and not protected the same way as a full-time UAW member and full-time GM employee?","Yeah. The pay is less. The pay is less than $16 an hour, which is not a whole lot more than, say, an Amazon warehouse worker would make. And temporary workers can be basically fired at any time. They don't have long-term protections. And so what the rank-and-file members that have more permanent status, have higher wage, say is that this is just no way for a person to live, no way for a worker to live."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The members that follow the rules and never go on strike have better status."} +{"dialogue":["You know, one of the things - you know, getting back to your book, \"The National Team\" - one of the things that your book makes clear and what some people frankly might find shocking is just how early these issues started for women's soccer. I mean, there's something almost like on every other page about this. I'll just read one one paragraph. (Reading) While each player on the men's team got a $10,000 bonus for qualifying for the 1990 World Cup, the women received only a couple of T-shirts for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup. The shirts featured the logo of Budweiser, a U. S. Soccer sponsor. The players sarcastically call them their $5,000 T-shirts.","(Laughter).","OK. I just, you know - how has this been justified through the years?","You have to admire the sense of humor that the players had about it. You know, I think it would be unfair to sit here and say that it hasn't improved. But U. S. Soccer - the women's national team started in 1985. The players were given uniforms that were clearly, like, leftover men's uniforms. And?The players before the first ever U. S. Women's National Team game were up the night before sewing and cutting their uniforms so they would fit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite being the champions, the female players were not given the same bonus as the male players, showing the inequality in the sport industry."} +{"dialogue":["But writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that they have been able to trace back the origins of viticulture in France to about 500 BC, using a combination of archaeological detective work and biomolecular approaches in the lab. And one of the men who's been studying the origins of winemaking for many years, the man some people call the Indiana Jones of wine, is Patrick McGovern, scientific director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia.","He's authored many books, including \"Ancient Wine: A Search for the Origins of Viniculture,\" \"Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages. \"He joins us this week. Welcome.","Hello, Ira, nice to talk to you.","Why do they call you the Indiana Jones of. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Why do they call the person an adventurist risk taker?"} +{"dialogue":["Two and four.","What happens when school comes along?","That is the million dollar question in so many cities. My wife is extremely active in the local schools and extremely supportive of our extremely local schools right next to our house, which are, as we speak, being shut down and consolidated and struggling. But that is why a lot of people are leaving the city because they see a better school system, even as D. C. 's improves. In many inner cities, schools improve, they see a better system just outside of town. So, we happen to be in with our two kids an excellent charter school. The downside there though, and this is a very interesting discussion, is that we not have a bit of a commute. My wife typically drives our kids to school. And she says, you know, I didn't move to the city to be a suburban commuter.","It strikes me. Towards the end of your book you have this beautiful section about a beautiful urban vision of - a lot of people remember - Mary Tyler Moore walking the streets of Minneapolis - and you're going to - and throwing her hat up in the air.","Yep. Mary Tyler Moore brings up a couple of really interesting things. The most interesting discussion is - I mean, what TV shows did I watch when I was a kid?\"Gilligan's Island,\" \"Partridge Family,\" \"Brady Bunch\". . .","Well, say what you will about \"Gilligan's Island. \"That was a walkable environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 5 : (6) Implies an appreciation and admiration of \"Gilligan's Island\" as a walkable environment."} +{"dialogue":["Hi, Alex.","So, Barack Obama doesn't actually take office for about two more months. So is it fair to call Mumbai a test for him?","Well, obviously the tremendous economic crisis the country's going through is something that threatens to derail Obama's train before it leaves the station in terms of his inauguration on January 20th. But Alex, when you think about the terrorist attack in Mumbai, what you have is a situation where this has been identified by the American public as a potential point of weakness. The Bush administration has also said that when it comes to vulnerability, there's a pattern with terrorists identifying moments of political transition as prime for attacks. So in so many ways, this is a test for the president-elect, and what we've seen so far is the president-elect being quite aware of it. He had a briefing from Secretary of State Rice on Thanksgiving Day over the phone on the situation. They have established a team of people from the Obama transition team to interact with the State Department operation center. So right now, Barack Obama, I think, is finding himself having to be a quick study, but a quick study with so much on the line - literally the safety of the world.","And Juan, what is the protocol here for how a president-elect handles a situation like this while there is still a current president in office?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Obama is being tested to see if he is capable of successfully managing a crisis."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. That was something that I really loved about this script, actually, when it came in was the World War I element of the movie. It's depicted very realistically and shows the - you know, the horrendous elements of that war. But also, it - because of him suffering from trench fever, it has this hallucinatory element to it whereby you're kind of getting glimpses into his dark imagination and what he might have actually been witnessing instead of the reality around him at that time.","Yeah, the battlefield becomes kind of Middle-earth's Mordor in many ways.","Yeah, yeah, completely, which - I mean, he always said that that war wasn't an allegory for his work and the lands he created. But at the same time, I mean, obviously you're always influenced by experiences like that.","What do you do when you go into a biopic like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The battlefield becomes very fantasy like instead of realistic due to the fever."} +{"dialogue":["The Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi continues to oppose proceeding with impeachment, and there's no law that says she has to go forward if a majority of her caucus wants it. And something that you do hear in the nuance of these statements from members of the House is they're not putting a lot of pressure on the speaker. They're not vocally opposing her strategy, going after her. They're saying this is where they are personally, and, in fact, she's given them permission to do so. But they're not saying, you know, the leadership is wrong, and we've got to push this through. So there is some patience, I think, that allows the speaker to continue to move the process forward.","So she is still the engineer.","She is. I. . .","But not necessarily plotting the course. I told you this analogy would be hard to take.","(Laughter) Well, she has very firm control over the caucus of House Democrats. And, so far, they have deferred to her, even if they differ with her on where this train, as you put it, is likely to end up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : She is not necessarily the one that is making the decisions with the impeachment."} +{"dialogue":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Taking warnings seriously and evacuating can help protect yourself and your family in a dangerous area."} +{"dialogue":["How - let me just change gears because the title of your book is \"Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. \"The last time you were on, you were talking about physics for future presidents. We're in a presidential debate year. Do you think this should be an issue, the talk about global climate change and global warming?","Oh I - energy, there's nothing more important in our world than the future of energy. We start wars over energy. Events like Fukushima and the Gulf oil spill have too much influence in our policy. We have to sit back and be thoughtful and think: What can we do?","For the case of global warming, I do believe we should take action, but most of the action that people are suggesting will not address the problem, and so we have to get the energy policy right. It has to be based in science and engineering and technology.","And what should that policy be?What should we do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think we're certainly more prepared than we were back in 2016. I think what this did is alerted our agency, as well as election officials across the country, of the dangers and the vulnerabilities that their systems may have with respect to a cyber breach. So I think it's a lesson learned. And I think cybersecurity is something that everybody is taking very seriously, as they should, and are taking steps to prevent future attacks. Many election jurisdictions are in the same position as those in Illinois - with limited funds and a massive problem with respect to maintaining cybersecurity. No system of any type can be completely impregnable. So you're facing those odds to begin with.","Are you getting the help you need?I mean, obviously, states fund this. Should the federal government step in to help?I mean, are they taking it seriously enough?And what is it that you're asking for?","Well, I think they're taking it seriously. We've received assistance from the Department of Homeland Security. With respect to funding, Congress recently appropriated approximately $380 million to the states. Illinois received about $13. 2 million. It's a start, but we feel that cybersecurity is going to be an ongoing thing. So we're hoping that more funds will be forthcoming in the years ahead.","Steve Sandvoss, executive director of the Illinois Board of Elections, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone."} +{"dialogue":["Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing.","Right. For me, you know, I look at the new emerging talents like Jazzpects and Hollywierd and Proton. You know, I see a whole new 'nother birth of musicians coming up, and again, just being on the live music scene last night, I was at the Smith's Olde Bar to see Anthony David and Jazzpects and Redlands and Proton and Yellow Wolf, which are all underground artists that are stemming away from the norm.","Jazzpects is fusing hip-hop and jazz. And Yellow Wolf, on the total opposite the spectrum, is a white rapper that is - he has a group called the Dixie Mafia that is a really, really - he is an excellent rapper, that is fusing a lot of the blue grass and country and, you know, middle-America stuff with hip-hop."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Yellow Wolf is blending bluegrass and country with hip-hop"} +{"dialogue":["Well, it has been a conversation where I think the most important point in the conversation is to get the average Californian to understand that this fiscal crisis is different. And so interacting with people number one, to inform them about the crisis, to talk to them about the impact of cutting education and cutting healthcare, what that means to their daily lives. For example, 800,000 children might have to go without health insurance. Thirty thousand teachers might be laid off unless we are able to close the gap in a way where we bring money to the table, we don't just try to close the gap through cutting programs. Then that's, you know, most important.","What about race relations?And I don't just mean, you know, do we all get along?I mean. . .","We don't.","I mean the long term ability of California to synthesize its role as the biggest diverse state in America and set a path that is hopeful for other parts of the country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Race relations are a critical issue in California"} +{"dialogue":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation in the eurozone is improving, but it is still not out of the woods yet."} +{"dialogue":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The reason for choosing Deming is not necessarily related to its location or qualities."} +{"dialogue":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The current improvement in the eurozone is not enough to solve its problems, and more growth is needed to reduce unemployment."} +{"dialogue":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : My father was trying to instill a sense of superiority and strength in me by contrasting the strong and the weak."} +{"dialogue":["I think it's very important for people to unplug. Setting aside the whole question and dangers of addiction, let's assume you're not somebody who is addicted, but you are still constantly plugged in. The downsides are likely to be, first of all, no time to think, no time to just reflect on what you feel, what you think, what you've been experiencing. And wisdom really comes to us through the process of reflecting on our experience and our feelings and thoughts. So, I think people are in danger of not being able to become wise if they don't take time to think.","Plus there is this huge factor of engagement with other people. We are we're social animals. We need to be connected. There's something called limbic resonance, which is kind of an energetic resonance that gets set up between two people when they are engaged in a positive and constructive way with each other and they are able to develop the relationship. And we know that when people do not have enough of that engagement with each other, they suffer depression and they suffer in other ways. So, getting unplugged allows you to get reengaged with real people in your life that matter to you.","Let's talk a little bit about how online addiction can work in tandem with other addictions. I'm thinking about gambling. There's now all sorts of online gambling. There's also pornography.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise"} +{"dialogue":["There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.","I don't know the Olive Oil Times.","(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.","Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr. Cord."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Olive oil is an important and healthy food with cultural significance"} +{"dialogue":["Yesterday, General Motors announced that it would review its contracts with ad agencies to see whether or not they should even be renewed. Let's say you were working on a car company advertising campaign. What should they do to actually get American consumers to buy cars?","Yeah, I think there's a deeper question there, Alex, to be honest, about - with the car companies. If I were pitching them right now, or I was being asked to prove that it's worth doing, I would really, really want to understand what their view of the future of their industry is. And I would want to align my marketing around their authentic view of their business, right?","What I absolutely think they should do right now?They should do a series of advertisements, purely authentic and honest, basically saying, look, for the past 30 years, they've messed up. They've run afoul of obvious economic externalities. And I think if they are authentic, and they do a mea culpa, people will regain some trust in them. That might be a futile attempt, frankly, at this point because I think that they are lumbering giants.","So, how are companies reshaping their marketing strategies to deal with customers who may not want to buy anything right now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Car companies need to understand their industry's future to create effective advertising"} +{"dialogue":["Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?","Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.","Well, you have worked there for 18 years.","Eighteen years. Yeah.","I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: You have been employed with the company for 18 years, which is a long time."} +{"dialogue":["Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?","Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.","But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.","OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump."} +{"dialogue":["They asked me to consider that, you know, almost without exception, these are young people in federal facilities who are separated from their families. They're in a strange place. They're dealing with stress and uncertainty every day. They fled poverty. They fled possibly violence in their home countries. And so they desperately need the semblance of a daily routine.","And analogously, if you look at studies done in hospital settings with chronically ill children, when they have access to play, they do better. They heal faster. They have lower levels of stress. And similarly, after natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Katrina, there started to be interest in the therapeutic benefits of play access.","A very simple thing that Dr. Cantor told me is that when your brain is being bombarded with stress hormones every day, you actually need to move your body even more than usual so you can get oxygen to your brain. And this oxygenation - it helps buffer potentially long-term damage.","Just in our last 30 seconds, what does the law say here?Could there be legal challenges?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Separated young people in federal facilities desperately need a daily routine."} +{"dialogue":["It also follows an advertisement, even more prominent Republicans - Colin Powell, Dick Cheney, Laura Bush among them - without their permission necessarily, all sided - quoted as supporting gay marriage in other context, but they are not signatories to this brief.","You know, Neal, I head a conservative judge say a couple of years ago, a line that stuck with me, is that one of the really brilliant things about the gay rights movement is that they took on really essentially conservative goals. That is, they wanted to serve openly in the United States military. Remember that, and how big a fight that was?And they want to marry. Committed couples wanted to marry, and some of them wanted to adopt and raise children. Now if you're conservative, how can you be opposed to something like serving in the military and getting married and raising children?","It's a difficult argument, but do you think - amicus briefs normally are, well, window dressing. Is this going to make a difference?","No, not one amicus brief doesn't make a difference. But I do think it's part of a trend of just a change in thinking and saying that, yes, many Republicans now think, you know, same sex - gay marriage is a good thing. The country's moving that way, and it should be a matter of - it's part of a larger just change in thinking. And I do think that large change in thinking does affect justices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The goals of the gay rights movement are essentially conservative, so conservatives should support them."} +{"dialogue":["Indeed, and the longer this regime stays, the bigger this possibility is. I think any solution to the Syrian crisis will have to assure the different communities in Syria, at the top of which are the Alawites of their future in the country. Many Alawites today do not feel that what the Bashar Assad is doing to their country is excusable. At the same time, they are afraid to basically jump the ship and go against him for fear of being, sort of, killed and massacred by the majority Sunnis in the country. And so a political process will have to address the aspirations, the needs, the fears of these different minority communities in Syria.","A political process we've seen very little of. There's nothing going on.","Not much. There is a U. N. envoy, Mr. Lakhdar Brahimi, who was both an U. N. and Arab League envoy, who is trying, you know, to initiate such a process. But given, in my view, the fact that this regime looks at things in Syria as a zero-sum game, there is, indeed, a very little likelihood of the success of the political process.","Marwan Muasher, former foreign minister, deputy prime minister of Jordan, with us from studios at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington. Thanks very much for your time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is little progress in the political process of finding a solution to the Syrian crisis."} +{"dialogue":["It was for people who are sort of touched by this. And when you saw what goes into it, you will understand. I mean, it's a week of sanding and scrapping and chiseling. It really - it was kind of an amazing process.","Yeah. And it's a beautiful video you made. It's up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. You can watch how they build the bikes. They talk about the bamboo where they - they're bringing in from Vietnam and choose it, right?","That's right. Their cream of the crop, they say.","You imagine going bamboo shopping?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The best of the crop of bamboo was brought from Vietnam."} +{"dialogue":["As the biggest impact there?","From the tech sector in today's economy?","Yes.","Yeah, just job loss. It's been a major - I mean, specifically, you're looking at places that are - manufacturing is taking a hit. Companies are looking to do more with less. You are seeing just in recent news, other technology companies like HP and others are making some type of adjustments to - not only their work force but also to their strategies, in a good way though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Technology companies are restructuring and reducing their workforce"} +{"dialogue":["Well, the information we're getting, as you said, comes from the UAW. Specifically, it comes from UAW Vice President Terry Dittes, who's been offering up some occasional updates to UAW members. And on Friday, Terry Dittes sent out a letter saying they had made good progress in the talks, and that was a great sign. You know, the strike has dragged on for three weeks, going on the fourth week now. And this was one of the first signs that there had been progress.","But by Sunday, that had completely changed, and Terry Dittes said this time that, in fact, they had taken a step back, and the union could not be more disappointed in GM, and what he explained happened was that there was an offer on the table. UAW responded, made its counter offer, taking into account a bunch of things. And what Terry Dittes said is, on Sunday morning, when GM responded to that latest offer, GM basically didn't respond at all. It just reiterated its previous offer and didn't address anything that the UAW had brought up.","So they seem to be at a stalemate. It seems like things are not going well right now.","OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The progress lets people know there is hope for a resolution. People refusing to go to work unless their demands are met has lasted three weeks."} +{"dialogue":["Anil Kashyap is a professor of economics at the famed school of economics at the University of Chicago. Professor, welcome to Day to Day. What do you think about this news, the government is buying into the banks?","I think it's a much better solution than the possibility of just buying up troubled assets. The reason I say that is because the credit markets are frozen right now because banks are essentially unwilling to lend to each other. And that's what's putting the economy at risk for a recession. For that to become unhinged, and for the credit markets to start working again, banks need to become confident that, if they do lend to another bank, they're going to get their money bank.","But, professor, isn't the government buying the banks?Isn't this kind of like the first step to nationalization or some kind of partial nationalization of the banks?Isn't the University of Chicago, I don't know, blowing up?","Well, I don't know. Milton Friedman taught us that policy incompetence in the Great Depression was one of the things that exacerbated the Great Depression. And sitting by and letting the banking system grind to the ground is certainly not in the national interest. At this point, if the choice is, let the banking system implode or use some government money in an intelligent way to prop up the banking system, I think almost all responsible economists here or elsewhere would choose the latter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Using government money to prop up the banking system is better than letting it implode."} +{"dialogue":["Sure. I'm glad you mention that. So that is coming through subpoenas to the reporters to reveal the names of their sources. So it's not a direct prosecution of those reporters. But they are - you know, as you mentioned with Judith Miller, it can amount to jail time if the reporter refuses to testify.","So what's happening is that they are being called to testify in the case against the leakers. And when they refuse to do so, they're in contempt of court, and they may face jail time.","That's exactly right. And that is much more acceptable. I should add that under Attorney General Holder - after the James Risen subpoena where James Risen was told he had to testify and refused, the U. S. government did not push him to testify. They obtained a conviction anyway, and Holder shortly thereafter announced that, under his watch, no reporter would go to jail for doing his job. It remains to be seen whether that same policy would be in place under the Sessions Department of Justice. Everything he's said indicates that he will not follow that policy.","Meaning that he and the Trump administration may indeed prosecute journalists. We've heard Trump himself and other Republicans raising the possibility of prosecuting journalists. Do you think that there is - that that is a possibility?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There is a possibility that the Trump administration may prosecute journalists."} +{"dialogue":["Why do cockroaches flip over on their backsides when they die?","But I understand now, when it comes to answering the question of the year, you're not going to go with that one. Why not?","This happens every year. Readers write in and point out that some of the questions on our list have been answered elsewhere on the Web. It turned out this year that our top three vote-getters have all been answered elsewhere. So we had to default to question number four.","And what is that question?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : We had to settle for the fourth question because the top three questions have already been answered elsewhere."} +{"dialogue":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S. says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person thinks that the situation will come to an end with both sides negotiating with one another. There is no game or table."} +{"dialogue":["Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Jennifer Linder. You say it's UVA and UVB, make sure you have that in the sun - both - protection from both kinds of ultraviolet.","That is correct. It's actually probably the most important thing for people to remember because you want to have broad-spectrum covered. The reason is you can think of the UVB rays as being the burning rays, and you can think of the UVA rays as being the aging rays, and that's because the UVB rays go into the epidermis, which is where the nucleus is for the keratinocytes, the ones that when the DNA is changed, actually it turns into skin cancer, versus the UVA rays are longer wavelengths. And they actually go - capable of going into the deeper dermis, which is where the collagen is. And when you break down collagen, that's how you age, and probably about 80 to 90 percent of aging is actually a result of sun exposure.","What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The type of UV rays affects skin differently."} +{"dialogue":["Before summer slips away, North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann decided to take a day off from work for one last hot-weather canoe trip in upstate New York. With his wife Susan, Brian paddled and trekked through the Ausable Marshes in the Champlain Valley. He sent back this audio postcard.","We've just set out into the Ausable Marshes, this gorgeous delta of marshlands and ox-bows that form here between the Ausable River and Lake Champlain. Already, just a few paddle strokes from the road, it's green and humid.","B. MANN: The forest along the river is lush with birds. A kingfisher loops from bank to bank. It feels sort of tropical and up in the bow of the canoe, Susan strips down to her swimsuit.","This paddling reminded me of the Louisiana bayou. Not quite as hot."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Manns were looking forward to a relaxing and enjoyable day out in the nature."} +{"dialogue":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The President's remarks suggested that he was not taking Puerto Rico's plight as seriously as he did other disaster areas."} +{"dialogue":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S. consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Moving to a different source of energy is necessary and a major difference between the two candidates"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, but - of course it comes into play. That's what the IG is supposed to do. And under this statute, the acting director of national intelligence has an absolute duty not to exercise discretion, but simply to pass this information on to the intelligence committees. And he's not doing it.","So if - under the statute, there's a clear violation. What the Justice Department is presumably saying when they tell him not to do it could be one of - one or both of two things. One is, this is privileged information. I - when we don't - can't evaluate that without knowing what it is. And the other is, well, the IG is just way out of his remit. He's beyond - he's acting beyond his powers. And they'd get. . .","So how would you advise Congress to act next?","Oh, with Congress - if it wants to do that, there's a couple of options. You can try to litigate this, which I think will - the courts will not want to get involved in it - whether Congress can impeach the acting director. The president's not the only person subject to impeachment. Any federal officer can be impeached. What the Congress is saying is, we don't like the way this man's behaving. He's not doing what the statute says. And their remedy is quite limited, but the Constitution tell you - you don't - tells the Congress, you don't like it?Impeach the man."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It doesn't come into play physically. The statue is used during this time."} +{"dialogue":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success."} +{"dialogue":["I'm not sure. I think, certainly, if the other leading candidate in the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton, had won, she would also be generating a lot of interest. I think it's, at the end of a two-term presidency, you always get an upsurge anyway. But I think you're right. There's no doubt about it. These are historic elections. And for the same reasons that the American public have gotten so engaged in them, probably some of the same reasons are affecting foreign publics.","You know, there have been a lot of memorable phrases that have come out during this election. Maverick is one word that we've heard a lot, and what about lipstick on a pig?How do you explain that phrase, which seems particularly American, or lipstick on a pitbull?","What is fascinating is that, both those terms that you brought up, I know of cases where people here that work with me with journalists on a day to day basis have been asked to help. One was working with German press and the term Maverick and how could they, you know, where does that come from and so on. And we actually have a researcher that works here and can go back and find, you know, the roots of these different phrases. Even - I speak Spanish pretty well, and even lipstick on a pig, I wouldn't even try.","So, I don't know how they go about trying to kind of - I think they go through a longer two-paragraph explanation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Hillary Clinton would also generate a lot of interest."} +{"dialogue":["High bar, yeah. So the federal indictment is supposed to be unsealed today. What are you going to be looking for as someone who's been following this case against R. Kelly for a long time?","Well, I'll be looking for a couple of things - one, looking to see if there are new alleged victims in here. You know, the case that's in state court, there are four alleged victims in there. Many of them were already known. They had either already come forward or - yeah, have already come forward and told their stories of alleged abuse at the hands of R. Kelly.","I'll also be looking to see when the alleged crimes happened. You know, all of the alleged crimes in state court happened 10 years ago or more. Those kinds of cases are really hard to prove, you know, when they're that old. I'll be interested to see if any of these happened more recently, if there are any allegations that he's done anything in the last decade.","WBEZ reporter Patrick Smith in Chicago for us this morning. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There might be more alleged victims in the federal indictment"} +{"dialogue":[". . . Seas and littoral regions.","So the bottom line here is Iran has now shot a U. S. plane out of the sky. I'll put to you the same question we just put to Mara Liasson.","Sure.","Any sense of what the U. S. response will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Iran shot down a U.S. plane and now the U.S. will respond."} +{"dialogue":["And I went into Washington Park on Chicago's south side and met some retired African-American men who were spending their days fishing and who really were living history for me. You know, I had these books, but they would give me the ins and out of the black political machine, the state of race relations in the city. And everything that I was reading in these textbooks seemed dead because they could say exactly the same thing with so much more spirit, and I wanted to find a way to spend time with folks like that instead of just asking them a few questions and hoping they could give me short answers.","They basically told you, okay, I'm glad you talked to us, but talk to some younger guys. So what did you do?","So they sent me to a few neighborhoods. I constructed a survey, and I said okay, let me go see if I can start up some conversations. I went to the Robert Taylor Homes, a very poor public-housing development in Chicago. And I walked into this stairwell, and I met this street gang that was selling drugs in the stairwell, and they wondered who I was, and they thought I was a gang member, and they thought I was a Mexican gang member.","They started calling me Julio, and I administered the survey to them, and they just laughed. And they thought, okay, you must be from another gang because nobody's going to ask stupid questions like this. They kept me there, and I had. . .","You had multiple-choice questions like how do you feel being poor and black?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The experiences and stories of real people can offer more insight and authenticity than textbooks"} +{"dialogue":["Well, we've seen - it's become more difficult under the Trump administration for members of the military to get citizenship. It's been more difficult for them to get paperwork filed for their family members. It's more difficult for them to prevent the deportation of their family members.","Well, how are they making it more difficult?What examples do you have?","During the Obama administration, Janet Napolitano had created a program called basic training naturalization. It allowed the troops to get their citizenship really quickly. And the Trump administration has eliminated that program. They've also made it harder for the troops to file applications for citizenship. And it's taking much longer for them to make a decision on those applications. Recently they also announced they were going to close some of the international USCIS offices that process people for citizenship overseas, which will make it even more difficult for military members.","Now, I understand that you were one of the people who started a program to recruit people who aren't U. S. citizens into the U. S. military. That program was known as MAVNI - Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest. The program has effectively been suspended - right?- but it already started slowing down during the Obama administration. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship"} +{"dialogue":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People may view media entities as easy targets for lawsuits in order to make a quick profit."} +{"dialogue":["I think that they're at peace with it now. And we're at peace with each other. But that took - you know, that took a lot of time.","So we've already talked a bit about how the cello is this character in your life. And I want to talk about how it functions throughout this album. Let's listen to the song \"Poor Fake. \"","(Singing) Don't matter where you are, it'll catch right up to you. You can try to resist the feeling, set the canvas in my blues.","So cello, you know, it isn't an instrument I think of playing a huge role in pop songs. But it does play a huge role in this song and throughout other songs on the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The cello plays a significant role in the album."} +{"dialogue":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Financial difficulties faced by young women seeking admission are causing immense stress to me."} +{"dialogue":["Ground-based solar is only good when the sun is shining. And this applies to wind energy, too. It's only good when the wind is blowing. You have to have fossil fuel generators, standing by to pick up the load when the wind stops blowing, or the sun stops shining. So that has to be figured into the economics of wind- and ground-based solar. And, of course, you don't have either of those problems with a solar power satellite.","What would my electricity bill look like if I were getting solar power beamed down from satellites?What would it cost me?","That is hard to come by, but the best estimates we have, it's somewhere between eight to 20 cents a kilowatt hour.","Well 20 cents a kilowatt hour would be very expensive electricity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Ground-based solar and wind energy are not reliable sources of power."} +{"dialogue":["They do, but they won't help much in this case. There's a type of snail that eats them that unfortunately is also popular in the curio trade, but their numbers were never huge. There's some - actually some very small shrimp that will eat them, but, you know, there's only so much they can do.","When you have these outbreaks, the numbers of starfish are so much that it's beyond what any of their predators can do anything about.","And these are not your run-of-the-mill, see-them-on-the-beach five-legged starfish, are they?","No, no, I mean, they look like monsters. If you wanted to - you know, if you were to blow one of these things up really big, you could use it in a sci-fi movie."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The appearance of the starfish is monstrous, and could be used in a science fiction movie."} +{"dialogue":["No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?","It's just talk. It's impossible. Do you remember the Eagles?This one I'm not getting that wrong because the Eagles is as important - \"Hotel California. \"","Sure.","You can always check out, but you can never leave. That's it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : You can never truly escape the influence of the Eagles' music"} +{"dialogue":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"fluid started coming out of one of the eyes\" is a literal description, but the interpretation of the fluid as tears from the death mask is a metaphorical or supernatural belief."} +{"dialogue":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Interior Department deserves recognition for using the programmatic environmental impact assessment method more often."} +{"dialogue":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : We already knew about the uncertainty regarding tax and spending policies in 2013"} +{"dialogue":["Now, I understand South Dakota doesn't have an income tax. So is that why collecting sales tax is particularly important to your state?","That's right. The sales tax is about 63 percent of our state's general budget. So that's what we used to help on education and other important functions of government. We chose to use the sales tax rather than a state income tax.","So the better business has been for online retailers. The worst news, that's been for your state's budget.","That's exactly right. I mean, the United States Supreme Court has estimated that this is costing South Dakota between $48 and $58 million every year, which is a significant hit to our budget."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Sales tax is crucial to South Dakota's budget due to lack of income tax"} +{"dialogue":["And obviously, Florida is a very important state. It's no coincidence he's kicking off his campaign there. Where else do you expect to see President Trump in the months ahead?","So he'll be back in Florida; we know that for sure. It's a key state in that he isn't president without winning Florida, and he needs it for re-election. But you can also expect to see him in those other states that he won very narrowly in the upper Midwest - Wisconsin, Michigan. And the campaign is stretching. They want insurance. And at this point, they have money. They've been fundraising since Inauguration Day. And they are stretching, trying to reach into states you wouldn't expect, like Minnesota or even New Mexico and New Hampshire, which Hillary Clinton won last time around.","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith at President Trump's rally in Orlando, Fla. Thanks, Tam.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states and expanding beyond the states he won in 2016"} +{"dialogue":["Is this - does this - this explanation of how it works, does this offer you and other scientists an opportunity to study other materials or find out other ways things might work and become semiconductors?","Absolutely. I think the reason we were able to figure it out is because we have these very powerful probes like this very high-energy, very powerful X-ray source and these supercomputers where we were able to look at the atomic level of how the atoms are arranged and when they're arranged in a certain way why they exhibit this behavior.","And we can try and reproduce that in other materials and maybe even enhance it in design from the bottom up, new types of materials that have very strange properties.","And I think it's quite fascinating the tools that you use. One of the tools you used was an aerodynamic levitation furnace. It sounds like out of a science fiction movie."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It's a high level concept but it's exaggeration to say that it's fictional."} +{"dialogue":["Hi.","So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?","Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.","And what does that mean for you?","Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : lunch rush is a time when places are very busy, like restaurants, and usually during lunch, hence the name lunch rush"} +{"dialogue":["The biggest thing that's happened in the last 50 years is a lot of mechanization that has been aimed at trying to save labor for farmers. At the same time, farm operations have gotten bigger. You can do more with this high-tech equipment and do it with fewer people. What that means when you have fewer people on the farm is that you have less need for all the things that you need when you have a community. You don't need as many doctors and nurses. You don't need as many schoolteachers. And we're now reaching a point where the farmers who have remained on the land are quite isolated and often face long trips just to get to any place where there might be a school or there might be some sort of cultural activity. And it leaves them relatively separated from the national conversation, even as the politics of the country and of the world directly bear on their lives.","How does that impact them and their views on the rest of the country?","I think one of the things that has certainly happened is that when you lose your population, when the towns start to die, you lose your local newspaper. For the towns that were large enough, you lose your local radio station. So now the way that the news arrives to farming communities is through AM radio, which is often conservative talk radio. And it arrives via television and the Internet. And that means that those local issues get less coverage, and they make it into the national conversation less. But it also means that all of the polarization of our current political moment has made it all the way down to these tiny communities.","And how is that played out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Polarization of national politics affects even the smallest farming communities"} +{"dialogue":["Good morning.","Now, this didn't just break the record. It sounds like it's shattered it.","Yeah, the previous record was 85 degrees, and it hit 90 degrees on July Fourth, which was crazy.","Crazy. Now, when you say the highest previous record was 85 degrees, well, that's not - you know, OK, 85 degrees. But really - really - it's never close to 90 degrees there, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The new record has surpassed the old one by a large margin."} +{"dialogue":["It's a little bit different from my 1980s beater. This, you know, these are handmade pieces of art. And, you know, there are things that were different about it.","One thing that I heard from Justin Claassen, who's an avid cyclist and he's one of the founders of Valid, is that over a long period of time you notice the vibration less. There is some dampening, they say, that bamboo has a sort of natural dampening. So if you're riding really long distances, there - that might be a reason why you would want to go bamboo. But it's - I thought it would be lighter. And it's not actually that much lighter than your run-of-the-mill metal.","Right. Of course, there is the coolness factor, right. . .",". . . to have the only bamboo bike on the block or in Brooklyn. I can put more B's together if I could."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : I would like to be unique by having a bike made of bamboo but I realise it's not fully made of bamboo"} +{"dialogue":["It was the claim that Clinton had been personally responsible for people's deaths that set off alarm bells for Russell. So he decided to do some fact-checking.","I came to the realization pretty quickly that someone may have been probably lying to me on social media.","It turned out there were many false stories circulating that year. But Russell was skeptical of claims that Russia had anything to do with them until lists of Russian troll accounts began to appear online. He was shocked.","My god, they're right. They're exactly right. What they've been telling me about this is literally happening. I can go look this stuff up. It's right there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Russell was alarmed by the false claim that Clinton was responsible for deaths"} +{"dialogue":["But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.","But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.","It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.","Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Toilet seats and pillowcases have more microbes than we think."} +{"dialogue":["And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.","Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?","It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.","The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Trump is now openly calling for the Mueller investigation to be shut down"} +{"dialogue":["And he has gotten some criticism, interestingly, from some of his previously most supportive conservative voices, like Ann Coulter and Alex Jones of InfoWars but also from Congress, who've been asking the same questions as your previous guest, which is, what is the overall strategy for solving the Syrian crisis?So far, the strategy seems to be defeat ISIS and get out. And, wherever possible, make it contrast with President Obama. But the strategy does seem to be very similar to President Obama's - do the bare minimum to save face when chemical weapons are used.","And it is possible that maybe you can't really solve the Syrian problem or even stop Assad from using chemical weapons if you're not willing to risk hitting some Russians because all of Syria's most valuable military assets now are intertwined with Russians in Syria.","So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.","That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, that was easy. Planet Fitness was the best job actually because I could do my little squats behind the desk. There was always time to just like mess around and just do whatever.","But Uber seems like that would offer a lot of storytelling possibilities.","Oh, my gosh, it did.","Do you think we'll find some of that in your songs at some point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Planet Fitness job was easy because I could exercise while working"} +{"dialogue":["Indeed, and the longer this regime stays, the bigger this possibility is. I think any solution to the Syrian crisis will have to assure the different communities in Syria, at the top of which are the Alawites of their future in the country. Many Alawites today do not feel that what the Bashar Assad is doing to their country is excusable. At the same time, they are afraid to basically jump the ship and go against him for fear of being, sort of, killed and massacred by the majority Sunnis in the country. And so a political process will have to address the aspirations, the needs, the fears of these different minority communities in Syria.","A political process we've seen very little of. There's nothing going on.","Not much. There is a U. N. envoy, Mr. Lakhdar Brahimi, who was both an U. N. and Arab League envoy, who is trying, you know, to initiate such a process. But given, in my view, the fact that this regime looks at things in Syria as a zero-sum game, there is, indeed, a very little likelihood of the success of the political process.","Marwan Muasher, former foreign minister, deputy prime minister of Jordan, with us from studios at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington. Thanks very much for your time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis."} +{"dialogue":["Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.","Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.","That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?","I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment."} +{"dialogue":["You're welcome.","Not to belabor this obvious point, but is this as dangerous as it sounds?","It is. And because it's becoming precariously dangerous situation for the east coast of Florida - meaning it may officially stay offshore but still spread the core of its severe impacts right along the coastline - I think that's something that we should emphasize, is that - and I think it was mentioned off the top of the hour - we need our listeners from our member stations in Miami, WLRN, all the way to Jacksonville, WJCT, to take this seriously, especially if you live east of that I-95 corridor because there is an increasing chance now the core - and we're talking the eye wall - of major Hurricane Dorian will brush the coastline.","That could mean winds well above hurricane strength. That could bring storm surge, storm surge warnings and hurricane warnings in effect. So I think that's what's the most dangerous part of this storm is actually the fact that it may be not coming ashore directly, and residents may not be taking it seriously at this point.","Has the storm reached full strength, or is there any possibility that it could intensify?","It likely has reached close to its full strength. It's approaching or moving over the islands now of the Northern Bahamas. And it's also showing signs of going through a eye wall replacement cycle. That will likely occur in the next 24 hours. So the strength is going to fluctuate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The hurricane may cause severe impacts along the coastline despite staying offshore."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, and you love short stories, too. I love short stories, I appreciate that about you. You seem to be - enjoy writing short stories.","Yeah, they're tough as hell, and, you know, as a sort of a practice, people in the publishing world discourage them. They're like oh, don't do it. But I can't help but root for the underdog. As a form, you know, the short stories and the linked short story collections is an underdog, and people don't think of it as serious. So I don't mind wading in there. It feels like a really good battle.","Do you see yourself sort of at some point - you haven't really played that much with the novel form, but, you know, a lot of different writers are experimenting with the novel form, you know, Zadie Smith just did with her book, new book \"NW. \"Do you see yourself playing with that form?","Well, sure. I mean, again it's probably the arrogance, you know, the narcissistic arrogance of an artist, but I feel that so far I've written one book, one novel, and it's a very strange - at a formulistic level, I think it's - it took a lot of risks. Now will I keep doing that?Hard to say. It's like sort of saying will I continue to be X, Y or Z. You hope so. You hope so, but you never know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Short stories are an underdog and not taken seriously"} +{"dialogue":["Not a big deal.","It wasn't bothering me, but why not treat it?That's where the trouble began.","So she didn't know the cost of the medication, right?","No. She didn't ask, and the physician assistant didn't tell. So the PA calls in the prescription to a mail-order pharmacy. The mail-order pharmacy calls Anne to say, what's your insurance?She tells them she has really good insurance, and she has a health savings account or health reimbursement account to cover all of those medical costs that her insurance doesn't cover."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it"} +{"dialogue":["Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.","Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.","Oh, it does?","Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People are likely to follow through a given idea or course since it is end is clear as a glass chamber."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","In general, these hearings, the questioning has been chopped up into five-minute increments back and forth between Democrats and Republicans. Do you think this works, especially for something where we know that there are two very distinct narratives and a great deal of polarization?","I think it can be very productive given the fact that they are planning for it. They are rehearsing. They're having mock sessions - at least the Democrats are, Republicans may be doing something similar - because the five-minute increments are highly disruptive. A trend of questioning tends to peter out at - given five-minute switch from the Republicans to the Democrats and vice versa. So I'm looking for a rather smooth hearing on this one.","Do you think by rehearsing what the Democrats are trying to do is sort of develop a line of questioning and try and get a coherent narrative in place?","Well, the first part of this hearing, I actually testified back in June, and I know that the Democrats at least are preparing for these sort of things in a very conscientious way. And I learned it because they said, listen; when you're out there, we are going to ask you questions about A, B, C, D and E. And they said they would have graphics for that. I didn't watch the hearings after I testified, but I did see the graphics when they were asking me about them. And that's really a process of building a record as well of what is very important to understand in this event."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It is not chopped but divided bluntly into increments."} +{"dialogue":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S. sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S. officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Implies that the new sanctions are going to make life very difficult for the individuals named, and that there may be more sanctions in the future."} +{"dialogue":["I saw poofy hot pants. They were like, they were kind of like a poof skirt but done in a hot pants style.","So many regrettable. . .","Regrettable, regrettable fashion sense.","Just unfortunate that you just sort of go, OK, all right. Just X, you know, that X thing they have with Glamour?Yeah, a lot of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Poofy hot pants are a ridiculous and impractical fashion choice."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. And Stephanie says attendance more than doubled. She thinks lowering prices was a great business strategy for her. It might be good for others as well.","And Marilyn McFee(ph) is doing well in the downturn. She's a professional storyteller.","Maybe it's like mashed potatoes and apple cobbler, she writes. Storytelling is comfort entertainment.","She's been busy telling her stories at schools, libraries, even fundraisers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : What she writes makes people feel comfortable in a way that reminds them of the past."} +{"dialogue":["The FBI does criminal investigations better than anybody. But again, at some point in time, if you've got a stovepipe there, where the two agencies aren't talking to each other, either in Washington or on the ground you've got a real problem. And there's not an excuse for it, 13, well, 12 years now after 9\/11. You know, this is - supposedly should not be rocket science but somehow it becomes that.","And to solve it, is this executive order or is this something Congress has to get involved with?","Well, this is where, you know, the interagency problem gets to be really challenging because, you know, if you look at the Constitution, every head of agency, you know, if the guy on the ground goes all the way up to his head of agency, they only report to the president. So obviously it's got to be something that the executive authority does, and he has got to delegate that authority if he is not willing to sit there and handle every crisis that comes down the pike. He has got to delegate it to somebody on the ground who can say do this thing. I don't care, you know, I don't want you talking to your agency back home. You're working for me, do it. And. . .","Gary Anderson?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : If you've got something keeping two agencies from talking to one another. This should not be hard to understand and solve."} +{"dialogue":["What seems to be happening is that the numbers stay about the same, but that the types of people who are killed are actually, you know, have avalanche experience, are expert skiers who have taken avalanche training. There was this case of a woman, Olivia Buchanan, who died on Tuesday around Silverton, Colorado. And she had, you know, avalanche level-two training, was actually studying snow science at Montana State University.","So snow safety experts are now focusing more than ever on what are called human factors rather than trying to, you know, teach people how to analyze the snow to say whether the snow stability is good. So these are questions like, you know, are you being lured into a trap by groupthink?Do you want to impress your friends?And more often than not in an avalanche fatality, several of these factors are going to be present.","Are experienced skiers just pushing themselves more?","Some of it is just in the numbers. You know, there are more people than ever heading out into the backcountry. But the other piece of this is that skiing on tract powder in the backcountry is just like the most intoxicating form of skiing. You know, the images that we see in ski magazines, people flying down these high-alpine slopes. I mean, there's just nothing else like it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : In (4), \"Intoxicating form of skiing\" refers to the feeling of being overwhelmed with joy and excitement while skiing in the backcountry, and not being intoxicated with drugs or alcohol."} +{"dialogue":["He had a very special place in the music pantheon.","He really did, and those people live forever.","Absolutely.","People like Marvin Gaye and Donny Hathaway and Nat King Cole and Luther Vandross. That's why we say the late, great. And people used to say that about my dad, and I didn't - I only heard it about daddy, you know, the late, great, Donny Hathaway. And I say it about Luther as well. You know, his - it's such a void created that it will never be filled again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person being referred to was a great loss to the music industry and cannot be replaced"} +{"dialogue":["Oh, it's inspiring always. This is one of the reasons why I wanted this book to come into the world. It's because, you know, there are so many brilliant writers now being forgotten. There's so many brilliant writers - contemporary writers who have not been given the platform they deserve. And the literary world is not zero sum, even though sometimes we are led to believe that it is. There's enough attention and enough love for everyone.","And I think that it's all of our duty, if we are given a certain amount of privilege, to say to readers, hey, look at this person you may not know. Please read this exquisite story, and I hope you will love Nancy Hale as much as I do. I hope you'll love other contemporary writers as much as I do.","That is the author Lauren Groff talking about the new book \"Where The Light Falls: Selected Stories Of Nancy Hale. \"","Lauren Groff, thanks so much. It was great to talk to you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : She wanted the book to be written for the world to read. Many writers do not have their work published on a large enough scale for a large number of people to read it. The literary world is the people that work in writing and publishing written work."} +{"dialogue":["It's interesting, these papers that you brought with you, or sent to us, about how - these are the tricks that people use, and they can actually test out whether they work or not.","Yeah. These are things that a lot of good cooks probably know, whether they realized they know them or not. But exactly what these things are are a little fuzzy because everybody's a little different. There are some scientists in England and there are other groups, especially in the Netherlands, that have been running tests for years, and they tend to sound kind of bizarre. They'll prepare some food. They'll give it to different people to eat. And later, the people will realize that something else was changing while they were eating it, something in the atmosphere.","Mm-hmm. And they - in one test, they gave people some ice cream that tasted like bacon?","Yeah. This is - Charles Spence is the main scientist. He's at the University of Oxford. He teamed up with one of the famous chefs in England, and they made something which sounds really crazy, bacon and egg ice cream, which I'm told is really pretty good, tastes like bacon and eggs. And they served bacon and egg ice cream to a bunch of people. And they had them do some sort of rating about how bacony does it taste, or how eggy does it taste?And they would play sounds. And whenever they would play the sound of frying bacon, you know, that crackling sound, people would consistently say that the thing tasted a lot more bacony to them. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The sound of frying bacon makes the ice cream taste more like bacon to people"} +{"dialogue":["(Reading) It should be pointed out that the Runyon Street homicides remain under active investigation. This office dismissed the case against Sanford because we were unable to retry the case. This dismissal is not the same as exoneration. It must be emphasized that Vincent Smothers has had several opportunities to testify under oath to exonerate Sanford but each time has refused.","So how do you respond to that?","It's hard to know what to make of that statement. My first response is that the attorney general - so the top prosecutor of the state of Michigan - has found that Davontae Sanford is innocent and has accepted that fact and agreed to award him over $400,000 in compensation. Vincent Smothers has declared that he is guilty and has said in a sworn affidavit that Davontae Sanford had nothing to do with it. My understanding is that none of the people to whom Smothers pointed have been prosecuted or indeed will be prosecuted by Kym Worthy.","Every now and then over the years, I've talked to prosecutors about exoneration cases. And they often say, look, they were legally convicted by a jury. The conviction was upheld on appeal. You can't make the legal system work if it's vulnerable to people showing up years after the fact sometimes, changing their testimony or even confessing - because that can be problematic."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Prosecutors sometimes prioritize finality over justice, even when faced with new evidence."} +{"dialogue":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : South Carolina is going to make more and much more public messages regarding evacuations."} +{"dialogue":[". . . We figured out that if all of these things operate as they have historically and retire according to their normal lifetimes, we'd have another maybe 650 billion tons of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere.","That sounds pretty ugly.","Yeah, that's a very large number because we can compare that to sort of the budget we have that the United Nations has identified as being safe targets; 1 1\/2 degrees Celsius of warming relative to the preindustrial is considered the safe operating space right now. And this would put us in jeopardy of being beyond that.","I mean, I guess we're assuming that nothing will change, but couldn't there be big technological breakthroughs that could prevent temperatures from rising far beyond 1. 5 degrees Celsius?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : I don't like it so it sounds bad, or sounds ugly. "} +{"dialogue":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes"} +{"dialogue":["You know, it may explain why you're such a good writer. I mean, you are one of the best science explainers. I mean, I've been doing this for a few years, and your book, \"Letters to a Young Scientist\", I think is the best book you've ever written because it is so much of you, and it is written in such an easy language, and we get you passion, we see your background.","Maybe it's because you talk to yourself that it's easier to write.","Yeah, and lots of students. And I've trained myself in clear explanation in order - when I went in to lecture to - sometimes I had a class of 150 because I taught basic biology, I had to have a device to keep the Harvard students in front of me from starting to read the Crimson.","So you had to come prepared to tell a good yarn, tell a good story or something."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He had to find a way to keep the students from becoming bored and distracted."} +{"dialogue":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : is asking if a large settlement will encourage others to file lawsuits against media companies"} +{"dialogue":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : GlobalGrind offers a wide range of content that is user-driven and voted upon"} +{"dialogue":["So you show pictures of people who play with kittens but also behead human beings?","Absolutely. It's a very strange contrast, but you'll see them behaving in very normal ways. Then you also see them participating in this awful violence.","Social media platforms are private companies. Why don't they just shut them down?","The problem is the companies don't really want to do thought policing. Open displays of violence, threats of violence against other people oftentimes get these accounts thrown off-line. But beyond that, it's very tough because who's to say one person's thoughts or ideas should render them thrown off the platform versus another?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The economy is not humming but is working as it should."} +{"dialogue":["I - you've made that point. Let me get to one last question, if I could. President Trump cited Canada as a model of merit-based system, but several news organizations and the Canadian Council of disabilities have pointed out that Stephen Hawking wouldn't be permitted to immigrate in Canada under their system because it does not admit handicapped and disabled people. Do you want that for the United States too?","Well, a merit-based system needs to focus on education and skills, but there is also room for immediate family members to come as well. Canada's point system really contributes only about 15 percent of Canada's annual immigration now. It used to be much higher. It's all in, you know, how you set it up. And we need to be more nimble in our immigration system and look at the outcomes of our immigration policy the way Australia does and be ready to change it if it's not meeting our needs, particularly our economic needs.","Jessica, we. . .","I think that we can do both.","Jessica Vaughn of the Center for Immigration Studies, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : I think that we can do both\" - Implied Meaning: We can both focus on education and skills and be flexible in our immigration system."} +{"dialogue":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Karodzic's brother's mistake ultimately led to his capture."} +{"dialogue":["Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.","And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.","And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?","Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.","And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : El Reno has experienced severe weather before and is prepared for it"} +{"dialogue":["That's right, one of these men - yeah, there was a seafood, wholesale seafood dealer in Southern China, in the province of Guangdong, who got the nickname the poison king because he had infected so many other people. He got very sick, went into a hospital in the city of Guangzhou. He started to suffer respiratory blockage.","They intubated him, they put a tube down his throat to help him breathe, but in the course of doing that, he was - you know, he was spewing out virus, he was coughing and sputtering and spitting. And health care workers became infected just in the course of intubating him.","So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.","It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected."} +{"dialogue":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr. Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr. Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : 4) - The suggested waiting period is to maintain protection throughout the flu season, not to get protection until the flu season."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : advocating for the recognition of these individuals within the church and emphasizing that their sexual orientation should not diminish their inherent value and contributions as beloved children of God."} +{"dialogue":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The cover of the New Yorker magazine may have gone too far in terms of propriety but it served a good purpose in debunking the false claim that Obama is a Muslim."} +{"dialogue":["I did want to ask you about that. What do you think - does it say something that there are, at the moment, two dozen candidates in the Democratic field?I mean, does that say anything about - does it say anything about the party?Does it say something?","Well, I think it says that there's a whole lot of energy and engagement to make sure that this guy isn't reelected come 2020. And that is goal number one. And for folks that say, all right, we have to bring back some of the voters that voted with us, well, I've done that. I've won in some of the difficult places. When you talk about actually standing up with records, so many of the things that we're talking about in this field of 35 I've had direct influence and impact on as governor.","And finally, you've rejected the possibility of a Senate run, OK?And this has inspired, as I understand it - the Senate minority leader from New York, Chuck Schumer, has been aggressively trying to recruit candidates to take on these Senate races because the Democrats would very much like to take back the Senate. What do you say to people who say - forgive me, I'll just be blunt. . .","No, sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr. Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The state is willing to provide a financial incentive to Carrier despite knowing that some jobs will still be leaving for Mexico."} +{"dialogue":["Our concern is that the technology, regardless of where you buy it from, is just not ready for that. It will lead to bias. It will lead to false identifications. People will be put in the back of police cars when they've done nothing wrong. It seemed to us to be a step too far.","Now, on the other hand, Microsoft has provided the technology to a prison. Microsoft researchers have worked with a Chinese military-run university on AI research that some people fear could be used against China's minorities. So to you, where is the line when it comes to helping governments gain and use these kinds of tools?","We need to look constantly at the technology that's at issue and how it's going to be used. We were comfortable providing facial recognition within a prison because the sample size of people involved is actually relatively small. We could be confident that people would be identified correctly. And there was a societally beneficial goal, namely to actually help keep prisoners safe by knowing who was where and at what time.","More broadly, we've supported basic research, advances in the fundamental frontiers of knowledge. You know, we're not working, for example, with authorities in China to deploy facial recognition services for surveillance. But when you get to the bottom foundation for all artificial intelligence, advances in machine learning and the like, we believe that that's where there are real benefits for people able to work on advancing scientific knowledge more generally."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The use of facial recognition technology can lead to bias, false identifications, and wrongful arrests, which is a serious concern."} +{"dialogue":["It's lovely. And I was trying to think of things that old people do that I should do, you know, like sticking my tongue out when the spoon is only halfway to my face and stuff like that. But in actual fact, if you just behave yourself absolutely normally, you become like an old person because they're exactly the same as us.","You've gotten the opportunity to work with two of the great actresses our generation, with Judi Dench in \"Mrs. Brown\" - I think a lot of people remember that - and now with Maggie Smith.","Yeah, and an absolute delight it's been, yeah - and not only that, but with Michael Gambon, as well.","Mm-hmm. He's a great actor."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Just behaving normally can make you feel like an old person.2. Working with great actresses like Judi Dench and Maggie Smith has been a delightful experience."} +{"dialogue":["It's definitely a tough business. He saw it was a tough business, and he just thought one of the most secure fields would be medicine, and my parents always kind of pushed for that.","I imagine in the midst of all this now, you're - you guys are feeling pretty secure about that choice.","It's really a shame, everything that's happened, especially here in Michigan. I mean, I have so many friends and different family members and family friends that - of course, everyone is really nervous right now with the way the economy is going, with the way the auto industry is going. But yeah, it's definitely nice, thinking that, you know, I'm going into a very secure field.","What's it like to be a student in college in Michigan right now, in the midst of thousands of jobs being lost?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The field of medicine is secure, but the economy is not."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood. What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?","Yeah, correct.","People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. What's it like growing up that way?","Well, it's tough 'cause you got to know when to come outside, when not to come out; when to go to the store, when not to go to the store. You know, cross the street, go left, go right, you know, either way it go, you get, like, A, shot at or, you know, get jumped, get robbed. It's tough.","Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood.What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?"} +{"dialogue":["Fall color is peaking in New York's Adirondack Mountains. There's already been a first dusting of snow on the summits. North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann set out in his canoe to take in autumn's big show near Lake Placid, and he sent us back this audio postcard.","I'm paddling up the Chubb River, wildness all around me, tamaracks here by the shore and willows. This could easily be northern Canada. It's really crisp out here. You can really taste fall now in the air. And there is this kind of stained-glass look to the hillsides, like splashes of crimson red. I mean, just truly tropical red.","There's brilliant sun, and the maple and birch are lit up. As the river winds into the mountain valley, it narrows and narrows again, so I'm squeezing through a vein of water to get to the hiking trail, willow branches squeaking against the canoe. I pass a beaver lodge and turn. And suddenly, I'm right on top of a pair of indignant mallards that go whirring into the sky.","All right, guys, don't mean to scare you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The maple and birch have yellow leaves due to the fall season. The river has turns in it as it flows through the mountainside. The person is paddling through a very narrow part of the river. The person passes a home of a beaver and birds fly quickly overhead."} +{"dialogue":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes.","1. 5 million. That's the number of people reportedly incarcerated in the United States. Beginning in the 1980s, the nation saw an ever-expanding prison industry, designed to manage a steady stream of new felons and recidivists. Now some states are finding they can't afford the billions of tax dollars supporting the prison system. Rethinking the role of rehabilitation may be part of the answer. That's what Jennifer Gonnerman says. She's a journalist covering the prison beat, and her latest article kicks off a special edition of Mother Jones magazine that examines the prison system. Jennifer, great to have you on.","Thanks so much for having me, Farai.","So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution"} +{"dialogue":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People brought substance abuse to my parties, but I never had a habit."} +{"dialogue":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S. sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S. sanctions.","And how does the U. S. respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : European countries may violate US sanctions or find ways for their companies to not abide by them to maintain their commitment to the Iran deal."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Lulu.","So it seems a little strange to be talking about why something doesn't matter, but here we are, saying President Trump's budget - which is being released tomorrow - suddenly isn't that important. How did that happen?","Presidents' budgets are always political documents. They're not a piece of legislation, but they do express the president's priorities. And, of course, the cliche is to say that the president's budget is dead on arrival on Capitol Hill. This one is probably dead as a doornail. And the reason is that Republicans and Democrats just passed a massive, two-year spending bill, which raises the caps for domestic and defense spending. And the White House was mostly a bystander in those negotiations. So what the president says in his budget tomorrow will not affect spending very much. Congress probably won't be passing a 2019 budget resolution. The bottom line is, in this instance, Congress seems to be ignoring the president.","Oh, OK. But when the budget comes out tomorrow, the spotlight will probably turn to White House budget director Mick Mulvaney, right?He was famously hawkish on the deficit when he was in Congress. What will he have to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Presidents' budgets are mostly for show and have little impact on spending"} +{"dialogue":["There was a point at which radiation was all the rage for everything.","It was. And it wasn't that long ago. In the early 1900s, Marie Curie had discovered radium. Everybody thought it was the biggest and best thing. So they put it into water, so people would drink radioactive water. It was a treatment called Radithor that was sold all over the place. People could buy their own crocks that were impregnated with radioactive compounds so that when you put water in it, you could drink your own radioactive water at home.","What were they trying to cure?","They thought that it would make them young again and give them youthful vigor. People would take it for aching joints, restoring ill health. I mean, it was all these vague complaints and problems.","The cures didn't really take, right?","Well, no. It didn't help at all because you can't actually use radium to cure hypertension or diabetes or rheumatism. What happens is when you ingest radium like that, unfortunately, one of the places that the body likes to take up that element is in the bones. And so people would get bone cancers, and they would get anemias. And it was pretty deadly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People in the past used to consume radioactive water as a cure for various health problems, but it turned out to be fatal."} +{"dialogue":["Yes.",". . . Following the election in 2000, when - and I'm sure the news industry was part of it.","(Laughter).","A lot of people said, how can the greatest country in the - you know, you can go to an ATM and get $200. Why can't we have a sleek, electronic voting system in this country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The United States should be able to implement a modern, reliable, and efficient electronic voting system given its technological and economic advantages."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","So, does that mean that Mom and Dad, one's a doctor, one's a lawyer?","No, it was more - I would just say that the type of upbringing I had - actually, my parents are divorced, and they have been most of my life, but everybody actually refers my mother as Clair Huxtable, because she kind of reminds everybody of that character. My dad is a little silly like Bill Cosby, and I was always Denise. I was the wild kid and kind of the wild card in the family. I'm the only artist in the family and always had the weird clothes and a wild hair. So. . .","Now, let's talk about this song - I know you're going to sing it for us in a moment - \"Wanna Be. \"Listening to the lyrics of it, it sounds as if it's a person who is trying to figure out who she is for herself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The person was the one in the family that did not dress and act like the rest."} +{"dialogue":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Mineral wealth in Congo has caused exploitation and conflict"} +{"dialogue":["And what Kansas has done is to try to turn things around once again so that not every parolee who runs afoul of an administrative rule, is immediately shipped back to prison, but instead is given another chance. And actually, the parole officer will work with them to try to keep them out of prison, as opposed to just trying to lock them - lock the cuffs on them as fast as possible.","Well, Jennifer, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Thanks so much, Farai.","Jennifer Gonnerman is the author of \"Life on the Outside: The Prison Odyssey of Elaine Bartlett. \"She wrote the article, \"Slammed: Welcome to the Age of Incarceration. \"It's the lead article in a special edition of Mother Jones magazine examining America's prison system. And she joined us from our NPR Studios in New York."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates an administrative rule will be sent back to prison"} +{"dialogue":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The use of the word \"exciting\" suggests that the developments in space during 2015 were particularly noteworthy or significant."} +{"dialogue":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Harlem's culture is thriving due to the influx of wealth and new residents."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.","Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.","Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.","Thank you very much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Capitalism has changed and now requires more regulation and reduced expectations in terms of return. Prices are not assumed to always go up anymore."} +{"dialogue":["An appointment like yours will sunset with this presidency. So, what do you plan to do afterwards?","I don't know. You know, government service, my term in government service, the last two years, followed a private-sector career of 24 years. One of the exciting things about being in the government, I think, is when you can move the needle it touches so many people's lives. And prior to this, I ran the Small Business Administration and - which does terrific work, including providing loans for disaster victims, homeowners, not just small businesses. So, I'm very open-minded. You know, I loved working in the private sector, but I just really treasure the opportunity to make an impact through the public sector.","You've mentioned disasters a couple of times, and we are rolling around on the third anniversary of Katrina. The federal government's response was widely criticized. What do you think you've done right in terms of dealing with disasters recently?","Recent history has been very good, whether it be the fires in California or the floods in the Midwest, a number of significant tornado incidents. And what I think has happened well, it really falls into a couple of areas. Number one, I think the response has been rapid. The front-end response has been rapid. Number two, which I don't think is quite as visible to people, is the coordination among government agencies at the federal level, and between the federal and then the state and local levels, has been, I think, much improved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The appointment will end with the current presidency, and you will lose your job."} +{"dialogue":["Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.","And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?","There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.","And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The extradition law may result in Chinese state kidnapping."} +{"dialogue":["He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.","That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.","What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.","It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Computers can replace low-level intellectual work and allow for self-improvement."} +{"dialogue":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The implication of this statement is that certain groups are attacking certain types of science, like climate change and public health, because they may be interested in gaining something politically or economically. "} +{"dialogue":["Good morning.","Jason, there's still no power on much of the island, which is astounding. It's five weeks now. What is it like?What have you seen to undertake a recovery from a hurricane when you still don't have power?","And part of what is crazy is it's not just Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Irma came through here two weeks before that. So there's some people who've been almost two months without power. But people are making an effort. They're out there. I see people, you know, cleaning up by hand. People are out there with hand tools trying to, you know, cut 2-by-4's to rebuild things when, you know, they don't have power tools. You've got people who are living in high-rises. It's kind of amazing sometimes walking around at night here in San Juan. You got these tall buildings. And you'll just see some candles flickering in the - and that's the only light in this entire high-rise.","I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Despite the lack of power, the people on the island are doing what they can to recover and rebuild."} +{"dialogue":["But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.","There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.","They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.","Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People in India are usually not the type to protest"} +{"dialogue":["The federal investigations looming over the Trump administration kicked into high gear this past week, yielding legal consequences for not one but four of his associates. Former campaign Chairman Paul Manafort was convicted on eight counts in federal court while, at virtually the same time, Trump's personal lawyer Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president. Add to that news that prosecutors reached immunity deals with two Trump allies - David Pecker, the publisher of the National Enquirer, and Allen Weisselberg, chief financial officer of The Trump Organization. To sort through what all this means, I'm joined by Anne Milgram, a former state and federal prosecutor and former attorney general of New Jersey. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","And let's talk about that immunity. Prosecutors have worked out deals to get cooperation from at least these two men that we know about. What's the upshot of that?","So the upshot with Pecker, I think, could be enormous for the government in terms of getting evidence about Donald Trump. We understand that he had - he's friends with Trump for 20 years or more and that they've had a long relationship. What I think is one of the most interesting questions here is not just that he's cooperated related to the Cohen piece but also what other evidence he may have. Were there other deals made?Were there other stories that they caught and killed, as they say in the business, where they pay people to not actually publish a story and not have it go public?So that, I think, is particularly interesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"Caught and killed\" is not literal. It refers to newspaper stories being not being published due to interference from the subject of those stories."} +{"dialogue":["The White House appears to have been caught off guard by the book. There seemed to have been no unified strategy in some ways. I mean, they sort of just let the president take the ball and run with it.","Yeah. Well, look. This book - this is a question that I have - and I've been unable to get an answer from the White House since Wednesday - which is, how many people in the White House cooperated with this book?How many comms staff were in interviews - these interviews that Mike Wolff supposedly had - walking into the White House, roaming around, in his words?","They say he never met with the president in the Oval Office. Michael Wolff says he does. There's a lot of confusion about how much access and how much participation the White House had with this book. So they shouldn't be caught off guard, I think, based on the level of access that Wolff appears to have. And they haven't been quite forthright about what level that is.","I talked to somebody who was interviewed who said there was a comms person, somebody in the West Wing in the White House - there was a comms person in that interview with him. How many other interviews were like that?And I think that that - we should keep that in mind when we hear sort of these calls that this is this is tabloid trash, that nobody in the White House knew what was happening or that this was all Steve Bannon."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The White House had no clear plan for the book and let the president handle it alone."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, kicking out all the intelligence officers, which we believe. . .",". . . And shutting their consulates.","(Unintelligible) their consulates, and we got rid of most of them. And we've seen a significant reduction in their intelligence collection here in the U. S. So the consulates were home base for that, and I think for the first time. . .","Not to get hung up on the numbers, but. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The officers were fired from their jobs abruptly and not allowed to fraternize with the people that stayed."} +{"dialogue":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The crimes committed by ISIS, such as enslaving girls, raping women, and beheading people, did not make the women lose confidence in the head of ISIS, but the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food did."} +{"dialogue":["A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N. see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.","And what's the mood there in the capital?","A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.","We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : (1) \"blinking contests\" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of describing a situation where neither side is willing to back down or concede to the other, creating a tense and unproductive atmosphere. It does not refer to an actual contest of blinking."} +{"dialogue":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Helping young people achieve their goals gives them confidence to take on the world"} +{"dialogue":["The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.","No question. The young senator from Florida, though, is really the hot ticket in New Hampshire right now. He is expected to do no worse than third. He's certainly in the running for second John Kasich is also in the running here. Everyone coming up, of course, a little behind Donald Trump still at this point. But it's Rubio who has the national momentum then going on into South Carolina if he does well in New Hampshire. South Carolina is on the 20th. And he'll have real appeal in Nevada on the 23rd.","What about Bernie Sanders?His lead in the polls just seems to be growing. According to reports, he might be on \"Saturday Night Live\" on Saturday night, just before the vote. Hillary Clinton tried to suggest that just because he's a guy from next door in Vermont.","You know, he was well-known here from the start of course. But there's so much more to it than that. His numbers are still going up at this point. And even for Democrats who expect Clinton to be the nominee eventually, Bernie is still their feel-good vote. He is a get-it-off-your-chest vote. And, you know, Democrats have never really liked a coronation. They want a contest. And Clinton is not connecting to voter concerns on an emotional level. And she's not communicating a clear message either here or elsewhere in the country. That's why the national polls have narrowed. And you know it's going to be hard to tell Larry David and Bernie Sanders apart tonight."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Marco Rubio is facing increased criticism from opponents as his popularity rises."} +{"dialogue":["So that, and unfortunately too many people in the community, too many of my friends who are worried about global warming, have already taken a position on fracking. The fact is that natural gas can be made clean. It's not hard. It's much easier to do clean fracking than it is, for example, to make cheap solar.","So I'm hoping that the environmentalists who have started to oppose fracking, I think prematurely, can be won over and recognize that this has to be part of a worldwide energy policy. Natural gas also helps the Chinese because their citizens are being choked by the soot and other emissions of their coal plants.","So expediting a shift, this should be U. S. policy, that we will help the Chinese make the shift from coal to natural gas. China, India, the developing world, this is absolutely essential.","And what about a shift to renewables?","Well, that's wonderful, and that will ultimately take the place of natural gas, but take China for example. Last year, they installed what everybody says was a gigawatt of solar. In fact, it wasn't a gigawatt because that's the peak power. Average in night, and it's half a gigawatt. Average mornings and late afternoons, it's a quarter of a gigawatt."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Fracking is not as harmful as environmentalists believe."} +{"dialogue":["So it changes the calculus in this way. If you're the Syrian Kurdish commander and you feel that the U. S. is essentially abandoning you, where do you turn for help against your mortal enemies, the Turks?And increasingly, I'm told by the Syrian Kurdish commander they think that they have to turn to Damascus. They have to turn to the regime. Meanwhile, Assad's key ally, Russia, is said to be moving with Syrian army troops north towards these Kurdish areas, seeking to capitalize on what they think is a vacuum caused by the instability and the U. S. withdrawal.","So these Kurds would have to deal with the threat from Turkey and then, on the other side of things, the threat from the Syrian government trying to reclaim this area.","So this is essentially the Kurdish condition - surrounded by enemies. It's the case in Syria. It's the case in northern Iraq. It's the case in Iran. This is a people who just live in inconvenient countries. So yes, as in the past, the Kurds are surrounded. They feel they have enemies on all sides. They thought the U. S. was a reliable friend, and they now are beginning to doubt that.","I want to come back to something you mentioned earlier - the thousands of ISIS prisoners that Kurds had been guarding. There's concerns about whether they can continue to do that while also fighting off the Turkish military. You had the president saying today in a statement that, quote, \"Turkey is now responsible for ensuring all ISIS fighters being held captive remain in prison. \"Does that seem likely?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region."} +{"dialogue":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Opening a restaurant without money was a difficult and risky venture"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly.",". . . Even if you're playing chess. So as we look at the world cup of chess, which is happening right now, what are you going to be watching for?What are the things you'll see and you'll think, that's somebody who's using some training?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Energy does not actually crash but the person gets very tired after a while."} +{"dialogue":["So I've started shifting to doing a lot more interviews, which I love, and just stories about the major cases that are happening at the Supreme Court right now or that they're going to hear. And that's kind of what the other kids who've joined the blog have been doing as well. And I'm so psyched to have them on. I have five other teenagers who are all just so smart and passionate about the Court. It's been very cool to make friends who are my age who have the same kind of fanaticism that I do.","Why should young people be interested in the Supreme Court?I mean, what's your pitch to them?","High schoolers should care because the Supreme Court is enormously influential in our society. It makes decisions that affect where we can live, what rights we have when we're arrested, who we can marry, how much power a president has and so many other things, I couldn't list them on here. It really matters, so I think that high schoolers should get in the habit of paying attention, just as they might keep up with President Trump's tweets or a contentious Senate debate because it'll serve them well to be civically engaged and to know their rights.","And when you tell that to them, do they listen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person is happy, engaged, and hopeful by having teenagers on the blog."} +{"dialogue":["Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.","Because that's really how \"Hey Mister DJ\" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.","Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?","You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The music industry has changed dramatically over time, including accessibility through music, the transition to radio and regulations."} +{"dialogue":["That will vary tremendously among fields, but the simple story is, it'll take awhile. So, even the most wildly optimistic assessment would say that, even if we started drilling now, we won't really see any oil for five years. So, the U. S. Geological Survey looked at, for example, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and even if we started drilling today, we wouldn't really start to produce significant quantities of oil for a decade.","Robert, I know you're familiar with the ongoing debate about energy resources in this country. What we should do?Drill now?Don't drill now?You're a nonpartisan. You're a scientist. How do you view this argument between, really, the Republicans and the Democrats?","You know, the question for this country, for policy is, how will we ensure that we have energy over the next 20 years?To do that, we have a finite amount of capital that we can invest in the energy industry. It's highly unlikely that investing that money in offshore oil and gas drilling will ensure that we have sufficient supplies of energy 10 and 20 years from now. We've tried that experiment in the past. Despite all those wells drilled, domestic oil and gas production continued to decline. So, in hindsight, that money was not effectively spent.","Robert Kaufmann, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Boston University. Robert, thank you.","Oh, you're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Drilling for oil takes a long time and won't immediately solve our energy problems."} +{"dialogue":["Have you been - has there been any retribution for that kind of storytelling?","Actually, there has not been overall. There has been certain individuals from the book who have contacted me, who now are upset, because they figure can immediately identify them. But prior to the book, and while I was writing it, I did reach out to the majority of the people in the book, and, you know, inform them that I was writing the book, and how I was depicting them in the book.","And I told them that I was changing their names and - you know, and I read to them their descriptions and things of that nature. So a lot of people were very supportive in the beginning, and a lot of people are still continuing to be supportive.","But I think, you know, because now the book, you know, is festering, people are starting to read it, they're getting to pick out and, you know, identify certain people in the book. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Certain individuals are unhappy because they can recognize themselves in the book"} +{"dialogue":["Obviously there's some niche that the starfish occupy. Should we be worried if - what we might do to the ecosystem if we get rid of these starfish?","You know, I think it would only be in the dreams of a few people that they might possibly be able to get rid of all of them. What they're trying to do is cut back on the numbers. So they're going to remove as many as they can, but you're still going to have some out there.","And these sea stars are out there on a lot of reefs in the Pacific in low numbers. You can see little trails of white, dead corals that they've left behind as they've gone along feeding, and that will continue to happen. They're not going to get rid of every last one of them.","But the increase in numbers, I mean, you're talking about going onto reefs and having hundreds to thousands times as many starfish on a reef as you normally would see, and that's a big difference."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The significant increase in the number of starfish is a cause for concern"} +{"dialogue":["But any discussion of regulating it?","Yeah, absolutely. And in fact, the organizer did bring in a bunch of bioethicists to attend this meeting to really remind people of the concerns people have about this. And for example, one of the bioethicists got up in the opening stages of the meeting to remind people that this is the 200th anniversary of the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein,\" and people could sort of draw a connection between these two events in their minds. And so they had to be really careful. They had to be really transparent to make sure that society has an open debate about this sort of thing before it gets too far down the road.","All right, Rob Stein, NPR Health correspondent, thanks so much.","Oh, sure. Great being here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Turn (2) contains an example of figurative language, where the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein\" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology is symbolic rather than literal. The bioethicist is using the reference to \"Frankenstein\" to illustrate the potential dangers of unbridled scientific progress, rather than making a direct comparison between the two events."} +{"dialogue":["That is amazing. And I want to ask about another thing here, as well, and that has to do with homeownership, which I know you have focused on. The percentage of people who own their own homes is on the way down.","That's right. The share of Americans who own their own homes, which soared during the housing boom of the 2000s, is now lower than it was back in 1995. It's turned up a little bit lately, but it's - the decline is particularly pronounced among young people - among people under age 40. In fact, when you look across the expansion, the scars of the Great Recession are most evident in people who are really the younger generations.","You know, when you talk about the difference between winners and losers, you can see it here. Home prices have gone up, which means if I already own a home, I'm in great shape and feel wealthy. But if I haven't bought in yet, I'm going to have trouble getting in.","That's absolutely true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Decline in homeownership is affecting young people the most."} +{"dialogue":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The people of Hong Kong are not willing to trade their freedom for economic growth offered by China's government."} +{"dialogue":["Earlier today, U. S. Secretary of State John Kerry held a joint news conference with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal who told reporters his country can not ignore military intervention from Iran and Hezbollah in support of President Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Saudi Arabia already sends arms to the Syrian opposition. The U. S. also plans to provide light arms to the rebel forces. But the Saudi foreign minister said more is now required. NPR foreign correspondent Deb Amos joins us now from NPR's bureau in Beirut. Nice to have you back one more time.","Very nice to be here.","Everyone knows Saudi Arabia and Iran are sometimes bitter rivals and on opposite sides in Syria. What does it mean for the Saudi foreign minister to speak so bluntly as he stands next to the U. S. secretary of state?","What is different here is a change in tone. The language was very, very tough today. The Saudi foreign minister talked about genocide by the government of Syria. He talked about an outside invasion. He's talking about the Iranians and Hezbollah, the Shiite militant group here in Lebanon. He says they have a massive flow of weapons, and that that must be stopped. He was asking for a resolution to have an arms embargo on the Syrians, nigh on impossible. What he's talking about, one would guess, is a U. N. resolution and any resolution that would ban weapons would be certainly vetoed by the Russians and most likely the Chinese. But they were venting, the Saudis today, as John Kerry was there for talks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Saudi foreign minister might not be actually standing next to the U.S. Secretary of State, but figurately. "} +{"dialogue":["Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .","To write about?Well, yeah. The things that I'm always looking for are things that have the quality, as you heard me say a few times, they make people laugh and then think. When you first see them, they're funny. You have almost no choice but to laugh. And then a few days later, you find it still rattling around in your head, and you just want to tell somebody about it. These are the things that really - they're funny mainly because they're so unexpected. There's something about them that you just - at first glance, it's beyond anything you ever had any reason to think about it, just - it's staggering. Maybe later on when you get used to it, it doesn't seem funny anymore, but at first glance. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Funny things that make people think and stick in their mind"} +{"dialogue":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr. Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Urban League was interested in how the candidates would address issues of race, economics, criminal justice, and cities. "} +{"dialogue":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The fact that the bonus pool is the sixth largest on record contradicts the idea of financial service firms facing difficult times."} +{"dialogue":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The supporters of Jeremy Corbyn are very committed and enthusiastic about him."} +{"dialogue":["So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?","We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.","Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.","High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) - Describe for our listeners what the monarch butterflies look like, instead of asking the listeners to actually go and see them. "} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Scott.","You have seen the Saudi statement. What does it tell you about how the kingdom is handling the crisis?","What we see is that for the first time, officially, the Saudis say that Jamal Khashoggi is dead. The account places blame on senior advisers - none of them royals - for a policy that's gone terribly wrong. The Saudis now admit that there's a standing order to bring dissidents back to the kingdom by force, if necessary. But the account lays the blame on these senior security officials who went beyond the order. They killed this dissident journalist. They covered up the murder. Why did the Saudi leadership fail to confirm his death earlier?Bad news travels slowly to the top is how one Saudi defender put it on Twitter. These latest accounts distanced the top leadership and especially the powerful crown prince. But there are so many questions left to be answered.","One of the biggest right in front of us - where is Mr. Khashoggi's body?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it"} +{"dialogue":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things."} +{"dialogue":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The kids were smarter than the other kids in their class."} +{"dialogue":["Well, in Vienna, people are extremely concerned. Although Vienna has a very long history as a Social Democratic city, it's known, in fact, as Red Vienna. But you know, the first poll since the scandal came out yesterday, and the Freedom Party lost 4% to 5%. But they're still polling at 18%. So their core supporters remain loyal and support their anti-immigrant, anti-LGBT agenda.","And is this all anybody's talking about?","Oh, my goodness, you can't avoid it. I mean, the cafe on the ground floor of my apartment building has painted up on its windows, we're going to Ibiza. Everyone's moved on from the shock to the speculation of the provenance of the video and the question of whether or not this vote of - motion of no confidence will go through.","Valerie Hopkins of the financial times speaking with us from Vienna, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The scandal involving the Freedom Party is the topic of discussion everywhere, and people are now speculating about the video's source and whether a no-confidence vote will be successful."} +{"dialogue":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Frederick the Wise was so learned and yet he still believed in the power of relics, suggesting that people can be misguided even when they are very knowledgeable."} +{"dialogue":["Well, in short, yes, sort of. This river is high because of extreme rain. So when it rains here now, it rains more than it used to in the past. And that's in line with what we would see under climate change conditions. The National Climate Assessment predicts that when it rains, it's going to rain more in the future because warmer air can hold more moisture.","And actually, already, we're seeing that in the Midwest and along the East Coast. Sometimes 50% more rain is falling in a single rain event than used to earlier this century. I hear a lot of flood plain managers use the word unprecedented. It's the kind of rain that we just haven't seen in the past.","What does this mean for places in the Midwest and South?","Well, there's a lot of stress on infrastructure that really was not built to hold this. So all along the river, along rivers like this, there are levees. And in places like this, they were actually built to make sure there's enough water for barges to ship things down the river. They really were not designed to hold back floodwater at all, and they really weren't designed to hold back this amount of water for this long."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Levees were not built to handle current floodwater levels"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah?","But that was one that you know, through all the red tape, it actually made it to the record.","So, from an audience standpoint, Miles Davis, it was crazy to see him in the '80s. You know, back to the audience, head down, blow a couple of notes, walk off stage for half hour and come back. What was it like working with him during that time?","Well, during the '80s I think he was passed that. I think it was more like that in the '60s. In the '80s, he was very open. I mean, he was a good friend to me. I spent a lot of personal time with him, you know, at his house and just chatting, and he would paint, you know, and we would just hang out, man. I spent a lot of quality time with him, you know.","You also are into blues, obviously. \"The Good Girl Blues\" that was the last CD. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Discussing the difficulties to get something done despite bureaucracy"} +{"dialogue":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The numbers in the report confirm that the use of incarceration in the US has been consistently high for decades, and the country stands alone globally in its incarceration rates."} +{"dialogue":["Good to be with you, Scott.","So do you see the governor getting through the weekend?","It's hard to see how he can continue in politics, Scott. The visuals here are a hideous reminder at the very beginning of Black History Month of what passed for college humor not too long ago. Northam may be a changed man today. All indications are that he's been an agent of change and racial healing as a man in the military, a man of medicine in Virginia. And it just is so difficult to see how he can go on now with all these calls from all of his allies for him to step down.","And to repeat, it was in his medical school yearbook, and this must have been some kind of ticking time bomb."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : an agent of change is someone who speaks up for change"} +{"dialogue":["We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?","You know, I think that right now it's hard to tell what the lessons are because there's no clear chain of accountability or decision making. The first question you ask yourself is who is in charge of this thing?You had a mission - a State Department mission on the ground.","Theoretically everyone in that mission, including that special operations team that supposedly could've reacted to this thing was working for the head of mission, which in this case was a deputy chief of mission since the ambassador was the individual involved. And it's unclear to me even at this point if he had the authority to launch that special operations team or whether someone outside that chain of command and Department of Defense or Southern Command, or pardon me, in Special Operations Command, you know, overruled that. And it's never become obvious to me what that chain of command was. And it seemed to me that would be one of the first questions the congressional people are asking - doing the inquiries should've been asking."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The line did not break but somewhere in time things got worse."} +{"dialogue":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is not a table but people get to leave the negotiation."} +{"dialogue":["Governor, let me have you answer your own question. Why are fewer businesses being created?","There are a combination of reasons behind the reduction in business creation. One is that we - like any enterprise - and government is an enterprise - we've had more and more kind of red tape. And sometimes that bureaucracy is excessive and makes it harder for people - the successful employees in somebody else's company - makes it harder for them to take a leap and start their own business.","But I also think a big part of it is we have a consolidation of just two or three companies dominate that industry, right?There - 84% of all the hardware sales are from two companies. So starting a neighborhood hardware company is almost out of the question. People don't think they have a chance.","The question of whether or not certain companies are monopolies has come up again and again throughout the course of this campaign. Would you break up the big tech giants - Facebook and Amazon - as Elizabeth Warren has said she would do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Red tape and excessive bureaucracy make it hard to start a business."} +{"dialogue":["I did want to ask about your take on U. S. policy in northeast Syria because back in January, you wrote on your website that it's working. You said that the U. S. has helped defeat ISIS and prevent its resurgence, and it's done so not solely through direct military engagement, but by assisting a partner force. And I wanted to ask if you think that this assistance is sufficient to keep the threat of an ISIS resurgence in check.","It is sufficient as a foundation because what you see now is local folks holding local towns and working their best to keep them safe. But it is an international problem that requires international investment to help people have water and power and schools that run. And they merit our investment.","That was writer Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, who just returned from a reporting trip in Syria. Gayle, thanks so much for talking to us once again.","Pleasure to join you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : International investment is necessary to maintain the success against ISIS"} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's a toolkit, and so what we think it is it's multifunctional, depending on what the particular need is for the attackers. They probably use this in multiple operations, a variety of operations, and so depending on what they need for a specific target, what they want to steal, they will only download those particular modules to the system.","So in some cases they may be wanting just documents, and so they'll just, you know, download a module that does that. If they want to be listening to meetings that are happening in a room, want to be monitoring email of who's communicating with who, then they would download, you know, those kinds of modules.","Who's the they behind this?","Well, that's the mystery. You know, if we look at where the infections are occurring, and you mentioned that it's primarily in the Middle East, there have been a scattering of infections in Hungary, Austria, Hong Kong, but they're mostly in Iran, places like Syria, Sudan as well, Lebanon, and some cases in occupied West Bank and inside Israel. But the inside Israel ones may be unique for specific reasons."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"what we think it is it's multifunctional\" - This phrase is redundant and can be simplified to \"we think it is multifunctional.\""} +{"dialogue":["Feel at home here.","So, you know, the oceans, they aren't just sitting there. It's not just still water. There are currents. There are winds blowing over the top of them. And in case of the circulation in the Atlantic, the wind is blowing, piles water up in the middle because of something called Ekman transport. You can look that up on Wikipedia. And it makes a big pile - a hill of water in the middle of the Atlantic.","Really?","It's about a meter high, something like that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The author is talking about a 'pile' of water which of course is not a thing, instead he is talking about a swelling of the ocean created by water flowing in and being manipulated by currents and underwater streams and such"} +{"dialogue":["But Zoe Wesloski(ph) emailed from Pittsburgh to say: I don't get it. I'm 39. This was not an option for my generation. Not only did I enter the job market without a college degree, but I found a way to survive. And when I left home at 22, I never went back. I found a way to make it through nursing school as a single mother in my 30s. She continued: I don't know what's wrong with this generation, but it sure as hell ain't the economy.","We also spoke with New York Times writer Alex Williams about the challenges of making friends after college. Anne Scranton(ph) in Blue Ash, Ohio, wrote: Everyone told me I'd make lots of mom friends when my kids got in school. But as a working mom, I found it tough to connect on weekends when many families are having family time. I decided to enroll in a leadership class held in the city where I work, and through that class, I've met other working families and folks of all ages and stages. Everyone needs to be open-minded in reaching out to people of all ages. We all have experiences to share.","And finally, Greg Alexander in Bloomington, Indiana reminded us that the beginning and end of the story of adult bonding is happy hour. It's good to go to a place where everybody knows your name. Cheers.","(Singing) Sometimes you want to go where everybody knows your name, and they're always glad you came. You want to be where you can see. Our troubles are all the same. You want to be where everybody knows your name."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People of all ages can make good friends regardless of their stage in life"} +{"dialogue":["So what was the content posted in The Donald that led to this action?","Well, it's hard to say, I suppose would be the answer to that, because the Reddit staff are opaque a lot of the time and what actions they take and why. The best guess we have is that a few days ago, there were several posts and comments on that subreddit that were - seemed to be calling for violent action against public officials in the U. S. state of Oregon - this in response to the Republican walkout over House Bill 2020 in that state, the Climate Change Act, that has caused the Republican delegation to flee the state rather than vote. There were posts - calling for things like taking up arms, flooding into the state of Oregon, defending these people with violence and going after public officials with violence.","I think many people will be familiar with Reddit because they're interested in, you know, cat videos and things of that sort. But other people are aware that Reddit has come up a lot in the conversation around the spread of white supremacy and other extremist ideas. I mean, why is that?","I think that Reddit would have trouble dealing with these issues more than other social media sites would because of that focus on designing the site to center it around an idea or a group of people rather than an individual. That's a change that allows people with common interests to come together and discuss, advocate and act on those interests more easily than they might be able to in other places. And, again, on Reddit, they can also often do so anonymously."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Reddit staff does not always disclose why they take certain actions."} +{"dialogue":["You could wear it on your clothing?","Right. Well, their hope is - I mean, the - I think the sort of grand dream here is that if you make these little pocket factory sort of easy, you know, easy to install in cities, then inventors and companies who might have a need for micro solar but didn't want to go through the rigmarole of acquiring those panels before might incorporate them. So you could have sort of more micro solar use. That's their grand dream, although of course they say, you know, who knows?","Well - but you see, working - so the Video Pick of the Week is the video - it's up on our website at sciencefriday. com, in Flora's backyard. You get a little peek. . .","Yeah. Don't judge me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The goal is to make micro solar installation easy and convenient for inventors and companies."} +{"dialogue":["Who works her curves fabulously.","She does.","Who actually has designed a big girl bra for Ashley Stewart, she got divorced from Lyzel who, of the song \"Lyzel in E Flat\", which is one of my favorites. But she's announced she's getting hitched again. Who's the lucky man?","A drummer in her band, like called Little John, but is not Little John. That Little John is. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The person being referred to has accomplished many things and is currently engaged."} +{"dialogue":["No, that felt great. Did it make up?I can't go back to my life pre-June 1, 2017, where I'm getting smeared. And as a Muslim, being attacked with the worst anti-Muslim trope you can say is that I'm a Muslim and I'm a terrorist. So it was very painful. It was painful to have friends and family express concerns. It was painful to contact security at Daily Beast and my radio channel to say, hey, we might be visited by white supremacists coming to kill me. And they might kill innocent people I work with. That was all horrible.","But through this all, I've never once questioned doing this. This is the right thing to do. It's the thing we have to do. And I'm happy we got the judgment. And we're going to continue. And I hope it inspires others and gives them a roadmap to say, don't be silent. There are lawyers who will represent you - I'm not kidding - free of charge for this kind of work to make it clear that we're not going to cower from these people. We're going to sue them. We're going to win. We're going to get their money.","That's Dean Obeidallah. He's the host of \"The Dean Obeidallah Show\" on Sirius XM. He's a columnist for The Daily Beast. And he's a comedian and a former lawyer. Dean, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thanks for having me on, Michel. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's important to stand up to hate and bigotry by taking legal action."} +{"dialogue":["Really bad, bad things.","Those are very difficult things to cope with, and certainly, those are realities unfortunately for millions of Americans. There are some things that we can do things about and there are some things we can't do things about. But if we focus on how you change the way you look at it, what you do, how you communicate, clarifying and prioritizing your values, becoming part of the community, helping other people, you don't have to wait six months to do those things. You can start doing some of those things today.","You don't even have to wait till you're laid off to do these things. Let's just put that out there.","You know, it's a way of living your life that works well all the time, but it's a great set of tools to have during this particular time, the time in between jobs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The tools mentioned aren't literally tools, they are resources or actions people can take to kelp themselves."} +{"dialogue":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr. Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Implies that the event was of great significance"} +{"dialogue":["And also they X-rayed them and they put it contrast eyes. And they found this sort of anatomical differences that would allow owls to do this.","One thing that struck you about the video that they sent as well as it struck me.","I think struck you. I'm not sure.","Was that right at the beginning of the video, you watch the video and one of the scientists is there and he's got an owl on his arm. And they're absolutely - they look alike. And now you say people look like their pets. He looks \u2014 he's standing still. Both their eyes are facing forward and it looks like - just like his owl."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them. "} +{"dialogue":["I think Napoleon hated him partly because he didn't like the fact that this 6-foot-plus, incredibly dashing and physically brilliant general was such a contrast to him in every way. Napoleon, the brilliant strategist. So Napoleon didn't like being showed up. Also, he didn't like being confronted. He hated that and Dumas was really somebody who couldn't stop from speaking his mind.","And in 1798, Napoleon leads what they call the Expedition to Egypt, which is the French invasion of the Egypt. And he confronted Napoleon and said, essentially, I think this is an unjust and ill-considered, crazy venture. We're losing thousands of men to disease and what are we trying to do?Bring an empire to the Middle East?that's not why I joined the Revolution. I joined the Revolution to bring liberty, equality and fraternity to people.","And that confrontation, which was a public confrontation, was something that Napoleon could never forgive.","How did General Dumas wind up in prison?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Revkin told me about a man named Khaled. He worked at a slaughterhouse that ISIS took control of, leaving him with a choice - stay at the job and work for ISIS or leave and face retaliation.","Khaled, like many residents of Mosul, decided that cooperation was the only way to survive. So he continued working in the slaughterhouse. He claimed that he was never trained. He never received combat training or used a weapon or participated in any military operations on behalf of the group. But nonetheless, three years later, when Iraqi security forces, supported by the international coalition, recaptured Mosul, he was 1 of more than 90,000 people who have been detained on suspicion of association with the group. And he was arrested solely on the basis of testimony from a secret informant who had apparently witnessed him pledging allegiance, even though Khaled insisted that this pledge was involuntary and coerced.","So, you know, during the trial, I saw him explain that his work consisted only of feeding and caring for animals at the slaughterhouse. But nonetheless, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison after a trial that lasted less than 30 minutes. And the judges actually told him that he was lucky to receive such a lenient sentence because the crime for which he was convicted, which was membership in a terrorist group, generally brings capital punishment.","A lot of post-ISIS life is figuring out who was or who was not involved in ISIS and bringing the appropriate perpetrators to justice. This is done mostly through courts?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Khaled was put in a difficult situation by ISIS and had to choose between working for them or risking retaliation."} +{"dialogue":["I was going to ask you about that. The Senate has changed hands, but they have a few weeks. Sometimes the president does get lame-duck nominations.","It's possible. The White House is telling me they're not going to push or jam her through. They think Loretta Lynch is so noncontroversial that there is a chance the Senate will take her up in the next few weeks before the Christmas holiday. But more likely, they could start the process with Democrats in control. Pat Leahy, the chairman of the Judiciary Committee now, a Democrat from Vermont, could start the process. And then the nomination would continue into the new Congress. That's what happened with the John Ashcroft nomination to lead the Justice Department in the Bush years.","Well, now, as we note, she's not the first woman to head the Justice Department. That was Janet Reno in the Clinton Administration. Is she going to be the same kind of figure that Janet Reno was?Janet Reno was very separate from President Clinton, unlike most attorneys general.","Well, this is an important point, Linda, because the White House says she's going to be apolitical and independent. The current attorney general, Eric Holder, who's vowed to stay on until Lynch is confirmed as his successor, has really been a political lightning rod. And Lynch is more going to a steward."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The White House is suggesting that Lynch will be a passive \"steward\" of the Department, in contrast to Holder's more active approach."} +{"dialogue":["So we just had midterm elections, as you know, and people really said health care is an important issue to them. And, you know, that's not a surprise. But lots of Republicans were running ads during this midterm, saying that they were the ones who are going to protect people's health care and, specifically, protect people with pre-existing conditions, which is one of those more sensitive issues around the Affordable Care Act. People want to make sure that if they're sick, they can get insurance.","But in this lawsuit, these Republican attorneys general specifically argue that the pre-existing condition protections had to be struck down when that mandate went away. So now you have Republicans sort of trying to play both sides, which is going to be difficult.","And then there's one other point that, you know, I think a lawyer made to me last night. Congress, in 2017, voted multiple times on whether to repeal the Affordable Care Act, and they didn't do it. And now this judge has gone in and done it by himself. And one lawyer called this a breathtaking act of judicial activism.","In the end, if the Affordable Care Act goes away, if it's abolished, what can we expect to happen?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Republican politicians are trying to both protect and remove pre-existing condition protections"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The invisibility and tastelessness of water problems make it easier for them to go unnoticed and unaddressed, leading to potential risks to public health and safety."} +{"dialogue":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite facing several difficult situations, the Imus ordeal made the person feel powerless"} +{"dialogue":["As soon as we saw it, there's no mistaking it, Mr. Fernandez told the New York Post. It's basically a miniature version of the shark you see in the movie \"Jaws. \"And Mr. Fernandez and his fishing buddies were in a boat not far off 116th Street. Close enough, as he said, that we could still see the colors of the bathing suits of the people on the beach.","The great white that Steve Fernandez snagged turned out to be an 80 pound baby shark. The shark's mother, who probably weighs about 600 pounds, was swimming only a little further away. Great white sharks are apparently protected by New York State regulations. The authorities consider sharks too big to fail so the fisher people snapped a few shark selfies and slipped their catch back into the see. A great white shark in far Rockaway, Queens - well, why not?They say you can find at least one of everything somewhere in New York. But wouldn't you think the sharks would swim closer to Wall Street?","(Singing) Baby there's a shark in the water. There's something underneath my bed. Oh, please believe, I said. Baby there's a shark in the water. I caught them barking at the moon. You better get here soon.","V. V. Brown. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The lyrics of the song in turn 3 are actually about a romantic relationship, not an actual shark in the water."} +{"dialogue":["There also seemed to be some significant milestones this week about the ongoing debate over - is this Trump's party now?We saw a lot of well-known intellectuals sort of leave the party. Longtime Republican strategist Steve Schmidt said he quit the Republican Party. Conservative columnist George Will called for Republicans to lose their majorities. And the sad death of Charles Krauthammer also seemed to signal maybe an end of an era here.","I think it is. Charles was a friend and a colleague. And I think his loss isn't just to conservatism in particular, but it's to political discourse in general because Charles was an - a conservative intellectual, not a Republican partisan. There was nothing tribal about him. So that was a really big loss.","Do you think there's any impact for people like Steve Schmidt leaving the party?","You mean impact on him?Well, he's not going to get Republican clients anymore. But. . .","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : No actual stones marking miles, but events that mark changes in other events."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr. DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) - This is asking for the biggest worries or concerns of Mr. DeMaria regarding the effects of the hurricane."} +{"dialogue":["Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues.","That's exactly right.","OK. How about another case?","Sure. A group of children reported a woman had just threatened to shoot them all and had pointed something that looked like a handgun at them. An officer went to the scene and then interviewed the woman, who said, yes, I did make that threat. Here is the mock handgun. I think it was a paper towel roll wrapped in electrician's tape. Here's what I pointed at them, but, officer, there is a real gun, a revolver, under my living room table. The officer contacted a judge, got an emergency restraining order, took possession of the firearm and took the woman into custody for having made the threats. While in custody, she continued to declare quite explicitly her intent to kill those children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : to get your hands on something is to buy something, or to touch something, in this case the person was getting a gun"} +{"dialogue":["So I guess you could be arguing that they're just coming down to realistic levels.","Yeah, I could be arguing that.","All right. Well, let's talk about what this means in relation to the president's recently announced housing rescue package. Now, I understand that it's only applicable if you have a loan of less than $417,000. In other words, not a jumbo loan, and if you're only five percent underwater.","That's right. It does include people who have not defaulted yet, which is a good thing, and it's focused on the right target. The right target is this auctions market, which has gotten clogged. That's really by and large - it's all over the country, but it's particularly in low states, in these four states, and it's at the low end of the market. So most of the properties that are in foreclosure or a lot of the properties in foreclosure are actually within that conforming limit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The auction market has too many houses up for auction and not enough being bought."} +{"dialogue":["Because banks are saying no, we can't do it?","Banks find the credit cards more profitable than traditional bank loans. Frequently they are able to charge, you know, much higher interest rates. Their interest rates are much more volatile. They can go from a 12 percent rate to a 30 percent rate because of any number of factors that may or may not be beyond the control of consumers and small business owners. You don't get charged for their percent on traditional bank loans.","So, are you getting calls from your membership and are they agitated?What are they saying to you?","I wouldn't say we've been getting a whole lot of calls right now. Mostly because I think - like I said, a lot of small business owners aren't quite sure what to think of the financial bailout. Also, a lot are hunkering down, trying to just weather the storm. And they're focused more on trying to run their business and, you know, make some sort of margin of profit with soaring energy costs and rising health care costs. And now all of this volatility, so they're just trying to, you know, weather through."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Small business owners are struggling to survive amidst rising costs and market volatility."} +{"dialogue":["The death toll in Sudan has risen sharply. A doctors group there now says more than 30 people were killed and hundreds wounded when the military fired on a sit-in outside the defense ministry. Pro-democracy protesters want a new government in Sudan. They have been negotiating with the military. In a televised statement, the military said now all agreements are off, and elections will happen within nine months.","Joining us now is Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN. She was in Sudan not long ago, and she joins us now from London. Thanks so much for being with us this morning.","Good morning, Rachel.","Nima, I understand you're in touch with people in Khartoum. What are you hearing now that this violence has happened?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The military opened fire on peaceful protesters resulting in numerous deaths and injuries, causing political instability in Sudan."} +{"dialogue":["I think his great forte is understanding the problems that we face. He's had great experiences. You know, he was raised - a good part of his youth was in France. He speaks French fluently and understands Europeans quite well, and his being the Allied commander in Europe was absolutely a perfect fit. And he can expand that in giving advice in problems, literally, all over the world.","I read that James Jones went to Georgetown University, where he played basketball. Do you have any sensed of maybe whether he and President-elect Obama might discuss security issues over a game of hoops?","I wouldn't doubt it. President-elect Obama would also find he's a competitor. That ought to be an interesting basketball game.","Congressman Ike Skelton of Missouri. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person mentioned has a talent for comprehending problems and advising on them worldwide, due to his experiences and background, not necessarily related to France."} +{"dialogue":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Climate change could be affecting Italian olive oil production."} +{"dialogue":["That leaves a very unnerving feeling because, if they're on the loose, and they're on a suicide mission, and they're not - you know, they could strike at any point of time. So, it does definitely leave an unnerving feeling. As long as you're home, you're secure. But one doesn't know what to expect tomorrow.","Mr. Doctor, I understand that you are a Muslim. Is that correct?","That is correct, yeah.","So far, there has not been official confirmation of who's responsible for these attacks, but they have been attributed, at least in part, to Islamic militants. How do you think the situation there might affect Hindu-Muslim relations in Mumbai?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is fear and uncertainty due to potential attacks by unidentified individuals"} +{"dialogue":["What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?","The corn the majority of the Midwest grows goes toward feeding pigs, feeding cows, feeding a lot of different livestock, also goes toward corn oil and ethanol and various products that are on our store shelves. Long story short, we're looking at lower supply, which should increase the price if the demand stays the same.","But before we let you go, I mentioned that you're a fourth-generation farmer. And I presume that you've talked to your parents about the rain situation, the heavy rains. Have they ever seen anything like this before?","No. This is relatively unprecedented. I was talking to a neighbor here the other day about the drought in 2012. And, you know, we had a really short crop in 2012 because it got so hot and so dry. The corn crop didn't amount to anything, but at least we were able to get it in the ground. When you go out into a situation like this where we can't get the seed into the ground, it's worse than a drought for the fact that, you know, you don't even have a chance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The shortage of corn may lead to a price increase in the market."} +{"dialogue":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Knicks come in and let people do better than they do at basketball."} +{"dialogue":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr. Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Men can also be interested in the spa-product industry."} +{"dialogue":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The sentence given to Karodzic serves as a warning to those who commit war crimes that there will be consequences for their actions."} +{"dialogue":["It has not. I think that's an appropriate term. And I think a lot of that happened in the beginning because there was just a lot of misinformation about our agreements because, at the end of the day, their perspective is we are siphoning off resources from our current students in order to, quote, unquote, \"teach these students. \"And so we wanted to make sure and assure our community that that is not happening. Any resources that we're providing to Southwest Key is actually coming through other district resources and is indeed not taken away from current students.","How do you answer the reservations of people who say - look - you're just encouraging families to undertake a dangerous journey across the border because if their children wind up on the U. S. side, they're going to get an education?","It is our moral obligation, our legal obligation. That's the only lens I'm looking through.","Explain that legal obligation to me, if you could."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Southwest Key is not taking resources away from current students"} +{"dialogue":["I think the - the city will continue as it is. It's still the heart of all economic activity, of business. The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is nearly 60 years old. The first Indonesian president, I think, in 1957 already came up with plans. In fact, they build a city in another part of Indonesian Borneo that was going to be the new capital.","Now, that didn't happen. But - so these plans are - have been around for a long time, and this has also got to do with taking the center of Indonesia's power, which is now concentrated on the island of Java, more centrally to Indonesia.","So the proposed new location in Borneo - is that a better choice for a capital?","It's not too bad. I've lived in the area for quite some time. There is tropical rainforest, and the government has emphasized that they want this to be a really green development. There's going to be no deforestation. There's going to be very smart planning. Of course, environmentalists like myself are concerned about what is going to happen once you move a million people into a relatively sparsely part of Indonesian Borneo. That likely will have significant impacts on the environment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Moving a million people to a sparsely populated area may harm the environment despite the government's plans for green development."} +{"dialogue":["They are, yes, they're getting longer. Yeah, the Earth's spinning down. And this actually goes back to George Darwin's original idea that the Earth could have been spinning really fast because being the son of Charles Darwin, he was familiar with the fossil record, and there were these puzzles when you looked at certain fossils that should have little layers accreted on the - you know, I think it was corals every day.","You know, go deep back into the fossil record, and you start to see 400 layers accreted per year instead of 365. And so there was this evidence that there were more days per year, which indicates that the days were shorter. And so our days are lengthening, the months are lengthening. There's nothing you can do about it.","I think that's a great place to call it. Thank you, Dr. Asphaug, for coming and joining us on the show.","Oh, you're most welcome, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Earth's days are getting longer due to the planet spinning slower and there were more days per year in the past based on fossil record evidence."} +{"dialogue":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die? No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think some tariffs do. I think this is a misguided policy. It was not thought out well. Of course, it helps the big steel companies, but it's going to affect all the downstream manufacturing jobs. You know, we're asking for help for them to grant our exclusions that we filed. And it can be approved by President Trump just by signing the exclusion, and that's what we're asking him to do.","Mr. Pratt, will the people who lost their jobs at Mid Continent be able to find jobs elsewhere?","It will be tough in our area. I mean, it's an area of 17,000 people. We're the second-largest employer in the area, employing over 500 at one time. And it will be tough for them to find other jobs.","In the 2016 election, Donald Trump got 80 percent of the vote in Poplar Bluff and in surrounding counties. Has local support for President Trump changed because of what is happening to your company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The jobs are with companies that use the steel that is made for their products."} +{"dialogue":["Like what?","Well, one of the first that we did was a tomb that the University of Pennsylvania museum excavated in central Turkey, which is believed to be either the tomb of Midas or his father, Gordias, west of Ankara. And it was done by the museum back in 1957 and had one of the largest Iron Age drinking sets in it that the excavators had the foresight to bring the residues in the drinking set back here to Philadelphia.","And it was one of the easiest excavations I was ever on. I just had to walk up two flights of stairs, gather up the residues, and then we started doing our analysis.","So you take the dregs, so to speak, out of the amphora - the jugs, and you bring it back to the lab, and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : You take the unimportant things out of something beautiful and bring them to the lab."} +{"dialogue":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Emotions are not just mental, but physical experiences in the body."} +{"dialogue":["They open doors at about seven in the morning. The stores aren't open until 11 on Sundays. So there's just hours and hours of people just walking through the mall.","David Segal is a writer for the New York Times. His latest article is called \"Our Love Affair with Malls Is on the Rocks. \"David, thank you.","You're very welcome.","Stay with us. It's free, from Day to Day on NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The mall opens early and people walk around for hours before stores open."} +{"dialogue":["There's tanks - a row of tanks that stretches from one end of the square to the other. It's clear that that square will have a symbolic meaning to this army for some time to come. We're now moving in front of another long line of soldiers. And as we pass, they lock their eyes on this rickshaw. And they follow us as we move by. We're still moving down the boulevard that's in front of Tiananmen Square. And it's quite remarkable how clean the square is now.","You know, the most memorable thing from that ride was a small, English sign that was hanging from a bridge. And it said, all these things must be answered for. And it was that small flicker of protest that was still there.","And for 30 years since then, the Chinese government has worked hard to erase the memory of what happened in Tiananmen Square that day. How successful has the campaign been?","Pretty successful. Ari, I have met Chinese students who came to the States to study journalism. And for the first time, they read about Tiananmen Square. And I see what happens in their heads. How could I not know about this?They've come to study journalism, and so many of them - I see that mental landscape shift. And they know that they can't be the kind of journalists that they are studying in America. They can't go back to China to do that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Chinese journalism students are restricted in reporting on Tiananmen Square"} +{"dialogue":["Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.","And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.","Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S. government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.","Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S. wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The dollar is not physically stronger, but more can be bought with it now than before."} +{"dialogue":["So do you think this would leave us in a better or worse position after these talks?I mean, it's a question whether or not this will actually go anywhere.","Well, it's - I mean, there's always a possibility that you would have the division laid out and follow-up meetings that strengthen that effort, and it goes somewhere productive. And that's what we all hope for. We'd like to see a denuclearized Korean peninsula. But I suspect it will be more of a pronouncement in which the two countries express interest in that direction. And then the details will get bogged down.","Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Take care now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The talks don't move, but the result of the talks could cause something to happen."} +{"dialogue":["I do. And there was a series that was done on PBS. I think it was - I can't remember which report - I think it was Andrea Mitchell, I'm not sure, where she did a lot of interviews with Generation Next. And these are the young people in our society who are just going into high school. And these are the young people in our society who are just going in to high school. And these are young people who have totally different ideas about race than we do and how they can get along with each other. But what was missing was concrete information, science and history and an understanding of social structure, so that they could have these conversations. So part of what I'm excited about is this is a project that gives young people, who are already thinking about bridging gaps and already thinking about bridging divides of culture and race, to have tools to talk about this in ways that our generation did not.","Yolanda, thank you so much.","You are welcome.","Yolanda Moses is on the advisory board of a project called \"Race - Are We So Different?\"She's also vice-provost for diversity and conflict resolution at the University of California at Riverside."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Yolanda Moses has expertise in diversity and conflict resolution"} +{"dialogue":["This has been a longstanding feature of Libya. The United Arab Emirates and Egypt had been backing General Khalifa Haftar - giving him weapons, conducting airstrikes. And the Tripoli forces have turned to Turkey, who's now providing weapons as well. And so it's a very cynical game, and Libyans are just paying the price for it.","And meanwhile, back to the migrants who, of course - as we mentioned, there's at least 44 who died in this latest attack.","Right.","They're trying to get to Europe. What now?I mean, as you mentioned, the EU has this policy of turning them around, and they end up back in these detention centers and then presumably - what?- trying to make the trip again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The involvement of foreign powers has created chaos in Libya"} +{"dialogue":["And what makes them so good at invading?","Well, they share a suite of traits with a lot of the world's worst invasive ant species, one of which is that they are what's called super-colonial. And on a continental scale they can be called uni-colonial. What that means is that colonies don't recognize boundaries. There's no (unintelligible) population there's no aggression between crazy ants. All individuals in the population treat other individuals in the population as members of the same colony.","So you can take ants from any population in Texas, introduce them into another population in Texas or - I haven't tested this - but probably other parts of the Southeast, and they will join and work together. So that's - it really cuts down the costs of interest-specific competition and can allow the more efficient use of space in the environment they're in.","They also rely very heavily on sugary resources that they get from homoptera insects, things like aphids and mealy bugs. And they seem to be very good at exploiting these resources, which helps maintain their populations at very high densities."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There's no aggression with ants that do not behave like normal ant colonies."} +{"dialogue":["It was pretty openly reported over these past couple of years that Secretary Mattis, General Kelly and Secretary of State Tillerson had a kind of working agreement not to leave President Trump on his own with major decisions. Was this always a little unworkable and even patronizing?I mean, Donald Trump was elected president, after all.","I would be astonished if that rumor were true because that would be an act of real unprofessionalism on all three of their parts. And I think all three of them are more professional than to have engaged in that. Moreover, as the history of it played out, it wasn't true, right (laughter)?So. . .","Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S. withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .","That has. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson were not supportive of President Trump"} +{"dialogue":["Well, Shadow, my producer, who up until then had been noted for producing the Shangri-las, he didn't really try to get me too so much as he gave me a choice. He said if you will change black as night, because the opening line is face is clean and shining black as night. He said if you change that word black to anything - anything else I can guarantee you a number one record. And he said, but it's your choice. And a friend of ours was standing there and he said, quote, unquote, \"you whore now, you'll whore forever,\" and that's a pretty strong words. I was 15 at that time. That was pretty strong. But from my point of view, hey, I was getting to make a record. How cool is that, you know?","Yeah.","When it was a hit or not was secondary.","Let me ask you, is that a scar, or is it just a lesson learned from then that carries with you today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They want to know if that is something that still affects them today or is it a lesson learned."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, and not even as big as a credit card in size - tiny. And she held it up, and my mother fleetingly saw her younger self, so she knew that this was true.","Wow.","She goes home to her mother, and her mother says nothing and summons the father. And eventually, there's a scene and - the mother and father sitting opposite my mother. And they just tell her that they took her in as if a kind of kindness - that she was a sort of waif or a stray and, you know, it was a charitable act. So she immediately began to feel that nobody wanted her.","Pause the story there because you touch on one of the crazier things, which is that bus. When this old woman appears with a photograph, you describe everyone as freezing because they all knew. The whole village, surrounding villages all knew way more about the story of your mother's life than she did until she was a much older woman."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The 'it' that the woman held up is not referring to a physical object, but a photograph"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I have to say that the information on cannibalism and corpse medicine was probably one of my favorites because it's so particularly horrific. People would drink the blood of gladiators. Egyptian tombs were being pillaged for mummies so that they could grind them up into these cures. They were mixed with myrrh and spices and sold in England. And there was even an import tax at the time because there were so many mummies being imported.","And of course though, many of these really gruesome cures didn't work at all. But some of them can be used today to really do something, to really help medically.","Yes. Maybe not mercury, for instance, but arsenic which we think of as the poison that kings would use to kill each other - arsenic today is used as a current treatment for promyelocytic leukemia. And I think a lot of people would be pretty shocked to hear that. Opium, we know, has a long history and still exists today for good and for bad. A lot of these other things like leeches can be used by some surgeons to help - in post-surgical patients to, you know, reduce swelling so that the surgerized tissues survive. So it is shocking to find that a lot of these things still are alive and well in our pharmacopoeias and in our hospitals.","But a little more delicately used."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Many things that were once considered archaic, or even dangerous, are still used in medicine today"} +{"dialogue":["Firefighting is dangerous - raging flames, choking smoke, hot, floating ash - but what about the long-term health effects that persist after the fire's been doused and firefighters have gone home?The Chicago Tribune investigated links between fighting fires and deadly cancers that can catch up to those first responders long after they leave a scene. Karen Ann Cullotta reported the story, and she told us she started looking into it after two firefighters in the Chicago area died.","I wrote obituaries for both of them, and I was kind of taken aback that they were both young, and these were what was being called line-of-duty deaths cancer deaths. So I started asking around different fire departments and saying, you know, is this something you're seeing?Is this something that's being talked about?And without exception, every department I spoke with said this is pretty much all we're talking about.","Is it the toxic smoke?What is it?","Yeah. So there's just - there's a lot of questions - unanswered questions. And while there's been research into this for years, it's still unfolding. They've always known that, of course, inhaling smoke is dangerous. But now, these studies are looking at these toxins that are in the smoke and that settle on the skin. So it's not just inhalation. It's actually getting into the skin and into the blood stream from exposed areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Firefighting can have long-term health consequences for first responders, including deadly cancers."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee.","Yes. So this is sort of a test of whether real progressive candidates can win in these sort of purplish states. And so that's going to be a really - you have a Trump ally there in Ron DeSantis. It's going to be, I think, a really close race still. Next door in Georgia, another woman trying to make history - Stacey Abrams would be the first African-American woman ever elected governor.","Right.","And that's a state that is changing. Has it changed enough?That's a really big question. And then there's sort of a handful of surprising opportunities for Democrats in the Midwest and in the Sun Belt. Nevada and Ohio - those were always sort of toss-ups. But then Democrats have real chances to flip some places - really ruby-red territory - like Kansas, South Dakota, maybe even Oklahoma."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"Purplish\" states are not really colored. They refer to US states that are neither clearly Republican (red) nor Democrat (blue) in their voting.."} +{"dialogue":["Well, first, they obviously don't enjoy broad support among the population. They do have a core group of support, but if forced to stand in election, they would lose. Which is why they have avoided that, or attempted to manipulate or manufacture the results of elections. Secondly, they are dependent, for their long-term viability, on their relationship with the Venezuelan armed forces, which is what the Trump administration and others have focused on at this point.","When you talk about the dependence on the armed forces, I'm reminded of that old saying, that one definition of the government is they have a monopoly on the use of force.","Correct.","When all else fails, they have that.","Correct."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The government's reliance on armed forces is a defining characteristic of their power."} +{"dialogue":["Well, no, I don't think so, but it's really not just about resignations. What people really want to see is a change of the system, not just a personnel change. But what we know is that even if we magically fixed Ferguson overnight, it would be an island of justice in a sea of injustice.","At the same time, Mr. French, how do you keep the public safe?How do you get anyone to become a good police officer if they're getting - if they feel they might be shot by the citizens?","You're absolutely right. I mean, the tragic thing here - and this is the crisis that we find ourselves in in St. Louis - is that communities need police; especially communities with high crime, like many of our communities do have it in St. Louis. We need police. And an order for police to be effective they need the trust of the community. And so what I feel like is we have not acted quick enough. That in fact we had an opportunity over this fall and winter to do a lot of this hard work before we get into what is traditionally the high crime times of spring and summer. And it's been warm here for a couple of days and we've already seen a very high spike in crime, including the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy. So we've got a lot of work to do and we need to get to the business of doing it very quickly.","How has the protest movement changed - maybe in terms of what its objectives are - and are there different factions now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The community needs to act quickly to restore trust and safety in the community. "} +{"dialogue":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Gas prices are rising because of immediate shortages caused by the storm."} +{"dialogue":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr. Bill Rhoden. Mr. Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Some people are unhappy with Joe Torre's book"} +{"dialogue":["The Fed's dual mission is always the same - to control inflation and encourage full employment. Now, right now, the numbers say that the Fed's done a pretty good job tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake when they've seen fit. But it is not their job to make sure that the president looks good. And so that's a source of real conflict between these institutions.","As we noted, the president has arrived in France for the G-7 meeting. He seems to also be using the occasion to get closer to Russia once more.","And apparently proposing that Russia be brought back into the group, an idea that's already been rejected today by the European Council president. This is one way that Trump uses Vladimir Putin and that relationship to perhaps pressure some of our allies more toward his positions. But it's also at least potentially a way in which Putin can use Trump to weaken the European alliance and advance his own agenda.","Ron, there has been so much violence and death this summer. And we know opinion polls show the American public broadly supports, for example, red flag laws in hopes of averting mass shootings. Congress seems to differ with the American public when it comes to trying to control access to guns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake\" refers to the rate at which inflation is increased within this context."} +{"dialogue":["Sure. So one rule that was actually finalized on Halloween at about 4:30 or so on a Friday has to do with confined animal feeding operations, and those are industrial farms. And basically it allows the companies that run those farms to voluntarily apply for permits to discharge waste from these industrial farms into streams, rivers and things like that. The sort of catch is that there is not really much enforcement in terms of whether, you know, the farm that's applying for the permit actually discharges enough waste to apply for that permit. So it really leaves a lot - a great degree of the discretion onto the industry itself. So that's one. . .","So it's deregulation?","Right.","Of course, the financial deregulation issue, whether or not - how much financial industry should be regulated is a big issue, but also, in California, you had a whole look and a proposition that passed that was about this kind of issue, about how densely animals should be kept together. But you mentioned reproductive freedom. What is the regulation change on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The permit system for industrial farms is flawed and allows companies to discharge waste into streams and rivers without much enforcement."} +{"dialogue":["There are a lot of different stories in your first issue about reducing recidivism, performing Shakespeare in prison, getting a Ph. D. on the inside. Was there one story in particular that you were really happy inmates would be able to read?","One that comes to mind that I like is about virtual reality. There's juveniles that were sentenced to life without parole previously, but the Supreme Court changed all that. And one facility thought, now they are going to society; what we going to do with them?How we going to prepare them?So they came up with the idea of virtual reality goggles so they can see images of what it looks like to be on the outside. And it was - one gentleman who did the grocery store virtual reality video - when he took the headset off, he had tears streaming down his face. And the first thing out his mouth was, what else in the world has changed?","Wow.","Many men on the inside just wish they can just have a glimpse of what the outside is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Virtual reality experience has a profound impact on inmates who have never experienced life outside prison"} +{"dialogue":["You've complained that the U. S. through both Republican and Democratic administrations has ceded to Israel on most issues and, therefore, has never really been a fair and impartial third party. Has Trump, in effect, made what you consider to be unstated U. S. policy simply more explicit?","He certainly has. One of the things that Trump has done is that he's brought to the forefront and brought to the - brought - made very apparent that the United States has never been an honest broker - not under Clinton, not under Bush and certainly not under Obama.","Obama was a president who gave Israel the largest aid package that Israel has ever seen. And it had also turned a blind eye to Israeli settlement activity. What Trump has now done is he's put it very much in your face and made it clear that the United States has never been and will never be an honest broker.","Trump, in one of his tweets, did say that Israelis would have to pay more, though, for the recognition of their capital, suggesting Israel will have to make significant concessions to Palestinians. Does that encourage you at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The United States has never been an honest broker."} +{"dialogue":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Republicans are trying to avoid discussing their record on gun policy, but feel comfortable discussing it on Fox News."} +{"dialogue":["Now, you mentioned play acting. Is there any evidence to show that there's an interesting crime stories that can lead to some people to actually, you know, commit crimes like copycat?","Well, of course. And this is a concern. I wrote a book on violence in a workplace a number of years ago. And whenever, we see an act of violence in the workplace, there's always going to be a copycat somewhere in the country. Let me just quickly say this though. We saw in the inauguration of our new president, Obama, an amazingly hopeful thing. More than a million people, I don't remember the exact number, stood together and there wasn't one arrest.","That's right.","Now, that is an amazing thing. Nowhere in America does that take place except there. So, we have to be thinking that his words choose hope over fear demonstrated with more than a million people staying together and no crime being committed, you know, is a story for the future of hopefulness. But I think that speaks to another element of why we're fascinated with crime, Tony, and that's the sense of compassion. Either you believe people are good or believe people are bad, I believe people are good. But I think that one reason that we are interested in crime is because it allows us to feel our compassion, not only a compassion for the victim but sometimes compassions for the perpetrator."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Is there any evidence to show people will commit crimes similar to what they read or see. The person says that anytime there is workplace violence in one location another person will do the same thing in another location."} +{"dialogue":["A year or so ago, the world was turned upside down - or part of the world was turned upside down - when we decided that it was it OK to say over ten instead of more than ten. And the internet change has brought a lot of reaction, too. Somebody tweeted, after we announced the change, AP has lowercased internet. Somewhere tonight, galaxies are burning.","(Laughter) And you know what?The AP and NPR will be there to cover them.","Absolutely.","Tom Kent, standards editor of the Associated Press. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The controversy and uproar caused by the change to saying \"over ten\" instead of \"more than ten\" is amusing."} +{"dialogue":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Donating responsibly and researching the organizations one is donating to is important in ensuring that the funds are used effectively."} +{"dialogue":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Police officers have been dismissive and neglectful towards rape victims."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, well, you'll be surprised, Neal. Actually, Minnesota has more solar potential than anywhere in the eastern part of the U. S. , except for Florida. We have nice, clear winters and good, sunny summers. Germany, farther north than we are, has much more solar than about anywhere in the United States. So actually, we're pretty well-positioned for solar. You'll be surprised how much of the U. S. could do well in solar. We also have a lot of wind potential here in Minnesota, especially in the western area. But it's more about, how do we get that electricity to the cities like Minneapolis or Chicago?","And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Minnesota has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US"} +{"dialogue":["Lauren, can you help us appreciate the reaction of the Spanish public at this point?","Well, the Spanish public has not looked favorably, perhaps unsurprisingly, on this investigation. The royal family's approval ratings are at record lows. King Juan Carlos is 76 years old. He's been in and out of hospitals for the past few years and the most infamous health scare he had was two years ago when he broke his hip while on a very expensive elephant hunting trip in Africa.","The public only found out about his safari when he broke his hip and had to be flown home to Spain. The trip cost several times the average Spaniard's annual salary so that elephant hunt did not go over well here. But in general, this investigation into the princess' finances has served as a sort of reckoning for the country. A few years ago, when Spain's economy was booming, nobody really bothered to examine anyone's finances carefully, from the royals to the construction companies that were building like mad all over Spain to regular people's taxes. And now, everything is being examined and Spaniards are realizing that just like them, even their princess may have been living way beyond her means.","Lauren Frayer in Madrid, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : is that the investigation into the princess' finances has served as a lesson to the Spanish public that they are not above the law and should be held accountable"} +{"dialogue":["And based on your experience, Ms. Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K. and Germany want to be different than U. S. policy in this regard?","Right now is the period of true testing of exactly that question. How independent do they want their foreign policy to be, given that there's a long-standing, close relationship between trans-Atlantic security partners and significant collaboration and interconnectivity in the economic sphere?So on the one hand, Europe wants to adhere to its own principles on foreign policy and economic relations, which lead it to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal. On the other hand, that may mean risking quite a lot.","Elizabeth Rosenberg of the Center for a New American Security, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences"} +{"dialogue":["Right. So there are a number of animal indicators that people look at when trying to predict winter weather, and those mostly fall in the category of folklore. In other words, there aren't any studies which demonstrate any true relationship between animal behavior or, for example, acorn\/squirrel behavior prior to winter and how harsh a winter it's going to be. One of the favorites is the wooly caterpillar. And there are those who say the brown segment in the middle of that caterpillar, if it's wide, it's going to be warm. If it's narrow, it's going to be cold. And that's a long-standing folklore, but there's really no established scientific literature which validates those sorts of predictions.","Myth busted here on SCIENCE FRIDAY. Thanks for joining us today, Jason Samenow.","You bet. It was a pleasure. Thank you.","Jason Samenow is the chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is no scientific evidence to support the belief that certain animal behaviors can predict winter weather"} +{"dialogue":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S. law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : US law should not be above the law of other countries in international trade."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's not as if Senator Gregg didn't know that President Obama is a Democrat and this is a democratic administration.","So, I mean, what was it that changed his mind all of a sudden?","Well, that's an excellent point. I would just add to what you said in - you know, in a very direct fashion, that he clearly knew about the stimulus package. He had recused himself from voting in the Senate as a potential nominee for a commerce secretary position. I think that what really changed it for him had a lot to do with the census issue, Madeleine. And this is the case here that the census is run by the commerce secretary. It comes under his mandate.","And what you heard from black and Latino elected officials in the Congress was great concern that Judd Gregg, who had once voted to eliminate the Commerce Department, said, you know what?We're concerned that he is not going to be open to doing the kind of count that we think is necessary to get a full estimate of the presence of minorities in this country, which of course will influence congressional districts and how they're drawn, influence funding for - especially for social programs. And the argument has long come from minority communities that they have been undercounted."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Senator Gregg should have behaved as if aware that Obama and administration are Democrats"} +{"dialogue":["Are Jews in Germany already hiding external markers of religion?","Yes, they have for quite some time. Jews in Germany who wear yarmulkes often wear baseball caps to hide their yarmulkes because there is a feeling of unease. There aren't incidents all the time. And yet, one doesn't want to court that sort of danger. That said, of course, there's a great wish that this doesn't have to be, that one can wear a yarmulke openly. And here on the streets of Berlin, generally, it is no problem. But no one wants to be the person where it is a problem.","Right.","And even - it's not just wearing kippahs. It's also speaking Hebrew, it's wearing Magen David Jewish star necklaces. Any outward sign can be a problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Outward displays of Jewish identity can lead to danger"} +{"dialogue":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S. One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The hotel is aimed at government officials, expats, and business people who want to do business in post-conflict Liberia."} +{"dialogue":["And when you have spoken out publicly about it, you got a lot of backlash, very ugly stuff. Why do you think that hockey fans are so protective of this aspect back to the game when it seems like we should all be able to agree that if we can just be - keep players healthier and keep their brains safer, that should be a good thing?","Yeah. I think it's just - I think it's a resistance to change. That's really what it comes down to. But yeah, when I - I tweeted out about this in response to Don Cherry, who's a big pro-fighting guy here in Canada. And I got a lot of vitriol. It was ugly. I mean, it ranged from respectful disagreement to homophobia, sexism, misogyny. And that was kind of when I realized this truly is a cultural stigma, a cultural touchpoint and powder keg issue that needs to be investigated and discussed further.","The larger important issue here is the health of players. And the NFL and football have really dominated the conversation when it comes to concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, this this brain neurological illness. But hockey has this issue as well. Can you talk a bit about how injuries in hockey are factoring into this?","Yeah. I mean, I would argue that the NHL is probably lagging behind most of the other contact sports leagues as far as addressing this issue. There was a class-action lawsuit settled last year. But the players only got - who were involved - only got about $20,000 each and some promises for future medical testing and medical treatment.","Much less than the NFL football players got."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They got a lot of people complaining about what they spoke about."} +{"dialogue":["This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.","That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.","Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.","Hansi, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The deadline for printing the 2020 census forms is approaching."} +{"dialogue":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Online traffic and opinions are high during the convention."} +{"dialogue":["So it's worth pointing out the reason the special counsel did not indict the president was because he said Justice Department policy says you cannot indict a sitting president. What the president's lawyers then argued in this case is the president cannot even be investigated. And the judge said, no, that the investigation has to be allowed to go forward. And if it can't, it would mean not only the president, but - and I'm quoting here - any accomplices could escape being brought to justice.","Do we know of any accomplices?I mean, who might the judge have been referring to there?","So we don't know exactly. But we do know that the president's business is being examined for falsifying business records because those hush money payments - they were claimed to be a legal retainer, which they were not. Third parties are being examined as well. This is a major aspect of the DA's argument, which the court has now agreed with. You have a local prosecutor looking into local crimes, and he's saying, what?No one can be held to account if they did a crime with the president. If you extend this argument, the president could have actually shot someone on Fifth Avenue, the judge was implying. And if he did, no co-conspirators could be held to account if you went along with the Trump lawyers' arguments, according to the federal judge today.","So the Second Circuit has issued a stay. What happens next?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The president can not be indicted while in office "} +{"dialogue":["So a country that was bought by the United States 100 years ago - you're celebrating the centennial this year, and there are still so many other islands that are essentially controlled by European countries, as well - like the Netherlands, France and Britain - that were impacted by Irma. And we've seen a pattern in the response. How has the United States talked about it in your view?","The United States has talked about us as if we are effectively a colony, which is that we are secondary. We are perhaps secondary types of Americans. Now, we do carry American passports in the Virgin Islands, but we don't have federal representation.","We cannot vote for president for example. Our congresswoman, who - we vote for her - she cannot vote in Congress. So we really have no say. But I also think that this has to do with just the way that we are thought of in the national imagination as a place for a vacation and respite. And it's a beautiful place. The Virgin Islands is as beautiful as everybody says.","It is a gorgeous, pristine, absolutely divine place. However, it's a place where human beings also live. So, you know, when Americans travel to Europe, for example, they know that they're traveling to Europe to engage with the cultural history. When people travel to the Caribbean, they are often traveling to avoid the human beings and to just engage in the beauty of the space.","So they're in resorts. They're lying in the sun. They're drinking tropical, rum-infused drinks, but they're not necessarily there for the culture or to talk to the people who live there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Tourists in the Caribbean often prioritize leisure over cultural experiences."} +{"dialogue":["Ms. JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): Commercial paper typically is about one third of the assets held by Money Market Mutual Fund. So, the fact that they have been skittish, and fear runs from their clients has meant that they have not been buying. So, the Fed has decided that it's going to buy the paper and try to get investors back in with the assurance that there is a buyer out there, namely, the Federal Reserve itself.","And Mitchell, the Fed is also doing something later this week with regards to interest rates, right?","Right. The Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee meets tomorrow and Wednesday. It seems like there's almost no chance that the Fed will sit on its hands. Economists predict an interest rate cut of either a quarter point or a half point. A half point would bring the Federal Funds Rate down to 1 percent, which would be its lowest level in four years.","Thanks, Mitchell. That's Mitchell Hartman of public radio's daily business show, Marketplace."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Money Market Mutual Funds have not been buying commercial paper due to fear, so the Fed is buying it to encourage investors."} +{"dialogue":["This has been just week one of the trial. And as we noted, there's another Manafort trial ahead. And gosh knows what the fallout will be in reporting about the lobbying industry. But do you - is it possible, do you think, that the lobbying industry - is it some kind of break point, as arguably it was, let's say, a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?","It might be, particularly for foreign interests. I know that there's a lot of concern from the president on down of people everywhere trying to get at America and learn our interests and learn our secrets. And there may be some attempt to have more transparency about public lobbying for foreign interests.","I mean, the suggestion is, they'd just walk out on K Street, hire somebody, and that's how they'd do it.","Right. That's right. And I think people would say, I think we need to have a little bit more oversight. You know, we don't want individuals - American lobbyists - looking for secrets and then selling them to our foreign adversaries. It kind of reminds me in a way of, like, the 1950s. You know, we're all real nervous about what foreigners are doing, so let's pass some laws to make sure that America doesn't help our enemies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests."} +{"dialogue":["Thursday is our day to look at the world of sports, and the world is, indeed, looking at sports this week by way of the Olympics in Beijing. But what are the prospects for American athletes?Here to help us with that is New York Times sports columnist, Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.","Mr. WILLIAM C. RHODEN (Sports Columnist, New York Times; Author, \"Forty Million Dollar Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete\"): The great Tony Cox, how're you doing, man?","I'm doing great. You know what?Here's my question to you about the Olympics. You know, we know that Yao Ming carried the Olympic torch through the gates of the Forbidden City. We know that Michael Phelps, Allyson Felix, are some big stars. We are hoping for things from them. We're hoping for things from the U. S. A. men's basketball team. Here's my question. Is America really interested in the Olympics?Are people going to watch?","Well, there's always - and just as a caveat, I mean, the Olympics were always sort of my favorite sporting event, because I do think it's - you know, you've got people who've just trained for this one moment for four years. So, that's great. But you know, having covered about four or five of them, you know, sometimes you're over there and you're like, is anybody reading this stuff, you know?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite potential lack of interest, the Olympics are still a significant event."} +{"dialogue":["Oh yeah.","You know, it's - just, you know, it's that thing, good and evil.","Oh, I've got you. I got you. Now, you just sang the title song from the new CD. One reviewer says about that, the lyrics are inconsequential, what matters is the soul and funk. I don't know if I agree with that. You agree with that?","You know what, I feel like I may have been taken out of context because I said that about one song on this record, called \"Emotions. \"I said on that song, you know, I mean, you don't really need the lyrics. But for - to put that on a whole album, no, I don't agree with that. I put a lot of time into it (laughing).","Now, you actually - you played with a lot of different folks. You were with Fishbone. You were a member of Miles Davis's band. When was that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds."} +{"dialogue":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions."} +{"dialogue":["So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24\/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.","You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.","Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.","We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that Donald Trump's disregard for sleep is unwise and potentially detrimental."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr. Manafort.","And he gets some kind of consideration for testifying - immunity, right?","Well, what he gets is. . .","Maybe not absolute immunity, but OK, go ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The witness is unreliable because he's a criminal and has stolen. The government is giving him some kind of benefit in exchange for his testimony."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, it's pretty scary at the time. It was very intimidating. It just seems like it was completely mental, an attack on a small business for a problem that it's not responsible for.","Well, what do you think of the problem?Because we read that protesters were chanting we want genuinely affordable housing and we want community. I realize it might be hard to keep that separate from the people that smeared stuff on your windows, but how do you feel about that?","I mean, I think that there is problems. There's problems of poverty in the area, and there's bad sides to gentrification, but there's also really great sides to gentrification. What we have done is we have moved into this area - the protests and gentrification in this area. If you wanted to protest gentrification in this area, you probably should've started about 15-20 years ago.","Have you ever had any conversations with any of your critics, your attackers, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"bad sides to gentrification\" and \"great sides to gentrification\" are figurative expressions that describe positive and negative aspects of the process of gentrification."} +{"dialogue":["Next week, hundreds of thousands of students, armed with number two pencils. . .",". . . will sit down to take the SAT. An important section of the college entrance test is the essay portion. And students have just 25 minutes to write it. Anne Ruggles Gere, who oversees the writing program at the University of Michigan, is not a fan of the essay section. She says that high schools now teach to the test and as a result encourage a generation of bad writers. We spoke with Professor Gere, who was in the studios of WUOM in Ann Arbor, and we asked her how the SAT encourages sloppy prose.","I think that it does it in several ways. Because when you're writing in only 25 minutes, you don't have time to develop a clear, complex idea. You don't have time to think about an audience. It makes students think of writing in the most simplistic, reductive ways. It emphasizes length of writing. It emphasizes use big words and be sure to follow a very simple formula.","So, the students will use it as an opportunity to use the word sesquipedalian over and over or show off their vocabulary and stuff?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Pencils are not an actual weapon, unless they are used to write things against the system. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Understanding climate change is not just about seeing, but also about perception."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth.","And explaining your culture, it goes with the way you do your material. You don't tell jokes, per se."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Comparing animals names to the sound they make"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I mean, maybe you should - give it a shot. And then let me try it after.","That is so good.","Converted her. Fan of grapefruit.","You know why?'Cause it doesn't taste like grapefruit.","Right. Is it good?Is it to boozy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : (5) Refers to asking if the new food is good or too strong in terms of alcoholic content."} +{"dialogue":["And they also said that there was going to be no one within 500 miles of you, right?","Yeah. They did. And I live in Florida. So 500 miles is practically the entire state. And there's seven of us living in this state alone.","So what is your advice to other kids of donors?","I would say just always keep an open mind. And I'm very fortunate that my donor has been receptive to meeting siblings. But, you know, there are some donors out there that want to remain completely anonymous. And so I would say, you know, if the donor is that way, then the best thing to do is just find siblings because it's one of the greatest connections you can ever have."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It's best to be receptive to any thought that comes your way."} +{"dialogue":["NPR's Sylvia Poggioli says the showdown speaks to deeper tensions between populists and liberals, tensions we've seen playing out across Europe. And Sylvia joins me now from Rome. Hey, there.","Hi, there.","So tell us exactly what has unfolded here. This all began back on June 12.","That's right. That's when the captain of the NGO ship Sea-Watch, 31-year-old Carola Rackete, and her crew rescued 53 migrants off the coast of Libya. They decided to head for the closest safe port, which is the Italian island of Lampedusa. But Italy's populist Interior Minister Matteo Salvini has introduced a controversial security decree that bans NGO migrant ships from entering Italian ports. He claims they essentially are in cahoots with human traffickers. But after two weeks on the high seas, the standoff continued.","And just to be clear, Sylvia, they were just circling in the waters out there for two weeks, trying to figure out what to do next."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe "} +{"dialogue":["How close is it?","It's about three parsecs away, about 12 light-years away, something like that.","So if there is intelligent life on that planet, and I'm just speculating here, it would be possible to communicate with them in real time almost, right, a lifetime, at least one person's lifetime if they could signal back and forth in 12 light-years?","Well, and that's the reason that studying these nearest stars is so interesting. If you have a chance of contacting any intelligent beings on these things, you could have a two-way conversation easily within a lifetime around these nearest stars."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Studying the nearest stars is interesting because it increases the chances of contacting intelligent beings"} +{"dialogue":["They have a really good chance. They could pick up as many as a half dozen or more seats. And this is incredibly important for them this year because we're heading into 2020, when there will be a census that will affect redistricting. This is how Republicans sort of got in the really good position that they were in. They won a ton of governors' races in 2010. They controlled redistricting in very important states. So they were able to draw congressional maps to their liking. You know, we've already seen good signs for Democrats when it comes to this. They've flipped a ton of state legislative seats. And so it's a good sign for Democrats. This map is really for them.","What states are you watching heading into this last month of the campaign?I mean, where are the really tight races?","So there's a couple of pickup opportunities for Democrats that look like really sure things - Illinois, New Mexico, Michigan. I say some of the really tight races are Florida and Georgia. Florida is always, you know, the perpetual swing state. Andrew Gillum was sort of the surprise nominee there. He's a progressive.","Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is the number of people voted in that are of a particular party, not an actual seat."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, we're all OK. We're all safe. We're at his house in James City, thank goodness.","Yeah. I'm told you left after the evacuation order. May I ask why?","We made the decision to stay based on the fact that all of the ATMs were out of cash, there was a gas shortage, monetary reasons and concerns of not being able to get back in. I have my father, who is in a nursing facility fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and I was really concerned about what would happen with him.","How is your father?How is your father, may I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The decision to stay was based on financial and personal concerns, not just the evacuation order."} +{"dialogue":["But the increase in numbers, I mean, you're talking about going onto reefs and having hundreds to thousands times as many starfish on a reef as you normally would see, and that's a big difference.","Yeah, and you think of some of the runoff that might be coming onto the reef.","There's a lot of evidence that it is. The smoking gun hasn't been found yet, but there's a lot to think that the runoff may be contributing to this. We're definitely - the Australian data show that they're seeing more frequent outbreaks of these sea stars in recent decades, and they think that especially nutrients but other parts of runoff may be to blame.","If you can get them - get the die-off under control, how much of a recovery could we expect from the reef system?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Runoff may be contributing to the increase in starfish population."} +{"dialogue":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The issue of reparations for slavery is gaining more attention recently, especially with Democratic leadership and the rise of racial incidents."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","Sterile. Good to drink.","Well, they didn't drink it. They didn't do the ultimate test.","And I don't blame them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink."} +{"dialogue":["According with my investigation, the first responsible of this crime was the 27th Battalion in Iguala, in particular, the colonel that received the phone call from the drug lord ordering him. You have to rescue my drugs. I pay you for this. You have - I don't know what you have to do. I want my drugs back.","Have they faced any consequences?What have they said to your findings?","Even now, the Mexican government is nagging (ph) in all the ways possible that the army - they were present. The real persons that were involved on that crime are not in jail. And I think if we are able to understand, if we are able to send to these people to jail, maybe we will be able to stop all these abuses of power and human rights violations.","You have been an investigative journalist for many years. It is an incredibly dangerous profession. We've seen so many journalists in Mexico killed. You are now living in Italy for your own safety. You have received threats. Are you worried about what this will mean for you and your family?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Mexican government is constantly communicating things about the army in all ways that they can."} +{"dialogue":["Good to be with you, Linda.","So we've got a ticket, at long last. What is Governor Pence's contribution?What does he bring to the table?","He has three things that Donald Trump lacks and needs. He has the trust of most social conservatives. He has a long history of working with other party leaders in Washington. And he has good relationships with the kind of Republican donors who have been shying away from Donald Trump up to now.","Which sounds sensible, conventional and not at all like Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that the qualities Governor Pence brings to the table are sensible, conventional and different from Donald Trump's."} +{"dialogue":["Why the need for this guide?","We know that people are going to be asking themselves is the gift that I'm giving or asking for going to be secure and private?And as you said, most holiday shopping guides are focused on price and performance, and this guide is focused on privacy and security.","It's not just smart speakers, is it?It's a lot of devices that we've quite willingly and comfortably made part of our everyday lives.","That's absolutely right. And we're particularly looking at the area of connected-to gifts because more and more consumer products are connected to the Internet. So one interesting space that we've looked at is this new emerging toy category of drones. I have an 11-year-old who's pretty excited about drones, and it turns out that many of them connect to insecure wireless and therefore can be taken over, both the information they collect but also the device itself. So we think that consumers would want to know information like that when they're considering a drone gift."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Connected toys such as drones may pose a security risk to children and adults"} +{"dialogue":["And there was \"Hip-Hop: Hot On The Runway,\" which was - HOT107. 9 had a fashion show with a lot of artists, yeah, at Compound, with Ray J. Whitney Huston showed up. This is the live music scene as of last night. But at that same last event, at Compound, someone got shot. And there was incredible security at all of these events.","You go in there and you have to pass two or three people. And you know, the crowd is not - you can't say it was all young kids at Compound or it was - you couldn't even point out who in the audience could have done that because it was a very mixed crowd, in a lot of ways in terms, of economic strata and that kind of thing.","And in the end of the night, as a matter of fact, I woke up the next morning and saw on the news that someone was shot there. The guy was in critical condition at this time. So, you know, it's rough, but the same time, those were great events, three events in one night. And that is not atypical in Atlanta, you know, on a given week.","You know, do you think it is affecting the scene?And certainly violence isn't limited to hip-hop clubs, and it isn't new, but does it affect the ability of the audiences to go out?Or are they just like, hey, this is part of what it is and I am willing to go out anyway?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's hard to determine who could have committed the shooting at Compound due to the diverse audience"} +{"dialogue":["Sure.","But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?","We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.","Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : the organization provides assistance to those who may have encounters with ICE and educates them on their rights"} +{"dialogue":["So, you know, is this going to be a situation where states line up basically to sue this lender, and what difference would that make in how this is unfolding?","I think it's going to play out in a number of a ways. Countrywide is - obviously they were the largest non-bank mortgage lender in the country. They were - just sold a few weeks ago to Bank of America for what amount - to pennies on a dollar but many many. Countrywide is by far - was by far the largest player in the subprime crisis in terms of a single mortgage lender. But they weren't the only one. The thing is that Countrywide has become a symbol for how bad this gotten many communities.","And I think if you see a challenge like the one here in Ohio or the one here in Florida proceed with favorable results, you will probably see many other states - especially those where minorities or women or the working class, working poor were hit hard by subprime mortgages - are going to start lining up, and attorneys general are going to be filing suit against Countrywide and many other countries like - companies like Countrywide.","Well, Keith, thanks again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : suggests that other states will start to take legal action against Countrywide and other similar companies"} +{"dialogue":["You know, Renee, this was the week Kamala Harris found out what happens when a candidate breaks out in a debate and gets in the face of the frontrunner. You get a bump in the polls, but it comes with a lot of attention, much of it critical. And people take a longer look at your own positions on, say, busing and other issues as well. And we also saw headlines about how she and her husband made their money. We see folks on Twitter questioning her racial origins, which, by the way, caused her rival candidates to rally around in her defense, including Joe Biden.","And what about Joe Biden?He's trying to recover ground lost in those debates.","He's been doing television interviews and trying to talk about his sort of multipart position on busing over the years, and talk about his endorsements from African Americans who are local and state officials in key states. It's very early. The field is shifting. And if Biden can ride his ship in time for the debates at the end of this month, he'll still be the one the other candidates are coming after.","NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : You get a rise in the number of people supporting you on a poll."} +{"dialogue":["I was singing that one time, and that line came out. I was like, we will always sing. We will always sing. And it's because when I think about the struggles that black Indigenous people of color face, that line of, we will always sing - that just kind of shows, no matter what, we're always going to be standing back up.","(Singing) Even when you look at me, your heart so full, I'll think of you from a nice place.","I know that you've been pretty vocal about being uncomfortable with white men at your shows.","Oh, yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : not a heart literally full of something, but full as in happy or content"} +{"dialogue":["Well, crown-of-thorn starfish are found across much of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans. They are - they're about dinner-plate size, multiple arms, have little thorn-like spines coming out of them. They're also quite venomous. So the last thing you want to do is touch one and have it prick you, and it can cause paralysis.","But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Comparison to bulldozers and flamethrowers emphasizes the destructive impact on coral reefs"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.","There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.","Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.","You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Neel Kashkari had to divest himself of things to avoid conflicts."} +{"dialogue":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The president's attitude towards Puerto Rico and their debt crisis was dismissive and uncaring."} +{"dialogue":["A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.","Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.","(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.","Pussy Riot."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The policeman is expressing a desire to execute the Pussy Riot members, as he regrets not being able to do so in a time when millions were executed under Stalin's regime."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah - no - no, Martians here.","OK. You've - is it fair - you've gone into Michael Cohen's background extensively. Is it fair to call him a fixer?","You know, I think that he handled a lot of matters for Donald Trump before he was - before he became the president that were difficult and sensitive issues. Michael's role at the Trump Organization was not really that of a lawyer. One Trump Organization - senior Trump Organization official pointed out that when the legal department at the company had a meeting, Michael was not included. He was not part of the legal department. He didn't really practice law there.","In fact, when the government was arguing with Mr. Cohen's lawyers over issues of whether or not material seized by the government in a search warrant were privileged, the government indicated that an examination of his emails - they previously had a search warrant for his emails that had been secret until it was revealed in the course of that litigation. But that an examination of his emails indicated both that he conducted little to no legal work for President Trump or for The Trump Organization. And it also pointed out that he never emailed with Mr. Trump. But I think Mr. Trump is not a big - not a big emailer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Michael Cohen's role at the Trump Organization was not that of a lawyer."} +{"dialogue":["Right. And I think you do see that. And it's interesting you bring up health care. The Koch network has spent hundreds of millions of dollars over the years running issue ads and other advertising themed around health care, pointing to that as a critical issue for them. And I think you're starting to see them move away from that, move towards touting the tax overhaul that Republicans passed last year as a big achievement. I do think that if the tax overhaul hadn't passed, Republicans would have a lot more problems raising money that cycle. I think that you're going to see some checkbooks more open because they were able to pass that.","Let's turn to the Democrats - you know, oddly less well-known' in terms of just these big names. But we do know Tom Steyer. He is the billionaire hedge fund manager who has become so familiar with his ads calling for the impeachment of President Trump. Where will his money be going?","Mr. Steyer has said that he's going to spend 30 million to help Democrats. He is really supporting the idea of impeaching the president. And so taking the House would allow that to move forward. I think that you're going to see a lot of that money flow into House races, some into Senate and gubernatorial races, which are also important this cycle.","But we do have this split in the Democratic Party, as well, between sort of the more liberal wing, the more activist wing and the other part of the party which is, you know, more traditional. So how will that play out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Koch network uses health care as a ploy to gain Republican support."} +{"dialogue":["There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine.","The consumer is trading down. Starbucks closes 600 stores, but McDonalds is doing fine. Bennigans closes all their stores. Steak and Ale closes all their stores, but Burger King is booming. There is a story out there. The consumer is in major trade-down mode. If you're in position to take advantage of that, you win.","What about hiring?Stores hire a lot of temporary workers around this time for the holiday season. What's going on there?","Well, we've got 82 clients. All of them, across the board, are planning to hire fewer people and for fewer hours. Hiring is going to be way down, inventory is down, sales is down; it's all down. You know, we've lost an average of 85,000 jobs a month so far this year. Unemployment is going to skyrocket, in our view, to 7 and a half, 8 percent. All the stores have canceled expansion plans, cutting back on investments. They're not opening new stores. They're closing stores, and they're slashing hiring budgets."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment."} +{"dialogue":["Beppe Grillo of the Five Star Movement - which you mentioned - and the Democratic Party have the numbers to do that. And I think if the Grillo people are not - if they are wise and responsible, I think they should do something. They got a lot of votes, now they have to do something with that. Italy doesn't have the time to wait for another year, another election. The market cannot wait. Europe does not wait.","Yeah, they're not waiting, but Mr. Grillo, so far, has been very uncooperative.","Look, I read something that Mr. Grillo said today, and it is that he expect Mr. Berlusconi - therefore the right - and the Democratic Party - therefore the left - to form a sort of grand coalition government, and say - and then there will be a disaster. And there will be - and I will - and there will be another election, and I will be a winner on the rubble - he used the expression macerie, that means the rubble - of Italy.","We don't want rubbles. We are a good country of Southern Europe, and we want to be a successful country. So I think that even the deputies of Mr. Grillo are not happy with that. They're now in parliament. They've got a job to do. I'm sure they can find 10, 15 points that they share with the Democratic Party, and form some kind of government, and start from there. I mean, to just say, I want to destroy everything, so next time I've got to have(ph) 50 percent, it's totally irresponsible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Mr. Grillo's desire to destroy everything for personal gain is irresponsible."} +{"dialogue":["That's a long drive.","It is. Yeah. Two days.","So was there poker - what happens in those buses on that long trip?","You know, I'm afraid to tell you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The drive is tiring and they may not want to make it."} +{"dialogue":["Now here we are 15 years later. Let's talk about the restructuring efforts that are going on in Rwanda now.","Yeah.","Describe that.","I actually had a chance to be back there this last summer. I was just really impressed. I met with some of my old friends and some new ones. There was a gentleman and his wife who'd been hiding in one of the orphanages that I was bringing food and water to, three months in this tiny little room, six of them, and he's now a high court judge. She's deputy director of Ombudsman, and this Ombudsman program is just huge as far as I'm concerned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : saying that the ombudsman program is just as big"} +{"dialogue":["I was shocked by that on a number of levels. You know, the first thing that shocked people about the call, obviously, is the notion of the president withholding military aid and trying to bully the Ukrainians into doing personal favors. This is, obviously, a big deal. But in the middle of all that, what struck me and, as I say, even shocked me was his willingness to disparage our ambassador to Ukraine in a call with a foreign leader, referring to her as the woman and saying she was bad news and then vaguely but, frankly, ominously saying to the president of Ukraine that she was going to go through some things.","Let's give her name. It's Marie Yovanovitch. Tell us about her. What's her reputation in the diplomatic community?","So Marie Yovanovitch - and she goes by Masha. Masha was one of the most respected and longstanding members of our foreign service. She has, I think, been in the foreign service for over 30 years, served all around the world and most recently and in the most senior positions, obviously, as ambassador to Ukraine, until she was removed prematurely in May, but before that, also ambassador to Armenia and ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.","The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : She was not quickly recalled to her country without any warning."} +{"dialogue":["Of course.","Why if the students two were traveling in five buses - why the target was just two?And also, these two buses were exactly the two buses that the army and the Federal Police - start to monitor it since three hours before. I mean, these two buses were the two buses where the students were traveling from the school to Iguala. Why?So what I was able to found is that in these two buses were inside in secret parts of the bus. . .","The secret compartment.",". . . Yes - heroin - 2 millions of heroin. They. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Secret compartment where they stored the \"illegal stuff\" on the bus."} +{"dialogue":["Given that judges do have discretion in a lot of cases about, for example, whether or not someone can get a misdemeanor as opposed to a felony, do you think this really is effecting who's in prison right now?","Well, first, you have to realize, the first person who deals with whether there's a felony or a misdemeanor is the prosecutor. And it's prosecutorial discretion as to what they get charged with. A judge has no control over that. Now, they can work out a deal, or, in a preliminary hearing, reduce a charge or whatever. But the prosecutorial discretion is what most people don't see that tends to be skewed a great deal. So, by the time it gets to a judge, a big chasm may have already arisen about the level of charge that's been leveled on a particular individual.","Judge Toler, who's going to fix this?","We all have to fix it. And we have to fix it by being conscious of what's going on before it goes on. When I went to classes after I was elected a judge, I said, if you remember nothing else I tell you today, when you're 18, you vote. And you register to vote because it does make a difference, six votes in my race. We have to be conscious of the judges, one, and number two, I think we have to change judicial education."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Prosecutors have more power than judges in determining charges"} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, the military hardware is not my specialty. I kind of look at the refugees, so good for you. But what I do know and what we can count is that they have been pretty effective in taking down some of these planes. There was a MiG that was shot down outside of Damascus. And so, in effect, this is their homemade stinger, they're homemade SAM-7. And all of this stuff has been captured from Syrian airbases. They continue to ask for these weapons from the international community.","In some ways it's become a way to say, do you support us?And if you do, will you give us those weapons?I have talked to a number of military analysts who say they don't really need outside weapons. They are beginning to capture what they need.","NPR correspondent Deborah Amos on the border between Turkey and Syria. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And as the areas under rebel control expand, are there coalitions developing between these local groups that have liberated various areas?Are there frictions developing among these groups?","We asked that today in this small town, and there is a council that has formed there. But these are people who've never done this before. They have committees for finding flour for the bakeries. They have committees for the refugees. They have committees for cleaning up the town. But all of this is done with no money. And because what happens when you are in a, quote, \"liberated area,\" when the rebels liberate the area from the government, you are essentially under sanctions from the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The rebels are effectively using weapons they captured from Syrian airbases."} +{"dialogue":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Implying that the conversation is about spiking eggnog with alcohol."} +{"dialogue":["There are probably two or three important things. One is I think it gives you an insight into the company and what they do with the data they gather. Now, Facebook say they don't sell data, but they certainly make money out of it. And I think one of the things that concerned us was whether some of the developers that work with Facebook get preferential access to data depending on how valuable that relationship is. I think there was something else, which is potentially an antitrust issue, which is the dominant position Facebook has I think allows it to pick winners on its platform. There are big questions about the way in which they use their power. The final thing I think which is I think particularly significant is are users giving informed consent when they give data to Facebook?","Mr. Collins, why should anyone be worried about that?Is it just what you would expect a business to do, maximize the information it has and reward the most promising relationships?","I think we all understand with these sorts of social media tools they're free to use, but in some ways, you're giving your data to the company. The company makes money out of that by selling advertising. But the question is are we giving up far more data than we realize?And then what happens to that data when the company has it?And I think it's right that we have some say and some protection over how it's used.","Do you feel Facebook has been honest with you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Users should have more control over their data"} +{"dialogue":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C. area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Those are the areas where you get the most positive information."} +{"dialogue":["Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.","But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.","And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.","Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The area underground where water is first found will lower in terms of the amount of water."} +{"dialogue":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Nancy Hale became a person that people did not think of any longer."} +{"dialogue":["So how did this come to your attention?","It was actually something that I feel like I had noticed being in sort of tourist-heavy destinations myself. It turns out that this is actually a phenomenon that's happening around the world. Barcelona, Paris, Tokyo are receiving floods of visitors that, in many cases, they just can't handle. So the number of international arrivals around the world - so the number of people going to a country that they're, you know, not a citizen or a resident of - has gone from 70 million in 1960 to 1. 4 billion today. So just really astonishingly explosive growth.","So you've talked about the root cause of this. And one is just that there are more people who are able to travel - right?- a larger middle class. But you also talk about business trends that have contributed to overtourism, especially new media. What can you tell us?","So there are sites like Airbnb and VRBO, which have increased what we might think of as the carrying capacity of certain cities. They've decreased the cost of staying in them, and they've allowed residents of those cities or property owners to rent rooms out, where all of a sudden it's just a lot easier to get a room; many more tourists can stay there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The number of international arrivals has increased rapidly in popular tourist destinations."} +{"dialogue":["Well, like you were saying, these 737 Max jets - they had an automated system, and it was designed to keep the planes safe, to keep them in the air and avoid stalls, but it malfunctioned. And as many people know, that sent the planes into a nosedive, and two of them crashed, and 346 people were killed. There's, of course, been a lot of scrutiny, ongoing investigations, concerns that the Federal Aviation Administration maybe handed off too much responsibility to Boeing itself without doing proper government oversight.","This report doesn't deal with all of that, and the crash specifically. What this is is interesting. It's a small group of Boeing board members who've themselves been digging into this and looking for ways to improve safety at the company. And they're about to come out with recommendations about how this company could reshape itself in the wake of these devastating crashes.","What can you tell us about what these recommendations - what this report will say?","Well, there's a lot of stuff, but one big thing would be that - to change who the engineers who work on these airplanes actually work on them. Currently, they - many of them report to the business leader for each airplane model that this engineer or that engineer might happen to be working on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : NONE"} +{"dialogue":["But there are some bright spots in the world of retail. We hear about one of them today as part of our series this week, giving you a little break from all that bad economic news. Lisa Olivares manages a kiosk. It's called CCE Headgear. It's at a mall in Fayetteville, North Carolina near Fort Bragg. I recently gave Lisa a call on her cell phone while she was working at the kiosk.","We do custom embroidery. You can either bring in your own items or we provide them for you.","And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The kiosk's business is not as bad as others due to military customers."} +{"dialogue":["I've been gone for four years, but the organization is carrying on very strong. It's 18 years old now, and this is an organization where almost an entire generation of youth have been raised with a complete consciousness of their history, both black and brown, and the unity in that history. And those are stories that I believe are not told enough. We always focus on the conflict, we know where we don't get along, but we need to promote the examples of where we're working together successfully much more.","You suffered a tragic loss when your daughter was killed in a car accident. How did you pick yourself up and keep doing your work after that?","Well, it was 2006, and you know, you just do. Some people have said to me, how was I able to get over it and continue on?I haven't gotten over anything. It is with me every single day, it is what I think about every morning I wake up, it is what I think about every day before I go to bed. Her presence is very much in my life, and it wasn't just my daughter, it was also my son-in-law as well. And I lost them at the peak of their life. And so I, like millions of other parents, manage. You don't get over it, you just manage.","If you could take your magic wand, and wave it over California, and see what happened in 10 years, what would you be most proud of?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is no way to get over losing loved ones, but we can learn to manage our grief."} +{"dialogue":["Their arteries expand. They become these little reservoirs of fresh blood, so that even if the arteries get pinched off, they have access to oxygenated blood while their heads are turned. And they, of course, they need this. They have huge, you know, brains and eyes.","Right. Right. Yeah. So it's a great video. If you want to know how an owl does this, we have the whole thing right there. It's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. Also it's up there on YouTube in our SCIENCE FRIDAY YouTube channel. You could watch it there.","Absolutely. Go to YouTube or SCIENCE FRIDAY or download our video podcast and you can take SCIENCE FRIDAY videos on the go.","There you go. And it's made by Flora Lichtman, who is now our correspondent and managing editor for video. Congratulations on your appointment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Owls have a special anatomy that allows them to turn their heads far."} +{"dialogue":["And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding.","Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They could not come up with an idea that would impress people."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I've said for a long time that I think the president needs an assistant to the president for Twitter control. And once again, we have an example of why you would want that. In this case though, I have to say, when I first read the tweet, you know, you're just shocked. I was shocked at the the mayor's speech last night begging for help and saying that people were dying. That was heartbreaking to hear. But this feels to me like it fits in a theme that he has had for a while starting with his inaugural, which is to side on the side of the forgotten people. In this case, he names the military, the first responders and the aid workers.","Yeah. But nobody feels more forgotten than the people of Puerto Rico.","And - yeah. I was gonna say, and the people of Puerto Rico - versus what he sees as the elite, which would be the mayor and questioning the mayor's poor leadership ability - can't get workers to help, was told to be nasty to Donald Trump is in the tweet also. And this fits with his M. O. of going against the elites. And this fits with the rest of the news this week as well. I'm not surprised.","Is the Trump administration failing Puerto Rico now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society."} +{"dialogue":["The government said the first round of elections didn't produce a majority. That meant a runoff, but since the runoff plan was announced, locals have died or been beaten in election-related violence. International reporters and diplomats have been detained or expelled, food aid for malnourished people has reportedly been confiscated by the government, and Tsvangirai has faced threats and government detention during his campaigning. In fact, Tsvangirai was just released hours ago from yet another detention. We spoke with the Zimbabwean opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, shortly before his latest detention. He shared his perspective on the election, and told us about the work he is doing with the American-based media outlet MTVU.","You have stood for election, seen that the government says that you did not win a majority, been detained, waited for a runoff. What was the moment when you most despaired during this process of the election and the post-election?","I think the most despairing moment was the waiting for the results, when we knew that we had won the election, and that the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission was not announcing the result. I think it was the worst moment, of waiting.","How do you think the MDC supporters are doing right now?Have people - there have been widespread beatings, detentions. Do you think that people are still willing whenever the runoff actually happens, to go out and vote?Or are some people going to be too afraid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The government rigged the election and caused violence."} +{"dialogue":["Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished.","And it was, you know, the threat of castration was very real in the 19th century. And there's a moment of irony that Jesse Jackson would want to assert his power, his relevance, to Barack Obama's campaign by placing himself over Barack in a sense in suggesting that he is the man and also capable of taking Barack's manhood away.","Coming up this weekend, we have the start of the NAACP's annual convention and although he has not started yet, Ben Jealous is the incoming president. He's 35. He's going to be the youngest president ever of the NAACP. We seem to be seeing a generational shift overall. Is there going to be blood on the floor, metaphorically, as this shift happens?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Historically, powerful black men have been punished by threats of castration"} +{"dialogue":["A few names come to mind when you say Hoosier basketball: Larry Bird, Gene Hackman, who was in a movie, and Bob Knight, about whom they make movies. Bob Knight coached three Indiana University teams to three NCAA championship titles and, a record of which he's equally proud, almost all of his players graduated. Mr. Knight left Indiana after a controversy involving his treatment of players. He went on to coach at Texas Tech and is now retired from coaching and is a featured commentator for ESPN's college basketball coverage. He has a new book in which he lays out the philosophy of his coaching and how it might apply to life: \"The Power of Negative Thinking. \"Coach Bob Knight joins us now from the studios of ETV Radio in Columbia, South Carolina. Thanks very much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","You say you want to help people take off their rose-colored glasses. What do you mean?","Well, I think that we as a people are always prone to think about, well, tomorrow will be a better day. Well, why will it be a better day?And I think the more that we believe in doing things better, doing the right thing rather than hoping that that's going to happen, let's make it happen. And that's kind of how I looked at coaching in all the years that I coached."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : none"} +{"dialogue":["There's a couple of things they have to deliver. I'll give you an example. In Jarabulus, 22,000 refugees are there, and the town is dealing with them. There is no international aid there. And so it is up to the townspeople to care for 22,000 people who have descended on this small farming town. They have to take the money out of their own pockets, buy the tents, bring them bread, make sure they're OK. So there is an international aid component to this. There, of course, is also an arms part to this.","But let me tell you, there were two events over the last couple of days that really mean that the rebels don't need international arms. They took two major bases around Aleppo. And as one commander said, I have never seen so much booty. And these were heavy weapons that were taken from the Syrian army.","You know, analysts in the past couple of days have stopped calling this a stalemate. And they are beginning to recognize that the rebels have made significant gains on the battlefield. And the weapons that they took in these two places will make a major difference in the way that they're able to fight. And it also shows that they are more organized than they've been in the way that they are fighting the regime.","We've also - obviously the opposition forces inside Syria have no air force whatsoever. They have been trying to attack Syrian air bases on the ground to limit Syria's air capabilities that way. Is that beginning to have an effect?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Rebels have gained access to heavy weapons through their victories, and they may not need international arms."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I mean, you know, I've been all over places talking about this because clearly as a scientist who understands the peer review literature and the president of the AMS, who recently released a 2012 climate change statement, I know that climate change is an issue and there are things that we need to be concerned about with human-caused climate change and the natural climate change.","But on tornados, the peer review literature is just not very mature on this right now. It's much more mature on the link between climate change and drought or heat waves or even the intensity of rainfall, and even more so as well on hurricanes in terms of the intensity of hurricanes, perhaps, increasing in the future. And if I were to cascade along that spectrum, scientific literature relating individual tornadic occurrence in climate change is very immature at this point","I think we have to be careful on that jump, although I know there's a tendency to do it. There is great deal of research ongoing right now at places like Purdue University or even by one of our doctoral students, Victo Gensini, here at the University of Georgia, looking at climate change and the type of environment that might emerge that could support, you know, tornadic storms, wind shear profiles that Jeff Trapp and others at Purdue have been doing this work as well. So that's sort of where we are, and I think we just have to be very careful on sort of causality for individual tornadic storms.","And that's where we have to leave it. Thank you for joining us today, Dr. Shepherd."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : We have to be careful on how we link tornadic activity and other weather instances together."} +{"dialogue":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The response to the Ebola outbreak in DRC is not going well and there are a lot of challenges to overcome"} +{"dialogue":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The conductor was warning me not to get off the train when we arrived in Milwaukee or there would be consequences."} +{"dialogue":["How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . .","Exactly.","In my family, it was like - it's a disgrace to the race when you leave the house with your head rag."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The head rag is associated with negative stereotypes."} +{"dialogue":["Ron, tomorrow, President Obama will sign the stimulus bill in Denver, and then it's on to Phoenix, and then, he'll round out the end of the week with a trip to Canada. Why so much travel?","I think he's learning from the last few weeks. When he stayed in D. C. , the economic stimulus package got stalled. When he got back on the road, got back on the stump, the energy in the atmosphere changed quickly. And being the campaign Barack. being in campaign mode, talking back to Washington from out in the country, that worked better than being the Washington Barack Obama talking to the country. He wants this symbolic energy to be flowing in that direction. He wants to be the voice of the people talking to the federal government, not the symbol of the federal government talking to the people.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thanks, Ron.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Obama wants to be seen as the voice of the people."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Duncan Hunter had extramarital affairs while in Congress"} +{"dialogue":["One of the things I've always loved about the Democratic Party is that it is a big-tent party, and it embraces opportunity for all people. And I'm running for president because I think my life experience can address this Trump-fueled national crisis of division that has been moving us backward. And I look at my experience of bringing people together - businesses and nonprofits and Republicans and Democrats - and to really get things done, to get to near-universal health care, create the No. 1 economy in the country for three consecutive years - I think that record stands for itself.","Governor John Hickenlooper, thank you so much for joining us.","You bet, Noel. Thank you so much.","That's former Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper, talking to us for our Opening Arguments series."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Democratic Party is inclusive and addresses national crisis"} +{"dialogue":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The protest will be disruptive and cause inconvenience to the city"} +{"dialogue":["That's where I went to school.","You went to Fremont?","I went to Fremont High School, I did.","Oh, my goodness. So, you know, East 14th is now called International Boulevard, and you lived in two very different worlds in that part of Oakland. Tell me a little bit about the best and worst of both sides.","Well, I lived my - after my parents divorced, my mother remarried a guy who made us be in that religion that rhymes with tehova's sitnesses (ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Confirming that the person went to Fremont High School."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I think - again, after all these years, that's how I've expressed myself. And I always sort of would feel odd when people would describe, you know, singer-song - or what I do, really as confessional. I think that tends to often be said in the same sentence when you talk about singer-songwriters. And I never thought of it as something to confess but rather it's about how you express yourself.","There is those other events in your life. The pulmonary embolism must have scared you to death.","Mm-hmm. Terrifying.","And divorce almost as scary."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The pulmonary embolism was a very scary experience for you."} +{"dialogue":["Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like.","Yeah. You know, even days before. I mean, with this region was under the gun, we had outlooks noting this particular area would be prone to these types of storms on that particular date. Even that day, as you noted, some of our high resolution models indicated the possibility of tornadic storms. I know the National Weather Service put out some public communications, even warning, I think, somewhere around 11, 11:30, noontime hour that there was a possibility of storms later that afternoon. And even special warnings for schools.","So I want to give out a shout out to the colleagues and members of AMS there working at the National Weather Service and in the broadcast community because they were on top of it from the beginning. And I want to also emphasize that the Weather Service put out warnings 16 minutes before the storm even touched down. The average warning time these days is around 13 to 15 minutes, and that's up from five minutes in 1990. So although to many in the public that doesn't sound like a lot, that's actually above average so - and even more time before the storm reached Moore.","Talking with Marshall Shepherd, president of the American Meteorological Society. I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. So what accounts for this change, this bettering of our prediction time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The forecast for the tornado warning was exactly right for the place and time it issued it."} +{"dialogue":["We didn't finish, and he died before it could finish, but we got 30, 34 hours of tapes, something like that. And one thing that became clear in those tapes and all the time that I spent with him is that he would never speak ill of another human being. He always went out of his way to find the good in people who are adamantly apposed to his entire agenda.","I mention this because I think one of the things that tended to dismay him toward the end of his life, at least in my experience of talking to him, was how divided we were in our politics. That people fought - that people that disagreed with them weren't just opponents, but enemies. That somehow condemnation, the politics of hatred, the politics even of mocking people, as opposed to sitting down and talking to them, never made any sense to him.","To Thurgood Marshall, politics was the art of the possible. The idea was to sit down and get things done, not to get applause by mocking your opposition. I really learned a lot from the time I spent with him, and that's perhaps the strongest lesson that I learned. And I think applying it to today's world, while I think he'd be very proud to see a black man with a chance to be elected to the presidency, he'd be very sad to see how the supporters on both sides spend so much time mocking and hating the candidate on the other side.","Well, Stephen Carter, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite differences, he saw the good in all people."} +{"dialogue":["To the outside world, your mother, a progressive voice, but what was going on inside the family?","My mother was dealing with a lot of what black women were dealing with in Jackson, Miss. So from the outside, it looked like she was doing really well. She was on television - local television - doing political prognostication. She was in an abusive relationship. She did not make much money. She was dealing with what I would call, like, the shards of abuse. And, you know, when I was around 9 or 10, she started to whip me when I didn't do right. And she would always say she was whipping me because what I would face from police or white people would be even harsher.","And those beatings just I think started to get progressively worse, and I think that the beatings my mother was taking from life, from our town, from her partner, also started to get progressively worse. And I think the scariest part about it looking back is that we just didn't know how to talk about any of it. We didn't know how to talk about what we were doing to one another, and we didn't really know how to talk about what the world and our state was doing to us.","As the very title suggests, that the cost of trauma, including, for example, the beatings you endured from your mother, the beatings that she endured, all of that takes a toll on our bodies. What happened to you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Despite looking successful, my mother was dealing with abuse and financial struggles."} +{"dialogue":["Now we'd like to meet one of the country's newly minted geniuses. We're talking, of course, about the latest recipients of a MacArthur Fellowship. People often call them Genius Grants. The fellowship awards $625,000 over five years to people working in any field who show extraordinary originality in their creative pursuits, no strings attached. One of the prizes went to attorney sujatha baliga. She spent much of her professional life studying and advocating for the use of restorative justice. That's a way of approaching a crime or an incident of wrongdoing with a goal of finding a resolution that centers healing for everyone involved, including the person who committed the crime or offense. And sujatha baliga is with us now from San Francisco. Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us. Congratulations.","Thank you so much. Such a joy to be on your show today.","I do want a mention that the MacArthur Foundation, who awards the Genius Grant, is among NPR's financial supporters. With that being said, you know I'm going to ask you what it was like to get that phone call. Where were you?What were you doing?","So here's the thing. I think I'm in a different situation than some of the other fellows because I had had this opportunity to bump into the director of the program in April. And she'd given me her card and asked me to be in touch about people who I really respected in my field. And so I was thinking, it was this amazing opportunity to lift up the names of people who are working to end mass criminalization or people who I've respected for decades, to try to get their names into her ear."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : To bring recognition to several people in the field."} +{"dialogue":["Now, I would imagine that most of these interviews took place in the South, and that most of these people were either octogenarians or something older at the time that you talked to them, were they?","Let's try centenarians.","Centenarians.","Centenarians. The oldest person I interviewed was 112 and I think the youngest was 86, a man named Christopher Sadox Wright(ph) in California. The 112-year-old, I was not able to include because she did not have all of her faculties. She didn't remember much about her family or her years as - you know, she didn't really remember much about yesterday."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Octogenarians would be someone who is at lesat 80 years old."} +{"dialogue":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : North Korea has a history of engaging in this type of behavior during negotiations."} +{"dialogue":["We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor.","Celine wrote, you began by asking him about rumors that McCain may have heard the first part of the show. Regardless of what he said, there was no way for Warren to know what was happening with McCain while Warren was on stage. What you should have asked was, why did you tell the audience at the beginning of the forum that McCain was in a cone of silence when in fact he was in a motorcade on the way to the church. That's something Warren needs to account for.","Then Thomas Tenhave(ph) in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, had a different take on the interview. But he still thought we missed some topics. Farai Chideya did an excellent job interviewing Rick Warren, however, as with most of the media, it rarely hones in on misstatements. Ms. Chideya failed to ask Mr. Warren why social justice concerns were such a low priority, that they weren't raised because he ran out of time. Really?Once again, social justice takes a back seat to abortion, foreign affairs, and gay marriage. So much for Mr. Warren's attempts to separate himself from the Christian right.","This month we're doing a series on addiction. Listener Anise Rice(ph) wrote in to say. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The interviewer should have asked about the misleading information provided by Mr. Warren about McCain's whereabouts."} +{"dialogue":["Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.","Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.","Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.","So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The militias have amplified the outbreak of the virus by delaying healthcare workers from reaching affected areas."} +{"dialogue":["John, you've been explaining to us how the ripple effects of Wall Street are hitting the average American, and now we have some questions for you from a few of our listeners. You ready?","Great, Tony, yes.","Here's the first one. Renee Mack Jones(ph) of Atlanta, Georgia, asks this question. I keep hearing people say that this 700 billion dollars in government rescue money is absolutely necessary, and if the government didn't step in and do something, there would have been a global financial meltdown. But there must be some negative side effects to this historically expensive bailout. What are they, and where are the hundreds of billions of dollars coming from when there is such a large deficit already?","Sure. Well, there are two main drawbacks. One is basically the principle that if you bail these folks out, really you're just encouraging them, they need to be punished for their transgressions, and that some feel that what has happened so far really makes them feel that they haven't been spanked hard enough, that they need really some more pain to avoid such problems in the past."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The bailout is not punishment enough for the people responsible for the financial crisis."} +{"dialogue":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation."} +{"dialogue":["Who happens to be black.","You know.","And happens to be benched right now.","Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The fact that the quarterback is black is important to the conversation"} +{"dialogue":["How close is it?","It's about three parsecs away, about 12 light-years away, something like that.","So if there is intelligent life on that planet, and I'm just speculating here, it would be possible to communicate with them in real time almost, right, a lifetime, at least one person's lifetime if they could signal back and forth in 12 light-years?","Well, and that's the reason that studying these nearest stars is so interesting. If you have a chance of contacting any intelligent beings on these things, you could have a two-way conversation easily within a lifetime around these nearest stars."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The planet is far away from us, but it's measurable"} +{"dialogue":["You and your fellow Democrat Peter Welch gave the president a proposal that would allow the government to use the leverage of Medicare to try to negotiate lower prices with drug manufacturers. Let me ask you a question from the Democratic primary. If that was such a great idea, why didn't the Democrats do it themselves when they controlled Congress in 2010 and passed the Affordable Care Act?","That's a great question. What happened back then is I think President Obama was trying to get the deal through. And as you know, we got very little, if any, cooperation from the Republicans. And I think that this was. . .","Well - but you had the votes in your own party to make this a part of the legislation.","Yeah, but, Scott, you know that that doesn't always work that way. It's not that simple because we had a lot of blue dogs. We had people who - Democrats who really didn't even want to go along with the Affordable Care Act. And so there was a lot of compromise there. And part of the compromise was to work through a deal where the prices of Medicare Part B - that is the prescription - drug prices would not be negotiated. I was against that because I thought that we were - I thought that we were bulk purchasing. And as most bulk purchases do, you're usually able to get a discount. But that was a part of the deal to get through the Affordable Care Act, and that's one of the reasons why I think you had a lot of Democrats who were concerned about the act even back then."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : turn is to challenge the idea that the proposal was a great idea in the first place."} +{"dialogue":["You note when Turkey failed to prosecute this man and then your office did prosecute this man that you became a kind of social media hero in Turkey. You got a huge following. Apparently. . .","Yeah. Completely undeserved. As I said, other people had done the work. But I became a symbol. And I say, look, the prosecutors are not saviors. They can't solve everything. It takes an involvement from a lot of other people. It just happens to be the case that it's very easy to put, you know, their hopes and hatreds both, sometimes, in the figure of a prosecutor.","Are people putting too much faith in Robert Mueller?","People should have a lot of faith in Robert Mueller. I have a ton of faith in Robert Mueller. I think, you know, he is not a deity and he should not be put on a pedestal, but there's no one I can think of in the country who could have done this job as honorably as he's doing. And even he has been attacked and dragged through the mud and false accusations made about him. What I'm saying is he's just a lawman acting by the book trying to do what he thinks is correct with a band of really, really smart, I think, honorable people around him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People should not put too much faith in any single person or institution to solve all of their problems."} +{"dialogue":["So basically it has to say, you know, our sticker price is this amount. If you have insurance, that cost may vary.","OK. But that's a good point. Do people actually pay that official sticker price in most cases?","So that's the drug industry's argument against this proposal. They say that because of insurance coverage, hardly anyone pays the price the Trump administration is forcing these drug makers to include in their ads. That price is often called the list price or the sticker price, as we said. Drugmakers argue that including that price would scare consumers off from even going to their doctor and asking about a drug because they'd see a sky-high list price, and they would think - I can't afford that; I'm not going to go to the doctor.","Well, now that's interesting because that could be bad for someone's health. But is that actually what the government may want in some cases - for a consumer to make an informed decision that this drug just seems really pricey for the benefits alleged with it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The official sticker price is not necessarily the price people pay for drugs due to insurance coverage."} +{"dialogue":["Haven't there been gag orders during the transition of previous administrations too?","Certainly, every administration tries to control information. That's something, as you said in particular, that the Obama administration was quite aggressive on. And we had put out over many years plenty of not just critical information about the Obama administration but critical information based on inside sources that we cultivated. I will say one of the things that you're seeing with this administration is instances in which various bureaucracies have simply been cut off or shut down. The National Park Service stopped tweeting for a couple of days after they had done a tweet about climate change. And their first tweet after that was an apology for that tweet. That is quite unusual.","But do you have some concern that by making this public call under the Trump administration, at least to more notice than under the Obama administration, you're encouraging the view that the press has a liberal bias?","No, no. Again, what we are encouraging is for people to send information. Now, you can judge us on our stories, if our story may be unfair, if our story may not have enough context. Our job is simply to put important information out there, and we're going to keep doing it. If somebody wants to accuse us of being biased as a part of that, well, there's nothing we can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Implied: The Obama administration was aggressive in controlling information and preventing it from being released to the public"} +{"dialogue":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr. Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The current situation with the president and the special counsel is chaotic and lacks the same level of understanding and respect for the Constitution that Nixon had."} +{"dialogue":["I just want to complete that thought. You said, it's going to be a combination of private investment and higher taxes?","Not necessarily because we have something that I think we need to do in any event, which is to remove the giant subsidies from the oil and gas companies. We need to repeal the majority of the Trump tax cuts, which went to the upper, you know, income brackets - rather than working people - and did not produce jobs. So simply having some reform like that is what makes sense.","There are people who would say, yes, let's do this, and I will do my part. But there are Republicans and some Democrats who would not be so keen on having to pay any kind of higher tax in order to offset the costs of these climate proposals. Can you tell us now that you would absolutely not ask the American taxpayer to pay some of the burden here?","Well, of course not. Nobody who is going to run for office can make any statement about the future like that, and they're responsible if they do. But what I can say is that the majority of the investment will be private, in part because it will be required. Much of our plan does not involve public investment directly. It is a requirement that the public utilities get off fossil fuels. It is a requirement that the auto industry provide cars for us that don't pollute anymore."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Removing subsidies from oil and gas companies and repealing tax cuts for the upper class will offset the cost of climate proposals."} +{"dialogue":["And that's the predominant tribe?","That's the predominant tribe. And I think the government will tell you that this is not happening. And it's true that the other sides in this war are also committing atrocities. But what reporting from monitoring groups set up by East African states has found is that the government is leading the charge.","Where is the mediation efforts?Where are other African nations?Where is the United States in trying to bring an end to this conflict?","Everyone is sort of putting their hopes on this peace agreement that brought momentary peace in 2016. The problem is that the former vice president is now in exile in South Africa and not part of these talks. So, you know, observers essentially say this is a dead end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The government is denying their involvement in the atrocities"} +{"dialogue":["That's it. It's a very interesting technology. It shoots this - 125,000 laser pulses a second down at the rainforest canopy. Now - and then it measures the reflections. Now, 99 percent of what's reflected comes off leaves. But here and there, there are tiny gaps in the canopy where a laser beam can reach the ground, bounce off and go back up to the plane. And then with massive software processing, they're able to remove all the reflections from leaves, leaving only the ground.","And it's just incredible to see these scientists at work. I mean, you see this impenetrable rainforest canopy. And then with a press of a button, it disappears and you see everything on the ground. It's absolutely amazing.","Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The accuracy required to locate the plane is impressive."} +{"dialogue":["I want to get into one other really fascinating part because we're running out of time, and that's is when you did this preliminary work in mice before you did it in humans, you used nanoparticles instead of white blood cells.","Well, we used both, actually. We developed over many years the use of the white blood cells as carriers for the antigens to knock down the autoimmune response. But more recently, we used nanoparticles that we think are surrogates of these apoptotic white blood cells. So they actually have the same efficacy in mouse models of both preventing and treating animal models of multiple sclerosis.","The advantage, of course, being that these nanoparticles can be manufactured under FDA-approved conditions and can be pulled off the shelf, the therapy is less intrusive than withdrawing, you know, billions of cells from a patient and manipulating them in a blood bag and re-introducing them.","So when do we get to a human trial of whether your technique works, in this phase two where you actually. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : nanoparticles can be easily kept on hand and accessed quickly when needed"} +{"dialogue":["The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N. human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, \"a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. \"All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.","NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N. team found in Venezuela?","Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.","And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N. rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Venezuelan government is responsible for many extrajudicial killings."} +{"dialogue":["At this point now, those are the two sectors that are continuing to grow, that are continuing to be job engines. And the reason why I stress this is that historically, sectors which grow in downturns are the ones that set the pace for the recovery that comes afterwards. So, if I'm looking out ahead, I would sort of say the fact that these sectors have continued to grow is going to set the pattern for the coming upturn. So, you asked me about other parts of the sector economy that are doing well. It is very difficult to find other parts of the economy. My guess is that the next part that's going to recover is technology, but right now that part is still paddling hard.","OK, we don't want to hear any bad news right now. So\u2026","No bad news. But\u2026","We must end it on an up note."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Sectors that grown when the economy is failing do better when the economy begins to improve. The techology sector as a whole is trying hard to make money."} +{"dialogue":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Iranians are struggling to leave the country due to limitations and economic difficulties."} +{"dialogue":["Here's a novel idea for how to fix the auto industry, nationalize it, or at least nationalize the biggest American carmaker, GM. That's Los Angeles Times car columnist Dan Neil's idea. And, Dan, you mean basically just stop fooling around with bridge loans or anything like that and just outright buy GM?","Yeah, I don't see that the federal money that they're talking about really will save GM. I also think that, you know, we should just be intellectually honest about this. If this money, federal money, is going to come with all these conditions, including the idea that Congress is going to weigh in and adjudicate their future business plans, I mean, its nationalization. Just call it that and embrace it and move on.","What would be the advantages to owning GM?","It'd be cheaper than a loan that we'd never get back. Also, General Motors is a very, very strong company with, you know, something like $50 billion in real assets. And it's done a lot of the work to turn itself around. That's one of the ironies is that it was turning the giant ocean liner around when it happened to hit an iceberg, which was the credit crisis and some other problems that have made their chronic liabilities acute. But I think General Motors is a good investment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Nationalizing the auto industry, or at least GM, is a better solution than bridge loans or other options."} +{"dialogue":["Men are more likely to use alone; women more likely to use with a partner. When you use alone and fentanyl is present - since it kills people so quickly - it can stop breathing in less than a minute - it's very dangerous when you're alone.","So if you're with someone else, at least there's the chance that someone might call 911.","Or use Narcan, or naloxone, the drug that reverses the opioid - the overdose themselves, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person."} +{"dialogue":["Look. The president attaches himself personally to stories. In terms of numbers, he touts a lot of numbers there. We tend to forget that even under Obama, three American hostages were returned from North Korea. Hostages from Iran returned. There were a lot of them. Except that never before had the president personalized it.","That's Mickey Bergman, vice president of the Richardson Center for Global Engagement. He was kind enough to join us here in our studios in Washington, D. C.","Mr. Bergman, thank you for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The President is taking credit for returning hostages, despite it not being solely his doing."} +{"dialogue":["They have been sheltered. And now, several of - because Salvini said, I won't accept them unless other countries take them. And several other European countries have agreed to divide them up.","And meanwhile, in general, migrants are continuing to come to Europe in big numbers.","Not really. There's been a huge drop in the first six months of this year - 2,100, compared to about 14,300 the year before. That's an 85% drop.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : although there are still migrants coming to Europe, the number has significantly decreased."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, yeah. And I'd like to say that this particular story, by the way, I'm kind of happy with the headline I came up with for that. I called it \"The Tasting of the Shrew. \"","We get it.","Uh-huh.","We Shakespeare fans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The title of the story is a clever play on words based on the play"} +{"dialogue":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) \"Hammering away at an injustice until it's righted\" - To persistently work towards correcting a wrong."} +{"dialogue":["There is a famous case called the Kenneth Parks case in which he zones out and kills his father-in-law and almost kills his mother-in-law. After looking into his history, we find that he had a history of sleepwalking. And the case is referred to as homicidal somnambulism, meaning homicide while sleepwalking.","The Miami Herald profiled you this past week, which is where we heard about your class. And you had some advice for those of us fearing the coming zombie apocalypse. And I count myself among them. So how should we survive?","(Laughter) OK. So if a zombie apocalypse hits, you'll need food and water, shelter and, of course, ammunition to fight off the zombie attack. And the place that I can think of that would have plenty of it and a lot of space for you to move around is Walmart. So I often tell people, go to Walmart. Hunker down. And fight it out for as long as you can.","Eric Smaw, a professor of philosophy at Rollins College in Florida. Happy Halloween. And thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He is just trying to get people to laugh around Halloween by telling a joke."} +{"dialogue":["Given the scale of what's happened in terms of tens of thousands killed, given the escalating partisan-sectarian nature of this conflict, do you hold out much hope that diplomacy can play a constructive role?","Well, diplomacy doesn't always work. And believe me, I could testify to that. I dealt with the North Koreans for four years. And even the Serb\/Kosovo issue didn't actually end with a diplomatic agreement, although we would not have gotten the Europeans on board for NATO action, had we not gone through the diplomatic process. But I would say the hope of getting a diplomatic agreement in Syria is certainly probably greater than getting a military victory of one side or the other.","Plus, even if you get a military victory, you still have the same problems of what this thing is going to look like after someone claims victory. So I think we do need to give this our best shot, get everyone who wants to see a solution in Syria together. And if the net result of this has been to somehow improve U. S. -Russian ties, which could use a couple of upticks, so be it.","I mean, that was certainly the upshot of the - of our North Korean negotiations. We didn't dissuade them from nuclear programs. But we sure as heck got the U. S. and China on the same page. And, you know, sometimes things take a lot time in diplomacy. But I think we're seeing some of the benefits of that now several years later.","Ambassador Hill, thanks very much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better."} +{"dialogue":["People are still talking about that controversial New York Post cartoon, which they said sought to spoof the economic stimulus bill. Some people saw it as racist. And we also want to hear from people about what they want to hear from us in these final weeks of our show being on the air, and they can send their ideas for segments, story ideas and interviews to our blog or through our Facebook page, News & Notes.","Can I throw you a curve?","Sure.","All right. I don't want to scare you. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something."} +{"dialogue":["But I understand the point that you're making. She drill - she drilled that into. . .","You know what I'm saying?She drummed that - she drilled that into us. . .","There you go.","One blow, you go. You don't examine; you don't wonder. You run, and you come home, and then we talk from there. And that needs to be - you have to have a line in the sand that is clearly drawn from a young age. And I don't think that happened."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : line in the sand refers to having boundaries about what is acceptable and what is not ok"} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's tough, because right now, you want to go get out there and let people see that you have the fire and the bell, you really want this thing. But on the other hand, it's his grandmother, Alex, and his grandmother appears to be in pretty bad shape, near death. So, the notion that he is a compassionate, so I suppose that would play well, but people do want to see him. He's got to be on the media mix, so I guess he's going to have surrogates out there. Nonetheless, here's an opportunity again for John McCain to dominate the news.","I wonder if Senator McCain at this point could maybe pick up some attention by saying here's my team, here's the people I would put in the cabinet. Who's on his team?","Well, you know, it's pretty obvious, if you start right at the top, the people that have surrounded him now for some time. Here we're talking about people like Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut. You can imagine Lieberman over at the State Department. You can imagine Lindsey Graham, the senator from South Carolina, over at the Pentagon as secretary of defense. In that way, what you see is that Senator McCain has a number of people that you could immediately point to and say that would be his team if he were to be elected.","And how about Senator Obama in that regard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : McCain already has a team of potential cabinet members lined up."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. Launch is tomorrow at 4:55 AM Cape Canaveral time, which is where the rocket launches from, or, say, 1:55 AM California time. I'll actually be here in California at SpaceX headquarters at mission control. And so we have launch control at Cape Canaveral, and we've got mission control here at headquarters in California. So for the first nine minutes or so, the rocket will be ascending and delivering the Dragon spacecraft to orbit. And then the Dragon spacecraft will separate from the rocket and then - and begin orbital phasing with the space station, which will take a few days.","Then we're going to do, essentially, a flyby at the space station. Now, something that's important to appreciate is that the space station is actually zooming around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour. People sort of think it's just sort of up there and stationary, but it's zipping around the Earth at - it actually completes an orbit of the Earth every 19 minutes. So you can think of this like you're trying to synchronize speed with something that's going 12 times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle.","And we've got to match the space station. As the space station makes more movements in its orbit, we've got to track those movements exactly. So we'll do a wide loop around the space station, establish communication - a communication link with the space station, have our docking sensors lock on and then the spacecraft actually plots an approach vector and will go in and pause at various points before finally going into dock with the space station.","And what time into the mission will it actually dock?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The rocket will be launching tomorrow and the Dragon spacecraft will be sent into orbit and then eventually dock with the space station."} +{"dialogue":["We often ignore the unevolved brain or what's sometimes called the reptilian brain. So zombies exist in the reptilian brain in the movies. And as it turns out, in the real world, humans have what we sometimes refer to as our zombie brain. And you might think about it as autopilot.","Like when you're driving the car. And you sort of zone out. And you don't even remember the way that you got to where you're going.","That's the perfect example.","And there are real-world applications for this speculation, right?Because there are murder cases where the perpetrator says that they zoned out. And there's a big debate about how conscious they were of what they were doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People start to stop thinking of anything while driving."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr. DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) - This is asking for a prediction for the events that will occur in the next 24 hours. "} +{"dialogue":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Miller's play 'Salesman' was surprisingly welcoming and approachable despite being a great play."} +{"dialogue":["So in some senses, it's unverifiable. You know, I guess one of the best ways to think about this memorandum is that when asked, Devin Nunes refused to share this memo either with the DOJ - or the Department of Justice - or the FBI - the very people accused in the memo, or with the Republican chairman of the Senate intelligence committee. So that tells you a little bit about his level of confidence in the allegations that are made.","Apparently, Democrats are drafting their own memo in response to this memo. So now we're going to have dueling memos?What's in that one?","Well, we haven't completed it yet, but it will be a memorandum which points out the factual inaccuracies in the original one. Again, it's a bit sensitive because in - there's sort of an evil genius to this first memorandum because it does make reference to very highly classified intelligence that almost nobody has seen. But in as much as we can, we'll try to lay out the facts around these acquisitions - sorry, these allegations. And, again, just make the point that, you know, along with, you know, the belief that there was wiretapping of Donald Trump, you know, that there was improper unmasking - this is the latest in a steady stream of unfounded allegations designed to undermine the FBI in particular.","I'd like to understand a little bit about what the committee, at this point, is doing in the House that is investigating collusion between Russian operatives and the Trump campaign. It's been nearly a year. Have you found an - evidence of any crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Devin Nunes lacks confidence in the allegations made in the memo."} +{"dialogue":["Governor, let me have you answer your own question. Why are fewer businesses being created?","There are a combination of reasons behind the reduction in business creation. One is that we - like any enterprise - and government is an enterprise - we've had more and more kind of red tape. And sometimes that bureaucracy is excessive and makes it harder for people - the successful employees in somebody else's company - makes it harder for them to take a leap and start their own business.","But I also think a big part of it is we have a consolidation of just two or three companies dominate that industry, right?There - 84% of all the hardware sales are from two companies. So starting a neighborhood hardware company is almost out of the question. People don't think they have a chance.","The question of whether or not certain companies are monopolies has come up again and again throughout the course of this campaign. Would you break up the big tech giants - Facebook and Amazon - as Elizabeth Warren has said she would do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Dominance of a few large companies is discouraging people from starting their own businesses."} +{"dialogue":["It's \"Someone Who Will Love You In All Your Damaged Glory. \"And I love that phrase, damaged glory, and it comes in the context of a story where a drunk woman slurs into the narrator's ear, you deserve someone who will love you and all your damaged glory. What does that phrase, damaged glory, mean to you?","What I like about it - what I think it invokes - or evokes. Does it invoke or evoke?","I think it evokes.","Yeah. What I think the phrase vokes (ph) and then you can edit in an en or an E."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The phrase 'damaged glory' refers to someone's flaws and imperfections, which should be embraced and loved."} +{"dialogue":["Coastal Texas did have a couple of days to prepare for this storm. People were urged to leave the area. What's your estimation?Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?","Well, certainly some did. As I was driving in from Austin and San Antonio yesterday, you could see a fair number of cars, you know, going the other direction. So certainly, there were some people that evacuated. But here at the hotel that we're staying, there are hundreds of residents who are from Corpus Christi who decided to hunker it out and stay the night here. You know, there were no mandatory evacuations ordered for Corpus Christi.","Some are beginning to wonder, you know, was that the best plan of action?Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals. And that, you know, picks up a whole series of logistical issues. So you know, as the Texas governor ordered yesterday, if you feel unsafe, if you feel unsecure then you should flee.","And Russell, what do you see for the next few hours and next few days about when conditions might improve and what people have to contend with?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : (1) Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?"} +{"dialogue":["Hey there, Lulu.","So I saw on your Twitter feed that you had only run into half the journalists in the Western Hemisphere.","(Laughter).","What is the atmosphere there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another."} +{"dialogue":["In Iran, state media are reporting the seizure of another tanker in the Persian Gulf. The ship was reportedly taken by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps, and seven crew members were detained. It would mark the third seizure of a foreign ship by Iran in the past two weeks. NPR's Peter Kenyon is following the story from Istanbul, and he joins us now.","Morning.","Hi, Lulu.","What do we know so far about this latest seizure?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : i can take care my self for sure"} +{"dialogue":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S. ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The US has failed to protect its national interests by instead pursuing nation-building activities and regime changes in foreign countries."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I want to offer condolences to you and the Virginia Beach community. I'm wondering what you can tell us about how people are holding up. I understand you visited a hospital where some of the people wounded in the shooting are being treated still.","I did. You know, this is - again, it's a horrific tragedy, and our hearts go out to certainly the 12 victims that showed up for work yesterday for the city of Virginia Beach intending to go home. And this tragedy occurred, and they weren't able to. And so there's a tremendous void in their families and our community right now. There's a lot of hurt and healing that needs to take place.","I was able to go to the hospital this morning. My intentions were twofold. I wanted to thank the caregivers, the doctors, the nurses and the administrators. And then also, I was able to speak with one of the patients and the families. And they're just such strong and faithful people and just going through what must be one of the hardest experiences in their lives. They were just very grateful for the care that they were receiving and grateful for the heroic work of the law enforcement agents yesterday.","Inevitably, after each mass shooting, there are calls for tighter gun laws. You introduced a number of gun control bills in Virginia's General Assembly back in January, not even six months ago."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community."} +{"dialogue":["I thought that our spin was slowing down.","We are slowing down. We're slowing down but only because we're transferring it to the moon, and so the - if you count both of these bodies today, that spin should be remained constant throughout the course of solar system history.","And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : We're slowing down but transferring spin to the moon."} +{"dialogue":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C. difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Fecal transplant may be an effective treatment for some chronic inflammatory diseases."} +{"dialogue":["And prior to that, they'd had him ahead by double digits again. So, there is a rhythm within each of these polls where it goes up and down a little bit, and if you want something to rely on, you need to look at the range within each poll.","So, why is that people reacting to the news each day, or to ads, or to stuff they see on the Internet?What is it?","Well, I could think they're reacting to something, I just like - we like to think the stock market is responding to some kind of real news or conditions. But it's not all that clear that it's all that rational, and the same is true of the political polls as well.","So, given that up and down in each individual poll, you have to think a lot of it has to do with the internal processes of poll taking, and then poll analysis. They weigh the polls, they look at whether or not their sample of the public really matches the demographic mix of the public, and then they weigh of responses of people to try to match that statistical model."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples."} +{"dialogue":["Interestingly, you get 100,000 dollars worth of insurance. After that, you would either have to move - you would really have to move to a different bank. Now, there may be a provision for pension funds, and that's a little bit different. But by and large, 100,000 dollars, if it's all in the name of the same company, is your limit.","So if you're concerned about that, you might want to spread out your bank holdings a little bit. You might want to put, you know, your payroll in one bank and your savings in another bank, and that would cover - you'd then get 100,000 dollars at each institution.","Here's a question that's similar to one that I asked you in our earlier segment. It comes from Rae Ann Albus Hunt(ph), who wants to know if any bank is safe these days. She's just starting her retirement planning and wants to know where she should invest her money.","Sure. Well, the answer is is that, yeah, you know, by and large, most banks are safe, and I think you really do have to trust the government guarantee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Having all your money in one bank is risky."} +{"dialogue":["The weather forecast is planning for 600 millimeters of rainfall in the coming days, which is twice as much as the quantity of rain we have seen in Beira after the first cyclone, which is really concerning because in Beira, the situation was very bad. So if the weather forecast turns out to be correct, the health and sanitation situation here will worsen, and it will be harder to access areas with food as well.","The recovery effort after Cyclone Idai was already facing a funding shortfall. Do you think relief organizations will have the resources they need to respond to another disaster?","We definitely need more support from the international community. We are expecting that our financial need will raise very quickly as we see that the situation is worsening now in the north of the country. But we are able to respond nonetheless because we already had means on the ground. We had a team that was quickly able to deploy. And we have two helicopters that just arrived today in Pemba. And we'll be able to fly as soon as tomorrow if the weather permits.","What do you think are going to be the biggest concerns in this region going forward?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward."} +{"dialogue":["The most significant news, I think on the Republican side, was that two states, Kansas and Louisiana, shot across the bow of John McCain by saying they were not ready to endorse the idea that he was the nominee. Washington State was called for John McCain with some of the vote yet to be counted and not too much of a margin for John McCain. But the state party chairman out there said they had seen enough caucus counting and they were going to away half the state's delegates to John McCain then do the rest in a primary that's coming up in a few weeks.","Now, that's already been protested by the Huckabee campaign, which was hoping to get a sweep, like Barack Obama, of all the events on the ballot on Saturday to the Republicans.","So parse out for us this delegate situation on the Democratic side. What's the state of play right now in terms of who has how many.","Well, it's a big scoreboard and there are a lot of different numbers on it and they do move around a fair amount. But let's start with the ones that are pretty certain that aren't going to change. That's the number of pledged delegates won so far. These are the delegates that are allocated to each candidate on the basis of the results of each primary or caucus. So in this station, where we stand now, Hillary Clinton has 893 from all the states that have voted so far on the Democratic side, and Barack Obama has 952."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"big scoreboard\" - This is a metaphor used to describe the current state of the delegate count."} +{"dialogue":["So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.","And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .","Correct.",". . . Entities. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Political prisoners are not the same as hostages and should be distinguished."} +{"dialogue":["Switching gears, we have been talking on the show and online about the major economic woes facing Detroit. What's been the response on our blog?","Yeah, we're talking about the price of a home sold in Detroit going down to $7,500. And a reader named Deuce Bollards wonders, quote, \"What will happen to the Lions, the Pistons and Tigers?If they bite the dust, that will be the saddest part of this story. \"I don't necessarily agree. There's a lot of other sad stories (laughing) other than Detroit's sports teams. . .","Well, that's true, but, you know.","Going down. But, you know, as our blog winds down, in the show's final week, we have links to all of our network of bloggers and those conversations will continue there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are talking about the econominc troubles that are happening in Detroit."} +{"dialogue":["What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?","Really, what we're looking at now is quick response-type actions - things like, you know, sandbags, sand and gravel filters that'll help increase the pressure and keep water from seeping through the structure itself. We've got National Guardsmen that have been mobilized and are on the levee 24 hours a day, along with our engineers. You've got local first responders, police, firemen doing the same.","In terms of the actual community members themselves, we really aren't having members of the public out there, other than the mobilized guardsmen actually helping with the effort. In fact, some of the local officials are really sort of encouraging local residents to stay away from areas that are experiencing any sort of issues with the levees. They want to try to minimize any sort of impacts that may occur for the public at large.","So we've seen reporting about the last time this district saw this kind of flooding. It was back in 1986. I think the levees then had to hold up something like 12 hours. We're way past that now. So how should we be thinking about whether or not these levees are strong enough?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action."} +{"dialogue":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Safe-haven laws are a way to save infants from being abandoned or killed."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. The ground has been too wet. Every time we turn around, it seems like we keep getting a rain shower that we don't need. But normally in the planting season, we have a four, five or six-day window of dry weather where we can go out and plant. And then it might rain. And then we'll have another four or five, six-day window. This year, we've only been able to plant on five different days now total.","So how much of your normal crop have you been able to get into the ground?","We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.","So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite being in the planting season, rain has prevented planting on most days this year."} +{"dialogue":["But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.","OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?","Well, what we did after we found that this result worked with cabbage, we decided to try to see how broad a phenomenon this might be. We started with other leafy vegetables like spinach and lettuce, and we could show that in the lab, we could re-entrain their circadian rhythms also. And then since those worked, we then went back to the grocery store and bought things like zucchini and blueberries and sweet potatoes and carrots. And of all these we could show could perceive these light-dark signals and reactivate their clock and show rhythmic behaviors.","Mm-hmm. Now, I'm picturing a big head of cabbage. And, you know, cabbage has lots of leaves on it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The vegetables don't have a clock. They have a system that is regulated according to light."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I think many of us were. But now to North Korea, which is slightly less joyful, as I said. We're seeing, suddenly, a list of demands from the North before this summit takes place - a halting of military exercises between South Korea and the U. S. They want the return of North Korean female restaurant workers in South Korea who the North claims were kidnapped. It seems we're having to negotiate before the negotiations.","You know, this is part of an old pattern of behavior. You know, the North Korea problem is a wicked problem, a deeply impacted, entangled problem. It's frustrated at least two American presidents - President Clinton and President George W. Bush. And that's for a reason. And the reason is that nuclear weapons have actually been North Korea's business. They've been in the business of developing nuclear weapons, threatening the world with them and then shaking down the world for different forms of aid for them to either, you know, supposedly give up or mute or, you know, diminish their nuclear stockpile. And so it's just so hard for anyone to imagine that, having behaved that way for so many years, now they're about to give them up.","So is President Trump being played?You know, what does the Trump administration want out of the summit on June 12?","Well, you know, part of my reaction to it is - you know, Kim Jong Un, 35 years old - Donald Trump, 71 years old - alone in a room, negotiating nuclear weapons. What could go wrong?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The problem is extremely hard and difficult to understand as well as constantly changing."} +{"dialogue":["I understand, Mr. Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The 15-year-old is asking for the details of the reunion, not the tea"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, yeah. yeah.","So. . .","You know, you had - your career - I mean, you've done a lot of things - you've been a model; you've been a teacher, as we said - but getting your record career going was a little bumpy.","Very bumpy. And I was a musician first. I did all the other stuff to try to fund my music career, and yeah, it took a long time. It took about seven years to get my deal off the ground for a variety of reasons. The music industry is in flux. I mean, we'd have deals on the table; they'd fall through. And in that time, we just kind of kept moving forward, which you have to do. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Even though they faced many obstacles in their music career, they persevered and continued to move forward."} +{"dialogue":["But there are some bright spots in the world of retail. We hear about one of them today as part of our series this week, giving you a little break from all that bad economic news. Lisa Olivares manages a kiosk. It's called CCE Headgear. It's at a mall in Fayetteville, North Carolina near Fort Bragg. I recently gave Lisa a call on her cell phone while she was working at the kiosk.","We do custom embroidery. You can either bring in your own items or we provide them for you.","And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The soldiers are a major customer base for the kiosk."} +{"dialogue":["To be fair to President Trump, while tariffs, in my view, represent appalling economic policy, they are a reasonable political tactic in seizing the attention of a foreign government - in this case, China. And he succeeded on that. But in terms of the outcome that he produces, it'll be a classic case of the glass being either half-full or half-empty, depending on who looks at it.","Market access and a reduction in the U. S. trade deficit with China over time - the glass will be more than half full. But on the others, the glass will get progressively empty. And I would be surprised, particularly on that question of state subsidy for China's high-technology industries, whether we'll see much substantive Chinese movement at all.","Do you think that Chinese leaders respect President Trump and his negotiating style?","I think the Chinese see in Trump two things. One is a preparedness to double down on these trade negotiations over a long period of time to extract maximum change in the Chinese position. So they see Trump as exercising American strength."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The outcome of President Trump's negotiations with China is likely to be uncertain, and it may be difficult to judge the success or failure of his policies."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Duncan Hunter spent campaign money on personal expenses"} +{"dialogue":["Well, speaking of talking, do you think that Mr. Obama is now speaking with both the Israeli and Palestinian leaders?","I would not expect that. It would not necessarily be in his interest to do that. There's certain amount of meaning in the often-repeated statement that we just have one president at a time, and of course, over the weekend, we heard Obama's people repeating that. It's really not something that makes sense for him to be caught up in, the decision-making or negotiations, until he has a standing to be so and to be doing so as president of United States.","Well, this is certainly something that Mr. Obama doesn't need right now, given that he's got a lot on his plate dealing with the economy. How distracting will it be for him?","It would be a tremendous distraction, except that this is the nature of the job, and he has himself said, back during the campaign, a president of the United States needs to be able to focus on more than one crisis at a time. It's a good thing he's thinking that way because he's going to have lots of them, and he's going to have to try to use the energy and the attention focus that he gets from one crisis to keep the country going forward on a number of fronts - that's the economy, the energy crisis, the healthcare situation - all of this while he tries to deal with international crises. That's the situation we're in, and he seems to know that, and he seems to be up for it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Mr. Obama should not negotiate with Israeli and Palestinian leaders before he becomes the president."} +{"dialogue":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes"} +{"dialogue":["So you have worked directly with children at the Homestead Shelter in South Florida. Can you take us through one case, one specific type service that you provide now that you wouldn't be able to if and when these cuts go forward?","Generally we provide a Know-Your-Rights presentation to every single child that is detained in an ORR facility in South Florida. Next we provide a one-on-one legal screening with every single child that is in one of these shelters. That legal screening has two purposes. One is to let us know, is this an emergency?Do we need to file this child's case right away?Or are they eligible for relief and are going to be released to another location?If they're eligible for relief and going to be released elsewhere, we will work our butts off to try to find them a lawyer wherever they are released to.","What would it look like for a kid without a lawyer, without this type of legal aid that you're describing?","I mean, you can only imagine. There's no way that any child would be able to navigate this system alone. You know, no child is going to be able to represent themselves in court. And, you know, we see that already with unrepresented children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Representation in court is necessary for children's cases."} +{"dialogue":["But I understand the point that you're making. She drill - she drilled that into. . .","You know what I'm saying?She drummed that - she drilled that into us. . .","There you go.","One blow, you go. You don't examine; you don't wonder. You run, and you come home, and then we talk from there. And that needs to be - you have to have a line in the sand that is clearly drawn from a young age. And I don't think that happened."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : something was done repeatedly over and over so it became second nature"} +{"dialogue":["Things have been added during the years. There is what's called the SkyLine level, which is a public event space built at the 100-foot level. They've also built a building kind of around the base that has the gift shop. Otherwise, it's pretty much intact.","Mm-hmm. And it was built with the science fair in mind as part of a larger ground. Part - it would fit into the larger works of the whole world's fair here.","That's right. It was actually late coming in the fair. They realized in the process, they needed a symbol for the fair, and they didn't have one. They didn't have a means of financing it. They didn't have a location for it. The Space Needle is where it is because the city managed to find a small piece of property that they could sell to a private developer to build the Space Needle. And it happened to be the perfect spot.","You talked about the structure itself having a very feminine shape to it. But anybody who has looked at this thing swears that it looks like a UFO at the top there landing or taking off."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The tower has curves along it's base that resemble the curves of a woman."} +{"dialogue":["But what is likely to happen if the men succeed and these lawsuits gain class-action status?I mean, could it upend how these cases are treated?","I mean, if they did gain class-action status, which I personally think is pretty steep thing for them to get, I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students and the survivors having to go through all of this again, and it also has a wider reaching impact as far as what students who are going through these circumstances see and think as far as reporting. And that's one of the things that I see as a concern.","Yeah. What message does it send to the victims?","Right. What message does it send to the victims who have already been a minority of people who report, and because the school didn't do it the right way, that their situation is not validated. And I do think that it can have a real chilling impact on other survivors reporting and coming forward and saying, as we have said in recent years, #MeToo because they think it just may come back and not matter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students"} +{"dialogue":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr. Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings."} +{"dialogue":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money."} +{"dialogue":["How much did you pay for that last box of Girl Scout cookies you bought?Five bucks, six maybe, maybe more?How about $15 billion?That's the price of a single box if - if it were turned into graphine. Researchers at Rice University in Houston have discovered a way to turn anything with carbon into graphine, the super-strong wonder material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold. You heard that right, two million times.","Forget alchemy, that's for chumps. This is graphene, worth a lot more in its weight of gold. Marc Abrahams, editor and founder of the Annals of Improbable Research is here to tell us why graphene is so pricey and what this invention could mean for nanotechnology. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thanks, Ira, nice to be back.","So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Girl Scout cookies can be turned into graphene, a valuable material."} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","It's Uncle Sam to the rescue, but what is the long-term fallout for your mortgage or your community?We're talking about an unprecedented takeover. The federal government has seized the reigns of mortgage giants Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae. Together the companies hold nearly half of the country's mortgages. And here to break down the bailout and other economic news we've got Keith Reed. He's a business reporter for the Cincinnati Enquirer, and he blogs for BET's finance page, Dollar Out Of 15 Cents. Keith, how are you?","How you doing, Farai?","Good. Now give me a really quick hit on what these two entities are and how they've worked with the government until now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The federal government has taken control of mortgage companies Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae"} +{"dialogue":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The subpoena is a powerful tool of influence and negotiation, not just a last resort."} +{"dialogue":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S. says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is no actual table, just the hope that Iran will negotiate with them."} +{"dialogue":["Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.","We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?","Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.","What are those reasons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : In Virginia, it is difficult to vote early without a valid reason"} +{"dialogue":["The tech companies cover a whole spectrum of businesses. And I think you'd have to go through the processes and procedures we have in place to look at, are they hurting competition, and are they negatively affecting the prices that consumers pay for their services and their goods.","Well, a lot of research has been done into it. What do you think?Do you think they are?","I think that Amazon, in certain ways, clearly is restraining the creation of businesses. And I think that's an important filter. That's my entrepreneurial filter. I mean, Amazon is able to see which of their vendors are most successful in selling their products. And then if Amazon decides to, they can go and acquire that specific company. That seems like an unfair competitive advantage to many people.","You said that red tape is preventing the creation of businesses. President Trump has famously made deregulation a big part of his pitch to the American people. Does President Trump have a point?Are we an overly regulated society?","When you get rid of all the regulations, as Donald Trump is suggesting, really, we become incredibly vulnerable to what appear to be small decisions, but they become bigger decisions. We need regulation. What I was saying is we don't need red tape, right?While I was governor, we went through 24,500 rules and regulations. And we looked for the red tape that really is not adding regulatory value."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Tech companies may have negative impact on competition and consumer prices."} +{"dialogue":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The women that were photographed did not see themselves as beautiful before the project"} +{"dialogue":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Having a good catcher is crucial for the team's success and many great managers are former catchers."} +{"dialogue":["And?","And it got huge. I don't know.","What happens?How does something go viral on Craigslist?I don't even know.","I don't know. I mean, I tweeted about it, and then it started getting passed around. And, you know, people started writing posts on blogs. I think someone called it, like, the most beautiful Craigslist missed connection post ever.","(Laughter) That's a very competitive category."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : the post became popular because people started sharing and reposting it on social media and blogs."} +{"dialogue":["Is there any recourse here whatsoever, and is there any way to see from here on out how companies are actually using this bailout money, to be very clear about where and who it's going to?","Well, if your question goes beyond executive compensation to how the money is being used, yeah, we have a special inspector general that is overseeing it. We also have the General Accounting Office doing some review. We do have a problem with the General Accounting Office; can it get bank records so we know what they're using their money for?No, we need to clarify that in the law. You know, the oversight is meant to be strong through the special inspector-general. As a practical matter, will it be?We're going to have to wait a month or two to find out.","Charles Grassley is the Republican senator from Iowa. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be."} +{"dialogue":["Whichever direction the U. S. is going, it's clearly not great news for the Europeans, who Iran is very close to their borders. It's just next door in the Middle East. And we've seen what happens in the Middle East doesn't tend to stay there and has direct consequences for the Europeans. So the Europeans have been trying to urge, sadly, unsuccessfully so far, for the U. S. side to show a bit more pragmatism and realism about what it's expecting from Iran.","At the same time, you have said that Iran knows all the, quote, \"red buttons. \"Can you talk about what that means and how that can contribute to escalation?","Iran has essentially been living as a neighbor to the United States, if you think about it, for 20 years. Why?Since the invasion of Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq, which are two big, bordering countries to Iran. . .","Where there is an American troop presence."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Middle East conflicts have a spillover effect on Europe."} +{"dialogue":["And then there's the hurricane season that starts in the Atlantic tomorrow.","Yeah. And of course, hurricanes are changing as the Earth warms. This is sort of the classic, archetypal climate-affected weather system. They're getting larger and wetter. They're dropping more rain. Think Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. Think Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas last year. This year, the Weather Service predicts a normal year. I'm putting that in scare quotes. That means two to four major hurricanes. But it only takes one of those hitting the U. S. to do a lot of damage, so it all adds up to just an enormous amount of flood danger for a lot of Americans.","That's NPR science reporter Rebecca Hersher. Becky, thank you.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change"} +{"dialogue":["Oh, gosh. Mr. Lamason, do we know why the whales do this?","We don't know. And there's a lot of theories around. But if you had to design a piece of landscape to capture whales, Golden Bay is pretty much perfect. It's a - quite a closed-in bay. It's got this large spit sweeping around, and the seabed out from there is very shallow for quite some kilometers. And there's a great chance that these whales were coming in here to feed and have made a poor choice about how close they can get in.","And is there anything human beings can or should do to try and help the whales?","Yeah, that's an interesting question. When these whales die, they actually initiate an ecosystem around them and it brings in a lot of wildlife that wouldn't necessarily be around. So people are saying, well, why don't you get out there and stop them stranding in the first place?Well, as I mentioned earlier, they're relying on this area for food. It'll be a little bit like closing the supermarket because you're worried about the shelves falling on people. They need to get in there. And if some of them die, well, that is - that's very sad. But also, there's a lot of other animals that make - you know, take advantage of their carcasses as well. So it's a - it's an interesting question."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that there may be something that people can do to prevent the whales from stranding,"} +{"dialogue":["Oh, my goodness.","And it's been another brutal cycle. And the rhetoric is really intense. What do you hear?","What I hear and what I see and what's been the case for me for, gosh, two or three years now is that we are all having these conversations about big news of the day that dances around race and never really engages with it. I think, for me, the biggest example this week was President Trump's comments about possibly altering the 14th Amendment, which we know guarantees birthright citizenship. And so, you know, the history of that amendment is rooted in race. And I think a lot of folks have been really lacking to talk about that. But this amendment was passed for black people to give slave descendants the right to be citizens. And so we cannot talk about this adequately without talking about the racial history of the amendment, but even that is not enough.","Why not?Explain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The conversations do not talk about race but avoid it."} +{"dialogue":[". . . In terms of choices. I mean, am I wrong about that?","You know, that research is still in the early stages as well. And I don't want to undermine it or underplay it, but you have to think about things sort of globally. And one thing that you can do is - if you're concerned about sunscreen use is you can just be extra careful about covering up.","So I know for my own kid, the swimsuit I got for him has long sleeves. And I'm always putting, like, a big hat on him. So you're telling me that's not overkill.","That is not overkill. That's actually a great idea. You know, there are a lot of sun-protective clothing on the market now, so that will help protect the environment 'cause you're using less sunscreen. And it will also help protect you against any potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","In the end, how big a deal is this study published by JAMA?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Using sun-protective clothing helps protect the environment and against potential problems with sunscreen ingredients."} +{"dialogue":["Passe blanc - it's a phrase well-known in color-conscious corners of the black community. American literature is chock full of stories of light-skinned black folks passing for white. But, whites passing for black?That's a phenomena not so well mapped. History has provided us with examples of white entertainers in black face, and white artist performing black music form from R&B to rap. But, whites who have actually sought to become blacks, some of them successfully, is the subject of a new and fascinating book by Baz Dreisinger, excuse me. It's called \"Near Black: White to Black, Passing in American Culture. \"Baz, welcome to News &Notes.","Thanks for having me.","You call whites passing as blacks \"white passers. \"Central to this notion of white passing is proximity as you say in the book, let's talk about what you mean. Is that like blackness rubbing off on people?","It is, really. It starts in the 19th century as a kind of anxiety about black becoming closer to white, sometimes physically, sometimes metaphorically with the end of slavery, and it transforms into this notion that somehow, proximity to blackness has a kind of contagious character. And contagion is a metaphor that's used quite often in the narratives, and in the discourse surrounding white people passing for black, that the idea that being close can somehow transform one's racial identity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close "} +{"dialogue":["I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.","But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.","I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.","Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : We are not actually gypsies but a touring band"} +{"dialogue":["I'm doing quite well. Always great to talk to you. We just heard from Deroy Murdock, who gave an analysis as a conservative, as a Libertarian conservative that basically said the president is doing us wrong by moving ahead with a program like TARP. Party lines have been divided over this, you know, within the Democratic and Republican parties. What's your perspective on the usefulness of TARP and how the money that has not been allocated is best used?","Well, let me kind a give you a little bit of the history of TARP. As you know, we were confronted with an emergency situation where the secretary, Secretary Paulson, came to us and said, we're in a crisis.","Over the weekend prior to his being in contact with us about our crises, he had engineered a big sale on Wall Street because it appeared that if one of the big banks that was involved in the sale had gone bust-up on that weekend prior to the markets opening on Monday morning, it would have triggered a depression.","When he came to us as the treasurer, knowledgeable about the economy, describing the dire situation, he had a four-page proposal. It really did shake everybody up. But we tried to put some meat on the proposal and not just give him what he was asking for with no strings attached."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The big sale on Wall Street was engineered to avoid depression"} +{"dialogue":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E. Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va. We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Some may view removing statues as a cop-out."} +{"dialogue":["I was like, is this really happening?I also was quite bothered by the fact that folk would actually take advantage of community organizers working, like, to shift the landscape of violence and discrimination that is happening in our country.","As an activist, are you concerned that people possibly outside of this country are using social issues, which are divisive, and trying to sort of pit people against each other?","That is the worry. It's a huge concern. And it's unfortunate. But this is the age of technology that we're living in. And with any business practice, you want to do your due diligence with the folks that you're partnering with. It's just better for our work that this has happened because then we get to elevate our work and be more intentional with the communities that we serve.","So when you say due diligence, what does that mean, practically speaking?What are you doing differently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The landscape of violence is not an actual landscape but the way society promotes violence and violence is seen everywhere."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","Even the CIA's, like, getting this information. I imagine it's like the details that are the stuff that really make it pop, right?So can you give us an example of some of the details that you get about the personal life and interests of the dignitaries he may meet?","Sure. So as you can imagine, politics is about relationships and personalities. And so every leader has their own lifestyle, their own favorite things to do, their own personal interests. And so we endeavor to find out what those are. So for example, I'll take a meeting that happened between President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Koizumi of Japan. Koizumi was a huge Elvis fan.","(Laughter).","And we learned that, and we knew that. And so the president decided, let's take Prime Minister Koizumi to Graceland. So they flew to Memphis. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Knowing personal details about foreign dignitaries is important for diplomacy"} +{"dialogue":["Are some people giving up?","Some people are. I've heard some of my clients say, maybe we will hire less foreign nationals. Maybe, you know, it's becoming too difficult because, obviously, as you know, there's a cost associated with this, too. And some companies are in a position to take on these costs. Some others are not. So you get to the position where companies may turn around and say, well, we just won't hire anybody, and we won't care about the best and the brightest. We will just go forward and not do any of these applications in the future.","Immigration lawyer Pierre Bonnefil, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Thank you. Have a great day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The companies's representatives will look at the hiring situation and make a statement."} +{"dialogue":["What about William Thompson, Jr. ?Originally of Brooklyn, now of Manhattan. He actually won the Democratic nomination four years ago and ran an unexpectedly close race.","Oh, absolutely. And interestingly enough, he's been part of the New York political establishment for a very long time. You hear people refer to him as Billy, because he's William Thompson, Jr. His father was prominent in politics, generally well-liked in very much a known quantity.","Bill de Blasio of Brooklyn, the public advocate.","An interesting man - I guess you could still call him a young man. I was about to call him a young man. I've known him since we were both running around in sneakers. But he was an aide to David Dinkins. He was the campaign manager for Hillary Clinton when she ran for Senate here in New York and served a couple of terms in the New York City Council. So, he's been in and around this stuff for decades and now he thinks it's his time to go for the big chair."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze."} +{"dialogue":["Well, what we hear is a lot of relief, really, that this relentless countdown to all-embracing war, civilians may be averted. But, of course, people are still afraid because what is not off is this war on terror. There are a number of listed terror organizations in Idlib, formerly called Al-Nusra and other groups. And they will be hit with air raids. They will be moved out of this buffer zone that you just described. They will be fought. And hundreds of thousands of civilians can still end up in the crossfire.","How do you establish and enforce a nine-mile demilitarized zone?","Well, the idea of Russia and Turkey is now that Nusra and the other extremist groups will either voluntarily go from this zone, or they will be forced out by other groups and that Turkey and Russia have agreed that there will be an enforcement of this.","The possibility of a battle in Idlib is figured to be probably the last battle of the Syrian civil war that's been going on for a number of years now. Does this agreement avoid that battle or merely postpone it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite the relief of averted war, people are still afraid of the war on terror and the potential for civilian casualties."} +{"dialogue":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The impacts of opioid addiction and other diseases and deaths of despair were not fully appreciated until they were seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome."} +{"dialogue":["They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.","They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.","So what can be done about this opponent?","We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The opponent is using complex systems to attack us"} +{"dialogue":["What's the word that comes to your mind when I say Miles Davis?","Blue. I mean, (laughter) is that lame?I mean. . .","No. Not at all. And I think there's this aura to this album. And it is about blue. And it's also about the other word I was thinking of, which is cool. You know, when we talk about the 1950s - bebop, which had come out of the '40s, has really reached a sort of maturity. And bebop is all about frenetic tempos and, you know, this real sort of virtuosic mastery. Miles Davis cut his teeth on bebop. But with this album, he really makes a concerted effort to move in a different direction. And so he brings all this space and openness and these kind of languid tempos and creates a mood. It's no secret why people love it. It just feels good.","All right. One of those guys who played on that album was John Coltrane. He also put out a classic album in 1959. Let's listen to a little bit of the title track from \"Giant Steps. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Miles Davis' album creates a mood that people love."} +{"dialogue":["Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are as American as a bridge to nowhere. They're little, and sometimes not so little, holiday packages designed to win the votes of senators and representatives for national legislation with government money that's earmarked to directly benefit their states or districts. Many Democrats have groused about the latest examples that have been added, often in hand-written scrawls, into the new tax bill. Norman Ornstein is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and joins us now. Norm, thanks for being with us.","A pleasure, Scott.","What are some of the earmarks you've noticed in this tax bill?","Well, we have, of course, the most famous one, which is now being called with hashtags all over Twitter, the Corker kickback, named for Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee who had famously said quite early on I will not vote for any tax bill that adds a dime to the deficit and then turned around at the last minute and voted for this one with a provision added very, very late in the game to provide additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's, as they're called, a particular kind of corporation. And Corker has significant investments in them, as does Donald J. Trump and other members of the Trump family - something that would specifically give them millions in additional tax benefits."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are commonly accepted political tools used by legislators to curry favor with constituents."} +{"dialogue":[". . . dominated by one single country.","And this in the context of several deals to construct dams with the power going to China, constructed by Chinese companies and virtually Chinese sovereign states that were constructed to accommodate the workers for these facilities.","Yeah. And this is the way that Chinese work all over the region, and then that's why a lot of countries in the region are fearful to Chinese. They're very generous with their loans. Most of the loans don't require any payback. But they send in their own workers to construct the projects, and then obviously, most of the benefits go back to the Chinese. You see that all over in Southeast Asia.","We're talking with Michael Sullivan, the long-time Southeast Asia correspondent for NPR News, now, a freelance reporter based in Northern Thailand and recently returned from another trip to Myanmar, the country also known as Burma. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And one of the changes, Michael, I have to ask you about censorship in Burma; tightly controlled media for many, many years or decades. Has that begun to loosen up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) suggests that the government of Myanmar has started to relax its restrictions on the media."} +{"dialogue":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"from the depths to the heights\" is an expression used figuratively to describe a significant improvement or progress, rather than literally referring to a physical location or elevation."} +{"dialogue":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The oil industry may be involved in bribery to get favorable treatment"} +{"dialogue":["Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.","Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.","And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.","Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The brain is capable of adjusting to unusual situations quickly."} +{"dialogue":["I will say that it has been the economic situation. Although, it looks good on paper, and it looks good theoretically. But the poverty is very high. We have seen that he has been closing all the public spaces and shut down any kind of politics. He has been arrested over than 80,000 Egyptians since 2013 to now. Dozens, hundreds of mass death sentence have been issued by his courts. Dozens have been executed every year. So there is unprecedented crackdown and unprecedented repressions that not even existed during the Mubarak era, which some people could say that Mubarak's era was a liberal era for Egypt if it's compared to what we have - we are living under now. Egypt is very fragile and far away from being stable.","We're hearing the call to prayer, of course, behind you. Did I hear you say that you might look back on the Mubarak era as a liberal, enlightened, progressive era for Egypt?","I would say that the significant differences between Mubarak and Sissi - Mubarak was a dictator. Let's agree on this. But there is a level of repression that actually will not cripple the state to function. And that was the situation under Mubarak. So the level of repression right now under Sissi really cripples the state of functioning.","Mr. Zaree, does - near as you can tell, does President Sissi still have the support of the military who helped him gain power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The level of repression makes it hard for the country to function on all levels."} +{"dialogue":["And what's your percentage normally?","Normally, it's around 65 to 70 percent in practice.","It's a little easier when nobody is guarding.","Yeah, a little bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around."} +{"dialogue":["Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.","I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.","The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.","You say the U. S. government panicked. Did the U. S. government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private."} +{"dialogue":["God, I know, the torment of it. You know, it's weird to be an artist who works really slow. I mean, we have a country that does not like people to take the time. We have a country that even its artists are on the punch-clock. So someone like me really stands out, you know. But you've got to do what you've got to do. And hopefully I can just finish it, forget how long it takes. As long as I can finish the darn thing, I'll be grateful.","Yeah, the last book took - I know it was sort of a painful process for you, wasn't it, this most recent book?","But, you know, that process gets lost. No one remembers it. No one - and that's what's the best part about being artist. There's all the sweat you break, all the dust you raise, all the sort of things, all the internal emotional timbre that goes in the work. No one will remember. That's the best part. All that's left is the actual work.","And, you know, my books, I try to keep the sweat off the books. So people read it, and they're like wow, this feels like this was effortless. That's a great - for me, more than anything, that's the best part of this. My work, that what I put into it doesn't show on the page. That's, like, great."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The hard work and emotions put into creating art are not always acknowledged or remembered."} +{"dialogue":["And we simply took surgical samples of the sinus lining from patients with chronic sinusitis and healthy individuals who didn't have sinus disease but were in for surgery for different indications. And we simply compared those samples and asked the question, what's different between patients with chronic sinusitis and healthy individuals?And we show that the sinusitis patients had this incredible collapse of the microbial community in their sinus cavity.","And they were characterized by having kind of an outgrowth or an enrichment of this one bacterium called corynebacterium tuberculostearicum - it's quite a mouthful - and we know very little about it. And as it turns out, this organism typically lives on the skin and really doesn't do anything harmful there. But in the context of a loss of the microbial diversity and this organism there in very high numbers, this is what characterized the patients.","So we moved on to look at this in mice and to really see if something that we consider to be not very harmful in one context could, under this depletion of the microbiome, cause hallmarks of disease. And that's indeed what we found in our murine studies, in our mouse studies.","So if you had a healthy population to offset the bad bacteria, that kept you feeling better and not. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum is not harmful on the skin but is harmful in the sinus cavity with loss of microbial diversity"} +{"dialogue":["So to me, I'm not blaming what took place in El Paso on the politicians. What I am saying is that our political climate may very well serve as a facilitative platform for these crazy, extreme actions and ideas to be made manifest. So all of us need to build firewalls immediately. That's what I'm saying.","The question, though, I think, Reverend Rodriguez - I'm sorry, you just cannot escape the fact that many people feel that this president exacerbates these tensions in a way that few other national leaders do. I mean, telling people to go back where they came from, you know, who are people who happen not to be white - you know, when three of the four people he told to go back where they came from are people of color - I mean, how is that - how do you not account for that?I mean, how do you address that?","Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : President Trump's remarks contribute to tensions and exacerbate racism"} +{"dialogue":["Claire Messud's \"The Burning Girl\" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.","\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The bond between Cassie and Julia is strong and special, even though they grow apart in middle school."} +{"dialogue":["That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well.","Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, almost all of these things, once you start, there is significant pressure for it to escalate. So when, you know, another example, when Bill Clinton starts NATO air strikes in Serbia, in the Kosovo War in 1999 to protect Kosovar Albanians who were being massacred by Serbian nationalists, then the Clinton administration starts out doing air strikes and then comes under lots and lots of pressure to say air strikes aren't enough, air strikes are not really saving civilian populations on the ground. You need to do more.","So I think, you know, I think when the Obama administration looks at this, then there's a debate about - on the one hand, you could say - and it's not that the Obama administration is considering troops on the ground because they're definitely not. But if you're arming the rebels in Syria, does that create more pressure for you to support them or does it mean that the rebels can stand on their own two feet, which means less pressure on the Obama administration to get involved?","Well, you're talking about the law of unintended consequences. If you're supporting them and recognize them and they start to lose, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Military interventions often escalate beyond their original scope."} +{"dialogue":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Elon Musk may not have had the funding secured for taking Tesla private"} +{"dialogue":["Jim Kelly, the great old Buffalo Bills quarterback, can't remember the fourth quarter of the most important football game. And as he works all his life to get into that fourth quarter of the Super Bowl, and he can't remember.","Can't remember it, but it's on video. No, it's - I love Jim Kelly. I mean. . .","Yeah, I do too.",". . . He was a great player to watch. And he's in a special case because he's had several cancers that keep returning, and he's lost a son. He suffered in ways not of his own choosing. I mean, football was his own choosing. It was very poignant, though, because he told it, like, sort of joyously. He said, oh, yeah, we called it dings back then. You know, we call it concussions now and CTE, but no, no, no, it was great. I don't remember anything. I remember wandering back to the team hotel the day after the Super Bowl and wondering why I was there and not remembering - and he thought it was a funny story."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Jim Kelly can't remember the most important football game despite being a great quarterback"} +{"dialogue":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Ratings for her daytime show are down, her magazine circulation numbers are falling, and a poll shows her popularity just isn't what it used to be. Is Oprah paying a price for publicly supporting Barack Obama's presidential campaign?","Plus, Jennifer Hudson won an Oscar for \"Dream Girls,\" so why did she take a small part in a big film?Plus, Laurence Fishburne gets a Tony Award nomination for his portrayal of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. To help us talk about these issues, we've got our entertainment guru, Allison Samuels of Newsweek Magazine. How're you doing?","Good. How are you?","You look fabulous because we're on camera. But it's a webcast, so we're working things out. So, good thing we both look fresh and smiling.","OK, yeah, always."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Oprah popularity and relevance seem to be diminishing due to her side in politics."} +{"dialogue":["Right. No, you hit it right on. The - no glass is unbreakable, certainly, and when you strengthen the glass this much, there's tremendous compressive stress put in the surface of the glass. So when you do actually manage to break it, that kind of force, the energy that's stored in the glass causes it to shatter, like you say, pretty impressively.","So you make the glass itself in upstate New York there at Corning. And then you have to ship it to China for them to put it in the phones.","We make the glass. We don't make it here in Corning, New York, we make it in plants around the world. We have a plant in Kentucky and Taiwan and Japan. And yes, we make large sheets of this glass, and then we put it into crates, and then we ship it to companies called finishers, most of them are in China, and those are the companies that actually cut the glass into the pieces, drill holes, polish, et cetera, into the shapes of the parts that go onto the devices.","Why can't you - I'm sorry, why can't you make it the shape itself beforehand?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The glass is not unbreakable despite being strengthened."} +{"dialogue":["Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.","And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.","Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Neural stem cells have a better chance of becoming healthy cells."} +{"dialogue":["Just quickly, do you think the president will stay on message when he announces this this afternoon?","Well, if past is prologue, often, he gets off message or does not stick to the script. But sometimes, in the Rose Garden, he sticks to those teleprompters. So, you know, you never know. But he certainly has a lot of ideas about immigration.","NPR's Tamara Keith.","Thanks, Tam."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president sometimes goes off script during announcements, but sometimes sticks to teleprompters."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The implication of this turn is that the scandal has a far-reaching effect on the university and its stakeholders, beyond just the legal repercussions."} +{"dialogue":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Safe-haven laws provide a vastly superior system to take a child out of a dangerous situation and place them in a safe environment."} +{"dialogue":["Just market access, kind of where the Chinese government was trying to protect the early start-up of industries in China. And I think now the economy's grown enough that this - many of these things could be opened up again and access could increase for American businesses. It's also information technology, being able to make sure you can move information across boundaries, things like that.","OK. I'm hearing you - I'm hearing a wish list on what you want China to do. But is there anything you want to see from this administration that would help things out for Cummins?","Most importantly for me, I want to see engagement. I think that U. S. businesses do very well whenever there is any access to foreign markets. We can succeed in markets when we have a chance to compete. And that's really what we want to see with every economy around the world. We'd like to see that with the USMCA, too - the Mexico-Canada agreement, too. We'd like to see that signed and completed. We'd like to see more free trade agreements with other countries.","Have you raised any of these concerns directly with the White House?I know that you sit on the Business Roundtable, which is this pretty powerful organization made up of prominent CEOs like yourself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : U.S. businesses perform well when there's access to foreign markets and a chance to compete. More free trade agreements with other countries are wanted."} +{"dialogue":["Let's start with what's happening in those factories that produce or produced all those goods that we just couldn't get enough of during the boom. What's happening there now?","The scene on the shop floors in China is a grim one. There are tens of thousands of factories being closed, many thousands already shuttered. Those numbers don't tell you how big those factories are. China has factories with everything from five people in them to 150,000 people in them.","But the story is bad. I mean, if you just count the migrant workers who have lost their jobs in the last seven months, that count's up to over 10 million. And that's a government number, so it's probably low.","So, it could be many more than 10 million."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation in Chinese factories is dire with many factories closed and workers losing their jobs, including millions of migrant workers."} +{"dialogue":["I think we overstate this, right?I really do. I think we overstate the threat that primaries pose, No. 1, to members. No. 2, what I would suggest is, OK, so what?That's your job. It's comes with the territory, right?And last time I checked, the Constitution wasn't written so that members could win re-election without threat, right?That's not the point.","The whole point - the whole basis of our regime of democratic accountability is so that members are held accountable for the decisions they make in office, not to push those decisions off elsewhere so that they can just keep winning. The only place where our views and our concerns are adjudicated in this wonderful nation of ours is in Congress. It's the only place. And if Congress isn't doing that, then Congress isn't doing its job.","So you seem less concerned that the president is overreaching than that the Congress is sitting on its hands.","I think that is the much bigger concern. The president most certainly it appears to be overreaching, right?I mean, this law has been passed presumably not to do end runs around Congress when the president can't get what he or she wants. So if you want funding, it seems to me, the best way to get it is to actually bargain and haggle and try to - and refuse to sign bills that don't give you that funding."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The threat that primaries pose to members is not overstated"} +{"dialogue":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is NEWS AND NOTES. On today's Africa update, is Somalia the forgotten crisis?Plus, Spain indicts 40 Rwandan military officers for genocide. And HIV positive men get arrested in Egypt. For more, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a Senior Scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Bill, nice to talk to you again.","I'm glad to be back.","Let's start with Somalia. United Nations Agency UNICEF says the lives of up to 15,000 children are at risk in Somalia unless emergency aid arrives in the next few weeks. It also says children in Somalia are more at risk than children anywhere else in the world. Now since fighting in the capital Mogadishu began nearly six months ago, thousands have fled the city and are living in refugee camps. They are facing starvation and disease. Question number one: Why does Somalia have such a pressing humanitarian crisis right now?","Well, as you know, Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil since 1991 when Siad Barre was overthrown and a clan-based civil war unfolded. And the Somali state, there was no government. It basically collapsed and had been non existent basically until the union of Islamic Courts - an Islamist group - took over power years ago."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil\" is a figurative expression, as \"state of turmoil\" is a metaphorical way of describing the ongoing conflict and instability in Somalia. \"Collapsed and had been non-existent\" is also figurative language, as the country still existed physically but lacked a functioning government."} +{"dialogue":["The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.","Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.","Good morning.","What have the children been paid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Jamal Khashoggi was killed by Saudi authorities after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul."} +{"dialogue":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Reading, studying my lessons.You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while.So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research."} +{"dialogue":["I actually haven't done the calculation, but if you can separate the light of the planet from the star, then you can do spectroscopy on it. And so you can look for the biomarkers of CO2 and methane and water and those kinds of gases, and that will tell you whether there's processes going on that generate oxygen and such, which tells a lot about whether there's biology going on on the planet.","This has been described as an unexpected discovery. Why was it so surprising?","Well it was because we weren't particularly looking for planets. Based on the work we did on 40307, we realized that the activity of the star is masking a lot of the potential planet signals. So that sort of clued the lead author, Mikko, into developing a technique that can more carefully and more accurately model the activity due to spots and flares on the surface of the star.","And it - so what we decided to do then, since we didn't know anything about star activity, was to pick a star that had lots of observations, thousands of observations from multiple groups, but didn't have any known planets around it, figuring we would just be studying only the activity. And when we learned how to model that activity and removed it from the analysis, out popped five planets very unexpectedly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Spectroscopy on a planet can reveal if there's biology on it"} +{"dialogue":["I think it is.","Oh my gosh!","I think it is.","This is a huge day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening."} +{"dialogue":["It's interesting. There was an e-mail sent around by a professor at Berkeley yesterday to a bunch of prominent economists saying that the IMF and World Bank are having their annual meeting starting tomorrow, and it was incumbent on economists to weigh in and give them some suggestions. I just finished reading this list of essays, 15 of them written in one day. And the universal common denominator is that everybody sees the crisis right now as devolving from limited capital in the banking system. It's just remarkable how much economists have at least pin-pointed that as the problem, but I don't think that this is rocket science.","It's not rocket science; it's economics. It's the dismal science. It's just - it's not the University of Chicago's way, and now, you're saying, well, maybe this week, it is.","Look, it's not the University of Chicago. Most economists don't think that the government buying firms and taking them over or risking taxpayer money with no protection - to say that, if things improve, the taxpayers will get their money back - is a wise idea at all. I'm not saying that, but economists are famous for, on the one hand and on the other, and if, on the one hand, the choice is to let the economy sink into a recession just to teach these irresponsible bankers a lesson, or the other is to actually use the taxpayer money to prevent it, that's a pretty easy choice.","Anil Kashyap, professor of economics at the famed University of Chicago. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The problem of the crisis is not difficult to identify, but finding a solution is not that easy."} +{"dialogue":["They're definitely not smarter than us. Some of them are really dumb. Like, I definitely have footage of raccoons who just crawl all over it for a little while and then slink away. But some of them - it is amazing how smart they seem to be. One of the videos I captured, the raccoon just walks up to the bin, pulls it right down and it lands with a bang. And then she turns and looks directly at the camera, almost as if to say, ha, you can't stop me. You can't stop me.","(Laughter). Amy Dempsey, an investigative reporter at the Toronto Star on the raccoon beat. Thank you so much.","Thank you.","And FYI, raccoon expert Suzanne MacDonald, told the Toronto Star that her research is ongoing, but the raccoons are, quote, \"not starving to death - that's for sure. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The raccoons are not making a song. The woman is writing stories about them."} +{"dialogue":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There can only be so many award winning, great movies out there for children."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","I want to reiterate what Tovia just said and be absolutely clear that as far as NPR News is concerned, we have confirmed only what you just heard that Tovia say - in that there were two explosions along the route of the Boston Marathon quite close to the finish line. The explosions occurred not on the route itself but in the area where there were thousands of spectators watching. We do know that there were injuries. We cannot confirm how many people have been injured or how severe those injuries are. We will, of course, continue to get details on that.","And as you heard Tovia say, there will be a briefing soon from the Boston Police Department and perhaps some other agencies in Boston. We will bring you details as we know them. Certainly if you are looking at any of these images, a warning to you, they are quite graphic, very upsetting and some violent, violent images coming from the route of the Boston Marathon. Our hearts and prayers are with the people who have been affected by the explosions there. Two explosions on the route of the Boston Marathon near to the finish line.","This is TALK OF THE NATION. Thanks so much for joining us. I'm Celeste Headlee."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The images being shown are very graphic and violent, and our thoughts are with those affected by the explosions"} +{"dialogue":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline."} +{"dialogue":["The White House and the state of California are in the middle of a war over auto emissions. Now 17 automakers are calling for a truce. They want the two sides to reach a compromise on emission standards. The automakers' proposal offers a middle ground between existing Obama-era standards and the Trump administration's announced rollbacks of those standards. NPR's Camila Domonoske has been following this and is in the studio with us this morning. Thanks for coming in.","Yeah, happy to be here.","First, just describe the nature of this standoff. How did it come to be?","Right. So during the Obama administration, the White House set these ambitious targets for fuel economy, basically saying that year over year, cars on average should get more miles per gallon as a way to reduce the contribution to climate change. So these targets were set through 2025 with specific goals every year. The Trump administration wants to freeze those targets at 2020 levels. So basically, instead of getting more efficient over time, cars could stay about where they are now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Trump administration wants to keep fuel economy targets at 2020 levels."} +{"dialogue":["That is correct. I was a young editor. And Fleming was a charming man. I liked him enormously. I liked him better than I liked his books actually. He had my first novel and was very, very kind to me about that. Ayn Rand was another case all together. She and I really didn't get along. But she was a tough cookie.","Among the many question this novel keeps raising is it invites the reader to try to figure out what are we really?And it's asking what's the position of the novel, the story, not even just the novel as a forum, but the story.","What I've learned doing this kind of work is that fiction is the most conservative of the arts. If you think historically what has happened in music or among the poets - Whitman in the 19th century just destroying romantic poetry and building a whole kind of new thing. The ideas carried along by the artists who keep changing, keep looking for more, or for something truer, something greater. But generally speaking, the insistence on storytelling of a realistic nature has predominated and continued in the old ways. So, what I'm guided by - perhaps it's futile - is Ezra Pound's injunction. When he was talking to the poets, he said make it new, make it new. And that's what must have been provoking me when this book came along.","Well, E. L. Doctorow. His new novel, \"Andrew's Brain. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : , the phrase \"make it new\" is not suggesting that the reader should literally create something new, but rather that they should explore new ideas and concepts."} +{"dialogue":["So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?","All right, we'll start with a little reminder about graphene. Graphene is just a form of carbon. It's a form of carbon people knew existed, but just about eight or so years ago, for the first time, people were able to get enough of it to actually look at it. It's the two-dimensional form. It's like a big sheet of chicken wire, that's the shape, and it's really hard to get.","The guys who figured it out did it in a goofy way, using pencil and scotch tape. When you write with a pencil, that stuff that comes off, that graphite, that's really sheets, and sheets and sheets of this thin stuff. But separating those, that was expensive.","The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : tossed around refers to putting ideas out there without much thought"} +{"dialogue":["The storm was downgraded to a category-two hurricane just as it hit land. So, that's got to be good news for everybody there.","Oh, yes. The staff here, were all looking at the - upstairs in the ops room and stuff - They're looking at the weather, everybody's feeling much confident. Our field units - people who first responded are feeling better about the situation, we'll just wait for the past five - even more so that we can get crews out and do a real good damage assessment of the whole parish including the parts in the lower parishes, which will be closer to the eye itself.","Now that the storm has hit land, what are the projections for where it will go and how it will go over the next twelve hours?","Well, my understanding, it's going to slowly drift north, stretching north west and then a little more to the west, and there's a possibility that it may slow down and maybe even stall near the Louisiana, Texas line."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The hurricane may slow down and cause damage near the Louisiana-Texas border."} +{"dialogue":["It was an amazing list. This started around 1910. There was a long list of books, and, at the start, they were things that sound pretty ordinary now, the things you mentioned, titles of things like \"Tom Swift and His Airship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Wireless Message. \"My favorite is \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone. \"If you read \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone,\" which is written in 1914, it sounds like you're hearing the description of Skype or Google Hangout.","The boy inventor invented this in 1914 fictionally, but the details are surprisingly similar.","Are people still reading those books, the Tom Swift books?","That's a good question. There were two big series. The first series started in 1910, went up to about 1940. They updated it in the 1950s and '60s with things like \"Tom Swift and His Rocket Ship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Giant Robot\" and on and on. Those petered out. And they started up a few later, but the later ones just got off into sort of fantasy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The fictional Tom Swift books written in 1910s predicted modern technology."} +{"dialogue":["I think that's a - sometimes an oversimplification. But, you know, there's a bit of a creep factor now, to put it in the plainest terms. You click agree and maybe, you know, ads follow you around the net or - that's sort of the mildest form of these things. But in the sort of worst-case scenario, as you said, you know, your data might be sold in sort of an unethical way. We're all a little bit more wary, at least over here, about that kind of thing.","Over here in contrast to where?","Well, in contrast to other parts of the world. I would say what I saw at CES, which tends to favor big companies like Samsung, like LG, Sony - you know, obviously, are based mostly in Asia - the conversation around privacy there - it hasn't quite penetrated in the same way, at least by my reckoning from what I saw at CES because - I'll give you one example.","LG - they talked very highly about its smart home sort of platform, that all these devices have a connection to the Internet and they're using their sensors to kind of learn your preferences and better tailor what they can do for you. That all sounds good until you kind of realize, well, by definition, what they're doing is profiling you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People in other parts of the world are not as aware of the risks associated with data profiling."} +{"dialogue":["I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .","A limerick.","Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.","You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The remark had racial undertones because of his skin color"} +{"dialogue":["You know, we talk a lot about the germs in our bodies and how many there are spread all over the place. But usually they're in our guts that we're talking about it. We haven't talked much about what's going on in our noses. What is happening up there?","That's true, and I think the field of human microbiome research has really, in the last four, five years, really exploded upon the scene and shown us that many niches in the human body are colonized by bacteria, be it our skin, our mucosal surfaces. These are the softer linings that line the nares, the sinuses, the gastrointestinal, the airways and the urogenital tract. And what we're beginning to see is that these linings of the human body are actually home to a diversity of microbes.","And from much of the studies that have come from the gastrointestinal tract, which has been going on a little longer, we've seen certain hallmarks that are associated with health and disease. We know, for example, that when patients have chronic inflammatory disease, one of the characteristics is this loss of diversity. And sinusitis is quite a significant health care issue. And really, to date, much of the microbial studies that have been performed have largely been based on culturing and bacteria, so trying to grow them on agar plates.","Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Many parts of the human body are colonized by bacteria."} +{"dialogue":["Meanwhile, they put in 40 gigawatts of coal. So renewables are great, but for the developing world, they're still too expensive. And so China and India are going the way they can afford. We can't criticize them for that, and we can't afford to subsidize them. So the switch to natural gas I think is absolutely essential for the next several decades.","All right, thank you very much, it's been enlightening to talk to you, and hope that you'll be back when you've got new data to share with us.","We'd be happy to come back any time, Ira.","Richard Muller, thank you. He's author of \"Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. \"He's also senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. And we're going to take a break, and when we come back, we're going to talk about planetary science of another kind, a trip to Mars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries"} +{"dialogue":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr. Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in."} +{"dialogue":["Well, so certainly President-elect Trump has issued a few statements on cybersecurity, including a campaign platform. Those are pretty thin on details. And some of his statements - it's been difficult to understand whether or not he - how literally to take those particular recommendations. Of his national security hires that have been announced at this point, none are known for having particularly strong cybersecurity backgrounds. So as we see more and more people coming into the administration, we might be able to start getting a sense of what exactly this administration's cybersecurity policy might look like.","Surely when you become the administration, you have a vested interest in national cybersecurity that maybe you lacked before, don't you?","Absolutely. I think while many of his statements during the campaign did not necessarily evince well-developed policy thoughts - he's going to have to come up with more specific ideas. One thing that Donald Trump might run up against is the existence of current laws. So, for example, he's indicated a number of times that he intends to transfer a lot of the cybersecurity mission to the Department of Defense to come up with a plan for defending critical infrastructure. And there are potentially rather serious consequences to sort of the militarization of civilian cyber defense. I think that they might find themselves coming up against an existing framework that doesn't necessarily square with the broad instinct towards wanting to turn towards the military to solve this problem.","I thought the Obama administration was pretty clear in saying, after they asserted that Russian attempts to meddle in the elections had been ongoing, that the United States was going to reply in kind. Can we assume those efforts are going on now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : sking if the Trump administration has an interest in national cybersecurity that it didn't have before"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.",". . . Jupiter. But there's no debris right now. It looks like whatever hit Jupiter, Jupiter just kind of swallowed it whole.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded - when you say debris, I'm reminded of that famous Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet that broke up and smashed into the planet in 1994.","Well, you're right. And, you know, I said 10 or 20 years ago, people might have said that Dan Peterson, who saw the impact, was just, you know, seeing things. But back before comet Shoemaker - excuse me, SL9 hit Jupiter, astronomers were very skeptical that big impacts like that occurred in the modern day solar system. And then we saw that tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes, when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter. And, of course, that was a comet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter was a comet."} +{"dialogue":["So explain to me how this system actually works.","Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.","But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.","And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It does not run but the data is joined with different days of the week, month, and year."} +{"dialogue":["It's a bit of a fly in the ointment for ethical Sarah Palin. There's - in the last month or so, there's been increasing attention paid to an incident in which her opponent say, she pressured her public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband. He's a trooper and what they're saying is that she was trying to get him canned. She denies this, but there's a lot of evidence that suggests - that things are a little more complicated than that and the legislature is investigating now.","Now, she's known as a maverick. She's bucked the establishment so in that way, she compares favorably to John McCain. And tell us a bit more about how she compares with him.","Well, she certainly loves his maverick image. She likes the fact that he challenges the party hierarchy as she has done, and so she's been early McCain supporter on that score. She's got more of a social conservative background than he does, and that may very well be why she's on the ticket because she's got more of those bona fides. But at the same time, some people in Alaska point out that in the two years she's in office so far, she hasn't actually made any big moves on the social conservative front. That she's, you know, she calls herself a social conservative, and certainly has those values, but (unintelligible) necessarily done a lot about it.","Social conservative, she's very pro-life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Sarah Palin may have pressured the public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband"} +{"dialogue":["Why?You know, if you've screw it up, what?You, like, lost 99 cents or $5?I mean, that's money. I'm not saying that that's not important, but God, when I use the cooking - when I lived in New York, it's like, if I screwed up, it was $30 down the drain.","Many of Christiane's recipes come from her own imagination. Others are adaptations from culinary classics like the \"Joy of Cooking\" and \"The Moosewood Cookbook. \"She says she realizes the low-budget nature of her book may not be appetizing to all palates. The 99-cent price tag does have a bit of a stigma.","I feel the same way sometimes. I'm a snob. I'll admit it. And so, you know, sometimes if I cook it, I'm like, oh, I'm pulling the ham out of the can. I don't know.","And maybe it's the ham, maybe it's not."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Using canned ham is not ideal or high quality."} +{"dialogue":["(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?","'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky","Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand","Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The tear in your eye is not a literal tear, but a metaphor for sadness or emotions"} +{"dialogue":["I think his great forte is understanding the problems that we face. He's had great experiences. You know, he was raised - a good part of his youth was in France. He speaks French fluently and understands Europeans quite well, and his being the Allied commander in Europe was absolutely a perfect fit. And he can expand that in giving advice in problems, literally, all over the world.","I read that James Jones went to Georgetown University, where he played basketball. Do you have any sensed of maybe whether he and President-elect Obama might discuss security issues over a game of hoops?","I wouldn't doubt it. President-elect Obama would also find he's a competitor. That ought to be an interesting basketball game.","Congressman Ike Skelton of Missouri. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : President-elect Obama and James Jones may engage in an exciting basketball game because both are competitive, not just because they will discuss security issues."} +{"dialogue":["An so he went from - on Sunday on his Facebook page saying, well, I misspoke. I got the wording wrong, which is something he repeated again today.","Yeah. Well, that plus. He's gotten just increasingly - because as the pressure has mounted - and it's been fascinating to watch the responses from the congressmen, from the Republican Party, from Governor Romney and his running mate. As the public outrage on this has mounted, their apologies have become increasingly full-throated so that, as you mentioned, the congressman started out with I misspoke, like that's a little bit of a bizarre concept. Misspeak is when you accidentally picked the wrong word or say President Clinton when you meant President Obama. This was not misspeaking. As I wrote, this was mis-thinking.","And then similarly, you saw Governor Romney. His campaign several hours after this broke managed to choke out a press release comment saying that the governor and Congressman Ryan disagree with this view. And by morning, disagreement had become finding it offensive and unacceptable. So it's sort of a classic political story of how candidates follow the public polls.","And his colleagues - his would-be colleagues in the United States Senate, basically, as you said, throwing him under the bus."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : very enjoy am very nice feel very enjoy am very nice feel"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Investing in neglected water infrastructure requires a willingness to allocate resources and prioritize maintenance over building new infrastructure, which may be unpopular among some stakeholders."} +{"dialogue":["Now, the economies in Africa, let's say, in the Caribbean are different, are they not, from either the U. S. , Europe, or Asia?And I'm thinking, for example, of the $1 million notes being printed up willy-nilly in Zimbabwe. How has the global downturn affected them?","Well, just on Zimbabwe for a minute. Zimbabwe has a whole host of problems that are really quite unrelated to the credit crunch and the financial crisis. These are big problems that have been in the making for a long, long time because of an economy that's been run into the ground.","But more generally, Africa and Latin America are being hurt, but it doesn't seem quite as bad for example, as those in Eastern Europe, their debt levels are not as high. While they're hurting some because of the big fall in commodity prices - I mean, we've seen for example the first negative growth in South Africa since 1998. But I don't think these are as hard hit because the financial exposure in this part of the world is not as great as let's say it is in the U. S. certainly, in Europe, and parts of emerging Europe.","Is that what is allowing some countries to be - I hesitate to use the word financially successful at the moment, but allowing them to compete in a way that they had not been able to before?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Money is being printed irresponsibly in Zimbabwe and the person wonder's how the lowering economy of the world affects them."} +{"dialogue":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The horses can be tamed and controlled if people approach them calmly and gently."} +{"dialogue":["You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?","Well, clearly there is a very serious need here in the region. We are very geographically dispersed in other words. We have suburbs that extend for miles in every direction. So the need for a broad-based transportation system that depends on a lot of bus service is particularly important in our region. Here in the downtown area, we do have a more extensive rail network that starts in the downtown region and then extends outwards.","But again, that's only the metro services. There are also Metrolink services and Amtrak services that serve more of the Southern California region. So there are lots of transportation choices here, and it would do people that are trying to save money well to look into these services.","Finally, is the federal government supporting the system at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There is a serious need for public transportation in the region."} +{"dialogue":[". . . That it's biased especially against people of color.","Correct. And to be sure, we need to take great care to be refining our use of risk assessments as much as we can. But the alternative is to do it the way we've always done it, which is to rely on judicial hunch and money, which, of course, makes no sense.","Judge Morrison, you've been on the bench here in D. C. for 40-some years?","Almost 40 years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He has not been on a bench but has been working as a judge for some time."} +{"dialogue":["There's a voice that we have not heard a lot from lately and I want to ask you about it. I'm talking about fed chief Ben Bernanke. He seems to have all but disappeared from the headlines. Why is that we aren't hearing more from him as the stimulus package gets debated?","Well, Bernanke's role is to manage U. S. monetary policy - what does money cost, bank regulations, all that stuff. So frankly he doesn't have very many arrows in his quiver yet left. He's got - I think we're down to, you know, under one percent for the federal funds rate. So there's not a lot of pontificating around interest rates that Bernanke can do. He ought to be of greater voice around the stimulus especially around as you - strategy, the bad bank strategy you mentioned.","I believe that what he's doing really is letting the Obama economic team get their feet wet. Very, very soon we ought to be hearing that he and the Treasury secretary have met. He's not an Alan Greenspan. If you think back to 1992 when Clinton was elected, Greenspan immediately jumped out there and was almost a jockeying between Greenspan and Clinton. And Greenspan made it clear, hey, I'm the money guy, I'm in charge of this, guys. And he, you know, he went to the White House, he had very long meeting with Clinton. It's been written about by - it's been written about it, you know, the Washington Post reporter has written extensively about that meeting, Carl F - Bernstein.","Bernstein."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation."} +{"dialogue":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The lack of trust in the community in the DRC is hindering efforts to stop the spread of Ebola."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.","Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.","People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.","All right. Farai, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite the chaos, people had a good time at the event."} +{"dialogue":["Tell me a little bit about the violence. What happened?","The biggest single attack was a suicide bomber here in Kabul. The suicide bomber, trying to get into a polling station, was stopped by a policeman. He detonated his explosive vest outside. In the north, there was shelling in Kunduz. We know that they burned down one polling center outside of Kunduz city. And there's been some irregularities, as well. One local strongman on the outskirts of Kabul brought his armed men in. He's a candidate, and he tried to prevent other people from getting to the polling station. So not by far the cleanest elections. The Afghan government has announced it's arrested a few dozen people for fraud and intimidation. They're trying to make sure that Afghans will have faith in this election.","One of the more hopeful signs, though, this time around is the number of women running, right?Over 400. What will this mean?","They are guaranteed 68 seats in the parliament for each province, but I think the real key has been the number of young people running. As you said, Lulu, there hasn't been parliamentary elections in eight years. The current parliament has been a frustration to many, almost a symbol of the corruption and patronage that has held Afghanistan back. And it was really interesting to see election observers at the polls. There were 400,000 of them - many of them there to support their own candidates to make sure that their candidates got a fair shake in these elections. The fact that so many young people and nonpoliticians were willing to put themselves out there, I think, shows that there's a new generation of Afghans trying to change things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The women are not running but they are trying to get elected."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, yeah. The kids who were studied were in the one-and-a-half years to five-year range. In each case, it was only one parent deployed. They all lived on the same Marine base, which was actually Portsmouth, Virginia. They were all enrolled in a base-supplied childcare program, which allowed them to be studied more closely.","There was one atypical thing, by the way, which is that the deployments were shorter than one would expect. The average was only three and a half months, and we know that many deployments are a year or a year-and-a-half or even longer than that.","And still, even though it was a short deployment, the researchers still saw negative consequences.","Yes, yeah. The whole question of behavioral change was studied by having both parents and teachers fill out questionnaires about the child's behavior. And these kids were compared with other kids on the same base. The only difference is, the comparison kids didn't have a parent deployed to a combat zone.","And what were they measuring, what kinds of behavior?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Short deployments had negative consequences, contrary to expectations."} +{"dialogue":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The states are considering new strategies to reduce prison population and save money for other budget priorities."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you. Good to be here.","Let's start with that refugee situation in Jordan. The current foreign minister says the country is being strained. There are reports that the fleeing is expected to continue. Do you expect Jordan will eventually have to close the border?","I don't think Jordan will close the border. Jordan has been in such a situation before, if you remember during the first Gulf crisis and then the second one where large numbers of Iraqis, third country nationals came to Jordan, fleeing the conflict. And as a general policy, Jordan has never closed its borders. That does not mean that it is not being tasked by these large number of refugees, but I don't think and I don't expect the borders to be closed.","And that issue of strain then, how badly are Jordan's resources being tasked?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Jordan is unlikely to close its borders to refugees despite the strain on its resources."} +{"dialogue":["It's a pleasure to be here. And I'm one of many people who are running the Dog Aging Project.","What do you folks hope to learn?","We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) - So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life? - Implied Meaning: Is there more to aging in dogs than just a general estimate of one year to seven years?"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He is a guy that sees positive outcomes in times of trouble. He has the ability to not think about the impact some lawsuits have."} +{"dialogue":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S. law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries"} +{"dialogue":["Well, the committee report - it's not unexpected - but the draft reports thus far says that the impeachment committee believes Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich has abused his power. Quoting from the report, \"The citizens of this state must have confidence that the governor will faithfully serve the people and put their interests before his own. It is with profound regret that the committee finds that our current governor has not done so. \"","It's quite voluminous. It's 60 pages or so of documentation of things beyond just what the federal prosecutor in Chicago has alleged that the governor has done, many reasons to impeach him beyond just the alleged criminal activity that he has been arrested and charged with.","Now, is there a rush to do this before - to possibly impeach the governor before Mr. Burris would be seated as the junior senator from Illinois?","The report is drafted without Burris' testimony. To consider, they would add it to it, I suppose, if he says something remarkable this afternoon. But they seemed to feel that they have enough evidence to move forward with the impeachment. The rush is really to just get him out of office before they have to grapple with a huge budget deficit here in the state of Illinois. The relationship between the Legislature and the governor has been dysfunctional for quite some time, and it's only gotten worse since his arrest last month."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The governor has abused his power according to the impeachment committee, which is not surprising given the current situation."} +{"dialogue":["When you marinate after grilling, you actually make a marinade that doesn't touch any of the raw fish or meat.","Got it. OK. What about people who don't eat meat?There are a lot of people who really are trying to move more toward a plant-based diet. How do you manage that on the grill if you have limited grill space?Because, I mean, it depends on why you're not eating meat. I mean, if you're not eating meat because you have strong ideological reasons, you don't necessarily want that touching. How could you manage that?And what are some things that you should consider for the non-meat eaters?","Yeah. I love grilled vegetables. I love eating vegetarian meals. I'm not super-strict about if meat's been on the grill to then make something with vegetables. But some people don't want them maybe cooking at the same time, where they might touch or come into contact that way. So I would say one of the preparations I really love for summer are grilled salads. So this is like a grilled spin on your classic salads.","And on Bon Appetit, we have a recipe for grilled lettuces with creme fraiche and avocado, which is a spin on, like, a ranch dressing. We have a grilled cob, where some of the elements of the salad get grilled and then tossed together with the other stuff. There is a grilled bread salad, which is kind of like a riff on a Panzanella, a bread salad where you combine it with some grilled vegetables."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Marinating after grilling doesn't involve the cooked meat\/fish"} +{"dialogue":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : This is a figurative expression that describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo."} +{"dialogue":["Well, how did they react to you as a person?I mean, you're a glamorous Los Angelina, and so what did they think when you showed up?","I think that it's interesting, because I was in a program called Cross-cultural Solutions, where they send volunteers to different areas. I was the first African-American that had been at this school. So I think they were confused. I mean, and these people in the town, they were just like are you from Ghana?Or are you Yabo(ph)?Yabo is a foreigner, and most likely, more than usually, a white foreigner. But I had a couple of people call me Yabo.","But they would sort of ask like where are you from, and one of the program's administrators would have to explain, she's an ancestor of Africans, and then they would say, oh, okay. So it was definitely some confusing sort of looks that I got.","But the kids were - you know, kids are very, you know, easy to sort of get along with. These kids were, you know, absolutely adorable. They didn't understand what I was saying a lot of the time, but they really connected to me. I mean, I would bring bubbles and jumping ropes and stuff like that, stuff that they had never seen before. So, you know, I was quite popular at the school, I have to say. I mean, particularly with my bubbles, that brought even the junior-high-school kids out\u2026","Oh, I'm sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person being referred to was well-liked by the school kids for bringing unique items."} +{"dialogue":["And now to the Midwest, where heavy rainfall has made growing conditions tough for farmers. One crop in particular - corn - has been hit hard. According to the Department of Agriculture, this is the slowest start to the corn-planting season on record. To hear more about this, we've called Matt Boucher. He's a fourth generation farmer from Dwight, Ill. , where he grows corn as well as soybeans, wheat and cover crops. And in fact, we caught him out in the field, where he's trying to plant. Matt, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thanks for having us. Appreciate it.","Well, walk me through the season. What would normally have happened by now, and what has actually happened now?","Well, we're normally completed now. We're moving on to fertilizing corn and maintaining the weed pressures, you know, keeping the weeds out of the field. But right now it's just not the case. We're still planting and trying to get things in and might have some acres we're just not going to be able to get in, no matter what we do.","And why is that?It's just that the ground's been too wet or what?Why is that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The corn planting season has been slow due to heavy rainfall."} +{"dialogue":["Who happens to be black.","You know.","And happens to be benched right now.","Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person being black is relevant to the conversation"} +{"dialogue":["There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing.","So what does this campaign amount to then besides words?","Well, they're trying to put economic pressure on Britain. And I think actually the British are a little bit worried about it. They are stopping cruise ships that come from the Falklands, not allowing them to dock in Argentina. They are pressuring the Chileans to cut off the one air link between Chile and the Falkland Islands. They are calling on Argentine manufacturers to cut down on the import of British goods. And I think the worry is that they will make this into a regional campaign, that they will try and persuade the Brazilians, the Peruvians and others to start putting economic pressure on Britain as well.","And the rallying cry of anti-colonialism has a lot of residents in South America."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.","So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .","Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .","I'm sorry for that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Discussing the use of condoms during sexual relations in the book."} +{"dialogue":["There are some good ones. And they seem - there are many videos of crazy ants invading electrical boxes almost to the point where it seems like there's some attraction. What is going on here?","Well, it's definitely a point where people come into contact with them a lot because when your power goes out and you want to know why, you find a bunch of ants, that's a good reason to get your video camera.","Their boxes - power boxes are basically really good cavities. So these ants nest in pre-existing cavities. They don't - they do a small amount of digging but they exploit whatever cavities they can find. So that's a reason that they move into electrical boxes and pump switch - switches.","But once they get electrocuted, if you - when I've been collecting these ants in the past, you'll collect them into a vial, and they're all very agitated inside the vial. And they're - when they're agitated, they release something called an alarm pheromone, which is a signal that they used - chemical that they use to communicate with other ants if there's a threat."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There are videos of ants moving about rapidly and randomly."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. That - yeah.","OK. I mean, this is the kind of thing that's kind - it just amazes me that we didn't know the answer to this. But apparently there was, you know, a study about a hundred years ago, and some people thought that maybe there was an oil on the legs of the spiders. And then other people didn't believe that and thought that the spiders just avoid the sticky parts of the web because it does - it turns out that not the whole web is sticky. I didn't know that, but just the spiral part is the only sticky part of the orb web. The structural lines. . .","So the spokes are not sticky.","The spokes - right, not sticky."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : none"} +{"dialogue":["I don't even know what to say.","Have you - make sure you've eaten your lunch or your breakfast.","It might be - it's going to be the grossest video you've probably seen all week. But you should still watch it because it's fascinating.","You know how to sell it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The video is gross, but still interesting enough to watch."} +{"dialogue":["Well, self-employed people are often other people's discretionary spending. In other words, if I'm cutting back, and I had a trainer who was coming to my house three times a week, maybe now she's coming in twice or once. That hits her bottom line. So we know that, essentially, self-employed people, if they're discretionary spending, are going to be on the front line.","The message for them is to diversify your portfolio to make sure that now, if you're counting on one person, let's get three lined up. Let's be more flexible. Let's deal with issues about how you might provide different kinds of payment schedules and other kinds of things.","But self-employed people, whether they're personal services, which we've just talked about, whether they're business services, the people who do the graphics artwork, who do the editing and other things, they're going to have to dance on a dime. Because, basically, when people start cutting budgets they're the easiest ones to cut.","Now if you're self-employed - and there are many people who have started, you know, any number of businesses - if you're self-employed, either like you said, doing personal services or running a small business with other employees who work for you, what can you do to sure yourself up financially?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Self-employed people are vulnerable to budget cuts of their clients"} +{"dialogue":["Right.",". . . not to filibuster. If they do that, then something could pass the Senate in the next couple of days and be ready for the House to take it up on Sunday night. If the House were to then approve it - and that's a huge if, OK?","Yeah.","This is the cliff in the fiscal cliff. Thus far the House hasn't agreed to anything. Last week they wouldn't even agree to a plan from their own speaker that was only going to raise taxes on income above $1 million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The House is not willing to compromise, even on their own plan."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, there's a sea lion. See its nose coming up right there?","Oh, yeah.","That sea lion's got the same mission we do. We're both looking for salmon. But first, we need that ice to chill the catch.","It gets sprayed down from the dock in a giant tube, enough for two big coolers."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The sea lion is searching for food in the same way that we are, so it can be seen as a symbol of perseverance and determination."} +{"dialogue":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The airstrikes are hitting civilians and causing harm"} +{"dialogue":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : don'ts refers to unacceptable behavior and activities "} +{"dialogue":["Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.","We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?","Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.","But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company is controversial"} +{"dialogue":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The war on drugs has resulted in the implementation of harsh sentencing practices."} +{"dialogue":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr. Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open air and water involves not only helping them cope with changes in their environment, but also teaching them how to be mobile and transport themselves."} +{"dialogue":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. Scrapping the car czar. President Obama has chosen not to appoint one person to oversee the restructuring of the troubled auto industry. For more on why the president is switching gears we're joined now by Justin Hyde of the Detroit Free Press. And Justin, why did President Obama decide to get rid of this car czar position?","Well, it's becoming clear that the auto industry is probably going to have too many problems for just one person to handle. GM and Chrysler are going to be submitting plans to the administration tomorrow to explain how they deserve the 17. 4 billion that the government has lent them and whether they might be able to receive even more aid in the future.","The Obama administration has several very tough questions to answer about the future of this industry and hundreds of thousands of jobs that are tied into it. It's just going to take more work than one person can give.","So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Getting rid of the person that was chosen to lead a committee regarding the automobile industry. The president is changing is mind on this and Justin Hyde can tell us why."} +{"dialogue":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Did you ever consider dedicating your life to a religious "} +{"dialogue":["Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.","Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.","Sylvia, thanks very much.","Thank you, Renee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Populists' vision of the past could destabilize the EU"} +{"dialogue":["Well, generally speaking, you're going to have 100,000 dollars insurance in most financial institutions. There are a very a few uninsured institutions. I believe there are credit unions that are privately insured, but they're rare as hen's teeth. By and large, it doesn't matter. As long as you stay under the 100,000 dollar limit, I think you'll be fine.","I'd be curious to see what Goldman's teller window looks like and whether they give away toasters, but I somehow think it will be a little different from the corner bank.","When the government says, for example, that it has moved to secure mutual funds and people need not worry about their money, how can the average person have confidence in that right now?","Well, to be specific, they're really only backing money market mutual funds. And even more specifically, I believe that some of those have to - the ones that do have to pay into the fund that insures it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : it represents the person is very enthusiastic and interested to be engaged in doing it"} +{"dialogue":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The implementation of a residential law for policemen and an independent civilian complaint review board would decrease police brutality."} +{"dialogue":["Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.","And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.","And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?","Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.","And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : El Reno is a town that is well-practiced in dealing with severe weather and natural disasters."} +{"dialogue":["Is there a way to balance - to better balance interest in public safety, the rights of defendants and also the public's interest in not burdening people with so much debt that they can't function?","The problem with approaches like this private pre-trial supervision is that they not only fail on a sort of, you know, human, moral level when you look at the impact that they're having on poor people, they also really are failing on a public safety level. They're failing in terms of outcomes. There's really nothing that suggests to us that our current approach of investing in this kind of surveillance and caging black and brown people is actually resulting in better public safety outcomes.","That's Blake Strode. He's the executive director of ArchCity Defenders. That's a nonprofit civil rights law firm in St. Louis, Mo. Blake Strode, thank you so much for talking with us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The current approach of investing in pre-trial supervision is immoral, discriminatory and doesn't result in better public safety outcomes"} +{"dialogue":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Obama administration has made efforts to combat climate change"} +{"dialogue":["So this prosecution brings together a lot of theories that are very sexist that would justify massive control of pregnant women on grounds that they owe a duty to their fetuses to behave in certain ways and that - and ultimately make pregnant people vulnerable to prosecution for just about any kind of conduct that can be deemed risky.","Marshae Jones is African American. What is the relevance of race in your view?","Racism is what caused the notion that using drugs during pregnancy, which is a health problem, could be turned into a crime to prosecute pregnant women and mothers. We can trace that to the so-called crack epidemic at the end of the 1980s, early 1990s. And the first women who were prosecuted were black women who smoked crack cocaine during pregnancy.","And the vast majority of women who were prosecuted among hundreds of women were black women, even though there is evidence that drug use during pregnancy is not more likely to happen in any particular racial group or economic group. And so this was clear targeting of black women, which I believe is part of a long history of devaluing black motherhood in particular and also a result of discriminatory behavior in hospitals, where hospitals were much more likely to turn in black patients for using drugs during pregnancy than white patients."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The prosecution's theories are sexist and target pregnant women, particularly black women"} +{"dialogue":["So I - you either roll your eyes or you laugh at what politicians will do in support of their most fundamental instincts, which as I said is to preserve their own political viability.","It strikes me as not being all that different from what the Chinese badminton team did to try to get a better opponents in the next round.","Well, except there's one difference, right?The badminton team got thrown out of the Olympics. And in this one, if it works, you get elected to the U. S. Senate.","It's also interesting, Senator McCaskill has said previously she's going to be much too busy campaigning to go to the Democratic National Convention to be photographed, presumably, with President Obama. She doesn't want to do that. I would think, now, congressman Akin may find himself much too busy to go to Tampa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Then they changed the topic to President Obama"} +{"dialogue":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is a risk of a catastrophic situation if a full war breaks out in the area with civilians"} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.","Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.","It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.","That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : She claimed someone was obtaining illegal access to her Instagram account."} +{"dialogue":["The Census Bureau has been examining that very vigorously. What tends to be a common result is if you use data from retail, you tend to under enumerate those who aren't connected economically. That tends to be poorer people, transient people, children - precisely those that are hard to enumerate in general.","So the world of the future I think we all think is some complicated blend of these organic digital sources with traditional methods. You can't use one or the other. We need to use both. And some of the innovation proposed for the 2020 census actually involves trying to use those data wisely when we can.","Robert Groves - he oversaw the 2010 census and is currently the provost of Georgetown University. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","It was wonderful talking to you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) is a polite way of thanking Robert Groves for joining the show"} +{"dialogue":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) Grill: to question someone intensively and aggressively."} +{"dialogue":["The hallways may be quiet on both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue, but still plenty of noise coming from your Congress and the president. Here to help us cut through the chatter, NPR senior Washington editor and correspondent Ron Elving. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Why is a member of Congress from Michigan front-page news in Israel?","It's front-page news there because our president wants it on the front page back here in the U. S. But let's step back just for a moment. Congress has two new members who are Muslim women and who are outspoken in their support of Palestinians. The president has made them a major target of his Twitter feed. And one of them is Rashida Tlaib from Michigan. She was born in the U. S. but still has family on the West Bank. She and her colleague Ilhan Omar from Minnesota were going to go to Israel until earlier this week when Israel decided to ban them because of their support for a boycott on Israel.","Now, that decision came right after a tweet from President Trump saying Israel looked weak if it let these two women into their country. And then a day later, the Israelis relented, saying they would let Congresswoman Tlaib visit her grandmother so long as she didn't talk boycotts. And then the congresswoman said she wouldn't go to Israel if she was going to be muzzled. And, of course, the whole business has left a bad taste in many mouths, including those of supporters of Israel in the U. S. and supporters of the U. S. in Israel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment. "} +{"dialogue":["Let's talk for a second about the geopolitics of the region. The Sinai Peninsula is a giant desert. It borders Israel. And that is where Islamic militants have focused many of their recent attacks, but this is a change.","Yes. Thus far, they have been focused primarily on the police and the military in what they claim is a social justice war, so to speak. They're opposing the regime, claiming it's illegitimate and that they want to essentially become the new rulers of Egypt with they're very warped and skewed interpretation of Islam.","Now, that's not to say that civilians have not been killed in the process. And, in fact, if you're suspected of being a cooperator with the Egyptian state, they - ISIS will behead you in a very grotesque way to set an example. However, this is the first time that we've seen them go after a mosque in this way. Now, they have gone after churches and - because part of their kind of terroristic agenda is to kill anyone that they believe is not worthy of living in this Islamic state that they seek to create. And Christians have been common targets. But for them to go after Muslims is quite unprecedented.","This is a Sufi mosque, a mystical form of Islam. Would that have been a factor?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The ISIS terrorist attack in Egypt is now on both Christians who were their initial target to their fellow Muslims."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?","Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.","So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The federal government has not provided a bailout for the auto industry in Detroit and people are scared and angry about the potential consequences of this."} +{"dialogue":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Emmanuel Jal was willing to join the army, because he wanted revenge for the people who caused harm to his home and family. "} +{"dialogue":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : MIT concealed their financial ties with Jeffrey Epstein."} +{"dialogue":["So to set the stage for this, the Democrat at the head of the House Intelligence Committee says that Joseph Maguire - now, he's the acting director of national intelligence - says that he's been instructed by a higher authority to not turn over the complaint. In your view, is that valid?","Well, under the statute, it is not. But the question then becomes, what is the proper role of the IG?And is the IG simply a free agent within the executive branch of the government, responsible to no one?- which would be a strange situation.","So what I'm telling you, Audie, is that this issue, if pushed to the limit - which it looks like it's going to be - raises the question of whether the - there's a separation of powers issue here. The IG has to be something other than a free agent. He was put in place under a statute designed to assist the Congress in its oversight role, but he's not a congressional employee. He's not a congressional - he's not a legislative employee.","But he is a watchdog, no?And should that. . .","He's a watchdog."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them."} +{"dialogue":["Committee will come to order.","Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff was the one swinging that gavel and overseeing the hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire. Chairman Schiff, welcome back to the program.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","Let me first ask you about one big revelation in the whistleblower complaint, which is that after President Trump asked Ukraine's president to look into the Biden family, the White House locked down all records of the call, putting them into a separate electronic system to handle especially sensitive classified information. Have you ever heard of a White House doing something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The complaint was about someone that exposed something being done illegally by another person or group."} +{"dialogue":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S. back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S. companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S. intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S. and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Trump administration is tightening restrictions on Huawei because of its links to the Chinese government."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.","They have the ultimate solar panels.","That's totally right.","They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Sunflowers have the ability to move with the sun."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter) Absolutely, it does.","All right.","So I mean, I followed up on this trip with sort of other road trips - you know, road trips hitting major cities in the U. S. , road trips hitting major sites in Europe. I've also started using it when you're walking around a city as a tourist and trying to hit all the hotspots there. And also, actually last month, I used a very similar algorithm, strangely enough, to solve the \"Where's Waldo\" children's book as well.","What do you mean you solved \"Where's Waldo?\""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Using the algorithm to find Waldo in a Where's Waldo book."} +{"dialogue":["We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done.","We want the life science community to work with the government about how to self-regulate. In other words, what kind of protocols can we use so that we can keep track of high containment labs better. And then, we say we need to emphasize Pakistan. Now, it's funny that this report is coming out now because we saw in the course of this that Pakistan is an epicenter for all of these risks that we're talking about.","Jim Talent, former senator from Missouri, thank you.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Let's get the job done by implementing the internal changes recommended by Congress and other commissions. (Line 1)"} +{"dialogue":["What about beyond the environment?- because your platform goes well beyond just issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of climate. What else do you stand for?","Well, having a clear attitude against racism through our diversity, not flirting with populist parties but confronting them. This is something that the Greens have been always good in. And I think that resonates with the population. And also, the Green Party has always been most pro-European party, longing for United States of Europe as a vision."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Green Party is against racism, doesn't support populist parties, and supports a united Europe."} +{"dialogue":["Great to be here as well.","So let's start with the most recent news. This past Friday, the Supreme Court agreed to hear an abortion case out of Louisiana. Can you just briefly explain the central issue in the case and why this is so significant?","Louisiana had passed a statute that required doctors to have admitting privileges before they could perform abortions. And that would result in virtually no abortion facilities in the state. It's similar to what Texas attempted to do several years ago, and the Supreme Court struck down that law in 2016. But this time, the federal appeals court for Louisiana has upheld the law, and the court was sort of forced to take the case.","The question I think for people who both support abortion rights and expansive abortion rights and those who oppose them is whether the court will turn over the precedent set in Roe v. Wade. Is this case a case that could do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications for border towns and people's livelihoods."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Lulu.","So it seems a little strange to be talking about why something doesn't matter, but here we are, saying President Trump's budget - which is being released tomorrow - suddenly isn't that important. How did that happen?","Presidents' budgets are always political documents. They're not a piece of legislation, but they do express the president's priorities. And, of course, the cliche is to say that the president's budget is dead on arrival on Capitol Hill. This one is probably dead as a doornail. And the reason is that Republicans and Democrats just passed a massive, two-year spending bill, which raises the caps for domestic and defense spending. And the White House was mostly a bystander in those negotiations. So what the president says in his budget tomorrow will not affect spending very much. Congress probably won't be passing a 2019 budget resolution. The bottom line is, in this instance, Congress seems to be ignoring the president.","Oh, OK. But when the budget comes out tomorrow, the spotlight will probably turn to White House budget director Mick Mulvaney, right?He was famously hawkish on the deficit when he was in Congress. What will he have to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The president's budget is not taken seriously by Congress and has little effect on spending."} +{"dialogue":["I'm just over the line. I'm near Heartbreak Hill, actually, and was out on the root of the race earlier today. But no, I'm - it would be very, very difficult to get down near the finish line on any marathon day at this hour.","And certainly at this point not safe to go anywhere near the Boston Marathon, and I assumed it's advisable that if you are in Boston you stay well away from the scene. Tell me about what kind of things you're seeing or what kind of reports you're seeing about the site itself, what it looks like.","The site itself looks like - I mean there is grey smoke on - these are just the images that are coming out of the area now. (Technical difficulties) been wall-to-wall people just an hour ago is now basically emptied out except for authorities. The place - the streets are littered with signs meant to be cheering on runners, water bottles and so on, and seems to be covered in a kind of grey dust. And we saw the windows on storefronts completely shuttered out, sidewalk stained with blood. From reports - eyewitnesses down there anyway, reporting, it seems that there were some very, very injuries.","I've been watching. They've been replaying on the television networks over and over at least one image - a video image of at least one of the explosions and they don't seem to show the next one. Do we know how far apart they were - a matter of seconds, was it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is difficult to get near the finish line during a marathon day."} +{"dialogue":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The President's focus has been on himself, rather than hurricane relief efforts. The meeting with Kanye West was unexpected and inappropriate during a crisis"} +{"dialogue":["Well, no, I don't think so, but it's really not just about resignations. What people really want to see is a change of the system, not just a personnel change. But what we know is that even if we magically fixed Ferguson overnight, it would be an island of justice in a sea of injustice.","At the same time, Mr. French, how do you keep the public safe?How do you get anyone to become a good police officer if they're getting - if they feel they might be shot by the citizens?","You're absolutely right. I mean, the tragic thing here - and this is the crisis that we find ourselves in in St. Louis - is that communities need police; especially communities with high crime, like many of our communities do have it in St. Louis. We need police. And an order for police to be effective they need the trust of the community. And so what I feel like is we have not acted quick enough. That in fact we had an opportunity over this fall and winter to do a lot of this hard work before we get into what is traditionally the high crime times of spring and summer. And it's been warm here for a couple of days and we've already seen a very high spike in crime, including the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy. So we've got a lot of work to do and we need to get to the business of doing it very quickly.","How has the protest movement changed - maybe in terms of what its objectives are - and are there different factions now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Has the protest movement changed it's goals and are there different groups involved now?"} +{"dialogue":["Well, we've seen - it's become more difficult under the Trump administration for members of the military to get citizenship. It's been more difficult for them to get paperwork filed for their family members. It's more difficult for them to prevent the deportation of their family members.","Well, how are they making it more difficult?What examples do you have?","During the Obama administration, Janet Napolitano had created a program called basic training naturalization. It allowed the troops to get their citizenship really quickly. And the Trump administration has eliminated that program. They've also made it harder for the troops to file applications for citizenship. And it's taking much longer for them to make a decision on those applications. Recently they also announced they were going to close some of the international USCIS offices that process people for citizenship overseas, which will make it even more difficult for military members.","Now, I understand that you were one of the people who started a program to recruit people who aren't U. S. citizens into the U. S. military. That program was known as MAVNI - Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest. The program has effectively been suspended - right?- but it already started slowing down during the Obama administration. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Military members are facing challenges getting citizenship under Trump administration"} +{"dialogue":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S. in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Proclamations are rare and have a royal tone but have the same effect as an executive order"} +{"dialogue":["That's a harsh statement. I mean, you know, some of us were expecting - I mean because this is a very delicate matter for Barack Obama. On the one hand he wants to keep those civil rights establishment figures behind him, supporting him throughout this general election period, but at the same time he knows well that if he can create a little bit of distance with Jesse Jackson, he may be able to pull on more moderate Democrats, white and black, and maybe even some moderate Republicans.","But Jesse Jackson, Jr. seems to have taken the lead and seems particularly angry and personally offended by what his father had done. And it suggests that the relationship there is somewhat fractured as well.","Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Obama needs to balance his support from civil rights figures and moderate Democrats and Republicans"} +{"dialogue":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Working on a space mission is a fulfilling experience"} +{"dialogue":["Well, we approach this as sort of a three-front challenge. We changed policy in this state last year. Seven bills were passed that give us more control over prescribing. It gives law enforcement more authority over pills coming into the state. This litigation is going to give us money to deal with the epidemic. And lastly, when we identify prescribers who are being reckless with their patients. . .","OK.",". . . Or running pill mills, we're prosecuting them.","All right. That's Oklahoma State Attorney General Mike Hunter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers."} +{"dialogue":["Correct.","And is there a difference in spider silk as opposed to the silkworm silk?","There are many similarities between the two, as a family of proteins. There are also some distinct differences. There are many different kinds of both spider silks and silkworm silks. The silk we use for this particular study is really based on a purified version of what's present in the textile world, and we choose that because the infrastructure is there, the supplies are there to really utilize this in a widespread application like vaccine distribution that we're talking about.","So you could use it for more than just vaccines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There are other potential uses for the silk beyond vaccine distribution."} +{"dialogue":["I'm bullish on it. It's a big change. We're working through all the challenges. One challenge is for creators. They use Instagram to make a living. Likes are a sign of how relevant they are, so we have to figure out some way to make sure we preserve that.","You're talking about influencers. Right?I mean, there are people who now essentially make a living off of their social media presence. And the way they show potential advertisers - look, I'm a good bet - is how many likes I get.","Absolutely. We've actually had a pretty mixed response from influencers. So I think - I'm optimistic to answer your question very directly. We aren't there yet. We're still iterating on the experience. But I am personally optimistic and really personally invested in making it work.","So the boss is bullish. (Laughter) That's the take so far."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person refuses to change their mind on what they think about the situation."} +{"dialogue":["They thought he was a clown. They didn't think he was serious. There's obviously a lot of history because he owned the USFL's New Jersey Generals. But no, I mean, I think between the league looking at his books or wanting to look at his books and people seeing the way Trump has operated over the years, I think many of these people or most of these people wanted no part of doing business with him.","This book, I think it's fair to say, begins with your adoration for Tom Brady. And the. . .","It doesn't begin with it, but yes, it is definitely a part of it. I have to be transparent about my. . .","Oh, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person"} +{"dialogue":["And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.","You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.","Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.","And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Military families are a significant source of income."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, there is evidence that companies invest more when stock prices go up. But yeah, like you said, it's not necessarily on hiring. They might spend on equipment, factories, technology. And some of that could mean fewer jobs. You know, some of that technology makes things more efficient. The bottom line is it's not an easy cause and effect.","In the recovery from the recession, stocks went up, jobs didn't go up nearly as quickly. And sometimes, a company's stock price goes up after it lays people off. Investors say, oh, you're saving money. You're cutting spending. Good for you. In other words, it's not very simple. The stock market is a broad economic indicator, but it is not at all nuanced.","Danielle Kurtzleben. Thanks so much for being with us.","Sure. You bet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The stock market is not reliable to determine whether companies will create more jobs or not."} +{"dialogue":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S. Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S. public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S. does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The other journalists are fascinated by the reason behind the interest in the candidate Senator Obama."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, race is all throughout this conversation in the way people think about it and who the actual players are literally in this case. So Shaun Harper, who is a scholar on diversity in higher education at USC, said that, you know, many of the schools in the Power Five were either officially or effectively segregated for most of their histories. And that has really tangible consequences for the way campus life looks. And so these are conceived as white spaces. Their fan bases are white. Their alumni bases are white. Their cultural spaces are white. And so black students will be players in football and basketball. They'll be on the court and the field but they won't be in the stands.","So you're saying black people will be players. What do those demographics look like?","So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -","Only?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The schools in the Power Five are predominantly white spaces."} +{"dialogue":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The staycation trend was not as popular as predicted"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Southern California has a lot of faults and is at high risk for earthquakes."} +{"dialogue":["O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.","Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?","That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.","And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The background checks will be of anyone and everyone that buys a gun in the country."} +{"dialogue":["We're going to talk through this now with Jamil Jaffer. He was a lawyer in the White House under President George W. Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us now. Welcome back.","Thanks, Lulu. Good to be here.","All right. We have the Democratic memo. What have you learned from reading it?","Well, look. I think that what we've learned is there's a real debate here between the two sides about the substance of this application on Carter Page, the FISA application and the three renewals. And, you know, what was going on here?According to the Republican memo, it was a highly slanted investigation. Information from this dossier, which has largely been discredited now, was used to obtain the surveillance.","And for the Democrats, you see a response that says, no, in fact, there were lots of sources of information. The memo was but one source and that this was a long, ongoing investigation long before they even heard about the memo. And we ought not believe the Republicans' claims. And so we have a very clear now debate. The American people can read both memos and have a honest discussion about, you know, who has the right of this here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Republican memo was biased and used unreliable information."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Mr. Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute: Implied Meaning: He's expecting a solution to be found shortly before the deadline."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Protests involving civil disobedience had a significant impact on the politics and police department of New York."} +{"dialogue":["Qatar would like to improve its relationship with the U. S. government, which has supported a Saudi-led economic blockade of the small Persian Gulf power. Qatar didn't just hire well-known K Street lobbyists and powerbrokers. It targeted people they believe President Trump listens to - a radio broadcaster, a real estate developer, a commentator and former presidential candidate - and gave them all-expense paid trips to Qatar and, usually, a consulting fee. Qatar's regime believed if it could win over people that President Trump listens to, he might change his mind. Now, that's according to a news story published in The Wall Street Journal by Julie Bykowicz, who joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you.","Tell us how this is done. You begin the story by talking about Alan Dershowitz, whose name doesn't usually come up when you're talking about Qatar.","Sure. He's not an elected official. He's not in the administration. But what Mr. Dershowitz does bring to the table, at this point, that lobbyists have identified is President Trump really likes this guy. And so other lobbyists have picked up on this, and the two gentlemen that I interviewed for this Qatar story said they identified him as someone that could potentially be influential. What Alan Dershowitz is thinking, perhaps President Trump would begin thinking as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Qatar believes that by winning over people that President Trump listens to, he might change his mind on supporting the Saudi-led economic blockade of Qatar."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The National Enquirer may be bought for non-serious purposes or by someone who wants to shut it down."} +{"dialogue":["If you're a minority professional and you grow up understanding that there will be expectations placed upon you that you have to overcome, the reality of it is, if you go into this thinking you can just be good you'll end up with a mediocre career. And so \"Good is Not Enough\" is really just a sounding call to minority professionals saying, hey, you know, we can be players at this level but we can't just play good, we have to excel.","Let's break down a few of the things you say matter. One is networking. Why so important?","Networking is so important because in this day and age a lot of the jobs, a lot of the opportunities that will come your way will not be through Monster, will not be through the want ads, it will be through networking. And so from a career perspective the opportunities will come your way from networking, but more importantly networking is a great opportunity to learn from others who have been down the road that you're trying to go. For example, if, I met a company right now - I'm at Pitney Bowes, and I love being there - but if I were to look at an opportunity at IBM, if I had a network that includes someone at IBM, I could actually call and get a better idea of what it is I'm stepping into, because corporate culture is just critical.","But how do you find someone who is a peer or a mentor at another company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Good is not enough for minority professionals to excel, they need to overcome expectations placed on them"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?","I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .","Flooded the engine, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The boat had engine trouble and flooded due to a group of Delta commandos shuffling to the back"} +{"dialogue":["Well, we got some comments about a story we did on a reported drop of media coverage on the war in Iraq. Charles Durn(ph) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania wrote us this. I am amazed how the various reasons given for the reduced coverage skip the obvious. One of your guests said that coverage switched off the same week General Petraeus said the surge was working. The obvious reason is the press is not interested in success in Iraq, especially if it made Bush look good.","Caroline Madelle Bennett(ph) in Rochester, New York praised us for a guest on that same segment. I don't care for much of what NPR puts on anymore, but I want you to know that I appreciate your having Laura Flanders on this evening. She's one of the intelligent voices of which there are so few on radio, in broadcast news, commentary and analysis.","We got a couple of comments on the monthly series on jazz that we're doing. Last week, we talked about how radio stations were dropping jazz from their programming lineups. Melinda Kennedy, who listens on WMUE FM noted this. It's not the music that keeps me from listening, but the radio personalities that host the shows.","And Don Nickels(ph) from Wildwood, Missouri chimed in, jazz has not suffered. Most of the greats are gone, but other than that it is the same as it's been for decades. It is a black genre and has never made it out of that community. Should it have more exposure on the radio?Maybe. But if no one is listening, who will pay?Welcome to what makes the world go round. It's called capitalism."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The press is biased and not interested in reporting positive news about Iraq."} +{"dialogue":["Mr. O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.","Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.","We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.","David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed."} +{"dialogue":["They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?","In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T. I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.","Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?","Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)"} +{"dialogue":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : John Trinkaus studies seemingly mundane things, but they can reveal significant patterns."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N. Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Many victims of sexual assault in Kenya are not seeking help or reporting the crimes."} +{"dialogue":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The catcher's toughness is highly valued and they have a crucial role in the team's success."} +{"dialogue":["No, he won't be voted on by the entire board, under our system, and I'd be telling you more internal NAACP organizational matters than anyone needs to know. The CEO works for the executive committee, and the executive committee needs to approve his contract, which I'm confident will happen. And when that's done, it's done.","You have been a very strong leader of the NAACP, from the position of chairman of the board. There have been some incredible chairmen - and women, including Myrlie Evers-Williams. But is this organization prepared to have a strong president?You are arguably still, at this point, you know, beyond arguably, the most powerful person at the NAACP, are you ready to split the seat?","I'm ready for Ben Jealous to come on board, and, you know, we have had only, I think, 17 people in this job, over the 99 years we've been in existence - four have been white, several have been women, they come from a variety of backgrounds and professions, but I'm looking forward to Ben Jealous. I think he is going to be among the strongest we've ever had, and may turn out to be the strongest we have ever had.","Give me a moment that you think typifies the direction that the NAACP is going. And what I mean is a personal moment, where you really felt, I'm doing the right thing, for the right reasons."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The CEO's contract will be approved by the executive committee, not the entire board."} +{"dialogue":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Other airlines have too much financial strain to be able to invest in fuel hedging."} +{"dialogue":["In the fall of 2017, Bowe Bergdahl was dishonorably discharged from the U. S. Army for deserting his post in Afghanistan years earlier. His rank was reduced. He had to pay a fine, but he did avoid prison time. And on the day Bergdahl was sentenced, President Trump tweeted that his sentence was a, quote, \"complete and total disgrace. \"This wasn't the first time Trump had weighed in on the case. On the campaign trail, he had called Bergdahl a dirty, rotten traitor and said he should be executed for deserting.","Now, this week, a panel of military judges ruled that Trump's comments were evidence of what's called unlawful command influence. That's when someone higher up on the chain of command tries to influence the outcome of a military trial. Here to further explain unlawful command influence is Stephen Vladeck. He teaches military justice at the University of Texas School of Law. Welcome.","Thanks for having me.","So I should first mention that while these military judges did find evidence of unlawful command influence, they still declined to change Bergdahl's sentence in any way. Bergdahl still lost his appeal. That said, what were the specific comments from Trump that these judges took issue with?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Trump's tweet was an attempt to influence the outcome of the military trial"} +{"dialogue":["And this email from Daryl: I used to be a student of Vernor Vinge, a wonderful professor. I'm legally blind. He writes, I'm wondering, how would this work with those individuals?We do have iPhone apps that can give turn-by-turn navigation, but all those other features of Google glasses would not be present.","Sort of two possibilities there: One, is the sort of thing that I was talking about, learning to use the devices that you have and that you are wearing. That depends on the plasticity of the human brain. We're quite capable of learning new tricks and cooperating with the devices that we have to get results that we may be barred from getting in other ways. The other approach to this sort of thing is to actually look at where the blindness happens. If the blindness happens within the eyes, then you want to just go a little bit upstream from that and see whether the neurons behind that are still capable of responding to stimulus and then figuring out how to stimulate them directly without the light.","If that's gone, then you're talking about something, perhaps, much harder, which is to go upstream from that and look at the beginning of neuron interpretation of sight that's happening within the brain and actually making your input at that level.","Have you signed up for Google glasses yet?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : none"} +{"dialogue":["So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.","So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .","Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .","I'm sorry for that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Incorporating a superhero with HIV in real life situations to raise awareness of the disease."} +{"dialogue":["And let's talk about the rivals themselves once they were in the Cabinet. You wrote about this this week in the Los Angeles Times in an op-ed. And you noted that, two years into Lincoln's administration, there was a full-blown crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet. What was that about?","Well, we reached this point in the middle of the war - it's December 1862 - when Lincoln actually says to one of his closest friends, we are now on the brink of destruction. And he was talking about a Cabinet crisis that was the result of this friction between these rivals. There was backbiting and intrigue, and it was ugly. Lincoln survived it, and that's why we tend to forget how ugly it was. But, you know, in the first two years of the conflict, the president is really struggling to manage these balky rivals.","And they're unable to, what, subsume their own egos to that of the president's?","You know, in retrospect, I think Doris Kearns Goodwin, you know, has a lot of wisdom when she says Lincoln had great personal strength to reach out to his rivals. But at the time, it was considered tremendous weakness and therefore, people in Washington at the beginning of the administration thought he was weak, and they tried to take advantage of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Cabinet crisis was very serious and ugly."} +{"dialogue":["Very much this was an aftershock to the departure of Steve Bannon, who was the president's chief strategist. He's the guy who brought Seb Gorka in. Gorka was not a household name, at least not in most households. And he was part of the contingent in the White House associated with this America first attitude, a kind of ultra-nationalism. And that faction, at this point, is down. But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.","More missiles out of North Korea were launched last night - fell in the sea. North Korea had not so much other news broken overnight. This might have been our lead story. Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?","You know, that depends on whom you ask. There are certainly those people who will express total confidence in the president, those who have probably never had any at all. But the team around the president, the three generals - so we are increasingly talking about John Kelly, James Mattis, H. R. McMaster - that team tends to boost confidence on military matters.","Ron Elving, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) \"Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?\" "} +{"dialogue":["It was like a brick carriage house. Inside, there was just one room on the first floor and one room on the second floor, so it was an intimate house for a non-intimate family.","Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.","(Singing) Squint your eyes and look closer. I'm not between you and your ambition. I am a poster girl with no poster. I am 32 flavors and then some.","Ani DiFranco talks about those early years in her new memoir. It's called \"No Walls And The Recurring Dream. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The house was small for the family living in it, despite having multiple floors."} +{"dialogue":["We're going to set our clock here in our studio for a minute, OK?Please begin, Mr. MacLeod, in three, two, one. . .","Which country and western singer has the worst hearing?Dolly Pardon. Which country and western singer will let you stay at the house?Kenny Lodgers. I spent a whole year trying to get into classical music. It took the Four Seasons. What's the best way to break up a tractor?A John Deere-alator. What do you call a woman with jam on her head?Marge. Doctor, doctor, I can't stop stealing your furniture. Please, take a seat. My new racehorse can only run in the dark. It's a nightmare. Went to Pete Sampras' restaurant yesterday. Served very quickly. I didn't last long walking on hot coals with the Kings of Leon. My salt's on fire. I heard a sad story about dropping a wedding cake. It ended in tiers. I hoped to complete my new spice rack this morning but I couldn't find the thyme. What did Aladdin have with his cup of tea?Jafar cakes. I went to an earthquake restaurant for lunch. The waiters keep moving your plates. Doctor, doctor, my invisibility meds is wearing off. I'll see you shortly. What do you call a man surrounded by beef stock?Stew. Where's the best play in New York to do multiplication?Times Squared.","Oh. All right. We let you go a little bit over a minute. Sixteen jokes by my count. Some of them were pretty funny.","They're all original jokes, I have to say. I don't think they're particularly good, but they don't have to be good. They only have to be quick."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Mr. MacLeod is expected to tell a series of jokes quickly."} +{"dialogue":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S. trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The labor chapter is better but useless without proper enforcement on three different levels."} +{"dialogue":["So that was kind of a puzzle. Why do we have this sort of high density of angular momentum in the Earth-moon system, and the other planets are spinning slower?And so it came up with this idea that hey, Mars hit the Earth, gave it its spin, not Mars itself but a planet like Mars. . .","Is that the Theia, or is that something different?","That's Theia. That's the Mars-sized planet that people have been invoking all these years, for about the last 40 years now. And that led to detailed models and dozens and dozens of papers exploring this idea of fleshing out various scenarios. And in the last 10 years, we really thought we were approaching the endgame, where we could make the Earth, we could give it its spin, we could, you know, make a moon. . .","And you had it all wrapped up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Theia is the Mars-sized planet that collided with Earth"} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. But on the other hand, you know, basically going toward an impeachment process without making sure that we have done our homework and have the case to win the approval of the American people and to get a conviction in the Senate may not be the best course. So right now. . .","But forgive - we just have half a minute left. Forgive - you and I always use baseball analogies. Are you essentially saying we're not going to begin the game until we know we can win it?","I think what I'm saying is we have to make sure that we go down the path where we can actually achieve the intended result. And right now, going into the impeachment process without having done all our homework is not what my constituents want. And I think that it's not necessarily the best course.","Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois, thanks so much for being back with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are not going to do the impeachment until they have studied all of the evidence and the laws regarding it."} +{"dialogue":["Well, speaking of that, sir, you're the only Democrat to support President Trump's nominee for CIA director, Gina Haspel. Republican SEnator McCain won't support her. Why does she have your vote?","Gina Haspel has my vote. I sat on in intelligence, so I've been privileged as one of a hundred senators - there's only 15 of us to get to see the deep dive, if you will, into the intelligence. That gives me the comfort level I have. Forget about being a Democrat or a Republican. Here's a woman of impeccable career with the United States government, working in some of the most dangerous places in the world. She's done everything asked about. She didn't break any laws. No one said she's broken a law. They're asking her on her moral values. After 9\/11, this was the rules of engagement of what they were doing for intelligence gathering. I have not found a reason for me not to vote for the most qualified person I've ever seen come before us in that agency. She was - she was not in charge. And everyone makes it look like she made these decisions. They were not her decisions to make.","Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia, thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He worked on the intelligence committee and learned a great deal of things that most people don't know about the world."} +{"dialogue":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that while the issue of violence and firearm violence must be addressed, the rights of gun owners should be respected as well."} +{"dialogue":["So, this is an exciting moment for us to take a look at ourselves. So, you know, first of all, how do you compare this presidential race with ones in the past?","Can't do it. This is not like any presidential race in the past. We have already had the first woman candidate to be this close to being nominated. The first Hispanic candidate to be a major candidate. First Mormon. We have the first African-American nominee, now presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party. And we also had a very interesting race on the Republican side that would have been kind of a barnburner in its own right. So, this has been a much more interesting presidential race that we've had in my lifetime. And it's just got an awful lot of facets of great news value.","So, how would you say, what would you say even coverage is?What is the goal really?","The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Equal coverage for all candidates is difficult to achieve."} +{"dialogue":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The flooding has affected the whole state of Oklahoma, not just a small part."} +{"dialogue":["Sure, end-to-end encryption means that whether it's a phone call we're on or an email message we're sending or any form of electronic communication, that the content of that communication is encrypted from your device, such as your phone or PC, unto the other person's device at the other side, wherever they might be on the planet Earth. So end-to-end encryption, keeps things encrypted and that means that law enforcement, without a warrant, cannot read that information","They can't intercept or break into. . .","Correct. Now, with a warrant, they can always go to the information service provider and attempt to get that information. But even then, they may not be able to because the party selling the encryption services may be a third party and may not even know who the parties are that are communicating.","So what is the argument that tech companies make about the feasibility of designing technology that would satisfy everyone's concerns?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Implied Meaning: Even with a warrant, law enforcement may not be able to get the information they are looking for because the encryption service provider may not even know who the parties are that are communicating. "} +{"dialogue":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The teacher gets the class ready for school work by giving them a math problem to do."} +{"dialogue":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S. was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Southwest CEO pre-bought fuel in anticipation of a potential increase in oil prices due to the US going to war in Iraq, which resulted in billions of dollars of profits for the airline"} +{"dialogue":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Chinese steel industry's overcapacity and debt are significant problems"} +{"dialogue":["What about beyond the environment?- because your platform goes well beyond just issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of climate. What else do you stand for?","Well, having a clear attitude against racism through our diversity, not flirting with populist parties but confronting them. This is something that the Greens have been always good in. And I think that resonates with the population. And also, the Green Party has always been most pro-European party, longing for United States of Europe as a vision."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Green Party has good attitudes towards diversity, opposes populist parties, and is pro-European."} +{"dialogue":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway."} +{"dialogue":["First of all, Ford says it doesn't need the money right now. It needs a line of credit in case. And they believe that they can make it, that they can make it through these hard times. So, there is one big difference. They don't have to go to the extremes that, say, GM does, who say they need money right now.","Jean, I'd like to go back to GM for a moment, and I know you mentioned Larry Burns is a friend. If you were to point out one thing that you think that they're not doing that they should be doing at General Motors, what would that be?","You know, they have been just slow, very slow. They have brought out many, many vehicles in the past - and he is absolutely correct when he says, you know, nine of the last 10 vehicles that have come out have been great vehicles. Two of the next 24 will be what Congress is asking them to do.","So, they're addressing the issues. They have the Chevy Cruise. They have the Malibu, which was an Automobile Magazine All-Star last year, its first year out. We called it better than a Camry. They have a Malibu hybrid. They have the Cadillac line, CTS, CTSV. They have Volt. They have very good vehicles coming out. They have been perhaps slow to ax the ones that are not so good.","Jean Jennings is the editor of Automobile magazine. Thanks, Jean."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Ford doesn't need the money right now, but GM does"} +{"dialogue":["What the government says they're doing is addressing the problem with intelligence, which means being aware of rifts like this inside the gangs before they become violent. Fifty-five dead shows that that strategy failed here. And the governor says he's not renewing the contract of the private company that runs these prisons. Now they are taking these transfer measures. You know, they're using the intelligence that they have to transfer some gang leaders to a maximum security prison and then moving 200 other inmates who they say have received death threats. And that's their measures right now. The city is also under alert. There are police on the streets making sure this doesn't spill out into gun violence on the streets. And, you know, we'll see over the next few days whether that can contain even more possible violence.","Interesting that you say it's a private company that is running these prisons. Given that, why are these facilities so out of control?These are profit-making enterprises.","Watchdog groups have been sending out red flags about prison overcrowding in Brazil for many years now, and so it really is a political will issue. Many experts, after the tragedy of the past few days - including a U. N. spokesperson yesterday - say that to really address this problem, you have to reduce overcrowding. And countrywide, prisons are around 70% over capacity and around 137% in this state alone.","Just quickly - Brazil's new president, Jair Bolsonaro, is a guy who talks tough on crime. Has he said anything about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The government failed to prevent the gang violence despite claiming to address the problem with intelligence."} +{"dialogue":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : So you went out to see if the economy was going down in terms of less people spending money."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Of Puerto Rico. (Laughter) So that would leave the secretary of the Department of Education fourth in line. And he took over that agency from Julia Keleher, who is facing corruption charges in federal court.","Oh, my goodness.","And I think it's important to remember that the arrest of the former Department of Education secretary almost three weeks ago initiated this head-spinning series of events that has led to Governor Rossello's announcement last Wednesday that he was resigning.","Mr. Trelles, I just want to know because we're going so far down the line of succession, is there some point in the rules where the governorship just falls to you, that it's the editor of Radio Ambulante who becomes governor of Puerto Rico?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, South Korea, the Netherlands. We played, you know, the reigning champs, Serbia, and we also played Turkey. So yeah. Yeah, we had a good four games of full play.","I understand the French team looks strong.","They are strong. They're very good. There's a lot of good teams here. I mean, this is the highest level of 3x3 in the - 3 on 3 (ph) basketball there is around the world.","Do you feel you're kind of in on the ground floor of a sport that's going to become more popular around the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : 3x3 basketball is highly competitive with many skilled teams"} +{"dialogue":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Some people will misinterpret the New Yorker's cover story as confirming false rumors about Obama's religion."} +{"dialogue":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S. to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, they hired an engineer from Southern California, a guy named John Minasian. And Minasian was an expert in towers, and he built rocket gantries for Cape Canaveral for the Saturn rockets. He also built missile testing gantries for the Air Force at Edwards Air Force Base and broadcast towers. And he contributed pretty significantly to the Needle design in terms of - for one thing, being from Southern California, he'd studied with Richter at Caltech. He said you're going to - we're going to put in a foundation that will stand the test of time.","Mm-hmm. And it has been and, you know, you're in a very tectonic part of the world. There are a lot of earthquakes that happen here. I imagine that was taken into account in the design.","Yeah. They did wind tunnel test at the University of Washington, and they basically doubled the load so that it was twice the required code at the time. I talked to an engineer who worked on the project says it could - it'll stay standing with a nine point, you know, quake.","Wow. Well, and was it designed with the Cold War in mind?We were right in the middle of the coldest past of the Cold War at that time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They were in the middle of the highest tensions between the two countries."} +{"dialogue":["That's right. And the U. S. scientists had been very disappointed in the '58 Brussels fair because they felt the Russians had outshone us in terms of science. And they said we need to do something. And the Seattle guys came along and said, we want to do a fair. You want a science fair. That's what this will be about. The Space Needle was designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world.","When they broke ground on the Space Needle, it was literally the same time that the Berlin Wall was being built. And it became this kind of symbol about the difference between us and the Soviets. They were putting up barbwire. We were putting up a vista to the world.","Talking with Knute Berger on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here at - in Seattle at the Pacific Science Center right next to the Space Needle. If it were to be built today, would anything be built differently about it, structurally or design-wise or is it almost a perfect needle?","You know, I asked the engineer who's still alive who worked on it. I asked him that exact question. I said what would you today?And he said, basically, we wouldn't anything different. He said we could take some of the weight out of it. They overbuilt it. He. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He wants to know if the tower is perfect as is or should it be changed. "} +{"dialogue":["Thanks, Scott.","First, these current attacks. Based on reporting, is there a particular source for attacks against Orthodox Jews?","Well, it seems to be happening often from people who live in the neighborhood. We don't know that much about the perpetrators. What we do know is that people that live in Crown Heights don't tend to be white supremacists. And to judge from the footage of many of these attacks, at least some of the perpetrators seem to be young black men or teenagers. And perhaps that's one of the reasons that so many people want to avert their eyes from what's happening in places like Crown Heights.","Are they street assaults and robberies or hate crimes?Where are the lines in something like this?","Well, all we know is that the people that are being attacked are the most publicly, visibly Jewish people. And they're incredibly violent. Given that this has been happening in the city, there's been a sort of curious lack of interest on the part of New Yorkers, on the part of the mayor, on the part of the governor. Imagine if a spate of crimes had happened in a pattern like this against another minority - what the reaction would be.","Has there also been a national increase in anti-Semitic crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person wants to know where the crimes are not taking place and who is not getting hurt."} +{"dialogue":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S. Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The attack looked so perfect, like something straight out of the movies."} +{"dialogue":["So after more than a week of protesting, it seems like you may be about to get what you've been asking for. There's a deal to sell the mine and money set aside to pay back wages. Does that mean you're heading home?","No. It's a step in the right direction. What's been set aside is like probably around 35, 40% of back wages on that. And they decided that they won't stay until we've been fully reimbursed.","The deal has set aside about $450,000 of an estimated 2 1\/2 million that are owed to the miners.","Right. Right. That's the deal. That's Kopper Glo stepping up.","You know, some local officials have said you're actually depriving yourselves of money by blocking the tracks because you are blocking coal that would otherwise get sold. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The amount set aside for wages is insufficient."} +{"dialogue":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The origin of the video is unknown, but the Vice Chancellor has not denied any of the allegations"} +{"dialogue":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see."} +{"dialogue":["First, the president speaks to a joint session of Congress tonight. It's not officially a State of the Union speech, but it will have much of the same pomp and ceremony. The speech is at 9 p. m. Eastern. It will be televised, and so Mr. Obama's real audience will be you and I, the people watching at home. NPR's Scott Horsley's here now. He's also be monitoring the speech.","And Scott, I guess it'll be economy as the number one topic.","You know, there's really no escaping that. The president said yesterday that this is not the situation he or any new president would like to inherit, but he's faced with rising unemployment, you talk about those plummeting home prices, a record number of foreclosures. So he's going to be talking about the steps he and Congress have already taken, like the $787 billion stimulus plan, the foreclosure prevention plan he unveiled last week in Arizona.","He's also expected to provide some more detail about his administration's efforts to shore up the banking system. That's something that the secretary of Treasury rolled out a couple of weeks ago and has been criticized for not having enough details. So we may learn more about that and about efforts to strengthen and update financial regulations so we don't find ourselves in a situation like this again."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It will have all of the same importance and rituals as the first speech."} +{"dialogue":["It's amazing the way it works.","I agree. Now, Nelson Mandela's 90th birthday is looming, and there have been all this celebrations now. Supermodel Naomi Campbell, who I guess according to court records will hit anyone on the head with her cell phone, was supposed to be a presenter at this big concert but was removed from the list. Give us a quick sense of why.","Well, Mandela was a little upset that when she got arrested the last time she had on a hat with the numbers - his prison cell number or his inmate number from prison, and he was a little disturbed about that. But she didn't present, but she did attend an event last night. So, I mean, you know I think he was - you know people was sort of worried about you know what it would like if she was on stage, but she was there because they're very close, she and Mandela so.","Ah, close enough to get hit with the cell phone?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Naomi Campbell has a history of violence with her cell phone"} +{"dialogue":["Well, that's definitely, you know, kind of a hip-hop beat, you know, club beat. What's the music like?","Man, the music, this thing, the box set that I ended up receiving, the music is unbelievable. And that's been part of also this hype that you talked about, too, Farai. Like, how come this game is so popular?Well, you know, they have some of the best musicians, some great independent artists that are on air. So the music soundtrack that you play, you are driving a lot throughout the game, so you can change stations. You can change genres, and so you're discovering new artists and you're listening to some of your favorite artists. And the music soundtrack of this thing is scored like a movie.","I mean, this development cost about a 100 million dollars to develop this game. So this is really showing a monumental shift in the amount of money being allocated to even develop a game. We really haven't heard of numbers this high before. But we're talking about a video-game industry that rakes in about 18 billion dollars a year. So it's not a small industry.","Wow, well, speaking of billions of dollars, they came. They asked. They got a no. We are talking about Microsoft's 44. 6-billion-dollar offer to buy Yahoo!, and Yahoo!said nener nener (ph), and cut an ad deal with Google instead. So, should Yahoo!have taken the offer?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The video game industry is worth a lot of money."} +{"dialogue":["He just said Father Sullivan was a great orator. He was a great debater on theology - so on and so forth. And then my wife asked if there are any relatives living in the area?And he said, I don't think so. But there is a relative connection in Buffalo if you'd be interested in hearing about that. So he took us down the hall into a bigger office. He sat behind the desk. We sat on the other side. He said to my wife, are you an attorney?And she said no. He looked at me - are you an attorney?I said no. He said whatever we say here will stay in this room today. So I said to him, you know. He said, yeah, I know. I said, how do you know?He said, you look just like him.","Wow. Oh, that must have been an extraordinary moment.","Well, it was a moment that I didn't expect. And I guess, you know, it was spontaneous on his part. He's in his 80s. I pop in. He knew I existed but never thought I'd knock on his door. I went back to see him, though, about a month later to get the details of what he had told me before, and he rescinded everything he said.","And then what happened?What did you do to get to the point where you actually were able to exhume your father's body?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Whatever each person said at that time will not be repeated to anyone."} +{"dialogue":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S. is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S. says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S. military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S. position.","Well, right. And no U. S. commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The drone could monitor inside Iran without entering Iranian airspace."} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C. Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : If you have a Thanksgiving dinner with family and friends who disagree with you politically, don't worry because John Dickerson can help with some talking points."} +{"dialogue":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It was negligent of immigration authorities to not take Carlos Hernandez Vasquez to the hospital"} +{"dialogue":["Let's turn now to the Bahamas and specifically the northern parts of the Bahamas, where reports are coming in of extensive, unprecedented damage. We have been trying to get through all day with no luck. Phone service is mostly out. The Red Cross is there on the ground, and I want to bring in Steve McAndrew of the Red Cross. He is monitoring the situation from Panama.","Mr. McAndrew, welcome.","Thank you for having me.","Now, have you been able to get through to your teams in the Bahamas?What are you hearing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The host is thanking the guest for coming."} +{"dialogue":["I don't know what you would do to keep them from doing it. If they can get in and steal stuff like this, how can they - how could you block the Internet down?I mean, I don't know.","Ronnie Hipshire is a retired coal miner from West Virginia.","Ronnie, thank you for talking with us about this.","Thank you. You have a blessed day."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"Thank you.\" - While the words \"thank you\" are often used to express gratitude, in this context it could also be interpreted as a polite way to end the conversation."} +{"dialogue":["However, they pointed out to me that they could do so much, but they needed roofing materials. Without roofing materials, when the rains come in the rainy season, it will all be washed away, their work. And that seemed to me to be an example of the sort of local women's group that needs to be supported. That groups like that can participate as they want to in the re-integration and recovery process. It's very important that the government of Southern Sudan, with the support of the international community, give support to local women's groups like these.","Well Melanie, thank you so much.","Thank you.","Melanie Teff is with Refugees International. She recently returned from a trip to Southern Sudan, where she helped with returning refugees and the advancement of women's rights."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Local women's groups in Southern Sudan need support from the government and international community for their re-integration and recovery process."} +{"dialogue":["I'm great. So, what excites you?I mean, it's a huge accomplishment to coach this team. And what excites you about this year's Olympic Games?","We have a fantastic team. You know, naturally, the team isn't picked yet and everyone will go through Olympic trials. But whoever comes out in the top three, they will represent this country to the highest degree. I'm sure it will be a balance of our veterans and our up-and-coming athletes. And they did very well last year in the world championship. And I'm looking forward to seeing the U. S. A. do very well in Beijing.","What does it take - you're an Olympian, a medal-wining Olympian. What does it take to have, not just the skill, but the heart to get a medal in the Olympics?","You know, it takes a lot of sacrifice, you know?Many times the athletes have, they've done a lot of competition, of course. From age-group track & field, through high school, and if they attended college, it takes a lot of dedication, a lot of sacrifice, and a lot of focus. You know, a lot of times, you know, sometimes they can get distracted. But the ones that you see, the cream of the crop that you see at the Olympic Games are extremely focused and dedicated athletes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The coach is confident in the team's abilities for the Olympics."} +{"dialogue":["High bar, yeah. So the federal indictment is supposed to be unsealed today. What are you going to be looking for as someone who's been following this case against R. Kelly for a long time?","Well, I'll be looking for a couple of things - one, looking to see if there are new alleged victims in here. You know, the case that's in state court, there are four alleged victims in there. Many of them were already known. They had either already come forward or - yeah, have already come forward and told their stories of alleged abuse at the hands of R. Kelly.","I'll also be looking to see when the alleged crimes happened. You know, all of the alleged crimes in state court happened 10 years ago or more. Those kinds of cases are really hard to prove, you know, when they're that old. I'll be interested to see if any of these happened more recently, if there are any allegations that he's done anything in the last decade.","WBEZ reporter Patrick Smith in Chicago for us this morning. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Recent crimes are easier to prove than crimes from 10 years ago"} +{"dialogue":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The steel and aluminum tariffs caused a loss for pork producers"} +{"dialogue":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes"} +{"dialogue":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. This Thanksgiving Day, we'll hear how food banks are innovating to meet the needs of the hungry in the U. S. That's just ahead. First, though, we go to Mumbai, India, where coordinated terrorist attacks began last night, killing more than 100 people. The attacks occurred throughout the city at sites like the Oberoi and Taj Mahal Hotels. Arif Doctor is a lawyer living in Mumbai. We reached him today at his home and asked what the city looks like.","From my home, we're seeing or hearing presently nothing. Last night, we heard three explosions, which we were told were hand grenades, at about midnight and half past one in the morning. And we were told those were hand grenades thrown out of the Oberoi Hotel.","Do you know anyone personally who has been at any of these sites that have come under attack?","We do. We know someone. I'm a lawyer, and there's another fellow lawyer - two fellow lawyers who are in the Oberoi, very senior lawyers who are in the Oberoi. We had contact with them til about four, five in the morning. And after that, we've heard nothing from them. They were in a restaurant which is on the ground floor of the Oberoi. One is called the Tiffin and the other Kandahar. And since that time, we've had no contact with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : the situation in Mumbai is so tense and unpredictable that even small sounds like explosions can cause fear and panic."} +{"dialogue":["He was an amazingly debonair guy. He was a man of society, as I came to figure out. He was a guy who attended functions at The Plaza for the Soldiers, Sailors, Marine Corps and Airmen's Association, the Petroushka Ball at the Waldorf, the Russian Nobility Ball, the Viennese Waltz Ball - all of these crazy events that, frankly, I had never heard of, but he was - had long-standing involvement with.","And he - this was his life.","This was his life. He was the organizer of these things. He would orchestrate table settings. He was the man at the door who would greet everybody. You know, he actually invited my wife and I to one of these events one time. It was one at The Plaza. And there stood Alan, right behind the reception table as you walked in: tuxedo, tails, you know, medals on his chest. He had served in the Air Force. And he - you know, he was the host of this whole universe, really. I mean, he was involved in numerous events like this.","And among those phone messages, you used to get messages from women named Muffy explaining what a grand, smashing time they'd had."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations."} +{"dialogue":["One of the main things that the sheep people face is the predators. And coyotes, wolves will impact your herd and kill lambs and so forth. It's kind of hard to imagine. But, at one point, I was trapping as many coyotes in a year as when I had sheep running on the land. And this is one of the things that this Barrasso bill seemed to address is the threshold level and not letting that level be like a mirage that you never really get there.","I apologize in advance for my city kid naivete, but isn't there something you can do to prevent the coyotes from getting to your - do I say flock or herd?","It's difficult. You got to remember, you know, it takes 30 acres to run a cow on my place. And you just can't be every place at once. So consequently, the cows have to kind of take care of themselves. And predators are very hard to offset in that instance.","How would increased state involvement, which is called for in the Barrasso bill, improve things as far as you're concerned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Despite efforts to protect livestock, it's difficult to fully control predators and their impact on the herd."} +{"dialogue":["Well, if things go as expected, Netanyahu is on track to become Israel's longest-serving prime minister. To talk about Netanyahu's long career as prime minister of Israel, we're joined now by Daniel Shapiro. He was the U. S. ambassador to Israel during the Obama administration, and he joins us from Tel Aviv. Welcome.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","So this will be Netanyahu's fourth consecutive term, but it's his fifth term overall as prime minister. Describe how you think Netanyahu has changed from the day he was first elected prime minister in 1996.","I think he's gone through several phases, at least on the issue that is so central to any Israeli prime minister - the Palestinian issue. He started as a real hard-liner. He dragged his feet on implementing the Oslo Accords they inherited from Prime Minister Rabin and worked on with the Clinton administration. And then when he left office in 1999 and returned 10 years later, he encountered President Obama, who wanted to try, yet again, to press forward on trying to achieve a two-state solution with the Palestinians."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Netanyahu's views on the Palestinian issue have changed over time"} +{"dialogue":[". . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.","Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.","Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.","Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about how a cucumber tends to curl and not about anatomy review."} +{"dialogue":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S. Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Despite the initial difficulty, the team persevered and eventually succeeded in translating the text."} +{"dialogue":["Voice of America - they wanted to know what was going on; the events on Tiananmen. And there was one chilling story that I remember. Chinese television rebroadcast an interview from American TV. A demonstrator called Chinese leaders killers, and then the scene froze, and a telephone number flashed on the screen with a text urging people to turn this guy in.","Wow.","And within hours, the guy was arrested. And we could see him being taken into a police station.","With such fear in Beijing, how were you able to report the story?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Chinese government actively sought to identify and punish protesters."} +{"dialogue":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Chinese citizens have limited investment options due to government regulations"} +{"dialogue":["Do you have any explanation for that?Can you speculate on why that would be so different?","You know, it's just very curious. They must have - you know, they had time to go hands-on with all of the products that were involved in the case, and so they may have, you know, seen from prior art that they thought that it was very clear that the phones involved stemmed from this iPhone design and - but not so much the tablets.","There were several instances of tablets and tablet patented designs that existed before the iPad. So they may have thought that, you know, Samsung got their ideas from somewhere else.","So what's this going to do to buying a future Samsung or other brand that might - you know, has Apple put the fear in people of copying them now?","We'll have to see. So one of the biggest consequences that could come out of this verdict is that the price of Android devices could go up in the future because now Apple's - this portion of Apple's patent portfolio has been validated by the court system, and Apple can pretty confidently go forward and start suing any other Android hardware manufacturers it thinks are infringing on these patents."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The jury had access to all products involved in the case."} +{"dialogue":["Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.","And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?","There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.","And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions."} +{"dialogue":["ORDO\u00d1EZ: Well, Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney was on shows this morning defending the administration, defending the White House, saying Democrats like Swalwell, who we just heard, are trying to score political points on the tragedy, saying that about some of the other Democratic candidates who are still in the presidential race. Mulvaney himself is calling the shooter a sick person and says drawing anything other than that is wrong or fair - trying to blame the president is unfair.","This was a sick person. The person in Dayton was a sick person. No politician is to blame for that. The people responsible here are the people who pulled the trigger. We need to figure out how to create less of those kinds of people as a society and not trying to figure out who gets blamed going into the next election.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And Trump himself, you know, at a rally in Charlotte last year, he said the White House didn't blame Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters went out and shot a Republican lawmaker during a baseball practice. They're saying they want the same type of response.",": And where does the White House stand in terms of policy solutions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Mulvaney is defending the White House and administration"} +{"dialogue":["Yup. And then, suddenly, it came back, and then it went back down. And they scratched their heads for quite a while. And finally, what they realized is that there was so much radiation there that it was doing what's called saturating the detector. So it just couldn't count anymore. It was just overwhelmed. And then when they would go out of the radiation belts, it would come back down to a reasonable level that it was designed for, and it would start counting again. And so it took them a little while to figure that out. But once they did, that was the discovery of the radiation belts.","And now we have the probes to follow up. Thanks, Craig Kletzing, for joining us today.","You're very welcome. Thanks for having me.","Craig Kletzing is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The discovery of the radiation belts was a result of a long process of understanding what was causing the detector to be overwhelmed by radiation."} +{"dialogue":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S. citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Democrats are trying to limit the President's power to take military action without approval from Congress."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.",". . . And they're called casseurs - breakers. They love to smash windows. They love to tear stuff up. And actually, the interior minister said that Marine Le Pen - that's the far-right leader - sent out far-right, you know, hooligans to cause havoc. So she, of course, denies that. But in every demonstration in France, these young men - they wear hoods, and they love to come out. So there's definitely that element.","And I've been talking to people out here. You know, a father had his 6-year-old daughter out here. He's not out there smashing things. So they're angry. They feel like their march is being taken over. But I can hear them screaming, Macron resign, way up, chanting in the crowd. So yes, people are causing, you know, damage and havoc, but there are regular people who are just angry.","NPR's Eleanor Beardsley on the streets of Paris. Eleanor, thanks very, very much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : elements in this context is something that causes something else, or something that can help something, in this case its asthma"} +{"dialogue":["Well, in a way, it was easy to not think about it, let's put it that way. After all, you know, the community had been tremendously traumatized by all this, so we were not in a mental situation to examine it or to think about it that much. I mean, people had to survive. But over the long haul, I do feel that because we had been subjected to something that was so totally outside of our control, one had to really internalize a lot of the, well, gee. You know, why did they do this to us?","And in my particular case, my parents decided that they no longer wanted to stay in this country, you know?So they signed up for what they called a repatriation. My father was not a citizen, so he had decided to go back to Japan. And for me, this was unthinkable. I just could not imagine leaving the home, the country that I knew. I'm very alienated from my parents for a while over this situation. We did not go to Japan, but that's something that will always haunt me because I was blaming my parents for something that was imposed on them, really.","What made you decide that you wanted to protest now at Fort Sill?","Well, some of us just thought, because of our particular history, that we had, you know, the moral authority to go in and say, well, you've done it to us, so don't repeat history."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with."} +{"dialogue":["Well, this ongoing and developing saga between singers Chris Brown and Rihanna. The president's proposed stimulus package is getting kicked around online as well. This is from the blog Political Season. He writes: Half of America is very weary of the bailout, and the other half loathes it, and nobody understands the logic going into it. Is it just me or would it have made a whole lot more sense for there to have been some public disclosure so that people understood the urgency and the emergency involved?","And this is from the blog Cob(ph): Like the woman who was pregnant when she voted for Obama because she thought he'd change America's health-care system in time for her baby, a lot of people are going to be disappointed to find that the stimulus plan is not going to be as broad and timely as the economy will be wiping out jobs.","And after today's developments, they are probably going to be even more confused in terms of what's about to happen. What can people find out on our Web site this week, Geoffrey?","Well, we've got two recent in-studio performances, one from Maisha, another one from Asha. They're both female singers who go by one name."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The stimulus package is being talked about online in a good and a bad way."} +{"dialogue":["The size of the painting certainly is a huge challenge. And because we're capturing so much data with a variety of imaging techniques, we're generating terabytes of data that, down the line, we'll be using computer analysis and artificial intelligence to actually interpret some of the data. So that is a sort of a goal down the line to actually figure out the best way to look at this kind of information.","So shoring up IT.","That is certainly one of the goals. That doesn't mean to say that you still don't need the experts. In our Night Watch research team, we have experts of all different kinds - curators, art historians, conservators, scientists. You still need those experts, you know, for interpretation of the data. But I mean, you want to take away a lot of the manual work, a lot of the looking. And that's where artificial intelligence and computers will be very helpful.","Well, I'm sure Rembrandt couldn't imagine that. Right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned"} +{"dialogue":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Jordanians support the uprising but are hesitant to support military intervention. Government may change its position later"} +{"dialogue":["Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.","I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.","The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.","You say the U. S. government panicked. Did the U. S. government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at."} +{"dialogue":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees."} +{"dialogue":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There are recent hit songs in the top 10 chart."} +{"dialogue":["Mr. Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?","Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.","And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?","Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : not a physical drawing board or easel, but the most important thing on an agenda or plan; not a physically big-in-size plan, but a plan with many elements or parts to it"} +{"dialogue":["I was shocked by that on a number of levels. You know, the first thing that shocked people about the call, obviously, is the notion of the president withholding military aid and trying to bully the Ukrainians into doing personal favors. This is, obviously, a big deal. But in the middle of all that, what struck me and, as I say, even shocked me was his willingness to disparage our ambassador to Ukraine in a call with a foreign leader, referring to her as the woman and saying she was bad news and then vaguely but, frankly, ominously saying to the president of Ukraine that she was going to go through some things.","Let's give her name. It's Marie Yovanovitch. Tell us about her. What's her reputation in the diplomatic community?","So Marie Yovanovitch - and she goes by Masha. Masha was one of the most respected and longstanding members of our foreign service. She has, I think, been in the foreign service for over 30 years, served all around the world and most recently and in the most senior positions, obviously, as ambassador to Ukraine, until she was removed prematurely in May, but before that, also ambassador to Armenia and ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.","The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more."} +{"dialogue":["What is the biggest need right now?I mean, where are these people going and, specifically, children who may have lost family members?","Yeah. Well, the biggest need in general is everything. They need food, shelter, jerrycans for clean water. You need water trucks with clean water to go there. Imagine that a flooding contaminates everything. That is why diseases are bound to break out. And it's already happening. There is cases of cholera mentioned or reported in Beira.","There is a system where children - where parents can fill in the name of their children that they are missing. And then, you know, that is accessible for aid organizations. And the aid organizations in the field will look for those children and try to get parents and children back together again. If that doesn't happen, children will go into the governmental care while the aid organizations keep looking for relatives where they can live with.","And I understand that even though the floodwaters are now receding, there is a chance for secondary floods. How is the community preparing for that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation."} +{"dialogue":["Then, Francisco Lopez fired back with this. (Reading) Socialist, how interesting that we would call policies to get us out of the economic hole that when the political thought of the last 30 years has simply been welfare for the rich.","Then Qwende Madu(ph) chimed in with this. (Reading) Pure Republican haberdash. The government didn't require banks to make bad loans. They did so of their own accord. Furthermore, the stimulus package is not meant to replace private investment but is the last resort meant to show entrepreneurs that the economy is still viable.","And Walter Groppe(ph) has cheered our guest with this remarks. (Reading) Government got us into this mess. That means, Democrats and Republicans should they be trying to get us out of it?No, the government needs to sit down, shut up and learn.","Now, moving on to another story. Ann Powers(ph) in St. Louise, Missouri wrote us after she heard us replay a Roundtable with African-American mystery authors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy."} +{"dialogue":["Sorry. Sorry. Well, one more sticky issue. You got some pushback from a song - on the song, \"Wish You Were Gay. \"And people were hoping it would become an anthem for the LGBTQ community. But some people are actually not pleased about it. They feel that it's - there's pushback about it. And how do you think about that?","You know what I think is that everybody has a right to feel exactly what they feel. And it's not anyone's place to tell somebody that their being offended is not correct, you know?It's, like, that's a thing that you can't control. And if somebody doesn't feel OK with something, then you have to respect that and understand that and not try to fight that.","And so I knew writing that song that - it wasn't meant as an insult. And it wasn't meant to be offensive in any way. So for me, I didn't even really think about it because it was so not at all. . .","O'CONNELL: Controversial to us.",". . . Controversial in my mind because I thought of it as almost like a positive thing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Everyone should respect other people's opinions and feelings, even if they don't agree with them."} +{"dialogue":["We're talking with NPR foreign correspondent Deborah Amos, with us from our bureau in Beirut. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. But does that suggest that people believe that some sort of conference, some sort of agreement will freeze things in place, at some point?","Well, maybe if we get to Geneva 10 as many. . .",". . . analysts talk about here.","Not funny, but it's funny."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes."} +{"dialogue":["Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.","We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?","Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.","What are those reasons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The late delivery of absentee ballots caused a lot of work for us"} +{"dialogue":["Coastal Texas did have a couple of days to prepare for this storm. People were urged to leave the area. What's your estimation?Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?","Well, certainly some did. As I was driving in from Austin and San Antonio yesterday, you could see a fair number of cars, you know, going the other direction. So certainly, there were some people that evacuated. But here at the hotel that we're staying, there are hundreds of residents who are from Corpus Christi who decided to hunker it out and stay the night here. You know, there were no mandatory evacuations ordered for Corpus Christi.","Some are beginning to wonder, you know, was that the best plan of action?Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals. And that, you know, picks up a whole series of logistical issues. So you know, as the Texas governor ordered yesterday, if you feel unsafe, if you feel unsecure then you should flee.","And Russell, what do you see for the next few hours and next few days about when conditions might improve and what people have to contend with?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals."} +{"dialogue":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : No one is currently out due to the strong winds"} +{"dialogue":["Well, he's got two possibilities here. These tariffs go up on Friday. Both the U. S. and the Chinese economy would feel the pain. Markets would respond. And here in China, the timing is not great. China's growth is slowing. The government has stepped in with stimulus to try and cushion the blow. And higher tariffs would put more pressure on China's financial system. That said, the notion of Xi Jinping standing up to an American president plays into this carefully crafted aura of him inside of China as this strongman leader who's willing to fight back against China's biggest global rival. So it could play in his favor.","Now, one thing that has not been on the table during these trade talks is China's interment of millions of Chinese Muslims - Uighurs - something that has concerned human rights groups here in the U. S. Do you think that there's any chance that this human rights concern will be addressed during these trade talks?","Well, it certainly doesn't seem like it. The State Department has ratcheted up its criticism of China on this issue, but the Commerce Department and the U. S. trade representative who are handling the trade negotiations don't seem receptive to having this issue be a part of the talks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo did seem to separate the two issues in an interview on \"Face The Nation\" on Sunday, saying the administration has to do more than one thing at a time.","And you were just in Xinjiang last week, right?Tell us what you saw there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Xi Jinping wants to appear as a strong leader who fights against China's biggest rival"} +{"dialogue":["And, of course, we have humanitarian assistance programs on the ground providing lifesaving assistance to the thousands of people who are escaping, going into safety. The worry is, first of all, within Idlib itself, it's a governorate with 3 million people living. This is the area where many people had fled from throughout the country. So there's a displacement that is happening on the doorstep of Turkey with 3 million people inside. And it has, also, all the elements to create further regional destabilization should this escalation continue.","What we are calling for is a cessation of hostilities. There must be a peaceful way forward, a way which - a solution that does not involve residential areas being bombed, a solution that is not military and that - a solution that ensures the protection of the children, the women, the families, the civilians who are living in this area.","And there have also been strikes from the rebel side.","There have been strikes on both sides. There have been, also, victims on both sides. There's been civilians that then also have circulated from government areas, which have also been affected. And it's equally unacceptable to civilians on both sides to find themselves the victim of this conflict.","I gather the U. N. has tried to protect civilians from attack by sharing information about the whereabouts of schools and hospitals with the government so they will know to steer clear. Has that not been successful?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The displacement is happening on the border of Turkey."} +{"dialogue":["That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?","Yeah. I mean, it was really cool. My shots were falling in the first half, and they kept feeding me the ball. And at half-time, I had 58 points and my teammates were more ecstatic. And they were so happy for me, and they said they were going to keep feeding me the ball. And so I couldn't ask for better teammates, how unselfish and willing they were to continue to give me the ball. And after the game, they were just as happy, if not more happy, than I was that a record was broken.","I wanted to read you a quote. You may have seen it already from Kobe Bryant who said, \"That's crazy, man. I don't care what level you're at. Scoring 138 points is pretty insane. He added, \"he must have been wearing the Mambas. Only the Mambas can have no conscience to shoot the ball that much. \"The Mambas, as you know I'm sure, is the name of Kobe Bryant's shoe.","Yeah. Yeah. Kobe's - he was my favorite player growing up. So to hear him talk about my game was pretty cool.","No conscience though?Is that - that's the scorer's mentality?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Teammates might be jealous that you score too much"} +{"dialogue":["The crowd was enormous. They were fired-up. There was this huge jumbo-tron screen on which the results were being displayed on CNN, and so, of course, as it came in, and it fall - it fell, first New Hampshire for Obama, then Pennsylvania, and then the red states started coming in. The crowd was going crazy.","What was striking about the speeches, after having covered Senator Obama for more than 20 months and seeing all the blue placards with Change on it and the rally atmosphere, this was very different than that. This was a presidential speech. The placards were gone, and American flags were being waved by people in the crowd.","And the speech itself was - there was no humor. It was a very serious speech. And though it had lots of optimism in it, it was about the challenges that we face as a country. And so, it really felt - and they, of course, set it up that way, so that it would be a pivot from the campaign Obama to the governing Obama. And one last observation is that he was surrounded on both sides by what looked like two huge parenthesis, massive bullet proof glass on either side of him as he spoke, protecting him from most of that crowd of roughly 200,000.","Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The crowd was very excited and enthusiastic about the election results."} +{"dialogue":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him"} +{"dialogue":["So the very beginning of it sounded a lot like rap to me.","Yeah. It is about the rhythm of the lyrics, rhythm of the words.","You have been living away from your home in Iran now, for a number of years. So how has life in exile been for you?","Actually, I - from the first days, I just could use this world for myself, world of exile. Here in the U. S. , I got mostly concentration on my work. I got my - silent; I got respect. I got - many things. Definitely, I miss my mom, I miss my family, I miss my friends. But not the concept of Iran - it's dead for me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The music in the beginning sounded like rap to me, which is a form of music that has a strong focus on rhythm and poetic lyrics."} +{"dialogue":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Is religion a major influence in your life?"} +{"dialogue":["You know, it was actually that friends started hearing we were doing this and said, well, have you thought about sharing them?So, about a year ago, I rounded up 10 or 12 people in town, and I said, OK, I'm going to mail you, I'm going to email you a math problem every night. Try it with your kids and tell me what happens. And within days, people were telling me that their kids were starting to bug them for the math problem every night.","Mm-hmm. Give me a sample of a math problem. Give us a math problem sample.","Sure. So, a couple of days ago, we did one on animals that have eight legs. And, you know, how do you walk when you have eight feet without tripping over yourself?So I actually watched a video of a crab walking to see how they do this. There's also a spider video out there. I couldn't bring myself to watch that. That was going to give me nightmares. But I watched the crab one, and there's a pattern.","The four feet on one side go one, three, two, four, and the ones on the other side do the same thing, alternating. So if the pattern is one, five, three, seven, two, six, four eight, and then you do one, five, three again, which leg takes the next step?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Their kids starting asking them repeatedly for math problems every night."} +{"dialogue":["Well, what Bill Lockyer, the State Treasurer is telling us, and what the governor is telling us is that we are in real trouble right now. Lockyer has said that we will not be able to meet payroll by the end of this month unless something is done to unfreeze the credit markets and the state is credit worthy.","I mean, it's the eight largest economy in the world. But they've been unable to obtain the normal short-term financing to meet cash flow needs. And when the state runs out of money that means that cities and counties and school districts also run out of money.","Has the state ever had to do this before, go to the federal government and say we need money now, help us?","I think this is unprecedented and certainly the state ordinarily would be solving their cash flow needs out of the regular market, not from the federal government. And what the governor is saying is that he would be asking the federal government to serve that role for the state of California."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The state of California is in financial trouble and may not be able to pay its employees or meet its financial obligations"} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Tony Cox. FEMA wants immunity from Class Action lawsuits for its formaldehyde-ridden trailers given to Hurricane Katrina victims. And President Bush is expected to sign a housing bill that once it clears the Senate, will help homeowners in trouble with their mortgages. That and more on today's Reporter's Roundtable. But first, we check in with our very own Farai Chideya coming live from the journalists of color UNITY convention in Chicago. Hey, Farai.","Hey, Tony.","So listen, for those not in the journalism world, what is Unity?","Unity is a once-every-four-year gathering of the Ethnic Journalism Associations. So the NABJ, the National Association of Black journalist, the Hispanic Journalist, Asian-American Journalists, Native-American Journalists. It's really this kind of diversity fest for journalism."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Unity is a gathering of diverse ethnic journalists."} +{"dialogue":["You've also written a book about geoengineering as a way to deal with climate change here on Earth. Do you think people should try and terraform Mars so we can live there?I mean, that is clearly something that has been floating around for a while.","I think it's impossible to think about Mars without thinking about this because, you know, the great myth of Mars is a myth of geoengineering. The great myth of Mars is that Mars was once alive and slowly dried out and that the Martians tried to do something about it. So, you know, the idea that the Martians have an environmental problem and want to solve it is fundamental to how the 20th century thought about Mars. And it's been kind of fundamental to how we imagine the future of Mars. It's very hard to imagine a human future on Mars as it is, but one thing that matters a great deal is - although I think that it's quite unlikely that there's any extant life on Mars, that's something you really want to have a very good handle on before you even start thinking about terraforming it.","Oliver Morton is the author of \"Mapping Mars: Science, Imagination And The Birth Of A World. \"And he's an editor at The Economist. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","It was a pleasure, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Terraforming Mars as a way to deal with climate change is well-known"} +{"dialogue":["Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.","Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?","The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.","Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The wage paid to certified teachers with master's degrees and 15 years of experience is not sufficient to live on."} +{"dialogue":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The numbers highlight the overrepresentation of black men between the ages of 20 and 34 in the prison or jail population."} +{"dialogue":["We've been covering the life and legacy of President George H. W. Bush today. A look now at his foreign policy; the first major foreign crisis for the U. S. after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency. In August of 1990, Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, ordered his army to invade Kuwait. The small gulf country was a major supplier of oil to the U. S. Saudi Arabia was also worried. So in December, the United States launched Operation Desert Shield. We're going to turn now to a well-traveled war correspondent, our colleague, NPR's Deborah Amos. She arrived in Saudi Arabia two days after the invasion of Kuwait and was there for the duration. Deb, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Tell us about Gulf War I. It was preceded by a lot of diplomacy, wasn't it?","Well, he - President Bush is remembered for this phrase - this will not stand, this aggression against Kuwait will not stand. Here was a leader who - he was the last president who served in World War II. He was a diplomat. But what was important about the way he embraced this war, he was proud of being prudent. You know, it's said that. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The first major foreign crisis for the U.S. after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency."} +{"dialogue":["I heard you talking to Ron about how people react - or how President Bush was reacting today, and people here who watched the speech on the Jumbotron at the restaurant where I am actually laughed at Bush's reaction shots during President Obama's speech, particularly when President Obama said America is a friend of each nation and we are ready to lead.","But other than that, people here were rapt. They sat with tears in their eyes. Couples held onto each other. They cheered through the speeches. They cheered when the Carters and Clintons came out. They even cheered when Obama's daughters were taking pictures with the camera. People here were really excited.","Would you say that there was a generational difference noticeable at all between the people who were there who responded to what they saw on the Jumbotron?","Actually, no. Where I am, people brought their children, people brought their grandparents. It was a very racially-mixed crowd, and I actually spoke to one woman. She's 64. Her name's Renee Durant(ph). She was here in 1968 during the riots. She said she was so glad to be alive to see this. Her 96-year-old father, who was in an assisted-living facility in Virginia, was watching it as well, and they were so glad to be here. Across the table from her was a white couple who brought their toddler, who was wearing an Obama T-shirt. They were equally glad to be here. It was really quite something to watch. Very emotional.","So from their standpoint, it clearly is, truly is a new day and a new way of looking at things, correct?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The crowd was emotionally invested in the event, regardless of their race or age"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think perhaps the most concrete thing here that's been agreed to involves the tariffs that were supposed to take effect on Tuesday. You know, the Trump administration has already put tariffs on a lot of the things that we import from China. They were supposed to go up on Tuesday. That will be suspended. That's the word that was used, but the tariffs that are already in place apparently will remain in place. And there are still additional tariffs that are supposed to take effect in December, and it's not really clear whether they will take effect.","Also, China has agreed to buy more agricultural products from the United States. The president said 40 to $50 billion worth. You know, farmers, of course, have been really hurt by this trade war, and the president has been really anxious to help them out.","The president and his advisers have been clear they wanted a big deal, not something piecemeal. Does this count - phase one of a big deal?","You know, I think it's progress. It means, you know, this is - phase one means there's going to be a phase two and possibly a phase three, which means there's more work to do. I mean, one of - the important thing to point out here is that, apparently, this deal isn't written down on paper yet. That has to be done over, President Trump said, the next three weeks or four weeks or five weeks. And, of course, the devil is always in the details with things like this, in trade talks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The details will be hard to work out and difficult to deal with."} +{"dialogue":["We often ignore the unevolved brain or what's sometimes called the reptilian brain. So zombies exist in the reptilian brain in the movies. And as it turns out, in the real world, humans have what we sometimes refer to as our zombie brain. And you might think about it as autopilot.","Like when you're driving the car. And you sort of zone out. And you don't even remember the way that you got to where you're going.","That's the perfect example.","And there are real-world applications for this speculation, right?Because there are murder cases where the perpetrator says that they zoned out. And there's a big debate about how conscious they were of what they were doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The reptillian brain is a person who has not been educated. Zombie brain is where people don't think about what they are doing."} +{"dialogue":["So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \"","(Singing) Do you remember The love that we once had?Well, if I had the chance to love you again, I'd make your heart forget I was ever there\u00c9","I still miss him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : You sang tribute songs instead of creating new ones."} +{"dialogue":["So every time that you have, you know, even life in a - in the House of Representatives means you need to be there. You need to deal and wheel and pork(ph) and everything. Grillo's going to be at home. So what is going to happen?His 150 MPs will go on the phone and say, Beppe, what are we going to do with this?It's ridiculous. So that's one point.","And the second point is Beppe Grillo's people and Beppe Grillo's deputies are actually younger, much younger, and I suspect much wiser and quieter than he is.","So expect some of them to say, look, we promised Italians to change this country, we're going to do that. And so they already proved that in Bologna, where I am, actually. It's - they've been successfully here in Emilia-Romagna. They were successfully in Parma and in Sicily. They cut deals all the time, American style, really cutting deals on the legislative floor without the parties, and they were very successful.","Well, you've said what you thought should happen. What's your best guess as to what you think will happen?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They mention that the House of Representatives done everything in their power to make sure they needs are met. "} +{"dialogue":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"How can you follow up with this?\" - This is a literal question about how the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication can continue to conduct new polls on the topic."} +{"dialogue":["Well, first of all, you have to question your decision as to whether or not you're at the end of the road. You're in the road if somebody's hitting on you, no doubt about it, you're at the end of the road. But you have to really question, am I at the end of the road?Or am I just at the beginning of a road where I need help. You need to go to a marriage counselor to make sure that decision needs to be made.","In this current economic situation where houses have lost value, I mean, it's unique in that sense, sometimes, and that's usually the biggest asset that anybody has, that has, and there's been a study done on it recently, compelled people who would otherwise divorce to stay together. So once you have, made a decision that economically, it is not feasible, you have to make it emotionally reasonable, and you have to do something to address the emotional issues that you have because you simply cannot get out.","If you just had one sentence of advice for someone who really does think that they've reached the end of the road, but the other person in the relationship says no, we haven't. What would you say to that person?","Go to a marriage counselor. Go to a third party and work it because you don't know where it went wrong, probably."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The road is a metaphor, not literal. It refers to the path a people take from a happy marriage to needing divorce. End of the road is the latter."} +{"dialogue":["Now, how does Ukraine come in?","It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.","And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.","So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Information on the internet is passed from person to person quickly. The man did some work for an organization where people think of solutions to problems."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I think what's really interesting is that when you look at the team that won four years ago, part of why they won was that they had a very strong defense. They went 540 minutes, several games without conceding a goal, whereas this U. S. team comes into this tournament having actually conceded a lot of goals when they play good competition.","So what the U. S. is doing right now is kind of focusing on the attack. They have a lot of really strong attacking pieces. Players like Alex Morgan can score a lot of goals. So I think that's kind of their game plan is just outscore their opponents even if they end up conceding some goals this time around.","And we mentioned that they're battling on a number of fronts, not just on the pitch, that this lawsuit against U. S. Soccer was filed three months ago. Can you tell us a little bit more about the underlying complaint?What is it that the players are alleging?","Yeah. So the players have filed a lawsuit alleging institutionalised gender discrimination. And there are sort of two pieces to it. The easiest piece to understand is the non-compensation issues. So it's things like the women alleging that U. S. Soccer has been flying the men's team to games on charter flights, whereas the women have had to fly on commercial flights - having the men play most of their - almost all of their games on natural grass, whereas the women have had to play a significant portion of their games on artificial turf. And players say that artificial turf is more harsh on their bodies, harder to recover from."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The U.S. team's strategy is to score more goals than their opponents, even if they also concede some."} +{"dialogue":["That's so well-said. That's been a really big part of this. You know, we offer so much to our students. And we're members of our community. And we're not asking for the moon. We really just want to feel like we're also taken care of so that we can continue to take care of other people. And in order to really provide the service that we're providing, we need some basic security and some basic rights.","That's Markella Los. She's a yoga instructor for YogaWorks in New York City, and she's part of the push to unionize yoga instructors there. Markella, thank you.","Thank you so much.","We reached out to YogaWorks for a comment, but the company has yet to respond."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items."} +{"dialogue":["Would it be ethical to do this, you know, some of this work in humans?Would it take away some of the stigma about using embryonic stem cells?","Well, there's a whole lot of issues to consider in that I think a lot of people are going to have to involved in working through and thinking about under what circumstances it would be permissible to use this kind of approach in humans if the science really supports the idea that this kind of approach could generate cells that look like eggs from human pluripotent stem cells. I think the two key factors, I mean one key factor is that you would want to do this in the context of an effort, you know, for in vitro fertilization, in the course of reproduction rather than just generating embryos for the sake of research by fertilization.","And secondly, you would only want to go forward, I think, if you were sure enough from the preliminary studies that the eggs really looked healthy and normal and really felt like they had a chance of giving rise to successful pregnancies because you wouldn't want to engage in in vitro fertilization with a patient if there really wasn't much chance of having a successful pregnancy.","Is there any reason - going the opposite direction of thought, is there any reason to believe this would not work in humans?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Ethical and scientific considerations need to be taken into account before using embryonic stem cells in humans for generating cells that look like eggs."} +{"dialogue":["And we actually have a link to how to take the test up on our website at sciencefriday. com. People can try it out for themselves. What other things can you measure with this test besides bias in that way?","It's been very useful in measuring gender stereotypes. For example, it shows that there are strong stereotypes that associate male with science, female with arts, and we found that this is correlated with different countries. The strength of this implicit stereotype, is what we call it, predicts male-female differences in performance on standardized tests that are administered every few years.","There's a gender career stereotype that associates women with family, men with careers, and you'd think that this is something that men would show, but women would reject. Actually, the implicit association test shows that women have this stereotype, this implicit stereotype, even a little more strongly than men. And we found in research, others have found in research, that this stereotype is associated with women experiencing difficulty in the workplace.","It's sort of a force inside their head that gives them a source of conflict or a feeling of discomfort in career situations.","Speaking of inside your head, can you tell anything about people's mental health from the test?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Women have an implicit gender career stereotype associating them with family which contributes to their difficulties in the workplace."} +{"dialogue":["We're getting a rare inside view of a massive Taliban attack in Afghanistan earlier this month. In that assault, the Taliban nearly succeeded in seizing control of a key provincial capital - city of Ghazni, about 90 miles from the Afghan capital, Kabul. In a matter of days, the Taliban offensive was halted, but the death toll and destruction were immense. Hundreds of Afghan civilians, police officers and soldiers were killed. U. S. Special Forces and Army played a key role in crushing the attack. Nine of them were hurt - among them, two who sustained what will be lifelong injuries. Time magazine correspondent William Hennigan was reporting in Afghanistan at the time and was allowed to travel with the Green Berets to Ghazni. They had gotten a call that several Afghan helicopters were down. And they headed out to secure the area.","As they approached the city overnight, they were seeing that the city of Ghazni was on fire. And they knew that they had quite a fighting force to go up against. And the signs were readily apparent. Aside from the great fire that was burning in front of them, there was craters, IEDs, trucks that were standing like tombstones in the middle of the road. So the ODA had to muscle their way around these vehicles in order to push through to the city.","The ODA being the Green Beret unit.","That's correct. And while they're doing that, in comes mortar fire and RPGs and AK-47 fire. So it was not only a difficult task to punch into the city. It was also quite deadly because of the ambush that they had walked into."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They used ammunition to make their way into the city."} +{"dialogue":["And so - like, for instance, sly, when a person is sly like a fox. There's a Scottish word called slicket(ph), which I love, you know. It's sleek, oily. Slicket - I couldn't vote for him. He's got slicket eyes.","That's nice.","You know, and so I refuse to change it. But I'd rather explain it to you than change it, you know. And Scotland has such lovely words, too, like a turkey, for instance, it's a bubbly jock.","Bubbly jock?I've not heard that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The reason why he couldn't vote for him couldn't be because he got a slicket eyes"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah,. It's really amazing, yeah. It turns out he was, you know, an avid, you know, layperson but had great interest in butterflies and how they evolve and so on. And he suggested that butterflies moved in certain ways from between Asia and Europe and so on. And just about a couple of years ago scientists discovered that, you know, what he suggested is actually correct.","And how did he come up with that idea?I mean, was it based on fact?","He was really following - yeah, yeah. He was following, you know, the butterflies and, you know, and where - what kinds of species you find where and so on. He was really very interested and very knowledgeable in butterflies.","Mm-hmm. OK. Let's move on to another famous guy: Lord Kelvin. Tell us who Lord Kelvin was and what his big blunder was."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He was a person that was not a scientist but had an interest in butterflies."} +{"dialogue":["If I hear you right, you're saying the process worked. Somebody who thought they saw behavior - not - I'm not asking you to characterize it - but thought they saw behavior that they were uncomfortable with or that crossed a line - that they were able to report it through the proper channels. It maybe took a little while, but it has reached the people it was intended to reach.","That would be correct. As a whistleblower fan, I think the process worked the right way.","Given that, can you speak to the delay that it took to reach the intelligence committees?The DNI knew about this for a while, and it wasn't reported.","Yeah, unfortunately, I would not have optic to that, which is a good reason because I think the individuals that are in the center of that circle need to remain small and precise in - to protect the whistleblower."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept."} +{"dialogue":["It's really - it's really unlike any other church in the city and, you know, very, very few in Europe. It's not simply a church. It's almost like stepping into a kind of medieval marketplace inside. It's enormous. It's - there's always a hurly burly. And there's always a - you know, numerous things going on in there.","Well, now, we were seeing reports that officials are saying the fire might be connected to the renovation work going on in there. You've reported on the renovations for Time. What kind of shape was the cathedral in before this fire?","Well, you know, for years they have been saying that the church was in terrible shape. And in fact, church officials had taken me up onto the roof not that long ago, when I was reporting this for Time, to show me how pieces of the building were simply dropping off. They described the gargoyles, the medieval faces on the side of the church, as being like ice cream melting in the sun. They would simply, like, drop away. The church had no money to replace them or restore them. And so they were using, like, PVC pipes to just, you know, stick on the side of the walls where the gargoyles had been. And. . .","Oh, my goodness, wow. I mean, Notre Dame is one of the most iconic symbols of Paris. Can you talk about the cultural significance of this cathedral for France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The church is unique and busy, unlike any other church in the city and very few in Europe."} +{"dialogue":["But you're reporting the car companies don't want this to end up in the courts. How come?","So it takes a long time to bring a car to market. It takes five years to introduce a new product for these automakers. So they're planning years in advance. If you know what the regulations are going to be in five years, you can make decisions about what kinds of cars you want to bring to market.","If you don't know because it's up in the air and a judge could issue a ruling at any time that will change the regulation of your entire industry, then there's a lot of uncertainty. So even some carmakers who, again, were kind of skeptical about the original rules are really adamant now that they definitely don't want this feud, this back-and-forth, to continue.","They just want clarity. NPR's Camila Domonoske, thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Car companies want to know the future regulations to plan ahead"} +{"dialogue":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The gerrymandering and census cases before the Supreme Court would allow Republicans to increase their political power."} +{"dialogue":["We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do.","Yeah, we've got $2. 1 trillion in non-prime mortgages about to reset in the next 18 months. Many of which will go into foreclosure unless there is a mechanism for those homeowners who could meet obligations to renegotiate with their lenders. And there was a bubble in the housing market that's going to be deflated. But the question is, are we going to go off a cliff?Or is there going to be a gradual decline and then the settling down and that's what we hope to achieve.","Democratic California Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The housing market bubble will burst and we hope for a gradual decline."} +{"dialogue":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Genetically-based intelligence decline is so slow that it cannot be detected within existing generations"} +{"dialogue":["OK.","Lots of people have them. It's not open-heart surgery. Stents are often put in through the wrist these days. So - yes, so it's not super invasive. And people can go back to work if they choose after this procedure in just a few days, even a couple of days.","I'm trying to think back to what I know about Bernie Sanders' health generally and his past health history. Has he had any kind of signs of heart trouble?","I mean, what we do know is that as of January 2016, when he was campaigning last time, his doctor wrote a letter. The campaign put it out. And the letter said that Sanders had no history of cardiovascular disease at that time. He also had a normal EKG. So right back then, he seemed healthy heart-wise. Now, people may remember recently he canceled some other events after that last debate. That was very minor. He was recovering from a hoarse voice, his campaign said. This is very different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's not an extremely hard and complicated procedure to perform."} +{"dialogue":["It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.","All right, Dr. Greenwald, thank you very much.","Thank you, Ira.","Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The dissociation between conscious egalitarian beliefs and unconscious biased behaviour is a common phenomenon in people."} +{"dialogue":["And in the end, what has speech enabled us to do as a species?","It's enabled us to think up strategies to head off what you think might be about to happen, and the strategies depend upon memory. And speech is a fantastic memory device. There's absolutely nothing like it, and I think it's time for people who are interested in evolution to say that the theory of evolution applies only - only to animals.","Tom Wolfe - his book - \"The Kingdom Of Speech. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you very, very much for having me, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations."} +{"dialogue":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The court may not intervene in executive legislative disputes."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter) Yes, they. . .","That's my pirate.","That was very impressive. I was whisked back to the Caribbean. But we should honor pirates for being pioneers of workers' rights. They were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy. They elected the captains democratically. There was profit-sharing agreements.","And the pirates even had an early version of workers' comp. So some of the pirate booty would go into a common fund to repay the pirates who had lost limbs or eyes. So those peg legs and hooks, they were subsidized. And by the way, I was going to make an argh-bitration joke, but you beat me to it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Pirates were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy"} +{"dialogue":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another."} +{"dialogue":["A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.","Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.","(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.","Pussy Riot."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The policeman wishes he could execute Pussy Riot members."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks very much, Sacha.","In her remarks, Ambassador Yovanovitch claims she was told that President Trump had lost confidence in her abilities and there was, quote, \"a concerted campaign against me and that the department had been under pressure from the president to remove me since the summer of 2018. \"Would you share your thoughts on her claim that the president targeted her before releasing her from the post?","It's an unusual situation for an American ambassador to be removed in any case. It doesn't happen very often. But this is a particularly important case because her central charge in her statement yesterday was that private individuals working with Rudy Giuliani had essentially circumvented her embassy and her position in Ukraine. They'd gone to the White House to make complaints about her that were totally unsubstantiated because she was standing up against corruption in Ukraine. The central point she made yesterday is that government really suffers and our country suffers when private individuals operating for private gain circumvent what is clearly in the interests of the United States.","For anyone who might argue that since the State Department is under the executive branch, the president should be able to fire and hire whomever he wants for whatever reason, how do you feel about that argument?","We serve at the pleasure of the president, so the president, of course, has the right to fire an ambassador. But we're a democratic country, and we're a country of laws. You don't fire an ambassador who is completely innocent. And to have this campaign launched against her, a 33-year veteran of the American Foreign Service - she served her country exceptionally well. I know her."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president insulted her before releasing her from her job."} +{"dialogue":["Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America.","Hudson says the idea of a smaller bank, where you can actually talk face-to-face with the CEO, is starting to have a lot more appeal. As I sat in Paul Hudson's bank, where quotes by Langston Hughes and Frederick Douglass are painted on the walls, where there is no bulletproof glass, it made a lot of sense to me.","Most people have no relationship with their bank. It's the most impersonal relationship they have. I think that's probably why people are so stressed out about what's going on because it's almost like their world order has been disrupted. The way they thought the world rolled is not the way. So now, they're saying, well, if Merrill Lynch isn't safe, what is safe?You know, is anything safe?","Broadway Federal Bank's Paul Hudson says his bank may not have ATMs in every corner of the country, but what he can offer customers is the security of knowing they won't be needing a bailout anytime soon."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The current financial situation has disrupted people's sense of security."} +{"dialogue":["Well, self-employed people are often other people's discretionary spending. In other words, if I'm cutting back, and I had a trainer who was coming to my house three times a week, maybe now she's coming in twice or once. That hits her bottom line. So we know that, essentially, self-employed people, if they're discretionary spending, are going to be on the front line.","The message for them is to diversify your portfolio to make sure that now, if you're counting on one person, let's get three lined up. Let's be more flexible. Let's deal with issues about how you might provide different kinds of payment schedules and other kinds of things.","But self-employed people, whether they're personal services, which we've just talked about, whether they're business services, the people who do the graphics artwork, who do the editing and other things, they're going to have to dance on a dime. Because, basically, when people start cutting budgets they're the easiest ones to cut.","Now if you're self-employed - and there are many people who have started, you know, any number of businesses - if you're self-employed, either like you said, doing personal services or running a small business with other employees who work for you, what can you do to sure yourself up financially?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Self-employed people must be adaptable in budget cuts"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.",". . . Household where they can do a little more with their income.","So what kind of minimum wage jobs are we talking about?","So we find a lot of our families do have the fast-food restaurant jobs. But we do have families that also have certified nursing assistants. We have nurses on our program. We have families with professional jobs. They're moving up. But we do see a lot of the fast-food restaurant, airport low-paying jobs at this time.","Is there advice you'd give the federal government about a jobs requirement program?","I think introducing a minimum work requirement may be a good option in the long run, but you have to take it slow. You can't just roll it out, say I - we want to do this today and roll it out tomorrow. We will impact families tremendously. We may increase homelessness because this becomes a substantial burden on families, especially our low-income families. We would definitely have a social problem in this country if we rolled it out all at once."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Many families in the program have low-paying jobs like fast-food restaurant and airport jobs."} +{"dialogue":["More than two million homes were in foreclosure by the end of last year and that has left entire neighborhoods practically abandoned. Some homes have been vandalized, used as drug dens, swimming pools become fetid, and lawns choked with weeds. Cathy Cardenas has a solution to that. She wants to make some money too. She's the owner of a new company called Designer Home Tending and she joins us now from Salt Lake City. What is Designer Home Tending?","Well, Designer Home Tending is a completely no-cost service that we offer to real estate agents and their sellers. We put qualified home tenders in a home to clean it up, bring life back into the property, and this most of time helps the house sell a lot faster than it would just sitting vacant.","What's a home tender?","A home tender is a person who moves into a house, they manage the property, they move into it, they have to have beautiful furniture, they decorate it like a model home, they take care of all the lawn maintenance, getting to weeds down. They care for the outside of the house for - they pay the utilities, cooperate for real estate showing. So it's nice because it gives them instant relief to the sellers who were already circling hard enough just to make their mortgage payment. And then to have all these other - to be relieved of these other expenses is a great service, and by having a home tender there's definitely been proven that the house would sell 40 to 60 percent faster most\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Lawns were not choked but had a vast amount of weeds in them that was killing the grass."} +{"dialogue":["I mean there's no logic to what he does. There's no way to anticipate what he's going to do. Often, what he ends up doing defies logic, defies everybody's expectations, defies explanation.","When you hear this from people who've been around the president, is there a but anywhere?Do they say, I love this man, but?","There used to be. Remember - so I've done - this is my second book. This is effectively a sequel. I've spent the last three years pretty much non-stop talking about Donald Trump. And there used to be buts. There are no buts now. I might make a reservation for some of the most sycophantic people around him. But even they, if you push them a little, get to the vile and ludicrous pretty quickly.","I'm thinking of a description attributed to a former senior White House official, Steve Bannon, describing the president the United States and the president of Russia, Putin and Trump, quote, \"two narcissistic, cult leader-type presidents. Both had populist talents, yet both were ultimately out for their own benefit. \"And then a key line here, I think - of the two, Putin was the far cleverer one. It sounds like even Steve Bannon, who did so much to promote the president's career, doesn't seem to think he's very bright."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Even people who are sycophantic towards the president eventually admit his flaws"} +{"dialogue":["It may be, except that the month of May had largely passed before the latest round of trade threats began. So these numbers appear to have more to do with where the overall economy stands after roughly a decade of expansion. We're well into the late stage of the cycle. And some degree of slowdown may be expected. Still, the weak jobs numbers highlighted the dangers of more trade war at this moment.","Impeachment continues a kind of slow roll. Now, you've made the distinction between an impeachment inquiry and actual impeachment proceedings. I wonder if this distinction is lost on many of the American people as they respond to public opinion polls. I mean, Senator Pelosi - or Speaker Pelosi said this week she thinks a lot of people think that impeachment means removing the president from office. Of course, it doesn't.","It doesn't unless the Senate goes along, and you're right. It's a tough issue to poll in part because of that misimpression. And as we have said before, the percentage that favor impeachment as they understand it is well under half. And in fact, it's lower than it was back in September. And the number of House members who favor impeachment has grown. It's up around 60, but that's still only about a quarter of the total Democratic caucus. So this is less a broad mandate from the people than it is a rallying cry for the activist core.","NPR, the PBS NewsHour and Marist organization polled the views of Americans on abortion, and there are both lots of nuance but also some clear generalities, aren't there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The weak jobs numbers highlight the dangers of more trade war."} +{"dialogue":["So the motive question remains fuzzy at this point. We might learn more about that later. In terms of what weapons he used, it was a . 45 caliber handgun. And he had with him several extended ammunition magazines and this device called a sound suppressor. And, you know, he entered the building using his city-issued ID, just using his swipe badge. And officials said, you know, he had done that very act, you know, every single workday for the previous 15 years. He was a longtime employee of the city.","And what will be going on this weekend, Bobby?","So there's going to be a number of memorials families of the victims will be planning here in Virginia Beach. And, you know, I have to say that city officials are talking about really bolstering services for the families who are grieving, who are going to be dealing with the turmoil that is now part of their life for quite some time. And, you know, the city manager told reporters earlier that in just, you know, less than 24 hours since the shooting happened, people have been pouring support into the families in terms of money, in terms of food, in terms of even bringing support dogs that might take their mind off the tragedy for a little bit. So already, he was saying, that the community is rising up in the wake of this terrible tragedy.","NPR's Bobby Allyn in Virginia Beach, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was."} +{"dialogue":["My parents are actually still in Khartoum. We're lucky that they are among the few whose mobile phones still work. There's been a widespread outrage. It just sounds incredibly scary that the city is in a state of paralysis. Activist groups have called for a general strike, and people seem to be sticking to it. Roads are closed off.","And what makes this particularly terrifying is it's not even really the armed forces that people are clashing with. It's a specific paramilitary segment that was regularized as part of the armed forces but used to be an out-of-control militia in Darfur - the Janjaweed militias, the Rapid Support Forces. And that's what's scaring people is that this isn't even a regular force that's taken control of the town.","This means the military is fracturing?I mean, we should say all this happened after protesters demanded the ouster of President Omar al-Bashir. And military there is now in charge of Sudan, but what you are describing is that there is no cohesive military either. Right?","Absolutely. The military as a token is in charge. The head of the military council is a general. But the second in command is head of these forces, the Rapid Support Forces. And everyone I've spoken to on the ground says those are the people that are on the streets. All the videos that we've been sent by eyewitnesses, from the citizens show that it was Rapid Support Force guards that charged the sit-in. And it's incredibly chilling because this is a militia that was accused of war crimes in Darfur. And to have them control the ground in the capital of Sudan is very scary for people right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The paramilitary forces are in control and people are scared"} +{"dialogue":["It's hard. It is really hard when every time you look up, three kids killed here, four people shot here, somebody getting killed right down the street, right around the corner. It's kind of discouraging sometimes trying to do as much as you can with the resources that you do have.","Boy, I mean, I think a lot of people listening, well, will be very moved, but, I mean, some of them have to be saying, wait a minute. The president of the United States is from the South Side. Don't people look up to him?","I definitely look up to Obama. Obama's a great guy. I never forget - March 31 I wrote the president. You know, I'm from your city, and we're dying down here every day. What are you doing up there to stop what's happening to us down here?And he wrote me back, a little girl in a little basement apartment in Englewood. He wrote me back.","I was able to use that letter to inspire the people that live in this neighborhood like me. Don't ever stop trying. And it just goes back to the movement. No matter how hard things get, no matter every day and I'll wake up and I look at the news and more people have been killed, more people have been shot, that just shows me that I still have work to do."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People are expecting the President to come up with solutions to address the issues in the South Side."} +{"dialogue":["Cheryl, I understand there'll be a meeting there later on this afternoon. Who is expected to be there?","Well, officials of the now-closed Republic Windows and Doors are going to be there, along with union representatives, as well as representatives of Bank of America, the bank which canceled funding for this place, and Congressman Luis Gutierrez, who has been spearheading a lot of the negotiations. So that's what's going to be happening this afternoon.","NPR's Cheryl Corley speaking to us from the Republic Windows and Doors factory in Chicago. Thank you, Cheryl.","You're quite welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : spearheading refers to leading or to initiates an activity such as the negotiations "} +{"dialogue":["We have frozen nonessential travel. We've frozen nonessential hiring. And we've also given all of our staff - 2,500 of them across the state - a 60-day notice of a furlough - that is unpaid leave time - to be taken sometime during the fiscal year.","You have asked state legislators to intervene. Have they, and are you optimistic it might make a difference?","It's going to be a very heavy lift in that overriding the veto requires three quarters of the legislature in combined session. So 45 of Alaska's 60 legislators need to override the veto.","The governor's argument is that these cuts are, A, necessary for the budget and, B, that they would allow the University of Alaska to be - and I'll quote him - \"smaller, leaner but still very, very positive and a productive university. \"If I'm hearing you right, you are not in agreement."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The travel has not been frozen in the sense of encased in ice - it has just been suspended, metaphorically. "} +{"dialogue":["Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?","I think it casts a huge shadow over the White House. I think it's very serious. I want Congress to conduct full oversight on it. And I think we need to look at it. I think Congress and I think Republicans and Democrats have a duty, no matter who's in the White House, to ask tough questions, and the president can push back when they think they overreach.","Finally, with the president calling this a hoax and a scam, do you think that is wise?","Well, I - you know, I'm not going to comment on every description the president. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public."} +{"dialogue":["That's right. It has a huge box that they call the LiDAR machine which basically can pierce through the jungle's foliage and map whatsoever on the ground underneath.","And this LiDAR machine can penetrate even triple canopy rainforest.","It's absolutely incredible. It strips it out completely. And you can actually see something as small as a meter on a side, sitting on the ground underneath this incredibly dense rainforest.","And this rainforest, it turns out even sites that had been discovered by archeologists before that the LiDAR technique from the air found vastly more than the archeologists ever suspected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The machine can read images under the jungle foliage."} +{"dialogue":["You know, one of the things - you know, getting back to your book, \"The National Team\" - one of the things that your book makes clear and what some people frankly might find shocking is just how early these issues started for women's soccer. I mean, there's something almost like on every other page about this. I'll just read one one paragraph. (Reading) While each player on the men's team got a $10,000 bonus for qualifying for the 1990 World Cup, the women received only a couple of T-shirts for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup. The shirts featured the logo of Budweiser, a U. S. Soccer sponsor. The players sarcastically call them their $5,000 T-shirts.","(Laughter).","OK. I just, you know - how has this been justified through the years?","You have to admire the sense of humor that the players had about it. You know, I think it would be unfair to sit here and say that it hasn't improved. But U. S. Soccer - the women's national team started in 1985. The players were given uniforms that were clearly, like, leftover men's uniforms. And?The players before the first ever U. S. Women's National Team game were up the night before sewing and cutting their uniforms so they would fit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The female players were not given proper uniforms, showing the lack of resources and support for the female national team."} +{"dialogue":["A judge on Friday, before his disappearance, had slapped him with a half-million-dollar judgment in relation to some of his previous business dealings. His wife had filed for divorce. His stepfather had also been buried on the same day that the judgment came down.","Mr. Schrenker is from Indiana. His plane crashed in Florida. He landed in your state, Alabama. Where exactly will he face charges?","He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S. attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.","Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Coast Guard will charge Mr. Schrenker for making a false distress call, and he will have to pay for the cost of the search."} +{"dialogue":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Supreme Court is perceived as a partisan institution despite their efforts to appear apolitical."} +{"dialogue":["FLDS has been accused of forcing underage girls to marry adult men. For more, we turned to Salt Lake Tribune reporter Brooke Adams, and, Brooke, many people likely remember this story. Hundreds of children were removed from the ranch in April. And later on, they were returned to their family. When did that happen and why?","They were returned to their families in June - actually on June 2nd after first the Texas Court of Appeals and then the Texas Supreme Court ruled that a San Angelo judge didn't have enough evidence to hold all of them in custody.","And so they went back to their families. You wrote about a new report that was released just last week. There was a commission that reported on FLDS. What were some of their key findings?","The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services found that there were 12 young girls ranging in age from 12 to 15 who had been married to older men. It's unclear from the report whether all of those marriages took place at the ranch, but that's where they found the evidence for that. And of those 12 girls, seven of them have had children, which is interesting. The girls now range in age from 14 to 18, so many of them are still minors. The youngest of those girls, I will say, however, have not had children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The courts did not have enough evidence to hold the children in custody."} +{"dialogue":["It's always the fights inside the family that can get rough. Things got rough this week in the Democratic Party after freshman Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota made more remarks many saw as anti-Semitic. The House finally passed an anti-hate resolution condemning anti-Semitism and - well, a lot of things, I think, including dandruff. Did it solve or aggravate divisions?Susan Davis, NPR congressional correspondent, joins us. Sue, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Everything better now?","(Laughter) Well, every Democrat in the end did vote for the resolution, so they were unified in the end, but it certainly did provide a roadmap for the kind of divisions we might see going forward."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach."} +{"dialogue":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The photograph had a strong emotional impact on me"} +{"dialogue":["And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.","Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.","Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?","He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Playing catcher is a dangerous position that can cause permanent physical harm."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.","You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.","All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled \"Midsummer. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : her stories were not what people were usually reading and the topics of them were not what was normally talked about."} +{"dialogue":["A busy week at the U. S. Federal Reserve. The central bank announced it would end its stimulus program after six years. And later in the week, the Fed's chair, Janet Yellen, gave a speech about diversity in the field of economics. She said the profession, which seems to be dominated by white men, would benefit from a wider variety of viewpoints and pointed to what she called a leaky pipeline that's prevented women and minorities from making it into the top ranks of academia. We're joined now in our studios by labor economist Julianne Malveaux. Dr. Malveaux, thanks very much for being with us.","DR. JULIANNE MALVEAUX: It's absolutely a pleasure. Thank you, Scott.","What do you make of that leaky pipeline analogy?","It's absolutely the case. When you look at the research from the past, white males were the norm. It was not until the '70s that folks like Janet Yellen and others introduced women into, essentially, the research - just the research. I think that some of my work and others began to introduce black women, but by and large you're talking a white male space."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) -- Dr. Malveaux is expressing her pleasure at being invited to the show. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .","Right.",". . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.","Well, we wish you good luck, Dr. Braam."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are under control of the plant's internal system that is regulated by light and seasons."} +{"dialogue":["What do we know about the synagogue and the surrounding community of Squirrel Hill?","Well, the Saturday service at this synagogue usually starts at about 9:45 a. m. It's a conservative congregation. According to the synagogue's website, Rabbi Jeffrey Myers leads at Saturday's service on most weekends. He's written about gun control before. In July, he posted an essay to the congregation's website, to the synagogue's website, where he said, despite continuous calls for sensible gun control, our elected leaders in Washington knew that it would fade away in time. He says that he was afraid that the status quo on gun control would remain unchanged and shootings would continue. He also lamented that he felt he had to include in his daily morning prayers that God should watch over his wife and daughter and teachers to keep them safe.","President Trump has weighed in on events, hasn't he?","He has. President Trump tweeted this morning that he is watching the events unfold in Pittsburgh, and he warned people to stay away from the area. And he said it looked like there would be multiple fatalities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Rabbi is afraid of gun violence and shootings."} +{"dialogue":["Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?","We've met.","I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.","Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do."} +{"dialogue":["Today, Turkey formally requested NATO to deploy Patriot missiles on the border with Syria. And while the new anti-government coalition wins friends in foreign capitals, it gets a mixed reception from rebel groups inside Syria. NPR correspondent Deborah Amos joins us now by Skype from southern Turkey. And Deborah, always good to talk with you.","Thank you, Neal. Glad to be here.","And some European nations are already considering Turkey's Patriot missile request. If fulfilled, will that effectively establish a no-fly zone over parts of - over northern Syria?","NATO officials are downplaying the no-fly zone aspect of this. But there is no doubt that if there are Patriot missiles on the border, the Syrian air force will think twice about bombing any city close to that border. That is already happening on this - on the Turkish border. There are towns now that are under the umbrella of Turkey."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The presence of Patriot missiles on the border will deter the Syrian air force from bombing cities close to the border."} +{"dialogue":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S. to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"Modern gentleman\" is used figuratively to describe a brand's image or style, rather than a literal definition of a man who is modern and well-mannered."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : China is willing to support North Korea's terrible regime to prevent its collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue"} +{"dialogue":["They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?","So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.","It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.","How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The students feel pressure to conform and not be different from their peers."} +{"dialogue":["In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.","And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.","Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.","Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Onderon is a city known for its ivory carving and exporting, which contributes to the illegal ivory trade."} +{"dialogue":["I think the major difference from the time you were here is that then we were experiencing shortages, but as we speak right now, there is nothing on the shops here. People also surviving on imports, that is the food that people are surviving on is direct imports by the citizens themselves from South Africa from Botswana. And most of the families that are also surviving from their kid's work - seeking economic refugee in those countries and give them to (unintelligible) of Africa. Pay taxes affected the livelihoods of the people involved. As we speak especially with the finding of food distribution by NGOs, we will Zimbabwe is heading towards Somalia. People starve of hunger. There's no food for people to buy even in the stores, that means that people don't have money, but if they had money there is nothing to buy.","Do you plan to vote even though the MDC has dropped out on Friday?","Well, voting on Friday means I'll be legitimizing an illegitimate process. I'll be saying what, even if I don't want from Mugabe, but the outcome of that election will be a reflection of the people in Zimbabwe.","Are you hopeful that someone, I mean the U. N. Security Council has heard arguments from the U. S. and Britain, different countries and coalitions of African leaders have tried to make statements, but statements have not so far changed things. What would help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite the presence of goods in shops, people are still starving due to lack of money and high taxes."} +{"dialogue":["What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?","O'NEILL: \"I Can't Make You Love Me. \"","(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .","Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The song title is \"I Can't Make You Love Me\""} +{"dialogue":["One of the points that you make in the book is that there were always competitors to Boas' ideas. In fact, one of his sort of chief antagonists was a person named Grant. What's. . .","Madison Grant, yeah.","Madison Grant, who actually created some of the institutions which continue to survive today as anti-immigrant think tanks.","That's right. On the one hand, Madison Grant - you know, we owe the survival of the American bison to him. We owe so many of the great conservation institutions to him and conservation areas in the American West to him. But he at the same time believed deeply that what he was seeing in New York - he was from New York, living in New York - was the same thing he had experienced in traveling through the American West - that is, he understood what it was like when noble creatures could suddenly be brought down by invading species or their environment changing, and suddenly, the bison, the elk, the wolf were in danger."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : on the one hand refers to one argument a person might have, or an opinion"} +{"dialogue":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They are not literally bulldozers, but they move like them."} +{"dialogue":["What do your members want?","Well, they want the right to sit down and negotiate their terms and conditions of employment with the university. And just like any other workers, they have serious concerns about the way they're paid, how much they're paid, what their benefits are and how they resolve problems on the job. So these workers, you know, see an advantage to having the opportunity to sit down as equals at the bargaining table.","It sounds like they want more money and more benefits?","Well, certainly, those are key issues. But they're not the entire set of issues that they have, you know?There have been longstanding problems at the university in, you know, getting paid on time, getting ability to resolve a problem with your supervisor, dealing with issues of sexual harassment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The workers are looking for more than just monetary benefits and want to ensure they are being treated fairly and have the right to negotiate their terms."} +{"dialogue":["Non-binary meaning they don't identify as male or female. They and many other English speakers have been using they like this for years. Here, Emily Brewster will use it in a sentence.","Here is my friend J. They will be joining us for dinner. The they is referring to this individual who is standing right here.","Now, there's been criticism of this usage - some by those who don't understand why someone might identify as non-binary but also by those who are put off by this change in grammar. They - the critics - say it's confusing to hear they are in a sentence if the speaker is only referring to one person. But our word expert disagrees. Brewster says we already do this with another pronoun.","The word you was originally a plural pronoun, and in the 14th century, it started to slide toward this use of being both plural and singular. And so when I am speaking to you, an individual, a single person, I say you are. I don't say you is. The you are is grammatical."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The usage of the word started to become used as singular and plural."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : My experience with my level of confidence has been a bit of a roller coaster ride. I started out quite shy and timid, but over time I have been able to gain more and more confidence. I have found that the more I put myself out there and take risks, the more confident I become. I have been involved in activities such as public speaking, volunteering, and even starting my own business, which has all helped to boost my confidence. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?","Well, the most significant problems are in the industrial Midwest. As we all know, the auto industry is having a great deal of difficulty, and layoffs have been very severe. Also, in parts of the country where the housing market has been hit hard - California, Florida, Arizona, Nevada - there, too, employment has fallen, unemployment has risen.","And which areas are seeing the lowest unemployment numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in various metropolitan areas."} +{"dialogue":["It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.","It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.","(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.","And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : She was a remarkable and iconic figure who would still be celebrated today."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks so much for having me, Farai.","So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?","We're talking about a tremendous amount of money that's being spent nationally and by the individual states, at least 55 billion dollars a year spent on our prison system, on every conceivable aspect of it. And the numbers are absolutely astonishing, as you mentioned.","Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about the cost of prisons."} +{"dialogue":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits."} +{"dialogue":["This is News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","For decades, the Big Three auto companies have been an integral part of the U. S. economy. Now those companies are struggling to survive and pleading for a federal bailout. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have until Tuesday to submit a restructuring plan to Congress. For more, we've got Jerome Vaughn. He's the news program director for WDET in Detroit, Michigan. Jerome, great to have you back on the show.","Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The federal government is hesitant to provide financial assistance to the struggling auto industry."} +{"dialogue":["And what's your budget been?","Our budget is around $130,000. And that might sound like a lot, but it's a lot - it's way, way cheaper than, you know, most space programs.","SpaceX probably spends that on lunch.","Sounds about right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : SpaceX spends a lot of money on their projects"} +{"dialogue":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) Put a thumb on the scale: to take deliberate and unfair steps to influence the outcome of a situation."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : You don't like the topic and think it is a joke, not related to Wall Street."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we make them act like Trojan horses. One of the innate abilities they have is that for some reason they just chase these very difficult-to-reach migratory cancer cells in human brain. And because of this innate ability, we can then load them with these, you know, Greek soldiers, as you said in the introduction, in this case as a way of killing brain cancer cells, and they reach, they get these cancer cells. And in our experimental studies, at least in an in-vitro study, they seem to have a very good efficacy.","Is this in mice?Are you doing this in mice?","Well, we - the paper that we publish right now is all in-vitro, and it was a proof of principle that we can get these cells from human fat. And the series of experiments that we're doing in the laboratory right now are precisely in rodents, in mice.","Mm-hmm. And they're able to cross that blood-brain barrier and go into the brain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Not actually trojan horses or Greek soldiers, just cells that enter the body with a different purpose than what they originally have "} +{"dialogue":["It's actually rotting their bones from the inside.","It's rotting. Yeah.","I suppose worth noting - the - these were young women at the time that they were employed working in factories. Not. . .","Teenagers, many of them. Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The young women working in factories were suffering a lot due to the unhealthy environment."} +{"dialogue":["And obviously, Florida is a very important state. It's no coincidence he's kicking off his campaign there. Where else do you expect to see President Trump in the months ahead?","So he'll be back in Florida; we know that for sure. It's a key state in that he isn't president without winning Florida, and he needs it for re-election. But you can also expect to see him in those other states that he won very narrowly in the upper Midwest - Wisconsin, Michigan. And the campaign is stretching. They want insurance. And at this point, they have money. They've been fundraising since Inauguration Day. And they are stretching, trying to reach into states you wouldn't expect, like Minnesota or even New Mexico and New Hampshire, which Hillary Clinton won last time around.","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith at President Trump's rally in Orlando, Fla. Thanks, Tam.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states for re-election"} +{"dialogue":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr. Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Mr. Morial believes that body cameras and dash cameras should be mandatory for all law enforcement, as well as other measures such as police officer hiring and training, in order to build trust between the community and police officers."} +{"dialogue":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation was dire and I was desperate to get to my destination."} +{"dialogue":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The cover story in question caused controversy but served an important purpose."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Had you wanted to see these images. You had to have heard about it. You're just seeing brief news reports saying that foreign powers, especially the United States, have been provoking riots and dangerous behavior in Hong Kong for their own selfish reasons - those kind of terse news bulletins. But on the social media that the Chinese exchange every day that they love on their smartphones, any hint of searching for news that Hong Kong is immediately shut down by the censors.","So the U. S. is being blamed on mainland China. The U. S. does have a lot of financial interests in Hong Kong. The State Department has expressed grave concern over this extradition law. It says there are more than 1,300 U. S. firms with operations in Hong Kong, about $80 billion in U. S. investment, 85,000 American citizens. Are U. S. businesses operating in Hong Kong likely to be affected by all of this?","They certainly would have been if this law had gone through. I mean, in essence, what this proposal was was that for the first time ever people in Hong Kong, whether foreigners or locals, could be sent for trial by being extradited to the mainland, and the mainland's courts are explicitly under the control of the Communist Party. They are not independent courts. They're not meant to be independent courts. So that caused a gigantic backlash from even rather meek and mild business groups. . .","Hm."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is censorship in China preventing access to information about Hong Kong protests"} +{"dialogue":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S. Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : 3: Stan accepted the challenge and was happy to see the result of it. 2: Stan was frustrated or overwhelmed"} +{"dialogue":["Right. As far as I could tell, it wasn't so much derogatory as he wanted to create a mental picture to the listeners, you know, on radio, to say, OK, it was created in one big bang and so on.","And so what was his big blunder?","So the big blunder was - so he came up with a theory that was - that the universe is in a steady state. Namely the universe is always the same. It always was the same and always will be the same. And - but he also knew that the universe is expanding. So for the universe to stay the same, for example, for the density of matter to not change, he had to create matter in the universe. Because as the universe was getting larger, he had to have new matter there for the density to stay the same.","So this in itself was not a blunder. When he suggested this, it was a beautiful idea because, you know, we say the universe is the same everywhere and in every direction. And he wanted to add to that and that every time. So that, you know, sounded very elegant.","The blunder was that after about 15 years, when evidence started accumulating that this is really not the way the universe behaves but in fact the universe does evolve and change, he stubbornly refused to accept that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The universe is not always the same and new matter is needed for it to stay the same."} +{"dialogue":["Many people start off working either in tasting rooms or they work in a restaurant, maybe as a server. And then they want to know more about wines so they become a sommelier. Or they take classes for wine education. Or they become distributors for wine. Or they work for distributors for wine for different parts of the country.","We had a gentleman who went to Argentina and bought a vineyard and is starting to grow grapes and do it from the farming standpoint. Several of the members of our panel were growers, and so simply farmers, like growing tomatoes or growing roses in your garden, you learn how to cultivate vineyards.","Steve, thanks so much for your time.","Thank you for having us on your program."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Working with wine doesn't necessarily require formal education."} +{"dialogue":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon.","Tornadoes hit Oklahoma City last night. Five people are reported to have died, including a mother and her child. Nearly 90 people are being treated for injuries. The twister touched down in Oklahoma City and in nearby Moore and triggered flash floods and power outages. And, of course, we remember that Oklahomans are still recovering from tornadoes that hit a few weeks ago. Kurt Gwartney is the news director at our member station KGOU in Oklahoma City. He joins us now. Kurt, thanks so much for making time for us on a very busy morning.","You're welcome.","What's the latest news you can give us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The tornadoes did not actually hit but touched down in the areas."} +{"dialogue":["Huge.","Bringing peace there. Is there - there are some similarities I would imagine with Rwanda.","You know, I haven't heard the organized ones like we did see there. But always I think, they've been the backbone of the country but always in the background, not even allowed to own property. And now with these new rights given to them, we're seeing some real, real progress.","So, Carl, for you, in a sense you could say that Rwanda was ground zero, but now you have expanded beyond there to continue your works around the world. Tell us briefly about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : the group of people they are referring to have been pivotal to the success of the country"} +{"dialogue":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Is there any worry among Republican leaders and legislators about the low approval ratings of the Republican health care proposals?"} +{"dialogue":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The field is not getting physically smaller, it has less candidates. "} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"creates this skin on the outside\" - This is a metaphorical expression that refers to the outer facade or surface of the building, rather than a literal skin."} +{"dialogue":["You edited \"Confessions of a Video Vixen\" by Karrine Steffans. We've had her on show. And it's a memoir about her life as a video dancer for artists like JZ, R. Kelly, LL Cool J. It talks about hip hop, sex, sexuality, family. Tell me about the process of getting her story to press.","Well it's interesting. I'd heard quite a lot about Corrine via reading a magazine article about her and then hearing about her repeatedly on radio. And so when I reached out to her, I didn't really have a lot of expectations other than this might be interesting. And so I had a very long conversation with her and you know, upon talking to her I was very impressed with her being very - her candor was amazing first of all and then secondly the fact that she was unapologetic about her life. She wasn't proud of it necessarily but she wasn't apologetic either.","And so one of the things that we did, our editorial director, who is amazing, went out to LA and said, I just want to experience this woman for myself and so she spent an evening with her in a popular Hollywood watering hole. And she knew after that evening that Corrine was who she said she was, just based on how people, particularly men, responded to her just from her walking into the room.","Well that's one way of looking at things. But the publisher obviously went a lot further to turn\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The subject matter of the memoir is controversial and intriguing"} +{"dialogue":["Not initially.","No?It didn't come in handy?","Yeah. I mean, you would think that would be an easy thing, but man, you know, that's why they have somebody for that. You know, it definitely becomes a thing trying to get people out their trailer. They're nice and comfy.","Well, did you have any other experiences in the NFL that kind of helped prepare you for the role you do now?I'm taking not doing hair probably doing - doing hair probably wasn't one of those tasks since you all wear helmets, but. . .","Yeah. I mean, but look. You know, I had natural hair. You know, I remember when I was in the league, I had my hair long enough to where it could be braided. And, you know, every week I'd have to go and get it worked on and stuff. So, you know, I think for both men and women it's definitely something that's a big part of our life. But, you know, in terms of the connection between NFL and filmmaking, it's all very team-oriented."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Getting people out of their trailers is a difficult task."} +{"dialogue":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The ex-convicts need to take an active role in the community and become more involved in order to get their civil rights back."} +{"dialogue":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Two people came in and played a better game than the Knicks."} +{"dialogue":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The joke about $50K and $5 million is not literal, but it expresses the belief that white collar crimes are larger and easier to get away with."} +{"dialogue":["I have. I was, yes, one of the scholars who figured it out by searching on Google. And it turns out that Jack of jack-o'-lantern fame was not such a terrible guy. In fact, he's quite clever and entrepreneurial. And he almost outwitted the devil, so that's the Irish folktale. Jack tricked the devil into climbing a tree to get him an apple. And then Jack carved a cross on the tree trunks so the devil couldn't get down. So Jack says I'll take away the cross if you promise never to send me to hell. So they made a deal, but, of course, the devil being the devil, he found a loophole. So he didn't send Jack to hell, but Jack was consigned to walk the earth forever, holding a lantern to light his way. And by the way - this is important - the lantern was made of a turnip, not a pumpkin. So somewhere along the line, the turnip industry got really screwed.","Have you ever opened the door and seen a trick of trick-or-treater dressed as B. J. Leiderman, who writes our theme music?","(Laughter) No. But that's a great idea for my kids today.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Jack's clever and entrepreneurial nature allows him to make a deal with the devil and escape from certain doom."} +{"dialogue":["And I went and bought bread. I made a really good salsa and started selling tortas at a bus stop. Of course, everybody thought I was nuts. And my friends used to make a lot of fun of me - you know, no girl is going to like you because you sell food on the street. And I'd say, no, you're totally wrong. I said, I'm an entrepreneur (laughter). I have my own business.","Now he's executive chef and partner in the James Beard-nominated Taqueria del Sol, a counter-service chain in Georgia and Tennessee. In the kitchen of one of the Atlanta restaurants, he shows me how to make his turnip greens. It starts with a little butter and oil.","We're going to build the sauce for greens. And you want to saute your garlic, a few onions, your pepper. In this case, we use the chile de arbol.","The chile de arbol pepper brings some heat. It sautes with the onion and garlic until the peppers start to release their oils."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People should pursue their dreams and not let negative opinions stop them from achieving success."} +{"dialogue":["Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you for having me on.","So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?","There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : El Nino hasn't behaved as expected, making winter predictions uncertain"} +{"dialogue":["What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?","We have actually, so far, been able - we have reporters who are also out of town that we're in touch with. We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com.","We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com. We didn't stop yet and we don't plan to stop.","You have reporters out trying to cover this story all over where this hurricane is going. There must be some point where you say and where the reporters say to you \"Hey, I got to stop for a while because there's a hurricane coming. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They will continue reporting on the storm via the internet no matter what."} +{"dialogue":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr. Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : VIC lost control over eating for multiple days, not just one day"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it did. And when I left, I was so angry at them because I didn't understand. And it wasn't until many years later for me to be able to see where they're coming from.","(Singing) Times have really, really changed, changed.","It feels like the song \"Rebel\" is a little bit about you, too.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The person singing the song is rebellious and the listener can relate to it"} +{"dialogue":["What I can tell you is that they are very interested in immigration. They are very concerned about the numbers of people who have been crossing the border in recent months, and they feel like Congress isn't giving the president what he wants. You know, I've been talking to voters both here and in the area yesterday. And I'd ask people - you know, what is the most important issue to you?And again and again and again, they brought up immigration.","Describe the scene for us there in Orlando. I know people have been camping out for this rally. What's the atmosphere like?","It's this, you know, festival atmosphere that often pops up around a Trump rally. There were people lined up, as you say. I came out at 8 o'clock this morning and walked around, and the line was very, very, very long. And then it turned into Woodstock because there was a massive thunderstorm - I mean, just an unbelievable thunderstorm and lightning and thunder. And there was a sign that went up on a big electronic board that said, we encourage you to take shelter. No one took shelter. Everybody stayed exactly where they were in line as mud just built up around them on the ground. They weren't about to get out of line.","OK. This is the mud part of Woodstock, not the free lover, psychedelics part of Woodstock."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People are concerned about immigration, not just interested."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, a lot. Yeah, last time, remember, there was not a single question in the major debates.","Right, across all the debates.","No. No, not at all. This time, a lot of differences. A big one would be President Trump. I think what we're seeing is, in part, a backlash to his rejection of climate science and his real push for fossil fuels.","Pulling out of the Paris climate accord, et cetera."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : President Trump has caused a negative impact on climate change policies"} +{"dialogue":["And so the world was filled at that time with these microscopic creatures, right?","Yes, these would be very ancient. And we've long suspected that this sort of thing goes back or should go back a long, long way. And people have found the chemical signals, the brassy fool's gold they've found. They've even found the isotopic shifts. But this is, I think, the earliest record where we can see actually turned into this shiny material the fossils themselves. We can see them actually preserved in three dimensions.","And it's new techniques that we have now that we can use to analyze these in three dimensions and start to pick out their relationships. And that's one of the exciting things that's happening at the moment.","Would there be other places around the world where you'd find the same rocks and fossils?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They found something that is not the real thing but close to it."} +{"dialogue":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There is a significant backlog of untested rape kits in the country."} +{"dialogue":["We've only just begun to look at this, right?So we've only used one kind of treatment of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. And we've only looked at cabbage so far. And under our experimental conditions, we find that these chemicals accumulate most in the day, it may be midday, and they go down at night. And there's about a two-fold difference.","Wow.","But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.","OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this."} +{"dialogue":["They won't be in the wild, as I understand. It's still under human care but in different circumstances?","Yeah, they'll be in a setting that is, as closely as possible, approximates the natural conditions where dolphins typically live, i. e. , natural seawater, in the ocean, in a setting that has vegetated shorelines and natural bottoms and organisms, you know, plants and animals that would otherwise be found there. But they will be under human care for most likely their entire lives, yes.","Do you anticipate adjustment problems?The aquarium, I guess, is the only home they've ever really known.","They have all known - either all or very - the lion's share of their lives in this kind of setting. And it will be a completely new experience for them. So they need to go through a lot of acclamation, both behaviorally and physiologically, in order to make this transition successfully."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The implications in (3) is that the dolphins may have trouble adjusting to the new environment due to them being used to living in aquariums."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.","He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called \"The Feminine One. \"And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.","Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?","Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people."} +{"dialogue":["What would be risky about it, from the Nicolas Maduro point of view?","Well, there'd certainly be retaliatory measures from the U. S. , very likely more sanctions. There would be a massive outcry from Guaido's dozens of other international allies. The EU's warned that this would be a major escalation in tensions. And there'll be a lot of anger from the multitude of Guaido's supporters here in Venezuela.","Guaido himself says that any attempt by Maduro's government to detain him would be - as he put it - without doubt, one of that government's last mistakes. So we don't know, Steve. I mean, it's not clear that Maduro's concluded that he's in a strong enough position to do this. But it is a possibility.","And I guess we don't know if Guaido intends to go to a border crossing and present his passport or if he intends to sneak in some way. Is it known what path he plans to take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"There would be a massive outcry from Guaido's dozens of other international allies.\" - The use of the word \"dozens\" is figurative, indicating that Guaido has a significant number of international allies, but not necessarily just dozens."} +{"dialogue":["You are a brave man. You think there's going to be any political spats at your table?","Well, the entire house becomes the table with that many people, so we won't actually have room for argument. Anybody who wants to bicker will have to go outside.","John Dickerson is the chief political correspondent for slate. com. Thanks, John, and happy Thanksgiving.","Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments"} +{"dialogue":["Do you have any concern, Mr. Levin, that if some of these alternatives you're talking about are used more frequently that you might have a situation where - and I'll be apocryphal here - a white college kid with access to means and a good lawyer can get a very light sentence and a kid from the inner city that lacks both will still have the book thrown at him.","Well, you know, that is an interesting question because this decision by the attorney general was one based on discretion. The public has as very low opinion of elected officials and so it's certainly the case is if you don't think much of Congress, you wouldn't want Congress' judgment to be substituted for your own if you're on the jury, especially given that it's the jury that has access to the specific facts of the case.","And certainly, though, as you mentioned, race should absolutely not be considered and we need to make sure every offender has quality representation for those who have appointed counsel. Ideally, they could have some say in choosing their own counsel with some type of voucher or something so we can make sure they get vigorous representation in court, that evidence that may exonerate them is presented.","Marc Levin is director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation Center for Effective Justice speaking with us from Austin. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The white college kid may be able to get away with a lighter sentence due to their access to resources and legal representation, while a kid from the inner city will not have the same opportunity."} +{"dialogue":["That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.","Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .","By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.","The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The catch was great, but this moment was even better."} +{"dialogue":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Emergency responders are waiting for the wind to drop before assessing and repairing damages"} +{"dialogue":["So you had the U. K. negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S. did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S. deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.","But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.","Well, Dr. Kokayi, great to talk to you.","I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.","Dr. Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care."} +{"dialogue":["Elections are indeed important, and that's why Joe Maguire - the top intelligence official in our government - has said that the greatest security threat facing our nation right now is ensuring the integrity of our elections and preventing foreign interference. For the president of the United States to ask the government of Ukraine and now the government of China to interfere in our elections by collecting dirt, opposition research on his political opponents is a violation, first, of the law but also of the very core of what our country stands for, what our democracy is built upon.","And - in half a minute we have left, what in your mind is the obligation of a professional diplomat when they are asked to do that?","When a diplomat encounters something that they believe is immoral or illegal, they need to call it out. That's why the whistleblower laws exist. There are procedures in place for people to object. And if they are not able to get further traction in that way, then they're obliged to resign.","Nancy McEldowney former U. S. ambassador to Bulgaria and a longtime career diplomat, thanks so much for coming in to see us today.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He asked the foreign governments to collectinformation about illegal and\/or immoral things that his opponents had done."} +{"dialogue":["Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.","And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.","Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The stem cells have an advantage in developing into neurons."} +{"dialogue":["I went back to Nepal in 2013 to write about the same supply chains feeding guys making cameras for the iPhone 5 in Malaysia. And some of the families that I wrote about at the time and got together and - was this woman, this magnetic woman who lit up the room, who was leading the conversation that everybody was deferring to. She was cutting off the men, which you also don't see much of in Nepal. And I didn't even recognize her.","And it was the same young woman. This woman, who was broken when I saw her in 2005 at this ashram, had just completely transformed her life. She not only made herself self-sufficient, but she rebuilt herself emotionally and has just this incredible self-awareness about everything that's happened to her and her refusal to be a victim and to rise up and face KBR Halliburton as a key witness in this case.","I was about to ask. How. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The woman was a strong leader and dominated the conversation despite the patriarchal society in Nepal."} +{"dialogue":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People may be selling their belongings to cope with the financial crisis."} +{"dialogue":["You've been raising questions about Jared Kushner's security clearance for a couple of years. Should he have one?","No. He should not - well, he should not have top-secret security clearance. You know, there are at least three problems - one is that he had numerous errors and omissions on his initial security clearance form where he did not report foreign contacts. Two, he has tremendous financial vulnerabilities, including this property called 666 Fifth Avenue in New York City where he's tremendously indebted. And he's seeking investment from all over the world to shore it up. And then three, it appears that the president concealed the fact that he had actually ordered John Kelly and Don McGahn to give Jared Kushner a top-secret clearance. And law enforcement officials didn't want him to have it. And so these factors all point to him not having it or not - he should not have it, I should say.","Quick last question. Do people in Schaumburg, Ill. - in your district - care about whether Donald Trump lied about paying hush money to an actress or the job he's doing as president?","I think they really care about making sure that we get to the bottom of what happened in 2016. At the same time, they also care about us delivering on their pocketbook priorities. And so as Chairman Cummings pointed out in the Oversight hearing, this hearing with Michael Cohen was not the first hearing of the 116th Congress in Oversight. The first hearing was about trying to tackle the problem of rising prescription drug prices. And so we got to walk and chew gum at the same time, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Jared Kushner should not have top-secret security clearance due to errors, financial vulnerabilities, and concealing facts"} +{"dialogue":["We did. We - what we did with the mice was we gave them antibiotics to deplete their sinus microbiome, and then we had them sniff, basically, the corynebacterium species. And, in that context, we saw all the hallmarks of sinus infection, lots of mucin hypersecretion from the host.","And when we did the same and added the lactobacillus species, we didn't see any hallmarks of pathogenesis or infection. And, in fact, when we did another group of mice where we took out their native microbiome, we instilled the protective species along with this pathogen that we've identified. Again, we saw no signs of infections suggesting that the lactobacillus species protected the surface of the sinus and evaded infection by the corynebacterium species.","Now, you know what all these public radio listeners are going to want to know, now. Right?","We'll have to ask it. Where do you get the stuff to snort up your own lactobacillus sake, you know?I want some of that stuff with my health food store."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The mice were intentionally infected to study the effect of bacteria, rather than catching an actual sinus infection."} +{"dialogue":["Condemnation continues of President Trump's profane language about several foreign countries, using an especially crude word. And a warning - you're about to hear that word. At a bipartisan meeting with legislators on Thursday, the president asked why the United States would want immigrants from, quote, \"shithole countries. \"Until last week, roughly 200,000 Salvadorans in the U. S. held temporary protected status. That was put in place after the devastating earthquakes hit that country in 2001. But the White House says it'll end those protections and give Salvadorans until September 2019 to return to El Salvador or face deportation.","Carlos Dada is the founder of El Faro, a news site based in San Salvador, and joins us from there. Carlos, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me, Scott.","What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?\""} +{"dialogue":["Sort of the intellectual or business father of this. But he himself did not survive. But the practice did survive. And I want to ask for some distinctions here. You have different terms in the book, slaves, indentured servants and what you call free willers. I'm intrigued by the concept of a free willer. Who were they, and what did they get from essentially putting themselves in servitude?","Well, that's what they got. They put themselves in servitude. They were desperate. They were poor people or people who didn't have enough money to pay for the trip to America. They wanted a new life. They hoped that they would get one in America. And so they signed themselves away, their freedoms away, as indentured servants to pay for their passage. And that would be for anything between three and 11 years, usually. Now most of them, initially, didn't survive more than a couple of years.","The first - the average, I think, lifespan of a new indentured servant in the 1620s was probably two years. So these were - they were called at the time free willers because they went of their free will, and so many others didn't go of their free will. They were sent there. They were sent there in chains. They were sentenced to go there. They weren't free at all. Well, nor were these people. So that's the free willers. They are indentured servants.","What about the relationship of the white indentured servants to the African or African-descendant slaves?How did they get along, and how did the people who were essentially their masters treat them differently, if they did?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Indentured servants were not actually free and were treated similarly to slaves."} +{"dialogue":["President Obama in Elkhart, Indiana, today says he will create an independent, bipartisan board to oversee spending and to ensure that the money isn't wasted. The high school auditorium in Elkhart was filled to capacity for President Obama's town hall meeting. According to the Elkhart Truth newspaper this morning, the line to get in was longer than a football field. People waited for hours in predawn frigid temperatures. The president chose Elkhart to sell his stimulus plan because it's one of the cities that has suffered the most in this recession. Elkhart's unemployment rate is 17 percent. Earlier, I spoke with the managing editor of the newspaper, Greg Halling.","So, 17 percent unemployment rate; tell us more about how the economy has affected Elkhart.","What you see is, in Elkhart, is just everywhere you look, people who have held jobs, who've been able to take care of their families, basically, their entire lives, for the first time, being forced to go to food pantries just to make sure that they can make ends meet.","So, with a 17 percent unemployment rate in Elkhart, the people must be pretty desperate. How much faith and how much hope are they pinning on the stimulus package?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Obama wants to make sure that money is not spent on things that are not needed."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Entities. . .","Correct.",". . . Like - nongovernmental groups like terrorist organizations.","Yeah, the terrorist organizations or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Continuing the discussion on non-governmental entities, particularly terrorist organizations"} +{"dialogue":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S. to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"Spin up a retail store\" is used figuratively to describe the process of quickly creating a new retail store, rather than a literal spinning motion."} +{"dialogue":["Well, he risks alienating immigration hard-liners. But that's not necessarily the same category as Republicans. Immigration restrictionists have been some of Donald Trump's strongest supporters, whether you're talking about breitbart. com or Ann Coulter, Laura Ingraham.","But some in that same sort of populist conservative media base - some Fox News figures, Rush Limbaugh - have actually been supportive. And many Republicans in Congress support this policy. Immigration is a very tricky issue. There's a reason that the last two presidents, Republican and Democrat, have tried very hard to reform the immigration system and failed.","However, you know, the irony is you have the House speaker, Paul Ryan, for example, coming out and saying, well, this isn't up to the president. This is up to Congress. And they're sort of irked that they've been left out, the congressional Republican leadership. But the irony is this is a thing they want to do. They do want to protect the DREAMers. And they do want to, even the Republicans, many of them - want to pass some kind of immigration reform.","I want to ask you a quick question. Before we move on, Hillary Clinton is on book tour. I like what I've read of the book. It's not a on-the-one-hand-this, on-the-one-hand-that kind of memoir. Are there political repercussions from anything that she said?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The irony is that even though congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to Donald Trump's immigration policy, they still ultimately want to pass some kind of immigration reform."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Does the seriousness make the government look or feel bad about it?"} +{"dialogue":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : the workers were instructed to put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth, not just place it between their lips."} +{"dialogue":["That's good. That's a start.","That's good.","But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.","But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term"} +{"dialogue":["See how he do his mom?","Ms. O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.","I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.","So what did you learn from talking to her?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : See how he treats his mom poorly or disrespectfully"} +{"dialogue":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The company has had great success with smartphones and touch-capable devices."} +{"dialogue":["And how long ago was this?","This was in the beginning of 2007.","And then, what happened with these new terms of your loan?","Well, I was pretty upset about my son and real focused on that and sort of trusted a friend of a friend. And the new terms, I didn't find out until much later, were very bad. I have a balloon payment after five years. I paid 20,000 to get into the loan. I have to pay 20,000 to get out of the loan, and my payments are 1,625 a month."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Not a payment on a balloon, but a very large payment to make."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. And that's on the left and on the right. You have your most liberal members of the House and Senate and your most conservative members of the House and Senate essentially joining hands coming 360 on this thing and saying we're all the populists here. We're not the centrists. We're not the establishment. We're speaking for the angry little guy. And there's some irony in that perhaps, and some discomfort when, you know, you look over and see who you're in bed with on this thing. But politics makes that kind of bed fellows, and we're certainly seeing it in this particular context.","Ron, we only have a few seconds left, but both Senators Barack Obama and John McCain voted for the provision. Is that good enough cover for them I guess during the campaign?","Well, it certainly makes it less of a presidential issue, and that had been a big problem, frankly, in the politics of it last week. Once you inject the White House contest into this, everything kind of tends to blow up.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving. He joined me from our headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The implication is that the Presidential contest will make a difference to this issue but that it is not literally going to be injected. "} +{"dialogue":["I want to ask you how important you think flavors are. Yesterday, the Trump administration announced that it would ban thousands of flavors used in e-cigarettes. How much of a difference do you think that would make in discouraging kids from vaping?","They're tackling it backwards. At the end of the day, put in age verification because otherwise, every teenager would be drinking beer and going to the liquor store four, five times a day. Put in age verification. Make sure - and keep those companies - and hold them accountable. But if you put in age verification as an adult product, that is all you need to do.","So how much business do you stand to lose once this ban on thousands of flavors goes into effect?","That remains to be seen. I don't know. And I don't think it will go into effect. I think, at the end of the day, cooler heads will prevail because what's going to happen is you have to have the understanding and the knowledge and have all the information available to you prior to making such a drastic statement and doing something that will ultimately drive most people back to cigarettes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : No one is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way."} +{"dialogue":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Efforts are made to provide a sense of community and celebration among the workers"} +{"dialogue":["Mr. DAVID M. KENNEDY (Director, Center for Crime Prevention and Control): Hello.","So what's this \"stop snitching\" culture about?","Race.","What do you mean by that?That's a very blunt answer."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The 'stop snitching' culture is related to the issue of race."} +{"dialogue":["An so he went from - on Sunday on his Facebook page saying, well, I misspoke. I got the wording wrong, which is something he repeated again today.","Yeah. Well, that plus. He's gotten just increasingly - because as the pressure has mounted - and it's been fascinating to watch the responses from the congressmen, from the Republican Party, from Governor Romney and his running mate. As the public outrage on this has mounted, their apologies have become increasingly full-throated so that, as you mentioned, the congressman started out with I misspoke, like that's a little bit of a bizarre concept. Misspeak is when you accidentally picked the wrong word or say President Clinton when you meant President Obama. This was not misspeaking. As I wrote, this was mis-thinking.","And then similarly, you saw Governor Romney. His campaign several hours after this broke managed to choke out a press release comment saying that the governor and Congressman Ryan disagree with this view. And by morning, disagreement had become finding it offensive and unacceptable. So it's sort of a classic political story of how candidates follow the public polls.","And his colleagues - his would-be colleagues in the United States Senate, basically, as you said, throwing him under the bus."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : very enjoy am very nice feelvery enjoy am very nice feel"} +{"dialogue":["Yes, it's a primate. It's actually one of the largest monkey species there are. I'm not sure if you're familiar with Rafiki from the movie \"Lion King?\"Rafiki is a mandrill. They have extremely colorful noses and rumps, and like I said, they're one of the largest monkey species.","Do the animals get something special to eat considering it's Thanksgiving?","Keepers that are responsible for the day-to-day care of the animals do make some special treats for the animals. For example, our gorillas, on a daily basis, they get sweet potatoes, and on Thanksgiving, they may add some nutmeg or cinnamon to the sweet potatoes to make it kind of reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays.","Barb Webber is working today at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Happy Thanksgiving, Barb, to you and your animal friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Rafiki is not a person but a mandrill monkey species"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?","You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.","And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.","Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People were evacuated to avoid the storm surge"} +{"dialogue":["Yes.","What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.","Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.","So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The approval of the audience is more important than the reviews."} +{"dialogue":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction."} +{"dialogue":["Because we are, alas, almost never chased by lions now, our stressors tend to be things that are not actually going to threaten our lives. The jerk at work, traffic, these things are not going to kill us, but they do elevate our stress response in a similar way, but they don't offer us the same opportunity to complete the stress response cycle. So we're walking around with a couple decades of incomplete activated stress response cycles in our bodies that are just waiting for us to go ahead and do the thing we need to do.","Physical activity is the most efficient. Affection is really powerful. One of our favorite recommendations is the 20 second hug. If you hold someone that long, it communicates to your body that you have a person in your life whom you love and trust enough and who loves and trusts you enough to stand this close together. And your chemistry shifts into a state of I have come home, which is the end of the stress response cycle.","At the end of each chapter, you have these little TL;DR recaps - it's internet talk for too long; didn't read. So what is the TL;DR for this conversation?What's the one thing you really want people to take away, Emily?","It's that wellness is not a state of being. It is not a state of mind. It is a state of action."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Physical touch and affection can help complete the stress response cycle and create a feeling of safety."} +{"dialogue":["Right. We should just say. . .","And. . .",". . . Four is the guy who drives this big roller that actually does the work of making the road. And Nine, the kind of party guy, is riding this four-wheeler out ahead to look for interference. It's his job to actually look around.","Yeah. But everywhere he goes, he sort of sows chaos and even though he thinks he's doing the right thing by engaging. And - but Four has been, you know, in many similar situations. And he's a veteran of this work. And so he just says, our job is to do the work - touch as few lives as possible in that way, engage as, you know, as little as possible and get out. And. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He causes chaos and trouble but he does not actually sow it "} +{"dialogue":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The government is demanding that the banks that received the bailout maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at the levels of last year while also requiring leaders of these banks to step down and freezing bonuses for executives who stay."} +{"dialogue":["Let's start with the idea of this weight loss or calories burned. How does this compare to other athletes in other sports?","One of the basic facts was the 1984 World Chess Championship, right?So after five months and 48 games, defending champion Anatoly Karpov had lost 22 pounds. And some people said he looked, like, dead. Chess players were burning calories around the same rate as tennis players and competitive marathon runners. Like, in October 2018, Polard, this company that tracks heart rates, monitored chess players during a tournament and found out that this 21-year-old Russian grandmaster, Mikhail Antipov, had burned 560 calories in two hours, which we found out was roughly what Roger Federer would burn in one hour of singles tennis.","And I talked to Robert Sapolsky. He's been studying primates for a long time now, and he corroborated that fact and said that, you know, chess players can burn up to 6,000 calories in a day by playing a tournament, which is three times that of any human on a regular day.","Now, what did you learn about why?Is it that their brains are just using that much energy, or is there something physiological going on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Some people said due to the fact that he was so thin that he looked like he was dead as dead people have no fat."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning.","Good morning.","So your reaction to this meeting - the president seems to rely on his own brand of personal politics to get things moving.","Absolutely. And Kim Jong Un knows this. That's why he's been trying very hard to separate President Trump from his advisers because he thinks there is a deal to be had by just directly dealing with the president. There are a couple noteworthy things that came out of this meeting. I noticed that Trump - President Trump saying that speed is not the object here because he's looking for a comprehensive deal. And then he hinted that sanctions could be lifted during the working-level negotiations.","This is a departure from the Trump administration's previous stance that sanctions would be lifted only after denuclearization. So I think the bottom line is President Trump is looking for a deal. And potentially, now that working-level negotiations are going to resume, there is a deal to be had."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It's not literally a \"brand\" the president has; here it is referring to his own style and approach."} +{"dialogue":["We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?","You know, I think that right now it's hard to tell what the lessons are because there's no clear chain of accountability or decision making. The first question you ask yourself is who is in charge of this thing?You had a mission - a State Department mission on the ground.","Theoretically everyone in that mission, including that special operations team that supposedly could've reacted to this thing was working for the head of mission, which in this case was a deputy chief of mission since the ambassador was the individual involved. And it's unclear to me even at this point if he had the authority to launch that special operations team or whether someone outside that chain of command and Department of Defense or Southern Command, or pardon me, in Special Operations Command, you know, overruled that. And it's never become obvious to me what that chain of command was. And it seemed to me that would be one of the first questions the congressional people are asking - doing the inquiries should've been asking."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is no clear process for who has accountability and makes decisions. The mission was outside of the office instead of being conducted via phone or internet."} +{"dialogue":["I think the - the city will continue as it is. It's still the heart of all economic activity, of business. The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is nearly 60 years old. The first Indonesian president, I think, in 1957 already came up with plans. In fact, they build a city in another part of Indonesian Borneo that was going to be the new capital.","Now, that didn't happen. But - so these plans are - have been around for a long time, and this has also got to do with taking the center of Indonesia's power, which is now concentrated on the island of Java, more centrally to Indonesia.","So the proposed new location in Borneo - is that a better choice for a capital?","It's not too bad. I've lived in the area for quite some time. There is tropical rainforest, and the government has emphasized that they want this to be a really green development. There's going to be no deforestation. There's going to be very smart planning. Of course, environmentalists like myself are concerned about what is going to happen once you move a million people into a relatively sparsely part of Indonesian Borneo. That likely will have significant impacts on the environment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is still under consideration after 60 years."} +{"dialogue":["Sounds good, right?Sixty years ago this month, Miles Davis finished recording one of the most iconic albums in jazz. \"Kind Of Blue\" is perhaps Davis's greatest masterpiece. But it wasn't the only milestone recorded that year. John Coltrane, Dave Brubeck, Ornette Coleman and Charles Mingus all cut timeless classics, which is why many fans consider 1959 the best year in jazz ever.","There are all kinds of think pieces about this - a new blog devoted to the subject, even a documentary film titled \"1959: The Year That Changed Jazz. \"So settle in. And let's listen to what 1959 sounded like. Our guide is Nate Chinen. He is editorial director at our member station WBGO. And he's with Jazz Night In America. Nate, thanks for being here.","Thank you, Rachel.","All right. Make the case. What makes 1959 so great?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Let's explore the music of 1959 and why it was special"} +{"dialogue":["For the last 40, 50 years, the education system has been translated into industry worker-producing system at high end, also, at low end, also. So - and that education system is becoming a reason to be tensed about the examinations themselves, the jobs, the admissions to the higher education classes, and every student was almost dying to get at the top positions. So all this was creating a lot of problem. So that's why we are not touching right now at graduation level; we are just touching about the bottom level - that is, starting from nursery classes to grade 8.","Minister Sisodia, who teaches a happiness class?","So there are 20,000 teachers that we have trained so far to take these classes, and they're taking these classes daily. This is 35-minute class, every day, first half of the morning. One class is for happiness class.","I have to ask, has any teacher said to you, if you want me to teach a happiness class, pay me more?That'll make me happy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : 20,000 teachers have been trained to teach a daily 35-minute happiness class."} +{"dialogue":["Not so well now. We're expecting to have a peace completely after the election, but we still have a few problems here and there as far as human right is concerned. And there is also killings in some parts of the country, in the west, also in east. So, that's not good.","There are a lot of people who've used music to raise awareness about what's going on in different parts of the world. Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people?What is it about music that's so special?","Music is very natural. We are born - our mothers sing for us. The community welcomes you with music, with singing. So, it becomes part of your being, of your nature. At the same time, when you cry, it's also like singing. So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.","And your family had a musical tradition, what was its like growing up?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?\""} +{"dialogue":["OK. You have been witness to debate preparation sessions, however. So, when does the work really start for these events?","Well, I tell you, it's something that's ongoing from the very start of the general election. Because the best way to debate effectively is to know what your opponent is going to say. So, everyone in each campaign has been paying attention to the interviews the other opponent has been giving, the speeches that they have been making. And about a month ago, they started compiling a briefing book. This is about four inches thick, it has tabs covering every issue, everything that the campaign has put out about it, everything your opponent has said about it, and it's a way to get you briefed on all the issues. As you know, tonight, 90 minutes, everything is on the table.","Yeah. So, what are the key points a debate prep team likes to address right away?I was wondering if there is like a set list, or does it really depend on the candidate and the race?","Well, hands down, no matter the juxtaposition of your candidate or the charisma they may or may not have, it always comes down to two things, and that's the verbal and the non-verbal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Debate preparation is a continuous process throughout the election campaign."} +{"dialogue":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The size of the landing pad appears much smaller from space, highlighting the incredible precision required to land a rocket vertically."} +{"dialogue":["But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.","And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.","That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.","Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The people in France are actively watching the race and will be discussing the winner."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote \"Red Clay. \"And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.","That's a great tune.","I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.","They have red clay in Indiana?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Creed said to write a song that would be very popular. Jazz musician friends said that he was writing songs that were boring."} +{"dialogue":["For political directive, sure.","Yeah. Yeah.","It's not Abraham Lincoln and his team of rivals.","They're like instruction manuals for how to run the government."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Political directives are similar to instruction manuals for running the government."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The court case has not affected the open enrollment period"} +{"dialogue":["Glad to be here, Michel.","So you said that Thomas Jefferson was the first to hold July 4 celebrations at the White House in 1881 because he was the first to live in the White House during the Fourth of July. What did he do?","Well, Jefferson just had a little reception for some citizens and some officials. And they had some punch and some cakes, and they had some Italian musicians in to play some music. And this sort of set the trend for future presidents where they had receptions during July 4, something very low-key. And, in 1841, John Tyler had a dinner on that day, and he had turtle soup with - made from a 300-pound turtle they brought in from Key West, Fla. And then, that night, they walked across the street to Lafayette Square, and they watched the fireworks, which has been part of the July 4 celebration from the very beginning.","So it seems as though the previous presidents had pretty low-key celebrations. This turtle soup was kind of fancy. But the letter from House Democratic leaders state that the Fourth of July celebrations have always been, quote, \"nonpartisan and apolitical. \"Is that true?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : July 4 celebrations were not always low-key and small, and turtle soup was not the only fancy dish served during the celebration."} +{"dialogue":["It's probably a combination of both. The sense that people have out there is that there is certainly a level of speculator buying by local investors, by local real-estate investors. But you know, there's quite a number of loans also being made to first-time buyers and others who are looking to move and so forth.","And meanwhile, there are various plans to try to get homeowners to hang on to their homes, to stay in their homes and avoid foreclosures, one coming out from the FDIC's Sheila Bair. Tell us about that.","Yeah. So, the plan that Ms. Bair talked about yesterday at a hearing in Washington was that if servicers - these are mortgages companies that basically handle collections and billing on behalf of investors and banks - if they agree to modify some of these troubled loans in a way that the government says you should do, then the government would agree to shoulder any or shoulder a part of the future loss under this loan.","So, who would that help, the homeowners or the banks?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : If mortgage companies agree to modify loans according to government standards, the government will help shoulder future losses."} +{"dialogue":["Revkin told me about a man named Khaled. He worked at a slaughterhouse that ISIS took control of, leaving him with a choice - stay at the job and work for ISIS or leave and face retaliation.","Khaled, like many residents of Mosul, decided that cooperation was the only way to survive. So he continued working in the slaughterhouse. He claimed that he was never trained. He never received combat training or used a weapon or participated in any military operations on behalf of the group. But nonetheless, three years later, when Iraqi security forces, supported by the international coalition, recaptured Mosul, he was 1 of more than 90,000 people who have been detained on suspicion of association with the group. And he was arrested solely on the basis of testimony from a secret informant who had apparently witnessed him pledging allegiance, even though Khaled insisted that this pledge was involuntary and coerced.","So, you know, during the trial, I saw him explain that his work consisted only of feeding and caring for animals at the slaughterhouse. But nonetheless, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison after a trial that lasted less than 30 minutes. And the judges actually told him that he was lucky to receive such a lenient sentence because the crime for which he was convicted, which was membership in a terrorist group, generally brings capital punishment.","A lot of post-ISIS life is figuring out who was or who was not involved in ISIS and bringing the appropriate perpetrators to justice. This is done mostly through courts?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Khaled faced a difficult decision to stay and work for ISIS or leave and risk facing repercussions from them."} +{"dialogue":["If you're a minority professional and you grow up understanding that there will be expectations placed upon you that you have to overcome, the reality of it is, if you go into this thinking you can just be good you'll end up with a mediocre career. And so \"Good is Not Enough\" is really just a sounding call to minority professionals saying, hey, you know, we can be players at this level but we can't just play good, we have to excel.","Let's break down a few of the things you say matter. One is networking. Why so important?","Networking is so important because in this day and age a lot of the jobs, a lot of the opportunities that will come your way will not be through Monster, will not be through the want ads, it will be through networking. And so from a career perspective the opportunities will come your way from networking, but more importantly networking is a great opportunity to learn from others who have been down the road that you're trying to go. For example, if, I met a company right now - I'm at Pitney Bowes, and I love being there - but if I were to look at an opportunity at IBM, if I had a network that includes someone at IBM, I could actually call and get a better idea of what it is I'm stepping into, because corporate culture is just critical.","But how do you find someone who is a peer or a mentor at another company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Networking is crucial for career opportunities and learning from others' experiences"} +{"dialogue":["Well, her name is Vivian Schiller, as you said. She's currently at thenewyorktimes. com. She runs that website. From my standpoint, it seems like a very impressive pick.","In her career, she's not only led the New York Times, she led Discovery Times Channel on cable, which was a joint venture. It did not play out, but it was very well thought of in terms of the journalism it did, and it sort of allowed the Times to experiment with operation in this multimedia world.","And before that, she was senior vice president, actually, at CNN, where she oversaw their long-form broadcasting, particularly the documentary work. Somebody who's a business manager, clearly, and yet very much steeped in the world of journalism and in the world of new journalism.","And it is a very quickly changing world, isn't it?First of all, there is a lot less money out there now than there was a year ago, right?With advertising falling. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Vivian Schiller's experience in multimedia journalism makes her a great pick."} +{"dialogue":["Then Clark Carrington(ph) chimed in from Dar Salam, Tanzania. He wrote, I'm an African-American living in Tanzania and totally rely on Farai and crew through podcast to keep me informed about what is going on in the U. S. and the world, for that matter. However, Farai's much more than a female African-American voice. She is an informed progressive and an insightful mind.","And finally, we go to a fan in Saudi Arabia. Ibrahim Sadik(ph) heard a re-broadcast of a conversation we had on Latin jazz and sent us this. I wish to thank News & Notes for the excellent program on Latin jazz as well as the month-long treatment on jazz. I currently live in Saudi Arabia and enjoy News & Notes, which is rebroadcast during my morning commute. It provides a refreshing entry for the morning. I hope that the coming months will bring about a turnaround in the U. S. economy that will allow kaleidoscopic programs such as News & Notes to remain on air.","And that's it for letters. So wherever you are, please keep your thoughts coming over the next few months.","To write us, just log on to npr. org and click on contact us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Thank you. I know that you've been recently honored with the Outstanding Contribution to Television and Film Award at this year's BAFTA Awards in Scotland. Congratulations.","Well, thank you very much. It took me by surprise.","Really?They took you by surprise and took you all the way there?","Yeah. (Unintelligible) I'm in a very strange position because I'm almost 70 and I - people are giving me sort of good attendance prizes. . .","Well, that's what I call them. Good contribution prizes or something they call them, I don't know, you know, for your outstanding achievement over the years. I think it really means you're getting old, go away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The 'good contribution prizes' are actually a polite way of telling you to retire"} +{"dialogue":["You know, and you're not going to get, you know, 80,000, you know, ticket-holders to hold it down. So you know, you just kind of figured out - you know, some days I've toughed it out. Some days I've gone on air with a very bad migraine, because that's my job.","Has anyone ever just run a tackle into you by accident, shaken up your brain, anything?","I have never been sideline road-kill. I've made it a point to always know where the action is and to not get caught up in it. There are times, though, when my back is turned, I'm doing a stand-up, for example, and you could see everybody. Their eyes are getting big, and they're just kind of like - you know, my cameraman's really good about pulling me out of the way.","So no, I haven't had any kind of brain scramble to that extent, but yeah, I can see where you're going. A lot of these players who suffer from concussions, eventually, you know, sometimes they can turn into migraine sufferers as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The reporter tries to avoid getting caught up in the action."} +{"dialogue":["I think we overstate this, right?I really do. I think we overstate the threat that primaries pose, No. 1, to members. No. 2, what I would suggest is, OK, so what?That's your job. It's comes with the territory, right?And last time I checked, the Constitution wasn't written so that members could win re-election without threat, right?That's not the point.","The whole point - the whole basis of our regime of democratic accountability is so that members are held accountable for the decisions they make in office, not to push those decisions off elsewhere so that they can just keep winning. The only place where our views and our concerns are adjudicated in this wonderful nation of ours is in Congress. It's the only place. And if Congress isn't doing that, then Congress isn't doing its job.","So you seem less concerned that the president is overreaching than that the Congress is sitting on its hands.","I think that is the much bigger concern. The president most certainly it appears to be overreaching, right?I mean, this law has been passed presumably not to do end runs around Congress when the president can't get what he or she wants. So if you want funding, it seems to me, the best way to get it is to actually bargain and haggle and try to - and refuse to sign bills that don't give you that funding."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Members should be held accountable for the decisions they make in office"} +{"dialogue":["Right. We can run through who is to blame for this, but I'd rather talk about what the solution is. The sticking points are on immigration. The president wants to change the system. Are you willing to scrap, for example, the visa lottery where 50,000 visas are given out to individuals from countries who aren't represented. . .","I think we have to look at it in a comprehensive way. But the point right now is just the other day, just the other night, Mitch McConnell understood that he needed 60 votes to continue the - to pass a continuing resolution. And yet he went forward knowing he did not have the 60 votes. So it is time for the Republicans - let's be clear. They control the House. They control the Senate. They control the White House. They've got to sit down and negotiate and understand they can't get everything they want. . .","Right. But what are you asking for?What are you asking for, exactly?","What we're asking for is three things. We are asking for an annual budget which will provide equally for defense and nondefense spending. We are asking that months and months after these terrible disasters impacted Texas and Florida and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands - that we deal with disaster relief. And we are asking what the American people want. Recent poll had 87 percent of the American people saying that DREAMers should receive, retain their legal status that Trump took away from them. And most of those folks think there should be a path toward citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Republicans need to compromise and negotiate instead of trying to get everything they want."} +{"dialogue":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The research has advanced to the point where we can now explore the possibilities of what vocal communication extinct dinosaurs might have had."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N. Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Women and girls in Kenya are at high risk of sexual assault due to the conflict."} +{"dialogue":["We don't know the why. We do know the effect. It bears a striking resemblance to the Jim Crow literacy tests. I mean, it's 43 questions ranging from geography to culture to agriculture. I would challenge any citizen of any state in Georgia to pass a test of 43 questions about their state.","So before we let you go, could you just describe for people, you know, what it is - because some people might not find it upsetting. They say, well, you know, maybe they're just trying to determine whether the residents of Puerto Rico who have moved are really from Puerto Rico as opposed to from some other Spanish-speaking place. Could you just describe for people again why this - in your view, this violates the law and is offensive?","Well, Puerto Rican American citizens have the same right to transfer their lives, move to another state and have a driver's license as Texans or Ohioans. It's a matter of federal law. It's a matter of the federal Constitution. And Puerto Rican citizens in Georgia are subject to a different set of rules that are much more restrictive.","That's Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center. He's also a professor at Emory University School of Law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The 43-question test is discriminatory and reminiscent of Jim Crow laws"} +{"dialogue":["That's exactly the concern that advertisers have about this, they use these small data tracking files called, cookies. And by watching where you go on the web they can build a customer profile and decide what kinds of ads to show. Well, the internet advertising bureau which represents a lot of these companies, and web publishers says if this feature becomes widely adopted a lot of sites and especially smaller ones that rely almost entirely on their ad revenue - they won't be able to survive. On the other hand, some analysts are taking note that Microsoft's own future could hinge on web advertising, and this could affect its own business in much the same way.","Other browsers have offered something like this?","That's true, the Firefox browser and Apple Safari browser do offer similar features.","Bob Moon of Public Radio's Daily Business Show, Marketplace - thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"Other browsers have offered something like this?\" - the word \"this\" refers to the feature discussed in the previous sentences, not a physical object."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S. elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.","And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?","Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.","And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Far-right parties were the main spreaders of disinformation."} +{"dialogue":["Brazil is one of the leading producers of two very important crops: soy and corn. But lately, frozen credit has made it nearly impossible for farmers there to afford the basics that they need to grow those crops. Brian Willott farms 2,000 acres of soybeans just outside Bahia, Brazil. He joins us now by phone.","Welcome, Brian, and can you explain for us how the credit situation there in Brazil has affected you and other farmers?","Credit's a big problem right now. No farmer can survive today without credit, and since the credit crunch hit, everyone's credit has either been cut, delayed or more expensive. And it's got everyone here quite worried.","What do you use loans for?How important is it?What do you use it to buy?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Credit is important for farmers to survive and the credit crunch has made it more expensive and difficult to obtain"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.",". . . \"Giant Steps\" is more like leaning forward in the passenger seat of a speeding racecar, (laughter) you know?","All right. Let's listen to another good album from 1959. This is \"Take Five\" from Dave Brubeck, his album \"Time Out. \"","If \"Kind Of Blue\" is sitting in an armchair with a martini or a cocktail, this - speaking of vices - feels like smoking in an alley to me.","(Laughter) And so much of that attitude comes from the sound of the alto saxophonist, Paul Desmond, who - actually, his tone was once described by a jazz critic in terms of a dry martini."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Paul Desmond's saxophone tone is crisp and sophisticated like a dry martini"} +{"dialogue":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr. Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : North Korea's nuclear capabilities pose a direct threat to the United States."} +{"dialogue":["Ron, tomorrow, President Obama will sign the stimulus bill in Denver, and then it's on to Phoenix, and then, he'll round out the end of the week with a trip to Canada. Why so much travel?","I think he's learning from the last few weeks. When he stayed in D. C. , the economic stimulus package got stalled. When he got back on the road, got back on the stump, the energy in the atmosphere changed quickly. And being the campaign Barack. being in campaign mode, talking back to Washington from out in the country, that worked better than being the Washington Barack Obama talking to the country. He wants this symbolic energy to be flowing in that direction. He wants to be the voice of the people talking to the federal government, not the symbol of the federal government talking to the people.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thanks, Ron.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Obama's travel is strategic to push for the stimulus bill."} +{"dialogue":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : North Korea specifically has a habit of giving invoices when collecting detainees."} +{"dialogue":["It's significant because you have a journalist who's killed in the line of duty doing some investigative work into a story he wanted to write. And as far as we understand, the people that he was investigating put out a hit on him, and he was killed. I mean, that's a very chilling reminder that we do - sometimes do dangerous work. And the project's main mission is to tell those people, if indeed they are the ones responsible, that you cannot kill the message by killing the messenger.","There has been a confession, hasn't there?And yet you remain unsatisfied. Why is that?","Well, the person who confessed was a very low-level member of the Your Black Muslim Bakery. He was a handyman. He originally told police he did not do the crime, and then after he was led to - he was allowed to meet privately with the bakery CEO, a 22-year-old named Yusuf Bey IV, this guy basically convinced him to confess. Now, whether or not he did the crime or not, we don't know. What we do know is, is that he did not do this by himself, as he has told police.","Now, what would you say is the latest in the ongoing investigation?Or is the investigation ongoing, since the police had someone who confessed, although your organization doesn't necessarily buy it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth."} +{"dialogue":["That's good. That's a start.","That's good.","But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.","But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : US and China lack sufficient strategic thinking despite their concern to avoid conflict"} +{"dialogue":["That's true. And people who are addicted to it are too scared to death to tell anybody, because they're going like, yeah, if I tell somebody I'm addicted to a computer game, I'm going to get laughed out on the street, you know, because so many people haven't seen it or experience it, or they themselves are addicted, so they don't even want to believe that there's such a thing, because they might have to look at their own issue.","Just one quick piece of advice. If you're - you obviously tried to stay in contact with your son. He made it difficult for you, and he's dead. Whether or not some people would argue that it's not the gaming's fault, you think it is. One very small piece of advice for families who are trying to help someone.","I really need to talk to parents and tell them that these games are not glorified babysitters. And I see so many parents so excited because they're teaching their two year old to play games, and by five, they're addicted. You know, it's just heartbreaking to me, because it's like giving their child the drug, and they don't even know what they're doing. They're helping ruin their child's life, because it does affect their brain. It rewires their brain, and it affects how they function in society.","Well, Liz, thank you so much for sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People are ashamed to admit they're addicted to computer games."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Bill Kristol is also a friend of mine. And I think one of the things that is very difficult when you are - he very intensely support - committed McCain supporter. We all have things we would like the election to be about. And Bill, very understandably, would like the election to be about, thank you, Senator McCain, for being right about the surge, as indeed he was right about the surge.","Unfortunately, the voters get to decide what it's about. And from their point of view, it's about financial collapse. And John McCain has never had a consistent message about that. It's way too late now. I mean, that's kind of what you have to do a year before, but that was not a set of issues that interested him. His economic message has never been strong. It's shifted a lot, and so it has been difficult to convey.","I think, at this point, yeah, McCain can talk certainly about national security and how he was right about these issues. It's hard to imagine that when 401Ks are down by 40 percent, when house values in many places are down by 20 percent and more, what voters are going to say other than - well, we'll build a statue to you for the surge, but that doesn't make you entitled to be president.","David Frum is a conservative political writer, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, speaking with us again from Washington. David, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : John McCain's economic message is weak and inconsistent."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter).","Did that work for you?","Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .","Yeah.",". . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.","I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 5 : They don't think Maggie Smith could look any better or do her job any better than on television."} +{"dialogue":["A crackdown this week on opioid abuse resulted in federal criminal charges against 60 people accused of illegally prescribing and distributing opioids. They include doctors, nurses and pharmacists. One even allegedly traded drugs for sex. That sting focused on Appalachia, one of the areas hardest hit by the opioid epidemic. It's a mostly rural area where access to health care is already a challenge for residents.","So we wanted to know about the impact of this crackdown on both addicts and people who rely on opioids to manage chronic pain. That's something Dr. Stephen Loyd has been thinking a lot about over the last few days. He's based in Nashville. And he's the state of Tennessee's former assistant commissioner for substance abuse. He's also a former addict, and now works with addiction recovery programs in the Nashville area. Dr. Loyd, thank you for talking with us about this.","Thanks so much for having me, Sacha.","More than half the people charged in the sting are from Tennessee, where you live. Seventeen of them are doctors. Give us some perspective on what happens when you remove 17 doctors and other health care officials from a rural area that already has a doctor shortage even if those doctors were doing criminal things?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Implies that Dr. Stephen Loyd is a reliable source of information on the subject, and that they are asking him to provide insights on the issue."} +{"dialogue":["Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?","Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.","Well, you have worked there for 18 years.","Eighteen years. Yeah.","I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: I am fortunate because I don't have to do the night shift that often and I get a break when I am covering the legislative session. "} +{"dialogue":["So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.","OK.","OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.","Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The old man's technique was unique and contributed to the popularity of his cafe."} +{"dialogue":["Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.","So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?","Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.","And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The person was not actually taken to Syria, they were just told what was going on there."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, I believe there's a certainty of it. I started out my career as a journalist covering races in Mississippi, and every year people would try to give black people bad information, and we at the local black newspaper would find ourselves, you know, working with the NAACP, trying to get out good information. They would go through black neighborhoods and pass out flyers saying don't forget to vote on Wednesday, for instance. I'm sure that tactic, which is one of the tried and true, will be tried again somewhere in this country.","Well, Benjamin Jealous, thank you so much.","Thank you. It's a real pleasure.","Benjamin Jealous is the president of the NAACP."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People may try to give misleading information to black people during an election."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. I mean, people should waste less of what they buy. I mean, it's estimated that the typical family in the U. S. tosses out about $1,600 of groceries a year. And the report out today from the U. N. finds that food waste may contribute up to 10% of the human-made greenhouse gas emissions. So we have a whole bunch of tips on our website to help you shop smarter and waste less in your own homes.","That's NPR's Allison Aubrey.","Allison, thanks for sharing this with us.","Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : not literally produced or created in a lab, but emissions are a by-product of the human's food waste"} +{"dialogue":["Ooh. Ooh. So small dive.","You need to be very careful. Keep your limbs in.","And why - what's so fascinating about espresso?","Well, one of things that espresso drinkers will know probably is that when you have an espresso straight, not a latte, not a cappuccino, just a straight little mug of espresso, when it comes out to you, it has this frothy, foamy thing on top. It's a little thin layer of tiny bubbles. It's a little lighter in color, and it's called the crema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is a dive into drinking the espresso, taking a chance by drinking it."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, a big one.","Arguably, a full-time job outside the White House. So it's hard to see him fulfilling the in-house advisory role of the NSA. And critics are going to call Bolton's departure another high-profile example of how the Trump White House is basically a one-man show with occasional guest stars. But on substance, that quarreling you referred to, Bolton and the president clashed because Bolton wanted to aggressively confront U. S. adversaries around the world. And the president seems more focused at this point on domestic politics and his reelection year.","Let's talk about the third Democratic debate, this one in Houston. Just 10 candidates this time. How do you think it compared to the previous shows?","From the consumer standpoint, there was improvement, Scott. You still had more contestants than are comfortable for a TV quiz show screen. But at least you knew these were the real contenders and not so many career builders and people bolstering their brands. The show was too long at three hours, but the format seemed relatively brisk. The candidates got to respond and engage. Also, the ABC moderators asked good questions and then stood back to let the candidates speak and interact, yet they never lost control of the proceedings and never actually intruded on them, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work."} +{"dialogue":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The show cannot be picked up by another network or platform, indicating a potential end to the series."} +{"dialogue":["A lot of destruction, complete devastation - the poultry barns, for example, some of those barns are completely gone. Where the hardest wind gusts hit, it was like Godzilla came and just pulled everything up from the ground. With the banana plantations, you know, you can see when the weakest palm trees fell and broke - when they started feeling the winds because they're leaning one way. And then when the hurricane changed direction, then you see the other one's going to the other side and broken. So you can see the power (laughter) that the hurricane had.","What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Say, the state agriculture commissioner. It just doesn't make sense.","Well, forgive my naivety. But don't all parties weigh in on ballot design?Or are those days - am I living in the age of Pollyanna aspirations?","Well, they have - they do have the ability to at least protest. They have the ability to see it at the time. The ballot is sent out ahead of time to say, hey, here's what the ballot looks like. And the Senate campaign of Bill Nelson did not complain.","President Trump has said there's evidence of election fraud. Is there evidence?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Not all parties weigh in on ballot design"} +{"dialogue":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The burying of Star Wars paraphernalia was a way of preserving their memories for future generations."} +{"dialogue":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : kids and old people can be refreshingly honest because they are not always trying to please others or conform to social norms."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Joan Kroc used her wealth to live a luxurious lifestyle and still dedicate her wealth to charitable causes."} +{"dialogue":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?"} +{"dialogue":["The site of the wreck of the Houston's been known for quite some time. Why just the official confirmation now?","Well, the Navy became concerned over the years that the wreck was being salvaged by trophy hunters and commercial concerns overseas. Recreational dive companies have been leading dives on the Houston as well as the Perth, for years. But they began to fear for the integrity of the wreck. And it is a war grave. It's also custody of the U. S. Navy, even though it's been undersea for more than 70 years now. And so what they did was, they launched an official expedition to document the state of the wreck and the first step in that process was to authenticate the identity of the ship, and so that's what made headlines this week.","Captain Rooks received the Medal of Honor for what?","He led the Perth into battle on that night and was quickly fallen upon by a far superior Japanese naval squadron. They had several heavy cruisers, a whole bunch of destroyers and the Japanese were masters of the art of nighttime naval combat. They would demonstrate this time and again through the early months of the war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Japanese were more skilled than the Perth in nighttime naval combat, which they would demonstrate in the early months of the war."} +{"dialogue":["So, you're a beauty journalist living in London, and your life is very cosmopolitan - very British in some ways. You say that this experience made you feel even more British. But it took you 10 years to decide whether or not to really seek out your biological family. Take me through that process that you had of trying to make that decision.","Well, like you said in the introduction, when I was 19, as far as I knew, I didn't have any family. When my family in the U. K. adopted me from the orphanage in Eritrea, they were told I had no family. My father was dead. My mother was dead. I was, you know, quite literally an orphan.","And so it was only when my father went back to Eritrea in 1993 for the independence celebrations that he visited the orphanage that they got me from. He left a photograph of me there with - there was actually the nun who was in charge of my adoption was still there. She's very so old now, but she was still there.","And he left a photo of me because he thought it would be a nice thing to do. And several months after he returned, we got a letter from somebody who said he was my brother, and basically, it turned out that after my father had left Eritrea, this nun had got in touch with my family, and that's when everything started to unravel."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Family was not lost, but separated by circumstances"} +{"dialogue":["So what I've heard today is that the attack that was feared has begun. The Kurds are already moving people to try to defend their positions against the Turkish tankers. And that raises the problem that worries me most, which is that the ISIS prisoners who are being held are - about 11,000 of them, I'm told - could begin to escape, posing a whole new security problem for the U. S. and all of its allies.","I'm going to talk about the implications of that in a bit. But first, I want to walk through some of the various players in this conflict and their objectives. First, Turkey - what do they hope to gain from this move?","Turkey has said for many months now that it wants a security corridor in northern Syria. It has deep animosity toward the Syrian Kurdish group known as the YPG, which it says is part of the PKK. Forgive all the initials. But these are - they're Kurdish nationalist groups, and the Turks claim that they're terrorists, that they've attacked and killed Turks. So they want the security corridor.","The problem is that the Turks, in trying to take the zone, risk destabilizing an area where security was won at great cost by the Syrian Kurdish militia known as the Syrian Democratic Forces, aided by U. S. Special Forces. So there's fear that this area will just descend into chaos quickly as the Turkish troops come in."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The administration is unsure of how to defend their stance on the citizenship question."} +{"dialogue":["And voters - how are they responding to it?","Well, voters I spoke with today were really unhappy with this redo election. They didn't seem to change their minds, and they mostly voted for the same candidate that they voted for last time. Netanyahu's supporters were very confident in their support for him. But when it came to his main opponent, the retired general, Benny Gantz, his supporters were a lot more pessimistic about his chances. He's a centrist, and some of them are hoping that at least Netanyahu will build a coalition with that centrist party and that could moderate an otherwise right-wing government.","And this is a complex election - right?- with many political parties. What are people saying about the most likely outcomes?","Well, in the last election, Gantz, who's the centrist, the former general, he was slightly ahead. And then Netanyahu pulled ahead. And then when the actual votes were counted, they tied. They had a 35-35 tie. And so now we're going to be looking at that same situation, it appears. If Netanyahu hangs on, he could try to build a right-wing alliance or ally with centrists, including Gantz. All of this is going to depend on one wild card, and that is Avigdor Lieberman. He's right wing, but he could tip either way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again."} +{"dialogue":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes"} +{"dialogue":["So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.","Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.","Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?","Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.","You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Is there any idea what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?"} +{"dialogue":["There are supporters of President Trump's - not necessarily card-carrying Republicans, but some - who look at Barack Obama and say just the fact that he existed, that he was president of the United States, made America more divided. Do you agree with that?","I actually think it polarized Americans because it allowed people to spread this false notion that, look, you have a black president. This black president is a representation of people of color taking over. And when people of color take over, they're going to ruin white lives. Even though the evidence showed that he and others like him were actually creating equal opportunity, were actually making, in certain ways, the lives of white people better. But it allowed people to manipulate Americans into believing that the problem, that the reason why they were struggling was because of black politicians or Latinx immigrants. And then it said to those very people, I will be your savior.","By your definition, is Donald Trump a racist?","Without question. And in many ways, he embodies nearly every aspect of a racist. He's someone who regularly expresses racist ideas, like Latinx immigrants are invading this country, that Mexicans are animals, that black people live in hell, that their communities are infested. But then he simultaneously is supporting policies that specifically target racial groups. We're seeing what's happening at the southern border. We see the ways in which his policies, he's not seeking to protect black people being killed by police. We can see the Muslim ban."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They don't actually carry a card but they are very committed to the republican party."} +{"dialogue":["They sense a market opportunity?","Indeed, it's a huge market opportunity.","You're from Costa Rica, which has been named U. N. champion of the earth.","Indeed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Costa Rica is the best country in the world in terms of doing things that take care of the planet."} +{"dialogue":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. The UNITY Convention, considered to be the largest annual meeting of journalists around the world, kicks off tomorrow in Chicago. The convention brings together the National Association of Black Journalists, the National Association of Hispanic Journalists, the Asian-American Journalist Association, and the Native American Journalist Association.","This year's theme is a new journalism for a changing world. Joining us to talk about the gathering is UNITY president Karen Lincoln Michel. So Karen, can you give us a diversity report card of how the industry is doing overall regarding journalists of color?","Yes. The Radio-Television News Directors Association just released a survey yesterday that showed that there were some slight gains that were made in television among women and minorities. And I'm not sure if that also showed if the work force is shrinking in broadcast, but there some gains made there. But it's still below the levels of people of color in the U. S. population.","There's a recent employment survey of minorities in the newsroom done every year by the American Society of Newspaper Editors. And this year's showed a very slight increase in the number of people of color in supervisory positions. Now granted, the whole industry shrank by about 2,400 positions, and nearly 300 of them were people of color. But in this climate, I think you need to build on small gains like the slight increase in people of color in supervisory positions."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The representation of minorities in newsrooms is still inadequate."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think it's complicated, to be honest with you. I think part of it is that I wanted to appear strong. I wanted to appear as if I could suck it up and take whatever came my way with a sense of humor. I wanted to be taken seriously and not, you know, is one of those women who somehow was overly emotional or naggy or, you know, to complain about, you know, the things that were often said to me or in my presence about other women. And so for me, that was constantly an inner conflict that I was trying to manage. And frankly, there was a lot of productivity probably that went into having to manage that kind of thing that really is real.","Do you think that culture drove out women from the national security environment?I mean, women working in that sect are vastly outnumbered by men?","There's no doubt. We all have our own red lines and our own saturation points that we get to with us. But there's absolutely no doubt. And I say that on the basis of - you know, of data because of women coming to me over time. And sometimes their reasons for leaving were cloaked in other things. But I think that very clearly for a lot of them who were willing to, you know, be a bit more forthright in why they were choosing to leave was the exhaustion.","What is the impact in your view when you don't have women in senior leadership positions?What do women bring to the table?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The lack of women in national security is due to cultural factors which prevents them."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.","And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?","So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.","But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It was a game where the players fought with each other more than played the game."} +{"dialogue":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The levees are old and unable to handle the amount of water released from Keystone Dam, resulting in many evacuations."} +{"dialogue":["I think the sentiment has to change. Two years ago, people were very disappointed about the Occupy Movement that after 71 days, and it came back nothing. But now, the Hong Kong person seems to be - Hong Kong people seems to be much more determined, less (unintelligible). So they have been planting the seed in the heart of the young people.","So this time, we see at the midnight of town, you've got the 300-somethings young peoples being arrested and 80% of them are just 16 to 25 years old. So that's - we haven't been expected. We thought the youngster don't care about politics anymore. But it turns out that those young guys are coming out and becoming the front line. The seed had grown, and they were out.","That is Galileo Cheng. He's a social affairs executive for the Hong Kong Catholic Institution Staff Association. He's been out all day, and he's giving us a report from the front lines of the protests.","Galileo Cheng, thank you so much for talking with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics"} +{"dialogue":["More so than Russia, which we seem to hear. . .","It's not even close.",". . . More about.","Not even close. Now, Russia is more tactical. They will spend their time and effort on onesie-twosie to see recruitments of humans in less. . .","Onesie-twosie recruitments."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you summarized it beautifully at the beginning. Dan Peterson is an amateur astronomer, and really he was just, sort of, bent over his telescope looking through the eyepiece when he saw this brilliant flash of light in the cloud top of Jupiter.","And he immediately went onto the Internet and told a forum of amateurs what he had seen. Now, you know, 10 or 20 years ago, if he had made that report, people would have told him oh, you're crazy, you're seeing things. But in this case, another amateur astronomer, George Hall in Texas, happened to be video recording Jupiter at the same time.","He wasn't actually watching the planet with his own eyes, but he was making a video recording. And when he went and looked back at his footage, he found sure enough, there was a flash of light just when Dan Peterson said that he saw it. And most likely what happened was that an asteroid hit Jupiter - and not a huge asteroid, probably an asteroid about 10 meters or 30 feet in diameter - and it would have exploded at about the - with an energy equal to about 10 times our early atomic bomb.","Wow, what is an asteroid doing near Jupiter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : In the past, people would not believe amateur astronomers, but now there is more trust in their reports."} +{"dialogue":["And Mr. Cohen has had his brushes with the criminal justice system before, hasn't he?","Well, I don't think it's fair to say that he has. I think that there are many people around him who have, ranging from members of his family to myriad business associates - associates of his in the taxi business. When he first got out of law school and started working as a personal injury lawyer in, I think, 1992 or 1993, the first job he took was with a personal injury law firm where the named partner was arrested on bribery charges within a year or two of Michael having arrived there. Now, Michael was a junior associate. You know, I wouldn't want to imply that somehow that related to him, but that was the first known instance of many that followed of Mr. Cohen being around or being involved with people that got into a lot of legal trouble - other lawyers, business associates and so forth.","In the 30 seconds we have left, is he - is Michael Cohen in a position to know a lot about Donald Trump and The Trump Organization that they might rather not have the public know?","I think that's right. But I think we have to make a distinction between knowing a lot that they might not want the public to know to having information that represents evidence that can be used in a criminal prosecution, whether it's of people at The Trump Organization, Mr. Trump's family or Mr. Trump himself, who likely wouldn't be indicted under any circumstances because he's the sitting president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Michael Cohen has been associated with people who have gotten into legal trouble"} +{"dialogue":["What do you think, though, the message is to other countries like China and Russia right now?I mean, we have important talks on the horizon with North Korea. We are in between secretaries of state. We don't even have an ambassador, for example, to South Korea. Ivanka Trump is now doing some of the South Korean diplomacy. What state is our diplomacy in right now?","Well, you know, whenever you file - change a secretary of state, it is disruptive because Rex Tillerson had a year to develop relations with his counterparts and heads of state and government. And that's now been disrupted. On the other hand, the question foreigners always ask is, does the secretary of state speak for the president?And there were questions raised about that because of some of the things President Trump is reported to have said about Rex Tillerson. I think the good news is that by designating Mike Pompeo and expressing confidence in him, I think it will reassure foreign leaders that when Mike Pompeo is secretary, he indeed will be speaking for the president. That's a plus.","Former national security adviser Stephen Hadley, thank you so very much for joining us.","Nice to be with you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The United States is in a weak diplomatic state."} +{"dialogue":["It's a bit of a fly in the ointment for ethical Sarah Palin. There's - in the last month or so, there's been increasing attention paid to an incident in which her opponent say, she pressured her public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband. He's a trooper and what they're saying is that she was trying to get him canned. She denies this, but there's a lot of evidence that suggests - that things are a little more complicated than that and the legislature is investigating now.","Now, she's known as a maverick. She's bucked the establishment so in that way, she compares favorably to John McCain. And tell us a bit more about how she compares with him.","Well, she certainly loves his maverick image. She likes the fact that he challenges the party hierarchy as she has done, and so she's been early McCain supporter on that score. She's got more of a social conservative background than he does, and that may very well be why she's on the ticket because she's got more of those bona fides. But at the same time, some people in Alaska point out that in the two years she's in office so far, she hasn't actually made any big moves on the social conservative front. That she's, you know, she calls herself a social conservative, and certainly has those values, but (unintelligible) necessarily done a lot about it.","Social conservative, she's very pro-life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Sarah Palin hasn't taken any significant actions as a social conservative despite claiming to be one"} +{"dialogue":["A slow cooker does seem to be good for jam - doesn't it?- because it takes. . .","It is great.",". . . A lot of the drudgery out, yeah.","Yeah, it takes a lot of that stirring - and, you know, the worst thing you can do with a jam is spend an arduous amount of time cleaning fruit, getting it together and getting it into a pot and then torching and scorching the bottom of it because of an open flame and a little bit too high heat. The slow cooker really just mellows that out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The slow cooker is a much easier and less time-consuming way to make jam."} +{"dialogue":["But if a member of the Trump team before the election or after the election was talking to the Russians and saying, all right, we are - want to help you throw the election in our favor, is that illegal?I mean, that's what the implication is here essentially.","Actually, Russians telling Trump officials that they want to help in any way to throw the election would not necessarily be illegal. Now, what you look for then are whether the steps taken to fulfill that purpose are criminal. The crimes that get people in trouble in Washington are generally what happens after an event. You know, this is a city filled with A personality types. They tend to try to take control, and God knows, President Trump is the poster boy for that. That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding. But in terms of alleging collusion like it's a standalone crime, I am afraid that dog won't hunt.","That's Jonathan Turley. He's a law professor at George Washington University. Thanks so much.","It's my pleasure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding.\""} +{"dialogue":["Prop 8 was voters saying that they do not want to allow same-sex marriages.","Yes, traditional marriage only. A federal appeals court struck that down. And if the Supreme Court takes that case, they then might be faced with a bigger question about: Is there a right to marry for gays and lesbians?My belief is they're going to put that off a while. They're going to decide this question about DOMA, and legally - and then put off a little while longer the question of what about all the other states where gay marriage is illegal.","And just briefly, David, we have the Voting Rights Act, a very important piece of legislation in this country that could come before the court, as well.","Absolutely. And it's also an old question. It goes back to the '60s. Since the '60s, the South has been under a sort of a special scrutiny. If they change their election laws in any way, they have to get a pre-clearance or an approval from Washington. It - that law is one of the great laws of the 20th century. It changed the South."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Supreme Court might consider legalizing same-sex marriage in the future"} +{"dialogue":["But there's another debate at the end of this month. She's going to have a lot of pressure on her to perform because some of those Democrats didn't maybe see that debate. They're going to be looking to size her up.","And in that debate, of course, she challenged Vice President Joe Biden. And he did not attend this event. And that might be noteworthy.","Yeah. I mean, he went a more traditional route and decided to speak directly to black voters in a key state. He's campaigning in South Carolina, where 60% of the Democratic electorate is black. And he told them yesterday that he was wrong for comments that he made about working with segregationist senators 40 years ago. How he does in South Carolina, though, is going to be key to his chances. Without it, it's hard to see what his path is for winning the nomination.","All right, let's talk about the Trump administration. They are trying to get this citizenship question onto the U. S. Census. Now the president says he is considering an executive order. Are there going to be political consequences for this fight?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are not taking her size but are judging her competence."} +{"dialogue":["This may sound naive, but do you think it works?Do you think what you are doing makes a difference?","Actually, yeah. I had to say so, most of the time. A child just needs some attention, little bit of guidance, you know. And just needs to know that they are not alone in this world. You know, with all these things going on around them, despite the environment that they are living in. Just to know that somebody is there and somebody is willing to listen. And willing to, you know, say wait, you know, whatever situation you maybe in. There is - you always have a choice, you know?","Mario, thank you.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Children need attention, guidance, and someone to listen to them, despite their environment."} +{"dialogue":["Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.","So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.","I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?","As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The US is blocking Iran's access to international markets."} +{"dialogue":["Right. Reckitt Benckiser made Suboxone Film. It was actually made by a division of the company called Indivior, which the parent company spun off five years ago. This is an opioid medication that's actually used to treat people recovering from addiction. You take it by dissolving it under your tongue rather than in tablet form. And back in April, Audie, the Justice Department filed criminal charges, claiming this drug was marketed using false claims that it's safer, less prone to abuse than cheaper alternative drugs. The feds said the company earned billions of dollars bilking healthcare providers and insurers, including Medicaid.","The $1. 4 billion - what is the U. S. government going to do with that money?","Yeah. Well, most of this will go into the federal government's coffers. But interestingly here, $200 million will be divided up between any states that sign onto the settlement - the money going to reimburse their Medicaid budgets.","But if the company doesn't make this drug anymore and now you've got the spin-off company that makes it, why did they agree to this huge payout?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The company may be motivated to pay the settlement to avoid further legal complications."} +{"dialogue":["Why change the law to assure social benefits will go to people, regardless of immigration status?","Immigrants contribute to our country economically. Immigrants pay taxes. And when we begin to unify our systems, I think that we will get more cohesive immigration policy, economic policy, political policy. I think that there's a political argument, an economic argument, a moral argument, for doing so. And I think it sends a message that if you contribute to our society, you should benefit from our society.","Now you're correct that immigrants pay taxes, and even people who are here without legal status often end up paying taxes. And yet, you can see the objection to that. Why should someone who is here illegally be able to claim Medicare, to claim Social Security, who knows what else?","Well, I mean, why should a billionaire who evades taxes collect Social Security, too?I think that what we can do is we can tighten up our systems and increase accountability. But what this says is that we will not discriminate solely based on immigration status."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : We need shift focus to stop the people who are scamming the system and not discriminate against honest people because they are immigrants."} +{"dialogue":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"heavy time\" is a figurative expression that conveys the intensity of the situation, particularly the high level of activity and enthusiasm in India."} +{"dialogue":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S. was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Southwest has continued to buy fuel ahead despite the rising oil prices over the years"} +{"dialogue":["Thank you. How are you?","I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S. team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?","It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.","Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The person must be watching every moment and every detail of the games."} +{"dialogue":["That's a separate project and the basic premises for Stratolaunch is that there are satellite customers who are really want a lot of flexibility in launch location. So the rocket can be picked up by a giant aircraft and the launch can occur, I think, almost anywhere on Earth. That's the basic idea with Stratolaunch, or that's the premise. But it's independent from our other activities.","So like going back to the '60s with dropping an X-15 out of the belly of a bomber and shooting it up into space.","Right, right. It doesn't result in a cost-savings, but it does result in increased launch life flexibility.","Mm-hmm. And just - while I have you here for a few here for a few seconds, let's talk a bit about Tesla Motors if you don't mind."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Stratolaunch is similar to dropping X-15 out of a bomber in the 60s."} +{"dialogue":["And does it help to have someone like Drake courtside (laughter)?","I think for some people it does. I think the power of celebrity is something that is immensely powerful. And he's someone that just adds to the level of attention that's happening here. This is going to be the first championship series for a major sport in Canada in the Internet era, and every bit of notoriety helps, and Drake is a part of that.","Bruce Arthur, sports columnist for the Toronto Star. Thank you for talking about the Raptors with us, and best of luck.","Absolutely. My pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Drake contributes to the publicity of the Raptors' championship series"} +{"dialogue":["They all talk about the shape of the recession. The conventional wisdom for a while was that we'd have a V-shape recession, which means a downturn and then a bounce back up, just like the letter V. But I think most of them agree that we're going to get something more like a U-shaped recession and recovery, which means that it could be sort of a long period of no growth before we start to go up again.","There's a term people use, emerging markets - countries, small countries that one would have hoped for in terms of influencing the global economy. What do you think about that - about those countries?","Well, you know, the hope for a while was that the emerging economies would pick up the slack if U. S. growth slowed down. So I'm talking about countries like Brazil, India, China, Russia. And the theory for a while was that these countries had become decoupled from the U. S. economy, that they had their own momentum in terms of economic growth. But now I think people are realizing that the decoupling was something of a myth.","Blake Hounshell is the Web editor of Foreign Policy Magazine. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery"} +{"dialogue":["And so where do we go from here?One of the things that happened after the decree was issued is the stock market plunged.","Well, at this point, we'll have to see. I mean, these huge numbers came out tonight. It's unclear if the president will have a new reaction to this, but in their mind, they have to push forward. They're going to get a constitution out even if it does lack some legitimacy internationally and domestically because of what's happened with these decrees, because of the walkouts that have come out.","And a lot of his political opponents, people that were unable, you know, Mohammed Morsi was elected also very - by a very slim margin of the population. So you're seeing former presidential candidates like Amr Moussa, once the foreign minister here, once the head of the Arab League, Mohamed ElBaradei, the Nobel laureate. Those people are really capitalizing on this real anger towards Mohammed Morsi and possibly rejuvenating their political careers. So we'll really have to see. We're seeing a very divided nation, and many people are very worried about what will happen next.","There is, as you mentioned, it is an Islamist victory in those elections, but it was not just the Muslim Brotherhood. A big fraction of that was Salafis, who are even more extreme."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Mohammed Morsi's political opponents are using the people's anger for their own gain"} +{"dialogue":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The process of restoring voting rights is too complicated and difficult for ex-felons to understand or complete."} +{"dialogue":["And we actually have a link to how to take the test up on our website at sciencefriday. com. People can try it out for themselves. What other things can you measure with this test besides bias in that way?","It's been very useful in measuring gender stereotypes. For example, it shows that there are strong stereotypes that associate male with science, female with arts, and we found that this is correlated with different countries. The strength of this implicit stereotype, is what we call it, predicts male-female differences in performance on standardized tests that are administered every few years.","There's a gender career stereotype that associates women with family, men with careers, and you'd think that this is something that men would show, but women would reject. Actually, the implicit association test shows that women have this stereotype, this implicit stereotype, even a little more strongly than men. And we found in research, others have found in research, that this stereotype is associated with women experiencing difficulty in the workplace.","It's sort of a force inside their head that gives them a source of conflict or a feeling of discomfort in career situations.","Speaking of inside your head, can you tell anything about people's mental health from the test?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There is a strong gender stereotype associating males with science and females with arts that affects performance on standardized tests."} +{"dialogue":["Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?","Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.","Hmm. What about the \"Farmers' Almanac\"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?","Well, I think the \"Farmers' Almanac,\" they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm and cold air"} +{"dialogue":["I know as far as me in the glamour I always go back to self-responsibility. It really does have to start with the person. They have to make a choice to want to get educated about HIV, and learn about it. And I really think that people should realize that it's a 100 percent - 100 percent preventable disease. It's a disease you don't have to get. It is something you have to acquire. So, I really want people, you know, to get that in their head. Like, quit blaming, you know, the media, or rap videos, or you know, school systems. It really has to start with you.","If you had to describe in one word what keeps you going when you're down, what would it be?","Life. You know, just me. I'm my own motivation, I'm my own role model, you know, I love me, and I'm very happy, you know, that HIV presented itself in my life. You know, a lot of people would regret it or whatever, but it really taught me self-love, self-acceptance, and self-responsibility. And that's the best thing I could possibly ask for.","Well, Marvelyn, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Living with HIV has taught me to love and accept myself, and I am grateful for the experience."} +{"dialogue":["Right now, American voters are debating whether to put a black man in the White House. In \"Palace Council,\" a reporter named Eddie Wesley finds himself both professionally and personally connected to race, political violence and murder. I asked Professor Carter how he balances his life as a novelist and a Law Professor at Yale?","I think it was more of an escape. When I'm a law professor, I deal with difficult and even depressing subjects. I teach in areas like law and religion, or integrity and ethics, things like that. Writing novels, for me, writing fiction turns out to be a good balance. I write them mainly as entertainment, it's fun for me to write them, and it seems to be fun for readers to read them. Anyway people keep buying them.","Always good. This book really enters some very heavy research territory. As you flip through \"Palace Council,\" you will see John Kennedy referenced, you will see the Vietnam War referenced, Richard Nixon referenced. Tell us a little bit about the structure of the novel, and why all of these actual people show up?","My first two novels, although they were thrillers, I guess I'd call them campus thrillers. They were both set on a mythical Ivy League campus in New England. This novel is, I guess you'd call it, a historical thriller. It begins in the '60s and runs through the '70s, and it tells the story of a massive conspiracy among families. Some very powerful and shadowy families. Some white, and some black, too, aiming at control of the Oval Office."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They aren't literally going to put a black man in the White House, they are going to vote him in."} +{"dialogue":["Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.","I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The US immigration policy should bring in the best and brightest from around the world"} +{"dialogue":["And we've been getting reaction. President Trump has tweeted his condolences. And there's reaction coming in from around the world on this Easter Sunday. Tell us what you've heard.","Right. So this footage is just so disturbing. And so people in other time zones are waking up to the horror of this and sending in these messages of shock and condemnation. President Trump, as you mentioned, tweeted heartfelt condolences. He said, quote, \"we stand ready to help\" - exclamation point. Also, messages are coming in from European leaders and the prime minister of New Zealand, which sadly just suffered attacks on some of its own places of worship - mosques - last month. Pope Francis spoke at St. Peter's Square in Rome. He said he wants to express his affectionate closeness to the Christian community in Sri Lanka and to the victims there.","Lauren, can you give us some background?There was a long civil war in Sri Lanka, which ended in 2009. What is the context for these attacks?","That's right. So what's sad is that Sri Lanka was just about to celebrate 10 years of peace - almost to the day - since that civil war ended. It was a bloody war; it lasted 26 years. Sri Lanka is a mostly Buddhist country - about 70 percent. It also has significant religious minorities - Hindus, Muslims and Christians."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People don't actually stand ready to help but they are alert and ready to help when needed."} +{"dialogue":["Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?","We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S. She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S. has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S. passports, but the U. S. is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.","As you point out, this is not just about U. S. citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?","Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K. has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people."} +{"dialogue":["That's the most egregious part of this scandal - is that she and her boyfriend Sunny Balwani, who was the No. 2 of the company, knew as they were rolling out the blood-testing services in Walgreens stores in California and Arizona that the blood tests were faulty. And yet they still went ahead with the rollout. And there were - I came across personally in my reporting more than a dozen patients who had health scares because they received bad results from Theranos.","How could so many smart people be fooled?","Well, I think she capitalized on this in part - it's not the only answer. But she capitalizes on this yearning there was in Silicon Valley and beyond to see a woman breakthrough in this man's world in Silicon Valley. If you look back over the past 30 years, all these tech founders that have gone on to be billionaires and icons are all men. Elizabeth Holmes was going to be that first tech founder who became a billionaire.","John Carreyrou - his book \"Bad Blood\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Elizabeth Holmes was able to attract attention and investment by presenting herself as a woman who could succeed in a male-dominated industry."} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, this is NEWS AND NOTES. I'm Tony Cox. We begin today with some important economic news. Last week for the very first time oil jumped past the $100 a barrel mark. Since then prices have dropped but only slightly. And now there's more news of instability in the Middle East with the Turkish incursion into northern Iraq. With Middle Eastern tensions controlling what we pay at the pump, the chance that the cost of oil will continue to rise seems all but inevitable.","But how will rising oil prices affect you, and what can we do about it?Meanwhile, the current economic strain is hitting some people pretty hard. Folks are tapping into those 401(k) nest eggs to pay bills and buy gas and groceries. But is that any way to manage your retirement fund?With me now to talk about oil prices and your 401(k), we've got Author and Economist Julianne Malveaux. She is president of Bennett College. Julianne, nice to talk to you as always.","Always a pleasure, Tony.","Let's begin with this. Folks were waiting for oil to hit that $100 a barrel mark. It came and it went. My question is going to be how you thought folks felt the strain, because I did notice, Julianne, that my gas went up again in the last couple of weeks. Is that why?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Julianne is expressing appreciation for Tony's invitation to the conversation."} +{"dialogue":["And what Kansas has done is to try to turn things around once again so that not every parolee who runs afoul of an administrative rule, is immediately shipped back to prison, but instead is given another chance. And actually, the parole officer will work with them to try to keep them out of prison, as opposed to just trying to lock them - lock the cuffs on them as fast as possible.","Well, Jennifer, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Thanks so much, Farai.","Jennifer Gonnerman is the author of \"Life on the Outside: The Prison Odyssey of Elaine Bartlett. \"She wrote the article, \"Slammed: Welcome to the Age of Incarceration. \"It's the lead article in a special edition of Mother Jones magazine examining America's prison system. And she joined us from our NPR Studios in New York."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates a rule is sent back to prison immediately"} +{"dialogue":["Is anyone doing that research?","Well, I have the good fortune of working on an NSF career ward myself, entitled tornado-resilient communities. And we're sort of scratching the surface here, trying to first of all apply what knowledge we know from our wind hazard research here in Florida and all the work that has been done by the emergency management and the building codes here.","But beyond that, I'm working with manufacturers of adhesive products and so on to develop new ways, new, more resistant ways in which we can actually get these buildings held together.","You think some sort of building Super Glue?Is that what you're talking about?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They are just beginning and working with the first part of the data."} +{"dialogue":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S. auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S. manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The U.S. auto industry heavily relies on just-in-time inventory strategy and factories would shut down quickly if the border is closed."} +{"dialogue":["Is there any recourse here whatsoever, and is there any way to see from here on out how companies are actually using this bailout money, to be very clear about where and who it's going to?","Well, if your question goes beyond executive compensation to how the money is being used, yeah, we have a special inspector general that is overseeing it. We also have the General Accounting Office doing some review. We do have a problem with the General Accounting Office; can it get bank records so we know what they're using their money for?No, we need to clarify that in the law. You know, the oversight is meant to be strong through the special inspector-general. As a practical matter, will it be?We're going to have to wait a month or two to find out.","Charles Grassley is the Republican senator from Iowa. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Companies are misusing bailout money and need to be held accountable and punished for doing so. "} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Democrats wanting to impeach Trump is not a good idea and they should focus on other issues."} +{"dialogue":["These companies have existed before, but there's a lot more from these appraisal management companies. So the lender and mortgage broker has to send the order to them, this middleman, and then they go find an appraiser in your local area to go look at your house.","Now, there's a lot of concerns that these appraisal management companies are not the answer. They are not going to fix this problem. There's not a lot of regulation of these appraisal management companies, so some states are trying to fix that. We don't really know who's getting into this business. Are these the people to be entrusting this doing important job to?","So let's say you're a consumer. Let's say you're a person who's looking to buy a home, sell a home, or you want to refinance. What can you do to make sure you're not dealing with an appraiser who's got other motivations?","Well, first of all, you want to be very direct with your broker or lender and ask them, who is doing the appraisal on my house?You want to know the name of the company. Is it a company that they have a relationship with, a business relationship?Is it a company the lender partly owns?And certainly, you want to get a copy of that appraisal. And certainly, borrowers also have the ability - they can go seek out an independent appraisal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The process of getting an appraisal is now more complicated because there are middlemen involved."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The citizenship question has been a topic of confusion and inconsistency."} +{"dialogue":["They knocked on the door once. And they knocked - barged into his fifth-floor flat and found the two of them in bed together. So that was the impetus to get a case of adultery against my mother.","Helen was forced to give baby James up to be raised by John Graham, who then divorced her. Father Sullivan was dragged back to his religious order. Graham says Sullivan spent the next 16 years being quote, \"rehabilitated\" at what was known as a priest prison in Essex, N. Y. Can I ask you, when you look at the church now and that it took so long to get this answer, what do you think about the way this was handled?","Well, it was handled poorly because they could have told me from day one, yes, your Father Sullivan's son. And I have some documents that show my father had a relationship with a woman. Other documents they said were purged. And I believe those documents were about me. They didn't have to put me through this emotional trauma of exhuming his body. It's just terrible.","Now that you have your answer, what's next for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He was forced to go back to the church under protest and resistance from himself."} +{"dialogue":["So when we think of plays like \"Romeo And Juliet,\" quite often they mention - well, in particular \"Romeo And Juliet\" - it mentions nightingales and particularly larks. And indeed would make the sound of a lark. So found - in any other context you could just say, oh, it's a (unintelligible). But found in this context, there's a possibility that it was used, as you say, as a special effect during performance.","Oh, my word. What else have you found that'd we'd enjoy hearing about?","We're just starting to find things that may have been used by actors or the audience - things like clay pipes or hair combs and the old coin.","What will become of the Curtain when you're done?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"What will become of the Curtain when you're done?\" - This question is not about the physical fate of the curtain, but rather about the future of the theater itself. The Curtain was the name of a famous theater in Shakespeare's time, so the question is really asking what will happen to the theater once the research project is completed."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. The deficit - you can think about that - that's just a gap between what the government spends and what it takes in. So if you outspend your paychecks a month, you might put the difference on your credit card. The government does the same. That's the deficit. The debt is like the accumulated credit card balance, the sum of all the deficits you've run in the previous months or years.","So the bigger that balance on the government's credit card, the more the government has to pay in interest costs. And that means it's got less money available to spend on everything else we want the government to do. What's more, if the government's borrowing a whole lot of money, that potentially means there's less money available for individuals and businesses that want to borrow. And that can have the effect of curbing economic growth. Economists call that the crowding out effect.","This was a huge issue for Republicans, and they seem now to have backed off of that.","Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The deficit and debt are similar to a person overspending and accumulating credit card debt."} +{"dialogue":["Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S. withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .","That has. . .","Yes, go ahead.","I'm sorry. I was just going to say that has been North Korea's position forever. Their view of denuclearization is that they give up their nuclear weapons when the United States gives up its nuclear weapons. We haven't had nuclear weapons stationed in South Korea since 1992. That's not what the North Koreans are talking about. And if the president had actually had listened to North Korean experts, proliferation experts, he would have understood that when the North Koreans were agreeing to complete denuclearization, that meant the U. S. denuclearizing, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The North Korean definition of denuclearization is different from the US definition."} +{"dialogue":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The implication of this statement is that the scientific community needs to come together and use their collective power to push for change."} +{"dialogue":["Milliseconds. It happens really quick, and it's something that you just don't think about. It actually just a reflex and it happened. And it was like I said a rarity. The one prior to mine was in 1927. So it was 40 some years between the one that was made and mine.","The thing is, I wonder if people in the stands even realized what had happened - because this goes by so quickly. It's not even like watching a home run. If you watch a home run the ball kind of hangs in the air for three or four seconds or so. This is over even faster than that. Bang.","To tell you the truth. On my part it was such a rarity that even I had not thought about the unassisted part of the play. I realized at the time that it was a triple play. You know, it was all three outs, but had never really thought about the unassisted part because it was such a rarity that no one ever really talked about them.","Ron, was that moment it for you in your baseball career?Is that - what could be better than that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The rareness of the event made it unexpected and surprising."} +{"dialogue":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr. Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : If the Trump administration offers to remove some of the sanctions on Iran, Iran would be willing to negotiate."} +{"dialogue":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C. area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The sectors are protected from having to layoff any employees."} +{"dialogue":["He was very cordial. He shook my hand. He gave me the Klan handshake. He didn't know that I knew it was the Klan handshake, but he did give it to me. If you shake a person's hand and you extend your index and middle finger along their wrist - and as you pumping their hand, you start pressing your fingers in their wrist area. It's the Klan handshake.","The question that you wind up wrestling with, I think at the end of the book, is - well, let me put it this way - that the Klan and David Duke specifically are hateful and jerks is beyond dispute. You don't wind up with a lot of regard for their intelligence, which raises the question, how dangerous are they?","Very. When I say they are not the brightest, they were not the brightest light bulbs in the socket. The people I was dealing with were not. David Duke, in spite of his having - at that time, he had a master's degree in political science from Louisiana State University. I merely had a high school education and about 12 hours of college credit. So the very fact that he was being conned by somebody with a lower degree of education than him, I'll admit, I got a particular thrill out of that. But let nobody who reads my book think that these people because they weren't the brightest light bulbs in the socket were not and are not dangerous. They were very serious.","What do you think you learned about the KKK and racism and bigotry during those months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The KKK is dangerous despite not being intelligent."} +{"dialogue":["As any historian will tell you, history is a living thing. And there's always a debate over how events can be interpreted and understood. Poland recently has gone a step further, legislating how to talk about one of the darkest periods in its history.","We are in a moment when we decide about how we're going to teach about and remember the Holocaust in the future.","Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S. State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The law punishing those who suggest Poland was complicit in the Holocaust will stifle discussion about atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II."} +{"dialogue":["But this radicalization on the Internet is something that the FBI has been talking about for years, and it hasn't been licked. And clearly, this is an example of that since we know that the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, spent a lot of time on the Internet, on jihadi websites.","And again, if he says anything to the investigators before he's Mirandized, that is nothing they can use in a case against him. However, given the mountain of evidence - including this video that's been described to you - they may not need it.","Well, it's funny because depending on which lawyer you talk to, they will disagree with your first supposition; which is, that it's not admissible if you evoke the public safety exception. In fact, part of the reason for the public safety exception, instead of just talking to somebody without Mirandizing them, is that some of that information may well be admissible. But in this case, this is a bit of a slam dunk. They have video on this young man, and he's going to have a hard time saying that he wasn't involved.","NPR counterterrorism correspondent Dina Temple-Raston, with us here in Studio 42 - our very first guest in Studio 42. Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The radicalization of people through activity on the internet has not been defeated yet."} +{"dialogue":["I think that, you know, the fantasy genre, it lets you explore all these human emotions and feelings. But now, going back and learning about his passion for language and realizing that each word, name of a place or person, it's steeped in so much history and thought that you realize that the reason these worlds feel so realistic and are easy to disappear into are because of the amount of work he put into it - and building maps so that he could figure out how long it would take a character to travel from this area to this area and if they could reliably be there in the time it needed for the story to work and make sense. And just things that - the depth of his knowledge and creation was incredible.","So last question, I understand that you can speak some Elvish now (laughter) as part. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Of your going into the characters. I was wondering if you could say something for us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : You don't disappear but get involved in the story due to the worlds."} +{"dialogue":["That's right. Even as he says he's open to talking with China, the president has left in place this latest round of tariffs, and the tariff rate is still 15%. That's up from 10% when the tax was initially announced.","Trump is also threatening to raise the tariff rate on another $250 billion worth of Chinese imports that are already being taxed at 25%. Trump wants to raise that to 30% on October 1 unless there's some kind of deal between now and then. U. S. and Chinese negotiators are supposed to meet here in Washington sometime this month in September, but we haven't seen a real date yet.","How is all this affecting businesses, consumers?","Consumers are still spending pretty freely. We got new numbers from the Commerce Department on Friday showing consumer spending grew at a solid pace in July. And that's encouraging because consumer spending has been the most durable pillar propping up the economy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Spending is not an actual pillar but the strongest part of the economy."} +{"dialogue":["And you'll vote again, yes, today.","I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.","There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.","We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be."} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C. Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Political conversations can be contentious and require preparation"} +{"dialogue":["The fear is magnified by a third factor, which is uncertainty, and the uncertainty level is enormous right now. We're really at the brink. People don't know - are we entering an inflationary environment or a deflationary environment?We really don't know what's going to happen. And the potential outcomes are so different and so huge in their consequences that there's just an enormous amount of uncertainty, and that magnifies the fear. People say, I don't want to play this game if I don't have any idea where it's going to head.","Haven't there been studies that show that people are more motivated by fear than by the lure of profit or the lure of gain?","Exactly. People are twice as afraid of taking a loss or afraid of the pain of taking a loss as they are of the feel of pleasure of taking a gain. So what you have in the markets is the effect where as stocks drop and people become more and more into negative territory, they're both afraid of taking the pain of a loss but at some point, as they're riding down, they're losing stocks, they capitulate. They finally throw in the towel and say, that's it. This is too much pain. I can't take it anymore. It's one explanation for why bull markets tend to be long and trending while bear markets like this are rapid and short.","So how do we get out of this?How do we get out of this negative feedback loop?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : People are more afraid of losing than they are of gaining in the stock market."} +{"dialogue":["We wanted to show that it's much more than just the bad guys and the good guys. I remember that I went to the writer's room. And when we were sitting there, I said, I really want to be able and love and want to play every and each role in this show. Most of the terrorists that I saw on TV shows and movies are just the bad guys. Nothing - they didn't have kids. They didn't have families. They didn't have love. They didn't have anything.","And we wanted to show that. We wanted to show that the Israelis - they are not just the soldiers, the brutal bad soldiers. And this is why people feel compassion for both sides. But I can tell you that the terrorists in our show, when they go out in the streets of Israel - even in settlements - it doesn't matter where - people just want to take a selfie with him.","(Laughter).","They became sex symbols for Jewish and Arabs. It doesn't matter. It's like - it's crazy (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The fact that people want to take selfies with terrorists is surprising and absurd."} +{"dialogue":["Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.","We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?","Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.","But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Offering tax breaks to billion-dollar companies can entice them to invest in new antibiotics."} +{"dialogue":["We reached out to everyone. And basically, they said, as so many doctors are want to say, we don't think about price when we prescribe. We just want to give, you know. . .","The best thing that's out there.","The best. But I'd have to say in this case there's not even proof that this is the best. In the studies that got this drug approved, this drug was only effective in curing toenail fungus from 6 to about 9 percent of the time after 11 months of treatment. So it's not even a very effective drug.","From your reporting on this, though, why do doctors do this?They say it's not about cost, but is there an ulterior motive - something that makes certain doctors push certain medicines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Doctors may have an ulterior motive for prescribing certain medications"} +{"dialogue":["I think it may encourage a few big states, as I mentioned, to try to move away a little bit from weighing race and trying to find a way, like this top 10 law, rewarding top graduates, find a way to bring in more minority students but without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy.","Now some will remember there was another case I think from the University of Michigan that was also broadly about affirmative action. Does the Texas case supplant that, or are we awaiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well?","We're waiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well. That will be argued in the fall. The lower court decided that on a different basis, basically said that they threw out - the lower court threw out a state proposition, a ballot measure that prohibited affirmative action in Michigan. And so that's a different legal issue, and the court's going to hear that case and decide it next year.","Well, a couple of other interesting cases they picked up for next year announced today, one of them McCullen v. Coakley, which takes on the issue of protestors at abortion clinics. And as I understand it, their case argues that the law in Massachusetts that prohibits them from barring entry to - they have to be a certain distance away from entries to abortion clinics, that violates their right to free speech."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It may encourage states from taking race into account on college admissions."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : White youth are overrepresented in high-level treatment facilities."} +{"dialogue":["I understand, Mr. Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The young idealists who attended the reunion are still passionate and hopeful despite their age"} +{"dialogue":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. Today, federal marshals continued their search for a 38-year-old man from Indiana. They believe Marcus Schrenker faked a distress call while flying his single engine plane over Alabama shortly before he parachuted out of it. The plane later crashed in a swamp 200 miles away in Florida.","Schrenker is an investment manager, and it appears he was in some financial difficulty. With more now, we're joined by business reporter Jeff Swiatek, who joins us from the newsroom of the Indianapolis Star. Jeff, welcome to the program. And could you tell us why federal marshals are assuming this distress call was fake?","Well, I guess all the evidence seems to point that way. His distress call mentioned an imploded windscreen on his airplane. When they scrambled some military jets to check out the plane, the windshield was still intact, and the wreckage on the ground also indicates the windshield is intact.","So Schrenker parachutes out of this plane. Do they know where he went after that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Schrenker's distress call was fabricated and he left the plane intentionally"} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. In fact, that is advice that students are given. Be sure and use the longest possible word you can. Don't settle for anything simple. And often what they end up doing is inventing a great deal. I've talked with teachers who have evaluated these, and one was telling me a story about this student who wrote about his whole family dying in a plane crash. Well, maybe that happened but it's entirely possible that it didn't.","I'm wondering, professor, those who are on the College Board say in fact they don't believe there's a formula, there's not shortcuts and the people who are doing the reading know how to spot gimmicks.","The teachers that I have talked to who are scorers certainly do know how to spot gimmicks. And I think that's why the teacher who told me the story about the whole family killed in the plane crash was spotting the gimmick. But that that doesn't prevent students from trying to use those gimmicks. They're trying to, in some way, make themselves distinctive and capture the attention of readers who, at best, are going to be skimming what they're reading because the scoring process for the SAT requires the scores - if you are hired as a scorer, what you have to be able to do is to read 20 essays in an hour, which is three minutes per essay. And if you are trying to earn extra money, you get a bonus if you can read 30.","I certainly didn't know this. So, the graders get a cash bounty for being superficial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Gas stations may be charging unfair prices due to the damage caused by the storm."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Democrats should focus on other important issues like healthcare, money in politics, and climate change rather than impeaching Trump."} +{"dialogue":["Sure.","Because there are already a number of candidates who think. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Who are from the West. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Chinese government wanted to control the narrative portrayed by the foreign journalists."} +{"dialogue":["Ms. C. VIVIAN STRINGER (Basketball Coach, Rutgers University; Author, \"Standing Tall\"): I'm fine, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing great. Now in this book, you only really address the Imus controversy at the end because you have had so many different life experiences: coal-miner's daughter, integrated a cheerleading squad. What did you learn from your childhood?","You know, I learned that you have to stand up. You don't make excuses for the things that you don't have. You have to work hard. I try to have shortcuts, but you have to be willing to pay the price. And at the end of the day, you know, whatever happens, you must learn to define yourself and use your own measuring stick rather than that of others. And I thought that my parents were tremendous leaders and taught me how to stand up, and that's what I attempt to do with the young people that I'm working with now.","You really spend a lot of loving moments talking about your father, who sacrificed a lot for your family. He was a musician and took a job so that he could support you guys. What did you learn from him?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Personal responsibility, hard work, and self-acceptance are essential for success."} +{"dialogue":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Social media can significantly increase the number of visitors to remote locations, causing issues with facilities."} +{"dialogue":["But that's the idea.","So far, on your video, you show that you can make something that looks like Band-Aid, like cover a cut.","It's like a blob. But it's a really beautiful blob.","It's beautiful. I think it reminded me of flower petals, you know, opening and closing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is different than what most people would imagine a blob to be."} +{"dialogue":["Well, when the storm stops, and they give the all-clear to leave, the first thing will be to see if we even have a car that we can get into because they're expecting flooding in this area. And then we'll go from there - one step at a time.","Well, thank you very much. Susie and Ben Black talking to us from the maternity ward at HealthPark Medical Center. . .","Thank you.",". . . In Fort Myers, Fla."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time"} +{"dialogue":["Yes, yes indeed, yeah.","Where are they now?","They're blue-collar, and many of them remain Democrats, although when the national election comes, many of them outside of Allegheny County do start voting Republican. Part of the reason is that this is an older state, and for pensioners, unless the economy is really going haywire and frightening them about the condition of their pensions and the future of their Social Security, they are going to worry less about breadbasket issues than they're going to worry about the social flashpoint issues.","And out here, Democrats, and we're talking about liberals, Democrats are pro-Second Amendment. They're pro-life. They are very religious. They're socially conservative. Gay marriage simply confounds them as a theory. In other words, we're talking about a place where the liberals have guns.","And so, where are those liberals going?Are they going to Obama or McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Liberals in this area hold conservative beliefs and values."} +{"dialogue":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S. back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S. companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S. intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S. and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Trump administration is actively trying to limit the use of Huawei equipment by its allies."} +{"dialogue":["That is the wildest story.","Ah, this is just wonderful drama, and the fact that now he lands on Broadway?Oh, come on. I mean, this is probably going to carry us through December. You know, just hope he doesn't get hurt, then all of a sudden it's. . .","(Singing) Da, da, da, da. . .","You know?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting."} +{"dialogue":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration"} +{"dialogue":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The impact of Hurricane Dorian resulted in extensive damage and loss of life."} +{"dialogue":["Do you remember that question about any practical applications?And what did you say?Do you remember what you said?","Yeah, I said practical applications are science fiction, that we just can't make enough antimatter to be useful. It would take longer than the age of the universe to accumulate macroscopic amounts of antimatter to make a weapon or a rocket fuel or something like that. So this is really pure research, right?We're looking at, you know, one or few atoms at a time. There's 10 to the 24th atoms in a macroscopic amount of hydrogen or antihydrogen, so we're just nowhere near there. But it's still a lot of fun.","Yeah. So the answer to the question of a practical application is still absolutely no.","Yeah, nothing has changed there and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He said that practical applications are things a person would only find in science fiction novels and shows. It can not be done in reality."} +{"dialogue":["I also translated my previous novel, \"The Corpse Washer\" - I translated it from Arabic to English.","But with this novel, you chose to have someone else translate it into English. Why?","Well, in all honesty, the subject matter of the novel is quite intimate and has a lot to do with my own memories of my home city and what it means also to be an Iraqi living in the U. S. and watching the - my new country bomb my homeland. So it's very traumatic. So when Jonathan Wright offered - as soon as the novel came out in Arabic, he offered to translate it. I - he's an experienced, excellent translator, so I said, why not, you know?","I think I hear you telling me you could not go through that story twice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The traumatic memories of the author made it hard for him to translate the novel himself, so he had someone else do it"} +{"dialogue":["With more tariffs looming in the U. S. -China trade war, American companies are growing more pessimistic about the outlook for doing business in China. But 87% of U. S. firms with operations in China say they still haven't moved production to another country, and they have no plans to do so. That's according to a new survey from the U. S. -China Business Council.","To find out why most plan to stay put, we've called up Jay Foreman. He's the CEO of Basic Fun. It's the toy company that makes K'Nex, Lincoln Logs, Cutetitos and Pound Puppies.","Jay Foreman, welcome.","Thank you. Glad to be here.","So I understand that currently 90% of your products are manufactured in China. Tell me why. What benefits does China offer you to base your manufacturing there?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : What is China offering you to keep using them to manufacture the products?"} +{"dialogue":["He is. But he also made a point when he put out a statement saying they would look at this is that he's still a very strong supporter of the Second Amendment, so I wouldn't expect a big fundamental change here. I think what he's saying is if they can present - and he's directed Republican chairmen to work with Democrats - if they can come up with something that can pass with overwhelming support in the Senate, he would be willing to bring it to the floor. But, again, he's not promising an outcome. He's just promising a debate.","So that's the Republicans. But briefly, Sue, the Democrats are really talking about this, not just as a gun debate but also as a hate crime, right?","Right. It wasn't just about guns. It was about race, and they have noted that there's things that they could look for this fall in spending bills to beef up how the government spends its resources to combat white supremacy. And that might be a different kind of debate we hear this fall.","All right. That's NPR's congressional correspondent Sue Davis. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Democrate are really taking about race and resources to combat white supremacy."} +{"dialogue":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power."} +{"dialogue":["About 50% of my business was China 'cause I focused on that sector of the business.","And now what proportion of your business - what proportion of your lobsters go to China?","Zero. I can't sell a lobster to China. I can't compete with Canadians.","So you have lost half of your business."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Despite having a large market potential, the Chinese market is difficult to penetrate due to competition from Canadian suppliers."} +{"dialogue":["Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.","And what are we expecting there?","Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.","We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Londoners dislike the president's policies and comments about women."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.","You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.","All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled \"Midsummer. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life."} +{"dialogue":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : People do not have roots but they do have places where they began something or where family is."} +{"dialogue":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences."} +{"dialogue":[". . . He had some important local impact. And that is something that we should not lose sight of - is that the journalists that are being targeted in Mexico are local journalists doing the work that no other news organization, the large news organizations are not doing, which is expose. . .","Yeah.",". . . Corruption, expose crime, expose government negligence in the localities and cities and towns across Mexico, and we are being deprived of those voices.","I gather that cartel violence is also growing in Mexico. Do you see these two facts as related?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : We are being deprived of the media that tells the stories of illegal activity in Mexico."} +{"dialogue":["Iran airstrike - canceled. Raids on immigrants here in the United States without authorization - canceled. President Trump has promised and then gone back on a number of signature actions this past week. And here to illuminate us, as she does almost every week, is NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson.","Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, Lulu.","All right, let's start with Iran. That is a very dangerous situation. Where does the president's policy stand after calling off the airstrikes?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : She does not light them up but tells them what is going on with everything."} +{"dialogue":["And so you thought, wow. I never thought about how terrible that might - to be on that boat with all those creatures for so long.","Yeah. It seemed like a totally terrifying prospect to me to not only know that you had to keep them alive because you were the only reason life would continue post-flood but then also that they were dangerous. And they - you know, even if you go to a farm that's lovely, it still smells or petting zoos or all these things I was doing with my young son. I was like, wow. This smells. And we're, like, out in the open. Imagine on a boat (laughter). And I'm really interested in biology and bodies and, you know, as much as we are shedding and getting oily, like, so are the animals. And - but she has to not only take care of herself but take care of all of them and their super varied needs.","Well, you mentioned bodies. And that's the perfect segue way to the fact that there's, actually, a fair amount of what I would call erotica in this book.","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Italy may run out of its own olive oil and need to use oils from other origins."} +{"dialogue":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The discoveries made in the last 10 years provide a new opportunity to understand the communication of extinct dinosaurs."} +{"dialogue":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S. law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade."} +{"dialogue":["Always a pleasure, Neal.","And how big is this change?","It is big. The previous record was in 2007, where a very large percentage of this ice melted away. This year, it's already bigger than 2007 by an area the size of Texas. This is - this really shattered that record which in itself was a pretty dramatic departure from the average.","And, well, if things melt, it's because things are warmer, right?","That is exactly right. And what happens also is the Arctic ice has been getting thinner over the years. And so it used to be that you can have some warm summers up there, and you wouldn't melt it all away because you'd have 10 feet or 20 feet thick of ice. And you'd melt some of it, but you wouldn't melt it all the way through. But because of this warming trend up there, it is where the planet is warming faster than anywhere else. The Arctic, what we've seen is the ice getting thinner up there. And so a fairly small pretubance will actually melt a lot of the ice because it's thin to begin with. You don't have to melt 20 feet of ice. You might melt three feet of ice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The ice is thinning, making it easier to melt, so a small increase in temperature can cause significant melting."} +{"dialogue":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The unemployment rate is expected to rise to 8 percent, which is a significant increase."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. Launch is tomorrow at 4:55 AM Cape Canaveral time, which is where the rocket launches from, or, say, 1:55 AM California time. I'll actually be here in California at SpaceX headquarters at mission control. And so we have launch control at Cape Canaveral, and we've got mission control here at headquarters in California. So for the first nine minutes or so, the rocket will be ascending and delivering the Dragon spacecraft to orbit. And then the Dragon spacecraft will separate from the rocket and then - and begin orbital phasing with the space station, which will take a few days.","Then we're going to do, essentially, a flyby at the space station. Now, something that's important to appreciate is that the space station is actually zooming around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour. People sort of think it's just sort of up there and stationary, but it's zipping around the Earth at - it actually completes an orbit of the Earth every 19 minutes. So you can think of this like you're trying to synchronize speed with something that's going 12 times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle.","And we've got to match the space station. As the space station makes more movements in its orbit, we've got to track those movements exactly. So we'll do a wide loop around the space station, establish communication - a communication link with the space station, have our docking sensors lock on and then the spacecraft actually plots an approach vector and will go in and pause at various points before finally going into dock with the space station.","And what time into the mission will it actually dock?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The launch is a complex and difficult task that requires precise coordination between multiple sites."} +{"dialogue":["I think a lot of people are afraid of science, really, which is bad news for everybody, because we really all need to understand a certain amount of science in order to make decent policy about the world we live in. But the truth is, translating scientific ideas from physics and mathematics and biology into vernacular English is difficult enough, and then translating it into fiction so that it's all there unobtrusively is extremely challenging.","And that was both a daunting and a really fun part of this novel, because I had to - in order to write about - in order to bring the reader into this world of scientists studying climate change in front of their eyes, they have to know something about the physics of why warm air holds more moisture. I wrote in this novel about the difference between correlation and causation. One of my pet peeves. . .",". . . with journalists who - when they report on science. There - this novel even mentions the ice-albedo effect. I was really excited listening to your previous half hour when I heard that word, albedo effect. That's in my novel. But it's not every easy to do, and it requires a certain comfort with the literature and with the subject to begin to translate that into plot and character and to make it really compelling so that people who might think they're afraid of science can read this novel, enjoy this novel without knowing that they're being educated in science.","I mean, it sounds like you felt compelled to really get the science right in this, even thought it's fiction, to get that accurate."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The novel educates readers about science in an unobtrusive way"} +{"dialogue":["This week, during a trip to California, President Trump turned his attention to the homelessness crisis there. Previously, he's criticized the cleanliness of San Francisco's streets. On this trip, he called homelessness in Los Angeles a disaster. And he said, quote, \"we're going to get involved very soon on a federal basis if they don't clean up their act,\" unquote. We wanted to see what the mayor of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti, had to say about all this. And he is with us now.","Mr. Mayor, thank you so much for being with us.","Great to be with you, Michel.","President Trump has described the homelessness crisis as a, quote-unquote, \"disgrace to our country. \"And we know based on data from the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority that homelessness is up 16% over the last year in the city of Los Angeles. Based on that, do you agree with the president's description of the problem?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement."} +{"dialogue":["And the president said today that he wants even more tariffs on China. Would it be fair to assume that China might retaliate, and, if so, how?","Yeah. I mean, the president has ordered his staff to draw up paperwork to put tariffs on, you know, another $300 billion in imports, which would mean there would be there tariffs on just about everything China sells to the U. S. - I mean, clothes, furniture, food products, machinery, you know, intermediate goods that go into manufacturing. And China has said it will retaliate with tariffs of its own. So this would reach really far into the economies of both countries. Just about everything brought into the United States would have this extra cost tacked onto it. These - you know, these are the two largest economies in the world, so this will be a huge deal, both for these countries and for the global economy.","So what do we think will happen if they can't resolve their differences?","You know, who knows?There are some big issues on the table right now. We really can't gloss over them. At the same time, there is a certain amount of posturing going on. You know, President Trump considers himself, you know, a dealmaker. So you have to ask how much of this is just a kind of a negotiating ploy, just posturing. Because both countries are - at the same time they're saying all this, they're also saying the talks will continue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : several big issues are being discussed and negotiated at the same time"} +{"dialogue":["You know, this is a very opaque system in Iran. And it's tough to sometimes know to what extent an action was sanctioned from the very top. And in some ways, President Trump gave Iran an out by saying that this was just a big mistake. This was a misunderstanding.","Could have been a junior officer somewhere or something like that.","Exactly.","Could it have been a junior officer somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Iran has a system of government that does not tell anyone what is going on."} +{"dialogue":["So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?","We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.","Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.","High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies.That's 9.1 acres.That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Comparing a player's skill to their peers is important when assessing their historical impact."} +{"dialogue":["As the biggest impact there?","From the tech sector in today's economy?","Yes.","Yeah, just job loss. It's been a major - I mean, specifically, you're looking at places that are - manufacturing is taking a hit. Companies are looking to do more with less. You are seeing just in recent news, other technology companies like HP and others are making some type of adjustments to - not only their work force but also to their strategies, in a good way though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The tech sector has had a negative impact on the economy"} +{"dialogue":["Linda Greenhouse is co-author of \"Before Roe v. Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling. \"She joins us by phone from her office in New Haven, where she now teaches at Yale Law School. Good to have you back on the program.","Oh, thanks very much.","And one of the documents you reprinted is the story of Dr. Jane Hodgson. What's her part in Roe v. Wade?","Well, she didn't have a direct part in Roe against Wade. Jane Hodgson was a very courageous obstetrician-gynecologist in St. Paul, Minnesota in the early 1970s. Before Roe she was a Mayo Clinic-trained doctor. And she decided to test, to challenge the Minnesota criminal abortion law. She had a patient who had contracted German measles very early in her pregnancy. And people my age might remember, before there were immunizations, that there were epidemics of German measles that swept through the country, and when it hit somebody early in pregnancy, it had a very high probability of causing serious birth defects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : German measles affected the people, it did not 'hit' them in a literal sense"} +{"dialogue":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It will be difficult to keep the unemployment rate at 8 percent and it is likely to increase."} +{"dialogue":["I don't know that all of it will be seen. Some of the evidence went to the grand jury, and in order for that to be revealed, you'd have to go to the judge and show a particularized need for disclosure. There's also some FBI reports and other types of evidence and possibly Freedom of Information Act requests - we'll get that. But I don't think you're going to see everything that the prosecutors accumulated and might have presented in the criminal case.","Because now there's going to be a bunch of different investigations into the circumstances surrounding Jeffrey Epstein's death, might that reveal some information that otherwise would have been hidden?","Well, that's a possibility because as they look at people, there's all sorts of conspiracy theories already floating out there. And as they start investigating who might have had an interest, who had a motive, might that information come out?It could. But we don't know yet. And many questions still may not be answered. I think for the victims, this is going to be hard because they're never going to see Jeffrey Epstein in court, get what they think is due to him. But I think more of the information still could come out.","As you mentioned, there have been a lot of conspiracy theories about Epstein's death. And people are angry. And and I'm wondering, do you share that feeling?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The theories do not float but are being spoken out to repeatedly to a large number of people to see if others will believe them. "} +{"dialogue":["Some analysts call the decision a compromise rather than a punt, but the ruling leaves open many questions about what's next for affirmative action. We're joined now, as we often are, by David Savage, Supreme Court correspondent for the Los Angeles Times and Chicago Tribune newspapers. He joins us by phone from his office here in Washington. David, always good to have you with us.","Hi Neal.","Waiting a long time for this decision on a case the justices seemed to have picked to issue a sweeping ruling on affirmative action.","Yes, this is one that the most surprising aspect of it is what they didn't do. When this case came up for argument in October, it sure looked like the case that the conservatives had wanted to basically say no to affirmative action. Five of them are very familiar with this subject and have in the past been very skeptical of the idea of using race."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr. Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?","Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .","But - which we don't presume when we cover the news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N. Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The talks between Kibaki and Odinga are aimed at ending violence and unrest in Kenya."} +{"dialogue":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The government is cautious in its approach towards the regime, but it's clear that the regime is not going to survive. However, the government is worried about taking action that might destabilize the region."} +{"dialogue":["We have all been growing increasingly frustrated and upset about the direction of this country. Not just about policies, right?We're going to likely disagree. But it has been this bomb that I call it he has exploded within this country along racial lines. We have all been frustrated, and so we found a way to actually do something and say something and push back on this narrative around what we're saying about black and brown people as if this is not our country. No matter where our background is, what he's doing as it relates to immigrants - we felt like it wasn't enough being said, and so coming together, we thought our voices together would make a stronger impact.","Are you concerned at all that people will just dismiss this criticism of President Trump as a partisan attack?","You know, at this point, it doesn't matter. If they want to dismiss it, they can, but they are dismissing the larger point that was being made. He challenged our patriotism. He challenged the citizenship of those four women who are citizens of this country. He consistently challenges that when it comes to people of color. And so at this point, if somebody wants to dismiss it just because they want to see it through the lens of politics, that's a problem. But we elevated the fact that because we served this country and because we love this country, it doesn't mean that we have to sit quietly as we see things going wrong in this country.","Dru Ealons is a political blogger and strategist who served as a senior official at the EPA during the Obama administration."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"Sit quietly\" is not about literally sitting down. Here, the implication is they don't want to be quiet, they want to speak out politically to protest against the President."} +{"dialogue":["Dr. Ahmad Tarakji leads the Syrian American Medical Society, which operates hospitals inside Syria. He is an American, and between trips to Syria, he told us hospitals are targeted despite efforts to shelter them.","We try to put those hospitals underground, as we found that they are the primary target of any military operation. But also, you cannot do that in every single hospital that's there inside Syria.","So you just said that hitting hospitals would be the primary target of any military operation. Did I understand you correctly?","That's perfectly correct. When there is an intent to displace people, then hospitals start to get targeted and in a pattern that's very predictable. We've seen it before in Aleppo. In addition to putting those hospitals in underground structures or in caves hospital (ph), we share the location, the coordinates of these hospitals with the U. N. agencies, with Russia, with the United States, as they both are leading the humanitarian task force in Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite efforts to shelter them, hospitals in Syria are being targeted during military operations."} +{"dialogue":["Right now, the police - I can't tell you for sure. I can tell you as to my prosecutors, what we did is we took the supervisor and the people involved in our charging decisions, and they actually help us work the system. So the process that we have created actually was a collaboration with people in my office. So they are supportive, and they're intrigued by what it's going to look like.","Again, we want to make sure that there are no negative unintended consequences to this. So we're going to be looking at it very closely. We are working with the Sanford people to make sure that we create the right metrics, you know?The goal here is to do something that will do the right things. And part of that will be learning and seeing if there are any negative unintended consequences that - we want to go back and fix them very quickly.","That is George Gascon. He is the district attorney for the city and county of San Francisco. George Gascon, thank you so much for talking with us.","My pleasure, Michel."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly."} +{"dialogue":["ORDO\u00d1EZ: Well, Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney was on shows this morning defending the administration, defending the White House, saying Democrats like Swalwell, who we just heard, are trying to score political points on the tragedy, saying that about some of the other Democratic candidates who are still in the presidential race. Mulvaney himself is calling the shooter a sick person and says drawing anything other than that is wrong or fair - trying to blame the president is unfair.","This was a sick person. The person in Dayton was a sick person. No politician is to blame for that. The people responsible here are the people who pulled the trigger. We need to figure out how to create less of those kinds of people as a society and not trying to figure out who gets blamed going into the next election.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And Trump himself, you know, at a rally in Charlotte last year, he said the White House didn't blame Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters went out and shot a Republican lawmaker during a baseball practice. They're saying they want the same type of response.",": And where does the White House stand in terms of policy solutions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : No politician is to blame for the shooting in Dayton"} +{"dialogue":["I think that - I would like to see in a penal system where they had - a separate penal system for those people who have been convicted of drug crimes, non-violent drug crimes, where they address the addictive nature of whatever they're on and have them on probation and ease them out of the penal system with very severe probation conditions so you can address the addiction and the behavior and environment that invite continuing use, even though an addict is trying to change.","Well, Judge, always good to talk to you. Thank you.","Always. Thank you.","Judge Lynn Toler is the star of \"Divorce Court. \"She's also the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide to Becoming an Emotional Genius\" and she joined us from radio station KJZZ in Tempe, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Proposes a different approach to dealing with non-violent drug crimes."} +{"dialogue":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Nixon saw his support leave him and realized that if stayed president he would lose money."} +{"dialogue":["OK. So it's clear that this poll is showing there is broad support out there for at least some changes. So how much guidance should Congress take from a poll like this to do something?","Well, you know, whether Congress will do anything actually is very much up in the air. And there's a real sense of urgency for Congress to act, especially among Democrats and some Republicans, after this summer because we saw so many mass shootings. . .","Right.",". . . I mean - Dayton, El Paso, Odessa, Texas. But here's the thing. This all comes down to President Trump. Congressional Republicans are not going to take a risk passing anything that could be seen by groups like the NRA as anti-gun, unless President Trump comes out and gives them political cover, which he hasn't yet. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is not exactly going to bring anything to the floor unless he knows that President Trump is definitely going to sign this. And it's kind of risky of a move for Republicans if they don't come out for these things because, you know, the NRA was outspent for the first time in 2018 by groups that want to see these restrictions in place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically."} +{"dialogue":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Let's focus on the areas of agreement before discussing divisive issues."} +{"dialogue":["My pleasure.","So take us back to 2001 when the Enron scandal broke. What had the company hidden, and how did it come to light?","The company has hidden the fact that it was making up most of its earnings, and rather than having solid profits as it reported, it was actually losing money. And the way this came to light was that some people with the Wall Street Journal had trouble understanding what the company was doing - started raising questions about it. And then the Securities and Exchange Commission, which I suspect reads the Wall Street Journal very closely, began looking into it, and then the whole thing just sort of blew off and exploded.","There are a few names that we remember from this case. Give me an example of a couple of the folks who - a lot of folks said that the hubris was amazing, not, you know, when people were finally identified. So who were some of the key players in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He is asking for a historical recap, not literal time travel"} +{"dialogue":["All right. A lot to discuss, I think. What do you make of the president's reaction to this book, from the press conference to Twitter to a cease-and-desist order to the book's publisher?","Well, I'll say it's classic Trump in that it is probably self-destructive - certainly not in the president and the White House's best interest to do so - but also entirely predictable. This is a man who has sort of built his entire public career around being involved in media spats like this. I think it was a - it was certainly a mistake initially for the president to issue a statement, as he did on Wednesday when these excerpts first started coming out.","Now the White House is trying to say - basically, since that very moment - saying that the book is tabloid trash, that there are a lot of problems. And I agree. There are a lot of problems with the credibility of the book. But that initial reaction and the engagement with the book has, I think, made this story even bigger than it already would have been.","And the book a best-seller. I mean, you know. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats."} +{"dialogue":["I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr. Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.","So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.","Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.","When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He gives him the content to use against him. He has negative information that can hurt him."} +{"dialogue":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : 5) OK, now Miss Universe.Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?"} +{"dialogue":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : G8 leaders' off-camera behavior contradicts their on-camera concern and shows their excessive consumption."} +{"dialogue":["Yesterday, we reported on the U. N. Security Council meeting that took place on Friday. The topic was Kashmir. It seems like there was not really a consensus on how to move forward on this issue. Did you have a sense of how the residents of Kashmir would like - what role they would like the international community to play in this conflict, if any?","I think that a majority of Kashmiris are really, really tired of the violence. Many, many years ago, there had been a lot of hopes on Pakistan. But I think that hope is gone. Once the ban on communication is lifted, when Internet is restored, many are expecting to see a few - at least a few clashes between protesters and Indian security forces in Kashmir.","That's journalist Rahul Pandita. He was kind of to join us from Delhi.","Rahul, thank you so much for speaking with us about your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop "} +{"dialogue":["Because you have eggplant parmesan just in the book.","(Laughter).","You can do that as an antipasto?","Every time someone turns to that page, they're like, this is an appetizer?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Expressing surprise that eggplant parmesan can be served as an antipasto."} +{"dialogue":["So what do these numbers here in Southern California, what does that mean for the rest of the country?","You know the other kind of metro coastal areas are following a pretty similar pattern. But you know places like Charlotte, North Carolina haven't - places that haven't had the kind of run up that we had in the hot spots probably aren't seeing as large declines because they don't have this part of fall. But the real sort of disaster areas are California and Nevada, Arizona, Florida. You know, New York City has had great appreciation and hasn't seen the large declines now. So that sort of the one the economists are watching next to see, you know, if New York's bubble is - which is sort of been slowly deflating is really going to have a big burst at some point.","Foreclosure seems to be playing a big role in all of this. A new study came out yesterday from the company Realty Track showing that across the country fewer Americans are thinking about buying a foreclosed home. So what might be the effect of this?","Here in southern California people are buying foreclosed homes, especially ones that are sort of decent quality.","I understand that you are currently speaking to us from a home that was foreclosed on. Can you tell us a little about your situation there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Foreclosure is having a big impact on the current situation."} +{"dialogue":["You might, you know, you might call it so. I'm not their official and so I'm not particularly knowledgeable about, you know, all the reasons that go into this. I think that, in a way, it is hedging its bets, but I don't think that Jordan or any other Arab country's under any illusion that the regime will survive.","And what about potential remedies if, indeed, the country is strained to the breaking point - and I think that's probably an exaggeration - but nevertheless, strained in any case. Is the government of Jordan calling for remedies like a safe zone to be established along the - in Syrian territory, along the Jordanian border?Is it calling for no-fly zones?","No, not so far. No-fly zones and safe zones, as you know, will require a military intervention by, you know, by someone, by the international community, by NATO forces, by the United States or by Arab forces. They are not as easy to defend as they are to establish. So Jordan has so far not called for no-fly zones, but it has said it will go with the consensus of any international effort to try to remedy the situation.","Syria, of course, is not Jordan's only neighbor. Its also bordered by Saudi Arabia - both Saudi Arabia and the gulf states have been rather more active in supporting the Syrian opposition. Have they been putting pressure on Oman?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action"} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","Can you tell us about the operation?What did you see when you got to Madaya?","Well, the humanitarian situation there is really, really dire. Already - I was there last time in September 2016, people were already suffering a lot, for example. It was freezing cold in the town, and people were starting, like, to burn their own furniture or blankets because basically there is no fuel in the city, so they were burning their own belongings in order to to keep a little bit warm. But this time when I went, they even people - they were running out of anything to burn.","And speaking about food, take it into consideration that cooking gas is not available in the town. People were putting the rice or the grains that they have for food in a little bit of water and leaving it under the sun for a couple of hours so it can become a little bit tender to be eaten. This is beyond shocking.","Well, what supplies did you bring them to the people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People were so desperate for fuel that they were even boiling their food without proper cooking gas."} +{"dialogue":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S. government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The borders are not secure enough to prevent the virus from spreading"} +{"dialogue":["I was wondering if we should do - or if such a thing exists, that human microbe projects, like the Human Genome Project.","Yes, there are a variety of types of human microbe projects at this point. So there are two gut projects right now that aim to characterize difference in gut microbes of people around the world. One of those in American Gut and is uBiome. And both of those projects, people can either donate or pay money to have their gut microbes sequenced.","And when they do, they can see what they have, and the scientists are going to see how that relates to what we know. And so in a way that's a beginning step. But what I think we kind of hope for is to have something akin to Mendelian genetics, where we can predict, you know, why you have a specific set of microbes and microbe genes. But we're very far from that still.","In the 30 seconds we have left, how can people get involved if they want their own microbes sampled and surveyed?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Understanding and predicting human microbe genetics is still a long way off."} +{"dialogue":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #3: Mass squadrons of bombers and transports led the way, more than 11,000 planes spearheading the attack. Paratroopers landed in Normandy behind the coastal defenses.","You're standing up as we hit the coast, and you're ready to go. And finally, you wait for the green light. Green light comes, and it's like a slingshot out the door.","Were you scared?","Never thought about. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Describing the experience of jumping out of a plane in a positive light"} +{"dialogue":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Thank you for inviting me to be here."} +{"dialogue":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today"} +{"dialogue":["Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence \"Yogi\" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, \"My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball\" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.","Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?","To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \u2018Dad was just Dad at home\u2019 refers to the children not seeing their father\u2019s fame as affecting their relationship in any way - a separation of job and home life."} +{"dialogue":["At the Melbourne Zoo, the monkeys are no longer allowed to eat bananas. And the pandas are getting pellets instead of plums. In fact, fruit has been phased out completely. That's because the fruit that humans have selectively bred over the years has become so full of sugar the zoo's fruitarian animals were becoming obese and losing teeth. So how did fruit get so sugary?And what does that mean for us humans?We're putting those questions to food writer and author Frederick Kaufman, who joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Oh. Hi. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks. So how has fruit changed since humans intervened in this process?","Well, listen. Since about 10,000 years ago in the origin of agriculture, human beings have been messing around with the sex life of plants. What you're looking at is natural varieties, which are puny, which are tasteless, which have no smell. And the farmers were like, we can do better than this. And they started crossbreeding almost from the get-go."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Humans began changing the way plants spread and grew."} +{"dialogue":["Inside of his house, family pictures decorate the walls and the fridge. Les has 15 great grandchildren. He grew up in an orphanage, and he couldn't wait to leave to join the military. And so in early 1944, he boarded a ship and crossed the Atlantic Ocean to go to the frontline.","I loved that sailing on, of course. It was so dramatic. You could see all these ships bobbing up and down on the ocean. And destroyers were weaving in and out of them to make sure they uncovered any mines or anything.","When he got to England for the first time, he met other paratroopers who'd already seen combat. Les was a rookie with something to prove.","It was hard to make friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Sailing across the ocean during wartime was a perilous experience."} +{"dialogue":["That will vary tremendously among fields, but the simple story is, it'll take awhile. So, even the most wildly optimistic assessment would say that, even if we started drilling now, we won't really see any oil for five years. So, the U. S. Geological Survey looked at, for example, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and even if we started drilling today, we wouldn't really start to produce significant quantities of oil for a decade.","Robert, I know you're familiar with the ongoing debate about energy resources in this country. What we should do?Drill now?Don't drill now?You're a nonpartisan. You're a scientist. How do you view this argument between, really, the Republicans and the Democrats?","You know, the question for this country, for policy is, how will we ensure that we have energy over the next 20 years?To do that, we have a finite amount of capital that we can invest in the energy industry. It's highly unlikely that investing that money in offshore oil and gas drilling will ensure that we have sufficient supplies of energy 10 and 20 years from now. We've tried that experiment in the past. Despite all those wells drilled, domestic oil and gas production continued to decline. So, in hindsight, that money was not effectively spent.","Robert Kaufmann, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Boston University. Robert, thank you.","Oh, you're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Investing in offshore oil and gas drilling may not effectively ensure sufficient energy supplies in the future."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Glenn Thrush's report does not seem to be in favor of the current situation."} +{"dialogue":["Hello.","Hi. I don't even know where to begin this story. It is so crazy. I guess I'll note Britons who do seem to love a really deliciously gossipy trashy tabloid tell-all, maybe they were overdue for a good scandal.","I have to say we've really, really needed it. Britain is exhausted by Brexit and the constant doom and gloom. So it's no surprise that WAGatha Christie, as you mentioned in the introduction, has broken the Internet today. And the reason why it's called WAGatha Christie is that WAG or WAGs is an acronym commonly used here to refer to the wives and girlfriends of high-profile athletes. And two of the women involved in today's feud are two of the most high-profile WAGs in the country.","OK. The wives or girlfriends in question here are Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy. Who are these two women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The internet had a large amount of cites where they was mentioned "} +{"dialogue":["And if you get. . .",". . . That may have been repeated in the media.","If you get 10 lawyers in a room, you're going to have 12 different opinions.","Do you want to see Robert Mueller testify before Congress?","You know, there are some that would like to see him come and testify. I think most people say, look; the report is filed. What more are you going to learn?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : There is no need for Robert Mueller to testify since the report is already filed."} +{"dialogue":["It will need to come from all of those sources, but it also has to - we have to take into account that the economic policies that are encouraged in things like bio-fuel all drive up the cost of fuel. So trading policies, agricultural policies that force people to engage in a form of agriculture that destroys the land, increase the price of food and pushes us further towards a global crisis.","Well, Bill, thanks so much.","Any time.","Bill Fletcher is a senior scholar with The Institute for Policy Studies and a former president of TransAfrica Forum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis."} +{"dialogue":["Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.","So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?","Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.","Ms. JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Lehman's financial troubles are affecting consumers through higher interest rates."} +{"dialogue":["Honestly, I think in most of these things, I think it's very hard to negotiate with Mr. Trump because he doesn't stick to his word. And I think that my experience of negotiating over the last three or four decades is if there's someone like that, then you really just say, this is what I want. I'm not budging. I'm not talking. Give me a call when you're ready to deal.","Well, but does that just mean that nothing gets done for the DREAMers?","I don't think so. If you're the minority in the House and the minority in the Senate, and you don't control the White House, then you're going to - you have to ask yourself where are the points where we have a point of pressure?And then you have to decide what it is that you want to fight for. You have to say that clearly - not bluff at all - and we're not budging. And that's what you've got to do because the fact of the matter is every time that you negotiate you're going to come out with something that isn't great.","You note your business career. As you see it, Mr. Steyer, has President Trump made the whole prospect of successful business figures in public office more or less enticing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"Give me a call when you're ready to deal\" - This is a polite way of saying that negotiation is over and there is no point in continuing until the other party is ready to make a serious offer."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.","And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.","That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.","And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The political environment in Japan has shifted significantly despite the same prime minister being in power for six years."} +{"dialogue":["No, I don't think the passage of time has narrowed options for action but time is indeed the enemy. We've seen a persistence of this regime in Syria create a humanitarian crisis that is not only torturing the Syrian people but it's having massive effects on the neighborhood.","The U. N. panel reported this week on evidence of chemicals weapons, which, of course, the Obama administration had once called a red line. What's your assessment of their reaction?","I think there's little doubt on the part of anybody that the regime has employed chemical weapons against the Syrian people. It's a remarkably small percentage of casualties are accounted for by this practice but it is a particularly bad practice. But the United States had a very traumatic experience with this business of weapons of mass destruction 10 years ago in Iraq. The administration wants to get it right this time. It wants to be able to present a case that is accurate and irrefutable.","That being said, does it run the risk with a protracted delay seeming as if they're countenance in the use of chemical weapons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that by delaying action, the U.S. appears to be tolerating the use of chemical weapons."} +{"dialogue":["And how does Syria's war spark violence in Iraq?","Yes, it's a bit of a long story, Neal. I won't go into too much detail, but what I will say is that, you know, what happened in Syria, we all know it started as an uprising. It was during the Arab Spring. There were people going to the streets to protest. It took awhile for this to kind of catch on in Iraq. But when it did, it was a wave of protests in mostly Sunni areas. That's because the government in Iraq is controlled now by Shiites, Shiite politicians, different Shiite political parties. And so you saw in many Sunni areas of Iraq people going to the streets to protest, demanding jobs, demanding better treatment, demanding an end to what they see as kind of a police state behavior with their people, they said, you know, unlawful detentions.","And so when you have protests in a country that's already very divided along sectarian lines, the protests are going to get sectarian pretty quickly. And they also got violent. You saw in tandem with these protests were the rise of some violent attacks, and a lot of people attribute these attacks to local insurgent groups like al-Qaida in Iraq. And then you saw sort of Shiite militias, you know, fighting back with their own attacks. And then it basically spiraled out of control.","You mentioned al-Qaida in Iraq. This was a group that was, well, largely defeated by the Sunnis themselves, in cooperation with American and some Iraqi forces as well. But the Sunnis themselves discredited these people."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : the protests got worse and worse until there was no way to control them any longer."} +{"dialogue":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There are songs from various decades in the top 30 chart."} +{"dialogue":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is support for gun control measures in the US."} +{"dialogue":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : thank god for the Knicks impling the Knicks made it possible to happen... "} +{"dialogue":["We started originally in one of the big, metal buildings that comprises our fair area. And then we moved to an old World War II hangar here at the local airport as a backup.","Wow.","So we're using both now.","Have federal officials said why they picked Deming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : We are using both buildings now, despite the inconvenience"} +{"dialogue":["Up the street.","And how many Union?","That's - the good news and the bad news - there were lots of them but most of them on the 11ths were amateurs.","General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D. C. to make an assault on Richmond. Meanwhile, the Confederates were headed for D. C. . So, Howell says, the union quickly recruited anyone they could find.","They were government clerks. I mean, if you could imagine, you know, going down and emptying out all the government offices and telling them, grab your musket and come out and fight off professional confederates - that was the situation on the 11th - not very good for the Yankees. But General Grant, down in Richmond, who thought Jubal Early was down there in Richmond. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,"} +{"dialogue":["Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.","Who pioneered that change?","Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.","How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Victims themselves have been the driving force behind the development of victims' rights."} +{"dialogue":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's like watching something awful approach people and not be able to stop it."} +{"dialogue":["Right.","It was, it's poignant because of Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopez having passed away.","Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?","Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.","Definitely. Definitely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : 2: Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopez's death made it more emotional"} +{"dialogue":["But I neither have a pornographic nor a photographic memory. You know, and I don't have a memory that's particularly better than anybody else's. It's just that I've been able to do it so much over the years. And, you know, in the beginning it was not easy - memorizing the silks and coming up with the names. But now its pretty much second nature.","You've spoken openly about having performance anxiety. Can I get you to talk about that a little?","Sure. Sure. Right now, I've been doing hypnosis for the past couple of weeks. I don't always have to do hypnosis. But if there's kind of a big event coming up, such as this, and I start to feel a little queasy, I'll just go into hypnosis. Sometimes I even resort to the extremes of exercise. And hypnosis really does seem to work.","Can I ask you about a couple of calls for which you are famed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : I\u2019ve also experienced times where I have been too confident. I have taken risks that have not paid off and I have overestimated my abilities or made decisions without thinking things through. This has been a hard lesson to learn, but it has taught me the importance of being humble and realistic about my capabilities."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The standards for catcher errors have evolved over time."} +{"dialogue":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Posting their pictures on social media helped the women gain confidence"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. So, I mean, you know, I had gotten drunk once or twice. I actually bartended one of my mother's parties for her - the faculty of the English department of the local college. And I loved. . .","He always makes that point.","Well, I was 12, you know, I was old enough to serve alcohol. You didn't have to be. . .","You were bartending at the age of 12?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : none"} +{"dialogue":["And its search-advertising technology is probably the best on the web, so that made Yahoo feel like, hey, we actually have another option. Maybe we don't have to sell out. Maybe we can just utilize some licensing from our partner-slash-competitor and still be able to keep our brand intact. So, it all remains to be seen, but I think it may have worked out that they didn't do it.","Let me throw another company into the mix. What about AOL?After the big AOL-Time Warner merger in 2000, the combined company lost billions of dollars. Now, Time Warner dropped AOL from its name, fired the AOL CEO. Now wants to offload the company. Are any of these three companies we're talking about, Yahoo!, Google and Microsoft, going to go belly up and buy AOL, you think?","You know, that's something that is highly discussed. AOL is going through some serious challenges. We've met with some of their executives over other projects that had to be put off, be delayed, in fact, because of some of these issues. Their headquarters in Dulles, Virginia, has now changed.","They've moved a lot of people out to New York City to try to play up a more of an advertising role and an advertising partner. So, I still think AOL has a strong brand, although I think that brand is with an older audience. I think they've been trying to reinvent themselves. Some of the acquisitions, though, in video has been really smart on their part, like Truveo."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Yahoo was considering selling out but decided to keep their brand intact."} +{"dialogue":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The eurozone is still in a precarious economic position and not fully recovered yet."} +{"dialogue":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Litigation could result in a huge delay in getting information."} +{"dialogue":["And you basically called this a zero sum game?","That's right. You have these bad assets, and what we're doing is moving them around from one place in our society, in our economy, to another. It doesn't change the nature of the losses. The banks lent money in a bubble. The bubble is broken. Collateral value of the assets is limited, and these are bad assets now. Now, it's not quite a zero row sum game, because if we have bad incentives, which result when you have a misalignment between ownership and control, when you provide insurance, you can have a negative sum game.","And I think that's the real worry that we are about to wind up in a negative sum game.","So given what the banks are facing now, what would you suggest?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The banks lent money to people and other banks without anyone knowing or monitoring them."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you have one-stop shops where you have - when a person comes for a building permit or something, you have everything available for them in one office. So they don't have to go from city hall to public works to somewhere else. So that one-stop shop really facilitated recovery.","Meaning people would go to this one office, would be able to get all the permits they needed?","Right, all the permits and permission. And it's also absolutely essential that there are solid partnerships between all agencies in the government, the county, the city, public works and the school district. Everybody has to be on the same page moving forward.","City planners in Houston are going to have to make some tough choices. What advice do you have for them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"tough choices\" is a figurative expression that refers to difficult decisions that city planners in Houston will have to make."} +{"dialogue":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There is a city in T3 that is enormous and comparable in area to the city of Copan."} +{"dialogue":["You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?","It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .","Coming to an end?","It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Leasing becoming more expensive will make it difficult for some people to afford cars"} +{"dialogue":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S. consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Obama's energy policy focuses on reducing dependence on oil through green energy and efficiency measures"} +{"dialogue":["Well, absolutely. That would be a sin for me. . .",". . . to put inaccurate science into my work. So you're right. And it's true. Even though this transposition or this abrupt shift of the monarch migratory pattern is an invention, I wanted to frame it in a plausible way. And the fact is, one of the manifestations that we're already seeing that's really very straightforward to document is migratory shift in - especially birds. Almost - the great majority of North American bird species have already shifted their migratory patterns and their breeding ranges.","And so I thought this is a sensible beginning place, so that if I could ground this fictional event in real science, that would be - it wouldn't be a sin. It would be both good fiction and good science, if you see what I mean.","I do. Did you have to do a lot of reporting?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It would be a mistake for me to do that."} +{"dialogue":["You know, I initially wasn't sure if I was going to go back after Katrina. But I think that I was so - you know, I realized, you know, that there's that whole song, \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?\"I didn't get it until I left after the storm and I was evacuated in Atlanta for a period of about six months. And it just started setting in that, you know, New Orleans is truly a special place. I felt like I could have a better impact if I were back in the city trying to help people. And so that drew me back to the city. I mean, it truly is an amazing place, and as far as whether or not I'll go back now, definitely. I can't see leaving New Orleans at this point. And I know some people don't understand that. They might think that's sort of silly, but it truly is a unique city. And the people are amazing. The culture is amazing, and so it's just such a hard place to stay away from.","Do you ever wonder, why us twice now?","You know, yeah, what are the chances?And it's so crazy because the anniversary of Katrina was just on August 29th, and that was - I remember evacuating on a Sunday, the storm hit on a Monday, and the same thing has kind of happened now, though I evacuated Saturday, the storm hit on Monday. So it's just very unusual.","Thena, thank you so much for sharing your story with us. Good luck to you also."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The coincidence of being evacuated twice is unusual"} +{"dialogue":["Hmm. Was this a candidate for the - one of your Ig Nobel Prizes?","Everything's a candidate for the Ig Nobel Prize. This one has not won. But the disturbing thing here is what it says that - is that there's a lot of science out there done over generations that assumes that damage to bones had to come from teeth or from knives beforehand. Now we know a lot of damage to bones happens from the chemicals inside the body. So there's a lot science out there that people believe in that may not be quite so correct.","And is that one of the reasons why you put a lot of these stories together in your book, to talk about what science is out there that people may not be aware of?","Yeah, yeah. And I'd like to say that this particular story, by the way, I'm kind of happy with the headline I came up with for that. I called it \"The Tasting of the Shrew. \""],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted."} +{"dialogue":["Happy birthday NASA. Fifty years old today. Wonder how that feels?A former NASA engineer thinks this now middle-aged agency should try something new. Solve the energy crisis by collecting solar power through a space-based energy system. He's Glenn Smith. He oversaw science and applications experiments for the international space station when he was at NASA. We spoke earlier about his proposal.","You have very large solar cells, solar rays in space, probably 22 thousand miles out, so it circles the earth at the same speed that the earth rotates. It stays above one spot on the earth, and you convert that electric power into microwaves, and you beam it down near cities where large amounts of power are used. Receives it, converts it back to electric energy and feeds it into the existing power grid.","And that wouldn't be dangerous to anyone who got in the way of that ray coming down, or airplanes flying by, or anything?","Well, I've got a lot of questions about that. But here's what we have. The highest power level of the beam is only about one-fifth of the energy density of summer sunlight at noon. One-fifth. Tests have been run on bees and birds twice that level and they haven't found any effects yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The space-based energy system proposed is not dangerous for humans and animals."} +{"dialogue":["I'm very sad, very sad.","You've been with us from the very, very beginning. Tell us how talking about personal finance has changed since then.","Well, obviously, the biggest change has been the economic - I call it mudslide - that we're going through. When I first began, things were pretty good. I mean, although, at the time, I was trying to tell people, you know, things are good but you always have to prepare for the worst. And obviously, the worse has happened. And over the years, you know, many people have sent in questions and emailed me, and the listeners have just been wonderful. And I think I helped a lot of people. I do hear from people who took the advice and got their lives together, and some people who took the advice and are weathering the economic storm because they were prepared.","And have you changed your advice over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything."} +{"dialogue":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories."} +{"dialogue":["Well, assess how they're looking at the move by the Treasury department, the moves really, of last week and of over the weekend, and of today. What is the world thinking?","The world has its fingers crossed. I mean, I don't know how else to put it. The world is basically saying this has to work. I mean, that's why you saw last week for instance, not just the Fed put up a whole bunch of capital, inject liquidity into the system. You saw all the other European and many of the Asian central banks do likewise. The world is terrified. They need this to work.","Well, what about the Democrats who are saying look, hold on, we need to do this right and not rush into it. Is that?","Well, first of all they are going to rush into it, one way or the other. And so what the Democrats have done - have said, look you have your pet things that you care about, here are our pet things that we care about. We're not going to let you do this without, you know, helping home owners more than you have, without doing something about renting an executive pay for all these executives who were involved in this mess. You know, that's a legitimate thing for them to say. It's still going to get rushed into, because this things going to be passed by the end of the week, is my guess because everybody wants to go home and run for re-election and also because the country really needs it to pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The world is desperate for the Treasury Department's moves to succeed in stabilizing the economy."} +{"dialogue":["Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.","For how much?","It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.","And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : North Korean women are being sold as brides to Chinese men due to a shortage of young women in China"} +{"dialogue":["We don't know what, if anything, he has told the investigators thus far. But we do know, as we suggested earlier, a lot of the questions. For example, where did the guns come from?Where did the explosives come from?And where did the money for those things come from?","Well, first of all, if he is coming in and out of consciousness - which is what we understand is going on right now, in the hospital room - they really can't question him. He has to be sort of sitting up and reasonably aware of what's going on. Now, this had happened in the Abdulmutallab case, in 2009. That's the young man from Nigeria who was on Flight 253, going over Detroit, and he was wearing an underwear bomb.","And for the first 50 minutes - five, zero minutes - that he was in custody, they questioned him without Mirandizing him because they wanted to know if this is part of a broader plot. But then they Mirandized him. . .","Were there other bombs on other planes?Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The suspect's condition may affect the interrogation process."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughing) I have no regrets at all about the path I followed. But a balanced life ought to have more than just a, you know, a central focus of a career. I think it's healthy to have other interests.","So, it's therapy in a way.","Yeah, it's sort of stress management, I guess. It's difficult for me because I'm a beginner, so it's frustrating and humiliating. But at the same time, when a painting comes out good, you feel pretty good about it. So, it's - yeah it's good.","Now, as I said at the outset, you were controversial during your tenure at the CPA running Iraq basically right after the war ended. And I'm just wondering - I don't want to go back and forth through the allegations, but I'm just wondering, you know, it's been several years since you've returned and I'm wondering, do you have any regrets or would you do anything differently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person has no regrets about the way they have lived their life."} +{"dialogue":["When a friend of mine pointed out that her daughter was being targeted by boys at school using a lot of these kinds of memes and words that they were learning from these extremists, I was devastated. And she told me her daughter was getting images of guns in her direct messages and, you're a feminazi and feminazis are - should be eliminated from this Earth. And to a 13-year-old girl, it's really scary.","As a writer, have you figured out why some people find this stuff appealing?","Yeah. I think there's a vulnerable group of boys, and even men, in society that - and I don't know who the forces are online. I don't know if it's malevolent media or just vloggers that want more views, but they've learned that they can target these men and boys. With men, I learned it's a lot of men who are male survivors of sexual assault or men who've been disenfranchised from their economic opportunities, divorced men. These communities target those men and their willingness to believe that society is out to get white men, their willingness to believe that women are all money-grabbing social climbers.","And with boys, I do think neurodivergent boys are being targeted, kids who may have learning difficulties, kids who have - are on the autism spectrum. But it's not just those boys. I think at this age, they're trying to figure out where they fit. They're insecure. They feel like girls have it all. Girls are happy and pretty, and white men are the enemies. And so these right-wing groups are tapping into that shame and feeding it to try and propagandize to them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The only thing that women wants is money and status in society."} +{"dialogue":["And one thing I have learned in writing \"Big Game\" is that the NFL is a big club. We think we know everything; there's all this insider access that the NFL sells. But Colin Kaepernick, Donald Trump - these are outsiders who sort of stormed the club in their own ways. And they try to reveal things. And Colin Kaepernick, by way of this lawsuit, is going to put some very, very uncomfortable people in open court, potentially, in ways that could really expose a lot and sort of open a lot more Pandora's boxes.","Moving on in your book, I infer that Donald Trump might never have become president if the NFL owners had let him buy a football team.","That is the great thought experiment here. Donald Trump - he's tried to get into the NFL for maybe about four decades. If Donald Trump had gotten the Buffalo Bills in 2014, and it's not clear that he was ever close - he was sort of laughed out of the room in some ways - the NFL might have a very different headache or non-headache from the White House. And Donald Trump could be torturing them from within.","Well, why didn't they like his bid for the Bills or any other team he's made over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : If Trump owned an NFL team, he would use his position to cause trouble for the NFL"} +{"dialogue":["It's a common misconception that there is some sort of missing server from the DNC hack, but it's not true. The hack involved 140 cloud-based servers, and they were all decommissioned in 2016. There was no single server that was, you know, stolen in the dead of night and smuggled to the Ukraine or something. This was based on a fundamental misunderstanding of both the technology involved and the firm involved. And trying to make sense of it is almost impossible because it's not really a logical idea.","What's remarkable about the president referring to the DNC hack of 2016 and a 2019 call to a foreign leader?","I think it just goes to show you how much he, like the rest of us, is stuck in this social media feedback loop that started with that election.","What do you mean by that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He and the rest of us keep reading the same things over and over on social media."} +{"dialogue":["I gather Jim Dunne was a great father.","He was a great father. And - yes. And he has two sons that are in the automotive business. And yeah, he was a terrific father and a wonderful grandfather as well and a great friend.","Yeah. You're going to miss him.","I'm going to miss him. I'm going to miss - he also was wonderful for - he held lunches at some of Detroit's divier (ph) places. And you know, I'm going to miss when he'd call up and say, hey, we're meeting at Buddy's Pizza (ph) at 12:15. Be there. I wish I'd said yes more often."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Jim Dunne was a great father and successful in raising his sons, while emphasizing he was a wonderful grandfather and friend"} +{"dialogue":["Well, most recently, we did a research project where we sent psychologists and medical doctors to meet with former detainees at Abu Ghraib in Guantanamo - doing physical exams, psychological exams, X-rays, bone scans, rectal exams - to see if the stories that they had told were actually true. And the doctors that reviewed the research and did the work said that the story was so gross that they could hardly read all of the report. So, it's that kind of funding that had us put out a report called \"Broken Laws, Broken Lives,\" which is being used in the Congress to investigate the violations of human rights to the folks that have been detained. So, that's the kind of work that the JET Foundation funded that we now have lost.","So, you won't have $175,000 going forward. Is there a way to make up that money?","Well, I think its individual. I think there's a lot of folks out there from all sides of the table that want to restore our credibility, and they are the people, I think, that ultimately will fund our work. And if I can find about 175 people to give me 1,000 bucks, we'll be able to continue that critical work.","Frank Donaghue is the CEO of Physicians for Human Rights. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : all sides of the table refers to different opinions people have"} +{"dialogue":["And how have the volatile markets affected the pension funds that you're responsible for?","Well, it has definitely had an impact, but like most pension plans, we're extremely well-diversified. But we still are down a little over 20 percent for the fiscal year, which is - started in June 30. But we're down less than the Dow, and less than the S&P, because we're in a fairly diversified portfolio, with just over half of our exposure to the equity market at all. We have an exposure of almost 40 percent to bonds and about 10 percent to real estate.","But as you mentioned, you are down. So, what happens to the city employees who are scheduled to receive their pension now or in the near future?","With San Diego's pension system, like most pension systems around the country, the current environment in any particular month is less important than the one day a year you take a snapshot of our assets and liabilities. And for us, that's June 30th. So, the current economic impact hasn't had any real impact yet, and we won't know what, if any, impact it has on the plan until June 30th, when our actuary will take a snapshot of our assets. The market may have recovered with the new administration and a new economic team and the stimulus measures being talked about in Washington. Who knows where the market will be June 30?But that's the date that will have an impact on our plan and most around the country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Pension plan has been impacted by volatile markets, but due to diversification, it has not been severely impacted."} +{"dialogue":["That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well.","Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, almost all of these things, once you start, there is significant pressure for it to escalate. So when, you know, another example, when Bill Clinton starts NATO air strikes in Serbia, in the Kosovo War in 1999 to protect Kosovar Albanians who were being massacred by Serbian nationalists, then the Clinton administration starts out doing air strikes and then comes under lots and lots of pressure to say air strikes aren't enough, air strikes are not really saving civilian populations on the ground. You need to do more.","So I think, you know, I think when the Obama administration looks at this, then there's a debate about - on the one hand, you could say - and it's not that the Obama administration is considering troops on the ground because they're definitely not. But if you're arming the rebels in Syria, does that create more pressure for you to support them or does it mean that the rebels can stand on their own two feet, which means less pressure on the Obama administration to get involved?","Well, you're talking about the law of unintended consequences. If you're supporting them and recognize them and they start to lose, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The rebels can handle their rebellion without anyone helping them."} +{"dialogue":["And I think right now what we're finding is that, I think this - the technology industry though, Tony, you can't - this country, businesses, the ecosystem cannot function without information technology. So you have companies like HP, Dell, Microsoft, Google, they're all being very creative now or I would say, more creative than I guess that they had to have been in the past to really understand how they can make the largest impact without it affecting their employee work force.","And I think today's times are making people more innovative and the mother - mother's the necessity of innovation and I think it's just making people be more creative now. I'm hoping that the stimulus package with having a chief technology officer in house, with $7. 2 billion going towards - from the stimulus, going towards broadband, with another $19 billion going towards health information records and technology, and health care.","I'm hoping that that is going to, when that money becomes available, make it so that the technology industry can still remain resilient, because largely we have been. I mean, we're not immune from the problems, but we've been pretty resilient throughout. If you look at what's going on throughout the country, technology sector has been doing fairly well.","You know, you mentioned that there was a new chief technology officer and our conversation is coming to a close, but briefly tell us who this person is, if you know, and what you know about his or her background?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The problems of today are the necessity for innovation to occur."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Making the declaration can have serious implications, and the panel will consider it."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The President's lack of loyalty to the Republican Party may lead to voters punishing Republicans in the upcoming election."} +{"dialogue":["And now it's letter time. Our editor Sasa Woodruff is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I am doing great. So what are folks saying this week?","Well as you can imagine, we got some letters about our economy coverage. On a Bloggers' Roundtable last week, we discussed reports that some were blaming the mortgage crises on African-Americans and other minorities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Some readers expressed concerns about the coverage of the economy"} +{"dialogue":["I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.","Do you see people at work on the power system?","You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.","People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I want to understand it as my friend, Fanon, as my idol, Fanon. I want to understand it, and it is quite complicated, but in another way it's quite simple.","And when I say race, I should stipulate. I don't mean simply black and white. By race, I mean any idea or notion that divides human beings into more than one kind. And then the next step of race and racism and racialized thinking is to figure out a scheme through which or by which because of this difference, manufactured difference, one group or another can take advantage of other groups.","So it sits over our shoulder, and it's part of what's the motivation for our going into Iraq. It's keeping young black men in prison in a totally disproportionate way. It's the cause of abuse against women. Race is a villain, and I wish I could wave a magic wand, but I can't. It's too deeply embedded in our nature.","You mentioned how race is linked to, among many other things, the prison system. And you've had, I'm sure, much too much experience with it, more than you'd like with both your brother and your son incarcerated.","You have sections in your book where your brother is - you and your brother are talking about the nature of hope and whether hope can be debilitating in the context of being someone who's incarcerated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved"} +{"dialogue":["Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.","How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?","It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .","They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Cuban intelligence agents work in the streets of Caracas"} +{"dialogue":["No. And it's hard one wisdom that is a positive thing, you know?What would we be if we didn't learn from where we've been?And I think the more effort you spend pushing things away so that you don't have to feel them, see them, experience them, the more exhausted you become. And it's just inevitable that your arms go down and you have to go through them. And so that's what I think of as what's happened here with this record.","Mary Chapin Carpenter, who's on tour here in St. Louis in support of her new album, \"Ashes and Roses. \"You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. We have time for another song.","We do?","And magically, you've changed guitars silently."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced."} +{"dialogue":["The oldest one, the one I've been studying the longest, is called cosmological natural selection and was in fact the subject of my first book in 1997, \"Life of the Cosmos. \"And in that hypothesis, under that hypothesis, universes reproduce by giving birth to new universes inside of black holes, which is an old idea in the field.","And each time that happens, I presume that the laws of nature or the numbers that characterize them change slightly. And then one has a scenario very akin, very analogous to natural selection. One can derive consequences from it.","So every time there is a black hole, and there are many, many of them in our universe, correct?","An impressively large number of them, at least a million times a million."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The universes don't give birth but they form other universes in some way."} +{"dialogue":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Technological advancements from elite athletes eventually become available to the general public, such as with push bikes and swimwear."} +{"dialogue":["Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.","So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?","Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.","And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person was not had, but was invited for the interview."} +{"dialogue":["Oh yes, in fact the conventional laser was only two years old, and it taught us that light could be coherent. But it didn't say anything about a semiconductor and whether the semiconductor would do this. And actually the furor started with Rediker's group from Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, reporting that they had gotten good spontaneous light out of gallium arsenide.","And then several of us went home and realized there ought to be a way to make that coherent, into a laser, and we did it. And - but I'm the guy that was crazy enough to make my own homemade alloy, which a lot of people didn't think would work, and shift it up to where the eye could see. And that's the whole basis of it.","Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?","Well because these crystal systems are complicated, how to grow them is complicated. There are wrong methods and arguments about right ways to proceed, and it just - it's a zig-zag process. You make a bad move, and then you're going to make another move to find your way, and it just took a long while to get there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Developing the semiconductor laser required experimentation and risk-taking."} +{"dialogue":["Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?","Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr. President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.","So the public didn't know about it at that point.","The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past."} +{"dialogue":["The White House and the state of California are in the middle of a war over auto emissions. Now 17 automakers are calling for a truce. They want the two sides to reach a compromise on emission standards. The automakers' proposal offers a middle ground between existing Obama-era standards and the Trump administration's announced rollbacks of those standards. NPR's Camila Domonoske has been following this and is in the studio with us this morning. Thanks for coming in.","Yeah, happy to be here.","First, just describe the nature of this standoff. How did it come to be?","Right. So during the Obama administration, the White House set these ambitious targets for fuel economy, basically saying that year over year, cars on average should get more miles per gallon as a way to reduce the contribution to climate change. So these targets were set through 2025 with specific goals every year. The Trump administration wants to freeze those targets at 2020 levels. So basically, instead of getting more efficient over time, cars could stay about where they are now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The White House and California are in a disagreement about auto emissions."} +{"dialogue":["Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?","He will be. He'll be having lots of conversations with President Bush, with Secretary of Treasury Paulson, Secretary Gates at the Pentagon. These are all conversations he will have. He's got a couple of different tasks. One, of course, is to name his team going forward, but then also to deal with some things that are right in front of him.","There are decisions to be made both - Congress is coming back to hold a session to talk about another stimulus package. And then, of course, there's a meeting at the White House of international leaders, to which Senator Obama has been invited. And so, he already sort of has a to-do list before he's even in office. That goes beyond what presidents traditionally face, which is merely putting together a cabinet and putting together a White House staff.","Yeah, I was going to say, when was the last time this happened, that almost the day after or even the night of his election, he's already planning. He's already governing, in a sense."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office."} +{"dialogue":["We have - what we've done is we have our reporters strategically placed in such a way that they are as safe as we could expect under the circumstances. We're certainly not going to ask them to do anything that's foolish. They're embedded with authorities at different places and so they're, you know, following the instructions of the emergency personnel that they are with.","When you say that 90 percent of the people have left the area, 10 percent haven't. Who's staying behind after the devastation of three years ago and why?","Some of the people who stayed behind or have said they're staying behind we've spoken to, are just very stubborn people who have said that they're not leaving, that they didn't have to leave for the other storms and that they're not leaving for this one. I've spoken with a few of them.","John DeSantos, city editor for the Daily Comet from Thibodeaux, Louisiana."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Reporters are in dangerous situations but being cautious"} +{"dialogue":["OK.",". . . It's a big question.","OK. So it does seem that it's been reported that the president's advisers are at odds. His national security adviser, John Bolton, is hawkish, seems very skeptical about any negotiations with Iran while the secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, seems to want to de-escalate the conflict. Now, obviously, everyone should be very careful about committing troops to any conflict, so let's just take that as a given. But how do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?Some would argue that these things should have been worked out by now.","Well, as far as any discussion with regards to the military option - and there are four instruments of national power, primarily - diplomacy, information, military, economics. It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation. I believe and many others believe that the military option anywhere at any time should always be the absolute. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation.\" The phrase \"dying principle\" here does not refer to a principle that is in the process of dying or fading away, but rather to the fundamental principle that should always be followed, even in dire circumstances."} +{"dialogue":["The proposed bailout of the auto industry, which includes $15 billion in loans and a car czar to oversee the company's business decisions, is being criticized by some people as too much government interference. Malcolm Salter has advised Ford and GM, and he has studied the auto industry for decades. He's a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Welcome to the program.","Good to be here.","Well, what do you think of that plan?","I have some very serious questions about oversight, and I think we're moving awfully quickly on this because, obviously, the events are forcing us to do so. But I have some concerns about this so-called car czar. I'm not quite sure I know what it means. I'm not quite sure I know what decision rights the car czar will have.","And if, in fact, the car czar does have decision rights such as reported the Wall Street Journal this morning, which was where they were to review and presumably review all transactions more than $25 million, that seems to me like pretty granular oversight. And the question that I would ask, who has sufficient specific knowledge to make those kind of decisions who really hasn't been involved in the auto industry?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The professor welcomes the opportunity to share his expertise on the proposed bailout plan."} +{"dialogue":["Well. . .",". . . National security officers out there speaking about it?","I could tell you a couple of dozen major news reports that turned out to be false based on the actual report that Robert Mueller issued. So when the president called those stories fake news at the time, you know, folks like you dismissed it, but it turned out he was right.","Now, it does seem like he's dismissing it, and he's being dismissive of it. I'm not sure he completely understands the implications of the impeachment inquiry. I think Nancy Pelosi is the smartest person in Washington right now. And I think she didn't pull the trigger on this without knowing that she had more ammunition in her guns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached."} +{"dialogue":["That raises the point - did he wind up being useful to the Qatar regime?","Well, the lobbyists said that they didn't make any specific asks of the people who went to Doha. But they just hoped, and it turns out they were right about this, that these people would say nice things about Qatar and just sort of start to change the conversation that they thought the president might be picking up on through the media that he listens to, the social media that he uses and the people that he has in the White House.","Alan Dershowitz - as an example, he wrote a very glowing column about his visit in The Hill newspaper. And then, people like Governor Huckabee tweeted a couple of nice things about Doha and how lovely it was. The radio host who went over, John Batchelor, actually broadcast from Doha for a week and then spoke very glowingly afterwards in very positive terms, you know, really saying that the U. S. ought to embrace this country more. And, indeed, when the emir visited the White House in April of this year, which, in and of itself, was a big move, the president seemed very friendly with him, very open to him and called him and his country a friend of the U. S. And so to these lobbyists' minds, what they did worked.","What are the implications of this new approach in lobbying?I mean, I'm wondering - would Qatar or some other power start trying to get close to the people who are Mar-a-Lago members and might see Mr. Trump over the relish tray?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The lobbyists were successful in changing the conversation about Qatar and influencing the President's opinion."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, absolutely not, Scott. That's not - that's the - kind of our problem. Remember that we went from basically a dead start over the last 15 years where we didn't have these capabilities to now having a remarkable capability to collect intelligence and information using these platforms and all these great people. And so we just - as an institution we have to get ahead of that. It's been hard to do as the demand grew so rapidly.","I know they're not in combat, which is its own category to acknowledge and respect, but is it possible for a drone pilot to develop what some people would call post-traumatic stress?","Oh, I think it's beyond possible. I think it's happened. This is one of the kind of second-order effects that we probably didn't anticipate when we first started this work. I don't think there's any question that it's a factor. I don't believe it's an overriding factor. We don't have a great number of people who have manifested these kind of symptoms and problems, but we certainly do have some.","Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Implies that there is a possibility for a drone pilot to experience psychological trauma, even if they are not in combat."} +{"dialogue":["So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.","People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.","(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.","You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Shaving his head affected how people perceived him"} +{"dialogue":["Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.","We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.","Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.","We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The exhibit helps students realize people of different races can get along."} +{"dialogue":["And she had been through family illnesses and the death of her husband and all these things. But she said that the comment, the Don Imus comment about \"nappy-headed hoes,\" referring to her team at Rutgers, was the toughest thing she'd been through. How did you feel when that statement was made and hit the news?","I felt saddened again. I felt like, wow, are you serious?Like, here we are in 2007 and once again, I don't know if at times, we - and I say we, I don't know if black people or just we Californians or we some people - just feel like, wow, we've really passed that point. Like it doesn't really exist, or you don't experience it so much, that I guess when we do experience it, you're just like, you feel like you have to take another step back.","What do you see coming up?You've done modeling, been to the Olympics, you know, obviously you're a wife and mother. What do you see coming up for you?","I have the Lisa Leslie Basketball Academy, which is great because I never wanted to lend my name without being able to give back to the youth myself. And this is a place where the kids can come out and play. And they will be able to learn and go through drills. And I also have a camp. Also I see me doing public speaking. I really think that our youth needs to hear positive stories like mine, and just see that it doesn't matter what your situation is at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Don Imus comment caused emotional pain to the coach and her team"} +{"dialogue":["So our school is actually majority minority, meaning we have a lot of immigrants and a lot of minorities in our school. And my school is very diverse, but also the administration, they do a very good job of accommodating to all of our needs. I don't say it enough in every interview, but my school is a great school. I don't hate my principal or any of the people in my school. I just think they made a mistake, and this is a learning opportunity for them.","So in the end, why didn't you just say, and remember, tomorrow is the first day for the rest of your life, have a great summer?","(Laughter) Why didn't I just give a generic speech?Because I feel like if change is going to happen, we are going to have to speak outside of the guidelines and we are going to have to break a few boundaries. What adults think that we want to hear at graduation is completely incorrect because all the graduating students that spoke to me afterwards, they were happy that I mentioned the names. And they were happy of the message I was trying to send to them because we have been living with these realities for a while. I'm not introducing a new idea at graduation when I say those names. I'm just remembering and paying respect and really making them understand the privilege.","What are you going to do now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The school is diverse despite being majority minority"} +{"dialogue":["The report we got yesterday on jobs was not the greatest, but it wasn't bad. Unemployment rate still at 3. 7%; that's historically low. The numbers were a little soft. We also heard the Federal Reserve Board chairman say he doesn't foresee a recession right away. And yet, the markets closed mixed, and the sentiment is still that the overhanging shadow of the trade war is the main issue on the mind of the markets and of businesses looking forward.","And finally, the president's self-inflicted controversy over whether he was told Alabama was threatened by a hurricane - and he used his own Sharpie to alter a map - seems to be lasting longer than the storm.","Oh, I wish it would. This began as a simple mistake, with the president warning and frightening people who were not in danger. So it was corrected right away by the weather service and could have been forgotten by now. Instead, the president has insisted on reviving it and doing so daily.","The latest is a statement from the parent agency of the National Weather Service saying the forecasters in Alabama were wrong to reassure the people of that state and correct the president last weekend. Weather forecasters in and out of government, in and out of Alabama, all rallying to the defense of the weather service forecasters there. All the data and the videotape confirm that. The parent agency in the White House have not responded to questions about this latest twist in the ongoing saga."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The numbers are not completely confirmed and memories of the trade war are what people are thinking about."} +{"dialogue":["There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr. Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.","When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?","It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.","So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is no fully functional artificial heart currently available"} +{"dialogue":["And then, on top of that, you've got a set of rules that just make any type of compromise very difficult. And the toughest one there is that any budget or spending plan has to pass by two-thirds of a vote of both the Senate and the Assembly. So, even though the Democrats hold pretty firm majorities in both houses, they can't do it without getting three Republican votes from the Senate and three from the Assembly.","So, it basically has to be a consensus budget. And the governor for his entire term has been totally flummoxed by the fact that it's so difficult to find a middle ground in the legislature to get things done.","Jordan Rau reporting from Sacramento for the Los Angeles Times on California's massive budget deficit facing more than $14 billion shortfall this year. And, Jordan, thank you very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The governor has had a hard time finding common ground in the legislature to get things done due to the difficulty in passing a budget."} +{"dialogue":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?"} +{"dialogue":["One thing in the filing that might undercut that is a detail where she had booked a hotel room with the company card in Washington, D. C. , for an event. She changed her travel plans so that she was no longer coming for the entire time. And one of the nights in the hotel room that she had booked, Duncan Hunter went and had a tryst with one of the individuals that he was having an affair with in the hotel room that she had booked. So her knowledge about all the spending that was being done doesn't necessarily add up with what his theory is for the defense.","What's next in this trial?And in the meantime, is there any sign that Duncan Hunter would consider resigning?","He has not shown any interest in resigning. We haven't seen that. Right now it's on pace to go to trial in September. It's possible there will be a plea deal before then. It's not looking great for Hunter. But that being said, there's very little chance that any plea deal would not involve any jail time, so of course he would have to resign. He won reelection last year and seems very much focused on getting past this, so we will find out.","That's KPBS reporter Max Rivlin-Nadler reporting from San Diego. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The woman who booked a hotel room with the company card did not know about the affair, which contradicts Hunter's defense theory."} +{"dialogue":["So right now, we're seeing a retrenching, although I do think that more advertisers should be spending more money online right now and unfortunately, maybe pulling from traditional media because you can track your online advertising much better than you can with your general traditional buckshot type of campaigns.","You talk a lot to us about the opportunities that are out there for entrepreneurs of color, and of course, Russell Simmons has been someone who's been able to do a little bit of everything. He started out in the music industry. He's done you know - he's got for-profit, non-profit, jewelry, you know, home, clothing. . .","Credit card.","Yeah. It's just pretty much everything."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : More advertisers should invest in online advertising rather than traditional media."} +{"dialogue":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr. Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed."} +{"dialogue":["It's possible, but for the active vaccines, yeah, that's correct.","Is there a lot of research that's going on in this field?","There is. It's sparse. There are some groups that have been working in this for a number of years, but like I said, it's - the research requires a lot of different initiatives. So it's not something that a group who's just doing chemistry or immunology can do. You have to kind of meld together chemistry, immunology and neuropharmacology to kind of look at this overall process.","And is there great interest?You say there might be interest if you can develop this in - for people, the drug companies, because it's given later, might be interested in it as opposed to giving, as you say, prophylactics to drug addicts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3): The research requires a lot of different initiatives. = It takes a lot of effort to research this field."} +{"dialogue":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E. Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va. We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The monuments commission will listen to all sides and tell the whole truth."} +{"dialogue":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr. Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S. and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S. military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Russia's actions in shooting down MH17, invading Ukraine, not complying with chemical weapons removal in Syria, and doping in the Olympics show their troublesome behavior globally."} +{"dialogue":["You have also done \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and you had a particular experience with a very tall object. Tell me about how you felt with that.","So they didn't tell me that it was boot camp. And when I found out it was boot camp I didn't know that I would be actually living on the premises in the woods. You take a person that every single weekend I'm standing on five-star hotels and now I'm living in a log cabin with Erin Moran who I grew up watching on TV, on \"Happy Days. \"So I'm star struck, I'm hungry, and I'm feeling like a girl scout. The day came for me to climb up a tower, and I totally panicked. I thought that I could do it, I wanted to do it, but my mind could not digest it. So here I am, over 35 years old, on TV, no eyebrows, no make-up, stuck in a harness crying with a head rag on.","How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : I am living in a log cabin with celebrity Erin and feel excited about the experience. When it was time to climb a tower, I panicked."} +{"dialogue":["Hey, Mary Louise.","So how serious is this?What else do we know?","We don't really know a lot more. We learned of this in a brief statement from campaign senior adviser Jeff Weaver. He said, as you mentioned in the intro there, that Sanders had felt some chest discomfort last night at a campaign event. And what they also told us is that Sanders had a blockage in one artery. Two stents were inserted. His campaign has really not said a whole lot more than that except that events will be canceled until further notice but that the senator is, quote, \"in good spirits. \"He is resting up for a few days.","Now, I did talk to Steven Nissen today. He's a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic. He's not the doctor that worked on Sanders, but he just sort of told me what to expect in these cases, what the prognosis is. And pretty much what he told me is this. The way to look at it is that heart disease is, indeed, serious, but this is also a very routine procedure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Sanders is feeling happy and hopeful after the procedure."} +{"dialogue":["Hey.","Hey, Farai.","So, what are we talking about?","Well, it's a service that HuffingtonPost. com is offering. It's called Fundraece 2008. All you do is enter a street address and the site provides the names, addresses and occupations of the people who live in that area and the candidates they've backed and how much they've given them. And you can search by a person's name or by a company for instance if you want to see how political support breaks down in a place like Halliburton or Google or Bank of America. And it seems like an invasion of privacy. But all this campaign information is public and it's all on the Web. And we have a link to that site on our blog.","Wow, sounds like you can have a neighbor-to-neighbor fight. You don't even have to put the sign out in front\u2026","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The website provides personal and political information about people based on their address, which may be an invasion of privacy."} +{"dialogue":["Sure. The basic idea is that if, in your country, you've got natural resources, that somebody is going to pay to come into your country and extract and then sell on the international market. That seems like something that ought to economically benefit your country. You will get new revenue from the extraction and sale of your natural resources. But what we see over and over again is that selling off your natural resources in the commodities market tends to kind of ruin your country. It tends to leave you worse off, even economically worse off. And that's because it has a warping effect on your economy.","It's hard to have a diversified, stable economy when you've got one resource that's pulling in such a big revenue stream. And when you've got one resource that's pulling in such a big revenue stream, you tend to end up with very rich elites who will do anything to hold onto power, who stop doing the other things that governments should otherwise be doing to serve the needs of the people.","OK. So what does this have to do with Michael Jackson's glove?","(Laughter) Well, it's both a sad and all areas side story in this. The government in Equatorial Guinea got all these oil revenues. And they basically decided to turn the president of the country and his son into some of the richest and most ostentatiously, flagrantly tacky people on the globe while the people of that country suffered and got poorer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Selling off natural resources makes the economy in a country worse than before."} +{"dialogue":["And what's interesting, I think, is Macron seemed unwilling to walk on eggshells for the American president. And by springing this Iranian visit, he seemed to make it clear that he's not going to shape the summit to avoid triggering someone like Trump. Of course, we have one more day left tomorrow, and we'll see how it goes.","And is there someone with whom the president seemed to get along well?","Yeah, there was - Boris Johnson. Of course, he's the U. K. prime minister, and they've met on a number of occasions. They have a very natural rapport, and they're big sort of oversized personalities. As you said, they're on the same side with Brexit. And another thing I would say is that Johnson sort of feels that he needs to be cozy with Trump because he's leaving the EU, and he's desperate for a trade deal with the U. S. So it seems like Trump does have a buddy at this summit but still seems a bit distant from the other leaders of the major economies.","That is NPR's Frank Langfitt reporting from the G-7 summit in France."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Macron was not afraid to offend Trump by not shaping the summit to his liking."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. They may, you know, be with someone, or as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk, you know?We all - we all kind of fill that space. And so hopefully maybe some information that they've heard could prove valuable in cases as we work towards resolution.","How many cold cases do you have there on the books in Colorado?",">>SIMKINS Here in Colorado we have nearly 1,600 cases total. And when we identify a cold case, we are calling any unresolved homicide that is more than three years from the commission of crime a cold case. We're also including any long-term missing person cases and any unidentified remains.","There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk\" - this is a metaphorical expression, suggesting that people communicate and exchange information in various ways, just like card players do."} +{"dialogue":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : J.Crew has evolved from being a catalog retailer to having physical stores and an online retail site."} +{"dialogue":["We're talking with Joan Vennochi, the columnist for the Boston Globe, about a piece she wrote on the opinion page there today. It's called \"Did the police let their guard down?\"You can find a link to it at our website. Go to npr. org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And as you said earlier, it is impossible to secure the 26. 2 miles of the event, the huge crowds, like, 28,000 runners that gather to start the race, the crowds at the finished line, everything along the route. But Boston is not alone. Every city in town across the country has a big event. Do you think after Boston, police everywhere are going to have to look into their security?","Well, that seemed to be the feeling of people who know more about terrorism and security issues than I do, that again priority shift with time, there is a complacency that comes over certainly smaller towns and cities. I think New York City and L. A. , you know, places like that probably think about more than we thought about it here. It just seemed like something that could never happen. And until it does, you just think of it as something fairly remote, even though Boston certainly had a very direct connection to 9\/11 since the planes left from here.","But, yeah, I mean, I think it makes - it's going to make the experts, again, think about the tradeoffs. Again, you can' protect against everything. But is there a way you want to rejigger what happens at the finish line?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have."} +{"dialogue":["So what do these numbers here in Southern California, what does that mean for the rest of the country?","You know the other kind of metro coastal areas are following a pretty similar pattern. But you know places like Charlotte, North Carolina haven't - places that haven't had the kind of run up that we had in the hot spots probably aren't seeing as large declines because they don't have this part of fall. But the real sort of disaster areas are California and Nevada, Arizona, Florida. You know, New York City has had great appreciation and hasn't seen the large declines now. So that sort of the one the economists are watching next to see, you know, if New York's bubble is - which is sort of been slowly deflating is really going to have a big burst at some point.","Foreclosure seems to be playing a big role in all of this. A new study came out yesterday from the company Realty Track showing that across the country fewer Americans are thinking about buying a foreclosed home. So what might be the effect of this?","Here in southern California people are buying foreclosed homes, especially ones that are sort of decent quality.","I understand that you are currently speaking to us from a home that was foreclosed on. Can you tell us a little about your situation there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The economists are watching New York City next to see if its bubble will burst."} +{"dialogue":["People on the ground are really panicking. Women, children, families have been, on a daily basis for the last four months, been in an area where there's been bombing, airstrikes, ground offensives that has really made their life impossible. More than 400,000 had to run to safety within the governorate in an area where 3 million people are living. We've had more than a hundred incidents of health clinics, schools, water distribution points, a market that received a direct strike, which was really - has tolled, so far, more than 500 deaths and a total panic where one sees entire villages and towns deserted, people running to safety.","So our biggest concern is really the protection of civilians. The basic rule of war - that residential areas, civilians should be respected and protected - it is violated at this point in the Idlib area. And that's really something that is not acceptable.","We should remind people, in fact, a direct intentional attack on civilians is a war crime, isn't it?","It is. If it's proven that it's intentional, it is."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People that are in the area of the conflict while it is happening."} +{"dialogue":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S. presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Paul Volcker was once a young economist who thought he had no future at the Fed but later became an important figure in the US government."} +{"dialogue":["So you had to come prepared to tell a good yarn, tell a good story or something.","Yeah, well, a good science is a good story. We're all storytellers, you know, all of us, from the novelist to the artist trying to say something new and take us in a new direction on canvas to scientists who have discovered something. And when they discover something, they want to tell a story. They want to fill out and explain to others why, where it came from, what's happening, what kind of a process is going on and where is it going to lead?","And you talk about it - and there is a chapter that I think it's entitled \"I Never Change. \"And you are - does that mean you stay true to yourself, or you wear the badge of being a free thinker?","I - well actually I became, like so many kids, fascinated by insects when I was about nine years old. And, you know, it's a saying, every kid has a bug period. I never grew out of mine, and thank heavens I didn't. I usually spent a lot of time alone. We traveled a lot; I was an only child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : You are a free thinker and that is very obvious to everyone you meet."} +{"dialogue":["What are his legal and PR teams trying to achieve by releasing audio conversations or snippets of them with Donald trump and apparently claiming that Trump knew in advance of that Trump Tower meeting with a group of Russians?","Well, I have to say, Scott, I think that's pretty much a mystery to a lot of people. Most criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors can't. . .",". . . That I've spoken to can't make sense of it. It's a very, very unusual situation.","We're getting some bad audio - either that or a Martian craft has landed over your shoulder, so you might want to take a look, in which case we really got a big story to work on."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Despite legal and PR efforts, it is difficult for experts to make sense of the situation"} +{"dialogue":["Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.","For how much?","It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.","And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Hanna was a victim of human trafficking as a North Korean bride, not a willing participant"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. That was when I went over to Ukraine. When I signed the deal, my wife was pregnant. I knew the baby was coming middle or the end of October. You know, the team kind of told me that soon as the baby's born, I'll be able to scoot home right away, and it didn't work out that way. They kept me there for a few more weeks and then let me go home for five days.","Forgive me. You missing any teeth after 18 seasons?","I am not, no. I got hit in the face twice in practice. I always put my mask up in between drills. And one time, the trainer mistakenly threw the puck over the glass and hit me in the mouth. And then another guy flipped the puck from the corner when I was sitting there watching the coach explain a drill and hit me in the mouth.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He would be able to go home happily when the baby was born."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter).","Did that work for you?","Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .","Yeah.",". . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.","I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The servants and royals believe that they are better than everyone else."} +{"dialogue":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The carrots and sticks refer to how you get a horse to move the way you want."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The political divide between the Democratic and Republican parties is not the only divide that exists, there are divides within the two parties as well."} +{"dialogue":["I think Russia wants what it's always wanted, which is to establish its own security. I suspect that Mr. Putin, in his heart of hearts, would love to re-establish the borders of the old Soviet Union. And security, to them, consists of trying to defend yourself against everybody else. I think that's what they want. And so they regard all the rest of us with great suspicion and as potential enemies.","You write about people in intelligence looking over their shoulders at what you called the Snowdenistas. How has Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking changed intelligence agencies and security work?","Well, I think it has changed. I think they need obviously, if they're going to be able to keep us safe, to see what their targets - and that is a broad word - are doing online. And yet, obviously, naturally, the civil liberties lobby is interested in our civil liberties and our right to privacy and so there's tension there. And I think that that is very much now a feature of the way intelligence services have to work in Western countries, particularly in my country. And the government is trying to introduce legislation which will actually give them the powers that they now need. But it's a very difficult business to get this right in the face of people's natural concern for their privacy.","Dame Stella, I fell hard for one of your characters in this novel, Jasminder."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : is asking how intelligence agencies have changed in response to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking"} +{"dialogue":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Marked difference in tone between President Trump's comments that we just heard and the tweet he posted just after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony on Thursday - what happened?","You could say it was an incredible difference, Scott. Earlier in the week, the president had scoffed openly at Dr. Ford's story. Now the president seems deeply impressed, calls her testimony very compelling. Some of this could be the different ways the president gets information. He apparently watched her on television. Or it could be about the different ways he communicates - on Twitter, on one hand, versus TV coming from the Oval Office. And as to which are his true feelings, as the president says, we'll have to see.","Reports are that, at any given time, 20 percent of U. S. households were tuning in. And that, of course, doesn't count people who watched in airports, at work and public places. Used to be, we all tuned in for moon landings. This week, it was for a symbolic event, that it's become for many, but also the story of two people and what happened one night in 1982."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : President Trump's tweet after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony contradicts his earlier comments"} +{"dialogue":["The program hasn't been very popular with the farmers. They would much prefer to just have more successful markets that they can go to rather than have to kind of accept government handouts.","President Trump tweeted earlier this year that with more than a hundred billion coming into the U. S. in tariffs, the U. S. would buy agricultural products from farmers, ship them to poor and starving countries in the form of humanitarian assistance. Has that happened?","No. They looked into a program along those lines but realized it was pretty infeasible. You know, there's problems with kind of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries because you can ruin their own agriculture sectors. So they decided to just do the more simple program, where you provide the direct payments to farmers. Now, the part that is right there is that the total amount being brought in by these could get to be $100 billion. I mean, at the current pace - it was 6 billion in June. That would work out to about 72 billion a year if it continues. And there's talk of adding even more tariffs on top of that. So you really could get to 100 billion being the number.","But at the end of the day, this has not turned into some kind of windfall for the U. S."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : President Trump's tweet did not lead to buying agricultural products for humanitarian assistance."} +{"dialogue":["Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.","I'm glad to be here.","Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?","It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover."} +{"dialogue":["Latin America and Mexico. South America, by contrast is being hit with a delay. When you go to Colombia or Peru, people are aware of the bad news of the global economy, but in the local economy they do not feel the - the impact with great strength yet.","Now, we're seeing reports, for example, that say that unemployment has hit every sector in Latin America, even the bodyguards in drug-torn countries like Colombia are losing their jobs. How big an issue is unemployment?","It will become an increasingly more important issue as time goes by. Latin America in contrast, say, with Asia, is less integrated into the production chain. So the falling in exports of Latin America are essentially the fall of commodity exports. And they are not very intense in employment.","However, as the tsunami of the global problems propagates through Latin America, unemployment will start picking up in other sectors eventually including in the non-tradable sectors like services and so forth. So, in countries like Mexico, surely, the impact is already being felt given its proximity to the U. S. In other countries, it's coming with some delay. But, unemployment and recession are the name of the situation for Latin America, not financial meltdown."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : No one was hit, but the unemployment numbers have been a shock and have had a negative affect on latin america. No one fell, but numbers have gone down in exports."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. We've had - you know, when it first started, there was some congressional interest. But I mean, nobody can do anything, right?I mean, the Trump administration doesn't appear to listen to anybody but Donald Trump.","There is wide bipartisan support for the U. S. taking a tougher line with China. But what sort of deal would you like to see?","I mean, I'd be happy if they just took away the 25% tax so I could compete on a level playing field, right?The tariffs they imposed on our lobsters in China never bothered anybody because it was equal for everybody, so it was no harm, no foul. I don't expect to get a better trade tariff rate than the Canadians when this is over, if it's ever over. You just can't sit here and wait forever.","Yeah. So if things continue the way they are for a few more months, is there a real threat that you guys will go out of business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump"} +{"dialogue":["I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.","And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?","So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is a possibility of an election despite no official announcement yet."} +{"dialogue":["And that made both party's much more democratic operations - again, small D. But the Democrats - large D, capital D - pushed it a lot further than the Republicans. The Republicans want to restrain the representational nature of the system a little bit so as to reach a conclusion a little faster. And that's the big difference now.","I think in Super Tuesday-voting today, for example, it's quite possible that one Republican candidate will get enough votes around the country that he'll become the nominee more or less de facto. On the Democratic side, though, there's really no chance to that. The proportional splits that I've been talking about, the breaking of the vote down and making it representative of the vote, that's going to divide the delegates between the two parties - or between the two candidates on the Democratic side.","So there are people on both sides of the major party system who have dropped out, and they have delegates. What happens to their delegates?","There aren't many, really. It's just a handful in both parties. And what will happen to those delegates is after their candidate is officially out - John Edwards, for example, is not officially out. He's just suspended his campaign."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : In this turn, the use of \"democratic\" with a small 'D' is not referring to the political ideology of democracy. Instead, it is referring to the internal operations of the parties becoming more inclusive and participatory. Similarly, \"Democrats\" with a capital 'D' is not solely referring to the Democratic Party, but rather to the people who identify with or support the Democratic Party."} +{"dialogue":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The G8 leaders were careless and demonstrated contempt for the rest of the world."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. It was over in an hour or something, right?Yeah.","Exactly.","The emperor Augustus almost cracked up on your watch.","Yeah. That was - the Vatican exhibit was coming into the Met, some Leonardos, really fine, fine pieces of art. The Augustus was one big crate. And as the truck was coming down the ramp, you could see the truck driver was going too fast. And the top of the crate hit the concrete support beam in the garage, and all you heard was a crunching of wood. And my heart almost stopped."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Their heart did not almost stop but they did fell very close to panic when they heard the sound."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","Why don't we start with a song?","Happily.","(Singing) There's a big white house on a leafy street on a summer's day in 1963. Station wagons parked in the drive with dents in the fender and wood on the side. There's kids and dogs and Instamatic cubes squinting hard in the sun. Not just yet, but one day, too, they'll be chasing what's already gone.","(Singing) You grow up tall and you grow up tough, trying to never admit not feeling good enough, until you find your passion and you find your way. Just trying to make it unscathed through every day. And it seems to happen nearly overnight. Life shows you who you've become. When there's no more mystery in the fading light, you're just chasing what's already gone. Like the line that spells the far horizon, moving with you as fast as you can run. Half your life, you pay it no attention. The rest you can't stop wondering what you should have done instead of chasing what's already gone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Memories of the past can be bittersweet and chasing them can be a futile effort."} +{"dialogue":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The horses are usually calm when approached with care and respect."} +{"dialogue":["A busy week at the U. S. Federal Reserve. The central bank announced it would end its stimulus program after six years. And later in the week, the Fed's chair, Janet Yellen, gave a speech about diversity in the field of economics. She said the profession, which seems to be dominated by white men, would benefit from a wider variety of viewpoints and pointed to what she called a leaky pipeline that's prevented women and minorities from making it into the top ranks of academia. We're joined now in our studios by labor economist Julianne Malveaux. Dr. Malveaux, thanks very much for being with us.","DR. JULIANNE MALVEAUX: It's absolutely a pleasure. Thank you, Scott.","What do you make of that leaky pipeline analogy?","It's absolutely the case. When you look at the research from the past, white males were the norm. It was not until the '70s that folks like Janet Yellen and others introduced women into, essentially, the research - just the research. I think that some of my work and others began to introduce black women, but by and large you're talking a white male space."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) -- It is true that the field of economics has been dominated by white men for a long time, and that it was only in the 1970s that people like Janet Yellen began to introduce women into research."} +{"dialogue":["Shawn Levy, an accomplished biographer and film critic, joins us now. Shawn, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you.","How does the chateau both fit into and stand above the Hollywood landscape?","Well, physically, it actually stands above the Sunset Strip. It's right on the eastern edge of the strip on a rise, and it's situated at a curve. So if you come toward it from the east - from Hollywood into West Hollywood - it kind of disappears. The road takes you away from it before you quite register it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The chateau doesn't actually disappear, it just is no longer visible at some point."} +{"dialogue":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition."} +{"dialogue":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that Republicans are avoiding talking about gun policy and are only willing to talk about it on Fox News, suggesting that they are being disingenuous in their approach."} +{"dialogue":["He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.","Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.","The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.","One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Nuclear terrorism is not just about the possibility of terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons, but also about the fear and imagination surrounding the threat."} +{"dialogue":["That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.","You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.","We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.","I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There is no drill, the person wants to get right to the basic part of the information."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?","Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.","So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The treatment of the automakers in comparison to Wall Street has caused anger and frustration among people in Detroit."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, we're looking at how people make movies through a microscope. And I hadn't really thought about this much before this week, but there's a sort of long history of this, and there have been a few real pioneers of this field. And one of them is a guy, a photographer called Roman Vishniac.","And you may know this name because he's famous for sort of a very different kind of photography. He took portraits. He has a picture of Einstein that's pretty famous. And he is famous for documenting Jews in Eastern Europe for World War II.","But it turns out that he also was this huge science buff, and he made these educational movies funded by NSF and others for classroom use, and a lot of them featured his micro-movies, these movies that he did in his New York apartment through the microscope with, you know, pond scum that he collected I don't know where, my guess would be Central Park, just looking at some of the footage.","Right, and so then he trained - this moviemaker trained his camera into the lens of the microscope."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Roman Vishniac was a multifaceted artist who had interests in various fields."} +{"dialogue":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The car czar should not be the only answer to the auto industry's problems; loans should be offered, but with strict conditions."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, he loved it. He totally loved it, because he's not musical. He doesn't play an instrument. So, you know, I think when he's writing, it's a basic, almost like a poetry kind of - he's just writing with a little beat in his head. But when he hears a song of his completely flushed out with melody and instrumentation, it really bowls him over.","MR. DAN AUERBACH: (Singing) How you were?In my sleep. (Unintelligible) never keep. . .","A number of songs that you've done as half of half of the Black Keys have wound up in films and in TV shows and even video games. The tune \"Strange Times\" appeared on the radio station in Grand Theft Auto IV. How do you feel about your music winding up in these places?","I think it's cool. I mean, you know, they don't play music much on the radio anymore, you know, not major radio. Getting our music out there anyway possible, it's the way to go, and video games are pretty huge, although I can't really play video games. I don't know. The modern video games kind of - they're too three dimensional. Have you ever played the. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : When he hears a song of his completed with music and song he gets really excited and impressed."} +{"dialogue":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : His views of the world were oppressive and unfair, requiring certain people to be subjected to physical and mental hardships."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks. Good to be with you.","So you start your book by talking about a conversation you had with your young son. Tell us about what prompted that.","Well, he was 7 years old. He got in the car, put his seatbelt on, and he said to me, Mom, do you know what a hooker and a stripper are?And I was a little bit floored because I had been pretty much the mother from hell in terms of making sure that I knew everything he had ever seen, and I was the one that was acculturating my children. I wasn't having the media do it, and what the story turned out to be is he'd been at the playground that day and a bunch of boys had been talking about a video game that one of them had been playing. He told me that, Mom, you know, if you kill enough people, you get to go into a room where a lady takes off her top. That's what a stripper is. And if you kill more people and you get to a higher level of the game, you get to go into a room where a lady takes off all her clothes. That's what a hooker is. Well, needless to say, I was really floored because without anything coming from me or the home, he already had in his mind a connection between violence and killing and sexuality.","So what did you do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The mother was surprised that her 7-year-old son already knew about the terms 'hooker' and 'stripper' and their connection to violence and sexuality without her teaching him."} +{"dialogue":["Other than describing him as a populist, can you describe his politics to us?","Well, he has a combination of sort of radicalism, and he doesn't want high-speed trains. He want the unemployment benefits for everyone. But also, he said he wants a referendum on the euro - which, of course, is completely the pie in the sky. But these he's got, also, some wise - says some wise things, says, for instance, we have to stop showering political parties with public money.","I know you, in the United States, you have different problems with money and politics. But in Europe, especially in Italy, too much money - public money, our money goes to political parties. He say: Two terms is enough in parliament. And he says things that, actually, sort of people like to hear. And that's why he could share those points. You could leave the populist and the radical things aside and find those things that he share with the Italian Democratic Party - which, by the way, is not that different from your Democratic Party. The big difference, that you have Obama, and in Italy, we have Bersani.","Well, a lot of people are interested in another name that begins with a B, and that is Berlusconi. He left office in disgrace. He is still facing numerous trials, and yet here he is, back, a major player once again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The politician holds some wise ideas despite his radical and populist views."} +{"dialogue":["Fort Dietrich, Maryland. What did he do there?","Yeah. This is a very secure area which is set up to do research on some of the most dangerous pathogens that are known to man, actually. They have what's called a biosafety level-four containment facility, maybe you've seen pictures of these guys in moon suits, where they deal with these, you know, highly deadly agents.","Bruce Ivins worked there, and his principal role, at least as far as I can tell from looking through the papers he's published - now, this is a very secret place, so you don't get a lot of information out of them - but his role there seems to have been to work on vaccines to protect against anthrax. In particular, he was trying to make a vaccine that would be more robust, that it might help the immune system fight off exposure to anthrax. Of course, the military is very interested in this, because they're worried about anthrax as a bioweapon.","Do we know anything more about why he originally came under suspicion?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Fort Dietrich is a high-security area for dangerous pathogen research."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think on the third CD you definitely want to show some level of growth. I think your first album is your introduction. Your second album needs to show consistency. And your third album has to show growth in order for you to have a fourth album.","(Singing) You are a star, and you are perfect just the way you are. Keep on dreaming, keep on shining. . .","So, \"Keep On Dreaming,\" one of your songs, folds in the loop from Suzanne Vega's \"Tom's Diner. \"And you have echoes of songs by other artists throughout the CD, but not samples per se. Why did you choose that approach?","You know, I think people want to be able to hear something familiar while hearing something new. It kind of ties it all together, like the \"Tom's Diner\" sample, it's just, it's like, she managed to be able to convey a certain feeling just off a melody that she had. She didn't really even say anything, but \"duh duh da da, duh duh da da. \"You know what I'm saying?And I think that's something that I wanted to mimic in this song. It's not a lot of words, but it's really just a feeling that I was trying to convey."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The artist prioritizes conveying emotion over lyrics in their music"} +{"dialogue":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The movement to get kids to do math is becoming known and done by a large amount of people."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, that's right. The president showed up a little late this morning and left the summit before it was over. And before leaving, he made a statement to reporters that sounded a lot like one of his rallies in America's heartland. He said America is the piggy bank that everybody is robbing and vowed that that was going to end.","And if that message were not enough to rile the other leaders, he also said that he thought the G-7 ought to re-admit Vladimir Putin's Russia, saying he thought it would be, quote, \"a real asset. \"","Well, Ron, remind us why Russia was kicked out, or, I guess, technically suspended, anyway. It wasn't just for soiling the carpet.","Russia was suspended in 2014 over its annexation of Crimea, which was one of a series of Russian aggressions against its neighbor Ukraine. That was a clear violation of international law. So the other seven countries gave Russia the boot and imposed a number of other sanctions. Then, early last year, Russia said it wasn't even interested in being in the G-8 anymore anyway."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders"} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend."} +{"dialogue":["I suppose that reaching young people would be the appropriate place to go to try to build a new sensibility about Africa?","I had this girl in Oakland come up to me, and she says why are you talking to us?I look around the audience here and the kids sitting alongside of me, the people who can make a difference are people with influence, people with money, and the people sitting by me have neither. I said it is so much more than you think in terms of the influence you have and the power you have, the sense of passion you have.","You know, they haven't settled yet often in high school and stuff. We get older and we seem to just settle and say, well that's the way it is and the edge seems to be taken off. But they're at high school, and at colleges, universities, they haven't settled for less and it is - it's inspiring for me as I see the activism that's happening.","Now, does it happen within your own family?I don't know the ages of your children, but I wonder if your passion has been passed down to them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate."} +{"dialogue":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : asking if there is a general perception that media companies are easy targets for lawsuits."} +{"dialogue":["So, what I think is, at least, a part of the solution is, when we do something, to take a small group and to stay with them. I stayed with a group of girls for a year at a time for over a decade, and I did see two or three people who called me a couple of years later, Judge, I just want to tell you how well I am doing.","It's not a great answer. It's not the answer everybody wants to hear because it's not a panacea, and it's work intensive while the success rate is low, but I think it's what has to be done.","Judge, always great to talk to you.","Always.","That was News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler. She's a former municipal court judge and now hosts the syndicated television show, \"Divorce Court. \"She joined us from the studios of KJZZ in Temple, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch"} +{"dialogue":["And so that's what gives them some optimism, and, while they think their internal poll numbers are better than the public polls, which, in a lot of these states, show them back - in these red states or Republican states, show McCain back, in some cases, by a double digits, they say their internal poll is showing just a few points.","Still, here is Karl Rove writing in the Wall Street Journal today. His overall tone is, never mind the polls, go ahead and vote anyway. He does cite Ronald Reagan as an example in 1980. Out of the last 14 presidential campaigns, he says, Ronald Reagan 1980 was the last time that a candidate was behind in the Gallup poll the week before the election and still went ahead to win.","Yes. That's part of the tough, uphill climb the McCain campaign faces. They face the problem of history, and they also face the problem of the actual, you know, numbers that are coming from inside the important states, as opposed to, say, the national numbers.","And also, for their long shot strategy to pay off, a lot of things that we've seen on the ground, the extraordinary enthusiasm in Democratic ranks, the registration advantage Democrats have over Republicans in these key states, those have all turned out to be not as great as advertised, and that's a lot of things that have to fall in line perfectly over the next five days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : McCain campaign is facing a difficult challenge from Obama"} +{"dialogue":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : My lows were not due to substance abuse."} +{"dialogue":["Sorry. Sorry. Well, one more sticky issue. You got some pushback from a song - on the song, \"Wish You Were Gay. \"And people were hoping it would become an anthem for the LGBTQ community. But some people are actually not pleased about it. They feel that it's - there's pushback about it. And how do you think about that?","You know what I think is that everybody has a right to feel exactly what they feel. And it's not anyone's place to tell somebody that their being offended is not correct, you know?It's, like, that's a thing that you can't control. And if somebody doesn't feel OK with something, then you have to respect that and understand that and not try to fight that.","And so I knew writing that song that - it wasn't meant as an insult. And it wasn't meant to be offensive in any way. So for me, I didn't even really think about it because it was so not at all. . .","O'CONNELL: Controversial to us.",". . . Controversial in my mind because I thought of it as almost like a positive thing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Everyone should respect other people's feelings and not try to control them, even if they don't agree."} +{"dialogue":["Syria continues to suffer. Russia now mounts military strikes against the Islamic State that also help shore up the regime of Bashar al-Assad, whom they support and whom the U. S. says must leave. President Obama says there's no meeting of the minds. Niall Ferguson, the historian, has been critical of what he considers the president's lack of policy. Professor Ferguson joins us from the studios at Harvard. Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure.","You write the great flaw you see in President Obama's Syria strategy has been, I'll quote, \"his insistence that the only alternative to doing next to nothing was all out invasion. \"What alternatives do you think he's missing?","Initially, it was a relatively straightforward proposition that the United States should give military assistance to the opposition, to Assad, the free Syrian army. And that was something the president resisted. And the last throw of the president's dice came this year when he was offered by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, the option to cooperate against Islamic State. And the president essentially said no to that. I think it's fair to say that the president has divert (ph) - I put it this way - that he was playing solitaire while everybody else was playing chess. And unfortunately it's now much, much more difficult to intervene effectively than it was at the outset of the Syrian Civil War."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Niall Ferguson believes that President Obama has missed out on many opportunities to address the situation in Syria, such as providing military assistance to the opposition or cooperating with Russia."} +{"dialogue":["Mr. Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?","Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.","And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?","Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : not literally served, as someone placing prepared food on a table for someone to eat, but working in a job or position"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, there's quite a few of them. I looked up a couple. There's one that's e-Cycle. com. The EPA also has a pretty good index for, you know, how to find these places. There's another one called ecyclingcentral. com, where you can look up local things. And I also advise people to talk to their, you know, local landfill or, you know, contact your carrier or the maker of your phone, because I truly believe that that's something that they could, you know, do better, is - at least make it easy when you're getting that new phone to drop off the old one so that it gets recycled or reused.","Or maybe, you know, even on the box where the phone comes in, it has a label already stuck on it for sticking it back in the mail.","Yeah. That would be a phenomenal idea.","Yeah. Well, we sometimes come up with an idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The idea of labeling phone boxes for recycling is good."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and\/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.","What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.","So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?","There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.","Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed"} +{"dialogue":["You don't see anything problematic with the underlying facts - the fact that, according to the unclassified transcript released by the White House, immediately after the Ukrainian president talks about buying more Javelin missiles, the president is asking Zelenskiy to do him a favor, though - his words - and then he turns the conversation to investigating former Vice President Joe Biden and his son. You have no problem with that.","Yeah, that is not an accurate description of the transcript. I've read the transcript. I've read the whistleblower account. And in neither one of those documents is there something that appears to be high crimes and misdemeanors, which is what the Founding Fathers created the impeachment process to account for to begin with. It should only be used in extraordinary circumstances to impeach a president for high crimes and misdemeanors. I have yet to hear an account by any Democrat on Capitol Hill of where the high crimes and misdemeanors are found in the whistleblower account or the transcript.","OK. That would be an interpretation of those facts, though. Just let me be very clear. I'm just reading from the transcript. I have it in front of me, and my rendering of it is entirely accurate. What we're talking about here is what the interpretation should be of that and isn't that what the inquiry is for?","Well, I would love to hear you read the part of the transcript that would indict the president of high crimes and misdemeanors. I mean, it's not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They read the account from the person that made public the illegal deads of the government."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S. elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.","And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?","Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.","And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Russian operatives used deceptive tactics to create far-right groups."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : To be brilliant it has to be an extremely large blunder."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do.","Well, I guess the question is - why do they want to do this?But also, it sounds like almost acting like creators themselves. I mean, are they acting as - can they create something completely new?","Yeah, well that's it. They actually - that's what they want to do. They basically want to harness the power of biology to solve some of the biggest problems that faces humanity right now. It's a field of science known as synthetic biology. And basically, what they want to do is they want to be able to build genetic codes, sort of like the way computer programs program computers. They want to be able to write DNA, rewrite it - to be able to make organisms, living things, do whatever they want it to do.","OK. This does sound controversial. Tell us why."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The use of synthetic biology is likely to be controversial as it involves scientists manipulating and creating living organisms."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, he's a great story, absolutely. Another great story, though, before I let you get away from here is Mike Tomlin, headed to the Super Bowl, in what, his second, third year as a coach?That's pretty impressive.","Oh, yeah, yeah. I mean, I think Jim said this is not just he's his brother, but that, you know, his kind is - he leads a group of very young coaches, and I think in front of our eyes we've seen this transformation from the sort of old, recycled guys to all these young bloods with a lot of perk and energy.","You know, the Rooney Rule that Jim Brown made reference to with Art Rooney hiring, the Rooney family hiring Mike Tomlin, this is an example of, give a brother a chance and some good things can happen.","Yeah. We need a Rooney Rule on the media, Tony. Of course, we'll get to that next month, but. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : We need more people to hire black people in the media."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the first thing we did is we discussed with our veterans who had worked to install the Eternal Flame Memorial, this particular feature to this park, and tried to work out some sort of an agreement. And it was agreed that if we could keep the flame going, we would do that, but that it may require us to shut it down for a short period of time while we re-engineer or figure out what we can do to make this work. Unfortunately, we're in a budget crunch, and every penny counts.","I understand that shortly after you got this bill, the flame went out for a little bit.","It was shut off for about a day and half, two days. It was shut off for a brief period of time. That's correct.","And veterans there in Bullhead City didn't take too kindly to that decision."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Veterans were upset about the decision to shut down the flame."} +{"dialogue":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Stripping someone of their rights does not protect them."} +{"dialogue":["Non-binary meaning they don't identify as male or female. They and many other English speakers have been using they like this for years. Here, Emily Brewster will use it in a sentence.","Here is my friend J. They will be joining us for dinner. The they is referring to this individual who is standing right here.","Now, there's been criticism of this usage - some by those who don't understand why someone might identify as non-binary but also by those who are put off by this change in grammar. They - the critics - say it's confusing to hear they are in a sentence if the speaker is only referring to one person. But our word expert disagrees. Brewster says we already do this with another pronoun.","The word you was originally a plural pronoun, and in the 14th century, it started to slide toward this use of being both plural and singular. And so when I am speaking to you, an individual, a single person, I say you are. I don't say you is. The you are is grammatical."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge."} +{"dialogue":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr. Met. Mr. Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr. Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr. Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr. Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr. Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr. Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : the figurative use of the phrase \"flipping the bird\" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively."} +{"dialogue":["After they rejected President Obama's opening offer, Republicans issued a proposal of their own yesterday, which was promptly dismissed by the White House. One group that's already worked out a series of compromises to come up with a comprehensive proposal is a nonpartisan group called Fix the Debt. It emerged from the Simpson-Bowles Commission. Its ideas include higher taxes on the wealthy and tax reform, plus changes to Social Security and Medicare.","Former Republican Senator Pete Domenici serves on the steering committee of Fix the Debt, co-chairs the Debt Reduction Task Force at the Bipartisan Policy Center, and he joins us now by phone from his office in Washington, D. C. , and it's good of you to be with us today.","Thank you very much, Neal. I do want to clarify now, I'm not - I'm associated with the Bipartisan Policy Center. We put out our budget for use by the team working for the White House and the Republicans. It's not the same as the one you just announced.","All right."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They are just acknowledging the person's answer"} +{"dialogue":["So your book looked at air pollution in a number of countries, but we want to talk about a chapter that discusses the development of the Clean Air Act here in America. And you call this a landmark moment for public health. How come?","Well, the Clean Air Act of 1970 was really a revolutionary piece of legislation for its time. And I think in retrospect, it really stands as one of the most consequential laws in modern American history. A couple of congressionally commissioned studies since 1970 have found - literally - that the regulations enacted under the Clean Air Act have saved millions of American lives since that time and trillions of dollars.","So that's an extraordinary impact. It's one that's sometimes invisible to us. We obviously don't know if we haven't had a heart attack, haven't had an asthma attack, haven't lost a loved one because the air was cleaner than it otherwise would have been. But nonetheless, the science demonstrating that that's true is very solid.","You also call this the start of a new era in America's modern history - in what way?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : New era doesn't refer to a calendar date here , but rather a change in the mindset of a population"} +{"dialogue":["So, the one thing about balloons is they tend to move sort of west to east. So once we put balloons up there, they will float in a ring around the world, and they're - some of the balloons are right now on their way to Chile and Argentina. The goal of the project, once we roll it out further, is to have a continuous ring around the world at 40 degrees south latitude, and anyone under those - the path of the balloons would be able to use the trial service.","So it's like if I go up in a hot air balloon, I sort of - I go where the air current go. Is that the same thing here?","And that's one of the cool things about the project. We can steer the balloons by increasing or decreasing the altitude of the balloon and finding a wind that's going the direction we want. So if we see we want to go a little bit further north, we perhaps drop down a half a kilometer, find a wind going that direction and then stop at that altitude, and that's the way we steer the balloons.","And how long can they stay up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The balloons location around the planet forms a circle."} +{"dialogue":["I could live there. But, you know, as things stand now, it's difficult for me to live there because, you know, in Cape Town - Cape Town is a cosmopolitan city now. I mean, it has been cosmopolitan city for many, many years. Mogadishu has stopped being a cosmopolitan city. It was a cosmopolitan city many years ago - one of the most celebrated cosmopolitan cities. I can imagine living in Somalia, but it has - Somalia has to change. I have changed and therefore Somalia must change. And that would be the case if one, there was peace. Two, if I could live anonymously which is not possible all the time, but it could be. And then if there are book shops and cultural, you know, stuff that one can do and get involved in. There is no such thing now. Civil war dominates everything and one's everyday life in Somalia, which is quite tragic. Well, this is not the life I would like to live.","Nuruddin Farah. His new novel: \"Hiding In Plain Sight. \"","Thank you so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : In this context, \"My pleasure\" is a polite response to thank someone for the opportunity to speak or participate in something, and it does not convey an actual feeling of pleasure. Similarly, \"Thank you\" in this context is not an expression of gratitude, but rather a polite way to acknowledge the conversation or interaction coming to an end."} +{"dialogue":["OK. So in a statement, the police lieutenant said that the investigation showed that the only true victim in this was the unborn baby. Is it common to see prosecutions of women for the unintentional death of fetuses that they are carrying?","It's becoming more and more common since the late 1980s, early 1990s, when prosecutors began to charge women for crimes for using drugs during pregnancy. That has spread out to include prosecutions of women who commit all sorts of conduct during pregnancy that harms a fetus. It's included attempting suicide. It's included driving drunk. It's included botching self-induced abortions. And many of us are saying it's gotten to a point where pregnancy itself is being criminalized because so many things that someone does while pregnant can be the basis of a criminal prosecution.","I was just trying to understand, like, what is the legal theory here at work?Is it that women who are pregnant have a higher duty to care?","It's that argument, and it's also the argument that the fetus is equivalent of a child, and therefore, all the laws that protect a child from parental maltreatment would apply to a fetus as well. I should mention most of these cases involve mothers who fail to protect their children from harm, including, in many cases, mothers who are themselves victims of domestic violence and then get charged with crimes for failing to protect their already-born children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Pregnancy itself is being criminalized due to the broad scope of what actions can lead to a criminal prosecution"} +{"dialogue":["Again, going back to the example of Dayton, you said getting people together in one room did not work so well there.","Oh. You know, we had an opening banquet, which we had in this museum. I mean, it was an air museum, so, ironically, above the head of one the Serbs, we had a cruise missile, which had recently. . .","That was quite a coincidence. We didn't mean to do that. It had to do with the seating chart. But anyway, it all went very well and we saw that President Izetbegovic, the president of Bosnia, was talking to President Milosevic. So we thought, wow. This is going to be easier that we think, you know?Hold the food order. We think we can get out of here pretty quickly.","So the next day, we brought them all together, and they all screamed at each other so much so that I said to Holbrooke, we better not try this again. He said, you're not kidding. This could be the end of the whole conference. So we never did it again, until the very last day when we asked - when we had an agreement, and the three leaders of the three, what we called, warring factions, which a term they never liked, got together and actually initialed the Dayton Peace Accods."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Despite the seriousness of the situation, the placement of a cruise missile in the air museum at the opening banquet was an amusing coincidence."} +{"dialogue":["So a country that was bought by the United States 100 years ago - you're celebrating the centennial this year, and there are still so many other islands that are essentially controlled by European countries, as well - like the Netherlands, France and Britain - that were impacted by Irma. And we've seen a pattern in the response. How has the United States talked about it in your view?","The United States has talked about us as if we are effectively a colony, which is that we are secondary. We are perhaps secondary types of Americans. Now, we do carry American passports in the Virgin Islands, but we don't have federal representation.","We cannot vote for president for example. Our congresswoman, who - we vote for her - she cannot vote in Congress. So we really have no say. But I also think that this has to do with just the way that we are thought of in the national imagination as a place for a vacation and respite. And it's a beautiful place. The Virgin Islands is as beautiful as everybody says.","It is a gorgeous, pristine, absolutely divine place. However, it's a place where human beings also live. So, you know, when Americans travel to Europe, for example, they know that they're traveling to Europe to engage with the cultural history. When people travel to the Caribbean, they are often traveling to avoid the human beings and to just engage in the beauty of the space.","So they're in resorts. They're lying in the sun. They're drinking tropical, rum-infused drinks, but they're not necessarily there for the culture or to talk to the people who live there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The United States treats the Virgin Islands as a colony."} +{"dialogue":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The government is aware of the issues with state-owned enterprises and banks, but it will be difficult to make changes due to vested interests"} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. And there is a risk, from the government's point of view, that if they aren't seen to act, then the Bharatiya Janata Party, the BJP, which is a Hindu nationalist party which has been in power before, might appear to be a better option because it is tougher on this sort of subject.","Congress has not really got it together. They don't have a good national leader. And there isn't - the government isn't showing the drive and the command that the people are increasingly wanting.","John Elliott is a writer in Delhi, India. He writes for Fortune magazine, and he also keeps a blog called \"Riding the Elephant. \"Thank you, John.","Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people."} +{"dialogue":["Good to still be with you, Scott.","Got your Sharpie ready?","(Laughter).","Let me go on. Congress is coming back to a debate that has raged over firearms. There were a number of mass shootings, and it doesn't seem to have much impact on the debate, has it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : interviewer is asking if he is ready to start the interview again"} +{"dialogue":["I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know\u2026","Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.","And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about\u2026","That was danger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Season ticket holders may not be buying season tickets again this year."} +{"dialogue":["The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S. military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S. Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.","It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?","Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.","Were these celebrities in some cases?","Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The celebrities who joined the Rough Riders were from wealthy families"} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr. Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The incentives offered may not be the primary factor in Carrier's decision, indicating that other factors, such as good relations with the federal government, may be more influential."} +{"dialogue":["This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.","That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.","Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.","Hansi, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The hearing could have an impact on the Supreme Court ruling."} +{"dialogue":["I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic.","You know, to have gone through this once is bad enough. To be going through it a second time, I can't even imagine what that must have been like. As you were getting closer to having to make the decision to get up and get out, what went through your mind?","I immediately remembered what it was like three years ago, and I think that I was in sort of disbelief. I couldn't believe that I was going through it again. And I - the first thing I thought of was OK, what do I need to take with me that I want to see again?Because I immediately thought of what happened during Katrina and how, you know, it just caught us all off guard, and I just wanted to be prepared.","What did you take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : I learned from my past experience and prepared accordingly."} +{"dialogue":["Far be it for me to sort of put words in the first lady's mouth, but I think that what that shows to me anyway, as an observer, is that these dress codes are so ingrained that I would imagine for Melania potentially it just would not occur to her in a public appearance to not be wearing heels.","You know, I think certainly we see the same with the royal family in the U. K. , Kate Middleton coming out of the hospital each time after having her babies wearing these enormous heels. And, you know, womankind across the world, I think, was wincing looking at those photos, thinking, oh, God, that's the last thing you want to be wearing when you've just given birth.","And I do think that we tend to associate high heels with making an effort, with being appropriate and no more so than for these figures who are - have the eyes of the world on them.","Before we let you go, you know I'm going to ask you, what are you wearing now?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : High heels are associated with making an effort and being appropriate, especially for public figures"} +{"dialogue":["Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.","Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.","That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?","I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The situation is not necessarily an 'either\/or' between China and the United States."} +{"dialogue":["He says he's thrilled, but he doesn't want to celebrate too much because he worries about other academics who are having a tough time.","Mark Shaleki(ph) used to work in a recording studio owned by Capitol Records.","But as we all know, the music business was in a tailspin even before the recession hit.","So Mark opened his own studio. He charges his clients less, but he says he's making more money than he did working for the man.","Theresa Tomas was laid off at a bank. She was working for the man. She had been there for five years, and then she contacted a company that she had worked for back when she was in college."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The music business was losing a great deal of money with end in sight."} +{"dialogue":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S. Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The green berets are a military organization that wears green berets."} +{"dialogue":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The impact of the opioid crisis and other economic and social struggles in affected communities was underestimated in its effect on the election."} +{"dialogue":["About the South, I think what's missing is an attention to the ways that we have progressed but the paradox of that progress here for many folks. We're not getting to those deep structures because the South is so glittery now. We have Starbucks, and we have Whole Foods. And there are cranes in the sky, as Solange Knowles would say, all across the South. We're in the newest New South. There are lots of stories about growth and progress. But, again, at what cost?On whose backs?","And so about Memphis, I think what we miss is that because we have seemingly healed in the form of a museum, in the form of commemoration, in the form of reckoning with this assassination that we're on the upswing, that we're moving forward. But as I mentioned earlier, I feel that time has stood still and gone backwards and circled around us in a lot of ways here and that what gets missed is that there are people in the middle of this play of politics, in the middle of this history who are crushed but that still are striving in ways that are remarkable and beautiful. There is joy. There is dancing. There is singing. Sometimes, I hop into a church just to hear the sounds of joy that come out. And I think that gets lost in the way that we talk about the city in the national media.","Zandria Robinson is a sociology professor at Rhodes College and a Memphis native. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Memphis has a rich culture and community that is often overlooked in national media coverage."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.","Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.","People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.","All right. Farai, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : People were determined and enthusiastic despite the late hour and lack of parking."} +{"dialogue":["I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr. Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.","So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.","Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.","When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : When you read the social media post, what did you think?"} +{"dialogue":["Right.","Of course, the financial deregulation issue, whether or not - how much financial industry should be regulated is a big issue, but also, in California, you had a whole look and a proposition that passed that was about this kind of issue, about how densely animals should be kept together. But you mentioned reproductive freedom. What is the regulation change on that?","Sure. Well, the proposed rule would sort of - it has an effect on recipients of federal money and on, particularly, state-run hospitals and other institutions of that nature, and it gives a great degree of discretion to the folks that work in those facilities. And if they have a moral objection to administering contraceptives or birth control and performing abortions, then they are sort of allowed to cite their moral objection to that and not perform that work.","An interesting development on that rule that the Washington Post reported on earlier this week is that three officials from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have - that are actually appointed by President Bush have opposed that rule and have said that it would overturn civil rights law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The rule would allow healthcare workers to refuse certain services based on moral beliefs"} +{"dialogue":["And both the Republican, Mark Harris, and the Democrat, Dan McCready, have weighed in on these allegations. What have they said?","So McCready went first. He said on Thursday that Harris has bankrolled criminal activity. That's a reference to a Bladen County political operative who pushed people to vote absentee by mail and then allegedly illegally harvested their ballots.","Now wait. When you say harvested, that means, you know, picking them up, opening them and discarding the ones you don't want?","Well, not necessarily. It definitely means that he picked them up from voters, which is illegal in North Carolina. You know, in this state, once you - it's your mail ballot, and you're responsible for getting it to the mailbox or to the Board of Elections. So this operative kind of went and collected them. We don't know exactly what he did with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : McCready accused Harris of funding criminal activity through a political operative."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Well, I mean, as you said, Dorian was moving west across the Caribbean toward Puerto Rico. But as of this evening, Puerto Rico's main island has been spared a direct hit. The storm did pass over two small island municipalities off of Puerto Rico's eastern coast, Vieques and Culebra, and also caused widespread power outages in the U. S. Virgin Islands. Just a little while ago, the National Weather Service lifted its hurricane and tropical storm warnings for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. But as you mentioned, forecasters now say that Dorian is heading toward Florida and could be a dangerous Category 3 hurricane affecting that state by this weekend.","We said that you're in Puerto Rico's capital, San Juan. Can you just give us an idea of how things are looking there?","It's cloudy, a little rainy but mostly calm at this point. The streets are empty because, you know, schools and government offices closed, and most businesses closed today too. Some of the only people out on the streets are security guards. The plan was to have schools and government offices closed through tomorrow, but the governor has now reversed that decision because things seem to have been - are calm now and there's no longer a big risk here in Puerto Rico.","OK. So it sounds like Puerto Rico might have avoided the worst with this storm. But, you know, there are still two months left in the Atlantic hurricane season. It's been almost two years since Hurricane Maria. How prepared is Puerto Rico to handle another big storm, should one come?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Reporter is asking about current situation in San Juan, not just asking for an idea."} +{"dialogue":["So things like Hillary Clinton's speeches - the Goldman Sachs speeches - I think those do pass the public interest test. Even given the importance of those few newsworthy items, if you ask me, is the dumping of this much private information and this much internal conversation - the damage this does to our political system - is it worth a few news items if I had a binary choice - all of it or none of it?","I would say we haven't gained that much. But the ideal wouldn't be that binary choice. The ideal would be that such leaks and hacks would go to responsible journalists who would go through this and would identify what is actually in the public interest.","But these - this day and age - wouldn't people say the news organization is concealing information - that they want the chance to look at the original documents and decide for themselves?","I think, in this day and age, we really need to figure out when to hold back. In the past, news was driven by scarcity. There wasn't enough news. And you sent around journalists. And you said, let's find out what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination."} +{"dialogue":["Do you have to be a certain kind of person in order to do this and do it well and get satisfaction from it?","You know what?I don't think so. I think that it could just be anybody. Anybody that genuinely wants to - that inner feeling of just feeling complete and feeling loved, basically. When you feel the love with - inside, then ultimately, it's easier to kind of give to other people and to do this type of work, and I think it's a component that we're all built with.","You've done it for ten years, can you do it for ten more?","Absolutely. Absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : You have done this challenging job for 10 years so do you have the energy\/desire to do it for 10 more?"} +{"dialogue":["Right, so I would assume we'll continue seeing kind of similar-shaped tablets, you know, a large screen, maybe one to three buttons on the face. There hasn't been a lot of design innovation on the tablet front, which is kind of disappointing, but we probably will start seeing more innovative smartphone designs in the future.","Now, when we talked before, before the trial, the analysts were saying this is really not about Samsung, it's about Google and its Android operating system. That's the shot across the bow.","Right.","How will that affect Google?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Samsung is not the main target, Google is"} +{"dialogue":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr. Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr. Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) - Waiting a month or more is recommended for people over 65, not waiting until Halloween or Thanksgiving."} +{"dialogue":["What is your heritage?- if I may ask.","I'm Mexican. But I wrote the story for my daughter, who is half Puerto Rican, half Mexican.","And did you have something like a moon ceremony growing up or did you wish you had one?When - what was the inspiration here?","Well, the inspiration began when my own daughter started to ask about her period, about her changing body as she grew into adolescence. And I wanted to reframe the conversation. I wanted to tell a different story to her. You know, my - I never had a moon ceremony. I wanted to have a moon ceremony. But like many women - Mexican women, many Latinx women who enter their periods with a certain amount of shame and silence. And I didn't want that to happen for my daughter. I wanted her to be grounded in our spirituality, our connection to the moon. And so we actually did give my daughter a moon ceremony."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : I Want to Celebrate Moon Festival for My Daughter Cause of My Heritage"} +{"dialogue":["Thanks, Michel.","Now, you've been reporting along the border all day. What have you seen?","Well, I was at the actual border this morning. It's a river that divides Mexico and Guatemala. And there was no presence of authorities there. So there are these inflatable rafts that carry people and goods across the river, and they were traveling without a problem across the river. So I saw several groups of migrants cross this morning. But things change as you move north on highways here.","So I'm currently at a highway checkpoint. There's about a dozen Mexican migration officers, as well as Mexican Army and Mexican police. And they're stopping every van and bus that comes by here and checking it for undocumented migrants.","So tell us a little bit more, if you would, about what happens to travelers who arrive at those checkpoints."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Mexican officials are actively searching for undocumented migrants."} +{"dialogue":["That work by Nick Holonyak and colleagues went on to be the basis for just about every LED starting back - staring back at you, you know, those little red lights on the little devices?This was the first one. Nick also did pioneering work on other electronic devices, including lasers. And when the Applied - the journal of Applied Physics Letters drew up a list of the five most important papers it had published up to 2006, Nick's name was on two of them. And he's here to talk to us now.","Nick Holonyak is the John Bardeen Endowed Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. He joins us by phone. Welcome back to the program, Nick.","Thanks, Ira. You and I talked about this stuff in Washington when the MIT Lemelson Prize was given. Remember?And so this is our second contact, maybe more.","I'm hopeful we have a lot more to go, and I want you to - let's talk about this 50 - the anniversary."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The LED lights we see in daily devices originated from Nick's work"} +{"dialogue":["It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.","So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?","The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.","And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?","Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The justices will give their opinions on certain issues for the first time."} +{"dialogue":["I was actually wavering in the blocks. And I saw on the video that some sort of bad form. But they fired the gun and I took off and things were going OK. They weren't going great, my strides were a little bit off. But I never hit an off-leg on a hurdle. As I went around the second turn and came into the final 100 meters, I looked to my left and realized that I was right in the middle of the pack. And that really surprised me. And at that point, I figured as long as I finish, this is a success. And as I got to the very end, right before the finish line, I glanced up at the scoreboard which showed the clock running. And realized that I ended up with a pretty good time. And so I crossed the finish line. I beat my personal goal by two seconds and managed to beat one other runner in the race.","Well, that raises this question professor. You're - I mean, you're a teacher right?","Correct.","You have devoted your professional life to helping, encouraging, enriching the lives of youngsters, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) While the topic being discussed is \"big\" and \"bold,\" the implication is that the author's focus is on how individuals hurt each other on a day-to-day basis rather than just the headlines and news stories."} +{"dialogue":["Well, so certainly President-elect Trump has issued a few statements on cybersecurity, including a campaign platform. Those are pretty thin on details. And some of his statements - it's been difficult to understand whether or not he - how literally to take those particular recommendations. Of his national security hires that have been announced at this point, none are known for having particularly strong cybersecurity backgrounds. So as we see more and more people coming into the administration, we might be able to start getting a sense of what exactly this administration's cybersecurity policy might look like.","Surely when you become the administration, you have a vested interest in national cybersecurity that maybe you lacked before, don't you?","Absolutely. I think while many of his statements during the campaign did not necessarily evince well-developed policy thoughts - he's going to have to come up with more specific ideas. One thing that Donald Trump might run up against is the existence of current laws. So, for example, he's indicated a number of times that he intends to transfer a lot of the cybersecurity mission to the Department of Defense to come up with a plan for defending critical infrastructure. And there are potentially rather serious consequences to sort of the militarization of civilian cyber defense. I think that they might find themselves coming up against an existing framework that doesn't necessarily square with the broad instinct towards wanting to turn towards the military to solve this problem.","I thought the Obama administration was pretty clear in saying, after they asserted that Russian attempts to meddle in the elections had been ongoing, that the United States was going to reply in kind. Can we assume those efforts are going on now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : asking if the US is responding to Russia's attempts to meddle in the elections \"in kind\"."} +{"dialogue":["Hurricane Dorian, now a Category 4 storm, is stalled over the northern Bahamas. It's moving at just 1 mile an hour as it pulls away and begins a turn to the north toward the southeastern United States. Storm surges, estimated at 15 to 20 feet, are crashing onto Grand Bahama Island. Over the weekend, Dorian left thousands of people on Abaco Island to the east without roofs, transportation and communications. Lindsay Thompson is with the Bahamas National Emergency Management Agency. She did not have any immediate information on casualties.","Preliminary information indicates that there is extensive flooding. Of course, there will be infrastructural damage when you have that level of a storm - a hurricane - historic, as well - passing through an island, which is relatively flat, as well. There's a lot of sand dunes. And so there is a concern for us with excessive flooding.","What about injuries?","Well, we haven't had any reports of injuries. Not that there aren't any, but we just don't have any reports of injuries as yet, if there are any.","Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The storm caused significant damage and flooding, which was expected given the flat terrain of the islands."} +{"dialogue":["I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.","Well, Ron. Thanks so much.","My pleasure, Farai.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People make their own decisions when it comes to voting and are not influenced by the media as much as one might think."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, yes, they're going to do it, like, regional. You know, so that'll be able to reach more people throughout the country, which is good because not everyone can make it to D. C. And it doesn't start in D. C. It starts in every community where the blood flowed for our freedoms.","Well, Tim Chambers, thank you for stopping by and sharing a little bit of your story with us. Thank you.","My pleasure.","That's Marine Corps veteran Tim Chambers, also known as the Saluting Marine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Saluting Marine is a well-known figure among Marines."} +{"dialogue":["Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.","Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?","The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.","Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Certified teachers are not paid enough for their education and experience."} +{"dialogue":["Well, let me give you an example. I walked up to some lawmakers in the Great Hall of the People. And they confirmed to me unanimously that they were going to vote in favor of scrapping term limits. And one thing you hear from a lot of Chinese when you ask them is that they say, look. President Xi Jinping is doing a great job. He's getting China lots of respect on the world stage. He's cleaning up corruption at home. He ought to be given a chance to do more. And also, I think it helps to remember that in Chinese political culture, it's basically been the rule of man. And so people feel, let's get a good man, and let's not worry about, if we don't get a good man, what rules are we going to rely on to give him the boot?","You mentioned critics. And there are critics. What are they saying about this?","Well, you don't hear a lot of them because their views are often censored on the Internet. But I think it's safe to say that they feel very gloomy and pessimistic about the current situation. They look into the future - say 10, 15 or even more years - and they just don't see a lot hope for civil liberties, transparent and accountable government or robust civil society. And they just feel that this is a real historic step backwards into the bad, old days.","The bad, old days being China's monarchs of thousands of years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : 1: Chinese people prioritize having a good leader over having a leader who follows rules."} +{"dialogue":["That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.","And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The discussion on spanking raised concerns among listeners and caused shock among advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse."} +{"dialogue":["I know it does.","How you doing, Tony?","I'm doing great. Listen, you heard the conversation we just had with Dave Zirin about the intersection of sports and politics. Do you agree with the basic premise that it's an issue that is ongoing and ever changing?","Oh, yeah. Absolutely, you know, Dave makes great points. What I thought was very interesting, Tony, was before the Olympics, LeBron James was going to become very interested, you know, about slave trade, and slavery in Africa. And he was making some points, saying I really want to do this, I think I'm going to do it, I think I'm going to speak out, and by the time they got to the Olympics, Tony, they had sat on LeBron. And suddenly he had changed his tune, he was well, this is nothing but sports, and we just want to keep it to sports. And to me, once again, it reinforces this whole idea of here you've got this team of multi-millionaires led by LeBron and Kobe, and these guys basically were intimidated. They were intimidated into not saying anything. So yeah, sports is very political by definition, and by the absence of it. It's just a phenomenal contradiction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"I'm doing great\" is just a response to the question in order to lead into the conversation. Tony appears by the conversation to be a bit upset or excited"} +{"dialogue":["So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.","One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?","Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.","Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe."} +{"dialogue":["OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?","So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.","But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.","So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The inverted yield curve is a bad sign for the economy."} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter) You know, initially, these started as two separate essays - an essay about pregnancy and an essay about my eating disorder that I had been trying to write for 15 years. And, you know, on one level, there was, you know, a very physical experience of stepping on the scale at my doctor's office and thinking, oh, this is the first time I've wanted the scale to read higher, and remembering back to this secret scale in my closet in college and how I would go in obsessively and religiously and just want the number to be lower and lower and thinking, what's the difference between that self then and this self now?","But it was also important to say, I think we can get really attached to these conversion narratives of self to say, I was this way back then, and I've gone 180 degrees, and I'm a totally different self now; I've left that old self behind. But I don't think that's how it works. I don't think we leave our old selves behind. I think we have to reckon with them. And this essay is also me reckoning with the ways that I've changed and with the ways that the ghosts of the old selves and the old fixations are still there, too.","Leslie Jamison, thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much for your questions and for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They would go in every day without fail to weigh themself."} +{"dialogue":["The attitude of the West and of Russia towards a crisis like Ukraine is diametrically different. The West is trying to establish the legality of any established border. For Russia, Ukraine is part of the Russian patrimony. A Russian state was created around Kiev about 1,200 years ago. Ukraine itself has been part of Russia for 500 years, and I would say most Russians consider it of Russian patrimony. The ideal solution would be to have a Ukraine like Finland or Austria that can be a bridge between these two rather than an outpost.","Mr. Kissinger, every time we interview you, we hear from people who object, who say they have no interest in your opinion because of your role during the war in Vietnam, especially the bombing of Cambodia and Laos. How do you answer that?","They should study what is going on. I think we would find, if you study the conduct of guerilla-type wars, that the Obama Administration has hit more targets on a broader scale than the Nixon Administration ever did.","Is there not, though, a difference between a drone attack and carpet bombing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with the availability of dementia-related information."} +{"dialogue":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The discussion about climate change is not only limited to public discourse, but it is also a significant topic in political discourse, including presidential, Senate, and congressional races."} +{"dialogue":["The whistleblower still has not met with lawmakers or staff from those committees. The whistleblower's lawyers had been waiting for interim security clearances from the government so that they can accompany their client in any interviews or meetings with Congress. I'm told that those interim security clearances have come through, that they came through and took effect today, so that's a step forward. A source tells me that talks on setting up meetings with congressional committees are still taking place at this point, and there is no date set as of yet.","Another front to ask you about, Ryan, which is - three House committees today subpoenaed the Pentagon and the White House budget office. Do we know what they were subpoenaing, what they want?","Well, the House Intelligence, the House Oversight and the House Foreign Affairs Committees have been busy in the past week or so issuing subpoenas, all as part of this impeachment inquiry. They've already subpoenaed the White House and the State Department, as well as President Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's not a front, but a different part of the government that is being asked about."} +{"dialogue":["In fact, he gets a little envious - doesn't he?- of seeing the closeness between the man and the wife as he's giving them the news.","He watches the man cry over her bed. And all he could think is that he, Toby, never wanted a spectacular marriage. He just wanted a regular one, and he feels that he's been deprived of that by the fact that his plan for his life, which - when he got married in his 20s - it just didn't work out.","You wrote an essay, recently. You had a revelation that your parents' divorce might have been the creative spark in writing this novel. How did that happen?","Well, you know, I thought that I was being a good cultural reporter by noticing the friends of mine who were coming to me and telling me that they were getting divorced, had this whole new way of dating, that they - you know, when my mother got divorced in her early 40s, you know, she felt so old. And here they were showing me how much life they had in them left. And I thought I was doing the kind of responsible journalist thing, which is writing about the cultural moment. And, along the way, people would ask me questions. They would say, why are you writing a divorce book?And I thought, well, no. I'm writing a book about marriage. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The parents' divorce might have been what gave the author the inspiration to create a story."} +{"dialogue":["Claire Messud's \"The Burning Girl\" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.","\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The strong bond between Cassie and Julia is both powerful and fragile."} +{"dialogue":["Finally, the Senate Judiciary Committee is expected to vote next week on the Brett Kavanaugh nomination to the Supreme Court. There were grave charges this week that surfaced, alleging that Brett Kavanaugh committed a sexual assault during high school. What do we know about this?","According to The New Yorker, a woman who knew Kavanaugh in high school notified her congresswoman, and also Senator Dianne Feinstein, that at a party back in the early '80s, Kavanaugh had held her down and tried to force himself on her. Now Kavanaugh emphatically denies that, and Feinstein didn't bring this up during the confirmation hearings.","The White House suggests this is an eleventh-hour stalling tactic. And yesterday, Chuck Grassley, the Republican chairman of the Judiciary Committee, released a letter signed by 65 women who say they knew Kavanaugh in high school and testifying to his good character.","NPR's Scott Horsley, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Feinstein didn't bring up the sexual assault allegations during the confirmation hearings, possibly to use it as a stalling tactic."} +{"dialogue":["The bottleneck. That's this place where this column of ice fell. It tore away lines, fixed ropes that people used to get up and down there. This is a narrow passageway. So you were almost there. And how far is that from the peak of the mountain?","Quite a ways. But, of course, climbing times vary based on people's physical fitness and mental alertness at that altitude, as there's very little oxygen.","At the point where you decided to turn around, just below the bottleneck, the place that later became such a problem, how late in the day was that, and what were the weather conditions like there?","I decided to turn around at around eight o'clock in the morning. And it was - there, it was actually almost too hot. We normally (unintelligible) down suits because the temperature is around minus 20, even on a perfect day. But we were all quite warm."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The bottleneck is a dangerous area and caused problems for climbers."} +{"dialogue":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr. Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Vic has lost control over eating in the past."} +{"dialogue":["So you have worked directly with children at the Homestead Shelter in South Florida. Can you take us through one case, one specific type service that you provide now that you wouldn't be able to if and when these cuts go forward?","Generally we provide a Know-Your-Rights presentation to every single child that is detained in an ORR facility in South Florida. Next we provide a one-on-one legal screening with every single child that is in one of these shelters. That legal screening has two purposes. One is to let us know, is this an emergency?Do we need to file this child's case right away?Or are they eligible for relief and are going to be released to another location?If they're eligible for relief and going to be released elsewhere, we will work our butts off to try to find them a lawyer wherever they are released to.","What would it look like for a kid without a lawyer, without this type of legal aid that you're describing?","I mean, you can only imagine. There's no way that any child would be able to navigate this system alone. You know, no child is going to be able to represent themselves in court. And, you know, we see that already with unrepresented children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Unrepresented children are at a disadvantage in court."} +{"dialogue":["OK. So it's clear that this poll is showing there is broad support out there for at least some changes. So how much guidance should Congress take from a poll like this to do something?","Well, you know, whether Congress will do anything actually is very much up in the air. And there's a real sense of urgency for Congress to act, especially among Democrats and some Republicans, after this summer because we saw so many mass shootings. . .","Right.",". . . I mean - Dayton, El Paso, Odessa, Texas. But here's the thing. This all comes down to President Trump. Congressional Republicans are not going to take a risk passing anything that could be seen by groups like the NRA as anti-gun, unless President Trump comes out and gives them political cover, which he hasn't yet. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is not exactly going to bring anything to the floor unless he knows that President Trump is definitely going to sign this. And it's kind of risky of a move for Republicans if they don't come out for these things because, you know, the NRA was outspent for the first time in 2018 by groups that want to see these restrictions in place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : congress is uncertain, often because other matters have to be decided"} +{"dialogue":["Well, to me, in my personal opinion, all superhero comics are somewhat escapist. The modern stuff is a little more based in reality, a little more about personal narratives. Just the fact that he's into superhero comics as opposed to, you know, Robert Crumb or somebody, that says something. He's not into the subculture.","Yeah, he's not into the really out there stuff.","Right.","Spider Man, though, I mean, he's an outlier, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Spider Man is different from other superheroes in some way."} +{"dialogue":["One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave.","He - yeah. Well, 'cause he's paralyzed by this idea of who this woman is even though he never actually talks to her. But - so I had the idea to write this fake missed connection and just post it anonymously on Craigslist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The man never talks to the woman he likes for 60 years."} +{"dialogue":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The church should clean up its own act before telling others what to do."} +{"dialogue":["He was very cordial. He shook my hand. He gave me the Klan handshake. He didn't know that I knew it was the Klan handshake, but he did give it to me. If you shake a person's hand and you extend your index and middle finger along their wrist - and as you pumping their hand, you start pressing your fingers in their wrist area. It's the Klan handshake.","The question that you wind up wrestling with, I think at the end of the book, is - well, let me put it this way - that the Klan and David Duke specifically are hateful and jerks is beyond dispute. You don't wind up with a lot of regard for their intelligence, which raises the question, how dangerous are they?","Very. When I say they are not the brightest, they were not the brightest light bulbs in the socket. The people I was dealing with were not. David Duke, in spite of his having - at that time, he had a master's degree in political science from Louisiana State University. I merely had a high school education and about 12 hours of college credit. So the very fact that he was being conned by somebody with a lower degree of education than him, I'll admit, I got a particular thrill out of that. But let nobody who reads my book think that these people because they weren't the brightest light bulbs in the socket were not and are not dangerous. They were very serious.","What do you think you learned about the KKK and racism and bigotry during those months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person who shook my hand is a member of the KKK"} +{"dialogue":["So first, he doesn't read French. And I was very scared. I have to tell you. The man, as you know, is very rich. And he's super well-known. And he cares about his image. And he has - you know, he can hire very good lawyers.","(Laughter).","And I was very, very scared because I wrote about his thoughts. I wrote about his sentimental life, about his sex life. You know, I'm - here I am, a woman, a heterosexual French woman, writing about a British gay artist. How do I dare?I was very, very scared - my husband, too. He thought, you know, there would be a. . .","(Laughter) You'd be bankrupt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : She was not actually scared but was worried about doing a good job."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. I've had a wonderful experience getting to really collect a lot of the thoughts from this experience and interview a lot of my fellow soldiers and officers and found that I really enjoy collecting those interviews and collecting everyone's thoughts for pieces and putting them down into writing, and so I'd love to be able to continue that.","And I think it's a really interesting time in journalism. It's a tough time right now because we're sort of moving from the idea of print journalism and subscriptions into a lot of online readership. But from what I've read, readership online and viewership online is really skyrocketing. So now, you can get those stories out to a much larger audience, which I think will be a great and beneficial aspect in the next couple decades.","Yeah. Is there any area you want to focus on when you get back?Any particular subject matter?","Honestly, much to my mother's chagrin, I think I would like to come back to the Middle East and continue to cover a lot of the developments here, maybe Afghanistan, continue to cover a lot of our diplomatic efforts abroad."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The shift from print to online journalism will benefit the industry"} +{"dialogue":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Some women joined the force due to domestic violence"} +{"dialogue":["Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.","Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.","And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.","Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The brain is capable of adjusting to normalcy after experiencing an unusual situation."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it did. And when I left, I was so angry at them because I didn't understand. And it wasn't until many years later for me to be able to see where they're coming from.","(Singing) Times have really, really changed, changed.","It feels like the song \"Rebel\" is a little bit about you, too.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The times have changed a lot in society and it is noticeable."} +{"dialogue":["What can Americans learn from 18 years of war?That's what the U. S. has faced since the 9\/11 attacks in 2001. James Mattis was in position to learn. The Marine veteran served in Afghanistan and Iraq and was defense secretary under President Trump until he resigned. Mattis has a memoir - \"Call Sign Chaos. \"He avoids direct criticism of the president. When we spoke yesterday, we asked if the president thinks long term, and Mattis said only that people around him do. The general describes his own detailed planning. Before leading a force into Iraq in 2003, he read thousands of years of history of Alexander the Great and others who invaded that region before him.","What could a multi-thousand-year-old battle teach you that would be relevant in the 21st century?","Well, there's enduring aspects of leadership, and plus geography doesn't change. And so when you read about the challenges they faced, it gets you thinking about your own. I knew we were going to be operating very deep inside the Middle East, and I had to decide what was the right manner in which I wanted the troops to go in. So I used words from antiquity. From a Roman general, I used no better friend, no worse enemy. We were going in to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam. We were not going in to dominate them. I didn't want triumphalism. I wanted to go in with a sense of first do no harm.","So you read thousands of pages and then tried to boil it down to a few phrases, or in some cases even a word, that you could pass on to thousands of people."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The roman general he used was not someone he knew, but they were helpful in good and bad ways."} +{"dialogue":["And so the children - we have 9,000 children in freedom schools around the country, but many of them are going to go out tomorrow, including Washington, D. C. and then their state capitals and go see their senators and congressmen and say it is time to cover every child. Not some. God did not make two classes of children.","Tell me about tomorrow's day of social action. What specifically is it going to look like and where is it going to be?","Tomorrow is a civic participation day, they will be going to see their senators and congressmen and others. March into their offices and saying that it is time for every child to have healthcare. All should have the same benefits. All should be able be born with good healthcare.","They are going to tell them how upset they are that children died last year from dental abscesses that just didn't get treatment because children fell through the bureaucratic cracks. And while all of us at the Children's Defense Fund want universal coverage for everybody in America, which is long overdue, children can't wait while we debate for another two, three, four, five, 10 years, for universal coverage for everybody. And so next year they're going to be considering again the funding for the Child Health Insurance Program, but we want to make sure that any consideration of that program will say we're going to cover every child. Right now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The civic participation day involves marching to senators' offices and demanding that every child should have access to healthcare, regardless of class or social status."} +{"dialogue":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Implies a question as to whether the idea presented is correct."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Compressed natural gas is a cleaner fuel option compared to regular gasoline."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it definitely leaves him - I'd say in the immediate sense, it leaves him with a very tarnished reputation. I mean, this is somebody who appeared on the scene in 2015, taking up one file after another, everything from military to economy to oil policy. I mean, he's really collected everything.","He had charmed a lot of people in the United States as somebody who was finally going to change this kingdom from its strict Islamic way of doing things. And this has really taken a lot of the shine off. I think a lot of people have really sort of wondered, you know, is this somebody who's actually - has good enough judgment to wield the kind of power that he's wielding inside this incredibly important country in the Middle East?","Yeah. Well, looking at that, I mean, we are seeing increasingly strident rhetoric coming from Washington on the war in Yemen. The crown prince is very, very involved in that war. What's going on?","When his father became king in 2015, he was soon named defense minister, and the war started right after that. So this has been his war from the beginning. And it's really just been a disaster throughout. I mean, at the beginning, he and other Saudi officials were telling their American counterparts this was only going to last a few weeks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation."} +{"dialogue":["It goes into the ecosystem, and it will be assimilated most likely based on past history. What is actually overflows is more dilute than what it would have been without the rain. And then with everything else that's coming down the river, it will get assimilated into the ecosystem one way or another. In a case like this where there's the major flooding, most of the nutrients are going to get carried on out into the ocean.","Why in this day and age are there still hog lagoons and we haven't come up with a better way?","There are better ways. It's just that they're expensive ways. And from a farming standpoint, the margins are typically slim. And so it's just - there's - lagoons are still an effective method for waste treatment and fairly resilient. You know, some of the new systems that have been evaluated were highly mechanical systems, high energy requirements. And so, you know, during a storm event or where there's electricity is off for several days, those systems aren't going to work at all. And so you're still going to have a potential for release of wastewater.","Yeah. Mr. Rice, I found myself very affected this week to read that amidst all the devastation and suffering of many people through Hurricane Florence, according to reports, about 5,500 pigs died during the storm."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The overflow will not cause harm to the ecosystem."} +{"dialogue":["They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.","They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.","So what can be done about this opponent?","We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The opponent is a strong and worthy adversary."} +{"dialogue":["And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?","You know, it really depends on where you're situated and how you're situated. And a lot of Syrians are now outside of Syria. I, myself, haven't been back since 2013.","I think people right now are in a place of absolute exhaustion, whether they're, you know, see themselves as amongst the victors or not. It took an incredible toll. And the death and the destruction, as you've noted, is incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there."} +{"dialogue":["I think it's very important for people to unplug. Setting aside the whole question and dangers of addiction, let's assume you're not somebody who is addicted, but you are still constantly plugged in. The downsides are likely to be, first of all, no time to think, no time to just reflect on what you feel, what you think, what you've been experiencing. And wisdom really comes to us through the process of reflecting on our experience and our feelings and thoughts. So, I think people are in danger of not being able to become wise if they don't take time to think.","Plus there is this huge factor of engagement with other people. We are we're social animals. We need to be connected. There's something called limbic resonance, which is kind of an energetic resonance that gets set up between two people when they are engaged in a positive and constructive way with each other and they are able to develop the relationship. And we know that when people do not have enough of that engagement with each other, they suffer depression and they suffer in other ways. So, getting unplugged allows you to get reengaged with real people in your life that matter to you.","Let's talk a little bit about how online addiction can work in tandem with other addictions. I'm thinking about gambling. There's now all sorts of online gambling. There's also pornography.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise"} +{"dialogue":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Small banks were unable to compete with big mortgage companies in the subprime mortgage game, but now slow and steady feels good."} +{"dialogue":["That's right. And the U. S. scientists had been very disappointed in the '58 Brussels fair because they felt the Russians had outshone us in terms of science. And they said we need to do something. And the Seattle guys came along and said, we want to do a fair. You want a science fair. That's what this will be about. The Space Needle was designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world.","When they broke ground on the Space Needle, it was literally the same time that the Berlin Wall was being built. And it became this kind of symbol about the difference between us and the Soviets. They were putting up barbwire. We were putting up a vista to the world.","Talking with Knute Berger on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here at - in Seattle at the Pacific Science Center right next to the Space Needle. If it were to be built today, would anything be built differently about it, structurally or design-wise or is it almost a perfect needle?","You know, I asked the engineer who's still alive who worked on it. I asked him that exact question. I said what would you today?And he said, basically, we wouldn't anything different. He said we could take some of the weight out of it. They overbuilt it. He. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They felt the Russians had done a great deal better than they had. The Seattle guys contacted them about doing a fair. The Space Needle is a large tower with a pointed end at the top."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Katie Couric is set to interview Sarah Palin, so we're taking folks' questions. We want to know what they think Katie Couric should ask. We've got video interviews with singer Eric Benet and Glynn Turman who won an Emmy over the weekend.","He did.","Yeah, we're going to revisit that video. And we have more video interviews coming up with the cast of Spike Lee's \"Miracle at St. Anna. \"","Oh, sounds like some good stuff."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People are being asked to suggest questions for Katie Couric's interview with Sarah Palin."} +{"dialogue":["Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.","It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?","I think an afro should be included too because there's an entire community of people - black, Afro-Latinx, diasporic. We were just talking about the do for others. It's a lot of people that have hair that grows up, forward and spherically and, you know, defies gravity. And there's been - and there's just been a big dearth and lack of representation of natural hair and Afro hair in the media. And I think the lack of Afro hair in our keyboards is a subtle but constant reminder of that. You know, we're a world that interacts largely in digital spaces. And emoji are this universal language of self-expression and kind of the closest way to, really, inject our personality into our conversations. And the fact that a very large community and culture of people has no reflection of themselves in those conversations is something that I'm trying to change.","Describe the emoji for us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's not a pleasure but the person is just being polite during the interview."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The underground railroad for North Korean refugees is similar to that of the escaped slaves in the past."} +{"dialogue":["I think the best example I can give is Nelson Mandela, who's paid more of a price, who sacrificed more, he won, and then at a point, he says, now it is time for me to go on. He, if anyone, earned the right to say I am going to sit here and be the president of South Africa till I die. He said no, I've served my time. The fact that I spent 27 years in jail notwithstanding, I'm going to move on, and I think that that is why everyone respected him as a great man, because he did not put his own vanity above the cause.","Reverend Sharpton, great to talk to you.","Thank you, have a great day.","Reverend Al Sharpton is a civil rights activist and host of the syndicated radio talk show Keeping it Real. He is also the President of the National Action Network."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch"} +{"dialogue":["Teenagers can seem sullen, moody and uncommunicative - unless you know how to listen to them. James Harbeck does. He's an editor and linguist in Canada who's analyzed sounds that can be distinctly annoying to adults. James Harbeck joins us from the studios of the CBC in Toronto. Thanks so much for being with us.","Hi. Nice to be here.","First, what made you devote any scholarship to this?","I wouldn't say that this is a grand scholarly work, exactly. It's more just an application of undergraduate-level phonetics to things that I hear on the bus on the way home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : is asking James Harbeck why he chose this particular topic to research."} +{"dialogue":["Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself.","And to hear the president - last week he tweeted something that would make it seem as though he thinks that tariffs may be good on their own. He says that the U. S. is under no pressure to make a deal with China. China is under pressure to make a deal with us. Quote, \"Our markets are surging. Theirs are collapsing. We will soon be taking in billions in tariffs and making products at home. If we meet, we meet. \"","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith. Thank you so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Screws are not tightened but pressure is being applied to China regarding tariffs."} +{"dialogue":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Joi Ito received money from Jeffrey Epstein, leading to his resignation from the Media Lab."} +{"dialogue":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Chinese economy is not balanced and requires serious changes"} +{"dialogue":["And taking off on those trade negotiations, this week's economic news was mixed. Economists, as they usually are, are divided about what might be ahead. But it's fair to say that they threw up some cautionary signals, didn't they?","You know, Saturday morning is probably not the best time to talk inverted yield curves, Scott. But. . .","That's why we're here, Ron.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The economists spoke up and said that people should take caution in their finances."} +{"dialogue":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S. Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They had a large amount of weapons from the United States."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Didn't make millions. I know he made a lot - who ran Bernie Sanders' campaign.","Yeah, I think it's a question of, you know, does money tempt you to do things that you might not otherwise do?","Well, you've been there. What do you say?","I like to think that you need to stay grounded, right?You need to stay grounded. You need to say to yourself, am I doing what matters to the country and our future?Or am I just thinking about just pure self-interest, the amount of money that I can amass for myself and my family?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : One should prioritize the country's future over personal gain."} +{"dialogue":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The poet's work has been preserved in a special place in California."} +{"dialogue":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Raising gas prices by a large margin is unfair and not reasonable."} +{"dialogue":["I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.","Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N. high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.","As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N. report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N. has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.","That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Maduro government's release of prisoners is an attempt to improve its image"} +{"dialogue":["You can point to the same thing in income, in housing, across the board. And if we're not investing very specifically to deal with that, we can continue to expect to see these inequalities to persist.","You are also arguing for a constitutional amendment that would ban the death penalty.","That's right.","Why is this part of a plan to empower black America?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : why this part is used to empower black america"} +{"dialogue":["When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?","That's certainly my fear, and that was why this was so important to get passed before we adjourned. And, you know, ultimately, I've been working on this issue my entire adult life.","And I used to say, if Roe falls. And for the last year, I've been saying, when Roe falls. And it, frankly, still feels like a gut-punch every time I say it. But I think that there has been this very strategic and determined process by the other side to get cases into the pipeline that will ultimately lead to Roe falling.","Do you think that Democrats and people who support abortion rights have been outmaneuvered?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is not a firewall but a law that protects the state from others."} +{"dialogue":["A lot of destruction, complete devastation - the poultry barns, for example, some of those barns are completely gone. Where the hardest wind gusts hit, it was like Godzilla came and just pulled everything up from the ground. With the banana plantations, you know, you can see when the weakest palm trees fell and broke - when they started feeling the winds because they're leaning one way. And then when the hurricane changed direction, then you see the other one's going to the other side and broken. So you can see the power (laughter) that the hurricane had.","What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Some crop growers are able to resume operations sooner than others depending on the crop type."} +{"dialogue":["If that works for them - you know, Rick Barry obviously had a lot of success with that.","Yeah.","But it's definitely, I think, probably more difficult. But if you can master that, then do what you please. But it's definitely been easy for me shooting overhand.","Yeah. You do have two more years to break your own record, you know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Shooting overhand is easier for me than underhand."} +{"dialogue":["It's definitely been a massive industry for Georgia in the last 10 years because about a decade ago is when they instituted these new, very generous, lucrative tax incentives which gives productions up to 30% back depending on how much they spend and whether they're willing to put a Georgia peach logo in their credits and that sort of thing. But it's really significant money back for these major studios in Hollywood.","And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The tax incentives have made Georgia a popular location for filming."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.","He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called \"The Feminine One. \"And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.","Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?","Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something."} +{"dialogue":["It sounds good. But obviously, I just think it's important to point out, like, do not put your raw stuff. . .","Definitely.",". . . In the same container, if I could say that, like, super-loud.","When you marinate after grilling, you actually make a marinade that doesn't touch any of the raw fish or meat.","Got it. OK. What about people who don't eat meat?There are a lot of people who really are trying to move more toward a plant-based diet. How do you manage that on the grill if you have limited grill space?Because, I mean, it depends on why you're not eating meat. I mean, if you're not eating meat because you have strong ideological reasons, you don't necessarily want that touching. How could you manage that?And what are some things that you should consider for the non-meat eaters?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It's important to emphasize not to put raw food in the same container"} +{"dialogue":["That's essentially what it is, except the other person will never know that you put their name down unless they also put your name down.","OK.","I mean, I make fun of it. I'm probably still going to use it, right?OK (laughter)?","So - well, to that end, though, what kind of feedback are you hearing about this so far from the other countries where it rolled out?And I know it just started here, but - so what are you hearing so far?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person wants to know what other countries thought about it once it started."} +{"dialogue":["Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?","I think it casts a huge shadow over the White House. I think it's very serious. I want Congress to conduct full oversight on it. And I think we need to look at it. I think Congress and I think Republicans and Democrats have a duty, no matter who's in the White House, to ask tough questions, and the president can push back when they think they overreach.","Finally, with the president calling this a hoax and a scam, do you think that is wise?","Well, I - you know, I'm not going to comment on every description the president. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public."} +{"dialogue":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Hurry up and get started on the task."} +{"dialogue":["So do you think this would leave us in a better or worse position after these talks?I mean, it's a question whether or not this will actually go anywhere.","Well, it's - I mean, there's always a possibility that you would have the division laid out and follow-up meetings that strengthen that effort, and it goes somewhere productive. And that's what we all hope for. We'd like to see a denuclearized Korean peninsula. But I suspect it will be more of a pronouncement in which the two countries express interest in that direction. And then the details will get bogged down.","Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Take care now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The talks don't move, but they would cause people to have more talks that could cause events to happen."} +{"dialogue":["I was just going to say, would this result, from their point of view, represented defeat?","Definitely. I mean, definitely that they are in a - they lost some seats, first of all, a couple seats. But also, I think, they are definitely concerned about the rise of Yair Lapid with this issue and Netanyahu's agreement to tackle this issue. Netanyahu had actually agreed last year to take on this issue. He - you'll might remember that he formed a larger coalition with the Kadima party, which at that time was very large, and the promise was that they were going to address the draft issue. And they spent about 70 days in this coalition supposedly working on it but it blew up because Netanyahu would not push it with the ultraorthodox. And so the coalition - that coalition fell apart or the Kadima left.","And now, it - he seems to say he's going to do it now. He talks - talked today about the draft as - or the sharing the burden is kind of the terminology here that (unintelligible) of election, share the burden. He mentioned that as one of three principles on what the new coalition will be formed.","And this is also partly in response to rulings from the Israeli courts."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition."} +{"dialogue":["No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?","It's just talk. It's impossible. Do you remember the Eagles?This one I'm not getting that wrong because the Eagles is as important - \"Hotel California. \"","Sure.","You can always check out, but you can never leave. That's it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Italy leaving the eurozone is not a realistic possibility"} +{"dialogue":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK. And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Senator Obama is leaving the Senate to become president"} +{"dialogue":["Well, as you might imagine, there are a variety of courses of action that the Department of Defense, specifically the commanders in Central Command, have provided to the president and the National Security staff. And they will take a look at those and put those in context vis-a-vis the diplomatic and political actions that are also occurring as this is going on and determine one or another. And they run the entire gamut from, you know, a non-lethal response to more lethal actions. . .","To forceful military response, right.","Yeah, taking out the service to air missile systems that are in the vicinity. Some of. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There are multiple options for military action, and the president will choose one after considering diplomatic and political actions."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?","I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .","Flooded the engine, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is unexpected for a country with low crime rate to experience such a violent crime"} +{"dialogue":["What's your greatest regret?","Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.","But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They will wonder about this at various times for the rest of their life."} +{"dialogue":["I will walk down the red carpet, yes, yes.","Oh, man, that's exciting, huh?Tell us what it was like when you found out, and tell us you found that you had been nominated for Grammy Award, your first.","Well, it's a pretty funny story, because since I'm an indie artist and this is my first foray into the industry, let alone this part of it, I wasn't really expecting anything and I didn't even know when the Grammys were being announced. That's how far off I was. And I was sitting at home in my jammies, actually, watching \"Top Chef. \"I might have been watching even watching it on TV, I don't know, but the phone rang and it was my producer, who also co-writes my songs with me. And he said, um, I think you've been nominated for Grammy. I was like, shut up.","I was, like - I didn't even know I've been submitted. Like, nobody told me that I had been submitted. I just wasn't even thinking about it. So, it was really crazy. It took a couple of hours, actually, for me to believe him. Like, I actually hung up on him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : When this person says \"shut up\" they are expressing surprise and happiness, not hostility. "} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C. via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries."} +{"dialogue":["Sure.",". . . Had Don Blankenship prevailed.","Well, they're all tough. I say you run scared or unopposed. They're all tough. But you're right. This will be a tough race.","Yeah. Have your calculations about how to run the race changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The person campaigned without opposition and was scared while doing so."} +{"dialogue":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The parents and coaches involved in the scheme are facing legal consequences."} +{"dialogue":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Manaf Tlass decided not to support his father's regime"} +{"dialogue":["I think that's true.","Yeah. I mean, what do you see in your practice, in your work?Since you are counseling people, do you see people who have kind of, like, these cross addictions that intersect with the technology?","Yeah. We have an outpatient program called No More Secrets, which is for sex addicts, and these sex addicts all are using the Internet to play out their addiction. And there are many people who are really joining their ranks just because of the availability now of pornography through, you know, their online connection.","So, I think it's - I think more people are getting hooked on activities that they might avoid if it was not so accessible. And gambling certainly is part of it, the chatting, video gaming, pornography, all of these things that are - online shopping would be another one. These things are made so easy by the availability, accessibility, anonymity of the experience, that I think more and more people are drawn in, and people who might not be drawn in to overindulging, if it were not for the Internet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The availability of technology is causing more people to become addicted to activities they might avoid."} +{"dialogue":["There's no simple answer to that. What will happen, some of our experiments will be back up and running within two or three weeks. Some of the most complex genetic processes will probably take over a year to get back together. And, you know, disruptions like this push us to think hard about what we want to do and where we want to go.","So I think even though I wouldn't have chosen this - and it really is tremendously sad to have lost our partners in these mice - it's going to push us to think about some new directions which we might not have tried had this not happened. So there is a bit of a silver lining to that.","I wonder if your colleagues are as cheery about this, or at least as optimistic about it as you are.","You know, I've really been impressed and really hardened by the way everyone around me at NYU and people all over the world - I was talking to Ben Crowley(ph) of the New York Times, and I mentioned that I had gotten some 40-odd emails. That's doubled since then. And these are individuals who are offering to give me my own lines back, give me their own lines, to help me with space and resources, to literally take over my experiments until we get back on our feet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead"} +{"dialogue":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Extreme cold can kill hardy olive trees in just a few hours."} +{"dialogue":["Well, right. And no U. S. commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it.","Just a little bit more detail, if you would, on this. . .","Sure.",". . . Specific drone - we're told it was an RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance drone. Do you have any sense of how many of those are out flying over the region, how widely used they are?What intel are they collecting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances"} +{"dialogue":["And it's not just the president who's criticizing him. He's facing a lot of pressure from Republicans on the Hill, as well. Is that right?","That's very much so. McCabe was dragged up to Capitol Hill twice last week. He spent around eight hours testifying behind closed doors for the House Intelligence Committee. That was about Russia. And he spent a little more than eight hours with the House Oversight and House Judiciary Committees a few days later talking about the Clinton matter.","Now, there's one thing in particular that Republicans want to talk to McCabe about, and that's a senior FBI agent by the name of Peter Strzok, who's been in the news a lot. He worked on both the Mueller probe and the Clinton investigation, and he sent highly charged, politically charged text messages about Trump. Now, Strzok was removed from the Russia investigation, but those text messages have given Republicans a lot of ammunition for their allegations of political bias.","With about 30 seconds left, what sort of effect does all of this criticism from the president, from Republicans on the Hill have on the FBI?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : McCabe faced intense questioning and scrutiny by Republicans."} +{"dialogue":["Well, this administration - officials from this administration have offered very strongly worded commitments to implement - reimplement - sanctions lifted under the Iran nuclear accord and add on more sanctions on non-nuclear areas pursuant to their concerns about ballistic missiles and terrorism.","Would the effect of unilateral sanctions, as you see it, be enough to force Tehran to decide, no, we want to stay in the agreement and maybe even make one that the U. S. will accept?","Well, that depends on how other countries respond to the U. S. imposition and reimposition of these nuclear sanctions. Will the international community join the United States?Will they stand back and not directly challenge the United States?I think what Tehran will respond to most is what the Europeans in particular do to challenge the United States and its reimposition of sanctions or not.","And based on your experience, Ms. Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K. and Germany want to be different than U. S. policy in this regard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Unilateral sanctions might force Tehran to reconsider their decision to stay in the agreement"} +{"dialogue":["And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.","Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr. to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.","Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.","I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.","You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - \"Respect Yourself. \"","It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) - \"It was devastating, just absolutely devastating.\" suggests that the event caused immense emotional distress, rather than physical destruction."} +{"dialogue":["Those are the main parts. So they're saying that when the mandate penalty goes away next January, the protections for preexisting conditions should go away as well. That's not exactly what the attorneys general were arguing, but that's what the Justice Department position is.","How might this change how individual people are covered and treated in this country?","Well, immediately, of course, it wouldn't. The Justice Department isn't asking for anything immediately. Obviously, this is a lawsuit, and it could take months or even years to work its way through the courts. But it does certainly raise the prospect of a court decision that would say there could be no more protections for people with preexisting conditions. That's one of the most popular parts of the health law.","We've been getting reports from all over the country about how health care premiums are going up. Why is that happening?Do you expect it to keep happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Justice Department position is that preexisting conditions should not be protected"} +{"dialogue":["And it also allows the Republicans now to use this process called reconciliation, which means they can pass the tax cut out of the Senate with 50 votes. So now - as you said, now they have to construct the bill. They have a bill that - right now all the elements that you talked about, including the repeal of the death tax, other elements - that's about a $4 or $5 trillion tax cut. And yet they're allocated $1. 5 trillion. So they've got to figure out how they're going to smush $4 trillion dollars in tax cuts. . .","Yeah.",". . . In a $1. 5 trillion box. So we'll see how that happens.","Well, if this were to fall through, how devastating do you feel that would be for your party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The $4 trillion tax cuts will be difficult to fit into the $5 trillion budget."} +{"dialogue":["I think that for, me Hillary is a policy wonk. I'm focused on public policy, and I'm thinking about action and thinking about what people say, how they present themselves, and whether or not they sound really credible on hardcore concrete ideas and proposals. And she just emerges as that person for me.","So, Congresswoman, why did you change your mind?","Combination of things. We've been through a campaign period. Barack Obama has paid some dues, and he's rebuilt himself. We got to know a bit more about him. He is talking about issues. The campaign has done what campaigns are supposed to do, and that is to help the public get to know the candidate, what they stand for, what they're willing to do, and whether or not they are tough enough to stay the course. He has met the test. He's paid his dues. He's got the numbers, and he should be the nominee.","Now, we saw a lot of members of the congressional black caucus either switch their superdelegate vote or at the last minute declare, when they were undeclared. What do you think that was about?Why was there this, you know, even before the final election votes were in, why was there this rush to say, you know, to declare?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Obama has demonstrated his credibility and is qualified to be the nominee."} +{"dialogue":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Developing a prosthetic that mimics natural arm capabilities is very challenging."} +{"dialogue":["If you can find these kinds of primitive organisms, could you find things like evidence of, like, ancient viruses that might have been around?","Well, that's an interesting question, and people have tried to look. The difference between what we've been finding and the virus is that the virus doesn't have a rigid cell wall to protect it. It just invades other things that have cell walls. So it makes it much harder to see and much harder to fossilize. It's often the cell wall or the protective material around it which goes into the fossil record.","But some of my colleagues have thought they have found viral-like structures, sort of polygonal-shaped structures a bit like modern viruses - very, very tiny, but have been unable to convince themselves and other people that no other explanation can be brought forward for these things. So that's still very much an open question.","But it would be nice if we could, but a little bit hard to really confirm it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's hard to find fossil evidence of ancient viruses."} +{"dialogue":["Journalist Sam Dagher spent years in Syria reporting on war. He also reported on the lives of ordinary Syrians caught in the middle of the fighting. His new book is called \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"It tells the story of Hafez al-Assad and his son Bashar and their rule in Syria. The story is told in large part through the Assad family's friendship with another Syrian family, the Tlass family. The Tlasses had helped the father and son keep their grip on power for decades.","I talked to Sam Dagher, and I first asked him about the book's title.","I saw this slogan on the walls of destroyed and deserted towns and neighborhoods. The Assad regime besieged a lot of these towns and neighborhoods in Damascus and elsewhere around the country that had risen up against the regime. The regime forces would go in and do what the regime calls the cleansing of this area. So they would sometimes execute whoever they find in these places, loot all the homes down to the tiles and the copper wire in the wall and burn these homes. And after they're done, they would spray this graffiti on the walls, Assad or we burn the country.","Sam, in this book, you're telling the story of the Assad family, but you're also telling the story of another Syrian family. Tell me about this lost family and their relationship with the Assads."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The slogan on walls reveals the regime's brutality towards its opponents"} +{"dialogue":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate."} +{"dialogue":["Or probably not their wives, actually.","(Laughter) No, they were mistresses. They were wives. As as everybody explained to me, this was pre-AIDS. You know, the swinging '70s. Up to about '82, no one had kind of realized that promiscuity can bounce back and hit you in really deadly ways.","So, Roben, there's all this craziness and excess. But at the same time, of course, this cocaine trade brought a world of violence to Miami. And you talk about the murder rate in Dade County, which is doubling in just a couple of years.","You think about the combustibility in those wild cash profits. And on top of the fact, in 1980, Fidel Castro says that he's flushing his toilets on the United States. He unleashes 125,000 refugees - maybe 10,000 to 15,000 of those were criminals. Some of the most violent ones indeed had their weapons of choice tattooed on the inside of their lips. So Miami was really ill-prepared to handle that inundation. There were race riots going on. And amid all of this, you have the hot pursuit of cocaine, money and sex and speedboats. And lots of really deranged things, in 20\/20 hindsight, happened in that midst."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : In the 70s and early 80s, promiscuity was common and not well-understood as a health risk."} +{"dialogue":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Tariffs put us out of the market and make us uncompetitive"} +{"dialogue":["He and his commission had better get it organized. Otherwise, the fury Nigerians are feeling today could spill into much worse. So they say the presidential vote and, of course, it wasn't just voting for president - also for governors, also for national assembly, also for the state assembly.","So we'll have the presidential next Saturday in another vote. But some other votes have been postponed till 9 of March. That's after the original second-round vote date of the 2 of March. So the electoral commission has got to get itself sorted out.","NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, thanks so much.","Always a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : If the commission doesn't organize things well, there could be violence."} +{"dialogue":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Nebraska's safe-haven law allows children up to the age of 19 to be left at safe havens."} +{"dialogue":["He was not playing with you, huh?","He was not playing with me. I wasn't playing with him either. I love him so much. He is such a beautiful spirit. He actually - he's writing what I've been saying in all my life. But he has - all songwriters have a different twist, and I like Ben's. I tell you, I like it a lot.","Let me play one, the first track on the album. It's called \"Change. \"","(Singing) Finger's on the trigger around here. Finger's on the trigger around here. Bullets flying, mothers crying. We've got to change around here. Get it straight. Be sure that you hear. Thing's going to change around here.","It seems like you had a good time with this song."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The lyrics of the song call for change in the society"} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","The next justice will be conservative. I think it's pretty safe to say that. But you write that conservative justices aren't all conservative in the same way. So could you explain?","Sure. Conservative judicial philosophy can mean a lot of things. Most prominently, what people talk about is that the judge focuses closely on the text and original understanding of the Constitution. But there are other philosophies that are associated with conservatism, as well. One is there's a libertarian strand of conservatism, which basically focuses on freedom from the state. And then there's an important strand of conservatism that says that judges should defer to the legislature and not get way out ahead of the people in terms of recognizing social rights. So, sometimes, the deference strand of conservatism conflicts with the other two.","You write that liberals are too confident in their despair, and conservatives are too jubilant. And you hinged that on Chief Justice John Roberts, who is conservative but could take on the mantle of the swing vote."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The hinge is just the importance of the information being placed on the Chief Justice. This person would not take on a mantle but just vote in a way that changes the outcome."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. It's hard to understand today just how much the catcher, especially in the 1870s, dominated the baseball game. A single baseball game was - really revolved around the catcher's ability to harness what the pitcher was pitching, and everything revolves around that. The pitcher couldn't use his best pitches if he had - he didn't have confident - confidence in the catcher.","So he really was a sort of iconic folk hero, dominated the game in a way that I think no player ever has before or since and - at a point to where people resented it and would say, you know, this is a game played by two players while the other seven just kind of watch.","The pitcher and the catcher and everybody else watches. The catcher's - well, we are familiar with the crouched position right behind home plate. That was not what they did in the 1870s.","No. They stood, sometimes a little stooped but mostly straight up, and they would just catch the ball and be ready to throw it to bases immediately. And the way that they would throw it sort of made them look like gunslingers. And so that really fed into the whole icon of them, the whole idea of them as American folk heroes."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The catcher played a crucial role in baseball games in the 1870s."} +{"dialogue":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The woman in front of you has more than 10 items but still stands in the express line, which is irritating."} +{"dialogue":["So Leslie, what about some splurge wines?","Well, I think in this economy, splurge is a relative term. So what I like to do is tell people to think about makeovers. For example, if they are thinking about spending $100 on a bottle of great champagne, that's wonderful. You can go out and buy Dom Perignon, certainly. Dom Perignon Rose, for example, would set you back a couple hundred dollars. But think about sort of switching that out with another wine. For example, Chandon in Napa Valley is part of the same company that produces Dom Perignon from (unintelligible) in France, and they do a gorgeous wine called Etoile, and it's about $40 for a sparkling wine. So now you've splurged and gotten one of California's best sparkling wines, and it's by the same company that ultimately makes Dom Perignon. So now you've splurged but saved yourself a little Christmas money as well.","Leslie, thank you.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Splurging on expensive wines can be replaced by trying out other affordable, yet equally delicious options."} +{"dialogue":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Human beings have an innate desire to help others in times of crisis, but excessive giving can have negative consequences."} +{"dialogue":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Officers are selectively recording only parts of interactions, thereby hiding misconduct that occurs off-camera and only recording interactions that appear to be professional."} +{"dialogue":["So two days ago, we were notified by our sheriffs, the Palm Beach County sheriff, through the Broward County sheriff. I believe they were notified by Border Patrol that 135 people will be sent each week to Broward County and Palm Beach County. The sheriffs then turned and notified myself as mayor of the county. And with that notification came no instructions on sheltering these people, feeding these people, housing these people, determining the health of anybody. Just, here's 135 people coming every week. Good luck. That's basically what the message has been.","What was your initial reaction to that?","Pretty much disbelief. Normally, when anything happens like this, the federal government contacts the state government, the state government then will contact the local county government, like us. In this situation, no protocol. There's been nothing communicated in those channels. We've contacted the governor's office. They have no idea. We contacted our U. S. Senators Scott and Rubio. They had no idea. We contacted our congresspeople. Nobody was informed by the Trump administration about any of this.","And did you get the sense that this is a done deal - this was not, like, a draft plan or a trial balloon?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : I think \"trial balloon\" refers to an event being on a provisional basis to see what effects it will have."} +{"dialogue":["What's your greatest regret?","Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.","But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They regret not trying harder on their campaign for the referendum. They also regret not getting more of the people to support them."} +{"dialogue":["In other words, says Ambassador Hill, the error was to call for the removal of President Bashar al-Assad. Christopher Hill joins us now from his office at the University of Denver, where he's dean of the School of International Studies. He's former ambassador to Iraq, Macedonia, Poland and South Korea, a former assistant secretary of state as well. Nice to talk with you again.","Good to talk to you.","And you concede in your piece that President Assad should be tried for war crimes. How can he be part of a diplomatic solution?","Well, that's not a concession on my part. I'm simply pointing out that the conflict in Syria is a pretty complex one. And the issue often is not how do you get rid of these guys, these dictators, but how do they get there in the first place. And when we start looking into Syria, you see that it wasn't quite the same pattern as Moammar Gadhafi or even the situation in Egypt or some of these other places associated with the Arab Spring, you have a very complex problem. And to this day, some couple years later, you have a lot of people fighting on Assad's side, and they're not fighting on his side because they like him, support him, want to see him continue.","They just fear the future even more than they fear him. And so I think the problem was that in calling for his ouster, we didn't explain what would happen the day after he's gone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They didn't get into position in the same way as some places were protests and riots occurred."} +{"dialogue":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is News & Notes. Ending a relationship is never easy. The person breaking up often tries to use words to soften the blow. I'm not ready to be in a committed relationship or it's not you, it's me. And the person being dumped is left trying to figure out just where things went wrong. A year ago, author Rachel Skerritt decided that she wanted to get to the bottom of all of her ex-boyfriends' vague explanations for ending their relationships. So, she called the men in her past and asked them to tell her exactly why they stopped wanting to be with her. Rachel joins me now. Welcome to News & Notes, Rachel.","Thanks, Tony.","Rachel, why in the world would you want to know this?","Well, I'm a tough cookie. I should say that first off, but I'm also a writer and the idea came to me after that whole \"He's Just Not That Into You\" phenomenon, the book not the movie. And a lot of my friends were reading it as if they had found, you know, the answers to everything. Oh, he's just not that into me, that explains it. But there was this whole missing why piece, why not. And as you said, guys seem trained to give these stock answers so as not to hurt feelings, but I really wanted the real deal. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Tough cookie is not literal. She is not a cookie. She is suggesting that she is strong enough to take criticism from others."} +{"dialogue":["Then Brenda Gayle Beasley Forrest(ph) wrote to us from St. Helena Island in South Carolina about our series on race. She said: I encourage you to continue the dialogue on being bi-racial in America or mixed race. I know Obama wasn't vocal on this issue, but as a white woman, I think Obama missed an opportunity to claim his bi-racialness and own up to it. Why not shout out, I represent all of America, all races, like the melting pot that is America?I take offense at a half-black, half-white person is shooing their whiteness and calling themselves just black.","And finally, Richard Reed(ph) in Grand Rapids, Michigan wrote us this about the race series. He said: In our family, there were people of black, American Indian, and white backgrounds. In the generations of our great grandparents, our grandparents and our parents, we were taught to love and respect all our family members. These lines of demarcation between people remain so arbitrary and so vague.","And that's it's for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","Now NPR has a new way to chime in on our stories. Go to our program page at nprnewandnotes. org and click on a segment. There you can click on the Comments link and write us your thoughts."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness."} +{"dialogue":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It's important to live in the moment rather than for posterity."} +{"dialogue":["Credit's a basic input, just like fertilizer or fuel or labor. Farmers here need credit to be able to buy their fertilizer, number one, which is much more expensive than it used to be. Seeds, pesticides, everything - to have money to pay your employees every month. And so, when credit's delayed or not available, especially on fertilizer, it gets very complicated to be able to raise a crop. Nobody in modern agriculture can farm without credit.","And what's your credit situation like right now?","I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Farmers need credit to buy expensive inputs like fertilizer."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : This is a rare event that happens every 18 years"} +{"dialogue":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr. Bill Rhoden. Mr. Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse is supposed to be kept secret"} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. They used to end up there in the French Riviera and big mansions in Europe. Now they tend to also end up in Europe but not in big mansions but in the criminal court - in The Hague.","And has that had the effect of making it more difficult sometimes to get rid of certain people?","Absolutely. They are - they don't trust now any promises that they will not be prosecuted or taken in front of a judge. And also, you know, the standards of human rights internationally have changed. And there is a very active community - globally - that chases after dictators and people that have violated human rights and have committed the crimes against humanity, which is the case for many of them.","Now, isn't the logic of that - the humanitarian logic of that - that knowing they might have to face criminal charges will discourage dictators from striking out at their own people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time."} +{"dialogue":["Is it in anyway because to a lot of people, the internet is a place?","It is. And when people sometimes say, I bought it on the internet, maybe they're thinking it's like, I bought in France.","(Laughter).","But it's not a place. It's a network of places. It's here. It's there. It's everywhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The internet is not a single, centralized location, but rather a decentralized network of interconnected devices that spans the globe. It exists everywhere and nowhere at the same time, making it difficult to define as a physical place."} +{"dialogue":["Basically, in the art markets. I'm not sure how many of them are exactly for sale at this point. I think there are a number of artifacts that are almost too well-known to sell or to sell to anyone, you know, like an - you know, a prominent museum. For instance, the Nimrud Ivories are unlikely to be, you know, publicly available for sale.","What are the Nimrud Ivories?","The Nimrud Ivories, it's a series of these very small beautifully carved ivories from the 9th century B. C. , from the sites of Nimrud. Probably the most famous is something called the lioness attacking, I guess, it's a young man. They were gilded or leafed with gold leaf and in many cases painted. They're just beautiful pieces.","So they're in private hands somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They are not literally in someone\u2019s private hands."} +{"dialogue":["Then I opened the door, and there were those four officers there. They raided my apartment. They went through every single thing I had. They were going through my WhatsApp messages for hours and hours. They also brought in some other equipment that they said was used for a sweep. It was a bizarre-looking apparatus that shot out a laser. And they pointed it at my walls and at the air conditioning unit. And they said they were looking for spying equipment.","And you were taken into custody. And you were interrogated. What happened?","I was. They took me to their headquarters just a few miles away. They put, like, a ski mask over my face. Then I was finally in a room and a chair. They would periodically come in and sort of prod me and have questions for me about my contacts in Venezuela, contacts with the military, the people who work with me or also just needing the password to my computer. Also, generally, just - they gave me a very long lecture about how I was supposedly a mercenary journalist.","What do you think this was about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The equipment did not actually sweep the floor but went over the room with a infrared detection sensor."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, and we looked especially at people who are most likely to think they are lacking in bias, such as the self-described egalitarians, also political liberals. Our sample, being an Internet sample, is not surprising that it was a majority of liberals. And we found that the implicit race attitudes of these liberals and the egalitarians predicted their warmth toward Republican candidates.","So in other words, many white and non-white voters will unconsciously vote against President Obama because of his race, but when asked, they'll give a reason other than race.","That's very likely. This is very hard to tease apart, and our method works by measuring things that you can't really ask people about because they don't know. And we think it's one of a number of factors that play into determining vote. But it's a strong enough factor so that it can actually affect a significant percentage of the vote.","Among Republican candidates, when you polled them, did you see similar racial attitudes towards Herman Cain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Factors such as implicit race attitudes can significantly affect the vote."} +{"dialogue":["So it's not unusual for hospitals to sue patients for unpaid medical bills, but there's so much striking about this situation. Like, what are some of the things where - that stands out about this about how unusual this is?","So Methodist is really aggressive in their use of the courts to collect on these debts. Once they get a judgment, they will hound a patient from low-wage job to low-wage job to try to garnish their wages, and that's what we saw with the main character in our story, Carrie Barrett. I call her Ms. Carrie. So Ms. Carrie had surgery in 2007, was sued in 2010. And since then, the hospital has actually added $18,000 worth of interest to her debt. So not only do they add, you know, $5,000 in attorney's fees - they're also accruing interest even as they know she works at low-income jobs.","So part of how this works is Methodist gets the judgment, and then they filed a garnishment order. The employer can return that garnishment order saying, basically, this person doesn't make enough to even have their wages garnished. Ms. Carrie's employer was telling her she's not even making more than enough to have her wages garnished, and Methodist kept after her. It was like they were just waiting to see if she made a little bit more money so they could take it.","And they also are affiliated with the United Methodist Church. I mean, there are three bishops, as I understand from your reporting, that serve on the board. Did they have something to say about this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Methodist hospital is very aggressive in collecting unpaid medical bills."} +{"dialogue":["For conservative groups that are courting Latinos, Trump's remarks are likely to make their work more difficult. Let's turn now to Daniel Garza. He is the president of The LIBRE Initiative, a free market advocacy group founded by the business and political titans Charles and David Koch, specifically to strengthen Republican support among Latinos. Garza also worked in the George W. Bush administration. And he joins me now from Mission, Texas. Welcome to the program, sir.","Thank you, Lulu. It's a pleasure to be with you.","So I'd like to get your reaction to the president's comments first.","Well, I mean, I felt the president's remarks were counterproductive to trying to resolve, I think, the DACA negotiations. And, of course, I think it entirely inappropriate. Still, I suspect any political fallout will be mitigated by, I think, the booming economy that we're seeing, resulting in record low unemployment for U. S. Latinos, 3 percent-plus GDP growth and increases in wages because of the tax reform. So, you know, it's - they were not appropriate.","So it seems like Latinos, at this point, might be a tough crowd, though, for Republicans. Immigration constantly polls as one of the main issues for them. And many view Republicans as being on the wrong side of this debate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Republicans have a tough time winning over Latino voters"} +{"dialogue":["I was only able to speak with them very briefly. I did ask the mother - I said, where are you from?And she said, we're from Honduras. And I said, well, how long have you been traveling to get to this place right now?And she looked at me and said, we've been on the road for a month. And I knew at that moment that this point in their journey, which was very emotional for me to see them being detained, for them was just part of a very, very long journey.","You're an award-winning photographer, and you've covered war and chaos. And I should mention that we're friends because we often covered the same things in the Middle East and Latin America. And you've been taking pictures at the border for the last decade. What did you see this past week more broadly?","Having covered this story for the last 10 years, I've seen a lot along the way. But in this case, this last week, it was different because I knew that what happened after these pictures were taken was going to be something very different. Most of us here had heard the news that the administration had planned to separate families. And these people really had no idea about this news. And it was hard to take these pictures, knowing what was coming next.","Yeah. This took a toll on you. You spoke about that in the Getty Images blog."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see."} +{"dialogue":["He was an amazingly debonair guy. He was a man of society, as I came to figure out. He was a guy who attended functions at The Plaza for the Soldiers, Sailors, Marine Corps and Airmen's Association, the Petroushka Ball at the Waldorf, the Russian Nobility Ball, the Viennese Waltz Ball - all of these crazy events that, frankly, I had never heard of, but he was - had long-standing involvement with.","And he - this was his life.","This was his life. He was the organizer of these things. He would orchestrate table settings. He was the man at the door who would greet everybody. You know, he actually invited my wife and I to one of these events one time. It was one at The Plaza. And there stood Alan, right behind the reception table as you walked in: tuxedo, tails, you know, medals on his chest. He had served in the Air Force. And he - you know, he was the host of this whole universe, really. I mean, he was involved in numerous events like this.","And among those phone messages, you used to get messages from women named Muffy explaining what a grand, smashing time they'd had."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The man was the host and organizer of social events, well-dressed and decorated with medals."} +{"dialogue":["Have you had any feelers for a plea bargain from Socrates?","We were open to that discussion. And so, if Mr. Webb and Mr. Bob Clifford are listening, we're hoping to cut a deal. And it would disappoint the audience, who paid for a show, but I think we'd be willing to talk about perhaps a deferred prosecution agreement.","In our time, I think the key to Socrates wisdom is taken to be that Socrates said he was not the wisest man in Athens, and of course that just confirmed that he was because he was the only man who was aware of his limitations in ignorance. How do lawyers react to that?","Oh, I think there's a lot to be said for that, in that Socrates asked a lot of questions and gave fewer answers. But I think a lot of what happened in the trial of Socrates was interesting history. For example, the people talk about the death penalty, and I think what they miss at the time was that Athenian law required a jury to pick between the two options. So, if the government asked for death and the defendant asked for something different, they couldn't come up with a third option. And so since Socrates put before the jury his request that he be given free meals for life, they really had little choice. Either pay a man convicted of a crime free meals for life or put him death. And so I think part of what will take place next week is to try to put people back in the perspective of the Athenians, where Socrates gave them little choice and had to vote when it came to the penalty phase."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : none"} +{"dialogue":["What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?","It means (laughter) that we need to rethink our whole food distribution and supply chain. We're highly dependent in imports. We import 85 percent of our food. And this actually gives us an opportunity to rethink that business model and say, hey, we need to produce more here. We need to have fresh produce, etc. , so that we can have enough supplies inland in case this happens again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Puerto Rico needs to become less dependent on food imports"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.","And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.","That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.","And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The situation in Pyongyang is extremely unclear and difficult to understand"} +{"dialogue":["Philippines armed forces pounded militant positions again on Saturday, the fifth-straight day of fighting between government forces and ISIS-linked fighters who have occupied parts of the city of Marawi on the island of Mindanao. A military spokesman says that at least 40 militants have been killed since the fighting began, and at least 13 soldiers have died. We're joined now from Mindanao by Michael Sullivan.","Michael, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","You're just back from Marawi. What did you see?","Scott, I saw a ghost town, really. I mean, it was eerie. It's a city of more than 200,000 people. But it just looked as if someone had suddenly just snatched them all away, just plucked them from the street. The only people we saw in the city proper were heavily armed Philippine soldiers trying to flush out militant snipers. And you could hear intermittent gunfire on the streets approaching that part of the city that the militants still control."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) \"You're welcome, Scott\" - This is an expression of gratitude and respect, not an acknowledgement that Scott has granted permission. "} +{"dialogue":["So even though there are contaminations or contaminants that can affect the meteorite, there is definitely a lot of information that you can learn about these. In fact, you know, a lot of times people wonder, you know, meteoritics is such a small sort of niche of very specialized science. But everything that we understand about the beginnings of the Earth, everything that we understand about beginnings of the solar system, what we're made of, what the planet's made of, the age of the Earth, all of that comes from studying meteorites. And, you know, we can learn a lot from that.","Would that be a good topic for a novel, do you think?","Absolutely. There are actually quite a few novels that have been written about meteorite impacts and, you know, microbes being carried over here from other places. And yes, there are science fiction books that I've certainly read very avidly about that, but, yes. . .","So what is the holy grail of a meteorite collector?What do you really wish for some day?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : not the literal grail or cup\/platter used by jesus, but the most important thing or idea"} +{"dialogue":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He said that he had a huge emotional reaction to the testimony."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or disregarded by people, despite its significance and potential."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. It's just pretty much everything.","Yeah.","But overall, is this space open to entrepreneurs of color?This space - meaning online social networking. Is there still room for new innovation?","Yeah. I think that's a great question and it absolutely is. I mean if anything, what we've seen now and what I've been preaching is that we need to start being more niche. More niche-focused is actually the better. So we come from a long way of having these broad sites that would just aggregate a whole bunch of people and just be this commercialized area to now to seeing real value and having super niche sites. It's kind of this whole thing that goes back to this idea of the long tale having fewer people that may be really passionate about a certain thing, than having a lot of people that may not really ultimately be interested."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Entrepreneurs of color may face challenges in the online social networking space"} +{"dialogue":["And now we're going to move from talking with mental health experts to someone who has lived addiction. Jonny W. lost almost everything to a gambling addiction. Thank you for coming in and being with us.","Thank you for having me here today.","Well, you know, let's start at the beginning. When did you start gambling?","Mr. W. : Well, I started at the ripe old age of about 12-years-old. And at that particular time, it was just a matter of fun and hanging out with my friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Gambling was just a fun activity with friends at age 12."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we knew something was going to happen. We were preparing for it, but you didn't know where. And we were all set to jump on the - would be the take-off on the flight - night of the 4th, so D-Day would have been the 5th. But it was pouring rain, so it was held off for 24 hours. But we all were laying on these cots. And the cots were right next to each other. You're talking about 500 cots in this big hangar, so it was a pretty rank place after a while.","Smelled pretty bad?","It smelled mannish, yeah.","Mannish. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Preparing for something anticipated, but uncertain of where and when it would happen."} +{"dialogue":["If that was the concern initially, I've never heard it expressed in recent years. There are now so many people who have gotten out, and their stories have been corroborated by, you know, so many of these different people who've escaped that it's, you know, North Korea is as bad as they say, and perhaps even worse.","But, you know, I would like to say that the stories are also inspiring. You hear these terrible things, and sometimes I go to sleep at night thinking about the horrible stories I'd heard about life in North Korea. But at the same time, it's very positive to think that after six decades of totalitarian repression, there are people who are still longing for freedom and have the courage to go after it.","Yet it raises the question of the many more who are still inside that hell on Earth.","Indeed. And the 24,000, 25,000 who have gotten out are a drop in the bucket when you consider there are still 25 million people enslaved in North Korea. However, the North Koreans who escape are small in number, but they have provided a huge service, two ways. One is that they've educated all of us about the reality of life in North Korea. Nobody can say today that we didn't know. We now know about the gulag. We know about the way the government uses food as a political tool. We know all of this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Even though the conversation is centered on the North Koreans who have escaped, turn (3) highlights the fact that there are still millions of people living under the oppressive regime in North Korea, and their plight should not be overlooked or forgotten."} +{"dialogue":["He used software to create phony profiles so he could collect answers from thousands of women and analyze them. He divided the women into seven groups based on the questions they chose to answer, then decided which group he found most engaging. And then he answered those questions that they found most compelling. Once he did, his dating life took off.","At first, I was kind of trying to make them like the classic sort of romantic first date to remember, to tell your kids about. And that turned out to not be a good approach.","First dates take time, after all. They create expectation. They can be exhausting. So Chris McKinlay decided to just meet for a cup of coffee and hope that was long enough to detect in person what OkCupid and its algorithms couldn't - if two people felt a spark. Chris McKinlay had 87 first dates. And on the 88th, he met Christine Tien Wong.","It was a real relief when I met Christine and, you know, on the first date. I was saying yes very strongly at a gut level."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He used data to figure out which women he should focus on in order to maximize his chances of finding a successful relationship."} +{"dialogue":["Now, we're going to head east to New York. NPR's Robert Smith spent the day in the raucous Harlem Armory yesterday. He joins us now. How are you doing, Robert?","I'm doing great. And no offense to Cheryl; she's talking about the hometown pride for Barack Obama. They like to point out in Harlem that before he moved to Chicago, Barack Obama went to Columbia University and lived in East Harlem. So, there you go.","All right. Well, how did they process this spectacle yesterday?","\"Process\" is a tame word for it. It was an out-and-out party. Everything from giant video screens on 125th Street; there were big events at the Schaumburg Center for Black Culture and at the Apollo Theater. I went to a schoolchildren event at the Harlem Armory, and if you can imagine the sound of about 5,000 middle-school students in a concrete bunker like the Armory screaming at the top of their lungs, you can imagine, it not only hurt your ears, but it was a little hard to follow the inauguration with that much excitement in one place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Harlem residents take pride in Obama's previous residency"} +{"dialogue":["And for some young women in those societies, it was that just order. Those kind of dashed hopes were exploited. And part of the appeal of ISIS, I think, in those early days in countries like Tunisia and for girls like Nour, was that there was no other way to be politically active, to be a feminist of any kind. It was the only door that was open.","I was about to mention the story of Nour. She was a high school dropout from Tunisia. And you make the point in the book that she was sort of rebelling against a secular state. And it was her way of expressing her female identity.","Exactly. So Nour grew up in a Tunisia that was highly authoritarian but secular. So Nour was religious. She wanted to cover her hair. She went to school wearing a headscarf. And she was thrown out of high school for that because the headscarf was banned in public spaces like that in Tunisia before the 2011 uprisings.","You described this shocking scene where she's actually attacked by her teacher."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It's not a door but an opportunity that becomes available to them."} +{"dialogue":["Iran announced today that it will soon exceed limits on its stockpiles of enriched uranium that it agreed to under the 2015 nuclear deal with the U. S. and other nations. The Trump administration pulled the U. S. out of the deal last year; other countries stayed in. And this new announcement is the latest sign that it might be falling apart altogether.","Joining us to discuss this is NPR's Geoff Brumfiel. He covers science and security. Hey, Geoff.","Hey, there.","What exactly did Iran announce today?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Iran announced that it will exceed limits on uranium stockpiles, which may result in the failure of the nuclear deal."} +{"dialogue":["I think everything that I do and I try to do in my life is to thank them because they do so much for me on a daily. And I just want to show them how grateful I am because I truly am grateful. It's, like, a lot of sacrifices going to my quince. A lot of things had to get put on hold. And to be able to, like, have that quince and to be able to do all that - I just wanted to be as thankful as I could during the whole process. And I live for them, basically. Everything I do for them is, like, a hundred percent, kind of.","Matt, this topic was new to you. What did you learn about Latino culture?","O'NEILL: There's so many different facets of a quinceanera, from the baile sorpresa, the surprise dance, to the last doll, to the replacing of the heels - you know, the - giving the first gift of heels. And all those details I hadn't known about quinceaneras or this aspect of Latino culture. But I think the thing that became most clear is that at the core of these ceremonies is familial love, and that's what you see celebrated in each of the four films. And it's a universal aspect of human life. And Latino, Irish, every culture pours so much into their children, and that's what you see through these quinceaneras.","Rosi Alvarez is featured in the new HBO series \"A Quinceanera Story\" directed by filmmaker Matt O'Neil. Thanks to you both for sharing this project."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The celebration of familial love is at the core of quinceaneras, a universal aspect of human life that every culture pours into their children."} +{"dialogue":["And is this going to encourage changes at other state universities?Is this going to encourage more lawsuits?","I think it's hard to gauge. If you were one of the conservatives who wanted to challenge affirmative action, I would think this is a little depressing. You spent years trying to get a case at the Supreme Court, and you don't - you know, it's not much of an incentive to do it again.","I think it may encourage a few big states, as I mentioned, to try to move away a little bit from weighing race and trying to find a way, like this top 10 law, rewarding top graduates, find a way to bring in more minority students but without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy.","Now some will remember there was another case I think from the University of Michigan that was also broadly about affirmative action. Does the Texas case supplant that, or are we awaiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Race may not be used by some big states in college admissions."} +{"dialogue":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N. official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The government of Myanmar is not allowing international monitors to oversee the situation."} +{"dialogue":["DR. GABRIEL FITZPATRICK: Well, all I can say is we too in this area are having some positive news stories from patients who have recovered from of Ebola, but this is not due to any experimental medical treatment which is available. When a patient is admitted here with Ebola, they're given various forms of supportive medical treatment such as anti-malaria treatments or spectrum antibiotics, which can treat chest infections, urinary tract infections. And they're also provided IV hydration if that's required. And these have some effects on reducing the mortality rates associated with Ebola, but there are - I have to say - not a treatment for Ebola.","Seven out of 10 patients that you admit for treatment with Ebola die. It must be going through your mind what have they done there at Emory in Atlanta that we might be able to use here because they seemingly saved two lives there.","In the situation I am working here at the moment, we have no experience with any experimental drugs. And I am not in a position to comment on that because we are here at the invitation of Sierra Leone. And we cannot do things that break the law, only with possibly faced expulsion. So everything we have done is in conjunction with the government of Sierra Leone. And we will continue to do that. But obviously MSF welcomes any new novel treatments. They should be made available as quickly as possible to patients if they're found to be of adequate value.","Dr. Fitzpatrick, I am told you have a family back in Dublin?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Is Dr. Fitzpatrick worried about his family in Dublin due to the risks of his work in Sierra Leone?"} +{"dialogue":["There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr. Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.","When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?","It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.","So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Dr. Cooley experimented on animals and put animal hearts in humans"} +{"dialogue":["I remember one moment where you're asking, when do you think about race?And someone said, right now.","Like, you know, this is a hey, we're on the spot. At certain points, people are accused, people in the media, of overemphasizing our differences. Were they afraid of being misrepresented?","Some were and some weren't. There was a lawyer who participated in some of the discussions. He is a registered Republican. And when the local paper did a story about our series of conversations, they identified him as a white Republican, and he said when he saw that in the paper, it was jarring for him, because he never thought of himself being described in that way. He said, I've never thought of myself having a label affixed to my name, and it was really uncomfortable for me. And when he was saying this, there were several people in the coloring room who were nodding their heads saying, well, welcome to our world.","Speaking of welcome to our world, one thing I've noticed is that, you know, we talk about black folks, we talk about white folks. There's no question that you have to talk about blackness. But you've also included people who were not black and not white. So how do you think Latinos and Asians in particular are faring in this election in terms of feeling represented or sought out or given their say?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : at certain points refers to periods in time"} +{"dialogue":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Pursuing passion is important, but financial stability is also crucial."} +{"dialogue":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, absolutely. They'll see Dragon doing a loop around the space station. It's a pretty wide loop, so Dragon will still look pretty small from the space station when it's doing that wide loop around the space station. But I mean, just to visualize things, it's like literally imagine you doing a loop around a bullet that's going 12 times faster than something that came out of an assault rifle.","Yeah.","So it's a dodgy affair.","I know. You know, when - and they first tried this in the '60s."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver"} +{"dialogue":["But we don't know what types of tools the Denisovans made. The Neanderthals lived in Western Eurasia and in Europe, and the Denisovans seem to have lived in the eastern parts of Eurasia, and we don't have a well-defined group of skeletons or archaeology that we know must have been left behind by a group.","But amazingly, we do have a genome sequence from the Denisovans, and we can use the genome sequence to study how they're related to Neanderthals and modern humans.","How do you get such an accurate reading of a genome from a 50,000-year-old bone?I mean, it would seem - you know, it's an old bone.","Yeah, it's really old. So ancient DNA is an amazing field that's really become revolutionized over the last few years because of the revolution for medical genetics, from genomics, which has made the cost of DNA sequencing come down by a factor of about 100,000 over the last decade and especially in the last year by many thousand-fold."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The genome sequence helps us study the relationship between Neanderthals and Denisovans."} +{"dialogue":["One is from Vaclav Havel. He's a ex-Czech president. And basically, it says for kids to surround themselves by people who seek the truth and then run from the people who have claimed they have found it. That's one of the quotes.","I talk to the parents, and I said, you know, everything has got to be non-offensive. It has to be a, you know, definitely acceptable for high school students. It can't be anything that's controversial.","So how much money have you raised?","You know, right now, I've raised $350, but I've been receiving numerous offers in the past week."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Surround yourself with those seeking truth and avoid those who claim they have found it."} +{"dialogue":["Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.","Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.","Oh, it does?","Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The appearance of the glass chamber is impressive. (not the appearance of something else"} +{"dialogue":["And, you know, there are many, many different ways to sort of be a poet in America, and some of us work in libraries and some of us work in garages and some of us teach children how to read and some of us work in hospitals. And the thing is just we're passionate about poetry, and I think that's a beautiful thing. We can't be all in one place. We shouldn't be. We have to be scattered about in honor to keep poetry what it has always been.","What are you learning reading all these entries?","Oh, my goodness. I'm learning that the poems that I'm - I've read so far are lush and lyrical and sorrowful and unpretentious and gorgeous and syntactically stunning and well-chiseled. And I can't tell you how many times I've stopped reading to say, how did she or he get her mind and heart around that so beautifully?And so there's some gorgeous books of poems that are out there and that are in this pile this year, and I'm just loving the fact that I'm basically reading poetry all day.","I mean, I've never had the pleasure to have that kind of job before. And when he National Book Award folks called, I thought, oh, this is going to be quite a summer. And it is. I have the books stacked up knee-high, several piles of them. That pile has a label on it, and another pile has another label on it. And I just kind of sit down in the midst of it all and lose myself into that beautiful language."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person has a great many books in stacks around his home."} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C. Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Even though your family members have different political affiliations, they can still discuss the financial crisis over pumpkin pie."} +{"dialogue":["When you lament where the company is, do you feel there are steps that can be taken to bring it back to the loftier values that, you know, you first believed were true?","Yeah, I think there are steps, but I don't think they're kind of what Uber should do. I think they're what regulators and lawmakers and sort of society should do. I mean, sort of a very easy step would be to, you know, re-examine this independent contractor status of their drivers and see if there's some way to have them be employees or gain some equity in the company. That would be one way.","So basically you're saying, as we're about to hoo and ha over the massive figure of possibly a hundred billion dollars in worth - regulators, pay attention and protect the drivers and the little people in the game?","Yeah. And I think actually, you know, Uber going public may prompt that - which we are seeing strikes. We are seeing protests from drivers. And we're in this moment where lawmakers, presidential candidates, regulators are paying more attention to this industry and its effects on the world. So I don't think Uber's IPO is going to be the end of the story for its drivers and for its culture. I think it's, you know, maybe the beginning of a new, more restrictive, you know, oversight over the company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Regulators should protect the interests of drivers and other small players in the industry"} +{"dialogue":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Popularity is important for the outdoor world, but it can have negative effects on natural areas."} +{"dialogue":["Well, so certainly President-elect Trump has issued a few statements on cybersecurity, including a campaign platform. Those are pretty thin on details. And some of his statements - it's been difficult to understand whether or not he - how literally to take those particular recommendations. Of his national security hires that have been announced at this point, none are known for having particularly strong cybersecurity backgrounds. So as we see more and more people coming into the administration, we might be able to start getting a sense of what exactly this administration's cybersecurity policy might look like.","Surely when you become the administration, you have a vested interest in national cybersecurity that maybe you lacked before, don't you?","Absolutely. I think while many of his statements during the campaign did not necessarily evince well-developed policy thoughts - he's going to have to come up with more specific ideas. One thing that Donald Trump might run up against is the existence of current laws. So, for example, he's indicated a number of times that he intends to transfer a lot of the cybersecurity mission to the Department of Defense to come up with a plan for defending critical infrastructure. And there are potentially rather serious consequences to sort of the militarization of civilian cyber defense. I think that they might find themselves coming up against an existing framework that doesn't necessarily square with the broad instinct towards wanting to turn towards the military to solve this problem.","I thought the Obama administration was pretty clear in saying, after they asserted that Russian attempts to meddle in the elections had been ongoing, that the United States was going to reply in kind. Can we assume those efforts are going on now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : talking about the potential consequences of \"militarization of civilian cyber defense\" "} +{"dialogue":["We literally stumbled into them looking for the largest live coast redwoods. And it was akin to finding a dinosaur that was still preserved laying on its side. So, it was just dumb luck.","So, what do you do?You get a cutting from that tree and then what happens?","Well, we really didn't know at that time and we didn't even know at that time nobody had thought of it or had ever done it. That was two years ago. So, I was with my son Jake, and Jake goes, well, look, dad. Look over here on the other side. And he found some shoots that were green and they were attached to the roots and some of the base of the 35-foot-diameter stump. And he goes why don't we try these?And that's exactly how it was birthed.","So, you planted these cuttings and what'll happen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Finding them was very similar to finding a dinosaur- a major surprise."} +{"dialogue":["No.","So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.","Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.","But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"You have to be aware when the fertile window is.\" The phrase \"fertile window\" is not a literal window but rather a period of time when a woman is most likely to get pregnant. It refers to the days leading up to and including ovulation when an egg can be fertilized by sperm."} +{"dialogue":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr. Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr. Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, this, of course, has been something people have been looking for for a long time. Family members of those who were killed are calling it a victory. Fred Guttenberg, father of Jaime Guttenberg said - this is a quote from him - he said, \"he could have saved my daughter, and he didn't. May he rot in hell. \"Jaime Guttenberg was one of the last to be shot that day, and so that's some pretty raw feelings here about all this.","What we heard from a - the current sheriff in Broward County, Gregory Tony, said it's never too late to - for accountability and justice. He also fired another officer who was involved at the school today, as well. He's not charged. And we heard from Florida Department of Law Enforcement head Rick Swearingen who said there can be no excuse for Peterson's complete inaction and no question that his inaction cost lives.","That's NPR's Greg Allen in Miami. Thank you for your reporting.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The family members of the killed victims are happy to see that the offender is finally being held accountable for his actions."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","You look ahead, and what do you see?Just life is going to be a kind of process of trying to figure out how to live on very reduced circumstances.","Yeah. And my grandparents raised me, and they did live through the Depression. And I've kind of gone back more and more to how they coped. I remember my grandmother telling me how they had to eat the kids' pet chickens for dinner.","Cutting back to two meals a day, that's two things, dire circumstances and also an enormous amount of self discipline."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances."} +{"dialogue":["Underserved communities are neglected from the outside in. You know, we're talking about citizenry that have demonstrated a love for their community, have demonstrated a loyalty to the community and city as a whole, and they are the heart and soul of culture and cuisine for so many decades in New Orleans. And to let that go, means we've lost perspective of what is truly important in the society, and that's the root of what our culture is all about, you know, the intersection between people and life itself. And when we lose the priority of that, then we've lost our way as a city. And so the 9th Ward is emblematic of that. While a lot of the city is thriving, until the 9th Ward comes back, we won't be whole, and that's why we believe we should be there as a company.","A grocery store is not everything a neighborhood needs, but it is one of the things a neighborhood needs.","Mm-hmm.","Do you hope that, alongside the growth of Sterling Farms, will come those other necessities - a better school system, the infrastructure elements of sewage and power and water - everything that the people need to get their community going again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"a neighborhood needs\" Here, the phrase \"needs\" is used in a broader sense, indicating that a grocery store is one of the necessary elements for a neighborhood's well-being, rather than the literal physical requirements."} +{"dialogue":["He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.","Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.","I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.","That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Laurence Heda was a student of Michael Pellegrini, who sadly died in the Nice attack, along with his mother and grandparents."} +{"dialogue":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S. is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S. says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S. military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S. position.","Well, right. And no U. S. commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The US military has evidence to support their claim."} +{"dialogue":["But the technical. . .","Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?","Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.","We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : While the macroeconomic numbers don't indicate a recession, many people are experiencing economic hardship."} +{"dialogue":["What does it mean to have a populist party and right-wing party win the parliamentary majority?","Oh, it's a very simple answer to a difficult question. We don't know. It's an experiment, not only for Italy, for the whole of Europe. I mean, for Italy today, June the Second is like the 14th of July in the United States. It's our birthday. The Italian Republic was born 72 years ago in 1946, and we never had anything like that. You know, the 5-Star are closer with sort of South American populist movement.","Yeah.","You know, you have good and bad over there. And the Northern League is a right-wing party. What will they do together?I don't know. I wish them luck."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next"} +{"dialogue":["Of course that's what somebody would say that. It's oozing with privilege, right?When we look at women's issues, women's rights, this is a scope in which a man should not have any say on. And I think that it's so asinine for people to - men in particular - to think, like, this is a personal issue. This is something that is true in the world. It's - it can only happen to women. Men will never have to face pregnancy ever. And the people who are going to talk about policies and these protections are going to be men.","Is it true that all the people who negotiate these contracts at Nike are men?","They're all men that are - within house at Nike have been and are all men. It's an old boys club. The culture at Nike is - that's - it remains to be an old boys club. And this is the time for it to be exposed. You know, the time is now.","That was Olympian and former USA champion Alysia Montano. Alysia Montano, thank you so much for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Men should not have a say in women's issues and rights"} +{"dialogue":["All the Neanderthals are quite closely related to each other, all the ones that have been studied genetically so far. But this individual, this Denisovan girl, is very distantly related to the Neanderthals. She's more distantly related than the most distantly related present-day humans that are on Earth today.","And so she is another group, and we also have a molar, a tooth from a Denisovan. We know she's - that tooth is from a Denisovan because we've extracted its DNA. And that tooth is a very big molar. It's much bigger than any modern human or Neanderthal molar. So they also had teeth that were different from either modern humans or Neanderthals.","So if you're a natural history museum, and you have your diorama of, you know, of ancestry, and you've got a Neanderthal there, do you now have to put a Denisovan standing right next to that Neanderthal?","I think you do, but you won't know what they look like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Denisovan girl is less related to Neanderthals than present-day humans."} +{"dialogue":["So, yeah, just for the people who don't know, New Faces is a place where, like, up-and-coming comedians can perform in front of agents and people who can, like, change their life essentially, right?So his set was 50% I'm bad at sex, I'm, like, kind of pudgy and I feel weird about it - right - and, like, very, very well-mined place for comedy. And the other 50% of his comedy was about how he's from Mechanicsburg, Pa. , and he just moved to New York. And he's sort of, like, straddling the line between his, like, racist stuff - his uncle's posts on Facebook - and, like, the aggressively woke friends he's making now in New York and just sort of trying to traverse the two worlds.","And his set got - you know, I put him on the list because his set got a lot of laughs. He has great, like, timing. And, like, the aggressive energy that's in his podcast was sort of, like, shaved off just enough, you know?","Did you hear him make any actual racist comments during his set?","Every sort of, like, racist comments were sort of, like, couched in, like, oh, my uncle just hates Kaepernick - like, that sort of thing - like, in the voice of."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : He used racist language but tried to hide it behind humor."} +{"dialogue":["And so he's been - there's a debate. I've said, you know, I don't know - it's ongoing. I don't know how active it is, you know, about whether he should be given credit for the germ theory of disease.","Instead of Pasteur, who came later.","That's right, yeah.","Yeah, oh, so he saw something, didn't know what they were, but he thought that's how they - this spread from one person to another, through these little worms or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Louis Pasteur is often given credit for the germ theory of disease instead of the person being discussed"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","(Reading) Bridgette McNeal, the Atlanta mother of four, has been on Second Life for just over a decade. Though Bridgette is middle-aged, her avatar is a lithe twenty-something whom she describes as perfect me, if I'd never eaten sugar or had children. When we spoke, Bridgette described her Second Life home as a refuge that grants permission. When I step into that space, I'm afforded the luxury of being selfish, she said, invoking Virginia Woolf. It's like a room of my own.","I mean, there are so many reasons to love this woman. Her real everyday life is so difficult. She's raising two disabled children. What did you feel when you talked to Bridgette McNeal?","I felt so much. The idea of constructing these online selves that we prefer in certain ways to our real selves is really relevant to so many people. And for Bridgette, I was fascinated by her daily life. She's raising four kids, two of whom are autistic teenagers, and there's a lot of joy and meaning in those relationships and also a lot of hard work."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : She began to act like and say things like the author, Virginia Woolf."} +{"dialogue":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. If a child commits a crime, even a serious one, should they go through the same justice system, and pay the same price as an adult?That's just one of a host of issues surrounding juvenile justice. Today is part of our ongoing series on criminal justice.","We look at how kids end up behind bars, and what other options judges have when faced with a young offender. For more, we have Carole Shauffer, executive director of the Youth Law Center. Welcome Carole.","Thank you. Welcome.","So, let's start with a little scenario. There is a 16 year old and his friend, who go into a convenient store. They ask for money. The clerk says no. The friend shoots the clerk. If the 16-year-old is arrested and charged, what are some of the possible paths that the justice system could take, with the person who was not the shooter, but who was part of this crime?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"possible paths\" - This is a literal expression referring to different options or courses of action that could be taken."} +{"dialogue":["So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?","Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis.","And that oxygen has now built up to such a level that it destroys the hydrogen sulfide. So it doesn't normally get up into the atmosphere. You don't notice it very much. So that's probably the reason, really - there's too much oxygen, or it's being consumed by other kinds of bacteria a little bit further up the food chain.","Do we humans have similar bacteria living in our guts?We talk a lot about the human biome a lot on this program."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell"} +{"dialogue":["But what nobody really knows is what happened beforehand. How did we get there?What did it take, you know, to stand up against two major institutions, to stand up against law enforcement agencies, multiple law enforcement agencies that had botched prior investigations and silenced victims?And that was what I really wanted to tell.","And it was hard to see at times because it was perpetrated by a physician. In the book, you write about how you first realized that abuse was taking place. It took you a while to understand what was happening to you because it was under the guise of medical care.","You write, quote, while I knew something had happened to me that was wrong, \"I didn't know yet that the penetration and everything I'd written off as pelvic floor therapy were anything but legitimate. I was, however, certain that no one would care about a teenage girl getting groped. Anyone could look around and know that. The sexual harassment and objectification of women were constantly downplayed. \"","Rachael, it sounds like there were a couple of difficult things happening here - first, acknowledging the abuse to yourself and then thinking that you wouldn't be believed even if you told someone."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : she was raped and doctor given given the false statement about it"} +{"dialogue":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The election of a Democratic House and the rise of white supremacy have made it possible for the issue of slavery and reparation to gain more attention."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Joan was a pioneer in the treatment of alcoholism and was passionate about spreading awareness of the issue."} +{"dialogue":["Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.","And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.","Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S. government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.","Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S. wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts."} +{"dialogue":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Timothy Geithner's statement on tax and spending policies is not surprising"} +{"dialogue":["Whichever direction the U. S. is going, it's clearly not great news for the Europeans, who Iran is very close to their borders. It's just next door in the Middle East. And we've seen what happens in the Middle East doesn't tend to stay there and has direct consequences for the Europeans. So the Europeans have been trying to urge, sadly, unsuccessfully so far, for the U. S. side to show a bit more pragmatism and realism about what it's expecting from Iran.","At the same time, you have said that Iran knows all the, quote, \"red buttons. \"Can you talk about what that means and how that can contribute to escalation?","Iran has essentially been living as a neighbor to the United States, if you think about it, for 20 years. Why?Since the invasion of Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq, which are two big, bordering countries to Iran. . .","Where there is an American troop presence."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The situation with the US and Iran is concerning for Europeans"} +{"dialogue":["And Kellie, I hear a child behind you. May I ask, are you in a clinic?","Yeah. So I'm inside the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","OK. So you have a clinic set up to deal with Ebola cases. You also have, as you say, thousands of Congolese crossing the border every couple of weeks into the settlement where you are. What is the level of worry that you might get more cases?","People are very worried. I think until the outbreak stops in DRC, then the chances that new cases arrive in Uganda is very high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The chances of new Ebola cases arriving in Uganda are high until the outbreak stops in DRC."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, and that sounds a little anthropomorphic. I mean, they live in those reservoir hosts inconspicuously. Obviously viruses don't have purposes, so it's not their purpose to hide, but they disappear. They go somewhere where we can't find them.","Scientists - Ebola spilled over for the first time in 1976, and scientists still don't know what the reservoir host of Ebola is.","If you want to get in on the conversation, ask David Quammen a question, it's 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. Now these are called zoonosis, is that - did I get that right?","That's right, yeah, zoonoses. A zoonosis is an animal infection that's transmissible to humans. It might or might not cause disease in humans. Sometimes these things spill over, and they become innocent passenger viruses in humans. But if the zoonosis spills over and does cause disease, then we call that a zoonotic disease. And about 60 percent of our infectious diseases are zoonotic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Scientists have been studying Ebola for decades, but they still haven't identified its reservoir host."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. In fact, if a car is assembled in Canada and shipped to the United States, Americans should realize that about 50 percent of the content of that car is American-made. A carburetor could cross the border up to eight times during the manufacturing process. We have a completely integrated manufacturing process in the automobile industry.","And here, we have something very amazing. We have the labor unions - the head of the AFL-CIO; the industry - head of the automobile manufacturers - each of them; and we have the U. S. Chamber of Commerce, all coming together and agreeing that auto tariffs would be bad for not only Canada, but also U. S. jobs. And it would be bad for the U. S. -Canada relationship overall. And so I think that there are a lot of people that do not want to see us go down that road. And it would be very detrimental economically.","So one last yes or no question - do you see an agreement?","I'm the eternal optimist. You know, President Obama said once to me he's a congenital optimist, so I'll go with that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : He wants to believe that an agreement will be reached that benefits everyone."} +{"dialogue":["It's going great. I understand that spanking and Michelle Obama's fashion stuffed our inbox this week, right?","That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The discussion is still happening between a great many people. The black designers are only hurting themselves by complaining about what she wore."} +{"dialogue":["You know, it's the - there's not formal groups that kind of, you know, identify themselves. They don't have a problem with some other towns in the South where there's like, you know, revived Klan groups and such. I'm aware of the SPLC's research and such. But it's more - I think it's less formal than that but it's probably no less prevalent.","One of the things I'd like to ask you, because you're a person who has been writing about this and the photographs have been printed and seen around the country - the role of the media in covering this, does it make it better, does it make it worst?","Well, I think that really depends on, you know, literally what skin you're in, you know?A lot of the - many of the black folks in that town are very happy to see outside attention brought, they hoped that that scrutiny is going to force some changes down there. But by the same token many of the white folks are just outraged and they think that, you know, this is outsiders meddling in their affairs and they ought to just get their nose out of their business. There was the local Methodist preacher the last time I was there a month ago who told me that I was no better than a Christ killer but you know, you just kind of have to have thick skin.","Howard, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There are informal groups in the town that are not identified openly"} +{"dialogue":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S. has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The international community should put pressure on Zimbabwe for a change."} +{"dialogue":["You know, when my father died, I promised him I would try to write this book for him really. And then I quickly realized that I was writing it for the little girl who was angry, you know - I call her the girl in the red cardigan. I have a picture of her, and she's biting her tongue (laughter) all the time, you know - and also to try to trace the ways in which that experience had a long tail, if you like.","I have a section of the book called Aftermath. And my father became an addicted roulette player after he left the Brethren, and that put an enormous strain on the family. My parents divorced. My father ended up in prison when I was 16. He was very, very chaotic. I understand that now, you know. He was impossible, infuriating and wonderful. In the year that I was studying \"Macbeth\" for my O-levels, he decided I had to see every single production of \"Macbeth\" that year. So we saw 13 productions.","Oh, wow.","And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"the little girl who was angry\" is a metaphorical expression that refers to the author's inner child or past self who was frustrated and upset due to her father's death."} +{"dialogue":["Have you been able to solve any specific problems in real time yet?I mean, you can see where, for expatriates, this is probably relieving to have something that you can do to help to try to help because it has to be frustrating to live outside the country and have your countrymen and probably your relatives going through all this. And you probably feel like, you know, what can I do?","Yes. So in the hackathon, we had 17 submissions. Three of them were completed, and four our ongoing. So like, you know, one of the ones that, you know, we're pretty excited is related to this Twitter data where people are, like, requesting medicines or offering medicine. A team built a Twitter bot that replies to those requests and try to match - do matchmaking between offer and the match.","That's exciting. I mean, I'm guessing this has been a fulfilling project for you. I mean, how has it made you feel to work on this and to see your work starting to grow?","Amazing. I think this is the best I've felt in a long time - to actively solve and engage with, you know, challenges in the country has been very gratifying for us as a team."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Expatriates may feel a sense of relief from being able to contribute in some way, despite being outside the country."} +{"dialogue":["And one alternative for officials looking to monitor nonviolent offenders as they await trial are electronic monitoring devices - ankle bracelets. But according to a report in The New York Times, ankle monitors are often provided by private companies that can charge large fees for their services. In fact, defendants are often left to foot the bill - up to $10 a day. If they don't pay up or miss payments, they may end up behind bars anyway.","We wanted to talk about this, so we've called Blake Strode, executive director of ArchCity Defenders. They're one of the civil rights groups that brought a class-action lawsuit against the city of St. Louis, which led to this week's cash bail changes. Blake Strode, welcome. Thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you. Thanks for having me.","So, first, would you just tell us the two big changes that the Missouri Supreme Court ruling is supposed to bring about?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are lot literally bracelets, which are a form of jewellery, they are just known as such "} +{"dialogue":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Humans and chimpanzees can transmit viruses to each other."} +{"dialogue":["I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.","And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.","So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.","It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.","Does Iran have control over its proxies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Iran uses Lebanese Hezbollah troops to expand its influence in the region"} +{"dialogue":["I grew up in a small town where there were no poets. There were brilliant carpenters and electricians and people who did things with their hands. I wanted to make something with my hands too. I just wanted to make something a little different.","And so I needed models to sort of tell me that I could do that. Now, I am hopefully urging on another generation, the next generation of young, passionate, risk-taking, truth-telling writers to say, don't be afraid of this, you can do this, just have the resolve to do it, and it'll work itself out.","Even if you're working at Kinko's overnight?","Even if you're working at Kinko's it will, you know, you - there are jobs everywhere for poets of passion, you know?Some of them are in the academy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : No matter where a person works they can find inspiration to write a poem."} +{"dialogue":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The auto companies need to restructure their fixed costs due to the current economic situation, resulting in significant losses."} +{"dialogue":["Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?","I wouldn't say that. Maybe that first week he did, but there will only be one Michael Vick. Remember, Tony, Michael Vick was the most exciting quarterback in the NFL, and there's still talk and anticipation of him playing when he gets out.","All right. Let's move on to baseball because we're moving into the time of the year, at least for me, when baseball really becomes interesting. This year we had a couple of blockbuster trades involving Manny Ramirez going from Boston to the Dodgers, and we also had C. C. Sabathia going from the Cleveland Indians to the Milwaukee Brewers, and they turned their respective teams around. So, the question is, are they - should they be considered as MVP candidates even though they've only been there a short time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Vince's issues are related to the pressure he faced due to expectations of being the next great black quarterback."} +{"dialogue":["I had a very sobering experience last week. Michigan's Democratic governor was tapped to play the part of Sarah Palin in practice debates with Joe Biden. And while she was out of the state, I wrote a fantastic column whose premise was that Sarah Palin had arrived in Michigan, barged into the vacant governor's office, and decided to see what she could do to whip our mopey little state into shape.","Now, what I was not prepared for was the hundreds of readers who called the Free Press to ask, did the governor of Alaska really crash into the governor's office and take over the state for a day?And I spoke to one woman, and I said, ma'am, isn't this premise a little bit implausible?And she said, Mr. Dickerson, a lot of what I see on the news doesn't make sense these days, but it all seems to be true.","And I think that's the level of confusion and shock and awe that's out there in our state these days. They really don't know which end is up.","Brian Dickerson is a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press, getting a lot of interesting phone calls and letters. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The columnist's fictional premise was mistaken for a real event"} +{"dialogue":["For the last 40, 50 years, the education system has been translated into industry worker-producing system at high end, also, at low end, also. So - and that education system is becoming a reason to be tensed about the examinations themselves, the jobs, the admissions to the higher education classes, and every student was almost dying to get at the top positions. So all this was creating a lot of problem. So that's why we are not touching right now at graduation level; we are just touching about the bottom level - that is, starting from nursery classes to grade 8.","Minister Sisodia, who teaches a happiness class?","So there are 20,000 teachers that we have trained so far to take these classes, and they're taking these classes daily. This is 35-minute class, every day, first half of the morning. One class is for happiness class.","I have to ask, has any teacher said to you, if you want me to teach a happiness class, pay me more?That'll make me happy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The education system is not working properly and is causing a lot of stress for students."} +{"dialogue":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt."} +{"dialogue":["So the legislation you're pushing for would require anyone with a sex trafficking conviction to register as an offender in New Mexico. A similar bill recently failed in the state Legislature. Do you think that the Epstein case and the attention that it's getting will flip some votes?Do you think the bill is more likely to pass now?","I think the Epstein case - if there is only one positive that comes from this matter, it's that there will be more awareness that human trafficking and child trafficking is everywhere in every community, and any community can be exploited. It's appalling that the Legislature did not give this bill one hearing last year, much less consider the reform. I think the Epstein case will bring considerable amount of awareness on this issue and the real need to better protect children.","Epstein has not faced charges in New Mexico, but I understand that your office is interviewing people about what took place on his ranch. What can you tell us about that?","We do have an active investigation. We are meeting with survivors and victims involved in that matter. I'm very concerned that there definitely was a course of conduct here in New Mexico within our borders and that we don't leave any stone unturned. And we're also going to be forwarding any federal evidence to the federal authorities in New York."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There is concern that there was illegal activity on Epstein's ranch in New Mexico and the investigation will be thorough"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The chance of another big earthquake is still present and uncertain."} +{"dialogue":["And here's her plan. You get your kids into their PJs. You tuck them in with a math equation on top of their bedtime story. And you can find a simple - a sample of her bedtime math puzzles on our website at sciencefriday. com\/bedtimemath. Laura Overdeck is here with us. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Hi. Thank you.","This is a cute little book. It's a big book. It's nice. You think you can teach math to kids while they're getting their bedtime story?","Oh, I think absolutely. Where this came from was that my husband and I, we like math, and when our first child was 2, we started rolling in a little math problem with her book at night, just, you know, started with counting the ears and noses on her stuffed animals. It got tougher as she got older. We've rolled in a second child, a third child. And what we found was that, in our house by now, math is like dessert. It's a treat. . .","Is that right?","It's a treat the kids want. They actually ask for their math problem at night."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They begin the math with the kids,not actually roll anything."} +{"dialogue":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Felicity Huffman has accepted her guilt in the scheme."} +{"dialogue":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?","Well, in the mice that we've looked at, they were effective throughout the lifespan of the animal. So they were present, having their action and, you know, ultimately the animals do die. But it raises the question of, well, what about if we re-dose the animals?Would we have an even longer effect?Would we increase even the area that the stem cells were able to engraft in?Would we have a better effect?You know, that is where the investigations now need to go.","All right. Dr. Snyder, thank you for taking time to be with is today and happy holiday to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Further investigation needed to determine if stem cells can have longer effects"} +{"dialogue":["Fall color is peaking in New York's Adirondack Mountains. There's already been a first dusting of snow on the summits. North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann set out in his canoe to take in autumn's big show near Lake Placid, and he sent us back this audio postcard.","I'm paddling up the Chubb River, wildness all around me, tamaracks here by the shore and willows. This could easily be northern Canada. It's really crisp out here. You can really taste fall now in the air. And there is this kind of stained-glass look to the hillsides, like splashes of crimson red. I mean, just truly tropical red.","There's brilliant sun, and the maple and birch are lit up. As the river winds into the mountain valley, it narrows and narrows again, so I'm squeezing through a vein of water to get to the hiking trail, willow branches squeaking against the canoe. I pass a beaver lodge and turn. And suddenly, I'm right on top of a pair of indignant mallards that go whirring into the sky.","All right, guys, don't mean to scare you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It could be Canada because of the weather and the way it looks. The hillsides have a large variety of trees that have different colored leaves on them."} +{"dialogue":["Sure. So sequencing DNA is currently most cost efficient when you sequence a bunch of different samples together. And so, typically, you'll outsource your sequencing to a dedicated sequencing facility or lab. And let's say you want to learn what other people are sequencing. Say you want to get a leg up on some GMO research that people are doing. You could potentially insert malware into the sample that you send to the DNA sequencing facility to exfiltrate some of that data back to you.","How did you guys discover this?","What we try to do here is sort of look at emerging technologies and see if there are any security implications of those emerging technologies and try to get ahead of potential threats before they become actual threats. And so we had a team of people here working on a DNA storage project for using DNA instead of, say, hard drives for long-term storage. And so we had sort of the biological and chemical backgrounds for that as well as security expertise here.","Are there any good reasons to use this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) - What we try to do here is sort of look at emerging technologies and see if there are any security implications of those emerging technologies and try to get ahead of potential threats before they become actual threats."} +{"dialogue":["We're talking with Stephen Sestanovich, George F. Kennan senior fellow for Russian and Eurasian studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And Russia also faces some serious demographic issues, a dwindling population. The future does not look as rosy as it might have.","The demographic issue has been one that's preoccupied the Russian leadership for some years. There are moments where they seem to think that they - there's been an upturn in the birth rate. But broadly speaking, they're looking at a decline in the population of, you know, starting a decade or so ago, the population has dropped seven or eight million since the Soviet Union collapsed.","And we talked about the future with Vladimir Putin. What about the forgotten man, if you will, the interregnum president, Dmitry Medvedev?","Well, he is an interesting figure in Russian politics. A lot of people joke about him now. He's, well, humiliated really by what Putin did to him in taking his job away and saying, you know, let me drive now. The question is whether Medvedev, who is now going to be given the job of prime minister, will have any real clout in the ability to pursue the agenda that he has tried to make his own over the past four years, which is modernization, reform, ending corruption, reducing the role of the economy - of the state in the economy. Will he stick with those issues?Will he be able to push them through or will he just be a flunky of Putin?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Russia's population has been decreasing since the Soviet Union collapsed."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the French have the best intelligence and penetration of their communities in Europe. So there's going to be, as Eleanor said, a search for accomplices. The eight gunmen were killed. Seven of them blew themselves up with suicide belts, and one was shot. And Hollande restricted border access right away last night 'cause there's this concern that suspects or accomplices could escape. So this is actually exactly what happened during the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris earlier this year. You'll recall there was a gunman who took hostages in a kosher market. And police were searching for a woman that was with him. It turns out to be his wife. And as they were searching for her, she suddenly surfaced in Syria with ISIS. So they've put all these travel restrictions in place in hopes of avoiding a repeat of that.","Dina, France bristles with visible security. This is the second major attack in a year. What makes France this target?","Well, there's sort of a perfect storm going on in France. It's the third highest - it has the third highest number of foreign fighters who've gone to Syria from Europe. About 200 of those people have returned to France. And that's just too many people to keep an eye on. I mean, in fact, during the Charlie Hebdo attacks, they said one of the reasons why they stopped watching the Charlie Hebdo attackers was because they thought they had more severe threats that they needed to keep an eye on.","NPR's Dina Temple-Raston, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The French government is taking extra steps to ensure that any potential accomplices do not escape."} +{"dialogue":["They do but it's almost imperceptible. They're - they have pretty soft body for ants and unless they get you in a very sensitive part, you can't even feel it. But in fire ants - fire ants have a stinger so they sting. So that's what the painful part of a fire ant sting is.","What's the future of these guys?Do you think that they're going to populate the whole South?I mean is there any limit to their migration?","Well, there are several limits, and we don't know what a lot of them are yet. One very important limit in the short term is that they do - they don't have winged dispersal. So they don't send out ants - winged ants to form new colonies, which means their spread is quite slow over land, about 200 meters a year radially.","So the only way that they can colonize distant places is when people pick them up and move them, which unfortunately people do a lot. And they do it because these ants like to live in these pre-existing cavities, like flower pots or plywoods you left on the ground too long or old boxes. So that's one limitation to their spread. Others are that - are abiotic(ph) limitations like freeze tolerance and drought tolerance. And we don't know yet what those are for this species."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Fire ants are not ants of fire but they have a sting that feels like fire on the person."} +{"dialogue":["It is very unusual. So we found out in a backhanded sort of way and then called up the Pentagon to say - hey, is this true?Have you guys not released that money?Yeah, well, it is. Well, why?And they didn't have an answer to that question.","All right. So let me fast-forward us along on our timeline to August 30. You wrote a letter on that date to Mick Mulvaney, the head of the Office of Management and Budget - OMB - also acting White House chief of staff.","Yeah. We wanted to have as much force behind the letter as possible, so we did it in a bipartisan way with me and ranking member Thornberry, the ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee. We sent off the letter saying, you know, please release the money, and please tell us why you're holding it up.","Yeah, I've got this letter in front of me. It's straightforward, one page. (Reading) Please inform the committee why these funds are being held and when they will be released."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved."} +{"dialogue":["But your hands were cold?","Very cold.","That decision to try to turn around, you thought you could have summitted, but you might have endangered your hands?","I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The decision to turn back was a difficult one, but it was the right decision to protect your hands from potential damage."} +{"dialogue":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : ISIS crimes did not make some women lose confidence"} +{"dialogue":["Yes. In all three cases, she raised both significant, substantive problems with granting these people a security clearance relating to things like foreign influence, business conflicts of interest, personal conduct and so on. And then she raised very serious problems about what the process was. In fact, it sounded like she was trying to explain to her supervisor how the process worked. He could indeed overrule her, but he needed to write out an explanation of why and explain why the specific concerns that she raised were addressed by other factual evidence that he had available to him. Apparently none of that ever happened. And that's obviously a very dangerous breach in the protocol.","This whistleblower, Tricia Newbold - she spoke of at least 25 instances where the Personnel Security Office was overruled by more senior members of the administration. Is 25 a lot?Do you know?","Well, it seems like it's a lot historically. That's one of the things we wanted to determine.","It seems more frequent than the usual. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : This turn is not actually requesting a confidence score or any other numerical rating. Instead, it is a prompt for the person to provide their own interpretation or response to a previous statement or situation."} +{"dialogue":["OK.","OK. Palace Council?","Well, the term palace council in the title is left as a semi-mystery to the reader, but I'll give a bit of a clue. It's a clue to the structure of the conspiracy that Eddie and Aurelia spend the book trying to tease out. The conspiracy that I mentioned influenced the highest levels of American government. I kind of like the name, because the idea of a palace council is the advisors behind the throne, rather than the people exercising authority. And that's, of course, how the powerful families in this book see themselves.","Agony?","The term Agony in the novel is the name of a radical, left-underground group in the 1960s that blows things up. I made up the name, but not the idea. Eddie's sister, Junie (ph), disappears early in the novel, then turns up later on as a member of this radical, underground group, and Eddie spends most of the novel really trying to search for his sister. For him the conspiracy isn't central, for him his sister is central. Aurelia, my other protagonist, is trying to track down the conspiracy. Eddie runs into the conspiracy while trying to track down his sister."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Eddie's search for his sister is more important than the conspiracy"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Glenn Thrush is a highly respected journalist and it is an honor to have him join us."} +{"dialogue":["My pleasure.","Your Honor, take us back to your courtroom in 1999, when you convicted Mr. Kagan of murder. You're not saying that he didn't shoot Wavell Wint, are you?","No. I'm saying he shot him, I believe, in self-defense.","Well, a lot of eyewitnesses say that, of course, the gun belonged to Donald Kagan and they saw him brandishing that gun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently."} +{"dialogue":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The federal government relies on states to determine when to call for evacuations."} +{"dialogue":["I'm fine. How are you?","I'm doing great. So, you know, a lot of us, I think, frankly, almost all of us who are African-American, say, you know what, I need to, you know, each one teach one, lift somebody up, but when you're a judge, you have a very particular role, and it's a role where you are at somewhat of a remove, even though you're facing the defendants, you are not on the same level as them. How do you make sense of what Judge Arrington did?","I understand what Judge Arrington did completely. And I have to tell you why. Though we must be removed, we are nonetheless human. It is the easiest thing in the world to do, is to be removed if you don't care. But if you have the nerve to care, and if you see what we see on a daily basis, his humanity and his caring came together that day and made him do something clearly he shouldn't have done. He knows that. But it was an error of the heart that I find fully condonable.","So, what other ways, you know, you say that you approve of the sentiment, not necessarily of the execution. How else may he have gone about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch"} +{"dialogue":["And as we look ahead, these issues are going to be more and more significant, at least that's what the climate scientists tell us. How did it change to get it - make it more of a priority in people's opinions and in politics?","You know, there are various models of social change. One is the - what I call the Pearl Harbor model, where you have an event that changes everything. Sometimes its pressure is gradually building, an awareness building. I call that the Berlin Wall model where things keep building until - in the case of the Berlin Wall, it went down. And sometimes it's difficult to see those tipping points before you reach them. Almost by definition, tipping points are difficult to project and identify.","But my own sense says that we are moving toward a tipping point on the climate issue, and it's going to take a few more droughts like the one in the summer of 2012, an intense heat that greatly reduced the U. S. grain harvest. I think it reduced the corn harvest by close to 30 percent. Or storms unlike anything we've seen before. And then we'll begin to, at some point, realize that climate change is for real. That it's dangerous and it's costly and we need to be doing something about it.","Yet, you'd like to think that we could arrive at these kinds of decisions on a rational basis. Don't need a tremendous crisis to focus our attention."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics"} +{"dialogue":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Republican lawmakers recognize that not taking action on health care would have negative political consequences."} +{"dialogue":["To be honest, I don't trust Obama not a bit.","Why?","Because he keeps saying things which doesn't exist. And we were, as Arab countries, hoping when he was new elected that maybe he is a bit better than the former Bush. But it seems to be that every president come to the United States is not carrying on anything except what's help Israel, which it's their little tribe to be care.","What do you think a U. S. military strike might do on the ground?And I know you can't necessarily know where any bombs would fall, but how do you think that'll affect your life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Sure. I'm glad you mention that. So that is coming through subpoenas to the reporters to reveal the names of their sources. So it's not a direct prosecution of those reporters. But they are - you know, as you mentioned with Judith Miller, it can amount to jail time if the reporter refuses to testify.","So what's happening is that they are being called to testify in the case against the leakers. And when they refuse to do so, they're in contempt of court, and they may face jail time.","That's exactly right. And that is much more acceptable. I should add that under Attorney General Holder - after the James Risen subpoena where James Risen was told he had to testify and refused, the U. S. government did not push him to testify. They obtained a conviction anyway, and Holder shortly thereafter announced that, under his watch, no reporter would go to jail for doing his job. It remains to be seen whether that same policy would be in place under the Sessions Department of Justice. Everything he's said indicates that he will not follow that policy.","Meaning that he and the Trump administration may indeed prosecute journalists. We've heard Trump himself and other Republicans raising the possibility of prosecuting journalists. Do you think that there is - that that is a possibility?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Journalists may face jail time for refusing to testify against leakers."} +{"dialogue":["Quite a bit. They know nothing is going to happen unless Washington can help some way. That's why they want to hear the president come here and talk about people like them. And I guess I want to make it clear that nobody really wants a handout here. That's not what this is about. Nobody wants the president to come in and somehow bail out Elkhart. What we want is a chance to get back to work.","So, what is the big industry there?I've read that RVs are a big industry.","This place is commonly referred to as the RV capital of the world and, they build RVs; they build trailers; they build auto parts here. Basically, this is a place that makes stuff, and we can make virtually anything. And if this economy does shift to a green economy, if we start developing green energy sources, we can make the parts necessary to make that happen.","So, if you have a 60,000 population there and 16,000 people are out of work, that's nearly a third.","Mm-hmm. The county is bigger than 60,000, of course, and the county is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Nobody wants to be helped when they can help themselves."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","You introduced your own proposal based on an idea that you've called unilateral disarmament. Can you explain that?And I'm assuming it doesn't have anything to do with guns.","No, absolutely not. Democrats have used the term unilateral disarmament when it comes to redistricting a number of times. It seems more often than not that it's Democrats taking the mantle of reform and Republicans not following suit. And so I have proposed a bill - and I will be proposing it again this year - for a two-state compact between us and Virginia.","Maryland does have some issues with redistricting that we do need to solve, and we do want to put it to a truly independent commission to be able to draw those lines. But Virginia has the same problems in the opposite direction. And I think if you look across the map, I think there are more states that have a Republican redistricting problem than a Democratic one. And so my bill, in addition to creating an independent commission, also requires that before we implement, Virginia does, as well.","So basically, everyone has to drop their arms at the same time. I want to get to the crux of the matter, though. Let's talk about Maryland. Democrats have a huge advantage in the state, and they hold seven of the state's eight seats in Congress. Is that good for the people of your state?Can it really show their will?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not."} +{"dialogue":["Obviously, when I was at FreedomWorks, we weighed in in supported of Ted Cruz very early in his primary challenge in Texas. So I'm a big Ted Cruz fan. But I think the fundamental differences between what I would call Donald Trump's authoritarian tendencies - he's all about what he would do as president. And you never hear him talk about the Constitution, you never hear him talk about the Bill of Rights, you never hear about him and the rule of law. Whereas Ted Cruz wears that stuff on his sleeve.","How do you analyze Mr. Trump's rise?What do you think he's tapping into?","Well, there's two things going on. One is a clear sense of economic anxiety and the feeling amongst a lot of voters that the country's headed in the wrong direction combined with a sense that Washington doesn't really give a damn. The other thing that's going on, which I think is more fundamental and I think both Republicans and Democrats are struggling to understand this, is a transformational moment in politics. It's more disintermediated. The party bosses no longer get to decide who the choice is. And with the ability to drive your own message and organize your own get-out-the-vote machine without the party's blessing, all sorts of candidates have become competitive. Donald Trump is definitely part of that, although he's sort of the odd man out because he's more of a cult of personality.","Is he though, at the same time, tapping into some of the sentiment that you and the tea party began to raise?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Donald Trump's success is partly due to the ability of individuals to spread their message without the support of the political establishment."} +{"dialogue":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The levees are old and may not be able to withstand the water, causing people to evacuate."} +{"dialogue":["If Beijing could have its way, David, what do you think they would want to do with Hong Kong?What would they want from Hong Kong?","Well, we know they would like Hong Kong to basically focus on money and making money and not worry about politics at all. That was the model. I mean, it's a comparison that Beijing would hate. But the truth is they basically treat it like a colony. It used to be a British colony. It's now a colony of China. And like any well-behaved colony, you're meant to focus on getting rich, making money and not worry about politics.","And David, just briefly, what happens in 2047, 50 years after Britain hands Hong Kong back to China?What happens then?","Well, then the promise of one country, two systems falls away, but the truth is they're going to try and chip away as in all kinds of small and subtle ways before then. We're also going to see probably more mainland immigration into Hong Kong - would be one way of diluting Hong Kong's kind of will to resist. But let's not underestimate an amazing thing that happened. There is a piece of China that gets free press, that knows what's happening, that is allowed to protest - not allowed where I'm sitting in Beijing - and they said, no, and the government backed off. And that's an absolutely extraordinary thing that can only happen in Hong Kong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : China wants Hong Kong to focus on making money and ignore politics"} +{"dialogue":["'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.","Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?","Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?","The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Earlier this week, Deacon White was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. And yes, we know, you've never heard of him. White's career began in 1871, at the dawn of professional baseball. He played catcher in the days when catchers use no equipment at all: no glove, no pads, no facemask. They became heroes celebrated for their courage and their wits, and Deacon White stood out as one of the best.","Baseball historian Peter Morris serves on what used to be called the Veteran's Committee at Cooperstown. It's now called the Pre-Integration Era Committee. He's also the author of \"Catcher: How the Man Behind the Plate Became an American Folk Hero\" and joins us now from the studios at Michigan Radio in Ann Arbor. Good to have you with us today.","My pleasure to be here, Neal.","And in your book, you argue that the generation that came of age after the Civil War looked around for some heroes and found them behind home plate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The generation after the Civil War looked to catchers as heroes."} +{"dialogue":["I Hope I didn't butcher your name too much. I apologize if I did. This book delves deeply into all of the political powers struggles involved in the building of our nation's capital. Really briefly, first talk about how the capital was moved from Philadelphia to Washington.","Well, first, let's frame it a bit by way of saying that we got our capital on the Potomac River thanks to the politics of slavery and thanks to the hard physical labor of enslaved African-Americans in the 1790s. There was a terrific political battle in the early 1790s over where the nation's capital was going to be. Think of the United States as a - just a collection of little mini-states mostly at odds with each other and without any great unifying national symbol. The capital was supposed to be that unifying symbol.","Congress originally voted to place the capital in Pennsylvania, a free state in the north. However, as you can imagine, Southern slave owners were irate at the prospect of a free-state capital that would set freedom as the national paradigm. They lobbied very aggressively for a Southern capital. There were 32 different sites originally considered, but the capital wound up on the Potomac thanks to probably the country's first real backroom deal cut between Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.","Well, in fact, you talk a lot in the book about what you call corruption that surrounded the establishing of the capital where it was, and you mention, as you've just now done, that there were presidents involved - Jefferson, Washington, Madison and Hamilton. So how much was the corruption a part of this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They hope that the did not mispronounce the person's name too badly. "} +{"dialogue":["EDWARD O. WILSON: Always a pleasure to be with you, Ira.","Thank you very, very much. This is almost like advice to the lovelorn sort of book, it's advice to would-be scientists. Why did you write this?","Well, 42 years of teaching at Harvard qualified me, and I had learned lot about what brings students into science, whether as professionals or as part of their general education program, and what drives them away. And I saw a lot of the brightest young people, the most qualified, potentially, to be in science and technology turned away because at an early stage in their career at Harvard they were just afraid of mathematics, and they were afraid of the kind of rigors that one experiences in the usual portrayal of scientists as white coat people standing at the blackboard explaining complex equations and other ideas to rapt audiences.","Because you talk about your career and about your work with such passion in your book that I few people would know that a scientist could be as passionate and as successful about their work. And it seems like it's a necessary - or it's something like, almost like continuing to have a childlike curiosity about the world for your whole life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It seems like a book that gives advice that helps people get with the one they love, in this case, what they love."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?","Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.","And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.","Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Food is the most important think for each any every human."} +{"dialogue":["And a note, yesterday, on Weekend Edition Saturday, it was implied that WikiLeaks was the first to post the Macron documents. That's incorrect. For its part, WikiLeaks says it's trying to confirm their authenticity. To Nigeria next, where the government says Boko Haram has released 82 of the missing schoolgirls the group seized in a mass abduction three years ago. That kidnapping prompted global indignation and the creation of the high-profile Bring Back Our Girls campaign. NPR's Africa correspondent, Ofeibea Quist-Arcton is monitoring developments from Accra. Good morning.","Greetings.","Ofeibea, what more do you know?","President Muhammadu Buhari's spokesman has said that the release of these girls happened after mediation by the Swiss government and the International Red Cross. And it was like a prisoner swap, Lulu, because, apparently, Boko Haram detainees have been released. The presidential spokesman did not say how many but indicated that negotiations are continuing as the government has been saying over recent weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : WikiLeaks may not have been the first to post the Macron documents, but they are attempting to verify their authenticity."} +{"dialogue":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) Implied Meaning: Is there any pressure on President Kabila to step down or face consequences for his unconstitutional actions?"} +{"dialogue":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S. was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Southwest has bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today"} +{"dialogue":["It's a pleasure to be here. And I'm one of many people who are running the Dog Aging Project.","What do you folks hope to learn?","We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) - What do you folks hope to learn? - Implied Meaning: What is the purpose of your research?"} +{"dialogue":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason."} +{"dialogue":["Hi, Lulu.","All right. Do Democrats have a strategy here?","They thought they had one. Remember; the mantra before the election was that Trump's world would change because the House of Representatives would have subpoena power. But now we're finding out, what if they issued a subpoena and no one came?I don't think that the House anticipated that he would really stiff them across the board. And in some ways, the very idea of Congress holding oversight over the executive branch is being challenged.","So this is a combination of Bill Barr, the attorney general's, long-standing belief in a very strong executive. He really doesn't think Congress should be investigating the president. And that fits nicely with Trump's, really, lifelong instinct, which is if you're not fighting, you're losing. He also doesn't want the exposure and the optics of having Mueller testify before the cameras. And, of course, he has a career-long history of litigiousness - take his enemies to court, cost them some money and, above all, run out the clock.","All right, so what can the Democrats do then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"Run out the clock\" is not literal. There is no actual clock here, as in sports. Instead, it refers to delaying tactics where the \"clock\" would be the remainder of his time in office."} +{"dialogue":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The video game had a negative impact on the son's life."} +{"dialogue":["There are some conversations, some talks. Robert Townsend actually came to the opening, it was like, you know this is a movie, right?You know, this is a movie?You realize this is a movie?I'm like, yeah, I think it is, I think it is.","So, there's conversations about it, but I want people to come out now, and see it in this incarnation, because it's original story telling form. Very much John Leguizamo, I dance in the show, I become 15, 20 different characters, and I actually dip into some other guys. I actually look like the people when I do them. I actually have the elasticity to flip my face up, and be like, wait a minute, he kind of looks like a whole different human being now. The chameleon is here.","All right, on that note, Don, thanks so much.","Thank you so much. Everybody, come on out."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : John Leguizamo has the ability to transform into different characters during his performance."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, yeah. Everyone - everybody is family, and the tribe itself is very into, like, community dinners and community events and just kind of making sure that everybody is involved with stuff, so it was like one big, huge family.","(Singing) And I wake up. I love you, screaming loudly, screaming softly, too.","Katherine Paul now lives in Portland, Ore. , and she just released her second album as Black Belt Eagle Scout. It's called \"At The Party With My Brown Friends,\" and she told me that a lot of the music on the album has its origins in the music she heard on the reservation.","I guess I was just always surrounded by it. My family had a drum group called The Skagit Valley Singers, and we would host powwows. And I think for me, music is just a way of life. It's how we express ourselves. It's how we express our spirituality and how we live our culture."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Everyone in the tribe is very close-knit and treats each other like family."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly. It's just something that's very hard for a rancher to fight. So. . .","Hasn't the Endangered Species Act done a lot of good?","You know, in some instances, it has. And, you know, most ranchers don't want to see everything destroyed. You've got to understand also that a rancher is basically an endangered species. We're not as numerous as we used to be. And I think that ought to concern everybody involved because everybody seems to like to eat pretty well. So I think that's something that people want to remember.","Bill Kluck, sheep committee chairman of our R-Calf USA - and he's a rancher in South Dakota. Thanks so much for being with us, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Ranchers are not as abundant as they used to be."} +{"dialogue":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr. Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Mr. Morial wants to know what ideas would help bridge the gap between black citizens and police officers."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, I'll tell you, there is a recent study showing that when you do learning at night, you retain it better, and this may be why the bedtime story has survived the centuries and been such a beloved institution.","We actually are doing research ourselves. We did a small study last summer with Boys & Girls Clubs in New Jersey where the kids got a fun math problem every day, and we tested them before and after the six weeks. And while most kids slide two or three months in skills over the summer, we found that 72 percent of these kids actually did better. . .","Wow.",". . . at the end of the summer. So we're now doing a study with the University of Chicago for the next five years to see if we can pin down what's happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They want to find out what is happening not take a pin to it."} +{"dialogue":["As we started reporting on this, I mean, everyone in higher education seemed to say, like, yeah, it's a problem - we all knew that it was a problem for so long, and nothing has really changed the system, changed the culture. Could this be the moment?Or is there a feeling in the field of education that, I mean, it's just so entrenched that it's going to be very hard to change the system?","Well, I have seen a lot of conversations about kind of how do we get low-income students to kind of get into college?It's certainly renewed a conversation around legacy admissions, which is the system that gives extra points to students whose parents or siblings already attended a specific school. And there's also a renewed interest in schools that don't require the college entrance exams like the ACT or the SAT, though the College Board, the company behind the SAT, says using an outside assessment actually makes it harder to pull off fraud.","But even this idea of college as nonprofit status, like, should they have this if they're not really an open-access organization or serving the greater public?So these are kind of the things that I'm keeping an eye on, and we'll see what happens.","All right. Quite a story to follow. NPR education reporter Elissa Nadworny. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Legacy admissions and college entrance exams are unfair to low-income students."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly. He's betting on this, and he's No. 1 in the polls.","I gather you were a protester in 2011. Do you believe these democratic elections are going to come closer to realizing the dreams that brought you into the protest movement?","I'm not thinking that these elections in 2019 will change anything major. But on the grand scheme of things, we're showing to the people in the Arab world that they can be free. We are writing this beautiful story of an Arab Muslim country that is able to sustain its democracy, that has a president that died. And after 48 days from his passing, we're having the elections being prepared, as the constitution mentioned. We didn't see a single boot (ph) in the street, no gunshots - nothing - no coups.","And we need the U. S. and other allies to just realize that whatever we're doing here is a blueprint for the region as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They might bring the person closer to what they hoped for in their life."} +{"dialogue":["And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures.","And the idea that the rainforest of Central and South America - the soils were too poor to support major agriculture and large populations turns out to be a false idea. In fact, even in Amazonia, they're now realizing that these supposedly impenetrable jungles in Amazonia were, in fact, heavily settled by people in prehistoric times.","And they are remote today, but not too remote to be of interest to loggers."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The jungle was not virgin but was heavily settled."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Embassy guards don't provide overall security for the embassy compound"} +{"dialogue":["No. The Foreign Ministry spokesperson is not the final arbiter of all this. I think both countries do want to negotiate. The United States certainly does. And there are important actors within the Iranian political system that also do, including President Rouhani himself, who's been intrigued by the idea of negotiations with President Trump. Ultimately if they want to get out from under the sanctions, the only path out of that particular predicament is some kind of a negotiations between the two sides.","Do you think that the Trump administration is on to something when they say that a maximum pressure campaign will force Iran to the negotiating table?I mean, if you're saying Iran wants out from under these sanctions and negotiation's the way to get there, does that suggest the Trump administration is on the right track?","The maximum strategy of pressure has been tactically successful. It has put enormous pressure on Iran. It has even managed to slice Iran's oil exports - unlikely to get down to zero, but it will be close to zero. So at a tactical level, this certainly has been successful. And I think at the end of the day, it will probably press the Iranian government toward the negotiations. Now, what happens at those negotiations of course remains to be seen.","The other option is that it presses both sides to war, intentionally or unintentionally. Both sides say they don't want this. Iran's president restated that today. Do you think that war is a real risk here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Trump administration's strategy of maximum pressure may lead Iran to negotiate"} +{"dialogue":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes.It's a real experience.\""} +{"dialogue":["These processes are difficult, and the negotiations are hard. But the president, to his credit, has decided that this is something he's going to do. He's taken on probably the toughest foreign policy challenge he could find in the world and has decided to make it his own. Now he has to find a way to ensure that the North Koreans and our negotiators return to the table and can pick up the pieces here and try to find a way forward.","Do you think he's leaving mano-a-mano sensitive diplomacy to the past, and he's willing to let lower levels and - or even the secretary of state - ensure that there is some deal?","Well, you have to remember the Singapore summit in June is nearly seven months behind us right now. And I think that Secretary Pompeo and his special envoy have put in a lot of time and a lot of effort. These negotiations, as I noted, are tough. But they're not only tough because of the issues between North Korea and the United States.","They're also tough because of real differences here in the United States about what we can do and what we can accomplish and how it ties to our larger strategy of nonproliferation, nuclear nonproliferation, in the world - but also how it links to our alliance relationships with South Korea and Japan and emerging relationships with China, not to mention Russia, which is one of North Korea's neighbors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are not going to a table and picking up pieces but are actually just resuming conversations and trying to fix problems between them."} +{"dialogue":["Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?","The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.","That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another."} +{"dialogue":["I have no idea where my sister is. I heard my aunt was released from the distant relatives, but I have no information on my sister.","So do you have any sense of what their lives have been like in these camps that they were sent to?Do you know for sure that they were sent to camps?","I assume that they are in the camps because I hear many people - such as my sister, they are just disappearing. I don't know what kind of condition that my sister is being held. But I know the conditions of the camps. We have been talking to former detainees who's been released from these camps. People there facing forced indoctrinations, mental and physical abuses, forced to take unknown medicines, food and the sleep deprivations. The conditions are extremely bad.","I mean, it's not only the people who are in these camps whose lives have been affected by this crackdown by the Chinese government. It's also the lives of people who are just living in Xinjiang. Can you describe what daily life is like for them?","The people in the entire region is facing Orwellian-style-like police state. They are being monitored 24 hours a day. There are news reports that 1. 1 million Chinese cadres deployed to the Uighur homes to live with.","Officials who are just sitting there in the homes. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The entire region is under heavy surveillance by the Chinese government"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.","Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.","Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : second in line refers to who takes the place of a leader if they resign"} +{"dialogue":["It was fabulous. One of our friends at News & Notes, one of our folks from the Reporter's Roundtable, John Yearwood of the Miami Herald, arranged for us to get a private interview with the president of Senegal. And that was wonderful, and we're going to run that next week. He's involved in essentially trying to do some negotiations with the president of Sudan over Darfur and also talks about a lot of the ecological issues that's affecting west Africa. But the best part about it was that the initial part was - were students, and you have these student journalists in this room full of diplomats and you know, a lot of security, big presidential suite, and it was - there was a certain heaviness to the air and certain gravitas. The president speaks English, but sometimes he speaks French and has a translator. And just to see the lights on these students' faces, the student from NABJ and the other ethnic journalism association, that was extraordinary.","It sounds like it was quite something. And we will look forward to hearing that interview. One really quick question before I let you go, and that's when you have a room full of journalist, does anybody get a chance to talk or does everybody talk at the same time.","Everybody dances.","Farai, thanks for checking in. We'll see you back here next week. Oh, one more thing, Farai?Oh, she's gone. I wanted to wish her a happy birthday. We'll have to do that when she comes back. All right, that was News & Notes host Farai Chideya checking in with us from Chicago, Illinois."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Journalists tend to talk over each other in a room full of journalists"} +{"dialogue":["Well, again, these Italian researchers, the one who did the randomness stuff, looked at this and thought, we can write this up as a simple mathematical description. And they did, and it plays out in a simple way. And that's what led them to their paper in a physics journal that says, we're better off choosing politicians at random, because otherwise, we're all far too prey to this universal plague of stupidness.","That's - what better place to end it, Marc. Thank you very much. Marc Abrahams is editor. . .",". . . and co-founder of the Annals of Improbably Research. . .","Thank you, Ira."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : none"} +{"dialogue":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The rules of subpoenas work in favor of the executive."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite the court case, people can still enroll for insurance"} +{"dialogue":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Carlos Hernandez Vasquez was not given proper medical attention."} +{"dialogue":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S. has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation in Zimbabwe is bad and the US has imposed new sanctions against Mugabe's government."} +{"dialogue":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The polio virus can pass from humans to chimpanzees."} +{"dialogue":["Joining me now is Christoph Schott, who directed that report for Avaaz. He's on the line from Brussels. Hi, there.","Hi, there. Good to be here.","Good to have you with us. So give us some examples. What kind of things did you find?","We found a very, very large set of different type of content from actual disinformation. We saw, for example, a video of migrants destroying a police car, viewed 10 million times, when, actually, that was out of a movie - years old. And people kind of got a misrepresenting, like, picture of reality where they thought this type of content, both very hateful or, actually, outright lies, is very popular in the community. And that's what really concern us - that these disinformation networks out there share this content so far and wide so quickly that it reaches millions of millions of Europeans every single day.","Right. I mean, you found it was reaching people in Germany and Spain and France, Italy, the United Kingdom - all over Europe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Disinformation networks are spreading false and hateful content rapidly"} +{"dialogue":["Yes. And Stephanie says attendance more than doubled. She thinks lowering prices was a great business strategy for her. It might be good for others as well.","And Marilyn McFee(ph) is doing well in the downturn. She's a professional storyteller.","Maybe it's like mashed potatoes and apple cobbler, she writes. Storytelling is comfort entertainment.","She's been busy telling her stories at schools, libraries, even fundraisers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Marilyn is doing well while the economy is worsening."} +{"dialogue":["But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.","There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.","They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.","Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism."} +{"dialogue":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Hedging bets may not be a wise decision and the rebels may win. Regime may be wrong about the outcome"} +{"dialogue":["Yes, I - my mom has a cleaning company, and she cleans for a lawyer here locally. And once she started working there, it just turned into, like, a really big place. Like, it was not easy for her to do by herself, so. . .","You pitch in after school or on weekends or. . .","We took Sundays and sometimes Fridays to clean up the office, which was probably the best days for us because after church, we'd just head towards the office and clean.","And that all went to your quince fund."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted."} +{"dialogue":["Well, they all have different - they work differently, you know, in terms of the receptors they hit, in terms of how they're metabolized in our body and how they interact with our body's tissue. So each one is a very different animal in trying to attack.","Is this something that a drug company would be interested in developing, if you found some research or did some of the basic research?","I really wish it would, but I think a lot of big drug companies don't feel that drug addicts are a great investment. So they've kind of shied away from looking at therapies for addiction. I wish they would get more involved, that's for sure.","Well, what about something for an overdose?You don't have to be a drug addict to have an overdose."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved"} +{"dialogue":["Business casual, if you will.","Yes - something that would be your business suit. And then the casual part of it would be you can take the jacket off, and there's a short-sleeve, button-up shirt underneath.","There have been prototypes developed of these new uniforms. And they've made some adaptations from what the originals look like. Tell me about that.","So they started out with sort of just a straight jacket that kind of hit at the hip. And the feedback was that soldiers really wanted a slightly longer jacket, like, almost, you know, like, a little bit of a skirt coming out from the hip and then a belt. The belt was really important. So the latest update of that has the belt added."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The business suit has a casual element to it with a short-sleeved shirt."} +{"dialogue":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house."} +{"dialogue":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The success of the surge is debatable and may just be a change in metrics."} +{"dialogue":["U. S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo blamed Iran for the latest incidents and used strong language, calling them an attack on international peace and security as well as an assault on freedom of navigation. Iran maintains that it had no role in the explosions and called the U. S. accusations part of a campaign against Iran. And all of this is taking place as the Trump administration is hoping to pressure Iran for what it considers better terms after earlier pulling the U. S. out of the deal aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear campaign.","So in this moment of rising tension, we thought it would be helpful to get perspective from someone who's been involved in previous negotiations between the two nations. Gary Sick negotiated the agreement that ended the hostage crisis that began during the Carter administration. He's now a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Gary Sick, welcome. Thanks for joining us.","It's good to be with you.","How do you view what happened this week?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The U.S. blames Iran for the explosions, but Iran denies involvement and considers it part of a campaign against them."} +{"dialogue":["Immigration proponents hope that if we care as much about poor people outside the United States as we do about poor people inside the United States, we'll raise the level of care for both. We've seen, instead, as we have become more cosmopolitan in our sympathies, we've ended up caring as little for fellow Americans as for people everywhere.","It is precisely because we are not honoring our commitments and our promises and our obligations to our fellow Americans that I'm urging people to have a stronger sense of social solidarity. And the way you get that stronger sense of social solidarity is by making the meaning of Americanism stronger, and that means making it more of a national community. And communities have boundaries between themselves and the rest of the world.","You ground a lot of your argument, though, in white Americans' fears, really, about a country that's getting less white. So is limiting immigration the answer?I mean, doesn't that just play into those fears and then legitimize them?","I don't ground very much of my argument on that at all. What I ground my argument upon is a tendency of the human mind, perceived by psychologists in people of all backgrounds, to be stressed by rapid change."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : none"} +{"dialogue":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Talking about contempt might not be a wise strategy for Democrats."} +{"dialogue":["So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?","Do you really have to ask that question?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It's a well-known fact that the government doesn't report accurate numbers."} +{"dialogue":["Boy, melodrama going on, on the Washington football club whose team name I refuse to utter. Coach Shanahan benching Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season - good idea or. . .","Well, it's all part of a bigger power play. The big problem is the owner. The problem with the Redskins goes back to Daniel Snyder. He's worse than George Steinbrenner, worse than Marge Schott; worse than all of them. He's one of the worst owners that you could possibly have. When he started, he had past-prime players with Deion Sanders and Bruce Smith trying to make a splash.","We're about to run out of time. Not much time for many more worse, yes?","Awful. He's just bad."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Washington football team is in chaos due to their controversial name and the coach's decision to bench Robert Griffin III."} +{"dialogue":["And so the lament is that it's not a beacon for environmentalism, it's not a beacon for greater labor standards or labor protections, but it's something else?","Yeah. I mean, it has turned into this dystopian vision of tech, where, you know, a few people prosper, and everyone else gets kind of poverty wages. Users of the service get pretty good service but kind of at the cost of all of these drivers getting very little from the service, getting very little equity. I think it is a betrayal of what Silicon Valley, you know, said that it stood for, which is creating new ideas that are good for the world at large, not just, you know, a few hundred people on the West Coast.","You know, many would herald Uber as a great American success story, a testament to what capitalism can create - right?- jobs for millions of people in the U. S. and around the world. And its IPO will make a handful of people millionaires and even billionaires. Isn't that a good thing?","I mean, it's perhaps better than not having it, but I don't think it's fundamentally or sort of objectively a good thing. What would be better is if Uber was a smaller and less valuable company but that less value was sort of more equitably distributed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It would be better if the wealth created by Uber was distributed more equitably."} +{"dialogue":["Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.","Because that's really how \"Hey Mister DJ\" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.","Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?","You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The music played in clubs and on the radio has changed significantly over time"} +{"dialogue":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The protests in Hong Kong are not about gaining more democracy or freedom, but rather to protect what they currently have."} +{"dialogue":["He explained that that track was inspired by some of my darker paintings. And it certainly is a very, you know, intense piece. As the track goes on towards the end, you just hear a creaking sound. . .","SOUNDBITE OF TOR LUNDVALL AND JOHN B. MCLEMORE'S \"HIS DARKER PAINTINGS\")",". . . Which - I don't know if it's his door or some part of the house, but everyone in the podcast in S-Town, they were talking about, you know, sometimes you just sit around and listen to the creakings in this house. So it was pretty amazing to hear that in the recording, yeah. Well, John - yeah. John took his own life in 2015. When John sent me emails, you know, discussing his depression and his loneliness, I didn't want to preach to him, but I just encouraged him. I said, you know, I'm hoping you continue recording, you know, and working more on music. Again, I knew nothing about anything about him. I just thought it would help transform his feelings of loneliness into, you know, more of a content solitude, which is, you know, kind of easy to say but not always easy to do. So I didn't want to preach to him, but, you know, I saw a lot of promise in his music. So I did try to encourage that.","That was musician and painter Tor Lundvall talking about his new album, \"Tor Lundvall Presents: Witness Marks - The Works of John B. McLemore\"."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The creaking sound towards the end of the track adds to its intensity."} +{"dialogue":["You know, that's when you've really, really been out there a little too long. But that's kind of what it takes. If you want to try to shake eight million hands, you better be ready mentally as well as physically.","Mayor Bloomberg leaves office a national figure, and reportedly the 10th richest man in America. What's he want to do with the rest of his life?Do you have any inkling?","He's given some clues. I mean, one clue that he's given is that he wants to give away all of his money. That aside from taking care of his family, he wants to spend the last dollar on the day that he dies. And he probably doesn't mean that literally, but his pet causes, which are public health and gun control above all, he really has put quite a lot of money into trying to make sure those views are carried forward. And where this is all supposed to lead, assuming the White House is off-limits, is just not clear. But we do know that Mike Bloomberg would have loved to be president, and if ever a chance comes up in the next few years, he will probably take that shot.","Errol Louis, host of \"The Road to City Hall\" on NY1, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He will not take an actual shot but will try to become president if he gets the chance."} +{"dialogue":["He wanted two basic political reforms. The major one is called open primary electoral system. And essentially, what that means, instead of having Democrats run against Democrats and Republicans against Republicans in primary elections in the state, you would throw all of them into the mix and the top two vote-getters would advance to the general election. And the idea, if you believe proponents, is that it would allow kind of more moderate candidates to survive what are now hardest in the primary election. Instead, that you'll be catering to kind of a more moderate, wider electorate in the primary.","So, finally there is a budget. How has Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger reacted to this?","He hasn't said a whole lot yet, but his - I know that his staff is celebrating. This is a huge win for the governor. The framework is essentially what he's been calling for, for months. He's been urging both political parties to come out of their ideological corners. This has been his calling card for the past year, and if you look at the outline that he unveiled three months ago, this budget blueprint is essentially everything that he asked for. It's a major win for the governor.","And in his latest version of the budget, who were the big winners and losers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Open primary electoral system would help moderate candidates."} +{"dialogue":["In this piece, you write about a man named Jim Eggers, and he has bipolar disorder with psychotic tendencies. Could you tell us about his service animal?Her name is Sadie.","Yeah, Sadie is an African Grey parrot. So she's a pretty small parrot. And she rides around on his back in a backpack, a bright purple backpack, that he's had built around a cage. So, she's in a cage on his back, and he's pretty severely bipolar, and he has these psychotic tendencies, and he is often threatening to attack people or actually attacked people in past. And what Sadie does is she rides around his back, and she can actually sense when he's starting to get upset before he realizes it's even happening. And she'll say, it's OK, Jim. Calm down, Jim. I'm here, Jim. You're all right, Jim. And she'll just do this in a loop, and she'll talk him down.","According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, service animals are allowed to go wherever there are human owners are, but as you write, that's been causing some problems. What's been happening there?","People are just used to dogs. They don't associate parrots, horses, monkeys, ferrets, you know, ducks, goats with service animals. So, I think the reaction of a lot of business owners and the general public is often one of suspicion that you're sort of making it up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Sadie is not just a pet but a service animal for Jim's bipolar disorder"} +{"dialogue":["(Laughter).","And I said - I said, yeah, buddy, I'm everywhere.","He was a longtime customer of mine who hadn't realized that I had left the shop.","Well, what was the path from you looking into the hoods of cars to under the - into the insides of people?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He jokes to the person that he can be seen and found everywhere all the time."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr. Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The state is trying to make the best out of a bad situation by providing incentives to Carrier, even though it will still be shipping jobs to Mexico."} +{"dialogue":["But some people might want the extra three months of the nine months option. Just look through and see what's offered. And the other good thing is, this is not one of those negative option kind of options. At the end of the six months or nine months, they're not going to automatically enroll you into a plan in which you have to pay, because the six month is worth about 60 dollars and the nine month is about 115 dollars. So they will absolutely stop it, and you have to say, I want this back. But listen, for six or nine months you've got someone looking through your TransUnion credit file, so it's worth it.","You know, Michelle, what you're saying is anyone who has applied for credit, essentially in the last 20 years, any credit card, is eligible for this. There is a benefit, including maybe some cash, sitting there on the table. You can write in and get it. That's it?","That's it. That's exactly right. And you do have to register for it. It's not automatic, and you have to go to www. listclassaction. com. And once you go to the site, you click on the link for Register for Benefits. And then they will email you and tell you later when you can actually start getting the monitoring service.","We will link to you and to this website at our site, that's npr. org. Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist for the Washington Post and contributor to Day to Day. Michelle, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The offer is a good deal and worth considering."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : What evidence do you have that human intelligence is declining?"} +{"dialogue":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The town still has a strong connection to its agricultural and hunting heritage."} +{"dialogue":["Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I'm doing great. So, we survived the election and we keep on trucking. What are folks saying this week?","Well, as you can guess, we got several letters reacting to Senator Barack Obama's White House win. Here are a few responses we got on our web site. Alisha Brown wrote: Tonight I thank my dad for never being home as a kid because he was always gone registering people to vote. White people have no idea what the kids of civil rights leaders feel right now.","Then Diana McClone(ph) chimed in on a Web discussion about Senator Obama's racial identity to say this: I don't care if the person I voted for is green with polka dots and three eyes. So long as they convince me that they have the better plan for our country, they have my vote."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Diana McClone believes that policy is more important than the candidate's appearance."} +{"dialogue":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He was happy to attend the talk show"} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for having me.","John Hinckley's been undergoing treatment for more than 30 years and people who've worked with him say he isn't the same man who shot President Reagan and doesn't pose the same threat he did in1981. Why are you skeptical?","Well, he has had a pattern of being deceptive. Not too long ago, on one of his outings, he told the hospital that he was going to a movie. And the Secret Service agents who were trailing him saw that he was at a library looking at books on my father and also looking at presidential assassins. The diagnosis for him is narcissistic personality disorder, which is incurable. So one of the ideas that's being presented by his doctors and by his attorney, Barry Levine, is that he hasn't done anything violent in the last 30 years. This makes no sense to me whatsoever. You know, that's like saying there's an expiration date on violent tendencies. He's 59. He has time to do something else. He planned that shooting for quite a while before he did it.","But he's been in Saint Elizabeths a long time, longer than maybe if he'd shot someone who wasn't beloved around the world and a household name."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : John Hinckley may have been in Saint Elizabeths for a longer time than if he had shot someone less famous."} +{"dialogue":["I do. I hope I give them - my songs give them a reason to wake up, you know, and think about what is going on in the world. And hopefully they resonate with the audience, the people who are hearing them. I've always hoped from the time we started singing the freedom songs that our songs - was singing them to make a difference. You know, make a better place. Help somebody instead of hurting somebody. You know, so much we could do to make it better.","Well, it's such a delight to speak with you again. I am so excited that I get the chance to talk with you about this new album. You know I'm going to put you on the spot and ask you if you have a favorite.","All of these songs, Michel. I love every one. But I do love \"Heavy On My Mind. \"","(Singing) We did everything we could to slow this world down. Now my love is in the ground."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The songs that I sing have a message that can inspire change in the world."} +{"dialogue":["So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.","And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.","You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .","Yeah.","Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The new administration has made efforts to increase access to broadband in rural areas. The White House infrastructure and technology were outdated and in need of upgrades."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning.","Jason, there's still no power on much of the island, which is astounding. It's five weeks now. What is it like?What have you seen to undertake a recovery from a hurricane when you still don't have power?","And part of what is crazy is it's not just Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Irma came through here two weeks before that. So there's some people who've been almost two months without power. But people are making an effort. They're out there. I see people, you know, cleaning up by hand. People are out there with hand tools trying to, you know, cut 2-by-4's to rebuild things when, you know, they don't have power tools. You've got people who are living in high-rises. It's kind of amazing sometimes walking around at night here in San Juan. You got these tall buildings. And you'll just see some candles flickering in the - and that's the only light in this entire high-rise.","I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Jason is frustrated and surprised by the length of time it is taking to restore power after the hurricane."} +{"dialogue":["It could be any number of things, Scott. It - there was a sidebar that, as you know, was sealed. In other words, the conversation was not made public. Could be something related to a witness scheduling issue. It could be something related to an issue that the government and the defense jointly need to work out. Could be any number of things.","I raise this because, of course, the judge has gotten a lot of attention for being tough on the prosecution. He even apologized for being too sharp. You've appeared before Judge Ellis.","Many times.","Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed."} +{"dialogue":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Madeleine Brand. Iraqi forces took control of Baghdad's Green Zone today. Iraq's leaders celebrated the moment, saying the country's sovereignty has been returned six years after U. S. forces invaded and toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein.","Army Captain Nate Rawlings is here from Baghdad. He's with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division. He's a regular contributor to Day to Day. Happy New Year, Nate.","Happy New Year to you, Madeleine.","Thank you. Well, so how do soldiers there in Iraq - how do they mark the new year?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The fact that Nate is a regular contributor to the show is acknowledged"} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. That is something that needs to be considered carefully for Senator Coleman. He's a relatively young man, very successful politician from his time as a mayor of St. Paul to his time in the Senate, and there's a lot of rhetoric from his legal team right now. But who knows?Once this looks like it starts to get being wrapped up, the senator himself may decide that it's not politically advantageous for him to drag this into a courtroom.","If Norm Coleman were to do that, to say, well, I won't fight it any farther, isn't he in a way disenfranchising and disappointing, to say the least, the people who voted for him?","Well, I suppose that's a risk he would have to take. I think, though, that you look at this numbers, this is so close right now, and that, at some point, somebody's going to have to take that Senate seat. And if Senator Coleman looks at it and decides that this is not going to behoove him, it's not going to further his political career to fight this in court, he might make that decision. And his supporters might be happy that he leaves himself potentially better positioned for another job down the road, maybe the governor of Minnesota or something.","New York Senator Charles Schumer said yesterday that Franken had already won the election. Until recently, Schumer was the head of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. Does that sort of open declaration carry weight there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court."} +{"dialogue":["Well, about five years ago, when we started the project, it was actually the internal project name, and we had a series of scientists and engineers trying to think about how we could make glass tougher, more resistant to damage. And someone in the room just threw it out and said gorilla, and it stuck, and it became the product name.","And tell us about the history. Wasn't Corning experimenting with a super-tough glass back in the '60s?","Yeah, we sure were. Back in the early '60s, we had a product that we actually launched called Chemcor. The basic principles of trying to strengthen glass were the same, but we were targeting different applications to include automotive and safety glasses.","And so why is it not in automotive and safety glass?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The name 'gorilla' was not related to gorillas at all."} +{"dialogue":["Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire.","Definitely.","And an entrepreneur, multimedia business owner. Nonetheless, if you are that good at something, it's got to sting a little bit, doesn't it?","See, I don't think it does. I think that Oprah is at a point in her career and in her life where she's done what she wants to do. I think that that's why she felt comfortable coming out for Obama, because I think she understood that that might affect her ratings. I think, she felt like, you know what?This - I've succeeded far beyond anybody's expectations, so now I can take a stand and take the hit, if there is one to come. So, I think she's fine with it. I think she is looking forward to her next, you know, sort of you know, plateau, on, like, where she goes from here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Oprah can retire or step down from her current position or role as a successful entrepreneur and multimedia business owner, and still maintain her status as a billionaire."} +{"dialogue":["Well, he's got two possibilities here. These tariffs go up on Friday. Both the U. S. and the Chinese economy would feel the pain. Markets would respond. And here in China, the timing is not great. China's growth is slowing. The government has stepped in with stimulus to try and cushion the blow. And higher tariffs would put more pressure on China's financial system. That said, the notion of Xi Jinping standing up to an American president plays into this carefully crafted aura of him inside of China as this strongman leader who's willing to fight back against China's biggest global rival. So it could play in his favor.","Now, one thing that has not been on the table during these trade talks is China's interment of millions of Chinese Muslims - Uighurs - something that has concerned human rights groups here in the U. S. Do you think that there's any chance that this human rights concern will be addressed during these trade talks?","Well, it certainly doesn't seem like it. The State Department has ratcheted up its criticism of China on this issue, but the Commerce Department and the U. S. trade representative who are handling the trade negotiations don't seem receptive to having this issue be a part of the talks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo did seem to separate the two issues in an interview on \"Face The Nation\" on Sunday, saying the administration has to do more than one thing at a time.","And you were just in Xinjiang last week, right?Tell us what you saw there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The US government is not willing to include human rights concerns in trade negotiations with China"} +{"dialogue":["Right. And it's because of a change in the law post-9\/11 that made - that gave the State Department the ability to designate specific terrorist groups. And once that group was designated, they fell under the Patriot Act. And we could investigate - the FBI could investigate specifically individuals both in the United States and overseas that were involved in any kind of transactional or transnational terrorism events with more - a greater ability, I guess, to utilize the techniques available to us.","So what can be done?I mean, are there changes that can be made in the law that might help prevent an attack like the one we saw in El Paso?","Well, there are a lot of laws that apply right now to domestic terrorism, but most of them are state laws. They're not federal laws. There is no federal murder statute, for example, unless you are a federal official of some sort and you are murdered or there's an attempted murder on you. So the El Paso case, for example, is probably going to be prosecuted as a local homicide case of 20 counts of homicide, 22, however many victims we have, by the local DA. It's not a federal case. At this point, the FBI is kind of peripherally assisting that investigation. But they're not specifically involved in or going to be involved in the prosecution. Now. . .","Could the law change?I mean, could Congress pass a law that says that an act like this, when you kill this many people, is a federal crime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Congress could pass a law to make an act that results in the death of multiple people a federal crime"} +{"dialogue":["Treasury will decide whether the auto industry deserves this $17. 4 billion in bailout funds, whether or not that loan should be called in or extended. What will happen between now and then?","Two things have to happen. First, the Treasury and the Obama administration have to make some key decisions about what a viable automaker looks like and whether GM or Chrysler fit that profile. There's a lot of debate about in a market of 10 million vehicles a year in the United States whether there's enough room for both of these companies to survive. On the other side, the automakers have to show that they're making progress on their plans.","We know that they're probably going to announce some deep job cuts and plant closures tomorrow. They have to make some more progress with bond holders, with suppliers, and dealers. There's a lot of moving pieces that keep going in through March 31st. And by that time, it's possible we'll have to see some very key decisions made.","Justine Hyde covers the auto industry for the Detroit Free Press. Thank you, Justin."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : 'Moving pieces' is not literal. They're not talking about game pieces, but about the situation being complex with a lot of factors involved."} +{"dialogue":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr. Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants."} +{"dialogue":["It's really - it's really unlike any other church in the city and, you know, very, very few in Europe. It's not simply a church. It's almost like stepping into a kind of medieval marketplace inside. It's enormous. It's - there's always a hurly burly. And there's always a - you know, numerous things going on in there.","Well, now, we were seeing reports that officials are saying the fire might be connected to the renovation work going on in there. You've reported on the renovations for Time. What kind of shape was the cathedral in before this fire?","Well, you know, for years they have been saying that the church was in terrible shape. And in fact, church officials had taken me up onto the roof not that long ago, when I was reporting this for Time, to show me how pieces of the building were simply dropping off. They described the gargoyles, the medieval faces on the side of the church, as being like ice cream melting in the sun. They would simply, like, drop away. The church had no money to replace them or restore them. And so they were using, like, PVC pipes to just, you know, stick on the side of the walls where the gargoyles had been. And. . .","Oh, my goodness, wow. I mean, Notre Dame is one of the most iconic symbols of Paris. Can you talk about the cultural significance of this cathedral for France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The cathedral was in poor condition before the fire due to lack of funding for maintenance and restoration."} +{"dialogue":["So about a year ago, they were ousted by the Ethiopian invasion. And since then, there has been a gorilla war that's been going on that has left most of Somalia in constant turmoil.","Is it a forgotten crisis?","I'd say yes, for the most part, that it is. And it's forgotten at least in the United States because there is not the direct involvement of U. S. troops. There is indirect U. S. involvement, absolutely. But the \u2014 but when the, you notice very often in the U. S. media that when no one from the United States is dying, a situation is not declared to be a crisis. And so in Somalia, it's the people of Somalia, as well as Ethiopian troops, that are dying, and therefore it's not on our screen.","One more thing about Somalia before we move on, talking about a split there, potential split. The Bush administration and some members of Congress are considering whether to recognize Somaliland. Tell us about that, and what concerns do you have?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation in Somalia is not receiving the attention it deserves."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I am, and I have been watching it this morning. There's video of water rolling over the top of a levee.","That's Industrial Canal in New Orleans.","That's right. Still, wouldn't that make you a little anxious?","Well, it would, but our reporting systems we have, we have monitoring systems throughout the parish on our levees, on our drainage canals, on our pumping stations. Right now all of them are reporting well below flood stages."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place."} +{"dialogue":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Emotions are not just a mental state but have a physical aspect to them."} +{"dialogue":["It's the gear for your grinds video.","The coffee decoder series.","And with some very surprising results. Thank you, Flora.","Thanks, Ira."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It's a video about what to use to make coffee with your coffee bean grounds."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is a lack of new soul music that can become classics in the future."} +{"dialogue":["So you're comparing yourself in this book to a great revolutionary. And in this book you write: Almost 30 years ago, I tried to write a book I hoped might free my brother from a life sentence in the penitentiary. Everything written after that book - and basically didn't work - everything written after that book worked even less. Are you upset that words can't change more?","Well, I'm upset, and I also know better than to think that they really can. What words change - the power of words is to change the individual's sensibility, to change the individual conscience. And every now and again, there are words which allied or aligned with politics and good luck and external conditions in the world. There are words and phrases and slogans that really can manifest change.","What specifically - if you had to pick a phrase from him, what would it be?","It would be: Make of me a man who questions. Make of me a man who questions. And I would certainly put that on a T-shirt and wear it around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Words have limited power to change the world, but they can change individuals."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I mean, you know, I've been all over places talking about this because clearly as a scientist who understands the peer review literature and the president of the AMS, who recently released a 2012 climate change statement, I know that climate change is an issue and there are things that we need to be concerned about with human-caused climate change and the natural climate change.","But on tornados, the peer review literature is just not very mature on this right now. It's much more mature on the link between climate change and drought or heat waves or even the intensity of rainfall, and even more so as well on hurricanes in terms of the intensity of hurricanes, perhaps, increasing in the future. And if I were to cascade along that spectrum, scientific literature relating individual tornadic occurrence in climate change is very immature at this point","I think we have to be careful on that jump, although I know there's a tendency to do it. There is great deal of research ongoing right now at places like Purdue University or even by one of our doctoral students, Victo Gensini, here at the University of Georgia, looking at climate change and the type of environment that might emerge that could support, you know, tornadic storms, wind shear profiles that Jeff Trapp and others at Purdue have been doing this work as well. So that's sort of where we are, and I think we just have to be very careful on sort of causality for individual tornadic storms.","And that's where we have to leave it. Thank you for joining us today, Dr. Shepherd."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : On tornadoes there is not a lot of peer review literature to read. There are more articles and studies on climate change and drought and other things. If the person were to glance at articles in those areas he would still find very few on tornadic activity."} +{"dialogue":["Yes.",". . . Following the election in 2000, when - and I'm sure the news industry was part of it.","(Laughter).","A lot of people said, how can the greatest country in the - you know, you can go to an ATM and get $200. Why can't we have a sleek, electronic voting system in this country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The news industry was partly responsible for the controversy surrounding the 2000 election and its aftermath, as people questioned why the U.S. had not adopted a more efficient and reliable voting system."} +{"dialogue":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The woman's job with Interpol put her in a position to identify Karodzic but she failed to recognize him."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : To be truly brilliant, a blunder must lead to a real breakthrough."} +{"dialogue":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W. Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate."} +{"dialogue":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Staycation is a vacation taken close to home."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I can imagine.",". . . run me out of the lab on a rail. But they were delighted. They were so imaginative and they were so - well, they're both fiction readers, which helps, so they understand what literature can do, that it's symbolic and how you can sort of tell the truth in a fictional way.","So they - we just have a great time. We spent hours in conversation about this. If it did happen, then what would be the reasons?You know, we sort of backed up and had all of these hypothesis and, you know, Dr. Brower was even saying, oh, and there's another species of milkweed, and if that range shifted a little too - so we were really - they were very enthusiastically helping me create this imaginary world, which gave me a lot of confidence in the final manuscript because they vetted it for me and they made sure that every degree of temperature was accurate and all the equipment used by the scientists in this novel were, you know, I haven't positioned them upside down. You know, everything, every detail has to be right.","So I really appreciate, not just Dr. Brower and Dr. Fink, but all of the scientists who have done a lot of work on monarchs that I relied - on which I relied to get my facts straight."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The scientists didn't actually run me out of the lab, but were very supportive."} +{"dialogue":["Sarah M. Broom grew up in a yellow house in New Orleans East, 10 minutes from the French Quarter, the youngest of 12 children. The house was bought by her mother in 1961 and grew into something more than the family's home. It became its hearth and its center. But like many places in New Orleans, the earth below it was already sinking years before Hurricane Katrina hit.","The ground was fragile. And of course, that fragility is the thing I picked up on as a child when we were playing hide-and-go-seek, when we were playing ball in the yard, you know, we came up with all of these stories about the danger of the ground. And that becomes the thing that, in a way, haunts me.","Sarah M. Broom's debut book is called \"The Yellow House,\" and it's a memoir of a place that was hard in many ways but also indelible in the history of her family.","It was a house that I loved deeply, in fact. And I say that because I feel it's impossible to love any place, and to truly love it, to truly see it for what it is, without taking in all of its complexities and its nuances. And I also feel that way, by the way, about America, which I love deeply and am always interrogating, right?So the house created such complexity of emotion for me because it was the place my mother bought. And the house, at some point, really was in disrepair. It was falling down all around us. And even in those moments, my mother was always trying to fix it back up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The home became where the family would all get together at and where they felt the most love."} +{"dialogue":["But some of the people you were just talking about are format breakers, who are a little bit of R&B, some soul. They pull back from influences from the past but they put their own stamp on it. Sonia, what do you like right now coming out of Atlanta?What are some of your favorites?","You know, I liked hearing the bumper music that you guys are playing in between - those are current songs, but when I think about - well, you know, first it was Goodie Mob and the \"Cell Therapy. \"So, I was thinking about what Cee-Lo is doing now is part of Gnarls Barkley.","As a songwriter, when you think about it, this guy wrote \"Don't You\" for the Pussycat Dolls, turned around and that is a big commercial. I mean, this guy is an incredible talent. The album that he's put out now with Gnarls Barkley is good. I can't wait to hear what TI's going to say, now that he has been through what he has been through.","I'm a big TI fan. I am still a bit OutKast fan. You look at OutKast, just completed their ballet this past weekend. I mean, these people are looking at the music as just kind of a launching pad into a lot of different mediums and you can't help but be proud to see such talent being recognized and explored in so many different mediums."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : TI has faced some challenges but people still look forward to his music"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.","(Singing)","In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it","This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S. in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?","I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.","But you came over so young."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It's important to receive feedback even if it's not always positive."} +{"dialogue":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : New residents with money are contributing to cultural institutions."} +{"dialogue":["We wanted to learn more about all this, so we've called on Daniel Fessler. He is a professor of anthropology at UCLA, and he is the inaugural director of the Bedari Kindness Institute. And he's with us now. Professor Fessler, thank you so much for talking to us.","Well, thank you for your interest. I'm happy to be here.","I was just looking at your bio, and you say in your own bio - your own university bio that when your colleagues talk about your work, they politely call it eclectic. And I took that to mean that your work is hard to categorize. So I just wanted to ask, you know, how - what is your work, and how does it translate into this task of creating this kindness institute?","So it is indeed eclectic, broad-ranging, you might say. I'm an evolutionary anthropologist. And, in particular, I work on understanding contemporary human behavior, contemporary human health and how the mind works in the contemporary world in light of our species' long history of evolution. And in terms of kindness, an important feature of our species is that we are perhaps the most cooperative animal on the planet. So in no other species do you see cooperation between large numbers of unrelated individuals, or even, in many species, tolerance of large numbers of unrelated individuals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and\/or expect."} +{"dialogue":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Eastern Congo is a dangerous place due to rebel armies and ethnic killings"} +{"dialogue":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The college president is worried about students' financial struggles."} +{"dialogue":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : We are the reason that there is an economy. We've been buying things with our Visa cards without a care. When we stop doing that the economy is going to go down."} +{"dialogue":["All right, so how did it feel in those moments after the race?Take us there.","Picture this. There are about 150,000 people at Churchill Downs rooting for this race, plus millions more watching at home. But from the vantage point of the people in the stands, all they see are the pink silks of Maximum Security's jockey pulling out ahead and crossing the finish line on a muddy track. So first, there was cheering. I mean, Maximum Security was the favorite to win, and a lot of people were betting on that horse.","Then there was 20 minutes of confusion. You have the objection. You had these unofficial results on the board, saying that Maximum Security won. You have people trying to cash in their tickets at the betting windows. Other people are leaving not knowing who won. And in the press room, we were just sitting there stunned, waiting for the official call.","Why did racing officials disqualify Maximum Security?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It wasn't the pink silks that won but the horse and jockey wearing them."} +{"dialogue":["No. And the thing is that this book, to me, it was very important that it's not just a bunch of recipes put in a nice book. It's also really a document of food culture. And I think that out of those 700 or something recipes that are in the book, there are probably at least 50 of them that I doubt that anyone is actually going to cook. But they're still really important because they explain something about food culture, you know.","Yeah. And, I mean, I'm just guessing - blood pancakes with smoked reindeer fat makes the point that the Sami people, living in arduous circumstances, have to make use of every part of the reindeer.","It does, you know. It tells that story in a really, really clear and very good way.","If we were to say - chef, could you make us one recipe from this book, what might you try?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The book contains more than just recipes - it is also a way to gain insight into and appreciate the culture and history of the cuisine."} +{"dialogue":["That's a harsh statement. I mean, you know, some of us were expecting - I mean because this is a very delicate matter for Barack Obama. On the one hand he wants to keep those civil rights establishment figures behind him, supporting him throughout this general election period, but at the same time he knows well that if he can create a little bit of distance with Jesse Jackson, he may be able to pull on more moderate Democrats, white and black, and maybe even some moderate Republicans.","But Jesse Jackson, Jr. seems to have taken the lead and seems particularly angry and personally offended by what his father had done. And it suggests that the relationship there is somewhat fractured as well.","Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The press misunderstood Jackson's comment as emasculation, but it was actually more severe"} +{"dialogue":["But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.","But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.","It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.","Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Our bodies leave a mark on everything we touch."} +{"dialogue":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Power Five conferences win all the trophies and make a lot of money."} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, I'm Farai Chideya. For Wednesday, February 13th, this is News and Notes.","From NPR News, This s News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. The White House race only gets hotter, especially if you're John McCain. Yesterday the Arizona Senator picked up the Potomac primary wins in Washington, D. C. and Maryland. He also took Virginia, where Mike Huckabee put up a good fight. The victories are edging McCain closer to the GOP candidate seat, and as for the Democrats, yesterday was all Barack Obama. He swept the Potomac Primaries and stacked up key delegate points. Joining me now to sort through the numbers is Ron Elving. He's NPR's senior Washington editor. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Farai.","So how many delegates did McCain pick up?","McCain picked up a little over a hundred, possibly as many as 113, depending on how they sort out Maryland. But he got everything in Virginia, all 30 delegates, despite the fact he only won by nine percentage points. That's the way the Republican rules work. You can win certain winner take all states, no matter what your plurality or majority may be, you get all the delegates. So he did that in Virginia and the District of Columbia and he'll get virtually all of the delegates in Maryland. So he picked up somewhere between 100 and 113 delegates. It puts him pretty much out of sight. He's got more than three times as many as Mike Huckabee."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : McCain has a significant lead over Mike Huckabee in terms of delegate count."} +{"dialogue":["There are laws that do govern whether the - whether U. S. individuals can serve as officers, can enlist in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if they're ever enforced and what the penalties really are because of various Supreme Court decisions. You've seen how Americans have served in the French - well, I've mentioned French Foreign Legion in the article, the Israeli Defense Forces. And these are not mercenaries.","A lot of Americans enlisted in the British Army during World War II.","Sure, right. And these are not - you wouldn't call them mercenaries. But I don't know that there's a distinction if you then join a foreign military just for the money. Now - and by the way, this doesn't apply to people who join ISIS or the Taliban or somebody who fights against the U. S. or a U. S. ally.","That really is against the law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It's possible for U.S. individuals to serve in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if there are consequences for doing so"} +{"dialogue":["Yes.","What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.","Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.","So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Finding success in the New York theater world is difficult."} +{"dialogue":["And some news from the art world now. The secretive artist Banksy is known for the political street art he paints in cities around the world. On Friday night, one of his paintings of a small girl and a heart-shaped red balloon just out of reach went to auction at Sotheby's in London and sold for almost $1. 4 million. But the room and, presumably, the painting's anonymous buyer were in for a surprise. I asked New York magazine's art critic Jerry Saltz to explain.","As it was being sold, and the hammer went down over $1 million, suddenly, it started to rumble and buzz, and the canvas sort of disappeared down into the frame and came out beneath it shredded. It was fantastic.","What was the reaction?","Well, I think people were horrified, amazed, shocked. The market is such a kind of dumb organism. People in the market buy what other people in the market buy. And suddenly, one of the things they are buying changed. So he pranked them. Maybe it is only a prank, but, God, it felt good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The market is not the organism but the people that buy and sell are the organism."} +{"dialogue":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : not crime that deals with clothing or white shirt collars, but non-violent crime involving corruption or fraud; blue-collar does not refer to clothing but jobs that involve more labor and movement"} +{"dialogue":[". . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.","Why do you think this is happening now?","What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.","If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country."} +{"dialogue":["Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.","Meaning having to shut an entire campus.","We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.","What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Closing an entire campus is one possible consequence."} +{"dialogue":["What can Americans learn from 18 years of war?That's what the U. S. has faced since the 9\/11 attacks in 2001. James Mattis was in position to learn. The Marine veteran served in Afghanistan and Iraq and was defense secretary under President Trump until he resigned. Mattis has a memoir - \"Call Sign Chaos. \"He avoids direct criticism of the president. When we spoke yesterday, we asked if the president thinks long term, and Mattis said only that people around him do. The general describes his own detailed planning. Before leading a force into Iraq in 2003, he read thousands of years of history of Alexander the Great and others who invaded that region before him.","What could a multi-thousand-year-old battle teach you that would be relevant in the 21st century?","Well, there's enduring aspects of leadership, and plus geography doesn't change. And so when you read about the challenges they faced, it gets you thinking about your own. I knew we were going to be operating very deep inside the Middle East, and I had to decide what was the right manner in which I wanted the troops to go in. So I used words from antiquity. From a Roman general, I used no better friend, no worse enemy. We were going in to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam. We were not going in to dominate them. I didn't want triumphalism. I wanted to go in with a sense of first do no harm.","So you read thousands of pages and then tried to boil it down to a few phrases, or in some cases even a word, that you could pass on to thousands of people."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Studying history helps to make better decisions in the present."} +{"dialogue":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects people from all walks of life."} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, I'm Farai Chideya. For Wednesday, February 13th, this is News and Notes.","From NPR News, This s News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. The White House race only gets hotter, especially if you're John McCain. Yesterday the Arizona Senator picked up the Potomac primary wins in Washington, D. C. and Maryland. He also took Virginia, where Mike Huckabee put up a good fight. The victories are edging McCain closer to the GOP candidate seat, and as for the Democrats, yesterday was all Barack Obama. He swept the Potomac Primaries and stacked up key delegate points. Joining me now to sort through the numbers is Ron Elving. He's NPR's senior Washington editor. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Farai.","So how many delegates did McCain pick up?","McCain picked up a little over a hundred, possibly as many as 113, depending on how they sort out Maryland. But he got everything in Virginia, all 30 delegates, despite the fact he only won by nine percentage points. That's the way the Republican rules work. You can win certain winner take all states, no matter what your plurality or majority may be, you get all the delegates. So he did that in Virginia and the District of Columbia and he'll get virtually all of the delegates in Maryland. So he picked up somewhere between 100 and 113 delegates. It puts him pretty much out of sight. He's got more than three times as many as Mike Huckabee."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : John McCain is doing well in the Republican primaries."} +{"dialogue":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The mention of the Srebrenica massacre and the potential consequences for war criminals serves as a reminder that such heinous acts can lead to future accountability, even if justice is delayed."} +{"dialogue":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Karodzic's brother's use of the SIM card was the final piece of evidence needed to identify him."} +{"dialogue":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W. Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead."} +{"dialogue":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It is difficult to provide three meals a day with $1.75, and sheriffs can keep the leftover money for personal use"} +{"dialogue":["Well, as you say, an assistive technology, other robotics to make people able to be more on their own. But I imagine that somewhere down the line, you'd like to be able to rejuvenate the arm itself, would you not?","Yeah, exactly. I think for people with locked-in syndrome, such as the two participants in the study - that is, no functional movement of their limbs and unable to speak - a comparatively simpler goal and one that we've published some work on over the past few years would be the simple control of a computer cursor on a screen.","And if one could provide point-and-click control over a cursor 24 hours a day, seven days a week, that would certainly be a useful assistive technology for somebody with severely limited communication.","But just as you said, for somebody with paralysis, somebody who's unable to move their arms and their legs, the real dream for the research is to one day reconnect brain to limb, to take those signals out of the brain, to root them back down to the peripheral nerves in the arm, to stimulate those nerves and to have somebody use their own arm and hand to pick up that coffee again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Providing 24\/7 control of a computer cursor on a screen would greatly improve the quality of life for people with limited communication abilities."} +{"dialogue":["And based on your experience, Ms. Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K. and Germany want to be different than U. S. policy in this regard?","Right now is the period of true testing of exactly that question. How independent do they want their foreign policy to be, given that there's a long-standing, close relationship between trans-Atlantic security partners and significant collaboration and interconnectivity in the economic sphere?So on the one hand, Europe wants to adhere to its own principles on foreign policy and economic relations, which lead it to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal. On the other hand, that may mean risking quite a lot.","Elizabeth Rosenberg of the Center for a New American Security, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Europe is facing a difficult choice between adhering to its own principles and risking significant consequences or aligning with the US on the matter of the Iran deal."} +{"dialogue":["We got hit pretty hard with the recession. And when people aren't making money, they're not spending money.","And they're certainly not eating ice cream.","And they're not eating ice cream. So the more people make, the more they come down here and vacation from all over the world - general improving in the economy. I think there's a lot of confidence in the new administration that's in there. It seems like it's pro-small business, you know?There's a window manufacturer right next to where we're at, and they are swamped right now. And they say the same thing. It's, you know, people are confident. They're not holding onto their money. They're investing it in the economy.","May I ask you, did you vote for President Trump?","I didn't vote Democrat or Republican because I just - I'd had enough of the spatting back and forth. I'm prior military, so I support our president no matter who it is. But I didn't like the personalities of it, so I didn't vote for either one of those two.","Some of the owners that were surveyed were saying that there were some concerns - cost of health insurance, lack of qualified workers. Well, what are the things that you're concerned about right now that may hold back your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Eating ice cream is a luxury item that people can't afford during a recession."} +{"dialogue":["That's the unmistakable voice of Faith Evans, known as the first lady of hip hop. At 35 years old, she's been through more than most folks will in their entire life. Faith was raised by her grandparents in a house full of children, foster children, and other relatives. By the age of four, she found her first adoring audience in her church.","By 15, she was climbing out of her bedroom window to go learn how to record and mix music. Three years after that, Faith was a college dropout, a songwriter, a single mother, and a survivor of a brutal and abusive relationship. By 24, she was a successful singer and a widow.","Now, Faith Evans is telling all in her memoir, \"Keep the Faith,\" starting with the death of her estranged husband, the rapper Notorious B. I. G.","Basically, my life was changed in a matter of seconds. I mean, I think that's pretty much how I did sum in up in the intro, I mean, before I even described what I was doing and you know, what he was doing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships."} +{"dialogue":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here."} +{"dialogue":["In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.","And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.","Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.","Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Poachers kill elephants for their ivory and sell it to markets in Sudan, the Middle East, and China."} +{"dialogue":["What is at the top of your to-do list right now today?","Right now, we continue to monitor Dorian. As you well know, you know, we continue to go up our East Coast. We're positioned to support all four states. Florida is looking fairly good right now, however, they still have some impacts.","But we really don't want our citizens to, you know, fall asleep on this storm. Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, they're going to feel the blunt of Hurricane Dorian - a lot of rain, a lot of surge and a lot of wind primarily down on the coast. But, you know, these things can that create weather hazards well inland, so - and they're doing a great job of being prepared for that. So we're focused on supporting our states, supporting our locals.","Four states is a long stretch of coastline. This storm is so big. How does that affect your preparations?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Monitoring Hurricane Dorian is our top priority today."} +{"dialogue":["OK, it's getting there. It's close.","Look - peaks are holding. Peaks are holding. OK. So let's scoop this out. We're going to make two. OK, what I'm doing here is I'm making a divot because that's where our egg yolk's going to go, but first we want to bake this for three minutes.","And we're going to put the salt on now?","Yeah, we can do it now. Sprinkle it to taste. And you know what?Let's do some cheese too because cheese is good."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Preparing divots for egg yolks and baking for three minutes."} +{"dialogue":["And the question has to be raised. With his support - outspoken support - for Vladimir Putin, for Kim Jong Un, for President Duterte - forgive me - the president of the Philippines - not working well today - does the president send the message that dictators can do as they please?","The president - let's be frank - came to power promising to disrupt official Washington and the way things have been done, including in terms of our relationships with just about every other country. And that is a promise on which the president has delivered. And his base voters are delighted with it, even if it gives pause to members of Congress and people in the media and other observers.","Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president's disruptive foreign policy is popular among his base but concerning to others."} +{"dialogue":["And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026","Sure.","\u2026stratosphere.","He has political legitimacy in a way that neither Sharpton nor Jackson enjoy. Jesse Jackson was the lineman who get the ugly, brutal work in the trenches of American racial warfare to open up a space for Barack Obama to be graceful and nimble as he - as a running back, so speak, with the football, that the highest prize of American political life - hopefully, people who support him believe - the presidency of the United States, so he is able to run with that goal in mind with grace and aplomb because Jesse Jackson did the heavy lifting and brutal, nasty, bloody work, and others to be sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The phrase \"stratosphere\" is figurative language to describe the high level of esteem and respect that Obama has from the public."} +{"dialogue":["Sometimes you hear about couples fighting over stuff. We need a new car. No, we don't need a new car, you know, rather spend the money on having the kids go and get braces than get a new car. But I need my ride to look good, you know, questions like that.","Absolutely.","That come up in families. How do you adjudicate if that's the kind of issue that's coming up in your relationship?","Well, you first of all have to make the people involved understand that that is actually the issue. Most people don't see it that way. When you say - when people say they want a car, they don't usually say, I need a car to look good. They usually think they really need a car. They don't understand that that they're feeling an ego need. So you have to understand - get people to understand what their need is based on."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : don't see something in a certain way in this context is that they don't agree with something, or they don't fully understand the given situation."} +{"dialogue":["As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.","Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.","Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S. withdrawal hurt?","Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S. withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S. economy. Sixty percent of the U. S. economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The United States stopped abiding by the terms of the agreement."} +{"dialogue":["O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.","Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?","That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.","And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Michelle, we are going to miss you so much, but our listeners, they'll still be able to keep in touch with you, right?","Absolutely. I'm going to still be doing my column for the Washington Post. You can go to WashingtonPost. com. I have my own personal Web site, michellesingletary. com. And I've got a book coming out in the fall that I hope people get a hold of because it will help you during this crisis and afterwards. It's called \"The Power to Prosper: 21 days to Financial Freedom. \"And I'm going to, hopefully, come to some communities, and I hope people come out for some of the book readings.","All right Michelle, it's been a great pleasure interviewing you and speaking with you over the years. I've just loved your energy and your advice, and I wish you the very best, and thank you so much for being on our show.","You're so welcome. I'm really, really going to miss it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written."} +{"dialogue":["Congress looked like they might get some kind of deal on immigration this past week. Didn't happen. What did happen?","They had a big sit-down meeting among all the House Republicans, and they talked about a deal, but they didn't reach one. The problem is that one faction within the House Republican caucus wants to protect the DREAMers, the people in the U. S. illegally who were brought here as children. The other faction at the opposite end of the spectrum opposes anything they see as amnesty. And they want full funding for Trump's border wall with Mexico and a number of other changes to current law on legal immigration as well.","So it's not clear how much of that can get worked out, even among House Republicans, let alone with the Senate or the president.","I have to ask, how does the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, hold onto his job?It seems like every few hours, there's charges of some kind of new ethical infraction. Yeah. I mean, he would have been let go from a greeter position at Walmart by now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The House Republicans have conflicting views on illegal immigration and the border wall, making it difficult to reach a deal."} +{"dialogue":["Hate is the easier part. I hate being away from my kids and my family. That's really tough to be gone as much as I am. And I love to play live for people. I love to see people, you know, enjoy themselves and enjoy music. And when it's my music it's even better.","What do you think is going to happen to art as we go through these tough times?","Oh, I think art will survive. During these times, movies and music don't seem to suffer that much because, I mean, music gets you through all this stuff.","And where are you headed next?I mean, in terms of creatively. Are you going to go back and make another country album?I mean, what do you think - besides touring, which I know you are. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Despite tough times, art will survive and music helps people cope."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Shorter schedules in the past distorted career milestones and accomplishments."} +{"dialogue":["And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.","But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.","Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.","Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate"} +{"dialogue":["But also, at the moment, there is a decided sense of panic and loss of confidence in the financial system itself, which is actually exacerbating the situation. The scariest thing that's going on at the moment is, essentially, there's a run on the whole of the Western world's banking systems. It's a behind-the-scenes run, but it's a run nonetheless. And this is why you're seeing some extraordinary action by central banks, essentially because they are now the only people in the - around who are willing to fund or finance the banking sector.","If there's a loss of faith in leadership in the U. S. and Europe, where do you look for world financial leadership now?","Well, I think the interesting thing is, the normal thing - place you would look would be to the finance ministers and the central bank governors of the world and seek to see whether they can come up with some sort of plan or some sort of coordinated action. Everyone is gathering together later this week in Washington on Friday and at the weekend.","And so this is a real test. I don't think they necessarily want it to be a test, but I'm sure it will be seen as a test to see whether the authorities can do more than look at how to stop this happening again in the long term, which is one of things, actually, they were intending the meeting to be about, but actually to try and stop the panic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector."} +{"dialogue":["So let me ask you because eating the supermodel of the fruit world doesn't sound like necessarily a bad thing. You've written a book about this kind of stuff, \"Bet The Farm: How Food Stopped Being Food. \"Is food part of the problem?Has it become less nutritious?Is it just good-looking and less good for us?","I think that the argument among the dietitians is that, yes, the higher sugar content is robbing food of a lot of its nutritional value. And I also think there is a tradition in America of somehow seeking perfection through our food, that somehow, if we eat right, we will make ourselves mentally and spiritually better. And so, of course, if we see row after row of perfectly glistening, absolutely gorgeous, completely look-alike apples, we think, yeah. I want that.","But fruit is still good for humans?","Of course, eat like your grandmother told you to eat - is probably the best advice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The fruit is not a supermodel, it is just the perfect, good looking one of the crop."} +{"dialogue":["Hello.","Hello.","Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, \"emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care\" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.","Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr. Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, \"the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. \"She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?","Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Two \"schools' are not literal schools. The implication is there are two differing beliefs about how the organization should operate."} +{"dialogue":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S. citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. So one of those ideas is quite simple, and it's to make the ice bigger. These players out on the ice are massive and fast. And they're running into each other at incredible speeds. And the thought is that if you go to a larger ice surface like they have in Europe, like they have in Olympic hockey, that gives more room to skate, less strife, less collisions, things like that. So that's one idea.","But what it comes down to as well is just the administration of the game and an administrator who has influence over the rules being able to step forward and say, I'm going to put the health and safety of players first. And what they can do - just a few years ago in the Ontario Hockey League in Canada, they brought in a rule that says if you fight more than three times in a season, you're suspended for every fight subsequent to that.","And what do hockey players love most?They love to play the game of hockey. So when you take that away, it really cuts down on the fighting. And what you know what they did?In one season, with the stroke of a pen, they cut fighting in half. So it can be done. It simply requires vision and a courage of conviction.","Jeremy Allingham is a journalist with the CBC, and his new book is called \"Major Misconduct: The Human Cost Of Fighting In Hockey. \"Jeremy, thank you for talking with us about this."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The ruling drastically reduces the number of fights during a game"} +{"dialogue":["So in 2006, a farmer named Shikharam Chaudhary was apprehended by forest rangers at Chitwan. They suspected him of helping his son bury a stolen rhinoceros horn in his backyard. So they took him back to the jail inside the park, and they interrogated him for a little over a week. And nine days later, Shikharam was dead.","Seven eyewitnesses in the jail said that he was being tortured. He was waterboarded. He was beaten and treated in really awful ways by the guards there. And as we found in our reporting, WWF stepped in. And they lobbied for the charges that were filed against the rangers in question to be dropped. And when they ultimately were, they celebrated the ruling.","So just so I understand, what is the link exactly between the actions of these rangers and the WWF?","So WWF funds, equips, trains and otherwise supports these forest rangers at national parks. Our investigation looked at six different countries in Africa and Asia. These forest rangers are employed by the government. But often there isn't that much money to make sure that they have supplies and training and everything else they need to do their job. So WWF often steps in to fill those gaps. And they provide them with everything from uniforms to cars to knives and riot gear and other things that can be used as weapons."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things"} +{"dialogue":["I'm bullish on it. It's a big change. We're working through all the challenges. One challenge is for creators. They use Instagram to make a living. Likes are a sign of how relevant they are, so we have to figure out some way to make sure we preserve that.","You're talking about influencers. Right?I mean, there are people who now essentially make a living off of their social media presence. And the way they show potential advertisers - look, I'm a good bet - is how many likes I get.","Absolutely. We've actually had a pretty mixed response from influencers. So I think - I'm optimistic to answer your question very directly. We aren't there yet. We're still iterating on the experience. But I am personally optimistic and really personally invested in making it work.","So the boss is bullish. (Laughter) That's the take so far."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The boss refuses to change their mind on what they think about situation."} +{"dialogue":["Yes.",". . . Origins of the book.","So the seeds of this book really were planted within me 18 years ago. I've been carrying them and nurturing them for a very long time. In 2001, I was a young, queer immigrant woman here in the United States, and I was really urgently seeking a deeper understanding of my own country of origin, Uruguay, and how it connects to queer truths and histories.","I was going through my own personal moment where my parents were disowning me and saying that I couldn't be both gay and Uruguayan at the same time. In Uruguay, it is true that, you know, 20 years ago, queer voices were much less visible. I mean, in all of my research of the dictatorship history, the queer stories are simply not recorded."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The seeds of the book are the words of the story that she read that she remembered."} +{"dialogue":["The narrower strike, I think, on chemical weapons, there probably would be - would have been a favorable vote because most - this is a - this has nothing - in a sense, it's not Syria. We're against chemical weapons wherever and however they're used. So that kind of strike, I think, has a justification in international law and in history. But it's the idea of a - intervening in this tragic civil war, I think, is a much broader question.","A while ago, Senator King, you were among those people in the Senate who supported greater support for Syrian rebels in the hope that they might be able to overturn the Assad regime. How do you feel about that now?Has the time for that opportunity passed?Does a strike like this promote that or have got nothing to do with it?","I don't think it has much to do with, as I say, the overall calculus on the battlefield in the civil war. And I'm afraid you may be right. Clearly, the momentum at this point is with Assad. The critical moment was when Russia came in in support of the Assad regime. And then you add Iran, Hezbollah and the other support that they're getting, all you'd have to do is look at the map. Two years ago, the opposition controlled a great deal of the country. And now, that territory is narrowing. And the fight now, this alleged chemical attack, took place in the Damascus suburbs.","So what should the U. S. strategic goal be as far as you're concerned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The opposition has lost territory and the alleged chemical attack took place in Damascus suburbs"} +{"dialogue":["That may be the case, but - I don't have foresight in the future, that could very well be the case. But what we do know now is that there has been a precipitous decline in Harlem's black population. And that decline has taken place over the past two decades, and the main issue has been one of affordability as it is in other inner-city areas - inner-cities across the country. Harlem just mirrors that.","Let me return to one point that you made in terms of certain historical facts. About Harlem never having been a black community, or even built by blacks. Well I beg to differ with that. And Ms. Suggs really does not have a grasp on her history. We know from the 1600s that the Dutch arrived in Harlem with slaves who helped to build Harlem. That is from the 1600s because we know about the Harlem Reform Church of the 1600s. And just recently, because of the 125th Street rezoning - a major public policy issue that will change the physical landscape of Harlem - we have in one of the public-mandated environmental impact statement the acknowledgment of an African burial ground which is at 125th Street east of Second Avenue from the 1600s.","So blacks have always had a presence in Harlem. They built Harlem, and so their investment - the historical investment - of blacks in Harlem certainly did not begin with the great migration or the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks' presence in Harlem, their - the building of Harlem certainly precedes that and into the 1600s.","Here's my final question. I have less than a minute for your answer. When a neighborhood gentrifies and it becomes more mixed racially and class-wise, is this more about race or about class?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Harlem has always had a black presence, with blacks helping to build it since the 1600s."} +{"dialogue":["It's called a poor choice. On one innocent New Year's Eve in the early 1980s, I went to a party with all my friends. And justification, rationalization - everybody's doing it. I'm the only kid who's - just has a couple beers and is not doing coke. So you know what?I try it. And you know what happened?I'm not like everybody else. I liked it too damn much. And what it did was take away the split-second timing of being able to hit a major league fastball and to do the geometry that you need to do to run down ground balls and throw accurately. It just took a split second off me. And I had a 10-year career. But I would have been, in my opinion, an all-star-type player a couple years. And the morals - incredibly, the morals and values that my dad instilled in me made me a good cocaine user, so to speak.","I don't understand that at all. The morals your father instilled in you made you a good cocaine user.","Here's how. Here's how. I was never late for a game, never would think about playing a game on coke. I was raised too well to do that. I convinced myself that I was OK.","Painful as it is but also, I think, instructive to those of us who loved your father - could you tell us about the time when he called you up and said, get over here?And it was - your father and your brothers wanted to talk to you about all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : not literally doing geometry math problems, but understanding how to play baseball using both brains and athleticism"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","Why has the price gone up in recent years?","Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear, right?We see that uniquely in the U. S. One vial of insulin in the U. S. costs seven times what it does in Germany. So there's a huge disparity there. Some of the reasons have to do with reformulations of insulin that are, in fact, better than some of the older ones. Although, when I'm talking about that 1 in 7 price comparison, that's the same exact insulin.","In the U. S. , what's happened - and this is something that I know the Trump administration is looking at and many experts in the field have decried - the slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market, which are on the market in other countries. The problem in this country is the lowering of prices of insulin. And insulin patents have been held up in the courts for years now in suits and countersuits between the three big insulin drug makers, including by Eli Lilly, which is the former employer of our new HHS Secretary.","That's Alex Azar - has been appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market in the US, and insulin patents being held up in courts have resulted in high prices of insulin"} +{"dialogue":[". . . Didn't make millions. I know he made a lot - who ran Bernie Sanders' campaign.","Yeah, I think it's a question of, you know, does money tempt you to do things that you might not otherwise do?","Well, you've been there. What do you say?","I like to think that you need to stay grounded, right?You need to stay grounded. You need to say to yourself, am I doing what matters to the country and our future?Or am I just thinking about just pure self-interest, the amount of money that I can amass for myself and my family?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It's important to prioritize the country's future over personal gain."} +{"dialogue":["They have. But I think that there was a difference. The Democrats, for example, voted in overwhelming numbers for the DREAM Act, which was blocked by the Republican Party. A bill was introduced for comprehensive immigration reform. The Democrats voted overwhelmingly for it. It was blocked by the Republicans.","When we say comprehensive immigration reform, what two or three things do you think constitute that?","Well, I think that we need a way for the 11 million people who are in this country to legalize a status and earn their way to citizenship. I think we need to come up with a system where the immigrants of the future can come to this country in a safe, legal and orderly manner, instead of having to walk through the desert and putting their lives in jeopardy.","When crossing the border illegally."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally."} +{"dialogue":["Right. We should mention that Purdue Pharma agreed back in March to pay - I think it was 270 million and settle claims and avoid having to go to a trial like the one you've been sitting in on today.","Correct.","So to focus on Johnson & Johnson's role, I wasn't even aware that they manufactured opioid painkillers. What are the products under scrutiny at this trial?","Yeah, so it's interesting. There's actually two separate businesses that they're looking at from the company. The first is that they actually owned two businesses that they sold by 2016 that processed Tasmanian poppies into narcotic raw materials. And then they also had a company that turned those into active pharmaceutical ingredients that they used, I believe, for their own drugs as well as other companies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Johnson & Johnson's involvement in opioids was surprising."} +{"dialogue":["However.","Well, you know, it is a good analogy. It's like, you know, you keep the umbrella around. Once it stops raining, you don't get rid of the umbrella, you keep it in the closet. It's the same with your savings. Even when you're doing well, you still have to put something away for the time that it rains, because guess what, it's always going to rain.","So, what are you going to miss most, do you think, about being on the show and giving advice to the radio audience?","Well, obviously the staff, you know - and you know, I don't want to get so melancholy but I have to tell folks that I have never enjoyed working with a group of people more than I have here at NPR. Really smart, caring people who wanted to produce a segment like this to - you see, I'm getting ready to cry - to really help people. This is the one job, and I've got like 10, that I love getting up to go to. And I'm going to miss the listeners. NPR listeners are the most thoughtful, and I get a ton of email - even from those who disagree with me, it was always in a way that was very respectful. And that says a lot about the people who listen to this program."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : You put money in the savings in case you have a problem and need it"} +{"dialogue":["And then the women also said they wanted their jacket to look like that. They wanted to wear a male tie, which is unusual. Usually women wear, like, kind of a little crosshatch-looking tie. But they wanted to wear a long, male tie. And they wanted a pencil skirt.","Were the women and the men in the military polled about this?","Yeah. From different ranks, they had people come in and look at the uniforms or hats, you know, sent the prototypes to them and said, what do you like?Is this comfortable?And what would you like to see?","So they get some sartorial input."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women's clothing."} +{"dialogue":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Reform for college athlete treatment is progressing slowly, but key people are listening."} +{"dialogue":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The church is in danger of losing its moral authority."} +{"dialogue":["I think that we need to have a conversation and debate on what it means to be a Republican. Traditionally, the Republican Party stood for some level of financial conservatism. That seems to have been thrown out the window of late, as you see, got instance, with this latest debt deal, the president adding $2 trillion of additional debt to the national debt and a third of a trillion dollars in new spending over the next two years without even a debate.","I think we need to have a conversation about where we're going on trade. I think we need to have a conversation with regard to institutions and political norms which the president has thrown out. But that has historically been the glue that has held together that balance of power that makes our system work, and I think we need to have a conversation on town.","I think that some might argue that the way that those intra-party debates take place is exactly in the kinds of positions that you have had in down-ballot races. I mean, you lost the Republican primary to a candidate endorsed by President Trump, so I think some might argue, asked and answered.","Well, there's a difference between a battle and a war, and I would say that as Republicans, in some cases, we're winning battles but losing wars. So what happened in that race after I lost the primary was that for the first time in about 50 years, the seat went Democrat."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Nothing was thrown at a window, but financial conservatism has been disregarded by the republican party."} +{"dialogue":["I don't actually see a need to detain people at all. There are lots of alternatives to detention that have been shown to work. In many cases, people are released on ankle monitors so that the government can keep track of where they are. But once again, I don't think that the government's figures on appearance rates at hearings are accurate.","Mexico has expanded some of the rights of asylum-seekers, non-Mexican asylum-seekers - haven't they?- in recent weeks. Humanitarian visas, work permits, access to legal services, does any of that help?","I know that they have started giving humanitarian visas to individuals who are returned. They are supposed to provide for work authorization. But I understand that a number of our plaintiffs have had trouble finding jobs and also trouble proving that they are entitled to work in Mexico. I think that goes back to the animus against migrants that I spoke of before.","Do you and other groups have an idea of how many people we might potentially be talking about who were asylum-seekers in Mexico?","We don't have an exact number. The government has said that they're going to expand this policy to Texas in the not-too-distant future. And my understanding is that as of Thursday, eight families were returned- eight families comprised of 13 adults and 13 children. And that was just one day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : the narrator mention of non Mexican asylum-seekers so it is odd to see non Mexican asylum seekers setting place in Mexico. "} +{"dialogue":["Not so well now. We're expecting to have a peace completely after the election, but we still have a few problems here and there as far as human right is concerned. And there is also killings in some parts of the country, in the west, also in east. So, that's not good.","There are a lot of people who've used music to raise awareness about what's going on in different parts of the world. Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people?What is it about music that's so special?","Music is very natural. We are born - our mothers sing for us. The community welcomes you with music, with singing. So, it becomes part of your being, of your nature. At the same time, when you cry, it's also like singing. So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.","And your family had a musical tradition, what was its like growing up?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.\""} +{"dialogue":["All right. Just quickly, before we let you go. Do you have any plans to try to catch up with Senator Obama's family on or after election day?","Oh, I don't know if I'm going to make it, because there's a huge media presence here already, and I think everyone's just waiting just to catch up with his grandmother.","Other reporters will be there, right outside her house?","Oh, absolutely. They were right outside her house during his delivery of the speech, during the Democratic Convention. And if I get the chance and manage to wiggle my way through the crowd, hopefully I might get a chance to speak to her. I have spoken to his stepsister, Auma Obama, and - in the past. So, you know, who knows?If I get that opportunity, yes, definitely, I will want to speak to them, and maybe speak to you later about what they said."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The media presence may prevent me from catching up with Senator Obama's family."} +{"dialogue":["To be fair to President Trump, while tariffs, in my view, represent appalling economic policy, they are a reasonable political tactic in seizing the attention of a foreign government - in this case, China. And he succeeded on that. But in terms of the outcome that he produces, it'll be a classic case of the glass being either half-full or half-empty, depending on who looks at it.","Market access and a reduction in the U. S. trade deficit with China over time - the glass will be more than half full. But on the others, the glass will get progressively empty. And I would be surprised, particularly on that question of state subsidy for China's high-technology industries, whether we'll see much substantive Chinese movement at all.","Do you think that Chinese leaders respect President Trump and his negotiating style?","I think the Chinese see in Trump two things. One is a preparedness to double down on these trade negotiations over a long period of time to extract maximum change in the Chinese position. So they see Trump as exercising American strength."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Well, there was a plant in our area a few years back that was trying to make a point to the importance of their plant in the community, and they did a payroll in cash and stamped their name on all the money. And I wasn't trying to show how important my business is to the town, but I wanted people to recognize what was going on, and I decided the $2 bills was just as effective a way. So we passed out the money. I had to call a meeting, and I don't call many meeting so my employees sort of went into panic mode. I think their imaginations were running away, so they were definitely shocked when we had the meeting and they got their $2 bills, and they went to town shopping with a vengeance.","Well, yeah, I mean, I think most employees dread those meetings these days, that they're actually going to get laid off or fired. . .","Well, they. . .","Instead of getting money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There was a factory in the area, not an actual plant that grows from the ground."} +{"dialogue":["I should remind Americans that, in Britain, the prime minister normally controls the agenda in Parliament. He was blocked yesterday. What was it like to be on the floor for yesterday's vote?","Well, it was exciting. I mean, the chamber the House of Commons - I often take Americans around it. It's very different from Congress or the Senate. It's very confrontational. There are seats facing opposite each other, so you get to shout at each other. But, of course, in this instance, the fight was between people sitting on the same benches. So you kind of shout across at each other. It's also a very small chamber, a very intimate chamber. So in that sense, it adds to the drama.","Well, Prime Minister Johnson said he would expel you rebels from the Conservative Party. Did that happen overnight?Are you no longer a member of the Conservative Party?","Yeah. He's been true to his word. I have lost what we call the whip. So we're not members of the Conservative Parliamentary Party, we're independent MPs, which has been forced on us rather than a choice made by us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The House of Commons is a confrontational environment"} +{"dialogue":["Your narrator and her husband are audio journalists and archivists. The husband declares they have to relocate to fulfill his project to tell the story of the Apache nation. But she finds a story, too, doesn't she, in a woman named Manuela who has two daughters.","That's right. The narrator and mother of the kids who are travelling in this car from New York towards Arizona towards the old Apacheria has met - in her daughter's school had met a woman called Manuela. And she's been working with her husband on a big sound project recording all the languages spoken in New York. And she asks this woman, Manuela, if she can record her. This woman speaks (unintelligible) which is a very rare Mayan language. And the woman says fine, but in exchange, she asks her to translate some documents, legal documents, of her daughters who are on their way from Mexico to the U. S. border.","And these two girls, when they arrive in the U. S. border as happens with all the kids that arrive here seeking asylum, are first placed in an ICE detention space - an icebox they call them colloquially. And then these girls are transferred to a shelter. And at some point, they go missing. So the narrator of the novel becomes deeply involved with looking for these two girls, helping Manuela look for her daughters.","I made a note of your line. The son says that if they ran off, he said ma would start thinking of us the way she thought of them, the lost children, all the time and with all her heart."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The husband's project is more important than the narrator's project."} +{"dialogue":["This is the people we hired to.","Yeah.","We paid off.","Yeah, well, I wouldn't call it that. I mean, what they - it's so unprecedented. The way insurgencies end and the way the Sunni insurgency has ended is that it just sort of fades away, then they either come into the political process, or they go into hiding. They leave the country. They just put their weapons and go back to doing what they normally did."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The way the Sunni insurgency has ended is not as simple as just being paid off"} +{"dialogue":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : asking if the newspaper has been attacked in the past."} +{"dialogue":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : DDoS attacks are caused by little robots, not human attackers."} +{"dialogue":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr. Met. Mr. Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr. Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr. Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr. Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr. Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr. Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : the figurative use of the phrase \"flipping the bird\" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?","During World War II, the country ran huge deficits, and I think history generally considers that money well spent to preserve democracy, defeat the Nazis. We'll see how history judges deficit spending now to provide tax cuts and boost government spending in an economy that's already close to full employment.","That is NPR's White House correspondent Scott Horsley. Thanks so much.","Good to be with you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Deficit spending to provide tax cuts may not be judged favorably in history"} +{"dialogue":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The website address to join the online viewing party is nprnewsandviews.org"} +{"dialogue":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Musk wants to take Tesla private to avoid the demands of Wall Street"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I know that my name is on the cover, but the Library of America was at least an equal partner, if not more. Reggie Hui there went into the archives, and he found every single short story she'd ever published in the most esoteric, small, little magazines. And John Kulka and Reggie and I had multiple really long debates and conversations about which stories to include. There were many passionate speeches on all sides, particularly mine. And we ended up with. . .","(Laughter) Battles to the death, I'm gathering. Yeah.",". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : She is agreeing that they debated and making it humorous."} +{"dialogue":["Nice to be here, Lulu.","Why study Mars's core?What can it teach us?","We know the outside of Mars, and we understand the inside of the Earth. And one of the reasons we're interested in Mars is because it's a planet of a similar sort of size to the Earth and Venus. So getting into the interior of it will help us understand how long it took for it to cool down because it's now a cooler planet than the Earth. It no longer does all that exciting plate tectonic stuff that the Earth does. And we'll get a sense of how stiff the external crust is, how malleable the mantle is and whether the core is liquid or not. Those are all the things that really matter for the physics of the Earth, so we assume they're going to matter for the physics of Mars, too.","The first successful Mars landing was almost 50 years ago, which is quite a while. And many have failed since then. Why?How hard is it actually to get there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Studying Mars's interior will help us understand Earth's physics."} +{"dialogue":["There's a voice that we have not heard a lot from lately and I want to ask you about it. I'm talking about fed chief Ben Bernanke. He seems to have all but disappeared from the headlines. Why is that we aren't hearing more from him as the stimulus package gets debated?","Well, Bernanke's role is to manage U. S. monetary policy - what does money cost, bank regulations, all that stuff. So frankly he doesn't have very many arrows in his quiver yet left. He's got - I think we're down to, you know, under one percent for the federal funds rate. So there's not a lot of pontificating around interest rates that Bernanke can do. He ought to be of greater voice around the stimulus especially around as you - strategy, the bad bank strategy you mentioned.","I believe that what he's doing really is letting the Obama economic team get their feet wet. Very, very soon we ought to be hearing that he and the Treasury secretary have met. He's not an Alan Greenspan. If you think back to 1992 when Clinton was elected, Greenspan immediately jumped out there and was almost a jockeying between Greenspan and Clinton. And Greenspan made it clear, hey, I'm the money guy, I'm in charge of this, guys. And he, you know, he went to the White House, he had very long meeting with Clinton. It's been written about by - it's been written about it, you know, the Washington Post reporter has written extensively about that meeting, Carl F - Bernstein.","Bernstein."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet."} +{"dialogue":["Of course.","Why if the students two were traveling in five buses - why the target was just two?And also, these two buses were exactly the two buses that the army and the Federal Police - start to monitor it since three hours before. I mean, these two buses were the two buses where the students were traveling from the school to Iguala. Why?So what I was able to found is that in these two buses were inside in secret parts of the bus. . .","The secret compartment.",". . . Yes - heroin - 2 millions of heroin. They. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They had something on the bus that the authorities were interested in."} +{"dialogue":["But he was like an incredible, incredible hero. And when I interviewed him, God, probably two months later, he had a stroke. A year later, he was dead. So these stores are like - I mean, they're disappearing every single day.","When you think about a story like that, where someone gave his all and didn't get a lot of credit for it, is that a theme that runs through the book?","It definitely runs through the World War II section. I mean, pretty much all the vets who served in World War II. I mean, I have a vet who was at Iwo Jima, another story you don't hear much about African-Americans serving there. Also a buffalo soldier I have who came home after, you know, fighting in Italy the worst of Hitler's troop. Comes home, the ship lands in Virginia, and the white people in the town turn their back on the black soldiers. They don't even want to look at them.","I mean, it was - they walked through the town, he said it was like they were convicts. People turned their backs on them. And he was with me at the Smithsonian. We had an event for some of these vets. And he cried when he talked about that. And everyone in the audience stood up and cheered for him. And it was 60 years later, but it was like he was coming home that day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"they're disappearing every single day\" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of saying that the stories are being lost or forgotten over time, rather than literally disappearing every day."} +{"dialogue":["So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.","You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.","After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.","Dr. Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Gun violence is a major public health crisis but there is not enough funding for research to develop solutions"} +{"dialogue":["Oh, yes, it's 63 as we're speaking now. So that's a 33-degree drop from what it was just a few hours ago last night.","But what's the week been like?","You know, hard for people in a country that's not used to heat and doesn't have much air conditioning. The five hottest summers here since 1500 have been - all been since 2000. So you have - do have more people here asking, if I could put it this way, does a chateau have to fall on your head to see that the earth, France included, is getting hotter?","Yeah (laughter) I know you were in Paris during the 2003 heatwave. And that left 15,000 people dead according to estimates. And it's still considered a marker in French history."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Not an actual home falling onto people's head but an obvious, large amount of information becomes understood."} +{"dialogue":["Well, one way is that the schemes at issue here were really sprawling. This was not just one man doing something criminally inappropriate but rather pervasive, longstanding, industry-wide conspiracy, for lack of a better word, to promote these products.","And, you know, there may be a false sense of vengeance or accountability in pinning it on one individual and essentially letting others go free who were the ones that carried out this scheme. You could argue that the deterrent effect of legal action would be greater with a massive financial penalty that would really send a message to all other executives at all levels of a corporation that this could be their economic downfall.","Did we see that with the $500 million judgment in Oklahoma?Is that a big enough penalty to be a deterrent, or is it just the cost of doing business for Johnson and Johnson?","I think for a company on the scale of Johnson and Johnson, $570 million is not a lot of money. And we saw that in Wall Street's reaction to the verdict. To them, it was good news. This was probably the first time that having to pay $572 million was considered good news."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : pinning it on someone refers to someone else having to take the consequences for something"} +{"dialogue":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Congress passed a bill despite the likely negative consequences."} +{"dialogue":["Now, there are literally thousands of these kinds of cases going back through history. Some that have, you know, withstood the test of time. What are some of the most famous ones in the U. S. ?","Well, you know, there's a very long list and you know, actually a colleague and I had a five-volume set on famous American crimes and trials that I can't go over all of them. But let me just mention a few. And I want to mention one in London as well. But for example, going back to the 19th Century, the Mary Rogers case. Here in Albany, we have Jack Legs Diamond, the prohibition gangster who was killed in Albany. We have a list of the short case.","Oh, the Black Dahlia, right?That's the Black Dahlia?","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Some of the cases from long ago are still relevant to what is happening in this day."} +{"dialogue":["It's beautiful. It's nothing to be ashamed of.","There's one plant that needs water, I'm sorry.","That little machine, it actually - you can watch it work and twirl and do its little mechanical things and prints out little solar panels.","Yeah. So basically, you feed it this little silicon cells. It chops them up into little pieces. And then, I didn't know this, but you just take them and wire them in series. I mean, in fact, if you had them, you could manually make one yourself. The process isn't all that complicated. So we see how you would actually do this. You know, they couldn't bring all of the prototypes because some of them couldn't fit in a suitcase. Literally, they packed them in a suitcase. . .","And on the subway.",". . . and took them on the subway to my yard. But it's definitely worth a look. I think the other thing that was interesting to me is that it was funded - it's bankrolled by strangers. This was a Kickstarter project. So they put up a little video on the website Kickstarter and got over 1,000 people to contribute over $70,000 to make this. This is real bootstrap inventing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The machine is fascinating to watch and can create small solar panels"} +{"dialogue":["Oh yes, in fact the conventional laser was only two years old, and it taught us that light could be coherent. But it didn't say anything about a semiconductor and whether the semiconductor would do this. And actually the furor started with Rediker's group from Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, reporting that they had gotten good spontaneous light out of gallium arsenide.","And then several of us went home and realized there ought to be a way to make that coherent, into a laser, and we did it. And - but I'm the guy that was crazy enough to make my own homemade alloy, which a lot of people didn't think would work, and shift it up to where the eye could see. And that's the whole basis of it.","Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?","Well because these crystal systems are complicated, how to grow them is complicated. There are wrong methods and arguments about right ways to proceed, and it just - it's a zig-zag process. You make a bad move, and then you're going to make another move to find your way, and it just took a long while to get there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Creating the semiconductor laser required trial and error."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it's still very present. I don't think it's still very accurate. I think what this proves is that 5 billion songs is $5 billion, and so they are still saying that global music sales have dropped 8percent to about 19. 4 billion, according to the phonographic industry.","So they are seeing some sales still decline, but you're seeing digital music rise, so I think these music labels are needed to get with the program and get over this fear of piracy, and - and look at this say, you know what?Five billion songs, that's a lot of music that anyone could be buying. I mean, that's just - you know, at the end of the day, that's a lot of music to be purchased.","Mario, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","Mario Armstrong is News & Notes regular technology contributor, and he joined us from the studios of the Baltimore Sun."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Music labels should adapt to digital music rise."} +{"dialogue":[". . . For your research on pulsars and for being a leader in the scientific community. So what does this latest accolade mean to you?","Well, it left me speechless when I got the news because I never, ever dreamt of this, I must admit. And it's a vast sum of money, as well, which. . .",". . . Is, really, I think, a bit hard to believe.","It certainly is. A lot has changed for women in science, but, as I'm sure you know, a lot hasn't. And I think the fact that you're giving away the money for scholarships may be a nod to the fact that it's still hard for certain people to break into the field."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It may be a way to give attention to women trying to break into science."} +{"dialogue":["For smart kids. We're talking with Laura Overdeck on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. Her book is \"Bedtime Math: A Fun Excuse to Stay Up Late. \"Do you think grown-ups can enjoy it, to learn something when they're reading this to their kids?","Oh, sure. We actually have a whole crowd of adults who follow our website who do them as a brainteaser.","Mm-hmm. Do the kids fall asleep if they're thinking about a math problem?Does it get them sleepier or keep them awake?","You know, I'll tell you, I have three really lively children, so if it can calm them down, it can help anybody. That might have been, actually, how we started doing it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : the adults do the math as a way to get their brains stimulated."} +{"dialogue":["We've seen the symbolism internationally too, haven't we?","We have. And perhaps the best-known example - in a small town in Thailand last month we saw three students who were arrested after protesting last spring's military coup by flashing the three-fingered salute - that's a symbol of District 12, Katniss' district in \"The Hunger Games. \"And you see things like that all over the world now. You see protesters in various parts of the world who not only wear T-shirts with \"Hunger Games\" slogans, but also have begun to use that three-finger salute as a symbol of protest not only in Thailand, but I'm told in Ukraine and other places as well.","What are we to make of the fact - I've wondered about this Stephen, the dystopian theme seems so popular as opposed to ethereal ones these days.","Dystopian novels always tend to feature a disaster followed by the good guys versus the bad guys in a very basic Manichaean sense. There's good and there's evil and there's no question about who the good and evil are. And we live in a political era of - where people on the left think everyone on the right is evil, everyone on the right thinks everyone on the left is evil. There's a tendency to paint our enemies as larger-than-life. And that fits perfectly with the general design of the dystopian story."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Why does the dystopian genre fit the current political climate?"} +{"dialogue":["Well, nearby, we had flooding was the most significant problem we had here. And one our neighbor's patios turned basically into a swimming pool and the water was pouring into her home. And we took the wet-vac up and towels and other neighbors brought mops and we all pitched in to get her at least toward the stages of recovery. Of course, that will continue. And the emergency officials in Oklahoma City reported they had as much as eight, 10, even 12 inches of rain in just, you know, four hours or so last night.","What are the recovery efforts like today, Kurt?","Canadian County, just to the west of Oklahoma City, looks like it was the hardest hit by the actual tornado. Now, the flooding seems to have been worse in the metro Oklahoma City area. The response will depend on what we see. Now, of course, we also still have all those people in, you know, the Shawnee area and Moore, Oklahoma, of course, and in Carney that were hit by storms May 19th and 20th. That recovery is going to be even more of a mess now too because of what happened last night.","Well, the sad fact is Oklahomans know how to do this, don't they?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The patio had a great deal of water on it that it could have been swum in."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer."} +{"dialogue":["But some people might want the extra three months of the nine months option. Just look through and see what's offered. And the other good thing is, this is not one of those negative option kind of options. At the end of the six months or nine months, they're not going to automatically enroll you into a plan in which you have to pay, because the six month is worth about 60 dollars and the nine month is about 115 dollars. So they will absolutely stop it, and you have to say, I want this back. But listen, for six or nine months you've got someone looking through your TransUnion credit file, so it's worth it.","You know, Michelle, what you're saying is anyone who has applied for credit, essentially in the last 20 years, any credit card, is eligible for this. There is a benefit, including maybe some cash, sitting there on the table. You can write in and get it. That's it?","That's it. That's exactly right. And you do have to register for it. It's not automatic, and you have to go to www. listclassaction. com. And once you go to the site, you click on the link for Register for Benefits. And then they will email you and tell you later when you can actually start getting the monitoring service.","We will link to you and to this website at our site, that's npr. org. Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist for the Washington Post and contributor to Day to Day. Michelle, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There is free money available for those who have applied for credit."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.","And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.","From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.","Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, limited treatment options force us to use outdated and toxic drugs."} +{"dialogue":["There's got to be a point where sooner or later the public is going to say, oh, this is just going too far with some of these technologies.","Well, again, that's why we call, you know, for the engineers to work with the regulators, to make sure that that doesn't happen. I mean, we all want everybody to enjoy sport, and that's why we have to make sure that they are working with them because - you know, and it keeps them interesting.","I mean, one of the other things is you have to think about how sports develop. You know, we have mountain biking that's emerged from road cycling, snowboarding emerged from skiing. So, you know, it's the creation of new sports that is also encouraged.","Let's talk about some of the other technologies in the London Olympics. Let's take bicycling. What's new there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They suddenly started talking about new technologiesin London"} +{"dialogue":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive in the middle of a prosperous region"} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Masculinity doesn't have a language and is much more rooted in sexuality compared to femininity."} +{"dialogue":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"the employment piece\" is a metaphorical phrase that refers to the importance of employment in the overall economic situation, rather than an actual physical piece."} +{"dialogue":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The implication of this statement is that it will be difficult to reach a consensus among the scientific community due to their diverse opinions"} +{"dialogue":["And as we look ahead, these issues are going to be more and more significant, at least that's what the climate scientists tell us. How did it change to get it - make it more of a priority in people's opinions and in politics?","You know, there are various models of social change. One is the - what I call the Pearl Harbor model, where you have an event that changes everything. Sometimes its pressure is gradually building, an awareness building. I call that the Berlin Wall model where things keep building until - in the case of the Berlin Wall, it went down. And sometimes it's difficult to see those tipping points before you reach them. Almost by definition, tipping points are difficult to project and identify.","But my own sense says that we are moving toward a tipping point on the climate issue, and it's going to take a few more droughts like the one in the summer of 2012, an intense heat that greatly reduced the U. S. grain harvest. I think it reduced the corn harvest by close to 30 percent. Or storms unlike anything we've seen before. And then we'll begin to, at some point, realize that climate change is for real. That it's dangerous and it's costly and we need to be doing something about it.","Yet, you'd like to think that we could arrive at these kinds of decisions on a rational basis. Don't need a tremendous crisis to focus our attention."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Climate change is real, dangerous, and costly. We need to take action."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : 'Flies ion the ointment\" is not literal. It just refers to something that makes a situation trickier; here it strains the relations between the two countries."} +{"dialogue":["I'm just - I'm 84, but - and I'm going to just keep going until suddenly I notice that somebody has approached with a hook, and the curtain is closing. But I continue to do basic research, as for example biogeography of ant faunas of the Pacific, and writing on the general subjects that we've been addressing today.","You talk in your book about having the summer off as a kid with lots of time to do what you want. Do kids need unstructured time?","They need a lot. They need a lot. I would say that generally speaking if you have a bright, inquisitive kid, and very few are not innately that way, and you were given a choice, two months of summer camp with advanced, more advanced preparation in various subjects with college on the horizon in mind, between that and cutting them loose in the woods or in a very interesting natural environment, and I say cutting them loose not entirely but if you know where they are, take the latter for heaven's sake. It's the latter where they will dream and beginning to form in their own mind those ideas, those conceptions, those misperceptions to be corrected that make up a strong mental ability and character.","Dr. Wilson, thank you so much for taking time - it's always such a pleasure to have you on SCIENCE FRIDAY. Thank you for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The kids will begin to think of ideas as they explore on their own."} +{"dialogue":["How did she describe it?","It happened to be a beautiful day when she posted this picture, but you see rubble side by side with, you know, people doing their shopping, people just going about their business, school kids returning to school. It's surreal.","So there's the physical scars of this conflict, but what about the other one that you mentioned, which is justice?Will there be justice for anyone who committed atrocities?There's so much evidence of the chemical attacks, the murders, the torture, the disappearances. What happens to that?","There are some bright spots of hope - the fact that we saw - that we're starting to see indictments in European courts. You know, interestingly enough, a lot of people who were perpetrators of some of the worst crimes inside Syria, whether they did it in the name of the regime or in the name of an opposition, have found themselves in Europe and, therefore, sort of subject to European justice because other Syrians have recognized them. Other Syrians have identified them. And there might be hopes that there can be an accountability in that sense.","But I think inside Syria, you know, the actual architects of most of this - of this incredible disaster still remain at large. And not only at large or in power, but about to potentially be incredibly enriched by the reconstruction that, in theory, is coming to Syria.","So what do you think the road ahead looks like for Syria?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : They did not actually build something physical, they created the situation of the disaster."} +{"dialogue":["Even 43 years ago, the - climate change was an issue. We just didn't know it yet. Among the things that was occurring that has occurred since then has been an amazing improvement in climate science.","There has been - there were very few meteorologists beyond those doing the, you know, the daily weather reports. Climate science was not a big thing because climate had not been changing. I mean, the period since the beginning of agriculture, 11,000 years ago, has been one of rather remarkable climate stability. So the idea of climate change is a relatively recent concept. And then - and the process of human-driven climate change is quite recent historically.","And we look at, oh, I guess, probably the biggest example is looking at the past through either tree rings or ice cores to get an idea of what has happened in previous periods of climactic change.","Yeah. It's - I mean, we look at these indirect indicators to sort of reconstruct earlier periods in the earth's history or in human history. And what we do know is that for the 11,000 years since agriculture began, things have been sort of stable. But now, suddenly, the farmers now on the land are the first generation of farmers to have to cope with climate change. I mean, we've always had to. When I was farming back in the '50s, we had to worry about weather, you know, and how the weather would affect that particular year's crop. If climate change was not on the - on our minds then, we didn't even know that we were we were going to be changing climate as we now are."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved."} +{"dialogue":["The fighting between Israel and the Palestinians reminds us that world events do not wait for changes of leadership in Washington. President-elect Barack Obama will not take office for another three weeks, which means he'll watch from the sidelines as the current administration responds to a crisis that Obama will inherit very soon. For some analysis of this moment, we're joined now by NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, who's with us most Mondays. Hi Ron.","Good to be with you, Madeleine.","Well, so how much is President-elect Obama being consulted on the U. S. response at this point?","Not so much consulted as kept informed. He gets regular security briefings, of course. He had one on Sunday. He has had conversations with Secretary of State Rice, and he is expected to talk today to his own incoming national security adviser, General James Jones, and also to Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, who is his own nominee, of course, for Secretary of State. She's certainly sharing in a lot of the information. She's a senator; she's on Armed Services; she's been immersed in much of this for many years; she's had top clearances; and I'm sure the Obama folks are sharing with her.","And how much does his stated policy regarding the Middle East - how much does it differ from the Bush administration's?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Obama is not yet in power but is being kept informed of the situation"} +{"dialogue":["But I have to say, every time that I think, OK, now is the time I'm going to get in, this is a great buying opportunity, as everyone tells me, every time I look at the stock market, it's gone down again, and I think, phew, it's the end of the day. Thank goodness I didn't buy in today. But then the next day, it happens again.","Yeah, I know. It's depressing. Looking at this market, the market is a reflection of worldwide psychology. So clearly, people around the world are depressed right now, and they're not optimistic about the future, which is sad.","But in the long run, the things that will make the most money are not pieces of rock like gold or liquids like oil or cash, which is just pieces of paper, but real growing companies that are servicing strong demographic trends.","It's impossible to call a bottom. Yes, all these stocks that are cheap could get cheaper, but now is certainly one of the best times to buy stocks that we've seen in the past 70 years. I mean, it's incredible, which is why Warren Buffett is out there buying stocks right now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The state of the stock market reflects the worldwide pessimism and depression"} +{"dialogue":["Holocaust survivors who lost property in Warsaw now have six months to reclaim it. But a new Polish law says that people who don't come forward by that deadline will not receive any compensation. The city will assume permanent ownership of their property. The World Jewish Restitution Organization has put together a database to help people track down their property. Gideon Taylor is the chair of operations for the organization. And he joins us now from New York. Mr. Taylor, thanks for being with us.","Thank you.","And what kind of property is listed?","So it's a mixture of buildings and empty plots. Warsaw was a thriving Jewish community. It was actually the second-largest Jewish community after New York before the Holocaust. And so there's a range of buildings and assets that were - originally belonged to Jews in what was a thriving, bustling Jewish community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Warsaw Jewish community was very prosperous before the Holocaust, but many of its assets were taken away from their rightful owners and now survivors have the opportunity to reclaim them."} +{"dialogue":["And now to Haiti, where things are settling down after three days of rioting in the capital, Port-au-Prince. A huge rise in food prices drove thousands of protesters and looters to riot earlier this week. U. N. troops moved in to protect parts of the capital. Meanwhile, President Rene Preval has begged for calm. Haiti is considered to be the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, and the unrest over a crippled economy may not be easy to squelch. Mara Schiavocampo is in Port-au-Prince right now. She is a digital correspondent for NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams. Mara, welcome to the show.","Thank you for having me, Tony.","You've been in the streets reporting on the story. What have you seen in terms of tension and unrest there?","Today, things are good. Public transportation is running. People are out doing their business, shopping. We went out, no roadblocks, no trouble at all. I can't say the same for the last few days. Yesterday was manageable. There were a few roadblocks, car fires, things like that, but it felt like the fire was dying down, so to speak. The last few days before that, things were very tense. Just coming in from the airport, we hit about a dozen roadblocks, burning tires, dumpsters, trash, with mobs of people that would come around the car."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The situation in Port-au-Prince has improved, but it was very tense and dangerous before."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, we've had our wine chosen by the White House twice, most recently just over a week ago.","Now, that must feel incredible. But you also have, you know, obviously a much wider market. How did you get into this business in the first place?","From the roots of a lot of African-Americans. My grandfather was a farmer in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and my father was - and my grandfather were home wine-makers, basically. In the old days in the country, you grew your own vegetables to eat, you raised your own cattle or chickens if you enjoyed those things or wanted those things, and if you wanted alcohol you made your own wine or different alcohols.","It's a far cry from doing this as something that you drink yourself to doing it as the kind of business you have. And it's still a family business, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Starting a wine-making business is a significant achievement."} +{"dialogue":["It is an example of how we can work together, from the scientific side, to generate very good data and answer the hard questions. As (inaudible) asked - are the things we do really impacting positively?It is also an example of how governments have worked together. When President Obama, Prime Minister Harper and the President Pena Nieto got together a couple of years ago, they signed this agreement. They established a high-level committee that has been working for these years. And we really wish we could have more of those cases. It certainly is an example to follow.","Just to remind our listeners, though, the numbers are still way down from where they were 20 years ago, so there's still a long way to go.","Jorge Rickards is field programs director from the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico. Thanks so much for speaking with us.","It's a pleasure. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico's field programs director, Jorge Rickards, has expertise and valuable insights to share on the topic of wildlife conservation."} +{"dialogue":["How big a deal is this for you, Freddie Hubbard?Is this sort of a moment of, you know, am I able to do and be what I once was or am I having to accept that time has put me in a different place?Are you sort of at that?","So much that because you have to realize at one time or another in your career when you get a little older, you can't do the things that you did before. Now, it's been very hard for me to accept that. I never - I felt like - I always felt like I could blow it and nothing would never happen until this happened. So now, it's - no matter how hard I practice, it just seem like I can't do the plays I did. But people tell me, they say, man, you don't have to prove nothing. All you have to do is play good enough to get your point across because you're not going to play like - I'm not going to play like I did when you played those earlier records. And I'm just - it's hard for me to accept that, you know, all I want is young (unintelligible) getting off on me, you know.","Let's go back to 1964. This is \"Breaking Point. \"","See, I was trying to play like a saxophone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : How important is this for the person and also they want to know if they are different now that they are older."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"neo-plagiarism\", which refers to a new form of plagiarism that arises from the abundance of information available online; \"creative labor\", which refers to the effort and skill required to find and curate valuable information."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.","Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.","Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.","Thank you very much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The days of capitalism defined by constantly increasing prices and reaching new highs are disappearing quickly."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the Republican reaction is pretty typical. Whenever we see Donald Trump act like a stress test on democratic institutions, Republicans in Congress are usually silent. They don't seem to be concerned by the president involving himself in an internal investigation or openly calling for the Mueller investigation to end unless they are Republicans who are not running for re-election. So we have heard some criticisms from Republicans who are planning to retire. In the past, Republicans have come to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions because the president has relentlessly humiliated and criticized him. And Republican senators have stood up for Sessions. He's become a kind of proxy for the rule of law. What we don't know is if firing Bob Mueller is a kind of red line for Republicans in Congress. That's really the big question.","So what do we know about the Justice Department?What are they saying about all this?","Well, there has been pushback from former DOJ officials who say this firing was inappropriate. We also know how Andrew McCabe has reacted. He said he was singled out and treated this way because of what he witnessed in the aftermath of the firing of James Comey. He says that he was fired to undermine the credibility of the Mueller investigation. We also know that McCabe made contemporaneous notes just like his boss, James Comey, did. All FBI agents are trained to do this. And coincidentally, James Comey is about to embark on a book tour, one of the highest-profile book tours ever.","Yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are complicit in Trump's attacks on democracy."} +{"dialogue":["Right.","It was, it's poignant because of Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopez having passed away.","Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?","Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.","Definitely. Definitely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The performance was emotional due to the death of Lisa Left Eye Lopez."} +{"dialogue":["Mr. Mayor, in the half a minute we have left, there a lot of people listening to you. A lot of people will be becoming familiar with Beaufort today. They might be moved to help. How can they?","Well, that's a great question. Let us do the initial damage assessment first. And again, I think the biggest thing right now is for those that did evacuate, please standby, be patient with us as we kind of blaze a path for you to return - a safe path for your return.","Rett Newton is the mayor of Beaufort, N. C. Mr. Mayor, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The mayor cannot guarantee a quick return for those who evacuated."} +{"dialogue":["The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S. military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S. Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.","It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?","Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.","Were these celebrities in some cases?","Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Theodore Roosevelt had specific ideas about what made a man manly"} +{"dialogue":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Dinosaurs might have used visual and vocal signals to communicate with each other."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment.","This was caused by some crisis to do with a run on the U. S. dollar, and gold flowing out of the United States Treasury and so forth, and so on. And you had really large numbers of the unemployed straggling along American roads looking for work. This is in an age of a lot of anxiety about hobos, and tramps, and the threat to public order that they might have represented.","And I think if we had had motion pictures from the 1890s, we would probably regard that as a great depression. But the key thing maybe to think about there is, it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1929. And maybe, even it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1930. It was something that kind of crept slowly and sickeningly upon people.","And this thesis that really it's the information revolution, it's the online world in exchange of all that we know, this thesis probably is not such a big factor, you think, in what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The depression of the early 1890s was the closest event of real hardship that people could compare to the Great Depression"} +{"dialogue":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure."} +{"dialogue":["And now we're going to move from talking with mental health experts to someone who has lived addiction. Jonny W. lost almost everything to a gambling addiction. Thank you for coming in and being with us.","Thank you for having me here today.","Well, you know, let's start at the beginning. When did you start gambling?","Mr. W. : Well, I started at the ripe old age of about 12-years-old. And at that particular time, it was just a matter of fun and hanging out with my friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Gambling was initially a harmless and enjoyable activity"} +{"dialogue":["Which might help to explain why the Office of the Special Counsel has said that the document described does not exist because you wrote in the book it was a, quote, \"draft indictment,\" which sounds like something a little different.","Well, yeah. I guess it depends upon how you define a draft indictment. Yes. And I think it's very possible. I mean, the special counsel, when it responds, has become quite a gifted prevaricator. It is quite possible that they responded accurately but that nevertheless this document exists and goes to trying to understand a very significant moment in the thinking of the special counsel.","So the statement from Peter Carr, Robert Mueller's spokesman, is the documents described do not exist. You insist you have a document in your possession and maybe the difference here is on the word described. He thinks you described it wrong.","It is quite possible, yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Office of the Special Counsel has the document described, but it may not be called a 'draft indictment.'"} +{"dialogue":["Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.","We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?","You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.","As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again."} +{"dialogue":[". . . In terms of choices. I mean, am I wrong about that?","You know, that research is still in the early stages as well. And I don't want to undermine it or underplay it, but you have to think about things sort of globally. And one thing that you can do is - if you're concerned about sunscreen use is you can just be extra careful about covering up.","So I know for my own kid, the swimsuit I got for him has long sleeves. And I'm always putting, like, a big hat on him. So you're telling me that's not overkill.","That is not overkill. That's actually a great idea. You know, there are a lot of sun-protective clothing on the market now, so that will help protect the environment 'cause you're using less sunscreen. And it will also help protect you against any potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","In the end, how big a deal is this study published by JAMA?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Covering up with sun-protective clothing is a good idea."} +{"dialogue":["So why did some members of Congress choose to vote for the bailout bill and some against it. We've got two prominent members of Congress who made up their own minds and made different choices. A little bit later, we're going to talk to Representative Sheila Jackson Lee of Texas who voted against. But first we have Representative Maxine Waters of California, who voted for. How are you?","Hello. How are you doing today?","I'm doing great. So you voted for this bailout bill, why?","This is a rescue effort that has caught everybody by surprise. The fact of the matter is not only do we have to be concerned about our financial institutions and the market, we've got to be concerned about trying to do something to stem the tide of foreclosures and keep people in their homes. And part of this bill had in it a modification plan. We're going to acquire, that is buy up all of these toxic paper, or bad paper from these financial institutions. We then have an opportunity to do the kind of modification that we've been urging all along.","In addition to that, we have small businesses that are at risk. These small businesses that depend on banks for loans to make the payroll will literally go out of business. And we have the smaller minority bank, many of them who had their money invested in Fannie and Freddie when it was taken over, and they've lost all of their investment in that preferred stock. So we're trying to stem the tide of this devastation, to get the market stabilized and to protect the average citizens."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The bailout bill is necessary to help homeowners avoid foreclosure and help small businesses stay afloat."} +{"dialogue":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The reality of the war with North Korea does not seem like a realistic threat to South Koreans due to their fast-paced and materialistic lifestyle."} +{"dialogue":["And did people confront you?","The Daily Stormer readers clearly thought it was me from the comments that were directed at me that very clearly said that I hope - Dean better hope he dies of natural causes before we get him, things like we should hang him from an elm tree. And in their comments, they clearly saw - thought I was a terrorist. And just so it's clear for people, The Daily Stormer is not your average white supremacist neo-Nazi publication, if there is such one. It is one where readers go to, they exchange information. They animate each other into action.","And readers of The Daily Stormer have committed acts of violence. James Jackson, who I wrote about that May 2017 article, came to New York in March from Maryland to start a race war and killed an elderly African American man and thankfully was arrested before he could kill others. And others have read this publication. So when they say confront you there, it's not a normal publication saying, go challenge his opinions. It is direct action, encouraging people to literally confront me and to commit acts of violence.","OK. But I'm just curious about why, if you feel that these people are promoting and fomenting violence, why isn't this a criminal matter as opposed to a civil matter?I mean, a civil matter is between two private parties, and the only consequence could be money, right?That's the only way it can be a remedy. But if you feel that this group is actually encouraging violence, why isn't this a criminal complaint?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Daily Stormer readers are not just exchanging information but also inciting each other to commit violent acts."} +{"dialogue":["Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.","And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.","So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?","Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.","And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Xi Jinping needs to appear strong and defend the interest of the Chinese people during the sensitive political season"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.","(Singing)","In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it","This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S. in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?","I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.","But you came over so young."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It's important to receive constructive criticism for personal growth."} +{"dialogue":["What does the president want?Do we know?","That is the question. And it seems to be constantly changing. On Tuesday at the White House meeting, the president told lawmakers essentially, if you come up with a compromise, I'll sign what you send me. And so they did come up with a. . .","Yeah, he said I'll sign it. I'll take the heat. Yeah.","Exactly. And so they thought they had done that. And he rejected it. The White House has never put a particularly fine policy detail on what they want. I think it's fair to say he wants a win. And on this issue, it's tough for him because he needs to be able to bring something back to his base on a key issue in his campaign but also come up with a deal that Democrats can vote for."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Interracial interactions can be negatively impacted by implicit racial biases that individuals may not even be aware they possess, highlighting the importance of awareness and education around these biases to promote understanding and positive interactions."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"curator's code\", which refers to a set of ethical guidelines for curating content on the web; \"legacy term\", which refers to a term that has been inherited from an earlier time and may no longer be entirely relevant or appropriate; \"grab bag\", which is used here to describe the various components of plagiarism that don't necessarily fit neatly into one category."} +{"dialogue":["Does either party see political damage in permitting a shutdown?","Nobody wants a shutdown. I do believe that's true, although I do think that on this issue - more than a lot of issues - that passions are really high because it's not just talking about fiscal policy or some other thing. We're talking about human lives. And human lives are at stake, and families are at stake. So it's not going to be an easy puzzle to solve.","NPR's congressional correspondent Susan Davis, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The issue being discussed involves human lives and families, making it emotionally charged and difficult to solve."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Scott. You're going to have to work on your inflection if you want a new job.","Uh - (mumbling). Want a new job?Did you hear something. . .","ESPN.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Well, one of the first things you do when you find out somebody who shares your name is say, oh, where's your family from?So I told him my family was Romanian and many had come over after World War II. And he told me when I asked him that his family was indeed descended from a sort of aristocratic Austrian family and that he was clearly not wealthy now. There had once been a family fortune, but as he put it, mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","And so this acquaintance blossomed over the years, and so you got to know him a little bit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","You look ahead, and what do you see?Just life is going to be a kind of process of trying to figure out how to live on very reduced circumstances.","Yeah. And my grandparents raised me, and they did live through the Depression. And I've kind of gone back more and more to how they coped. I remember my grandmother telling me how they had to eat the kids' pet chickens for dinner.","Cutting back to two meals a day, that's two things, dire circumstances and also an enormous amount of self discipline."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Life is going to be a struggle due to limited resources"} +{"dialogue":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Implies a question as to whether any action has been taken to remove President Kabila from power."} +{"dialogue":["Were you surprised by these numbers?","Yeah, these numbers are pretty high, and it is surprising, and I think that on one hand they're sort of real because we've seen this change over the last two decades as the rates have slowly gone up, and on the other hand they're inflated a little bit, probably because of the way they were obtained.","These are - the CDC did a study, which is like polling data. They - it's called the National Representative randomized Cross-sectional Survey. And it's - this particular trial supposedly was done with land line and cell phone telephone surveys of all households who have children.","There was a similar study just published a couple weeks ago that was on autism, which showed the rate of autism was two percent of the population, which is also very high and was discussed just in the same way. But these are epidemiological survey data, and they're worth something. We have other data to show that the numbers are indeed going up."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : none"} +{"dialogue":["There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N. official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?","Yanghee Lee, the U. N. 's special rapporteur for human rights in Myanmar, has been denied entry. A U. N. fact-finding mission has been denied entry. If there was going to be a return - and this is premature - but if there was going to be a return, there would have to be some sort of international monitoring in place.","Myanmar sees most of the Rohingya as illegal migrants who originally came from Bangladesh generations ago. Bangladesh does not want them either. We're seeing a new generation growing up in refugee camps. In many ways, they are stateless people. Bangladesh is not giving newborns, for example, documents to show that they have any status at all in the country. So what is the way forward?","The bottom line is they - Rohingya have been in Myanmar for centuries. They have legitimate claims to citizenship there. And the notion that they're stateless or somehow they are kind of an alien people is nonsense. It is nonsense. It is a myth perpetrated by the authorities in Myanmar. So yeah, the government of Bangladesh should have policies that are tolerant and willing to take care of the Rohingya for as long as they need to be taken care of. But the culprit here is the government and the military in Myanmar."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The government and military of Myanmar are responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. It's - there's a sovereignty aspect to that long-standing confrontation. You know, both sides have been pitied against each other for a long time. The new leader, Park Geun-hye, has made it clear - has been quite explicit actually about naming human rights as an issue that would have to be dealt with in North Korea. But she's also reaching out a hand and is likely to offer opportunities for dialogue with North Korea as a way of stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship.","Stabilizing that relationship means, of course, leaving all those millions of people in North Korea in, well, dire conditions.","Well, that's true in the sense that Park is not pursuing the alternative of total confrontation. At the same time, you know, the one thing that I think seems to be clearer up to now is that none of the countries have been willing to risk that sort of military confrontation in order to drive external change in North Korea.","Has China, the most influential outside force in North Korea, has China handled the new leader more warmly or more distantly than his father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The stabilization of inter-Korean security relationship will not improve the dire conditions of North Koreans."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, that's something that I wouldn't say I'm worried about, but it's definitely something that I'm thoughtfully considering, as well as I know my colleagues will be.","So how do you protect against that risk?","I do feel like that fear is overstated when it comes to the IPO tax. No. 1 - it's a very small tax. We're talking about 1. 5% on the immense wealth that'll be flowing in when these companies go public. I'm very interested in ensuring that we have a balanced economy here in San Francisco that includes a tech sector but also supports other sectors that haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","Now, San Francisco is a city where a family of four earning $117,000 a year qualifies as low-income, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Explaining that the fear related to the IPO tax is overstated and that a balanced economy including other sectors should be supported"} +{"dialogue":["That's an excellent question, and we're particularly challenged in this regard. On the Princeton campus, we have the only Civil War memorial in the world, as far as I know, that lists the names of students who died both for the Southern cause and the Northern cause but without indicating the side for which they died.","So the official Civil War memory as it was encoded on this campus was what we would call a reconciliationist memory. Each boy was equally right. Each boy was fighting for the side that he believed in. And it's a way of remembering the Civil War that completely erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war. So this tension between remembering and commemorating is front and center in a monument on our own campus.","And so what are your thoughts on that tension?","(Laughter) I don't think we need to change our Civil War monument. I think it's an artifact of a particular historical time, and I think it's a wonderful starting point for a conversation about why Princeton chose to remember her alumni in that particular way."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Civil War monument on Princeton campus erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war."} +{"dialogue":["It's kind of laid back and peaceful. That's how we kept it this whole protest. We've been peaceful. And, you know, we're all looking after each other just like we would down in the mine. We got each other's back.","Are you supporting a family?What's it like living without the paycheck that you've been expecting?","Well, it's rough, I mean, you know. But I'm fortunate. It's just me and my wife. Our kids is grown.","You've spent your career working in the coal mines."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, Mr. Pruitt approached deregulation with enthusiasm. Quickly, could you just give us a sense of his principal achievements?","He had actually very few achievements. He has many proposals in the pipeline. But most are in the pipeline, and most are deeply flawed.","So not likely to go zipping along and become new regulations.","I think that many will probably be revisited and, if they want them to be successful, will have to be adjusted and pay more attention to the law and pay more attention to science and protection of the environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Mr. Pruitt did not achieve much despite his enthusiasm for deregulation"} +{"dialogue":["He ended up in a small town in Alabama where he did have an encounter with a local police officer. At that point, he told police he had had a canoeing accident. They led him to a local motel. He checked in, paid cash. The police came back later to try to locate him. And by that time, he'd wandered off into the woods.","Why might Mr. Schrenker want people to believe he was dead?","Well, it turns out he faces just a host of financial problems, also some personal problems, I might add. The Indiana Securities Division, the Indiana Insurance Commissioner are both looking into very serious allegations of misappropriated money from his financial company.","And do you think, even given these problems, he might have had enough assets to help him flee the country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He did not have a canoeing accident, he was running away from something."} +{"dialogue":["So him and two of his friends were watching Anwar al-Awlaki videos online. And they decided they were going to go join primarily the Taliban. And they traveled to Pakistan. When they got there, they met a number of different connectors and ended up with - actually, with al-Qaida. And al-Qaida realized the benefit of these three Americans that were there. And they sent them back to commit an attack here.","There seems to be real agreement between prosecutors and the judge that Zazi is a changed man. What happened?","Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S. - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.","Do we know why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Zazi did not change physically but changed his personality."} +{"dialogue":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"What evidence do you cite? What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?\""} +{"dialogue":["And now it's letter time. Our editor, Sasa Woodruff, is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I'm doing fabulously. So, what are folks saying this week?","Well, our series on race and our discussions on California's measure to ban gay marriage got the most hits this week. Jenny Livingston(ph) in Brooklyn, New York wrote in after hearing one of our discussions about Prop 8. She wrote: As a supporter of the Obama campaign, I was ecstatic about the Obama victory. Then the news the next day about Prop 8 and about other civil rights setbacks for lesbian and gay and transgender families flavored our victory with more than a dash of bittersweet. I like your piece the other day, as I always like your show. But I think it could have gone much deeper. The question I wanted to hear more directly addressed was, is the black community and Americans at large open to seeing gay, lesbian, transgender rights as a civil rights issue?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The victory of Obama was flavored with sadness after Prop 8."} +{"dialogue":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S. to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told."} +{"dialogue":["Are there times in history when the U. S. has had a growth rate of 3 percent?","Yes, it's been quite common. I mean, if you look back over the last 200 years - and the Trump administration says this - we have grown at 3 percent. And we don't want to give in to this idea that we now have a lower growth rate. They see that as giving up. The issue right now - growth is a combination of your labor force, how fast you're adding workers to the economy and how productive those workers are.","So labor force productivity has been slow for the last decade. And the demographics in our country, the aging of the baby boom, means that the workforce is not growing as quickly as it used to. Those two things together explain why we've had 2 percent growth, and demographics are really baked in. So unless you're going to increase immigration, the labor force isn't going to grow at the rate that it did in the 1970s and the 1980s. That puts the onus on productivity. Boosting productivity was what the Trump administration is going to have to do to get 3 percent growth.","And that would entail what?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Implies that the aging of the baby boom and the lack of immigration are reasons why the growth rate is slower and that the Trump administration will need to focus on boosting productivity to reach the 3 percent growth rate."} +{"dialogue":["If there's one politician that you could interview, which one would it be?","I probably would have to say that if there's one person I'd want to interview, it'd probably be President Trump. I think right now would be - to interview most. But, I mean, there's obviously - it's a huge field right now. And I'm definitely hoping that there'll be more than one of the 2020 candidates I'll be able to spend some time with in the next few months.","Gabe Fleisher, writer of the political newsletter Wake Up To Politics and current high school junior. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's not a field, but a large number of people the person would want to interview."} +{"dialogue":["I do not believe in curses, but I do believe jerks can earn comeuppance. That night, Cubs fans behaved shamefully and cursed at the club they love into a panic and out of the World Series. Over the years, Steven Bartman has declined comment and turned down all offers to cash in on his notoriety with commercials, books, interviews or appearances. The Chicago Cubs finally won the World Series last year for the first time in 108 years. This week, the club gave Steven Baartman a World Series ring, just like the one they gave their players, with 108 diamonds. A ring like that is not just some public radio tote bag.","Although I do not consider myself worthy of such an honor, Steve Bartman said in a statement, I am deeply moved and sincerely grateful. I humbly receive the ring not only as a symbol of one of the most historic achievements in sports, but as an important reminder for how we should treat each other in today's society. This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.","(Singing) And I run for home. And we win the game. And it's what you'd call a dream. And the sun shines like diamonds.","Brett Rigby. And you're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.\""} +{"dialogue":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Emergency responders are not currently out due to high winds."} +{"dialogue":["The World War II submarine veterans that survived - most people don't know this, but submarine service was the deadliest service to be in during World War II. So these guys wanted to honor all their lost friends. And ironically, they had to use spring floods to actually put it in place, and we're going to have to use spring floods or early summer floods to put it back in place, so full circle, you know?","Yeah. So I'm talking to you, of course, on Memorial Day. You had a whole ceremony planned at the memorial park. What did you all have planned?","Well, another thing that we have on the ground is a piece of the USS Oklahoma, one of the battleships that sunk at Pearl Harbor. And we were actually going to do what we call a tolling for all the people who perished on board the USS Oklahoma. So it's over 400 people. It's a beautiful ceremony. And that's the painful thing is that everybody's off today, but we don't feel complete because we're not doing what we want to do. We're not honoring the people that have given their lives for this country. And it's kind of - I don't know. I don't know how to take it. It's weird.","Well, Brent Trout, thank you so much for taking the time to speak with us. And we wish you luck in the coming days as you watch what happens with the water there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Not being able to honor the fallen soldiers on Memorial Day is painful."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?","Well, in the mice that we've looked at, they were effective throughout the lifespan of the animal. So they were present, having their action and, you know, ultimately the animals do die. But it raises the question of, well, what about if we re-dose the animals?Would we have an even longer effect?Would we increase even the area that the stem cells were able to engraft in?Would we have a better effect?You know, that is where the investigations now need to go.","All right. Dr. Snyder, thank you for taking time to be with is today and happy holiday to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Stem cells are more stable and safe than cells but can become any cell type"} +{"dialogue":["Wow. I guess the submarine floats. It's still watertight.","Well, you know, we were wondering about that because, you know, it was built in America - built to last. So would it still be floating after all these years?And the answer is, yes, it is floating. Half of it is floating. So we had to strategically float some aspects of it and bury some aspects of it. The goal was to get the rudder to dig into the ground almost as an additional anchor point, which is something that, you know, for a bunch of museum professionals, you'd never anticipate having to do.","Now, I gather there is some concern if the Batfish were to break free of the lines you're trying to secure it with and - what?- float on down the river, what would - what are you preparing for here?","Well, that was a huge concern on Thursday and Friday. So some of the lines started snapping, and we were actually on-site when the lines started snapping, and it was probably one of the scariest things I've seen in my life. So it was in danger of floating down the river, which the main concern would be that it would float down and hit a dam. And if it would have hit the dam - see, Muskogee already had a problem with loose barges. Had they actually breached a dam, it would have wiped out communities completely instead of just giving communities time to evacuate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Loose barges had already caused problems in Muskogee."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, that's another thing. So sometimes what happens to, you know, big scientists, you know, scientist that really have been enormously successful, is that as they grow older they don't feel as if they can continue, you know, with kind of mainstream incremental science after they have done something really big in the past. And as a result they adopt something that is completely outside of mainstream because they think, a-ha, maybe I'll make yet another huge contribution.","And that has happened to Pauling with Vitamin C. And it happens to others too, you know, that at old age they suddenly pick up on something. Yes, it happened to Hoyle, Fred Hoyle, who is another person that I discuss on the concept of how did life evolve, you know, and so on. It's not a topic I discuss much in the book, but he started saying that probably all of life on Earth came from outer space and things like that and so on. So it happens.","Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Mario Livio, author of \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein,\" talking about great blunders that happened. Speaking about those kinds of blunders late in life, Bill Shockley, who was one of the inventors of the transistor, also got into trouble about views about racism late. . .","Yeah. Unfortunately it is more common than we would like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Some successful scientists adopt unconventional approaches after achieving something significant."} +{"dialogue":["So essentially, it's because we've designed the car around a typical male body. So the most commonly used car crash test dummy is based on the fiftieth percentile male, and that is too tall and too heavy. It doesn't account for things like the differences between male and female pelvises. Women often don't sit in what's called the standard seating position. They have to sit much further forward in order for their legs to be able to reach the pedals. And we haven't developed a seatbelt to account for pregnancy. So there were basically just all these ways that we have designed a car to ignore female bodies.","This isn't a conspiracy. This isn't people wanting women to die. No one wants their mum to get into a car and be in much more danger than they are. So the only way I think you can really explain it is this incredibly pervasive cultural bias that we just don't realize that we're forgetting women. We just don't notice it.","One of the things that I found interesting in your book, among many, is that obviously, data in the modern world is so important. We have quantum computers shaping all sorts of things in our life. But if the data is faulty that is being fed into these computers, then it could have an enormous impact on the algorithms that deal with so many things.","Yeah. I mean, that is a huge concern. You know, I have no confidence that the tech community really has a handle on how male-biased the data is upon which they are training their supposedly objective algorithms."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There is no handle, just an understanding of the data being male biased."} +{"dialogue":["Right. And the car companies wanted a bigger tax credit for consumers to buy their cars, and they didn't get that.","And I think one of the controversies over that is, who do you give it to and what do you give it for?Because you have to remember that GM, Ford and Chrysler build a substantial number of cars in Mexico and Canada. You also have carmakers like Toyota, Honda and Mercedes building cars in the United States. So, would it be American-built or built by an America-based company?And that is part of the reason why we're not seeing that.","So, GM and Chrysler will be unveiling their plans on Tuesday. What if they don't pass muster?What if Treasury doesn't like them?","First of all, the plans that they unveil on Tuesday, they will then have to go back and then finalize the terms by March 31st. There's an expectation by some people in the auto industry that they will go to the Treasury Department, say, your terms are too strict for us. Look at the economy, we can't possibly meet them. And that they'll just rewrite the terms of these loans. In fact, I would say there's a pretty wide expectation of that happening. But when the Bush administration actually gave the loans, they said that the money was meant to possibly pave the way for an orderly Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. And so, now the question will be, can they actually restructure, or will we see one of these companies file for bankruptcy?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : GM and Chrysler will be revealing their plans on Tuesday and what if they are not good enough or liked by everyone."} +{"dialogue":["Quite a bit. They know nothing is going to happen unless Washington can help some way. That's why they want to hear the president come here and talk about people like them. And I guess I want to make it clear that nobody really wants a handout here. That's not what this is about. Nobody wants the president to come in and somehow bail out Elkhart. What we want is a chance to get back to work.","So, what is the big industry there?I've read that RVs are a big industry.","This place is commonly referred to as the RV capital of the world and, they build RVs; they build trailers; they build auto parts here. Basically, this is a place that makes stuff, and we can make virtually anything. And if this economy does shift to a green economy, if we start developing green energy sources, we can make the parts necessary to make that happen.","So, if you have a 60,000 population there and 16,000 people are out of work, that's nearly a third.","Mm-hmm. The county is bigger than 60,000, of course, and the county is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People want to work hard for things. "} +{"dialogue":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S. in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Proclamations have the same effect as executive orders"} +{"dialogue":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Giving kids something to drink or chew on can help alleviate ear pressure"} +{"dialogue":["And first we need to give a tip of the hat to Sports Illustrated and a story by Richard Deitsch, which caught our eye. And it detailed the lengths that women sportscasters, like yourself, are going to try to protect their security on the road. One woman said she actually travels with Band-Aids to put over hotel door peepholes. Do you do the same thing?","No, and to be honest, I read that and went, oh, I had never thought about that and went wow, that's a pretty good idea. But before Erin, I had never thought about a peephole, period. And I'm guessing most women who travel, period, would say the same thing.","What are some of the protective measures that you do take when you're traveling to games?","It can be as simple as when I walk into an elevator, I never open the envelope that holds the card so anybody can look into it and see what room number I am. I'm very aware of making sure that I feel as protected as I can. One time I was in the elevator, someone walked in real close before it was shutting and kind of jumped in with me and didn't press a button and said, hello, Laura Okmin. And it could be as simple as just somebody who happened to recognize me and was going to the same floor, but I think my antenna was raised enough to just stand there. And then when I walked out, he walked out. I walked back in, and I went downstairs to the lobby and I switched my room."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that the global migrant crisis is much bigger than most people think, and that many people are risking their lives in order to have a better life. ChatGPT The global migrant crisis refers to the large number of people who are forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution, poverty, or environmental disaster"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","So trains stopped running. Water supplies were disrupted. Gas stations couldn't pump gas, so there were long lines at those stations that could. Phones and the Internet were disrupted. It happened on a day in Argentina - in parts of Argentina, where there were gubernatorial elections. These actually still went ahead, but people had to use their cellphones. . .","Wow.",". . . To give themselves enough light to vote by. And it also happened on Father's Day, when people were hoping to go out for Sunday lunch but had to cancel because, you know, restaurants and businesses were shut. It took all day to get the lights completely back on; they are now back on. But people have a lot of questions about what precisely happened and what's going on in the region."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The power outage caused chaos and inconvenience to people's lives."} +{"dialogue":["Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.","I'm glad to be here.","Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?","It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Molly is glad to be part of the news business, since there is always something interesting to report on."} +{"dialogue":["She always continues to say throughout is public sentiment is everything. And at the time of the - of President Clinton's impeachment, while what he did was reprehensible, he was impeached for political reasons. I don't think - Democrats do not believe that they're going down this road for political reasons. This is not about politics. This is strictly about the Constitution and the right of Congress to do its job for the American people.","Can I ask you about her ability to deal with strong personalities?I mean, she's very often been one of the few women in the room. She's small in stature, but clearly, she has an ability to hold her own with big personalities, loud personalities. And was just wondering, you know, where does that come from?How does she do it?","Everyone always tries to underestimate her, but they've learned their lesson. And what she brings is she brings power, real power, whether as the Democratic leader where Republicans needed Democratic votes to pass certain things, whether the speaker of the House. Being speaker of the House provides an enormous amount of power. And I think all these men across the past and currently now know it and understand it. And they should never underestimate her.","What do you think is Speaker Pelosi's major skill as speaker?What do you think is the secret to her success as speaker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Implying she is underestimated because she is a woman."} +{"dialogue":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S. presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Economists gained significant influence over public policy in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s."} +{"dialogue":["I know as far as me in the glamour I always go back to self-responsibility. It really does have to start with the person. They have to make a choice to want to get educated about HIV, and learn about it. And I really think that people should realize that it's a 100 percent - 100 percent preventable disease. It's a disease you don't have to get. It is something you have to acquire. So, I really want people, you know, to get that in their head. Like, quit blaming, you know, the media, or rap videos, or you know, school systems. It really has to start with you.","If you had to describe in one word what keeps you going when you're down, what would it be?","Life. You know, just me. I'm my own motivation, I'm my own role model, you know, I love me, and I'm very happy, you know, that HIV presented itself in my life. You know, a lot of people would regret it or whatever, but it really taught me self-love, self-acceptance, and self-responsibility. And that's the best thing I could possibly ask for.","Well, Marvelyn, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : HIV is preventable, but it requires individuals to take responsibility for educating themselves about the disease."} +{"dialogue":["Well, in some states, let's say New Mexico, Latinos went for Obama 69 to 30. So that was quite decisive. And in Colorado, it was also a decisive victory, 73 to 27 for Obama.","You know, thinking back to the primaries, there was a question at one point about whether Barack Obama would be able to appeal to Latinos. This was sort of one of the great problems he was supposed to have. And he seems to have solved that problem rather decisively.","Now, let's talk about white voters. That was also a big question mark. And he did get a firm portion of white voters, the largest share of white support of any Democrat in a two-man race since 1976. But still more white voters went for McCain.","One of things that Obama was able to do is shrink that margin. Republicans tend to do better with white voters and have traditionally done better. So, it's not surprising that they went to the Republican. What's important for Obama as a governing matter is that he was able to shrink that margin, that he doesn't seem to have a quote, unquote \"problem\" with those kinds of voters. Again, this was a big issue during the primaries and in the general election, and, in fact, among younger white voters, he did quite well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Obama received significant white support but still lost the white vote"} +{"dialogue":["That's right. And my experience has taught me that, first of all, the role of the diaspora is very important and what was also called sometimes the reversal of the brain drain, in the case of India, for example. I wish that many Somalis come back to Somalia to contribute to the rebuilding of the country. So I thought I should pitch my message to the community, in this case in Minnesota, and to appeal to their involvement so that we can sustain the progress that was made.","You gave this speech in Minnesota, where I understand your son has just graduated from high school. Congratulations. So what does he think of your advice to come home?","Of course I have made the appeal to him as well.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The brain does not reverse but the person's opinions do change."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly. I mean, just how it sounds. You know, there's three guys on the court for each team, instead of five. I guess a close parallel might be what they did for the Olympics, bringing in beach volleyball to accompany, you know, regular volleyball. So it's a little bit like that.","And you play outdoors, right?","Outdoors, yep, in some beautiful venues, too, yeah. Here in Amsterdam, we're outside the Rijksmuseum, you know, one of the biggest museums in Amsterdam.","Oh, my gosh. That's a beautiful museum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The fact that the game is played outdoors is being confirmed."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Mr. Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) Will stock markets still be gaily rising? Implied Meaning: Will stock markets still be increasing in value?"} +{"dialogue":["Different things. Some people have heard of the Ig Nobel Prize, many have not. To some of them - there have been some winners who have been waiting for it for years. More typically they're not quite sure what it is. Our standard policy, which - it has a few twists now and then. But in general, when we've chosen somebody, we will quietly get in touch with them, offer them the prize and give them the opportunity to quietly to decline the honor. And if they say no, that's fine, that's it. We never mention it. We don't even keep records. We give it to somebody else. But happily for us, not many people decline. Almost everybody accepts.","And some of them - do they actually go on to win the real Nobel Prize?","That's happened at least once. In the year 2000, we gave the Ig Nobel Prize in psychics to two physicists in England, Andre Geim and Michael Berry, who were, and are, quite eminent physicists. They won the Ig Nobel Prize that year for using magnets to levitate a frog. I don't know if you've seen the videos on the Web of that.","Yeah, yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Winning the Ig Nobel Prize doesn't discredit their scientific achievements"} +{"dialogue":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Is it possible for Mitch McConnell to get support from Democrats for a plan?"} +{"dialogue":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The financial crisis is recurring and becoming more severe each time it comes back."} +{"dialogue":["What has been done since then?And what still needs to be done to achieve a formal exoneration from the state of Texas for Timothy Cole?","Well there's an enormous amount. The first problem is that the court system in Texas is addicted to convictions and not very up on exonerations. We have created a very political system here in which egos are involved, politics are involved, and it's very, very difficult for judges and prosecutors to ever admit that they've convicted innocent people.","Do you have. . .","Because of that, we are running into a lot of obstacles."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There are many obstacles to achieving a formal exoneration for Timothy Cole due to the addiction of the court system to convictions."} +{"dialogue":["I'm great. So, you were hearing about Dr. Maxwell and her approach to sex and sexuality in the discussion between parents and kids. How do you think that conversation changes when you're talking about teen to teen?","Well, I think it's much better teen to teen because most of the teenagers, they kind of don't listen to their parents or adults. They think they don't know what they're talking about. And when you hear it from your friend or peer, they kind of take it more seriously. They're like, oh, I didn't know that. You know, and they believe it more.","Give me an example of a conversation - well, first of all, tell us what it means to do peer education. What kind of, you know, a space are you in?How many people are you talking to?Just give us a visual for that.","Well, a teen advocate is basically a teenager's resource. We help teens who have questions or concerns regarding sex, sexuality, dating relationships, dating violence and so on. And I kind of speak to roughly about three to four teenagers a day, and I'm constantly giving advice. We reach out to teens in our classrooms, community centers, MySpace, Facebook. We do everything from performing skits to community outreach to talking one-on-one with the teens. And because we care so much and our only concern is keeping teens healthy and safe, we advocate. Once a year we go up to Albany and lobby to legislators to pass the Healthy Teens Act,which is a piece of legislation that provides resources for schools to - that give comprehensive sex education."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Teenagers are more likely to take advice from peers than adults"} +{"dialogue":["It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.","It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.","(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.","And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Her life was a representation of the celebrated tradition of women warriors in France at that time."} +{"dialogue":["So ultimately, it ended up ruining my life in every capacity. It's affected my health, my family, my emotional and mental well-being and, ultimately, even jobs. You know, I've been offered all these amazing jobs of a lifetimes that I fought really hard to get and I beat out other candidates for. And each time the job would be offered to me, it would then be retracted because of my connection to Jeffrey Epstein.","So that's what led me to finally come forward because I had just reached a point where I was like, you know, this man was out buying second islands and second airplanes just to show off while I was struggling to feed myself and couldn't even get myself a good job because of him, you know?","Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Jeffrey Epstein was wealthy and showing off while I was struggling to feed myself"} +{"dialogue":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S. says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is no actual endgame - this is hyperbole talking about how the situation might end up "} +{"dialogue":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4): The implication is that the authorities were able to trace the perpetrators of the attacks by looking at cellphone conversations or texts."} +{"dialogue":["That raises the point - did he wind up being useful to the Qatar regime?","Well, the lobbyists said that they didn't make any specific asks of the people who went to Doha. But they just hoped, and it turns out they were right about this, that these people would say nice things about Qatar and just sort of start to change the conversation that they thought the president might be picking up on through the media that he listens to, the social media that he uses and the people that he has in the White House.","Alan Dershowitz - as an example, he wrote a very glowing column about his visit in The Hill newspaper. And then, people like Governor Huckabee tweeted a couple of nice things about Doha and how lovely it was. The radio host who went over, John Batchelor, actually broadcast from Doha for a week and then spoke very glowingly afterwards in very positive terms, you know, really saying that the U. S. ought to embrace this country more. And, indeed, when the emir visited the White House in April of this year, which, in and of itself, was a big move, the president seemed very friendly with him, very open to him and called him and his country a friend of the U. S. And so to these lobbyists' minds, what they did worked.","What are the implications of this new approach in lobbying?I mean, I'm wondering - would Qatar or some other power start trying to get close to the people who are Mar-a-Lago members and might see Mr. Trump over the relish tray?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Despite not making any specific requests, the lobbyists were successful in getting people to say positive things about Qatar."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There is an actual recent increase in intellectual ability among students."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. I think it still is hard for some categories of people, so I'm keen to support people from underrepresented groups in physics. But also, there are people who maybe badly need the money. People from less well-off households could be very good physicists but just don't have that financial cushion.","So I'm wondering what advice you'd give to a young woman pursuing a career in the sciences.","I'd encourage her to hang in there. It's not quite as easy for her as it is for her male colleagues, but it is getting better. And working in the sciences is fantastic. You'll never want for a job.","Jocelyn Bell Burnell is an award-winning astrophysicist. Congratulations on your award."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Most people don't have enough money to pay for school."} +{"dialogue":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : What evidence do you have for human intelligence decline?"} +{"dialogue":["Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.","The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.","Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?","Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They say the attorneys general is looking for information and they want to put a stop to it."} +{"dialogue":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr. James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr. James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr. James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The alert is suggesting that the provider should double-check to make sure they are entering the orders for the correct patient."} +{"dialogue":["I have to ask, Margaret - because you are also on the board of the White House Correspondents' Association - a moment this week when Sarah Sanders, the press secretary, declined to answer a follow-up question from NBC's Hallie Jackson, called on Jordan Fabian, a reporter from The Hill. He said, go ahead, Hallie. Has it reached a point where White House reporters should stand together and refuse to go along with the way the White House conducts briefings?","I have long encouraged both on the board - I just finished my term this week - and just individually as a reporter have long encouraged reporters to take care of each other in the briefing room. I think we did this at times during the Obama administration when there were reporters whose desire for questions was getting skipped over. And it's an option we have now. We can all be good neighbors to each other, and we can all help each other to be allies in our shared mission, which is to help provide information to the American public on burning questions of the day.","Margaret Talev, who covers the White House for Bloomberg, thanks very much. I hope you get some time to rest up this weekend.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the committee report - it's not unexpected - but the draft reports thus far says that the impeachment committee believes Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich has abused his power. Quoting from the report, \"The citizens of this state must have confidence that the governor will faithfully serve the people and put their interests before his own. It is with profound regret that the committee finds that our current governor has not done so. \"","It's quite voluminous. It's 60 pages or so of documentation of things beyond just what the federal prosecutor in Chicago has alleged that the governor has done, many reasons to impeach him beyond just the alleged criminal activity that he has been arrested and charged with.","Now, is there a rush to do this before - to possibly impeach the governor before Mr. Burris would be seated as the junior senator from Illinois?","The report is drafted without Burris' testimony. To consider, they would add it to it, I suppose, if he says something remarkable this afternoon. But they seemed to feel that they have enough evidence to move forward with the impeachment. The rush is really to just get him out of office before they have to grapple with a huge budget deficit here in the state of Illinois. The relationship between the Legislature and the governor has been dysfunctional for quite some time, and it's only gotten worse since his arrest last month."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Legislature wants to get the governor out of office before dealing with a huge budget deficit and the dysfunctional relationship between them."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for having me on.","You call this man's screed and his other provocative activity online - you call this booby traps. What do you mean by that?","I mean his goal is to provoke and sow division between the right and the left. A lot of the comments that he put in his manifesto are, essentially, things that he knew would be picked up by the world media and cause the right and left to get to each other's throats. Like, that was part of the goal - is to get people angry and fighting.","And can you give me an example?","Yeah. He brought up Candace Owens, who is a far-right YouTube personality and credited her for his radicalization, which is - cannot be true. He said that she was more extreme than him. This is a man who just shot dozens of people at a mosque. She's not more extreme than him.","He also mentions President Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups"} +{"dialogue":["If you ask the Tunisians in the streets what are their struggles daily, they will tell you economic problems. Tunisia is really facing tremendous challenges. We saw a decline of GDP per capita for Tunisians, which is unprecedented. Tunisians struggle in daily life. And then the currency is devaluating a lot. And so we are still really looking forward toward these elections if they could bring relief, economically speaking.","There are 26 candidates, more than even have run on the Democratic primary for president in the United States.","As surprising as it is. And I will tell you that in the beginning, there were actually about 90. But then only 26 made the legal requirements.","Are there any two or three who seem to be more prominent than the others right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Tunisians are the average people that go to work each day."} +{"dialogue":["I didn't worry about it too much, but I - you know, I love life. I love to be out there in the field with these scientists. I take the same precautions they take. If they're wearing respirator masks and goggles and latex gloves, then I wear the same - rubber boots, gowns or whatever. And I try and stay three feet or 4four feet behind them. I try not to let them hand me a giant fruit bat.","In one case, Lisa Jones-Engel did say, here, David. Pin this monkey to the ground while I take a blood sample from this other one. And I thought about that a little bit.","Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Lisa Jones-Engel asked me to hold a monkey down while she took a blood sample from another, which was not expected of me."} +{"dialogue":["Jon Foley, director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And this email from Mark in Burnsville, Minnesota: Is there a middle ground?Either you believe in evidence-based science or you don't. Some people seem unwilling or unable to accept facts that confront their belief systems and would rather live in a world that matches their internal security beliefs than deal with reality.","And I don't think, Jon Foley, you disagree with him on the science, but you disagree with him on the approach.","Well, I absolutely agree with him on evidence-based reality. I absolutely cannot - we - and never should have concede that. I'm a scientist, and I absolutely support the, you know, evidence-based view. That is one place where I will not back down on an issue at all. But I think it's really more of what we do about it and how we frame these conversations. So, you know, I will always stand by the idea that, yes, climate is changing. We are the cause of this. That is what the science is saying. That is absolutely true. We're not backing down from that at all."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Some people prioritize their internal beliefs over scientific facts"} +{"dialogue":["(Laughing) And the cover of the New York Post a couple days ago, \"Don't Let the Door Hit You. \"","Yeah. So sensitive is the New York Post. This was a guy whose first year, his nickname was the Man-genius, and that quickly came undone.","Devolved. OK, but what about Mike Shanahan of the Denver Broncos?I mean, he was there for 14 years. He won two Super Bowls. Why was he let go?","It's amazing. For about 10 years, you couldn't say the name Mike Shanahan without saying offensive genius. And I don't know if a lot of people thought that he lost the offensive genius, but there were circumstances to his firing. His team lost its last three games. If you end the season . 500, you know, with eight wins and eight loses, it's better to do it on an uptick than a downtick."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Mike Shanahan was fired despite his past success due to recent poor performance."} +{"dialogue":["I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.","Well, Ron. Thanks so much.","My pleasure, Farai.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think."} +{"dialogue":["Did we, maybe without noting it, pass a corner this week in which the Russia investigation - Mueller, Michael Cohen, all of that - has gone from examining if there was obstruction of justice to actual collusion with Russia by the Trump campaign?","That's why the Michael Cohen revelation this week seems to be so important. We've been talking about this for the better part of two years now. We've always been kind of dubious about whether or not there was an actual provable case of collusion, as opposed to obstruction. An active cooperation with the Russian interference would seem to be the collusion everyone's looking for. A lot of journalists and Democrats have thought it more likely that we would simply get an obstruction case, which might be easier to prove. But in the news of this week, we see a wider possibility.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The recent revelation about Michael Cohen seems to indicate that there was actual collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia."} +{"dialogue":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr. Bill Rhoden. Mr. Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse should not be shared with others"} +{"dialogue":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S. ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The US has failed to achieve its goals by trying to impose its standards of democracy and governance on foreign countries."} +{"dialogue":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Well, could payments like this then allow the defendants in this case - who obviously are either wealthy or supported by very wealthy people - allow the defendants to buy their way out of criminal punishments of any kind?","I think that's conceivable. But I think, in this case, there would still be punishment. It would - they would probably still be incarcerated, although it's a very opaque process. So it's not very clear. I mean, this is - these are not trials like in the United States where you can go in and watch the court proceedings unfold day after day. These are all very cloaked processes in Saudi Arabia.","Looming behind all of this, of course, is the crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, who's denied any culpability and, of course, is not on trial in any way. Does blood money offer him a way to wipe this case away without facing any particular accountability?","Well, it - not completely. But it does - you know, the Khashoggi children have been awfully restrained in their public positions about all of this. Right?They have not condemned the kingdom. They've not gone after Mohammed bin Salman. And this is a way to making sure they sort of stay quiet. This is a way for that to happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The implication is that wealthy people or those with access to wealth may be able to avoid criminal punishment by using blood money."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The consequences of the scandal go beyond those immediately involved and have raised questions about the integrity and fairness of elite college admissions."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Soul music by independent artists is scarce and difficult to find on the radio."} +{"dialogue":["Part of that's partisanship, but part of it is that white privilege allows white folks - and I'm white, so I mean, I know a little bit about the way we as white folks are viewed in this country. White folks have the luxury and the privilege of being mediocre. We can be mediocre, it's the same thing I hear everywhere I go when I speak at colleges, and I'm constantly told that the departments who were hiring in a school always say, we're looking for a black person, but we want to get the best black person, and we want to get the best Latino.","I've never heard anyone say, now we want to make sure we get the best white applicant. It's as if they're saying, if it's a person of color, they've got to absolutely be the cream of the crop and even then, we may not view them as that good. If they're a white person, they can be pretty mediocre, like a C student, George W. Bush, and that's OK.","But if you're, you know, the editor in the Harvard Law Review, and at the top of your class, oh, we don't know about you. You know, to me that's about white privilege.","Well - so, what's changed in how people perceive your message?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : White people are not held to the same standards as people of color when it comes to achieving success."} +{"dialogue":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The woman in front of you has more than 10 items, and you are annoyed about it."} +{"dialogue":["We do a lunch business. We are in the central business district of Cincinnati. And then we also do some progressively busier dinner period with the theaters at night.","Yeah. So, how is the lunch crowd now?","Well, the lunch crowd is down. We do have a lot of people who used to have business expenses that do not anymore, expense accounts. And downtown Cincinnati, I guess, has experienced its own economic shortfall with businesses moving out of town and what not. So, lunch has seemed to be down a little bit. I am part of a - it's called the Greater Cincinnati Independence of Independent Restaurant Owners - which is a dying breed, anyway - but we're all pretty lamenting the lack of business and just the current climate that we're trying survive in.","So, you are in your mid-40s, I think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The restaurant industry is struggling due to economic hardships."} +{"dialogue":["Microfauna, can't get enough.","Microflora and fauna.","That's right.","Excuse me, I just thought of - wow, and was this something he started out to do, I mean, as a scientist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Women are vulnerable due to lack of privacy and basic necessities"} +{"dialogue":["Congressman, welcome. Thank you so much for talking to us.","Thank you so much.","So the State Department put out a joint statement last night. It said in part that - I'm quoting here - \"Mexico will take unprecedented steps to increase enforcement to curb irregular migration\" - end quote. And those steps include deploying its National Guard to Mexico's southern border. So what other actions does the U. S. expect Mexico to take?","Well, let's keep in mind that Mexico right now is stopping about 250,000 people a year on the southern border. That is, they hold them, and they deport them back on the southern border. So that's a quarter of a million people that would be coming to the United States.","You know, I assume they're going to hopefully stop some of those buses where they have people coming in from the southern border, and they get quickly to the United States, or if it's a caravan walking that they will start dispersing those caravans. And I've heard that in the last couple of days, that is what they're doing. They're holding people more in the southern border. And I think that's one way they're going to be helping the U. S."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 4 : Mexico will start dispersing caravans and holding people more at the southern border to help the US."} +{"dialogue":["And they don't take into account what other areas of knowledge are developing. I think perhaps a solution that could be sought, one of many, is that the humanities consider colonizing the sciences. And what do I mean by that?I mean that humanity lives in a minute intersection of sensibilities, that is sense, the powers of sense; of cognitive patterns, the way we think.","We're very, very specialized, and we live in only a small segment of the whole universe of possibilities. I'm not talking about expanding into science fiction. I'm just talking about gaining a perspective that could somehow be - or validated by what we're learning from science at an exponentially increasing rate and making some better use of it in the creative and interpretive processes of the humanities.","That's a long speech, but you asked a difficult question.","Well, I'm actually - you brought up something in my mind. I'm thinking you brought up what C. P. Snow's \"Two Cultures\" argument was, you know, that they don't talk to each other, you know?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : None , I do not believe there is any here"} +{"dialogue":["Are Jews in Germany already hiding external markers of religion?","Yes, they have for quite some time. Jews in Germany who wear yarmulkes often wear baseball caps to hide their yarmulkes because there is a feeling of unease. There aren't incidents all the time. And yet, one doesn't want to court that sort of danger. That said, of course, there's a great wish that this doesn't have to be, that one can wear a yarmulke openly. And here on the streets of Berlin, generally, it is no problem. But no one wants to be the person where it is a problem.","Right.","And even - it's not just wearing kippahs. It's also speaking Hebrew, it's wearing Magen David Jewish star necklaces. Any outward sign can be a problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Jews in Germany are hiding their religious symbols due to safety concerns"} +{"dialogue":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr. Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Donald Trump is much worse than Nixon as a president and does not have the same level of political intelligence or ability to govern."} +{"dialogue":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S. consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Drilling for oil is not a viable solution to the problem of oil consumption"} +{"dialogue":["And eventually they found that the virus abided in giant fruit bats, a couple different species of giant fruit bat that were native to that part of Australia. The fruit bats had been roosting in trees, fig trees, eating figs and dropping pulp, dropping their feces and urine onto the grass beneath, and one of the horses had been staying in a pasture out there by those fig trees, had gone into the shade under the tree, had eaten the grass, picked up the virus, and then when she was brought back to the stable with the rest of her fellow horses, she passed the disease on to them, and they passed it on to the humans.","So it was spillover from a bat into horses. The horses became sort of amplifier hosts of the virus, and it spilled onward from them into humans. The mortality rate of that disease is around 50 percent.","And where is it now?I mean, has it popped up again since you wrote about it?","It has popped up, but like some of these diseases, it pops up, and there's an outbreak, a local outbreak, and the case of Hendra usually infects no more than one or two humans, might kill one out of two. In some of the other cases, like Ebola virus in Central Africa, it might kill a dozen or a few dozen people. There's been an outbreak going on in the Democratic Republic of the Congo this summer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The mortality rate of the disease is high and it has caused outbreaks in the past."} +{"dialogue":["As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.","But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?","That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.","You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Having the right connections, personality and know-how is essential for success."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The people involved in the rescue are risking their lives to help refugees based on their faith and compassion."} +{"dialogue":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The prehistoric people cleared huge areas for farming, terraced, built irrigation canals, roads, pyramids and structures."} +{"dialogue":["The investigations into the fatal Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes have revealed troubling details about safety. For example, Boeing was charging extra for a safety feature - one that might've helped the pilots in those flights. Boeing says it will now make that feature standard. We wondered whether the same could be true of safety features in cars.","Some new cars have features to avoid collisions or stay in a lane. Depending on the make and model, features like those could come standard or cost extra. David Friedman was acting administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and he's now on the policy side of Consumer Reports. Welcome to the studio.","Thanks a lot for having me, Ari.","Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking. I understand this is a technology that has been really widely adopted, largely because of a voluntary agreement where automakers said they'll make it standard by 2022. What does this do?How important is it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking.\""} +{"dialogue":["Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.","And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.","We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?","It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .","Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Russians might be helpful in this case due to their stance on Chechens being dangerous, although it's not certain"} +{"dialogue":["Well, social networks and blogs have moved ahead of personal emailing among the most popular online activities. This is according to the Nielsen Company, which monitors consumer behavior. And they say time spent on these social networking sites is growing three times faster than the overall Internet rate. And they say over two thirds of the world's online population now visits social networking and blogging sites. But the issue now is how to fund these sites, right?","Mm hmm.","So, like Facebook, for example, has a huge audience, a growing audience but has very relatively little obvious advertising compared to a site like MySpace, which is cluttered with ads but have seen their audience flatten. So, it's a catch 22 for some of these sites.","Well, speaking of social networks, a hugely popular site, YouTube, is having issues overseas. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies."} +{"dialogue":["What's the latest this morning, Jennifer?","Well, at the scene of the attack, they are cleaning up. The walls and the floor are covered in blood. The tables and chairs have been pushed aside to get to those dead and wounded. We didn't even get a death toll until this morning. That attack happened on Saturday night at a crowded wedding hall, more than a thousand guests there. Right now, we have families burying their dead, including 14 members of one family alone, so a pretty devastating attack here in Kabul.","And the Islamic State claimed that it carried out the attack, right?","It did claim that it carried out the attack, and it named the bomber as well. This is a group that has targeted the minority Hazara, mainly Shia Hazara, community again and again, and this was another instance of that. It claimed that it sent the suicide bomber into the wedding hall."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The walls and floors have a great deal of blood on them but are not covered."} +{"dialogue":["And why do you think Mr. Mueller should be fired?","Well, I think there have been a number of instances when bias has been demonstrated within the Mueller probe; also, the manner in which the team has been put together, the relationship between Mr. Mueller and Mr. Comey; and then finally, some of the details of the intelligence memo that we hope is made public this week would seem to indicate that no prosecution could ever be brought from the Mueller probe. And thus, its utility has been outlived.","Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The selection of Mueller's team members may not have been impartial"} +{"dialogue":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : People tend to trust larger banks more than smaller banks and leave more money uninsured in larger banks."} +{"dialogue":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Ibiza is the location where the video was recorded, not a person"} +{"dialogue":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The college president is struggling to find funding for students."} +{"dialogue":["And so my point is that with the fact that they didn't seem to have old and outdated technology, you couple that now with an administration that's new, that basically, I say he made it into the White House due to the speed of the Internet. So you have a bunch of people that are used to using Facebook, social networking, mobile phones and wireless connectivity, and then you take them back into what feels like the '80s. That's just not going to work.","It seems really bizarre. I have another question for you, and I don't know if you have the answer to it or not. Since the president - I want to talk about the BlackBerry again - since the president was allowed to keep his BlackBerry, are we to assume that there has been some sort of technological advancement with regard to security that the president's BlackBerry would have, that my BlackBerry and your BlackBerry don't have?","Yeah.","My BlackBerry and your BlackBerry sitting by the fire."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : He made into the White House because of how fast information is shared. If you take people back to a time when they did not happen no one will like it."} +{"dialogue":["Ultimately, with everything that's transpired since that conversation, I don't. I wish I could take it back. And often people will say, but then you'd have never had this essay. And it wouldn't have been the same. And I think, I could've written other essays. Yeah, ultimately I opened up something that was actually closed for me. When people read that piece, they said to me, oh, I wonder - I hope this was very healing for you. I hope you worked through what happened to you through this essay.","My reaction to that is, I actually did already work through that. There's a reason it took 17 years to write that piece - because I had to work through that, and the box was closed. And by opening it up again and bringing those people back into my life, ultimately it wasn't worth it. But I can't take that back now.","Listening to you talk about this, I'm struck by the fact that we are hearing now a lot from women who are writing and examining their lives in sort of powerful, astonishing writing. Do you think there's something wider at play?","I think people are really paying attention now. I think people don't have an option anymore than to hear us and listen. There is such fantastic momentum. And it's really only the beginning. But it thrills me to see the books being picked up right now and the stories we're seeing. And I want that momentum to just continue and crash through.","That was T Kira Madden. Her debut memoir is \"Long Live The Tribe Of Fatherless Girls. \"Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's not a closed box but a memory of an event that is no longer thought about."} +{"dialogue":["Kristen's reporting illuminated that one of their co-founders had been accused of harassment by multiple women. He was still very much part of the agency when Kristen's reporting came out. Soon after, he was suspended. And then a few weeks later, he quietly resigned. There are reports specifically from women that he groped them, that he made - I mean, I don't even know if I can repeat the comments that he made. There is one photographer from the agency who cannot speak about what she experienced because she has been silenced by an NDA.","A nondisclosure agreement.","A nondisclosure agreement.","We should say that he's denied those allegations. You followed up with your own report on this. So you've been looking into this. And I'm curious what the industry's reaction has been to your story and Kristen's story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The reporting brought emphasis to the harrassment so that others would notice."} +{"dialogue":["By the way, this is a health issue, too. This is just not an economic issue - 10,000 to 15,000 more people die of pollution from automobiles today than in car crashes. This is a national security issue. People say this is a single issue. This is all of these issues. And so these are investments that the vast majority are going to come from the private sector and private companies, not from the government. But the government does have a role, as it did when we went to the moon, as it did when we defeated fascism. And we're calling for an appropriate public investment to do that.","Now, you mentioned Republicans. The sad fact is, at the moment, that we're going to have to find a way to get this done without them because right now, we still have not seen the spirit of Teddy Roosevelt. We're seeing the spirit of Mitch McConnell, who will kill any climate change bill in its cradle if he has a chance. And that means we have to get rid of the filibuster. We have to prevent Mitch McConnell from stopping climate change. We have to let majority vote - one person, one vote - be the Democratic rule in the U. S. Senate. I'm the first candidate to say that. I hope others will follow so that we can get progress in this.","Is that a unifying message, though, in these divisive times?","Yes, it is unifying because everyone - Republicans and Democrats - have an interest in not letting America catch fire. So everyone is going to benefit from this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The issue of pollution caused by automobiles is a serious problem that needs to be addressed by investing in private sector and government; it is not just an economic issue but a national security issue as well."} +{"dialogue":["Hello.","Hello.","Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, \"emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care\" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.","Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr. Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, \"the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. \"She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?","Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The leadership of Planned Parenthood is focusing on abortion rights advocacy instead of a broad range of health care issues."} +{"dialogue":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president was showing a lack of seriousness for the Puerto Rican crisis."} +{"dialogue":["Hi, David.","They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this.","Well, the Women Church World is the monthly supplement to the official Vatican daily L'Osservatore Romano. Lucetta Scaraffia created it seven years ago. In her final editorial, she said the new editor of the main Vatican daily who arrived in December had published articles in the main paper that were in contrast with the supplement's editorial line. And then she wrote an open letter to Pope Francis, saying, we are throwing in the towel because we feel surrounded by a climate of distrust and progressive delegitimization. She added, it seems there's a return to the antiquated and arid custom of choosing women considered trustworthy from on-high, under the direct control of men. But the new editor of the L'Osservatore Romano, Andrea Monda, denied the charges that he'd tried to interfere in the women's supplement.","What more should we know about the founder of this magazine who's speaking out here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : none"} +{"dialogue":["I think there are millennials that are doing fine. I think that when you talk about wealth transfer, what's really interesting is Americans over 62 are 80 percent white. And so when you look at these wealth transfers, white millennials are five times more likely to receive an inheritance than millennials of color. Forty-five percent of millennials are non-white. That's going to exacerbate inequality within the millennial generation. And so we're already seeing this where cities are becoming concentrations of wealth. Cities have better social services, better hospitals, better schools. And it's only the kids whose white parents can get them into those engines of opportunity, that are able to access those better services.","What do you think the responsibility of the boomer generation is at this moment?","I think, really, to think about the ways that their kids have it harder than them. Right now, the growth is going to people primarily who own land, who own homes, who own stock. Those are all people that are disproportionately old. And we need to find ways, systematically, to share those gains with people that are younger.","And I hesitate to ask this, but what is the responsibility of the millennial generation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Inheritance inequality perpetuates disparities within the millennial generation."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, your site gets something like seven million visitors a month?","Yeah.","Wow.","So that, that audience helps too, having those people, you know, kind of at bay, you know, willing to sort of jump in at, like, my command and help out when necessary. And like I said before, a lot of those people who read my site are also Tesla fans, so that's sort of a double reason for them to be willing to commit to a campaign like this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The audience of the website is willing to help out with the campaign."} +{"dialogue":["That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.","And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The black designers complaining about the First Lady wearing clothing by non-black designers are being counterproductive."} +{"dialogue":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Republicans are not willing to discuss gun policy in an open and honest way."} +{"dialogue":["So it does happen that, in fact, patients interpret these findings as immediately applicable to their condition.","And how do physicians handle that kind of request?","Well, at the risk of trying to be a naysayer and living in an ivory tower, I think you have to be honest with patients and say yes, this is very exciting. It may be important. It may prove efficacious down the road, but I think it's premature to take either an amyloid study or a test tube study and directly translate that to the human model.","There are safety issues. There are ethical issues, and we really don't know whether it's going to be efficacious.","Did some of these reviewers - do I have this right - caution that this drug particularly is a little - has bad side effects?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest."} +{"dialogue":["He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.","And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification.","Yeah. This is a couple months ago, I think, and the school went above - went in front of the regulatory board because the nursing students were passing the statewide nursing exam, like the graduates were passing it at such a low rate. And I think they were put under probation for a while. And I think all of that has been cleared since, though.","And you went back to visit the school a couple of times, and I wonder, you know, the peace park is there, you went to that memorial service and reported five other people were there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated."} +{"dialogue":["Well, what they didn't admit is if they wanted all this capital, why have they spent $7 trillion - these companies in stock buybacks since 2005 - which is double the federal government's current entire budget if they needed capital for productive investment?Stock buybacks do not create any jobs. They don't create any productive investment. And they're a signal to corporate observers that, while people like Tim Cook know how to make a lot of money for the company, they don't know really what to do with it other than to enhance their own executive compensation package.","Still, it's a remarkable turnaround for Apple, isn't it?I mean, just a couple of decades ago, I think they were on the brink of extinction.","There's no doubt. It was a great turnaround. But under Steve Jobs, stock buybacks were prohibited. He paid himself very little. When Tim Cook came over, everything changed. And while they know how to make enormous money with their overpriced iPhones, they don't know how to productively use it. And Marxists of many decades ago would never have dreamed that corporations would pile up all this capital and not know how to use it productively.","Mr. Nader, do you own an iPhone?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Corporations have piled up capital but do not know how to use it productively."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, well, there are a lot of asteroids near Jupiter. You know, Jupiter orbits pretty close to the asteroid belt, for one thing. So that's a part of the solar system that's very cluttered with space rocks. And Jupiter ends up being a target for a lot of them because - mainly because it's such a big planet. It has so much gravity. It actually pulls some of these space rocks toward it.","What makes you not believe it was - might have been a comet?","Oh, well, it might have been a comet. The only way to tell the difference between an asteroid and a comet impact is to look at what kind of debris it leaves behind in Jupiter's atmosphere. Now - but the problem is, in this case, astronomers have been watching the impact site - the place where the flash of light occurred - all week long, and they've been looking through debris, but there is none. Now, if you could look at the debris and see what it's made of, you could say, oh, yes. That's material that's characteristic of an asteroid, or in the case of a comet, you know, comets tend to be very watery. And the debris cloud has chemical byproducts of water in it if a comet has hit. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Jupiter being a big planet with lots of gravity attracts space rocks."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, this is sort of an old issue that the court dealt with about 10 or 12 years ago and sort of settled on a - and that sort of seemed like a compromised position, which was to say you could have a buffer zone around the entrance to an abortion clinic, so patients and doctors could go in and out, but the protestors could stand on the sidewalk and hold signs or protest.","And now the court's going to revisit a Massachusetts law that does something like that, and my impression - my sense of it is is that the conservative justices think this is a little bit unfair to abortion protestors, that they should be able to walk up to somebody on the sidewalk and say here's a pamphlet, or you should reconsider your decision. They're going to allow, I think, a little more leeway for sidewalk protestors to speak to patients.","Another case that will be also closely watched, NLRB versus Noel Canning, and that's about the president's power to so-called recess appointments.","Yes, that's a big sort of a political - in a sense, Washington political story. It's a big deal for the Obama administration because the House Republicans have used their minority and the filibuster rule to block a vote on a lot of Obama nominees for agencies like the National Labor Relations Board and this Consumer Financial Protection Board."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The buffer zone is an area where people can go in and out without coming in to contact with protestors."} +{"dialogue":["How did you feel when you found out, this summer, about the abuse of children that was going on in Pennsylvania not far from places you knew?","Yeah, it hurt reading the report because I was reading about these parishes that I went to growing up. I was born in '96, so growing up, you would hear kids joke about, oh, you know, priests molesting kids and whatnot. But I never knew that there was actually a - anything behind that. I just sort of thought it was people making fun of a religion. And then I didn't learn, honestly, until recently that the abuse scandal is something that was real and something that the world has known about since - what?- I think it was the early 2000s, whenever the Boston Globe or whatever that newspaper is broke the story. I didn't know that that was a thing. It wasn't something I'd ever been exposed to, so I wasn't really aware of the fact that this is a problem that was going on in my church. You know, it's unthinkable.","And it's hurt your faith?","I think that's a difficult thing to answer. I will say that it has hurt my faith in the Catholic Church. I don't think it has actually hurt my personal, religious faith. I'm just starting to see less of a connection between what I believe and the teachings of the Catholic Church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Joking about priests molesting children was not taken seriously."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. That was one of my big questions. Is that's possible?Or do we just make up strategies to pretend that we're leading normal lives?We were all carrying coins in our pockets to be able to call from a payphone if there was a bombing and say I'm OK. We were spending more and more time indoors. So, we changed our way of living social lives. And we also changed the way we were sons and daughters because we knew that something could happen to your loved ones. So, no, no, there were not normal times. But it's astonishing, this capability humans have to pretend. It's very useful, by the way, but I don't know if it's entirely what we should do.","Juan Gabriel Vasquez. His new novel is \"The Sounds of Things Falling. \"It's translated by Anne McLean. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you very much, Mr. Simon. It was a pleasure to talk to you.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The host is signaling the end of the segment, indicating that the program is transitioning to a different topic or ending."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I mean, I don't think they're damaging at all. I think Putin can be quite happy with these results. He had a real problem two years ago after the intervention in Ukraine. Western powers were ignoring and isolating Russia. Obama called the country a regional power. And today, Putin is deciding war and peace in Syria. And, you know, he's being attributed with powers of influencing a U. S. election. So, in some ways, it makes Russia seem much bigger than it really is.","One thing to keep in mind is that Russians have been told, for some time, that they're at war with the West, not really a shooting war but an information war, sort of a struggle for influence. So there's a widespread perception here that Russia is, itself, the victim of a Western conspiracy. So I think you can say, from the Kremlin's perspective, Russia's just giving the West a taste of its own medicine. More broadly speaking, I think this report really doesn't matter very much here in Moscow. People here are waiting for the inauguration of Donald Trump and nothing else really matters.","NPR's Moscow correspondent Lucian Kim, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : is that the people of Moscow are not paying attention to the report, but rather are more concerned with the inauguration of Donald Trump."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Embassy guards are not responsible for the overall security of the embassy compound."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, I think so. I think it's sort of like - the way I've been thinking about it, whereas Neanderthals - they were kind of an archaeological group that was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation, so we had all these bones from individuals we knew were Neanderthals because we've studied their archaeology and the tools they made so well, and so we wanted to compare that archaeology, the people who carried those - made those tools to present-day humans, see how they were related.","But in the case of the Denisovans, we started with the DNA, and we know there must have been a population, and really interesting to see what they were like. The West Eurasian, the European archaeological record and the archaeological record of the Middle East, is really, really well-studied and characterized by European and Western researchers. But the archaeological record of the eastern parts of Eurasia is more poorly studied or not studied at least within the same framework.","And it's a vast region of the world, which we know had humans in it when modern humans exploded out of Africa 40 or 50 thousand years ago. And so it's really exciting, and the data, the DNA tells you it's exciting, to try to figure out who those humans were. They were not exactly Neanderthals.","Hmm. In fact, isn't it true that when this bone was first discovered, people just thought it was a human bone?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Neanderthals were not searching for genetics, but rather it is our modern-day researchers who are searching for their genetic elucidation"} +{"dialogue":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Virtual event for inclusive engagement and community building."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the short answer's yes. The deforestation program in Brazil has been enormously successful. Between 2004 and 2012, deforestation fell by more than 80%. That's a shocking success. The challenge is that since 2012, deforestation has ticked up. There's also been a backlash against some of the environmental policies that were put in place under the former government.","Well, as we mentioned, Germany and Norway recently decided to pull their funding out of this Amazon Fund. What made them do that, specifically?","So this is largely an international response to concerns that deforestation is on the rise. And in particular, it's a response to the rhetoric that the administration of Jair Bolsonaro has been putting out. Bolsonaro has basically said to the people in the country that deforestation is OK, development at all costs is OK. And a lot of scientists fear that that message is starting to take hold, that landowners in the hinterlands in the Amazon are starting to listen, and now they're burning their fields and they're taking advantage of this.","So do you think this latest move by Norway and Germany to freeze their funds could actually sway Bolsonaro?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others."} +{"dialogue":["I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.","But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.","I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.","Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform"} +{"dialogue":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The car sales numbers for November are expected to be bad and it may lead to dealership shutdowns, causing a big loss of revenue for local governments."} +{"dialogue":["Hello.","What's going on in your city?","Well, what's going on in my city is a similar dynamic of what's taking place in other cities across the United States right now. We've had 130 percent increase in homicides related to arguments and fights between individuals or groups unrelated to other criminal activity. They've got easy access to firearms. We've seen all of these cities have seen many more shots fired at each individual incident. Some places it's a fight over synthetic drug markets. So there are a number of variables, but they all revolve around a fairly narrow slice of these advantage communities that is very concerning.","Chief Flynn, not so long ago, you were getting credit for a low homicide rate. What changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.","The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.","So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.","And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened."} +{"dialogue":["That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.","OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?","Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.","In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch"} +{"dialogue":["When you hear the Spanish word quinceanera, you might think of poufy, pink dresses, big, boisterous family parties and a traditional rite of passage for 15-year-old Latina girls. A new HBO documentary series takes us inside the modern quinceanera. There are profiles of an East LA teen boxer. OK, so she does wear a pink, poufy dress, albeit with boxing gloves. There's also a rodeo duo and a transgender coming-of-age story. One of the girls whose quince was featured in the HBO series, \"15: A Quinceanera Story,\" joins us now from Fort Myers, Fla. She's Rosi Alvarez.","Welcome.","Hi.","Hi. And we also have the filmmaker and director Matthew O'Neill on the line from New York."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The documentary series goes beyond traditional quinceaneras with different stories."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the information we're getting, as you said, comes from the UAW. Specifically, it comes from UAW Vice President Terry Dittes, who's been offering up some occasional updates to UAW members. And on Friday, Terry Dittes sent out a letter saying they had made good progress in the talks, and that was a great sign. You know, the strike has dragged on for three weeks, going on the fourth week now. And this was one of the first signs that there had been progress.","But by Sunday, that had completely changed, and Terry Dittes said this time that, in fact, they had taken a step back, and the union could not be more disappointed in GM, and what he explained happened was that there was an offer on the table. UAW responded, made its counter offer, taking into account a bunch of things. And what Terry Dittes said is, on Sunday morning, when GM responded to that latest offer, GM basically didn't respond at all. It just reiterated its previous offer and didn't address anything that the UAW had brought up.","So they seem to be at a stalemate. It seems like things are not going well right now.","OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The talks had gotten worse as they were returning to what they had spoken of before. Offers were made and rejected. The table is just a metaphor for the two sides talking to one another."} +{"dialogue":["It's a natural product obviously. So a big thing in bikes is getting them aligned. And they said one of the things that took them years to figure out at Valid Cycles was how they get these poles all straight. So they had to build their own jig. I know that our bike geeks out there are going to like this.","Bike geek. They're going to love this.","Yeah.","But one of the question I need to ask you, as a bike geek yourself. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The people that are very involved with and interested in bikes will like them."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I know that my name is on the cover, but the Library of America was at least an equal partner, if not more. Reggie Hui there went into the archives, and he found every single short story she'd ever published in the most esoteric, small, little magazines. And John Kulka and Reggie and I had multiple really long debates and conversations about which stories to include. There were many passionate speeches on all sides, particularly mine. And we ended up with. . .","(Laughter) Battles to the death, I'm gathering. Yeah.",". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The person is making a humurous remark about the debate."} +{"dialogue":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The stimulus package may be seen as a Ponzi scheme by some"} +{"dialogue":["So, John, if Lehman's problems spread to other banks, who's next?","Well, a first concern would be Washington Mutual. It's a big mortgage lender. It's under some severe stress right now. Its stock is down today. You have to look at other banks and investment houses with problem loans on their books, like Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Citibank won't be immune. You know, all these banks are interconnected now, with lots of shared debts and investments that are losing value. This crisis has pretty much changed the business model for big banks, who used to earn profits by investing in loans and mortgages that had been repackaged to essentially spread the risk to everybody.","Many of those investments have now gone south, and the banks are going to have to come up with a new system for raising the capital to lend to borrowers. The thing to watch for now is how the rating agencies, like Standard & Poor's and Fitch, put a value on these banks' futures. As the ratings on banks go down, it becomes more expensive for the banks to borrow the money that they need to cover the bad loans because investors lose confidence, and they want a higher return to fork over their money. And it's that lack of confidence that the government and the industry are fighting in this credit crunch.","Thanks, John. That's John Dimsdale of public radio's daily business show, Marketplace."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The rating agencies play an important role in the banks' ability to borrow money."} +{"dialogue":["Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.","You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?","Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.","Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Young people globally can advocate for free and fair elections"} +{"dialogue":["It's going to be tough to do that tonight if there's a clear trend early, and there's a reason why, it's the Internet. Everyone's going to be look at the Internet. The Internet's going to be full of all kinds of numbers, exit polls, there are going to be all sorts of people predicting one way or another.","And the cable operators, the cable television news operations, CNN, Fox, MSNBC are going to in a tremendous competition to see which one of them can call it first, and that's going to pull the broadcasters over. So I don't think people in California can expect that the East Coast will not be talking about a winner, if there is a clear winner, before the polls close in California. Now, that isn't necessarily a good thing, I'm not trying to put a. . .","Right.","Put a happy face on it, it does make people in California feel angry to hear the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state. But because it's going to be on the Internet just about every where, and I suspect we'll start seeing it on cable television, it's going to be hard for the networks to resist the temptation to do the same."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : This make sure anger for every violence people get some illegal activities"} +{"dialogue":["Add to the troubled auto industry a rise in unemployment. Weekly jobless claims benefits are at 16-year high. Wall Street isn't happy either. The Dow Jones Index plummeted below 8,000 yesterday.","To find out how advertising agencies are dealing with the current economic climate, we are joined now by Romi Mahajan. He's the chief marketing officer for the digital ad agency called Ascentium. They manage marketing campaigns for big, big companies, including Microsoft, Nintendo, and AT&T. Welcome to the program, Romi.","Thank you very much, Alex.","Yesterday, General Motors announced that it would review its contracts with ad agencies to see whether or not they should even be renewed. Let's say you were working on a car company advertising campaign. What should they do to actually get American consumers to buy cars?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned"} +{"dialogue":["They have been sheltered. And now, several of - because Salvini said, I won't accept them unless other countries take them. And several other European countries have agreed to divide them up.","And meanwhile, in general, migrants are continuing to come to Europe in big numbers.","Not really. There's been a huge drop in the first six months of this year - 2,100, compared to about 14,300 the year before. That's an 85% drop.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Salvini is using a bargaining tactic to share the burden of hosting the migrants with other European countries"} +{"dialogue":["He's had some injuries for most of the last two or three years. He's had a bad shoulder, he has to wrap his elbow a lot, but no injury has caused him to miss a game since September 2001, since he took over the Patriots' quarterback job.","So, is there any suspicion that the injury he sustained yesterday was a result of an unfair hit?","I think some people in the Patriots thought it was, but you know, most of the people I talked to, including a future Hall of Fame safety, John Lynch, who used to play for the Patriots and is a very good friend of Tom Brady's, said there's no way it was a dirty hit. Things happen too quickly on the football field for some guy to say, I'm going to, in a calculating way, aim for Tom Brady's knee and try to put him out for the year. First of all, I think that's vastly overrated. That might have happened in 1968, but it doesn't happen in 2008, because there's too much respect among players to try to intentionally hurt another guy.","So, who is possibly going to fill these gigantic shoes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Football players today have too much respect for each other to intentionally hurt another player, despite injuries occurring on the field."} +{"dialogue":["It is John McCain's night tonight. He's got to deliver the speech. You're widely acknowledged as one of the best speech writers in the country. What would you - what would you ask of Senator McCain tonight?","We've had a wonderful opportunity to hear about his biography and he's been praised by others. Not a good idea, ever, to praise yourself. You show what you are. You don't tell people what you are. Now he has to make the case as to how what he wants to do connects with the interests of ordinary people. Through his - through the past half dozen years, McCain's interest in reform - he had a very keen interest in reform, but it's tended not to touch much on bread-and-butter issues.","Most people don't see a connection with their lives and, say, campaign finance, whether McCain is right or wrong. Now he needs to show, I care about the things you care about. I'm not just a Washington insider. And he needs to connect his agenda on healthcare - which is hugely important - on energy, on taxes, all of those things, the pocketbook of middle-income people who basically have not done that well out of the past eight years.","David Frum, former presidential speech writer for George Bush and a blogger at National Review Online. David, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Senator McCain needs to connect with ordinary people and their interests, especially on pocketbook issues like healthcare, energy, and taxes."} +{"dialogue":["For decades there has been this idea that women were not professional unless they were torturing around in a heel. But I think if you strip all that away and go down to really base level, we've got to admit that, you know, it is - it's patriarchal, and it's misogynistic. It's this idea that women should be sort of slowed down and debilitated.","So I think it's quite tricky. I think, you know, in the paragraph you just read out, I was trying to sort of explore that duality that we get with a lot of these conversations. We have it around, you know, bikini waxes and makeup and a lot of the sort of traditional trappings of femininity, this idea that it can be something we enjoy doing and that we sort of take a pleasure in doing. But it's impossible to know whether we would be doing it if we lived outside a patriarchal society.","So why do you say you suspect that they might be over?","Well, fashion really has led us in a certain direction. So for the last few years, we've seen the rise of the fashion sneaker. We've seen, you know, magazine editors, models, celebrities comfortably kind of bouncing around in sneakers. And suddenly, dress codes have changed. So it's completely acceptable to turn up to quite a smart party wearing a lovely dress with a pair of sneakers on the bottom. This summer we've seen the rise of the ugly sandal as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is an idea that women must suffer through the pain of wearing high heeled shoes to be professional."} +{"dialogue":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them.\""} +{"dialogue":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The people in the bar were either ignorant or supportive of the war criminal Radovan Karadzic, which is concerning."} +{"dialogue":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Invoice for collecting Otto Warmbier is not unique to negotiations with North Korea."} +{"dialogue":["But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.","And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.","That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.","Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win."} +{"dialogue":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : cranky refers they're unwell or weak and not related to a shaft "} +{"dialogue":["Well, maybe before 20 September, yes, but maybe after 20 September, there might be some people from the military that think that, well, he has went too far. Actually after Trump support and blind support to Sissi, the number of people who has been arrested have been increased dramatically. So I would say that endorsing and supporting Sissi publicly by Trump give him a green light to continue and to continue crackdown on peaceful dissent.","I'm told, Mr. Zaree, that you're on the travel ban list. Are you worried about your own safety?","I'm always worried about my own safety. And I am worried about the safety of my family. But at the same time, I can't just see what's happening and remain silent.","Mohamed Zaree is with the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies. Thank you, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Trump supported Sissi without obtaining information about the man and what he does."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks, Scott.","First, these current attacks. Based on reporting, is there a particular source for attacks against Orthodox Jews?","Well, it seems to be happening often from people who live in the neighborhood. We don't know that much about the perpetrators. What we do know is that people that live in Crown Heights don't tend to be white supremacists. And to judge from the footage of many of these attacks, at least some of the perpetrators seem to be young black men or teenagers. And perhaps that's one of the reasons that so many people want to avert their eyes from what's happening in places like Crown Heights.","Are they street assaults and robberies or hate crimes?Where are the lines in something like this?","Well, all we know is that the people that are being attacked are the most publicly, visibly Jewish people. And they're incredibly violent. Given that this has been happening in the city, there's been a sort of curious lack of interest on the part of New Yorkers, on the part of the mayor, on the part of the governor. Imagine if a spate of crimes had happened in a pattern like this against another minority - what the reaction would be.","Has there also been a national increase in anti-Semitic crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : People don't want to know about what is happening in Crown Heights."} +{"dialogue":["I want to ask you about a few sounds, and if you could begin by re-creating them. The first is -and I'm going to sign on to your language here - the breathy-voiced, long, low, back, unrounded vowel with advanced tongue root.","Aghhhh!","(Laughter)","I can't even do it without rolling my eyes. They automatically go right up to the roof."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (2) is expressing disbelief and exasperation, (3) is expressing amusement, and (4) is expressing exasperation and helplessness."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Diplomatic security mission is responsible for the safety of the entire compound"} +{"dialogue":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. This week, new reporting revealed that the electronic communication we may think is private is actually not. That includes everything from our medical records to banking information. The National Security Agency has been able to crack encryption technology, giving the government access to the private details that we type into encrypted websites. Now, we know this because of documents released by the former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. These documents resulted in a story that was published simultaneously in yesterday's New York Times, the Guardian, and on the website of the nonprofit news organization ProPublica. They did so despite the objections of intelligence agencies. Jeff Larson of ProPublica co-authored the article and he spoke to us from New York. And we began by asking him whether he knows how many of these encrypted sites have been cracked.","We don't actually know exactly what the NSA and GCHQ have cracked. They. . .","GCHQ is the British equivalent of the NSA.","Right. Yes. They protect this information with a special classification level. We can only sort of infer by the fact that they say that they've cracked vast amounts of encrypted communications traveling over the wire."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The sites were not actually cracked but were opened by unauthorized people."} +{"dialogue":["You know, you have to be tough. You have to let them know that, you know, although, yeah, I'm a female, you know, I can punch you in the eye if I have to. Or turn the table over. . .","Or just be as tough as men have to do in certain - have to be in certain situations, so that they can erase the fact that I am a girl and reallylook at me as a professional who is knowledgeable about what I do and can do the deals and deliver. So. . .","Sonia, what about the live music scene?Because I remember going to some hip-hop clubs. I was - you know, this was back when I was much a younger woman, and really enjoying it until some of the violence got out of control. And then I stopped going to some of the venues because too many people were getting shot. How are things here in terms of the live venues?Are they safe?Are they - you know, how is the live music scene doing?","It is so interesting that you would bring that up today because just last night, there were three events that were happening last night. It was R&B Live over at the Lucky Street Lounge. They had Mario, and Marsha from Floetry. There was Estelle over at Sugarhill, that John Legend was presenting, great venues both of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Women need to be tough to be taken seriously in male-dominated professions."} +{"dialogue":["Well, this is extremely complicated. And there doesn't seem to be a single kind of way at looking at this for all the different countries. Every country is wrestling with how to manage this. There's little legal precedent in many ways. One problem is that if you put people on trial back home, it's very difficult to get the evidence that you maybe need to actually be able to prosecute someone. So some people in - for example, in Germany have floated the idea of re-upping the sort of Nuremberg trials that were used to prosecute Nazis.","Wow.","In other cases, some have created laws to say, you know, going to Syria was itself a crime. So we've been following the case of an Austrian girl who was 15 when she left Austria. And we've been told that if she comes back, she probably would serve prison time for having gone to Syria. And there's even - the Kurdish authorities in Syria are talking about perhaps trying to set up an international tribunal to actually try these people in Syria or in Iraq.","NPR's Ruth Sherlock in Beirut."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Some countries have made going to Syria a crime and people may serve prison time for it."} +{"dialogue":["You know there are some including the West Point history professor, Lieutenant Colonel John Gentile, who say that it's not so much that we've sent in these extra troops or changed our strategy, it's that we got Muqtada al-Sadr's forces to have a ceasefire and we essentially hired 100,000 former Sunni insurgents to come onto our payroll and try to keep quiet.","That's an absolute distortion of what's actually happened. Look, I've been going to Iraq for the last two years, every three or four months for a couple of weeks at a time. I have spoken to the Sunni insurgent leaders and they have capitulated. There's not a white flag of surrender, but they have come into the political process.","Why did you come into the political process?Why didn't you continue to seek your political objectives using armed violence?Answer, because we couldn't win. One of them said, when Bush occupied Baghdad, we knew we didn't have a chance. Those are his words not mine. The awakening movement had already started in Anbar province, but the fact of the matter is with the catalyst of additional troops, that awakening movement, as you say, the Sons of Iraq.","This is the people we hired to."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Iraqi Sunni insurgents have given up their struggle against the US-led government, and have accepted its terms for peace."} +{"dialogue":["These companies have existed before, but there's a lot more from these appraisal management companies. So the lender and mortgage broker has to send the order to them, this middleman, and then they go find an appraiser in your local area to go look at your house.","Now, there's a lot of concerns that these appraisal management companies are not the answer. They are not going to fix this problem. There's not a lot of regulation of these appraisal management companies, so some states are trying to fix that. We don't really know who's getting into this business. Are these the people to be entrusting this doing important job to?","So let's say you're a consumer. Let's say you're a person who's looking to buy a home, sell a home, or you want to refinance. What can you do to make sure you're not dealing with an appraiser who's got other motivations?","Well, first of all, you want to be very direct with your broker or lender and ask them, who is doing the appraisal on my house?You want to know the name of the company. Is it a company that they have a relationship with, a business relationship?Is it a company the lender partly owns?And certainly, you want to get a copy of that appraisal. And certainly, borrowers also have the ability - they can go seek out an independent appraisal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The appraisal management companies are not reliable and may have hidden motives."} +{"dialogue":["So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.","Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.","Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?","Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.","You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Has my government nominated Sachin Tendulkar to our Upper House?"} +{"dialogue":["So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.","And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .","Correct.",". . . Entities. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Invoices for remains excavations and transfer exist and happen."} +{"dialogue":["What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . .","Yeah.",". . . between that 30 to 50. And when you get up to that 100 range, it's even a smaller difference, and that's the reason why the FDA is going to release new guidelines for rules of how we're going to label our sunscreens. And it's going to finally happen this December, so that we're not actually be able to have a sunscreen higher than 50 because it really gives people a false sense of security when they're using those higher numbers when they're really not getting that as much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Sunscreen with an SPF higher than 50 gives people a false sense of security."} +{"dialogue":["Forty gigabytes. OK, so you're - I mean, you're doing pretty good. I mean, the average person actually carries around 1,700 songs. I had no idea, I don't carry that many songs with me.","Yeah, I have a lot.","And this is just some - so they launched this in back in 2003. I don't know how - you know, in Internet time, you start to forget how soon these things were launched, but it's been less than about - a little over five years and over 8 - 5 billion songs. They have over 8million tracks, and I did the math on this, it's what?It's 2. 6 million songs every day that they've sold, 2. 6 since iTunes started - million.","So we have to wrap up but before we let you go, does this mean that the essential question of, is the music industry going to die, is resolved?Meaning, that people will pay for music, they're just going to pay for it online, or is that whole question of revenue for the music industry still very present?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Despite the relatively short period since its launch, iTunes has sold a lot of songs."} +{"dialogue":["He ended up in a small town in Alabama where he did have an encounter with a local police officer. At that point, he told police he had had a canoeing accident. They led him to a local motel. He checked in, paid cash. The police came back later to try to locate him. And by that time, he'd wandered off into the woods.","Why might Mr. Schrenker want people to believe he was dead?","Well, it turns out he faces just a host of financial problems, also some personal problems, I might add. The Indiana Securities Division, the Indiana Insurance Commissioner are both looking into very serious allegations of misappropriated money from his financial company.","And do you think, even given these problems, he might have had enough assets to help him flee the country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Mr. Schrenker is in serious trouble and may be trying to escape legal consequences."} +{"dialogue":["What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?","We have actually, so far, been able - we have reporters who are also out of town that we're in touch with. We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com.","We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com. We didn't stop yet and we don't plan to stop.","You have reporters out trying to cover this story all over where this hurricane is going. There must be some point where you say and where the reporters say to you \"Hey, I got to stop for a while because there's a hurricane coming. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Despite any obstacles, they are committed to reporting on the storm via the internet."} +{"dialogue":["As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce.","So we are basically putting Iran under siege, and they're going to try to strike back at some point. So if I were sitting in Iran and thinking about what I could do, making the cost of oil higher for the rest of the world is a pretty interesting way of responding and saying, you can't do this cost-free.","Where do you see this going?Given that you've identified that the administration is engaged in a policy of trying to isolate Iran, diplomatically and economically, to achieve what it would consider better terms in the Iran nuclear deal - so is there any scenario in which you can see this tactic bringing Iran back to the negotiating table?","If the United States wants to do that, they're not going to succeed by just piling on the pressure until Iran collapses. Iran won't collapse. They've been through some very tough times - including a war with Iraq, which was far more dangerous to them than the threats that we're putting against them now - and they didn't crack."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses."} +{"dialogue":["Well, yes, they are because the concern here is that if you do it for medical research, what's to stop other scientists to try to do it for other reasons, like, for example, to try to create designer babies that are taller or smarter or better athletes?Now, we're nowhere near being able to do anything like that. But the concern is that this could open the door to someday creating genetic haves and have-nots.","So, Rob, these CRISPR researchers are involved in projects that have tremendous promise to benefit our lives, but also raise very difficult ethical and moral questions.","That's right. That's right. And another example I could give you is I just got back from a trip to London. And there, scientists are using CRISPR to genetically modify mosquitoes that spread a mutant gene to wipe out the mosquitoes that spread the malaria parasite. And the idea there is to try to wipe out this disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people every year, most of them children.","Now, the fear here is that they're using CRISPR to modify these insects with something known as a gene drive. And a gene drive spreads a genetic modification through an entire species really quickly. So something could go wrong. You know, it could wipe out an entire species of mosquito. And that could upset the delicate balance of an ecosystem some way that could maybe unleash some new epidemic or cause the ecosystem to collapse and cause famine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching."} +{"dialogue":["And so it seemed to be really impervious to this kind of judicial reckoning. And the fact that it's happened is, of course, all the more remarkable, because of the obstacles that had to be overcome to reach this day.","It's interesting: The current president of Guatemala served under General Rios Montt all those years ago, and he says he accepts this verdict, and will carry out the measures ordered by the tribunal in terms of apologies, but he also said there was no genocide.","Well, he was a general during the period of Rios Montt's rule, and given his own background, it was expected that he would put up more resistance than he has to this trial. And as you said, he has said he respects the ruling of the court, but he has said it's not a genocide. It is a very powerful verdict. It's - genocide has been described repeatedly as the crime of crimes, and it's very difficult to prove in a court of law. And that's one of the other reasons why this verdict was widely seen as a landmark.","So, you know, his reticence is notable. I hope that he continues to maintain the position that he will respect the rule of law in this case, as the proceedings go forward."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The current president of Guatemala acknowledges the verdict but denies genocide"} +{"dialogue":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr. James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr. James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr. James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Patients can now have more access to their own medical records and other health care information online."} +{"dialogue":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The church has hurt many people and concealed crimes."} +{"dialogue":["There's no simple answer to that. What will happen, some of our experiments will be back up and running within two or three weeks. Some of the most complex genetic processes will probably take over a year to get back together. And, you know, disruptions like this push us to think hard about what we want to do and where we want to go.","So I think even though I wouldn't have chosen this - and it really is tremendously sad to have lost our partners in these mice - it's going to push us to think about some new directions which we might not have tried had this not happened. So there is a bit of a silver lining to that.","I wonder if your colleagues are as cheery about this, or at least as optimistic about it as you are.","You know, I've really been impressed and really hardened by the way everyone around me at NYU and people all over the world - I was talking to Ben Crowley(ph) of the New York Times, and I mentioned that I had gotten some 40-odd emails. That's doubled since then. And these are individuals who are offering to give me my own lines back, give me their own lines, to help me with space and resources, to literally take over my experiments until we get back on our feet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The loss of their partners in mice experiments can lead to new research directions"} +{"dialogue":["Because you have eggplant parmesan just in the book.","(Laughter).","You can do that as an antipasto?","Every time someone turns to that page, they're like, this is an appetizer?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Expressing disbelief that people think eggplant parmesan is an appetizer."} +{"dialogue":["Here's a small piece of the big picture. We ask you our listeners to write in with stories about how you're doing these days financially. We call the series The Real Economy. We've heard from more than a 150 people, among them Jon Diebold in Cincinnati. Jon, what station do you hear our show on there?","91. 7 WVXU.","Well, thanks for listening. And you lead a pretty busy life there at work and at home. You own a small restaurant. How are things?","Well, it's been rough. The economy, I think, is affecting everyone and certainly those with discretionary disposable income.","Yeah. Do you do a lunch business there?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The restaurant is experiencing a decline in business due to the current economic situation"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, yeah, yeah.","So he's not exactly saying that what he said was offensive.","Or maybe he's, like, opening up, like, a hotline for people to call up and be like, hey, listen; I was - being very charitable there.","Right, OK. And then meanwhile, while all of this is going on with Shane Gillis, another one of the new cast members who was announced this week for \"SNL\" was Bowen Yang, who's actually the show's first Asian American cast member, so this is kind of awkward timing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He may have said something offensive, but he didn't admit it."} +{"dialogue":["All right, we'll have to keep our eye on that one. You mention the Super Bowl. I was going to bring up Santonio Holmes but you did it. You know, last year you and I had a bet about the Super Bowl which I won. This year, I guess you are afraid. . .","No (laughing).","To bet - to bet with me. Were you surprised that it turned out the way that it did?I know you thought Pittsburgh probably was going to win, but I bet you were really scared with about a minute left in the game.","I was stunned. I mean, I thought, you know, I thought the game turned at intermission, you know, when the NFL's most valuable player rumbled a hundred yards Harris(ph) within a reception. But yeah, I was stunned by the catch. I think the entire world was stunned by what has to be the most perfect throw and catch in Super Bowl history. I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : most perfect catch in superbowl history was implied"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, we're looking at how people make movies through a microscope. And I hadn't really thought about this much before this week, but there's a sort of long history of this, and there have been a few real pioneers of this field. And one of them is a guy, a photographer called Roman Vishniac.","And you may know this name because he's famous for sort of a very different kind of photography. He took portraits. He has a picture of Einstein that's pretty famous. And he is famous for documenting Jews in Eastern Europe for World War II.","But it turns out that he also was this huge science buff, and he made these educational movies funded by NSF and others for classroom use, and a lot of them featured his micro-movies, these movies that he did in his New York apartment through the microscope with, you know, pond scum that he collected I don't know where, my guess would be Central Park, just looking at some of the footage.","Right, and so then he trained - this moviemaker trained his camera into the lens of the microscope."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Roman Vishniac's educational movies had a scientific component featuring micro-movies."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. At the top of the mountains, we have cloud forests. These are forests composed of trees of low stature. They have the ability to withstand the strong wind conditions at the top of the mountain. They are very important in regulating the water cycling of the mountain and actually supplying the 20 percent of the water for Puerto Rico. These trees are completely covered by mosses and plants that sit on the tree trunks and collect water. And they can then kind of filter cloud water down the mountain. So many of these mosses and epiphytes were stripped from the tree trunks on the face where those winds were more intense.","I wonder, Dr. Gonzalez, as you were walking through El Yunque looking at the destruction of this place that you've known so well for so long, what was going through your mind seeing it totally transformed?","Well, it's an amazing experience, but I think it's one of learning and regeneration. We already have seen the greening of the forest in some areas. We're already seeing that some species are lifting up. We know that some other species will come up and kind of make their way to more native or mature species of the forest to take over. So yes, it is a catastrophic event. But we know that there's going to be a recovery phase.","Dr. Gonzalez, what about you and your family?How did you do?Do you have power?Do you have water?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The strong winds of the mountain top can strip the mosses and epiphytes from the tree trunks, making it difficult for these forests to survive."} +{"dialogue":["They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?","So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.","It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.","How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Learning braille has practical benefits for students' future employment and academic success."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I don't (laughter) know if it's going to be forever unique in that way. We have this evidence now of President Trump making calls along these lines. And you get a lot of - I got a lot of criticism. Sometimes for being too soft, sometimes for being too harsh. I'm banned from Russia by Vladimir Putin because we successfully prosecuted an international arms dealer named Viktor Bout. I was personally attacked by President Erdogan of Turkey because we prosecuted somebody that, you know, he had connections to in an indirect way.","I'm glad you mentioned Turkey's president. What happened in a different country, in a different system, when there was a prosecution of someone named Reza Zarrab, and it became a matter of political interest?","So Reza Zarrab was a gold trader, Iranian but also from Turkey, who was being prosecuted along with other folks in Turkey for various, you know, elements of misconduct. And those cases were made to go away because he was politically connected to two people who were close to Erdogan.","What did President Erdogan of Turkey do to make that case go away?","Well, he exercised his power in a country that doesn't have the same constitutional protections that America has. He relieved judges of their duty. He removed prosecutors from office. He shut down media outlets. And the case went away. Literally, the case was made to go away. Now, that is not something we've seen in this country and hopefully we'll never see in this country. And it's harder to accomplish in this country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : President Trump did not make calls along lines but made calls that are similar to what is said."} +{"dialogue":["Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.","I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Having low skills is not the same as having no skills"} +{"dialogue":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : People work on holidays and other special days on the space station"} +{"dialogue":["That's right. In the last few years where, as a fugitive, when he was living in Belgrade, he eked out this living as a new age guru. He grew a big bushy white beard, had glasses, had a top knot at the top of his head tied up with a black ribbon. He presented this rather remarkable monk-like figure and, as you say, hid in plain sight. He was often at seminars and conferences about alternative medicine.","He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The woman worked with Interpol and had the opportunity to recognize Radovan Karodzic but she never did."} +{"dialogue":["This Thanksgiving week, we've been offering a little respite from all the glum financial news. We have been checking in with people who are doing all right despite the bleak economy. This day after the big turkey feast, we hear from an industry almost guaranteed a boom in business. We're talking about plumbing. Kevin Shaw runs Kevin Shaw Plumbing here in southern California. Welcome to the program.","Glad to be with you.","So I have heard that the day after Thanksgiving, plumbing companies can do as much as 50 percent more in business. Why is that?What is going on the day after?","We see a big increase in the number of people that call us with a plugged-up kitchen sink or maybe the toilet has plugged up. Those are the two big plumbing calls that we'll get today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : big turkey feast refers to celebration dying "} +{"dialogue":["That is very funny. What about dessert?Give me a dessert for the holidays that you love.","One of my favorite ones is this cornmeal and rosemary cake. So we use polenta corn meal and a little bit of rosemary. And you bake it, it becomes basically like a pound cake. It's buttery and rich. It's the holidays. That happens. Sometimes I stud it with some cranberries for some color, other times I do not. It depends on my mood. And then I top it with a balsamic syrup. So I reduce balsamic, gets nice and thick like a chocolate sauce, and then I pour it over the top. I can't tell you - breakfast, lunch dinner, whatever, snack, it is phenomenal. It's one of the those things I keep in my house during the holidays.","That sounds fantastic. So, you're a mother now, and your baby's first Christmas is coming up. How's that going to affect you to have someone - a little tiny one to take through the holidays?","You know, she's now about eight months, and so she's not quite a year old yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The cake is not made of traditional cake ingredients."} +{"dialogue":["You did it.","Yeah, but I didn't realize the difficulty of doing that because you're not supposed to play the trumpet like that. I need(ph) getting with these saxophone players. I wanted to play like them, so.","You know, 1964, you were like - you were hot, you were on fire. What was it like at that time to be Freddie Hubbard the star, the headliner?","You know, I was there, and I was in a competition - not - you know, a competition with Lee Morgan(ph) and Bill Holland(ph) and Donald Barry(ph), all these guys were there, and it was a test. I mean, every time you played, you were being watched and people compared you with - look at little Lee Morgan. So that competition kind of kept me going, you know. I mean, they made me strive to play better than I would normally."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The person was not on fire but he was playing very well and getting a lot of fame and jobs because of this."} +{"dialogue":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The first call was an overwhelming experience of connecting with someone who shared the same name as me, feeling both curious and a little intimidated."} +{"dialogue":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C. difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The healthy protective organisms in mucosal services can be reinstated by repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with healthy species."} +{"dialogue":["I am getting reports on Twitter. And I'm sure other people are seeing them. People are sending reports directly to me about things that they allege were said in the synagogue, official descriptions of the man. That's nothing we have that's verifiable or has been verified yet.","We have not confirmed those reports. And Twitter, I mean, it's a good source of information, but we can't report it until we confirm it.","It's sometimes a good source of misinformation too, isn't it?Shannon, you're going to be following this story. We have people from our local stations in Pittsburgh who are on the scene. Obviously, there's a great deal of chaos. They will be reporting the story. Thanks for being with us, Shannon Van Sant.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : We cannot trust Twitter as a reliable source of information."} +{"dialogue":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3): The implication is that intelligence officials have already confirmed the suspicion that ISIS was behind the attacks. "} +{"dialogue":["Christmas integration.","Multi-ethnic Christmas celebration. You know, the biggest thing that my parents did was to raise my sister and I in a very diverse neighborhood. It's really, really important, if you're going to adopt a kid that's a different race, to have neighbors that look like that kid.","You know, the study that came out I think is scaring people in thinking that you're going to have to through like a two year master program to learn how to have black kids, if you're white parents. And it's honestly, you could probably knock it out in two hours. It's really not that difficult, there's a few things that you should know. And bringing your kids up in a diverse neighborhood is the most important of that.","And then, you know, if you have friends that are the same race of your kids, you just, you ask them for questions, and it's helpful to have them as a resource, it's something you definitely want to keep next to you when you're raising your kids."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : You can probably complete the task in two hours not that you can knock it out. "} +{"dialogue":["Do you think that this case is going to spur new changes to procedure or to policy regarding migrant care?","Investigations into this latest migrant death are still ongoing. The FBI, local police, CBP all have their own investigations, which may eventually shed some more light on what exactly went wrong here. But I think we're already hearing calls for these agencies to just follow the law and hand over migrant children to Health and Human Services within 72 hours as they are supposed to do. For their part, the agencies say they're trying to comply, but they need more resources. Not only are these Border Patrol stations overwhelmed, but the migrant shelters that are overseen by HHS are also near capacity.","One more thing - today the president appointed an immigration hard-liner, Ken Cuccinelli, to a post inside the Homeland Security Department. How could this affect immigration policy?","Right. This is the former attorney general of Virginia who ran for governor on a hard-line immigration platform a few years ago. He's already been a White House adviser on immigration. He has advocated for sending more troops to the border and stopping the migrant caravans that were a big story last year. Now Cuccinelli is going to have a formal role inside the Department of Homeland Security.","To me, this shows that President Trump is doubling down on his crackdown on immigrants that is likely to be a central focus of his 2020 reelection campaign. Though of course, as immigrant advocates point out, that strategy seems to have backfired, at least in part, when Republicans lost the House in last year's midterm elections.","That's NPR's Joel Rose. Joel, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : President Trump's immigration policy may have hurt Republican's midterm election results"} +{"dialogue":["But also, at the moment, there is a decided sense of panic and loss of confidence in the financial system itself, which is actually exacerbating the situation. The scariest thing that's going on at the moment is, essentially, there's a run on the whole of the Western world's banking systems. It's a behind-the-scenes run, but it's a run nonetheless. And this is why you're seeing some extraordinary action by central banks, essentially because they are now the only people in the - around who are willing to fund or finance the banking sector.","If there's a loss of faith in leadership in the U. S. and Europe, where do you look for world financial leadership now?","Well, I think the interesting thing is, the normal thing - place you would look would be to the finance ministers and the central bank governors of the world and seek to see whether they can come up with some sort of plan or some sort of coordinated action. Everyone is gathering together later this week in Washington on Friday and at the weekend.","And so this is a real test. I don't think they necessarily want it to be a test, but I'm sure it will be seen as a test to see whether the authorities can do more than look at how to stop this happening again in the long term, which is one of things, actually, they were intending the meeting to be about, but actually to try and stop the panic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The authorities are trying to stop the panic and the meeting is a test to see if they can do more than just plan for the long term."} +{"dialogue":["The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.","Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.","And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The numbers tossed around you indicates that the objects that you used."} +{"dialogue":["That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.","You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.","We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.","I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Not a shell of a bomb, but a very surprising bit of information that shocks people."} +{"dialogue":["Shelter in place. Stay away from windows. Maybe get in a reinforced room like a bathroom, something with no windows. The building I'm in - we're retreating to the inner corridors right now. And there's a stairwell inside that - we have some kids with us. We're putting the kids in there. We're putting pets in crates in bathrooms - just to get to the safest part of the building you're in. Stay away from the windows. And wait for the winds to go down.","Just to give us a little bit of context, you know, how have the Keys weathered major storms in the past?Is - how does this hurricane fit into the history of Key West and its exposure to storms?","Yet to be seen. But to me, it looks like the most serious one since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which was a Category 5. It went across Islamorada. In the upper Keys, it took out the overseas railway, and it killed more than 400 people. So Key West has seen other impacts since then. Wilma, in 2005, sent about a 5, 6-foot storm surge over the islands - and not just U. S. , a lot of the Keys. So that was a pretty serious impact. But nothing like this - not a Category 4.","Nancy Klingener of member station WLRN. We'll be checking in with you, we hope. Please stay safe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : If late in the second half he could hit seven or eight consecutive threes and he knew something special was going on after that, then he was definitely aware of the record"} +{"dialogue":["You have more than one toe.","OK. Right now we don't have any big toes. A big toe was swallowed in 2013 on purpose. And then we were using the alternate toe, but that only lasted for about two and a half years and just literally fell apart. So now we're working on what we call the secondary toes next to the big toe. So we're looking for big toes. If anybody out there has an extra big toe, we would really like it.","And, apart from the toe, what exactly goes into a sour toe cocktail.","OK. According to Yukon Health, it has to be served in 80-proof alcohol. So that could be whiskey, rum, tequila. The traditional is Yukon Jack. Captain Dick Stevenson's favorite drink - he's the guy who started the toe in 1973."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : (4) is that the toe must be served in a specific type of alcohol."} +{"dialogue":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Different groups have opposing views on corn ethanol"} +{"dialogue":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK. And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There are many potential candidates for the Senate seat"} +{"dialogue":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : This goes beyond what is being asked and explains the cycle of annular eclipses in more detail. "} +{"dialogue":["Yes, ma'am.","So locked down, and what is the forecast for the Christmas shopping season?","It's going to be negative for the first time in many, many, many years. The consumer just can't spend money. Consumer bankruptcies are on the rise. Consumers have 14 trillion in debt, negative saving. They can't pay their credit card bills. They can't pay their home loans. They can't pay their auto loans. The banks are not offering financing. They've got a negative wealth effect from housing to the tune of 8 trillion. The consumer is in lock down. They just don't have money.","Well, any bright spots out there because they do have to spend money on some things. Maybe the dollar stores are doing well?","There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills."} +{"dialogue":["What did it sound like?","(Imitating plane noise) A lot of, you know, you got hundreds of planes, one right after the other. It was very moving and exciting. You know, you wonder what's going to happen. And 'course, then we fly over the channel. You can look out the window and see the silhouettes of the ships. We know it's going to happen now.","That is Les Cruise. He's 95 years old, and he's one of the last surviving veterans of that D-Day mission. These days, he lives outside of Philadelphia. I went to visit him earlier this week.","I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Exciting experience of flying over the channel during the D-Day mission"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. To learn street - Glasgow street language.","They must have - well, a few particular words must have stuck to their vocabulary.","They spring to mind immediately, don't they?","Our guest is Billy Connolly. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION, from NPR News. And there is a lot of material, it would seem to me, that would go over better in Scotland than it would here. How do you have to change to adapt to audiences?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Learning Glasgow street language involves learning specific words."} +{"dialogue":["Well, there is actually a pretty good and well-established hypothesis about what actually happened 1300 years ago. There was giant lake of fresh water that spilled into the North Atlantic - this was sort of leftover water from the last ice age - and all this water affected the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic and stopped a conveyor belt of both water and air that was bringing warm air up from the equatorial regions to higher latitudes. And that's been the leading hypothesis for what caused this event, which is called the Younger Dryas. And so, somehow or other, they would have to figure out how the comet impact\/collision event would fit in with this pretty well-established idea that there was this huge burst of fresh, cold water that went into the North Atlantic.","So, how will all this get sorted out?","Well, more data are needed, I think, is what scientists are fond of saying, and this is certainly a case where that is true.","NPR science correspondent, Richard Harris, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Scientists need more data to confirm their hypotheses."} +{"dialogue":["Well, they're sort of wrapping up. I mean once the storm makes landfall here then they sort of move on to the next thing. So, you have a lot of media around, but in fact the meteorologists are just checking their figures and sort winding down.","And what details do you have on the storm?How much rain is expected from the hurricane?","Well, the hurricane could drop up to a foot of rain in some areas. It really depends precisely where you are. Especially areas that are to the east and north of the center of the storm - could get very very heavy rainfall.","There have been, kind of, expectations that the storm would be as big, maybe as Katrina, maybe even bigger and a lot of very scary talk from New Orleans fears prompting evacuations. What is the difference between hurricanes Gustav and Katrina?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The rainfall from the hurricane varies depending on location"} +{"dialogue":["What does Disney get?I mean, what that had the label Fox on it goes over to Disney?","So this is a $71. 3 billion deal, and it involves two of the biggest studios in Hollywood. So there's a lot of names involved in this in TV and film that folks will recognize. So Disney gets outlets like 20th Century Fox Television, which produces shows like \"Empire\" and \"Modern Family. \"They get Fox animation and National Geographic partners. Now, Fox, meanwhile, has created this slimmed-down company to include a lot of the stuff that Disney didn't buy. So they have Fox News Channel, Fox Business network, the Fox broadcast network and Fox Sports. And in fact, the former speaker of the House Paul Ryan was named to the board of that new Fox Corporation.","So Rupert Murdoch's family which, of course, has controlled Fox - Murdoch keeps the stuff which, we can imagine, is closest to his heart, like the Fox News Channel and gets rid of some of this other stuff.","Right, a company that's a little more focused on news and sports."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Rupert Murdoch's family has given up some of their media outlets, like 20th Century Fox Television, in the deal, but kept the outlets closest to their heart, like Fox News Channel."} +{"dialogue":["This is News and Notes. I'm Tony Cox. According to the American Medical Association, addiction is the most untreated treatable disease in America. It doesn't discriminate, affecting people without regard to race, sex, or economic status. And many addicts manage to function everyday without others knowing who they are. But how do they do it?Today, we continue our series on addiction with a look at functioning addicts. We're joined by Ed Storti, the author of several books and a certified alcohol and drug counselor and intervention specialist. Ed, welcome to News and Notes.","Thank you, Tony.","Let's begin with this. Give us an example of what a functioning addict is?","I think the functioning addict is one that's out there, they're on the freeway, they're going to work, they're trying to do the right thing, but ultimately, they're living in fear, they're living in emotional turmoil. Many find a way to sedate their feelings sometimes at night or early in the morning. But overall, they're still pulling it off. Meaning, folks haven't caught on or it takes for some folks, years and years. Personally, my youngest patient has been 12 years of age. My oldest patient has been 94 years of age. And I was just working with a group of people that the family said we need to intervene on this 82-year-old female. And I said when did you start noticing problems and issues with her and they said, well when she was about 41 years of age."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Functioning addicts hide their addiction while carrying on with daily life."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.",". . . To (unintelligible).","Correct.","So what has changed since then?What has happened now?What's causing these federal charges to be brought now?","I think, you know, a big part of this is, one, the #MeToo movement, but two, a bigger part of this is the Miami Herald's three-part series late last year that sort of got everybody interested in this, including the Daily Beast - and we've been working on this now for a year - that highlighted, one, the non-prosecution agreement, why these girls weren't given their day in court - essentially made the U. S. Justice Department look bad."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The #MeToo movement, as well as the Miami Herald's series, have caused the U.S. Justice Department to re-examine their handling of the case and brought about the federal charges."} +{"dialogue":["Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.","You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?","Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.","Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : If the violence doesn't stop, the election won't be fair"} +{"dialogue":["So they set up a system of community courts - without lawyers - to sort of repurpose a system that really had only been used for small claims mitigation in traditional Rwanda, called gacaca, and have open, communal - what we might call a town hall - format for trials. And then the idea was to hold people accountable and have a system of punishment. And this system banked very heavily on encouraging confession and rewarding it. But the confessions were supposed to be also verified by the community.","And what was the specific role of the victims or their surviving family members?They had to be there. And then, after verifying a certain account, were they expected to then make a public state of forgiveness or reconciliation?","They weren't necessarily in a position to verify. Many of them knew that so-and-so was always said to have killed their family members. But they weren't direct witnesses because, by virtue of their survival, that usually meant that they were either somewhere else or well-hidden or had escaped or. . .","Not present, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Survivors of the genocide did not have direct knowledge of the crimes committed against their family members."} +{"dialogue":["And some - I'm trying to blend. I'm trying to be a weevil.","I got you. You know, you talked about singing to your children. Do you suggest singing to pregnant mothers, too?(unintelligible)","Absolutely. Absolutely. They can hear - babies can hear from about six months gestation. This is the way language development begins. This is the way we teach. This is the way we connect, nurture, and love our young. And although we have many devices, many toys that bleep and beep and sing and all of that, it's really important to have that human element. So speaking to, reading to, singing to your very young child is extremely important.","Nnenna Freelon, you are a fantastic talent. We appreciate you coming on News & Notes. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Speaking, reading, and singing to young children is important for their growth and development"} +{"dialogue":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"Flori-duh\" is a pun that plays on the literal name of the state, Florida, and the slang term \"duh\" which is often used to indicate stupidity or foolishness. This turn is figurative in nature."} +{"dialogue":["You put us on this boat. I don't know when I'm going to get off. You flooded the Earth. Everybody else is dead. So explain that. She seems aggravated with God.","Yeah. I think she's so flummoxed by how they've gotten into this position. And why her?And why not others?And what it could mean - all these conversations that he seems to have with other people and not with her. And she - and yet to keep putting her in positions of godliness, where she's in charge of everything. And she has to make sure things survive. And yet she doesn't get to hear his reasoning or know him. And yeah, so I think she's coming from a point of just utter frustration at the start of the book. And then she's learning how to deal with that over the course of it.","I mean this next comment in the nicest way. But this is a very weird and strange book, right?There's supernatural elements. You play with the timeline. We go back and forth from the past to the future. There's an angel. There's a dead woman who makes appearances. Was weirdness what you were after?How did that come to be?","Yeah. That's got to be my favorite word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is not an actual timeline but some things do change in time in the book that affect the future and the past."} +{"dialogue":["Great to be here.","Could you take us back to that moment - 1947, I guess; the Hotel Pennsylvania in Manhattan; and Edwin Land wheels in this mahogany-clad contraption.","That's right. At the very first demonstration, it was at a meeting of a big optical society; and he brought in one of those big-view cameras - the kind you see in pictures from the 19th century; you know, the big wooden thing with a cloth over the head. And they had installed a special back on it, to take prototype instant film. And as the story goes, he pulls a sheet of film out of his camera; and he puts it through a little pair of rollers, to develop it; and 50 seconds later, he peels it off and reveals his own face. And in fact, because they. . .","I feel like I should go (gasps)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["But it was this idea of, well, that's what America is. And it was a very prescribed, very male, very white identity. And it linked up with, you know, I think a very chauvinistic idea about what we do with our military. I think this is all intertwined.","What do you mean about what we do with our military?","Well, in the sense that there is this very shoot-first-and-ask-questions later attitude about when we go out in the world. So I think when we take our values into the world throughout when this happens, throughout the 20th century, I think that there's a lot of good to be said about the intentions on a basic level. You know, we are going to go help people. But oftentimes the idea that the answer is military force, I think that that comes out of a lot of the same idea that this identity of the military as a very masculine, a very - you know, very prescribed idea.","As you follow the news as a journalist over the past many years, which events make you think of this story of the Rough Riders?Which events have resonance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The military is associated with masculinity and force as a solution."} +{"dialogue":["Some might see it that way. Some look at other numbers and are a little less sympathetic to the auto industry. Sometimes, people are critical. They say that union auto workers are paid too much. What, from your perspective, would you tell people who have that opinion, who say, look, guys working for Toyota don't get nearly as much in benefits. You guys should give up some more.","You can only get what you can negotiate from a company, and a company has to have something for you to negotiate it from, and that's basically how we got where we are today. We happen to work for three companies that were far and above - probably most companies in America pay their CEOs huge profits, huge wages. And, you know, we only negotiate our share of that.","Now, if we have to give our share back to save that company, I guess that's something we've got to do, you know. I guess America has to decide if they want an American auto business here in America, or if they want to rely on China to fight a war in the event we have to go to one.","I'm curious, Mr. Watson. Personally, what's at stake for you?You, I'm sure, still receive benefits from GM. Are you possibly sacrificing some things here, and what would that mean for you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Companies pay their CEOs huge profits, while the workers get a small share."} +{"dialogue":["The law now differs whether the gun being purchased is a handgun or what is broadly defined as a long gun. So the law is that if it's a handgun, you need to be 21. But long guns - rifles, shotguns and assault-style rifles included - that's 18. And after Parkland, where the perpetrator was 19 and legally purchased an assault-style rifle, there has been a call to raise that minimum age for assault-style rifles and all long guns.","What about arming teachers?What changes to the law would be required?","That gets complex. We do have the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which was signed with the first President Bush. But it allows for some discretion at the state and local level. And some states allow individual districts to set their own policies. And so we at The Trace of reported on districts in Ohio that allow certain designated teachers and other school staff members to access guns. Texas is another state where that happens. So, in fact, there are some states where there are guns in schools accessible to some teachers and staff members.","Have there been gun laws that have been rolled back by the Trump administration?","The big picture under Trump is that not much has changed, which is interesting because Trump had such strong backing from the National Rifle Association. And they have two big priorities. One is something called concealed carry reciprocity. And the upshot is that if you have a license to carry a concealed gun in your home state, every other state would have to honor that license and vice versa. That does pass the House in December - not taken up by the Senate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Changes to laws regarding arming teachers are complex and vary at the state and local levels."} +{"dialogue":["He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr. Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.","Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The drops did not help the bishop's condition which eventually led to his death. Dr. Hunter collected and preserved the bishop's rectum, which became a prominent exhibit in his museum."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I was there at the time and I didn't think that Ukraine would take off at all. The first problem was that there were no good economic thinkers at all in Ukraine. All the thinking was really done in Moscow. And the other part was political, that Ukraine came together through a coalition of Ukrainian nationalists in the West who wanted to have an independent state and the old corrupt nomenklatura who wanted to stay in power, and in effect they did.","Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have been camping out in downtown Kiev, calling for change, more of a turn towards the West. What do you make of the protest movement when you have this agreement?Is it the kind of thing that in the West we might see and identify with and therefore maybe exaggerate the strength?","Well, what this is, is not about trade agreement - that's the lesser part. It's about European values. It's about democracy and rule of law. Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance. They want to live as in Europe.","You wrote a book in 2009, \"How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"It's about European values.It's about democracy and rule of law.Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance.They want to live as in Europe.\""} +{"dialogue":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S. citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new."} +{"dialogue":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Farmers who are most affected by climate change are the least likely to believe in it"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : behind the scenes - to see the inner workings of things"} +{"dialogue":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Implies that the current situation is a de-facto form of long-term leadership by President Kabila, without the need for elections."} +{"dialogue":["No, no. It definitely can't. And the argument that you sort use is it's just growing too fast, and we're seeing it as it was six billion years ago almost. So if they grew that fast for six billion years, it would be just far too big.","Oh.","So it probably only lasts for a measly 100 million years or so.","Where do you go from here with this work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : (1) \"it's just growing too fast\" - This phrase is not referring to the physical speed of growth but rather the rate of growth over time."} +{"dialogue":["So you're doing a lot of logistics as well. As I understand it, Deming has declared a state of emergency. What does that do for you?What does that get you, if anything?","Well, the city - and remember I'm the county, that's the city.","Mmm hmm.","They did make an emergency declaration. That was just to free up some funding. And that was, you know, on the governor's word that we would be reimbursed in whole. And it was essentially just so we could spend money to help support these people until they're on to their next destination."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The emergency declaration was made just to access funding."} +{"dialogue":["I love it.","Yeah. What do you like specifically about reading your work to an audience that makes it different, perhaps, from writing it for the page?","It's like playing music to an audience. To play the music and not feel the responsive vibrations, something coming back, is meaningless to me. But what happens in a live context when you are reciting or reading your poetry, it's only partially complete when you're reading it. It's completed when it's received. And poetry's very much like music. It's vibration and frequency. And it affects us in ways that we don't altogether understand. But we know it's happening.","What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words. "} +{"dialogue":["He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.","Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.","I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.","That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Heda and her classmates have been connecting and sharing memories of their teacher on Facebook."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, my goodness, the crisis keeps deepening by the day. Yesterday, some of the parties called for a vote of no confidence. The chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, was hoping that he could get rid of Interior Minister Kickl, who has also been the center of several scandals himself during the course of the 18 months that they've been in government. The other ministers of Transport, Defense and Labor said, we're going to leave, too.","So you're describing all sorts of behind-closed-doors machinations going on here. But bottom line - as Austria prepares to go to bed tonight, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is still in charge of the government, but he doesn't have much of a government now that his coalition has fallen apart.","Exactly.","How is this playing as you are out and about interviewing people on the streets of Vienna?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The government is in a state of crisis due to political machinations behind the scenes, but Sebastian Kurz is still in power despite losing his coalition."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah?",". . . Is this important, really, at the end of the day?Or is this all a distraction?","Well, in a lot of ways, this is a distraction from the larger issue, which is the Russia investigation and the concern that Russia's been influencing our elections, right?But in the one side, who was involved or who did what with whom?The real problem is that Russia is attacking our body politics. And we have to come together as Republicans, Democrats and really fight back against that problem because we've got by-elections coming up here in 2018.","Jamil Jaffer is the founder of the National Security Institute. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The identity of the person involved in the Russia investigation is less important than the fact that Russia is attacking the body politics and needs to be fought against."} +{"dialogue":["Well, look. Latinos care about the economy. They care about education. They care about health care and national security. So when you weigh those things on a scale, you'd be surprised how much folks embrace the conservative message. In fact, more Latinos self-identify as conservatives than they do as liberals.","Right. Obviously, Latinos are not a monolithic group. Many Cubans, for example, vote Republican because of their particular history. But how do you sell the conservative view at this particular point in time?You may have a powerful economic message. But can that resonate if an entire demographic may feel demonized and under threat?","Look. Latino citizens are smart, mature, educated voters who understand and can disassociate the comments of the president with what, you know, they need for solid policy that is going to make their lives better. I mean, that's what you have to ask yourself at the end of the day, you know, when you vote for some one person or the other, or one party or the other. Will that person make my life better?And that's the calculation that everybody makes. And Latinos do, too. So look. It's up to the candidate. And it's up to the party to sell their message, to market their message. We're a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. And what we advance are principles. And that's what Latinos embrace.","But it's not just the president. The Republican Party and its base has swung to the right on the issue of immigration and how to deal with it. There hasn't been a discussion, for example, of reform, looking at how people can work here legally but rather enforcement, deporting people, building walls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Latino citizens can disassociate comments from the president and focus on solid policy"} +{"dialogue":["They do but it's almost imperceptible. They're - they have pretty soft body for ants and unless they get you in a very sensitive part, you can't even feel it. But in fire ants - fire ants have a stinger so they sting. So that's what the painful part of a fire ant sting is.","What's the future of these guys?Do you think that they're going to populate the whole South?I mean is there any limit to their migration?","Well, there are several limits, and we don't know what a lot of them are yet. One very important limit in the short term is that they do - they don't have winged dispersal. So they don't send out ants - winged ants to form new colonies, which means their spread is quite slow over land, about 200 meters a year radially.","So the only way that they can colonize distant places is when people pick them up and move them, which unfortunately people do a lot. And they do it because these ants like to live in these pre-existing cavities, like flower pots or plywoods you left on the ground too long or old boxes. So that's one limitation to their spread. Others are that - are abiotic(ph) limitations like freeze tolerance and drought tolerance. And we don't know yet what those are for this species."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They like to live in holes of things such as pots and the ground."} +{"dialogue":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is reassuring to be accepted and welcomed here by Tony."} +{"dialogue":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr. Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves introducing them to the same types of microorganisms they would find in the ocean, which is much more diverse than the sterile saltwater they live in."} +{"dialogue":["Do we know what was in these emails?What were they about?","It was basically a whole range of emails - the fast-moving events of the Arab Spring, Afghanistan, the war in Syria. One person told me that emails in question were summaries of cell phone conversations with foreign ministers that wanted to get urgent messages passed along to Hillary Clinton. So, you know, remember, it's cell phone conversations, so not on a very secure line.","One key point to tease out here is that the material here was not classified at the time the emails were sent, right?They were - it was retroactively classified.","That's right, and that's the big question that a lot of these diplomats have. You know, they were a dinner conversation with a bunch of foreign officials or with a bunch of foreigners, and they were writing back to this. Why would that be classified now?And that's a question that a lot of these people are having - why they were retroactively classified. And by the way, I should mention that some were told that they were retroactively classified in 2015, 2016, before the Trump administration came to office. Others didn't know when theirs were retroactively classified."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened."} +{"dialogue":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr. Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr. Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Is increased government funding the solution to preventing this kind of accident from happening in the future?"} +{"dialogue":["Well - and very fortunately because the plane at the time he bailed out was headed more or less straight for a densely populated area - Pensacola, Florida. And if you look at the map, it came down just a few miles outside of town, also not far from the Gulf. That plane almost - he almost did guide it into the Gulf maybe 10 miles away.","And since this plane crashed, has anybody heard from Marcus Schrenker?","Well, supposedly one of his friends or acquaintances did get an email from him today. The county sheriff's office in Milton, Florida, which is sort of coordinating the crash investigation, said they couldn't confirm that email, but there were reports that he did send out this email.","Business reporter for the Indianapolis Star, Jeff Swiatek, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane."} +{"dialogue":["And to do that you have to make time as a real thing.","Well sure because if laws can change in time, then there's nothing beyond time. And this is. . .","Yeah, I understand. How would then - how would the laws of nature then change over time?What is the mechanism that they would be changing or change them?","Well, since I'm a scientist, my job once coming to the philosophical idea that they have to change, is to invent hypotheses as to how they might change. And the whole point is that these hypotheses, since they're about the past, should be testable by observations we can make. So in the book \"Time Reborn\" I consider several of these hypotheses."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : NONE"} +{"dialogue":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr. Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Despite feeling terrible, Vic has a compulsion to eat."} +{"dialogue":["We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, as always, Scott.","Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?","Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The court may allow the cross to remain on public property despite objections."} +{"dialogue":["Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?","We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S. She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S. has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S. passports, but the U. S. is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.","As you point out, this is not just about U. S. citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?","Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K. has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Not all citizens from Syria will be accepted back."} +{"dialogue":["And I can tell you though when people of color hear white people say, I was taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up, they're usually rolling their eyes. And they're definitely not thinking, oh, right, I'm talking to a woke white person right now. They're usually thinking this is a dangerous white person. This is a white person who has no self-awareness and is not going to be able to hold and affirm my reality, which is fundamentally different than theirs in a society which is deeply separate and unequal by race.","And you actually, in this book, very specifically target white progressives. You say that white progressives cause the most daily damage to people of color. What do you mean?","Yeah. First, let's define a white progressive. In my mind, it's any white person who thinks they're not racist - thinks they get it, thinks they are less racist, who's listening to the show right now thinking of all the other white people that really should be listening to this show right now.","Right. It's never us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : White people saying they were taught to treat everyone the same is not enough to combat racism."} +{"dialogue":["This country, Cameroon, acts as a source, transit and destination. Especially the Kumbo Diocese, as it is economically poor region. It's a source for many traffickers to have children from our region to take them to the cities, to the towns and to the other nations, especially to the Middle East, where they're exploited sexually, physically and mentally.","So they're taken from homes. They're taken from schools. What happens?","Mostly, they're taken from homes or from where they are working. If they are working in somebody's house, they lobby the girl, say that OK, there is a job opportunity in Middle East as a teacher or as a nurse. Then when they go, they go to a center called a kadama (ph). In Arab, it is called a slave. So they go there. They are bought and sold to various places to be exploited.","What do you do, Sister?What can your organization do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : highlighting the deceptive tactics used by traffickers to convince girls that there are job opportunities in the Middle East as teachers or nurses, but in reality, they are being trafficked and subjected to exploitation."} +{"dialogue":["Well, crown-of-thorn starfish are found across much of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans. They are - they're about dinner-plate size, multiple arms, have little thorn-like spines coming out of them. They're also quite venomous. So the last thing you want to do is touch one and have it prick you, and it can cause paralysis.","But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Crown-of-thorn starfish eat coral and leave it dead behind"} +{"dialogue":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The photograph reminded me of my childhood and almost made me cry."} +{"dialogue":["I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.","And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.","We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?","I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The essayists were free to write about what was most poignant to them without any predetermined ideas (1)"} +{"dialogue":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S. and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The government\u2019s lack of interest and prioritization of political issues is causing a delay in getting necessary approvals and treatments for crops and animals."} +{"dialogue":["You note when Turkey failed to prosecute this man and then your office did prosecute this man that you became a kind of social media hero in Turkey. You got a huge following. Apparently. . .","Yeah. Completely undeserved. As I said, other people had done the work. But I became a symbol. And I say, look, the prosecutors are not saviors. They can't solve everything. It takes an involvement from a lot of other people. It just happens to be the case that it's very easy to put, you know, their hopes and hatreds both, sometimes, in the figure of a prosecutor.","Are people putting too much faith in Robert Mueller?","People should have a lot of faith in Robert Mueller. I have a ton of faith in Robert Mueller. I think, you know, he is not a deity and he should not be put on a pedestal, but there's no one I can think of in the country who could have done this job as honorably as he's doing. And even he has been attacked and dragged through the mud and false accusations made about him. What I'm saying is he's just a lawman acting by the book trying to do what he thinks is correct with a band of really, really smart, I think, honorable people around him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Mueller should be respected and trusted, even though he has been wrongfully attacked and criticized."} +{"dialogue":["This is an email. We've asked other songwriters to email us and say how much of themselves and their lives do they put in into their lyrics. This is from Luli(ph). I hope I'm pronouncing that correctly. I have always put my own experiences in my music combined with experiences and emotions I interpret from those around me. One challenge has always been with significant others looking too deeply into my music if, for example, the song is sad or about love. A risk that somebody is going to misinterpret something.","Well, as Eudora Welty so beautifully put it, all serious steering comes from within. So, you know, I think that you can't have your art and not take risks.","And this one is from Mary: My husband passed two years ago at the age of 50. I lost all desire to play, as well as creativity. Only recently have I rediscovered how to put my emotion into my music. My life is definitely reflected in my music. Thank you to all singer-songwriters for giving us a channel through your lives.","How long after these events - obviously, your father passed last year, so not that long before you went into production for this album.","No. I have been writing these songs that became this record for the last few years. And then after dad died, I had a few more songs to write, as you can imagine. And then I went into a studio this past January and recorded the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The songwriter wrote songs about their father's death"} +{"dialogue":["About 300 jobs will be coming back to the Granite City Works plant in Granite City, Ill. U. S. Steel made that announcement this past week. That's on top of the 500 new jobs U. S. Steel announced in March. The company pointed to the Trump administration's controversial tariffs on imported steel as one of the reasons. Dan Simmons is the president of the steelworkers union in Granite City, and he joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Well, thank you.","I want to take you back a little bit to understand the context of what happened in your town. I understand the last few years have been really tough for your members. U. S. Steel laid off hundreds of workers in 2015. What did that mean for the people there?","It was devastating. When you take their livelihood away, there's nothing out there. And what jobs are there that these guys were able to, you know, pick up, they weren't making nothing what they were making with us. And you watch the - not only these members and their families erode, you see this town erode, the community. It's like a big sucking sound, so to speak.","So what has the community's reaction been to this most recent announcement?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The families, town, and communities lose members and become non existent as a unit."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's definitely run by individual nations but individual nations with their systems tied together. And that happens both geographically but also temporally. You know, one of the key tools for observations that feed the weather models are the polar-orbiting satellites. It's so well-integrated that the European polar orbiters cover the earth in each local time's morning, and the American orbiters come in the afternoon.","I mean, that's a sort of pattern that has been essential to making sure that, you know, we have the latest observations from every part of the earth's atmosphere. It's about this sort of continually humming system to step forward in time and correct slightly and, you know, keep spitting out a changing forecast that hopefully gets better and better.","And so up until now, it's been governments that have been obviously calculating the weather for the greater good. But you call privatization a major threat to weather forecasting. Explain.","Yes, it's a 150-year-old system of governments collaborating with each other as a global public good. You know, in the '60s, it was something that President Kennedy saw as a sort of counterpoint to the space race. You know, meteorology was a way that governments could collaborate. But more recently, we potentially have a kind of bifurcation. You know, we potentially have forecasts for the haves and forecasts for the have-nots."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The weather models obtain information from the satellites."} +{"dialogue":["I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.","And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?","So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It would be difficult to conduct an election in the 9th District quickly."} +{"dialogue":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The cost of running prisons is diverting resources from other important areas such as healthcare and education."} +{"dialogue":["And one thing I have learned in writing \"Big Game\" is that the NFL is a big club. We think we know everything; there's all this insider access that the NFL sells. But Colin Kaepernick, Donald Trump - these are outsiders who sort of stormed the club in their own ways. And they try to reveal things. And Colin Kaepernick, by way of this lawsuit, is going to put some very, very uncomfortable people in open court, potentially, in ways that could really expose a lot and sort of open a lot more Pandora's boxes.","Moving on in your book, I infer that Donald Trump might never have become president if the NFL owners had let him buy a football team.","That is the great thought experiment here. Donald Trump - he's tried to get into the NFL for maybe about four decades. If Donald Trump had gotten the Buffalo Bills in 2014, and it's not clear that he was ever close - he was sort of laughed out of the room in some ways - the NFL might have a very different headache or non-headache from the White House. And Donald Trump could be torturing them from within.","Well, why didn't they like his bid for the Bills or any other team he's made over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : If the NFL owners had let Donald Trump buy a team, he might not have become president."} +{"dialogue":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Long Island lockjaw refers to a particular accent."} +{"dialogue":["We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.","David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.","Thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much, Rachel."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years and 20% leave for at least 20 years."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, I mean, I always have someone in mind. I'm not going to tell you people. But. . .","You know, there's always someone in mind when I'm writing. You know, it's all comes from somewhere inside.","Such a big part of that song is your voice, and I'm wondering if there's anything that you strive for when you sing a song like that.","I used to be really nervous when I sang. Like, when I was a kid starting young, 18 and 19, and my dad really had to sort of pushed me to start singing in front of people. Ever since I got out there and really started doing it, the only thing I've ever tried to do is just sort of is be myself, you know, never put on a voice. Sing naturally. And that always seems to work best for me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who."} +{"dialogue":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : DDoS attacks are like clogging up your arteries with requests, overwhelming the server."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, absolutely.","What do you mean?","Well, I've been through a lot. People don't like talking about things that hurt. Usually we like to skip over that stuff because it brings up something that's unpleasant, but honestly it's the only way that I feel like some of those things have purpose because of somebody else's journey. And I really believe, you know, the quote from the Scriptures that says, all things work together for my good. All things work together for my good, not just the stuff I liked, not just the stuff that felt really great in the highs in my life that were wonderful, even not selling records has worked for my good because my ego is not in a place where you can't be in the same room with me and fit.","I'm not in a place that when I see an unwed mother at 17, that I go, she probably didn't have no mama that cared about her. I had a mama that cared and I could have been that girl. And because of knowing that it could have been me, when I see them the emphatically in heart is different than somebody else's who doesn't know what it's like to be that girl whose been manipulated and her innocence stolen from her. It was stolen from me, and I know what that feels like. And you feel by yourself, you feel damaged goods."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Talking about unpleasant things can have a purpose"} +{"dialogue":["And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.","Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.","Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?","He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Deacon White was a man of high moral character who prioritized his family."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the government, it's been a little late and a little ad hoc, you know, beginning with the bailout of Bear Stearns. You know, the solutions were simply antiseptic, one-off types of solutions that ultimately led to bigger problems, and now, of course, in the last few weeks, the potential for one giant massive solution, but the ad hoc nature of it and the timeliness of the response has been a little lacking, in my opinion.","Well, now, we have this $850 billion rescue plan, $250 billion of that going directly into banks. That's something that you have called for in the last month. The government is responding. Still, in the markets, you don't see a sense of calm, and you write about that. America is afraid, you say.","Yes. America's afraid. Investors are afraid, and, you know, the delicate combination between Wall Street and Main Street has reinforced the fear of each.","From what I read, a fundamental source of the fear is this continuing uncertainty about what assets are worth. You have offered to help the government with that?You said you'd do it for nothing. Have you heard back from anybody at the Treasury?Have they called you up to say, gee, great, thanks, let's go to work?","Well, there have been discussions, Alex. We haven't had any final decision. We hope to hear, I suppose, within the next 24 to 48 hours, and so. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is becoming very dangerous for workers to run Ebola clinics"} +{"dialogue":[". . . Does her story intersect with KBR Halliburton's?","I mean, you know, there was a group of human rights lawyers here in the United States who heard about this case, who read my work more than a decade ago. And three very idealistic young human rights lawyers, one of them had been a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal. And, you know, they took up this case. This was really the dawn of the era of modern-day slavery and international human trafficking. And the U. S. government had fueled it with our own tax dollars.","What were these human rights lawyers trying to prove against KBR?","Well, they were trying to prove their culpability. First, they just needed to prove that these men were in KBR supply chain in order to get U. S. government compensation for them, which took two years. And the key witness, you know, they needed the families. They represented the families, then, in a human trafficking civil action that they brought, hoping to end this practice in the U. S. military and also hoping to get some justice for the - for Kamala and the other victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The human rights lawyers took up the case to end human trafficking and modern-day slavery."} +{"dialogue":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences."} +{"dialogue":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : These techniques have not been implemented due to cost concerns, despite the expensive investment in technologies that don't work for police departments."} +{"dialogue":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan."} +{"dialogue":["The bad news in this story involves the main character's family and her country of origin. She is from Haiti. Most of the characters in Danticat's new book of short stories are Haitian-American. They live in New York or Miami, but Haiti is often in their hearts and on their minds. Natural disasters and political disasters have sent many of its people fleeing to the U. S. Danticat's book of short stories called \"Everything Inside\" reflects her experiences as an immigrant.","How did your family come to the United States?","My father first came when I was 2 years old. He came on a tourist visa, which he overstayed, and as did my mother. When I - she left when I was 4, and they were undocumented for about eight years. And during that time, we were separated. I stayed in Haiti with my aunt and uncle. And when I was 12, after they had changed their status and were - got their papers, then they were able to send for me and my brother to join them in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in 1981.","I'm sure you've had to tell this story more than once, and I'm sorry to dwell on it. But both as a parent and as a son, to think about so many years away from your parents and especially those particular years, that could not have been easy."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Danticat's book of short stories reflects the immigrant experience"} +{"dialogue":["Look; can Democrats accuse Republicans of refusing to live up to their oversight responsibilities because they don't want to antagonize what they take to be their political base if Democrats don't bring up impeachment because the poll numbers are discouraging or because they think they'd lose the vote in the Senate?Isn't there a constitutional responsibility, too?","I think there's absolutely constitutional responsibility right now to break through obstructionism put up by the president to continue the investigations that we're pursuing right now. Just as an example, you know, within the Intelligence Committee and the Oversight Committee, we're pressing for the financial records of the president through Deutsche Bank and his accounting firm to figure out, you know, what are his ties to the Russians?This is material that I don't think that the Mueller team necessarily pursued because the president had put a red line around it. And I think the Mueller team, based on what we can tell, decided not to cross that red line.","So this is potentially new material that hopefully would move some independent-minded folks on the other side depending on what the results are. But at the end of the day, this can't be about party. It has to be about our country and what's best for our country. I do believe the president has done some very bad things, and now we have to hold him accountable.","How?I mean, isn't - doesn't the Constitution provide the instrument for holding him accountable right in front of you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The person thinks there is contitutional responsibility to investigate areas that the president has said not to. The Mueller team did not as the president told them to investigate only so much and then to stop."} +{"dialogue":["His team had not made the playoff for three years, and his defense was awful. Now, you could say, Mike Shanahan, he's supposed to be good at offense. But as the head coach, it's your responsibility. And also, Mike Shanahan was the GM, the general manager of his team. So he was in charge of picking all the players.","Sometimes, when a coach is both the GM and the coach, an owner will say, we're going to strip you of that GM responsibility, and the coach usually chafes. A famous coach, Bill Parcells, once likened it to, they want me to cook the food, but they won't let me buy the groceries.","Romeo Crennel had about a three-sentence statement about his firing. He was the former coach of the Browns. One of the sentences was this. It says it all. I did not win enough games. So I must move on. That's it.","I wonder if Leo Tolstoy could have written that."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Referring about Leo Tolstoy work reference from Romeo Crennel's statement."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.","And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?","So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.","But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person believed that fighting was good and valuable for hockey and normal."} +{"dialogue":["I would like to say I have confidence because my experience at NBC with that network and with that company - overall very good. And I have - you know, I hold them in high regard. I do feel that if it was going to be thorough - and you want to find out how that behavior continued for so long unchecked, as they say - then you would have to go back to at least, based on my documentation - that it can go back to the year 2000. So for me, I'm not filing a lawsuit. I am not trying to bring any more shame to him. But I do think that if they really want to get to the root of how this was allowed to happen for so many years, then you would have to come to me and ask how it all started.","Matt Lauer has since released his first statement to The Post. What did you think when you read it?","I thought it was very defensive. I thought - I think he is still feeling sorry for himself. I think that it's really sad if he doesn't view what he did as coercive or an abuse of power.","Have you spoken to Linda Vester, the woman who's made the allegations against Tom Brokaw?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years."} +{"dialogue":["What do you think needs to change now for the culture of harassment and sexual abuse to shift?","Well, I think what we're doing now is the biggest part. What has kept this quiet for so long is the fact that every victim felt that they were alone and felt that they were the only one. And they felt that their pain wasn't a big enough deal to bring it up and inconvenience other people. But now that you're seeing that so many other people are suffering and you're not the only one, we're all starting to stand up and do something about it. So we need to continue to talk about it, and we need to continue to find ways to keep this from happening anymore.","Kyle Stephens, I hope you can step out of the limelight for a while and, yeah, continue to heal. Thank you so much for talking with us.","Thanks, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue."} +{"dialogue":["About the South, I think what's missing is an attention to the ways that we have progressed but the paradox of that progress here for many folks. We're not getting to those deep structures because the South is so glittery now. We have Starbucks, and we have Whole Foods. And there are cranes in the sky, as Solange Knowles would say, all across the South. We're in the newest New South. There are lots of stories about growth and progress. But, again, at what cost?On whose backs?","And so about Memphis, I think what we miss is that because we have seemingly healed in the form of a museum, in the form of commemoration, in the form of reckoning with this assassination that we're on the upswing, that we're moving forward. But as I mentioned earlier, I feel that time has stood still and gone backwards and circled around us in a lot of ways here and that what gets missed is that there are people in the middle of this play of politics, in the middle of this history who are crushed but that still are striving in ways that are remarkable and beautiful. There is joy. There is dancing. There is singing. Sometimes, I hop into a church just to hear the sounds of joy that come out. And I think that gets lost in the way that we talk about the city in the national media.","Zandria Robinson is a sociology professor at Rhodes College and a Memphis native. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite the progress and growth in the South, there are still underlying issues that need to be addressed."} +{"dialogue":["But David, wasn't that what the banks were supposed to be doing themselves, getting that money that they were given, to - and lending it out to homeowners, to small-business owners?","Yes, exactly. And essentially, they took that money, and a lot of the banks hoarded it. Some actually paid out bonuses to their executives; others paid out dividends to their shareholders. It really angered a lot of lawmakers. There was actually a report out by a congressional oversight committee that criticized the current Treasury for not tracking the money and not forcing banks to lend out this money or for helping homeowners. Geithner is basically responding to those criticisms and doing those very things.","So, what's his plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the Treasury Department?","Well, one idea he's considering is to create a separate bureau within Treasury. It would be easier to track the performance of the rescue program if it was separated out from the rest of the Treasury. That's the belief. But in addition to that, they are really thinking about creating whole - entire new programs that would force banks to reveal what they are doing with rescue money as well as support some of the markets that finance credit cards, auto loans, you know, municipal bonds. These are new programs that haven't yet existed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the treasury Department"} +{"dialogue":["Yes. Not a lot of people, but if you go into the databases where all these academic reports are kept and where they reference each other, you find that a lot of these reports, other people did cite him. And sometimes I've gone in and looked at those later reports by other people that mention Trinkaus' reports. And it seems to me that many times they didn't really read his report. They just - they saw he did a report that's about something related to what they're doing and they mentioned him. There are a surprising number of studies in academia that are like that, that mentioned earlier reports by other people and it's not clear whether they actually read those reports.","In hearing about him, I feel like there are shades of the 19th century naturalists who just went around tallying the things they saw around - around them. Do you think he was inspired by that at all or thinks of himself that way?","I don't know whether he was inspired by them, but that has always struck me as being the type of person he is. He looks around. He gets annoyed at what somebody's doing or lots of people, and it makes him curious. He doesn't just sit there and fume and have steam come out his ears or nose or whatever. He sits there and he counts and he documents it, and then he publishes that someplace where other people can read about it.","But he doesn't, at the same time, make any arguments about it. He just sticks to the facts, huh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Many academic reports are cited without actually being read."} +{"dialogue":["So is this new policy on Iran loud huffing and puffing or a strong and proportionate response?Well, for one view on it, we are joined by Suzanne Maloney. She was an adviser to the State Department on Iran issues during the George W. Bush administration, and she is now with the Brookings Institution. Welcome.","Thank you.","So we heard the president say that these sanctions are going to deny access to key financial resources from the senior leaders of Iran. Do you have a sense of what exactly the sanctions are going to do?","I think that may be a bit of an overstatement about denying key economic resources to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran is already heavily sanctioned. In fact, many of the organizations and institutions that are associated with the Office of the Supreme Leader that were highlighted in today's announcement have already been subject to American sanctions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests."} +{"dialogue":["But the technical. . .","Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?","Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.","We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The technical definition of a recession doesn't accurately reflect the economic hardship experienced by many people."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I talked to - obviously, I've been all over Iowa and New Hampshire. And most people really want to beat Trump. And I think if we don't stand up and say that we don't - you know, that Democrats don't stand for socialism, we're going to end up reelecting the worst president this country's ever had. And I feel sometimes a lonely voice.","But I think we've got to speak loud and clear that jobs matter. Our economy has to grow. And certainly we want to address income inequality. Absolutely we want to make sure that women have a right to choose, that civil rights and social justice are addressed aggressively. But we've also got to recognize to win in Ohio and Michigan, North Carolina and Wisconsin, we're going to have to, you know, get more to those kitchen table issues that have to do with, you know, somebody's job and - or how many jobs they're having to work just to balance their household budget.","And do you think your fellow candidates are not doing that?","Well, they're certainly doing it to a certain extent. I'm not diminishing climate change or - as an important issue or health care. But I don't think we're going to address climate change by guaranteeing every American a federal job, which is what part of the Green New Deal was. I don't think we're going to address the spiraling inflation in health care by forcibly telling 150 million people that we're going to take away their private insurance."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : To win in key states, Democrats need to prioritize jobs and economic growth."} +{"dialogue":["And we shall not - I certainly won't see his like again. He was also incredibly fun. And so that's the thing to try to hold onto.","He wrote a lot of letters by hand, didn't he?","He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .","Oh, right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : I won't see someone like him again because he was unique and special, and not because he was dead."} +{"dialogue":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Video games can have negative effects on real life."} +{"dialogue":["There probably should be because the funny thing is, for most players, for most people, you might be able to look at this and say, all this success, the way that the city has embraced him and the team, all of these good things would naturally lead to Kawhi Leonard being more inclined to re-sign in Toronto. And we just don't know that that's the case because he's a famously kind of opaque individual. Nobody knows what Kawhi Leonard is thinking, except Kawhi Leonard, about what he really wants in life and in basketball. The team's really good; that might not be enough.","People are talking about him as being one of the greats, right?You're hearing, like, a Michael Jordan comparison being thrown around. Can he really carry the team to a title against the Warriors, though?","Not alone, I don't think so. The one thing about this Raptors team that people do underrate is that, defensively, this Raptors team is as good as anybody in basketball right now. It's a team with versatility, intelligence, a ferocity, defensively. But to beat the Golden State Warriors, they're going to need more guys to make shots offensively. Kawhi Leonard is great. You need more than one great player to win in any playoff series, much less against a championship outfit like the Warriors.","The NBA has pushed for expansion north for decades. But is the rest of Canada at all interested in this?I mean, is this Canada's team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Raptors need more than just Kawhi Leonard to beat the Warriors; they need other players to step up offensively."} +{"dialogue":["After Kristen's story dropped, there was some conversation in circles for about a week. And then immediately, institutions started deflecting responsibility. People immediately responded with some codes of conduct or some immediate action. But no one really wanted to take a look, listen, understand the extent of this problem.","You are continuing your reporting on this. What has been the reaction from female photographers that you have spoken to?","It's really difficult. I was just at a photo conference a few weeks ago. Two women shared their stories of being raped in the field. I don't think we know the extent of how bad it is. Many women in private rooms are starting to speak about what they've experienced. But they're extremely scared to go on the record because they don't want to be seen as difficult to work with. They want to continue photographing. They want to continue doing the work. There's very few people that can hold our own industry accountable. And that's why I wanted to take Kristen's reporting further and really look at, why can't photojournalism really take a hard look at itself and say, you know what?- we might not have been treating each other fairly, and there might be some consequences for our audience because of that?","In your piece, you write that there are these bigger implications here because, as you say, photography informs how we see the world, literally. And when you have the number of women photojournalists behind the camera getting smaller, what does that mean in your view for how the world is then represented?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it."} +{"dialogue":["I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.","Do you see people at work on the power system?","You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.","People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The power grid is unreliable due to generators and solar power being used instead."} +{"dialogue":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : G8 leaders are contemptuous of the rest of the world and think of themselves as the rulers of the planet."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, I think so. I think it's sort of like - the way I've been thinking about it, whereas Neanderthals - they were kind of an archaeological group that was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation, so we had all these bones from individuals we knew were Neanderthals because we've studied their archaeology and the tools they made so well, and so we wanted to compare that archaeology, the people who carried those - made those tools to present-day humans, see how they were related.","But in the case of the Denisovans, we started with the DNA, and we know there must have been a population, and really interesting to see what they were like. The West Eurasian, the European archaeological record and the archaeological record of the Middle East, is really, really well-studied and characterized by European and Western researchers. But the archaeological record of the eastern parts of Eurasia is more poorly studied or not studied at least within the same framework.","And it's a vast region of the world, which we know had humans in it when modern humans exploded out of Africa 40 or 50 thousand years ago. And so it's really exciting, and the data, the DNA tells you it's exciting, to try to figure out who those humans were. They were not exactly Neanderthals.","Hmm. In fact, isn't it true that when this bone was first discovered, people just thought it was a human bone?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : This bone turned out to be a bone of a different species than humans"} +{"dialogue":["Well, that's right. There's obviously not a lot of nuance that can be conveyed in either a four-page letter or a 140-character tweet. And President Trump has been very clear in trying to establish a political narrative around what the attorney general has characterized as the findings in the report. So the question is, is there anything that's going to change, essentially, the political point of view surrounding this report that we're going to learn?Or, essentially, has the news cycle moved on?","Remember, President Trump has had such a consistent approval and disapproval rating. Basically, people's minds are made up about the president. And so I think, from the point of view of Washington and politics, one big question - is there anything in this report - any fact, any conclusion, any information - that offers the possibility of changing the minds of the very few people whose minds are still available to be changed about the president?","Right. I mean, did poll numbers tell us anything even when the summary first came out?We've had, you know, some time since then.","Well, that's right. I mean, look. Consistently, surveys have shown that people in both parties want the report released. It took a little bit of time, but you have seen Republicans migrating around to the narrative that the president has offered for them that, in fact, this report does offer exoneration and vindication. But interestingly, the president himself appears to be somewhat more nervous and concerned about what is actually in this report than he was initially."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The President is worried about the contents of the report despite claiming exoneration and vindication."} +{"dialogue":["So, why did investors react the way they did?","Well, investors are always thinking about what's coming in the future. They are not that concerned with what's happening in the present. And so, Apple had a terrific quarter. They pretty much met expectations. But the markets have become so used to Apple vastly exceeding expectations and the market's become so used to Apple's sort of coming out every six months or a year with some innovative new product that everybody has to have - and that's not happening. And so the market is basically looking for somebody else to fall in love with. And there is Samsung.","And so are they doing what Apple, at least this quarter didn't do, or is Samsung rolling our new technology, new got-to-have products?","Well, the Galaxy series, which is, you know, smartphones, you know, pads, so on and so forth, has been a huge, huge hit. I read somewhere that they went from having sold 30 million Galaxy smart - the new Galaxy smartphones to 40 million in a space of two months. People really like the phones, they have a good advertising campaign and they're less expensive than Apple. And we're at the point in the smartphone market where that matters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["We reached out to everyone. And basically, they said, as so many doctors are want to say, we don't think about price when we prescribe. We just want to give, you know. . .","The best thing that's out there.","The best. But I'd have to say in this case there's not even proof that this is the best. In the studies that got this drug approved, this drug was only effective in curing toenail fungus from 6 to about 9 percent of the time after 11 months of treatment. So it's not even a very effective drug.","From your reporting on this, though, why do doctors do this?They say it's not about cost, but is there an ulterior motive - something that makes certain doctors push certain medicines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Doctors may push certain medications for reasons other than effectiveness"} +{"dialogue":["Well, one of the species that - or one of the challenges that's called out in this report are declines in the populations of pollinators around the world - so birds and bats and bees, quite literally. In the United States and Europe, they're declining by about 40%. In most of the rest of the world, we don't have good data to know how much they're declining. But about a half a trillion dollars a year - trillion with a T - in agricultural products depend on those pollinators. So you can do things in your own backyard to make them pollinator friendly, to plant the right kind of plants and grasses and flowers that those species of bees and birds depend on and not use pesticides that harm them.","Obviously there's a clock running, though. I mean, time is short.","Everything - well, the challenge is we need to do it. We need to do it now. And we need to do sort of everything at once. One of the cheapest, most readily available and cost-effective things that we can do to both solve the biodiversity crisis and the climate crisis is, first, stop deforestation and, second, restore forests and then, third, change our agricultural practices to increase soil carbon and soil health. And the interesting thing is that can actually increase productivity to feed a hungry world and make our agriculture more resilient to climate change. So the point is there are a bunch of things where nature is actually the best solution provider to the climate crisis if we manage it right.","Andrew Deutz is the international director of government relations at The Nature Conservancy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Capitalizing the T in trillion just makes it important."} +{"dialogue":["Murray Horowitz. And I don't care how many operas you write, you're always going to be a clown.","You know, if, God forbid, I were elected president of the United States, the best thing on my resume will still be he was a clown in the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus.","Murray, thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : You will never be taken seriously no matter how hard you try."} +{"dialogue":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S. back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S. companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S. intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S. and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The drop in stocks of major computer chip companies is related to Google's decision to stop supporting Huawei."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.","So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?","Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.","I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage."} +{"dialogue":["So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?","It will be headed by Treasury Secretary Timothy Geitner and National Economic Council Director Lawrence Summers, the two top economic people in the Obama administration. It'll also pool staffers from several different departments throughout the government, including Transportation, Labor, and the EPA.","You mentioned Tim Geithner, Larry Summers. Both gentlemen already have quite a bit on their plates. Isn't there some concern about taking on the auto industry in addition to everything else?","There may be some concern, but I don't know if they have any choice. Just Friday, the supplier industry came to Treasury and put forth a proposal where it would receive up to $25 billion in aid. It did so because it was warning that given the production cuts the automakers have been forced to make this year, there may be a wave of bankruptcies in the supplier industry. They may need aid before the end of February."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Tim Geithner and Larry Summers have a lot of responsibilities"} +{"dialogue":["It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.","So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?","The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.","And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?","Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The justices can not avoid being questioned and they are different from the justice who sided with both political parties."} +{"dialogue":["Oh. . .",". . . equivalent to a nuclear bomb?","Well, it's about - its equivalent - the energy in that explosion is about 10 times the energy in the first atomic bomb. . .","Uh-huh."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The energy released in the explosion is incredibly powerful."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you for having me.","Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?","Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.","Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Lets go back to what you said about Toys R Us being profitable when they filed for bankruptcy and talk about that more."} +{"dialogue":["Once the canvassing board signs off on the recount and stamps it as completed, the loser will have up to seven days - calendar days, not business days - to file a legal contest to the recount. And it's very likely that that's going to be happening and accordingly, that we will not have a certified winner for some time in Minnesota.","Well, if you stick to that calendar and start filling in little blanks for January, do you actually go over into February when you're trying to figure out the schedule?","Well, I think that's anybody's guess right now. It just depends on what type of litigation is filed, if anything does come, and how long it takes to work it out.","Of course, Norm Coleman could say, could he not, well, OK. I'm a good sport. There it is."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There will be a delay in determining the certified winner due to possible legal challenges."} +{"dialogue":["Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.","We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.","Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.","We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The exhibit helps parents teach their kids about diversity"} +{"dialogue":["Right.","How do you think the election changed the political landscape in this country, or do you?","Well, it's changed the landscape entirely. All of the talk of the time of Bush's presidency from 2002, when we started, all the way up until Obama's election, things got more and more depressing as time went on. Even though Bush got actually elected in 2004 as oppose to the disputed election in 2000 - still, most of the news was bad news, and we had a steady diet of bad news and flubs in this, and worries about war and worries about domestic policy and civil liberties and civil rights, and it was just bad news. It was like everything was downhill. And the country was depressed, psychologically. And Bush, now that he's gone, you got a breath of fresh air. Everybody is waiting expectantly. People have been happy. They've celebrated. And now the news is always about, you know, what is going now and how is it going to play out, and with most people hoping that it will play out positively after so much depression.","Are you surprised at the level of engagement of what I would arguably say is the black community at large in the political arena, both as voters, as viewers, as readers and particularly, as political pundits."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Everything was becoming negative in their respective areas. People got a change when the new president was elected. The news is about what is happening and what will happen."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and\/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.","What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.","So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?","There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.","Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The senators should have known about the nominees' background check"} +{"dialogue":["Yes. Well, the Mayan mom would then just drop the kid off with the neighbor or the aunt and say, fine. I'm going to spend the day at the beach by myself. No worries (laughter). This actually brings up a second thing about the Mayan parenting style that's really different from us. And that's this idea that the Mayan mom is not stuck in a box.","Not stuck in a box. What does that mean?","So in our culture, there's this idea that the ideal thing for kids is, like, a stay-at-home mom who focuses her attention on the children. That ends up in practice being is that you have Mom stuck in a box, an apartment in the city, a big house in the suburbs. But if you look around the world, this is not how the parent-child relationship evolved at all or how kids have been raised for hundreds of thousands of years. Instead, the kids are raised by a whole slew of people - grandmas, aunts, nosy neighbors. And so what we do is actually really strange and maybe, arguably, one of the most untraditional family forms that has existed.","Wow. So I guess the takeaway for this Mother's Day is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place."} +{"dialogue":["Visuals that related to Senator Obama in politics.","That's right - different iterations and paintings of Senator Obama. Ron English did one of him as kind of morphing into Abe Lincoln. You know, Shepard's hope thing, you know, was enormous. You know, I did one of Obama looking obviously very hopeful into the city. He's - behind him is a cityscape and rising is the sun. I wanted it to be during, you know, the sunrise. And so he's being backlit by the sun in warm light. And the reason I did the city is because, you know, he's from the city. He can relate to the city. You know, he was raised by a single mom on food stamps, which is much like my experience growing up in Harlem. And you know, he's - and I said I wrote \"one\" on it because he's really - he really represents one, you know, one global community, ethnically diverse, one nation, and really someone that we can, for the first time, being from urban life, relate to, besides Clinton, by the way.","Are you worried about they're being an element of hero worship to this?I mean, both in the fact that so many artists are depicting him, but also in the way that he's depicted.","Yeah. I mean, I'm not worried about it. I think there is a lot of hero worship, but in contrast to what's out there, you know, he is a hero."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Different artworks represent Obama as a hope for urban life."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. And it was supposed to be this sort of message of unity, right?We're all on the same page with this. And the president sort of flips the script, as he often does. And we're not just seeing this disconnect with Russia.","No. There are so many other examples. Last week, the president tweeted that he wanted Attorney General Jeff Sessions to, quote, \"stop this rigged witch hunt\" - in other words, the Mueller investigation - \"right now. \"But Sessions didn't do it. And then his - the president's top lawyers and his press secretary rush out to say, oh, he wasn't giving an command to anyone. And his FBI director Chris Wray has been on the record saying he doesn't think the Mueller investigation is a witch hunt.","Same thing on Iran. President says he talked to the Iranians without preconditions. Hours later, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo lays out a whole lot of preconditions. The president threatens to shut down the government over the border wall. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell comes out and says nope. We're not shutting down the government.","And it's not just Trump's administration, right?We also saw this extraordinary message coming from his wife, the first lady."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The rigged witch hunt is something that is fixed so that a person looks guilty of something when they are not."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. There's our only two fans in the room. That's great.","It is great, but surely not the reaction that Slat expected when he first dreamed up his plan to clean the ocean. Here's Slat explaining his original concept the first time we spoke in 2016.","I envisioned an extremely long network of floating barriers. They're like curtains floating in the ocean. And because it's in a V shape, the plastic gets pushed towards the center. And that's the spot where we can efficiently extract it from the seawater and store it before shipping it to land for recycling.","Well, as we know, Slat's idea didn't quite work as planned."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They are long strips of material that cover a wide area."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, it's pretty scary at the time. It was very intimidating. It just seems like it was completely mental, an attack on a small business for a problem that it's not responsible for.","Well, what do you think of the problem?Because we read that protesters were chanting we want genuinely affordable housing and we want community. I realize it might be hard to keep that separate from the people that smeared stuff on your windows, but how do you feel about that?","I mean, I think that there is problems. There's problems of poverty in the area, and there's bad sides to gentrification, but there's also really great sides to gentrification. What we have done is we have moved into this area - the protests and gentrification in this area. If you wanted to protest gentrification in this area, you probably should've started about 15-20 years ago.","Have you ever had any conversations with any of your critics, your attackers, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"an attack on a small business\" is a metaphorical expression for a physical attack on the business, as opposed to a verbal attack or criticism."} +{"dialogue":["As the 2018 NFL season begins, professional football is still the most popular spectator sport in America. But it's declined 10 percent in viewership last year and is beset with tough questions about how the game destroys players while it earns billions of dollars and a continuing controversy over players demonstrating their social and political concerns during the national anthem. A sport once considered a source of national unity now inspires divisions.","Mark Leibovich, The New York Times Magazine correspondent who got the goods on official Washington, D. C. , in his bestselling \"This Town,\" has turned his attention to the National Football League - his new book, \"Big Game: The NFL In Dangerous Times. \"He's in our studios. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be here, Scott.","I have to ask you a hard news question first. An arbitrator ruled this week Colin Kaepernick's grievance against NFL owners could go to trial. He says NFL owners have been colluding to keep him out of the game. Does this case have what I'll call Mueller-like potential?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Professional football is still popular, but it has declined in viewership and raised concerns over players' safety and political protests."} +{"dialogue":["Do the doctors in these cases have any sort of ethical obligations with regards to the number of embryos?","I think they really do. Mega multiple births - seven, eight babies - are, as you pointed out, hugely risky, very dangerous to the mother. I don't know of any case where some of the children were not severely disabled as a result of prematurity or complications. The doctors have to try and do what they can to avoid it. And to be blunt, anybody who would transfer embryos - seven or eight embryos at a time - into a woman, I think, is basically close to malpractice.","And if you super-ovulated a woman using drugs, you've got to monitor that woman very, very closely. And if you see too many eggs, I think you need to advise them they better not have sexual relations or artificial insemination. They're going to make too many babies.","So if that took place, if the latter took place, what could they say to the mother and what they can legally do?I mean, isn't really up to the mother whether or not she carries these babies?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Transferring seven or eight embryos at a time into a woman is close to malpractice"} +{"dialogue":["Part of the problem is a shortage of funds. The other problem is here in Lebanon, the government has a very strict rule on refugee settlements - nothing permanent. So, the only thing that you can have is plastic and wood, and that means that families live on dirt floors. Now, aid workers have been working around the clock to deliver thermal blankets and extra food. But the snow closed off some of these mountain roads over the past few days, so many refugees are out of reach until this storm passes.","Let's go back to that seizure of a warehouse of supplies by Islamist rebels, 'cause that certainly seemed to change U. S. policy. How did that wind up changing Western policy?","Well, the seizure happened last Friday - details are a little hazy. But fighters from some of Syria's most powerful Islamist brigades took over this warehouse. There was more than a million dollars of U. S. -supplied equipment there. According to a U. S. State Department official, it included nine pickup trucks, four buses, office and communication equipment and 50,000 meals ready to eat - army rations. All of this was intended for the Western-backed Free Syrian Army under the command of General Salim Idris.","Does the fact that the rebels were able to take control of a supply storehouse suggest that this was a huge loss for the Free Syrian Army, which is even further set them back on their heels."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees."} +{"dialogue":["That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.","Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .","By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.","The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The ball that was thrown was caught and it could only have been a miracle due to how and when in the game it was thrown."} +{"dialogue":["For most of the dogs, we've probably gone from a ratio of 80% used to be trained on marijuana to now, we've reversed that to where only 20% have any marijuana training on them. So the limiting factor of now having a dog that is trained in marijuana - it is no longer utilized for a probable-cause warrant or sniff. It would probably be changing the role to just locating marijuana, whether it would be in a house or a car, after you've already established probable cause. So it's certainly limited the use of those dogs.","So my understanding is that before this, police dogs weren't trained to differentiate between types of drugs.","No. Now we're just going to go to most of the dogs will not have any marijuana training in them whatsoever. The primary purpose for most of the marijuana sniffs is now administrative - that will be through jails, schools and other types of locations that are federally funded and still illegal. The only thing this will do - it's going to hasten the retirement of those 20% or less that still are marijuana-trained in our state because of the fact that they're not able to utilize them for full functions.","Does this create conflict between state officers and federal law enforcement officers?Because obviously, on the federal level, marijuana is still illegal. And you obviously have federal law enforcement in your state. Is there any conflict there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : No dogs is trained in marijuana because it is a illegal."} +{"dialogue":["And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?","Well, people here are well-practiced. When we went into the basement on Saturday night with a tornado warning that hit near our home, our neighbors had their medication already prepared in plastic bags to take into the basement. But this has just been every day for nearly a month. And when you constantly have warnings coming through on your cell phone for floods and tornado watches and thunderstorms, it is hard to not just shut down.","Yeah. Today, of course, is a holiday, Memorial Day. But are schools on track, businesses on track for business as usual tomorrow?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : People in some communities refuse to evacuate despite being warned of floods and tornadoes."} +{"dialogue":["I really feel disappointed that a member of the House took the time to attack the people that are contributing to the campaign of President Trump, an attack that we are fueling or helping to fuel hate among Hispanics. In my office, half my personnel is Hispanic. I love Hispanic people. They're family-oriented. My wife - all of us got scared. I said people are going to come to attack us.","But you do know that this is public information.","Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.","President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are contributing to and\/or worsening hate among Hispanics because they are contributing to Trump's campaign, allowing him to continue doing so. Trump wouldn't be able to continue his devisive rhetoric if people didn't contribute to his campaign, so they are being blamed and attacked because of them."} +{"dialogue":["So, I mean, I think it does definitely set a dangerous precedent, but I think if you're online, realistically, you have to assume that there's a great deal of data being accumulated about everything you do and you have to assume that your privacy always could be jeopardized. I think, you know, that's - from a common sense standpoint, you had to assume this would happen sooner or later.","Just quickly, what should you do if so?","That's a good question. I mean, I don't think there's an easy answer to that. Just be very aware that everything you're doing could be documented. I mean, there's ways you can do things from some other IP address other than your own. I mean, I think - people think of it as something that only matters as far as people stealing copyrighted work, but there's many other ratifications. I mean, people all around the world use things like Google and YouTube, and there have been cases of government entities seeking to use data to go after political dissidents for what they're doing online. . .","All right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?","I think it's triggering our students who have already experienced trauma and secondary trauma, and they've seen things. And we've seen students go through all kinds of emotional reactions during drills - panic and sadness and grief and fear because during those drills, you really don't know what's happening.","Given your history, given what you do now, given how close you come to some of these terrible issues, issues that are often too terrible to contemplate - if there are any one, two or three things you can change or say need to be done right now, what would they be?","I think our schools are doing everything they possibly can to make the environment safe. And I think one of the things that needs to change is it is not a conversation just for our schools anymore. What's happening is our world and our society are now entering our schools. And so we need to address our world and our society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The emotional toll of safety drills on students is significant and needs to be addressed."} +{"dialogue":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez could have been prevented if he had been taken to the hospital"} +{"dialogue":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, just like I said, be careful what you wish for, because it may come true.","Yeah.","So now, with the explosion in great technology in genetics, we're getting a whole bunch of candidate genes. And then through other genetic studies and comparisons between groups around the world, we can see which ones seem to light up for multiple groups, although it can be different in different populations.","Yeah. There are some - how shall we say - unorthodox treatment ideas, are there not, like infesting patients with worms for treatment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There are unorthodox treatment ideas, such as infesting patients with worms, which may seem strange but have been found to be effective"} +{"dialogue":["And the story is conveyed through the eyes of this young woman, this farmer's wife, who discovers it, actually, in a - she's kind of in an awkward situation. She's going somewhere where she's not supposed to be, and she sees it and she's not allowed to tell anyone. But she feels it's her personal burning bush. She takes it as a warning to go back.","I wanted to write it initially through her eyes so that you, too, would not know what you are seeing. But later. . .","If SCIENCE FRIDAY didn't spoil it.","Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Climate change is hard to see because of how we perceive it."} +{"dialogue":["No, I didn't, actually. You know, I thought - you know, it was a possibility. We were kind of going into it blind, hoping we could - you know, my family and I, when I say we - we could get some money.","You know, a lot of people would look at you and say, you had such a promising future in football, possibly. You had a free ride to college and, you know, you gave that all up. Do you really feel like, you know, it was the right thing?","Yeah. You know, I think I would rather be - not to say that I couldn't get injured with anything else in life, because I can. I think living a life injury free is much better than not having to pay off student loans. But at the same time, being in pain and having trouble walking and maybe possibly knee and hip surgeries and things like that - and, you know, head injuries of course, with the memory - so I think I'd rather, you know, I'd rather be paying off student loans than having trouble getting down the stairs or something in the morning or, like, something like that.","And now you have equal offers for basketball or. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The family was taking a chance by investing in a potential financial opportunity without having any guarantee of success."} +{"dialogue":["I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know\u2026","Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.","And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about\u2026","That was danger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay."} +{"dialogue":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear."} +{"dialogue":["I don't know what you make of a recent letter some ICE special agents sent to Homeland Security Secretary Nielsen asking that the branch of ICE that deals with counterterrorism and drug trafficking, not deportations, be split off from the agency because of all the ill will.","Yeah. I have seen that. That was - that's an interesting consequence of another change that was made at the time that DHS was formed. In addition to splitting up the immigration entities, they also blended in the customs function. And so ICE is Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The same is true at the border. And that was a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out. The customs people think that they have these - you know, they've got a separate set of responsibilities that are impeded by the immigration function.","Former INS general counsel Bo Cooper, thanks so much for coming in and joining us, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"... because of all the ill will.\" This turn is an example of a figurative expression. \"Ill will\" is not a physical or tangible thing that can cause harm or injury; instead, it refers to negative feelings or intentions towards someone."} +{"dialogue":["Well, a firing range is where you find gun owners, and usually very responsible gun owners. And it was important for Gabby and I to reach out to like-minded folks like ourselves. I mean, we're both gun owners and we do it responsibly and try to get their opinions on how this affects them.","Now, you have been to Nevada and to Alaska and today we're speaking to you in New Hampshire. These are states whose senators voted against expanded background checks when the people in their state seem to approve of the idea of background checks. What is your message to those senators?","You know, Gabby and I understand the states of Arizona and Texas and their connection to firearms very well. It's important for us to understand other places, places like Nevada and Alaska, Ohio, North Dakota, here in New Hampshire - Maine also. And we'll go to North Carolina as well. So, it's not so much of sending a message to certain members of the Congress but it's really about reaching out to their constituents, so the next time I speak to those members you have a better sense of what their issues are and the things that they have to deal with.","So, what are you hearing from the like-minded people that you meet, people who like to hunt and shoot and own guns?Are you finding the kind of support you'd hope to find?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Gabby and I wanted to reach out to people who shared our beliefs about gun ownership and responsibility."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. In 1970, the big focus was on pollution. I mean, it was \"Silent Spring\" with - in 1962 that had triggered the evolution and formation of the modern environmental movement, and that was pollution-oriented. And, well, we've seen since then is a shift to focus on environmental support systems, like the natural systems, like the forests and grasslands and fisheries and so forth, and what's happening to them. And now, of course, climate change is on the issue, and water has become a major issue.","These were not on the agenda in 1970. At that time, it was largely a focus on pollution, and that was at the time when the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire because there was so much oil and other combustible material there. So it was pollution. Now, it's many things.","It was just a couple of months after that first Earth Day, Congress authorized the creation of the EPA, a federal agency that regulates environmental regulations. The EPA has, of course, become - gone from an agency created with great bipartisan support to one of the most partisan ideas in government.","Yeah. I think the - as I recall, the first head might have been Russell Train. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : not a physical head, like a head from a body, but the person in charge of something, the leader of something"} +{"dialogue":["Yes - beat me with a rifle - butt of a rifle.","Calvin Woods was also prosecuted for preaching against segregation. It was the law then.","I was speaking out against segregated buses. I was guilty of that and told them that they pay their money to sit down where there's a seat. And you don't have to get up, give anybody your seat unless that's what you want to do. So I was arrested, sentenced to six months hard labor and fined $500.","Calvin Woods and hundreds more in Birmingham were American heroes. But he says he'd like his children and his 60-some grandchildren to know it is always right to do right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Standing up for what is right even if it goes against the law."} +{"dialogue":["What options does the U. S. have?","Sanctions are a key part of maximum pressure campaign that the Trump administration has been advancing. And sanctions have never been as tough - tougher than now. They're broad. They target sectors. They try to cut off North Korea's efforts to earn hard currency to support their economy and their nuclear weapons program. And there is anecdotal evidence that the North Koreans are starting to feel the pinch. And I think the Olympic outreach is in part a sign of the fact that they're feeling the pinch of sanctions and that they saw outreach as a way to try to get South Korea to agree to loosen sanctions implementation or try to lure South Korea away from the maximum pressure campaign.","Jung Pak, a senior fellow at Brookings Institution Center for East Asia Policy Studies. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2): Sanctions are a key part of the Trump administration's strategy to increase pressure on North Korea. Sanctions are stronger than ever and are designed to limit North Korea's ability to earn money to support their economy and nuclear program. North Korea is beginning to feel the effects of these sanctions and is using outreach to try to ease the sanctions and lessen the pressure"} +{"dialogue":["That was the timeline that the president laid out today.","That's correct. Yeah. So it's a pretty tight time schedule in which they'll need to do a lot of development. I mean, there's nothing there. The area where they're going to develop the city is a protected forest. But there is not much infrastructure, apart from one highway that runs through it. So everything needs to be developed from scratch, which is going to be a massive challenge.","That is Erik Meijaard of the environmental consulting firm Borneo Futures. Erik Meijaard, thanks for talking to us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The development of the city will be very difficult due to the lack of infrastructure."} +{"dialogue":["The opposition and outrage over families seeking asylum being separated from their children at the border of the United States broke open this week. Laura Bush said, our government should not be in the business of warehousing children in converted box stores. President Trump did what he said he couldn't - sign an executive order to stop separations. But how long will that hold, and what will happen with those families who've already been separated?","Erika Pinheiro is an immigration lawyer with a group called Al Otro Lado, the other side. She joins us from Tijuana. Thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","Have you seen a case where parents have been reunited in the United States?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The government of the United States is treating families seeking asylum inhumanely."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.","Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.","It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.","That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again."} +{"dialogue":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The government in Iraq is a major positive outcome for the US."} +{"dialogue":["The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?","My understanding is that Ambassador Yovanovitch had been expected to stay on in her position through the end of the summer. And then suddenly in May, there was a torrent of criticism, including a tweet by the president's son, Don Jr. , calling her a joker and calling for her dismissal and a bunch of Fox News segments criticizing her. And then, lo and behold, she was called back, and the explanation was put out that this was as planned. But it was completely inconsistent with everything else we understood about her term and expected tenure in Ukraine. And the notion that this was done to coincide with a transition of power in Ukraine is very far from standard practice. That doesn't make any sense.","I can see your eyebrows raised from here about this whole story. And I guess what is the lesson that you think other State Department workers are taking from this?Is it the idea that you're vulnerable to attack from the president?Is it becoming a target of right-wing sites?Like, what is the thing that you think will have a chilling effect?","The core problem here, which Congress is appropriately focusing on in the impeachment hearings, are primarily about, is the president abusing his power and what looks like withholding military assistance to a vulnerable partner country in order to advance his political aims?So that's No. 1, and that's front and center."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : She was not abruptly forced to return with no reason given."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly. He's betting on this, and he's No. 1 in the polls.","I gather you were a protester in 2011. Do you believe these democratic elections are going to come closer to realizing the dreams that brought you into the protest movement?","I'm not thinking that these elections in 2019 will change anything major. But on the grand scheme of things, we're showing to the people in the Arab world that they can be free. We are writing this beautiful story of an Arab Muslim country that is able to sustain its democracy, that has a president that died. And after 48 days from his passing, we're having the elections being prepared, as the constitution mentioned. We didn't see a single boot (ph) in the street, no gunshots - nothing - no coups.","And we need the U. S. and other allies to just realize that whatever we're doing here is a blueprint for the region as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries."} +{"dialogue":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C. difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Fecal transplant may be an alternative strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, there's quite a few of them. I looked up a couple. There's one that's e-Cycle. com. The EPA also has a pretty good index for, you know, how to find these places. There's another one called ecyclingcentral. com, where you can look up local things. And I also advise people to talk to their, you know, local landfill or, you know, contact your carrier or the maker of your phone, because I truly believe that that's something that they could, you know, do better, is - at least make it easy when you're getting that new phone to drop off the old one so that it gets recycled or reused.","Or maybe, you know, even on the box where the phone comes in, it has a label already stuck on it for sticking it back in the mail.","Yeah. That would be a phenomenal idea.","Yeah. Well, we sometimes come up with an idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The phone box should have a label for recycling."} +{"dialogue":["This was during the Gilded Age, and this - you know, the original 1-percenters in this country. They wanted - especially Western Pennsylvania - I mean, steel moved this country. Steel helped build this country in the industrial age. And that steel was in Western Pennsylvania and throughout Pennsylvania - and the titans of steel and of coal and railroads. And they wanted a club that their compatriots had out West. And so they created the South Fork Hunt and Fish Club. And they wanted to be able to go out boating and fishing. And so they're in the Conemaugh Valley. They dammed up a river, created an earthen dam. But it was not well prepared. And the people were concerned about it. And they said this dam could fail. And if this dam fails, it would be catastrophic.","There was a lot of rain, wasn't there?","I mean, we talk about rain of biblical proportions. I mean, it was more than a foot of rain. But the problem was in the engineering of the dam. There was no way to - on a methodical basis - to be able to release water. The water just kept coming over the spillway and eroding the face of the dam, which was holding in all the rock and stone. And that gave way. Within 40 minutes, 20 million tons of water was emptied and heading down the Conemaugh Valley at about 40 to 50 miles per hour.","And as the water threatened to burst through - of course, in those days, no radio, no TV, no Twitter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : they mention detailed miles and tons of water"} +{"dialogue":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The situation of sick children at the border is worse than immigration officials claim"} +{"dialogue":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman. If you're listening to our program over the radio today, you have Nikola Tesla to thank. Many of the things we take for granted now - electricity, radar, X-ray technology - come from research done by Tesla about a hundred years ago. But even though he's been come - he's come to be known as the father of the electric age, Tesla died penniless and largely forgotten in 1943.","Skip ahead to present time and enter Matthew Inman, creator of the website The Oatmeal. You may have seen and laughed at his comics, and if you haven't, to get a flavor of them, go to our website at sciencefriday. com to see his one about Tesla. Inman partnered with a nonprofit called the Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe on a mission to raise money to buy Tesla's lab in Shoreham, New York, and turn it into a museum. And here's the amazing part: they did it. They raised over $1. 3 million from the public to fund a science museum. There's hope yet. Matthew Inman joins me from Atlanta. Welcome to the program and congratulations.","Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.","Who are these people that gave to your campaign?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Tesla's research contributed to modern inventions, but he died in poverty and obscurity."} +{"dialogue":["Take Darwin, for example. His theory of evolution by natural selection, the key to that theory, the way favorable traits are passed on, it's through genes. The only problem is Darwin did not understand genetics. In fact, his original idea of how inheritance worked would have been discredited. It would have discredited the whole process of evolution.","And it's just one of the fascinating stories in my next guest's book, \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein. \"Mario Livio is the author. He's also an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr. Livio.","Thank you for having me, Ira.","All these people made great mistakes."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Darwin's theory of evolution has flaws due to his lack of understanding of genetics."} +{"dialogue":["What the spoon is made of, of course, can change things because somebody else did some tests not that long ago with spoons made of different metals and found out that - what a lot of people believe - that different metal tastes different to your tongue - that for many people that's true. For some people, it's not so true. But they - these guys also played with things like what's the shape of the spoon?What's the color of the spoon?How heavy is it?All those things had some effect on people. The more interesting thing to me, at least today, is when people said the taste - that actually tasted different because of how it was served or what it was served in it. It was sweeter. It was saltier, whatever. You would think that couldn't change.","But it did. And one - I got about a few seconds here. But one of the more fascinating things, to me, from the study is that people were willing to pay almost 50 percent more for the same wine if it was served under a red light than if was under a white light.","Yeah, quite amazing, huh?And things served on different colored plates sometimes tasted sweeter to them.","Wow. Thank you, Marc. We'll see you again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The taste of food is influenced by various factors such as the material, shape, color and weight of the utensils."} +{"dialogue":[". . . you see the more segments you have, the more you can twist.","The more you can twist. So we have a bone difference. But the question that intrigued Philippe Gailloud and Fabian de Kok-Mercado was why don't owls get strokes?And Philippe Gailloud actually studies disease caused by artery damage. And so he knows first-hand that in humans, if you tried to turn your head like that, you would damage your blood vessel that would cause a clot and you might get a stroke. And beyond that, let's say that didn't happen, the other problem is that if you twisted your neck that much, your arteries, which bring blood to your brain, important, would be pinched off. So how to the owls get around this?And that's what these researchers looked into this week, and that's what the Video Pick of the Week is about.","Great. So why don't we see dead owls all over the place from turning their neck?","Correct. That's exactly what he said. Why are there not dead owls lying all over the forest for was the way that Dr. Gailloud puts it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : to put something in this context is to explain something"} +{"dialogue":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Hedging bets could result in supporting the losing side."} +{"dialogue":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : they are just acknowledging the person's response "} +{"dialogue":["Just quickly, what about men?","Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.","Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?","Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Men tend to focus only on outcomes, prefer win-lose scenarios and have commanding leadership style, unlike women who are more inclusive and interactive"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.","But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.","Well, Dr. Kokayi, great to talk to you.","I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.","Dr. Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Clinics and hospitals will have to integrate alternative medicine."} +{"dialogue":["How dependent is El Salvador on the money that comes in from Salvadorans living in the U. S. and who send it back home?","Remittances are one of the main economy stabilizers of this country. Almost a fifth of our GDP comes from those. So if you see, Scott, in the case of the TPS, when I say it doesn't even make sense for the United States, it's because you have - 90 percent of those that are under the TPS program have formal employment in the United States. They pay their taxes. They have bank loans in the United States to pay for their houses that they are buying. So these are exemplary immigrants, and now you're pushing them to become either illegal aliens or to come back to a country that they can't recognize anymore after two decades.","Carlos Dada of El Faro in San Salvador, thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Implies that the United States' decision to end Temporary Protection Status does not make sense because of the positive impact Salvadorans have had in the US. "} +{"dialogue":["And it's not just exhaustion, Ambassador. It's a belief on all sides that they cannot win on the battlefield.","Yeah. And I think that is beginning to dawn on people. There is this view that somehow if the U. S. launches air strikes on behalf of the rebels that this could somehow turn the tide. But I think if you're in the military and the Pentagon, you start looking at what exactly your target sets are going to be. You're going to see this as a pretty complex problem and then maybe air strikes are not going to solve it.","There's also the idea of a no-fly zone because the Assad forces have used air strikes on others. And there is no question that could have some impact on the ground, but none of these things are a sure bet. And the only sure bet is that they would - the first step in any of these things is an act of war, whether we like it or not.","And imposing a no-fly zone is an act of war. You mentioned some people who ought to be involved in this conversation. You did not mention a player with a major stake in Syria, and that's Iran."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The person thinks that the fact they can not win is beginning to be believed by people."} +{"dialogue":["NPR's Dina Temple-Raston has been following this story, and she's here now. Dina, scientists and legal experts, they're saying that the evidence against Ivins is really far from foolproof, that there is no smoking gun. What are they concerned about?","Well, a lot of the scientists who have looked at this say that they couldn't - that the FBI couldn't possibly have ruled out everyone who might have matched the anthrax vial or had access to the anthrax vial that they matched to Ivins. And this is basically, without getting too much into the science, this is because anthrax, all you have to do is grow more. So if you had some anthrax, conceivably, from this vial that they linked to Ivins, you could have grown your own source of more of that.","They also can't place him in Princeton, which is where the letters were mailed from, and he has this very distinctive, cramped handwriting that they couldn't match the handwriting on the envelopes. The FBI said it was similar, but there was nothing conclusive there. And there's this broader feeling that he couldn't have possibly accomplished all of this on his own. The plan was too elaborate and too technical for one person to do by themselves.","So what does the FBI say to all those questions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"cramped handwriting\" - This is a descriptive phrase that refers to handwriting that is very small, tight, and crowded together, making it difficult to read. It does not refer to handwriting that is physically cramped due to space constraints."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I think people are starting to back away from that a little bit because there are enough little pockets where you could get some ice accumulating every summer and not melting out because, basically, you have the wind that pushes that together and piles it up. So you have always have a few places where it's piled up. But on the other hand, that will be a fairly small part of the Arctic, quite a small bit. So it's not - so for practical purposes, the ocean will look ice-free, and the North Pole may be sort of in a large area of no ice at all. Occasionally, right now, there are cracks and there are openings that drift around. And so, sometimes, the North Pole itself is in an ice-free area.","Open water, yeah.","But it could be possible to be in a large area of open water in the coming decades. That's the expectation.","The other enormous area of a white, reflective surface is the ice cap that covers the island of Greenland, the biggest island in the world. And that this summer also had a really powerful melt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The ice cap on Greenland is melting rapidly"} +{"dialogue":["Many of the trees were completely defoliated. It's crunchy leaves. It's trees uprooted. You see the moss has all dried. So it's a shock to the system. And it takes many, many years - could be a century or two when we see full recovery of tree species on those areas.","What about all of the animal life?Could you tell how badly it was affected if things survived?","We saw some birds that had died. And then, days later, we were able to see some of the birds kind of flying around. They're very, very visual because they have these bright greens and colors that you can pick up from the brown background. And they are just scavenging for fruits right now.","We mentioned that Puerto Rico depends heavily on rainfall coming through El Yunque. How does the defoliation of all the trees there affect the water supply?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The birds were trying to find food in the aftermath of the destruction caused by the storm."} +{"dialogue":["Yes. I mean, the biggest actor in all of this has been the U. N. Refugee Agency. That's the UNHCR. But, you know, the reality is that these organizations can only do so much without international supports. The UNHCR has said that they need $46 million from the international community for their response to the Venezuelan crisis this year alone","Mr. Ramsey, just a few years ago, Venezuela was booming, wasn't it?","It was. You know, Venezuela has the largest oil reserves in the world. But due to a combination of falling oil prices, governmental mismanagement, you know, the situation has gotten extremely bad. There was a study that came out a couple months ago that found that over half of Venezuelans report losing weight in the last year with an average loss of 20 pounds. People are dying of treatable diseases because of a lack of medication.","Do any of the refugees talk about the political situation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Venezuela's situation is dire due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement."} +{"dialogue":["The program hasn't been very popular with the farmers. They would much prefer to just have more successful markets that they can go to rather than have to kind of accept government handouts.","President Trump tweeted earlier this year that with more than a hundred billion coming into the U. S. in tariffs, the U. S. would buy agricultural products from farmers, ship them to poor and starving countries in the form of humanitarian assistance. Has that happened?","No. They looked into a program along those lines but realized it was pretty infeasible. You know, there's problems with kind of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries because you can ruin their own agriculture sectors. So they decided to just do the more simple program, where you provide the direct payments to farmers. Now, the part that is right there is that the total amount being brought in by these could get to be $100 billion. I mean, at the current pace - it was 6 billion in June. That would work out to about 72 billion a year if it continues. And there's talk of adding even more tariffs on top of that. So you really could get to 100 billion being the number.","But at the end of the day, this has not turned into some kind of windfall for the U. S."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries."} +{"dialogue":["From what we can tell, they've donated from - I think it was over a hundred countries in terms of geography. It just sort of struck a nerve across the world.","Why do you think that is?","I think a big part of it was that Tesla as a man is sort of someone that a lot of people, maybe, sympathized with because he's kind of a geek at heart. He's sort of this unsung hero, and he did all of these wonderful things for us and didn't really get much credit during his career. So with this sort of crowd funding campaign, it was almost an opportunity for the world to make it up to him.","What drew you to getting involved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign"} +{"dialogue":["So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.","It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases.","Oh absolutely yeah. Some of the people I spent time with, I document, I describe, I tell stories of their field work. I went with some of them to places like a rooftop in Bangladesh in the middle of the night, the roof of a warehouse where a wonderful scientist named Jon Epstein who works for EcoHealth Alliance, was trapping, again, giant fruit bats to look for a disease, a virus called Nipah.","Now this is not the same NEPA that your previous guest referred to, not the National Environmental Policy Act. This is N-I-P-A-H, named after a village in peninsular Malaysia where this virus was first identified. So Jon Epstein is on the roof of a warehouse in Bangladesh in the middle of the night wearing goggles and welder's gloves and a respirator mask, handling these giant fruit bats that he's catching in a mist net, taking them into a provisional lab, drawing blood samples from them, knowing that the virus is probably there somewhere and that it's a very lethal virus."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The virus Nipah is lethal and can be transmitted from fruit bats to humans."} +{"dialogue":["Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?","The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.","That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil."} +{"dialogue":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : I'm thankful that I'm not in financial trouble."} +{"dialogue":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : President Trump avoids tipping his hand and is critical of previous administrations for declaring departure dates."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The family in question has shown exceptional bravery and commitment to activism."} +{"dialogue":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : People in the DRC are not trusting the response to the Ebola outbreak and need to start bringing suspected cases into clinics for treatment"} +{"dialogue":["U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.","So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There are broader definitions of unemployment beyond U3."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I want to understand it as my friend, Fanon, as my idol, Fanon. I want to understand it, and it is quite complicated, but in another way it's quite simple.","And when I say race, I should stipulate. I don't mean simply black and white. By race, I mean any idea or notion that divides human beings into more than one kind. And then the next step of race and racism and racialized thinking is to figure out a scheme through which or by which because of this difference, manufactured difference, one group or another can take advantage of other groups.","So it sits over our shoulder, and it's part of what's the motivation for our going into Iraq. It's keeping young black men in prison in a totally disproportionate way. It's the cause of abuse against women. Race is a villain, and I wish I could wave a magic wand, but I can't. It's too deeply embedded in our nature.","You mentioned how race is linked to, among many other things, the prison system. And you've had, I'm sure, much too much experience with it, more than you'd like with both your brother and your son incarcerated.","You have sections in your book where your brother is - you and your brother are talking about the nature of hope and whether hope can be debilitating in the context of being someone who's incarcerated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Race refers to any idea that divides human beings into more than one kind"} +{"dialogue":["And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?","Well, people here are well-practiced. When we went into the basement on Saturday night with a tornado warning that hit near our home, our neighbors had their medication already prepared in plastic bags to take into the basement. But this has just been every day for nearly a month. And when you constantly have warnings coming through on your cell phone for floods and tornado watches and thunderstorms, it is hard to not just shut down.","Yeah. Today, of course, is a holiday, Memorial Day. But are schools on track, businesses on track for business as usual tomorrow?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The constant weather warnings are taking an emotional toll on people."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you, Sacha. It's good to be here.","So I assume that the past few days have been an emotional roller coaster for Sudan. It finally ousted its leader, but then another autocrat took his place. And that spurred more protests. And suddenly, that person was also gone. How are you feeling now?","Yeah. I mean, it's definitely been - it feels a lot longer than a week, for sure. And you know, we've kind of been dealing with just so many emotions. And you know, I've been feeling very hopeful and then suddenly somewhat doubtful. And then, you know, it's back to just being, you know, persistent and making sure that everything that's happened so far is not lost.","And yeah, I mean, it's definitely been a very emotionally charged, you know, few months and especially just the last week. I mean, I think now morales are high. I think people are still, you know, just sort of keeping their eye on their prize of a full democratic transition to a civilian-led government and not a military-led government.","When the defense minister stepped in, was that viewed as a coup - and not in a good way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : people are still, keeping their eye on their prize of a full democratic transition to a civilian-led government and not a military-led government. So when the defense minister stepped in it was viewed as a cop."} +{"dialogue":["So you had the U. K. negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S. did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S. deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The countries formed their own blocs due to military and strategic considerations, not just trade."} +{"dialogue":["And I finished my first really substantial version of \"Copperhead\" the same weekend as the Charlottesville protests almost two years ago, the same weekend that Heather Heyer was murdered. And my wife was reading this draft of \"Copperhead\" at the same time that all this was on the news, so it was very much on my mind.","I mean, my family history - you know, I look back, and I think, OK, this has always been coming. But right now, it feels louder. It feels scarier. But I struggle with the idea that if we somehow hate more, hate louder, hate harder - that's how we're going to win this fight. I think the only thing that can beat away darkness is light. But at the same time, one of the reasons I think this book is important is that we have to have honest conversations about race and class - all of us.","Did you have teenagers in mind as a potential audience for this novel?Would you, for instance, want a high school English class to study \"Copperhead?\"","When I was writing it, I didn't think of it that way. But I think it's an excellent book for teenagers and college students because there are things to talk about. The point of the book isn't to deliver a moral. It's not out there sort of signaling that, yes, we're all good people. It's saying to teens, hey - your actions have consequences, and you have to think about who you want to be."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : .I think the only thing that can overcome negative is positive"} +{"dialogue":["You know, it's the - there's not formal groups that kind of, you know, identify themselves. They don't have a problem with some other towns in the South where there's like, you know, revived Klan groups and such. I'm aware of the SPLC's research and such. But it's more - I think it's less formal than that but it's probably no less prevalent.","One of the things I'd like to ask you, because you're a person who has been writing about this and the photographs have been printed and seen around the country - the role of the media in covering this, does it make it better, does it make it worst?","Well, I think that really depends on, you know, literally what skin you're in, you know?A lot of the - many of the black folks in that town are very happy to see outside attention brought, they hoped that that scrutiny is going to force some changes down there. But by the same token many of the white folks are just outraged and they think that, you know, this is outsiders meddling in their affairs and they ought to just get their nose out of their business. There was the local Methodist preacher the last time I was there a month ago who told me that I was no better than a Christ killer but you know, you just kind of have to have thick skin.","Howard, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The white people in the town are not happy about outsiders paying attention to their affairs"} +{"dialogue":["The law now differs whether the gun being purchased is a handgun or what is broadly defined as a long gun. So the law is that if it's a handgun, you need to be 21. But long guns - rifles, shotguns and assault-style rifles included - that's 18. And after Parkland, where the perpetrator was 19 and legally purchased an assault-style rifle, there has been a call to raise that minimum age for assault-style rifles and all long guns.","What about arming teachers?What changes to the law would be required?","That gets complex. We do have the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which was signed with the first President Bush. But it allows for some discretion at the state and local level. And some states allow individual districts to set their own policies. And so we at The Trace of reported on districts in Ohio that allow certain designated teachers and other school staff members to access guns. Texas is another state where that happens. So, in fact, there are some states where there are guns in schools accessible to some teachers and staff members.","Have there been gun laws that have been rolled back by the Trump administration?","The big picture under Trump is that not much has changed, which is interesting because Trump had such strong backing from the National Rifle Association. And they have two big priorities. One is something called concealed carry reciprocity. And the upshot is that if you have a license to carry a concealed gun in your home state, every other state would have to honor that license and vice versa. That does pass the House in December - not taken up by the Senate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The legal age for purchasing handguns and long guns is different, with handguns requiring a higher age limit."} +{"dialogue":["So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.","And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.","You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .","Yeah.","Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The new administration has made efforts to increase transparency and accessibility through their website.2. The new administration has made technological advancements in the White House infrastructure and staff."} +{"dialogue":["So it was a very protracted civil war, but during the 17-month period that Rios Montt was the leader of the country, the scorched earth campaign that he presided over was the, by far, the most violent period in this protracted civil war. The United Nations, it was instrumental in establishing a truth commission for the country in the late 1960s after the civil war ended. And it was chaired by a German - a law professor.","And it found that there were acts of genocide against the Ixil Mayans during this period that the trial covered. And so its findings confirmed after extensive research that, again, as you said, there was a very protracted civil war, but this period was, by far, the period of most staggering violence.","And that commission, I believe, found that of the 200,000 people who were killed over the course of the whole civil war, I believe they found that 83 percent were Mayans. And that was the foundation for their finding that acts of genocide were committed.","And as I understand it, in the cities of Guatemala (unintelligible) there were many individuals who were targeted, identified as labor leaders or insurgents, one way or another, and murdered or disappeared. In the countryside it was indiscriminate. Everybody was a target."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The civil war had good parts and bad parts. He lead the country and destroyed as much of it as possible."} +{"dialogue":["The European ambassador was musing about a possible project used as old British plantation - very impressive - deep in the mountains of Central Africa. You know, in Southern Sudan, you get up at these pretty big mountains, 7 - 10,000 feet and, oh, beautiful plantation of perfectly straight trees that have been growing for 60 years, untouched. So the investors say, well, we've helped them, you know, get a project going to make timber out of a few of these and open a road and then they can use the money to get more tools, and then they'll use that to get a little cottage system going for eco-tourists. And it could happen.","It could happen, but you also point out the same roads can be use by the poachers?","Yes. There is that threat. Most people in South Sudan really don't know what poaching is. This is how they've lived for centuries. It's a rural society so they rightly view it as their way of their way of survival, but does sweep the forest clean of animals. I'll say the only animals I saw in the forest were dead.","Though you did ran into a wild boar."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Poaching is a major problem and is wiping out the forest's animal population."} +{"dialogue":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman. If you're listening to our program over the radio today, you have Nikola Tesla to thank. Many of the things we take for granted now - electricity, radar, X-ray technology - come from research done by Tesla about a hundred years ago. But even though he's been come - he's come to be known as the father of the electric age, Tesla died penniless and largely forgotten in 1943.","Skip ahead to present time and enter Matthew Inman, creator of the website The Oatmeal. You may have seen and laughed at his comics, and if you haven't, to get a flavor of them, go to our website at sciencefriday. com to see his one about Tesla. Inman partnered with a nonprofit called the Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe on a mission to raise money to buy Tesla's lab in Shoreham, New York, and turn it into a museum. And here's the amazing part: they did it. They raised over $1. 3 million from the public to fund a science museum. There's hope yet. Matthew Inman joins me from Atlanta. Welcome to the program and congratulations.","Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.","Who are these people that gave to your campaign?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Matthew Inman partnered with a nonprofit to raise money to turn Tesla's lab into a museum, and they succeeded."} +{"dialogue":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market."} +{"dialogue":["Actually, you know, the property itself is a mess. It's been broken into by, like, vandals, and it looks like the inside of the Titanic. But I was talking to someone a few days ago, actually, who was saying that when they originally - the new - after Tesla lost the land, a film company came in and took it over and was working there, producing film for like 40 years. And a lot of Tesla's old equipment was still there. So what they actually ended up doing with a lot of it was just burying it. So there's actually some people think that some of his old stuff is still underneath there, including - there's a room and he built some sort of underground resonance chamber. I don't know what that means; it sounds impressive. But it might still be down there like this giant, big, crazy Tesla room. So, you know, I don't. . .","That would be exciting.","That would be cool to dig out stuff, but I don't know if it's there or not. But it still kind of gives the property a bit of, I don't know, bit of magic.","So what's the plan for the property?I mean, you guys raised enough money to build it, I think with a grant from New York State too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Exciting possibility that there might be Tesla's old equipment buried."} +{"dialogue":["Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?","Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr. President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.","So the public didn't know about it at that point.","The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Clinton presidency had a scandal similar to the current one"} +{"dialogue":["And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.","But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.","Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.","Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The accretion theory is interesting and exciting but may not be entirely accurate."} +{"dialogue":["Fans of \"Judge Parker,\" a serial created in 1952 that follows the life of small-town judge Alan Parker and his family, will have noticed that Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn. He is in prison and, as of the last strip, recovering from a brutal beating at the hands of other inmates when they found out that he was a judge. It's the latest twist in a plot that's turned the comic strip into a platform for educating readers about the troubling realities of prison life. It's a lot to take on in a few illustrated panels, so we've called up the writer of \"Judge Parker,\" Francesco Marciuliano. He took over the strip in 2016, and he's also the writer of \"Sally Forth,\" another popular syndicated comic.","Francesco Marciuliano, thanks so much for joining us.","Oh, thank you very much.","So we've spoken to you before. And I'm not going to get into all the details about why Judge Parker is in prison because it's a little crazy. But I'm just going to kind of summarize to say that he was, in a way, trapped. He thought he was doing the right thing, and this is what happened. And I just have to ask - you know, where did this come from?Where did you get the idea to follow this storyline?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn due to his imprisonment, making the comic strip a platform to educate readers about prison life"} +{"dialogue":["I think what to look at closely is oil, and oil here on the island. Cuba has - is not able to meet its own energy demands by itself and has become very dependent for the last 20 years on Venezuela's cheap oil that they're sending to Cuba. What they've done is made an exchange where Cuba gets the oil that it needs, and then Cuba sends doctors and professionals to Venezuela. And that has been severely hurt by the economic crisis in Venezuela right now. And you see that in there's gas rationing right now, and the Cuban government trying to get as much as they can in dollars and foreign currency.","One thing that they've done - you know those classic U. S. , American cars that are still here on the island?Well, those taxi drivers are feeling the pinch of the gas shortages and the oil situation right now. They have to pay very high licenses. This is new only in the last couple months. And they have gas rationing cards that they can only buy a certain amount of gasoline every month.","And Raul Castro has actually come out and warned that hard, austere times are coming. Are Cubans concerned about what they might be facing?","Definitely. And you hear that a lot."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The pinch is not physical but just a tightening of finances due to the situation."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it's still very present. I don't think it's still very accurate. I think what this proves is that 5 billion songs is $5 billion, and so they are still saying that global music sales have dropped 8percent to about 19. 4 billion, according to the phonographic industry.","So they are seeing some sales still decline, but you're seeing digital music rise, so I think these music labels are needed to get with the program and get over this fear of piracy, and - and look at this say, you know what?Five billion songs, that's a lot of music that anyone could be buying. I mean, that's just - you know, at the end of the day, that's a lot of music to be purchased.","Mario, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","Mario Armstrong is News & Notes regular technology contributor, and he joined us from the studios of the Baltimore Sun."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Digital music sales are increasing, music labels need to adapt to the changing market."} +{"dialogue":["And the president called federal efforts to assist Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria an unsung success. But, of course, as we know, 3,000 people died. And then, the president said that his critics had just cooked up that number. And that - we have to say it - that's just not true.","That's right. Now a lot of those deaths did not take place directly during the storm. Rather, they took place indirectly during the painfully slow recovery. Remember, it was only last month that electricity was finally restored throughout the island. So if this is a success, Trump is in a very lonely chorus singing about it.","In Florida, some of the president's fellow Republicans tried to distance themselves from Trump's comments. Candidates like Rick Scott and Ron DeSantis - they know that downplaying the scale of that disaster is not the way to make friends in Florida. A lot of Puerto Rican transplants have relocated to that state, and many of them will be voting in November.","And turning to the political news of the week, which is important. The president's former campaign chairman Paul Manafort pleaded guilty yesterday to felony conspiracy charges and agreed to cooperate with Robert Mueller's investigation. Do sources in the White House believe Paul Manafort has a lot to dish about on Donald Trump and\/or the Trump campaign?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The president's claim of success in assisting Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria is false."} +{"dialogue":["Right, right. Yeah, I mean, that's the obvious question to ask, and we're not really sure. I mean, the biggest difference is that it's not producing these radio jets at the rate it should be. So typically the central galaxy in a cluster is shooting out these really bright jets that you can see from here in the radio. But this one is giving off - instead of radio, it's giving off a lot of gamma ray and X-ray, and so it seems to be almost confused about what type of black hole it is. It's giving off sort of quasar-like emission rather than this sort of more quiet, more gentle emission.","Hmm, who am I, asks the black hole?","(Unintelligible). How is this cluster discovered?","So it was initially discovered a few years ago by the South Pole Telescope, which is a telescope that's essentially built to find these really massive clusters. And so it looks at light from the Big Bang, which is a background radiation; it looks for shadows in that light. And these clusters are so massive that they're going to cast a shadow in this background radiation. And so that's how this cluster was first found."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The black hole seems confused about its identity."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I'm not sure I can say what is enough. I do know that the Census Bureau has a unique feature to its budget in that it goes up and down in a 10-year cycle. And about this time every decade, this is an issue as the ramp up begins.","So you need to spend more the closer you get to actually counting people?","Absolutely. In the 2010 census that I was involved in, at one point, there were 600,000 employees of the Census Bureau knocking on doors around the country to follow up those who didn't respond on their own.","Well, what would the risks be of a census that is not done well?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The closer it gets to the census, more money needs to be spent"} +{"dialogue":["My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?","Well, currently, it's been blue day. I mean, we've had some bands of rain come through from time to time, but it's a nice day. The water is calm. It's clouding up a little bit.","Do you have any guests at the resort at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The weather is not actually blue, but it's a nice day overall"} +{"dialogue":["All right. Let's run through two of the main issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Briefly. One is Carter Page, the former Trump campaign aide. The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier.","Yeah. I mean, I think - look, I think that everyone agrees that that's sort of part of what's going on here. Carter Page had long had contacts with Russian intelligence officers, apparently unwitting to him. At one point, it appears he may have been working with the FBI to talk about those folks. And so that has now come out. And it's pretty clear. We've known this for a while, though. These are facts that we've known or at least we've heard rumors of."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier"} +{"dialogue":["How do we explain what happened here?","Well, this all started about 8 o'clock Pacific Time last night when this man, who, as you said, was believed to be an airline employee, stole a Horizon Airlines Q400 turboprop plane. This is a small, 80-passenger aircraft used for regional hops. He managed to take off from Sea-Tac Airport - a major airport. And he stayed airborne for about the next 60 to 90 minutes. During this time, North American Aerospace Defense Command, also known as NORAD, launched those two F-15 fighter jets from Portland, Ore. , to intercept the plane. As you heard, the man was in contact with air traffic control. They were trying to get him to land. And then just after 9 o'clock local time, the plane crashed on that small island, caught fire. NORAD says the F-15s did not fire upon the aircraft. And the man is presumed dead.","What do we know about him?","Not much. Alaska Airlines, the parent airline to Horizon Air, put out a statement saying it believes this man was a ground service agent employed by Horizon. They say that he took the plane from a maintenance position, which means that this was not a plane scheduled last night for passenger service. We don't know what motivated him to take the plane and do this. But during those communications with air traffic control, he did describe himself - and I'm quoting here - as \"a broken guy with a few screws loose. \"Those are his words."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The man who stole the plane had mental health issues."} +{"dialogue":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The president's decision to meet with Kanye West during a hurricane was inappropriate"} +{"dialogue":["Even bigger than a football field, you know. And we would walk our way across it and everybody who needed to observe this, the staffs, other commanders of supporting elements, fighter squadron commanders, bomber squadron commanders, helicopter commanders, they'd all be gathered around on the sand dunes around watching as we walked our way through it. And we did this repeatedly.","Did anybody in your experience rehearse what would happen after you closed in on Baghdad?","Yes, as a matter of fact, my boss at Camp Pendleton during a war game that we had in June of 2002. And on the first day of the war game - this is really about how does a battle unfold?We were looking at Iraq, of course. And he said - he pulled out the entire planning staff that usually is playing the next day or the next week's fight. And he said, you're going to concentrate on the post-combat phase. He said, I'm not getting enough guidance on it. I want to know what we're going to do when the fighting is done.","Although I get the impression from your book and from having covered the war in Iraq as a journalist that the United States reached a point where there had been no plan, where people had not rehearsed it a thousand times, where on a very high level it was not clear at all what the United States wanted to do in Iraq and how the United States wanted to achieve it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The lack of planning for the post-war phase in Iraq despite previous war games."} +{"dialogue":["U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.","So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The U6 measure of unemployment is higher than the commonly understood unemployment rate."} +{"dialogue":["Good to be here, Neal.","Weren't we supposed to get this thing right after 9\/11, particularly the interagency communication part?","We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Interagency communication is not improved to be better than before 9\/11."} +{"dialogue":["No, he has not. And. . .","How are you going to get him to do it?","Well, I'm not worried about process. We expect to be able to get all the information we want. It'll be sooner or later. I hope it'll be sooner, not later. But I can guarantee you one of the things that we can guarantee is we're not going to sit idly by and allow this kind of obstruction.","If everything goes the way you would like it to unfold in the House - if the president is impeached and then Republicans in the Senate protect him, does that end up playing right into the White House's hands?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They are not going to do nothing while the obstruction is going on."} +{"dialogue":["Everyone has to be themself. In West Virginia, you can't just transform yourself. You can't be something you're not. You know, West Virginia, we'll shake your hand, look in your eye. We'll see your soul. We know if you're fooling us or not. Forget about having a D or an R by your name. They're thinking, oh, now, just because you're Republican, you're going to win. People in West Virginia still vote for the person. So they still know I'm still Joe. I've been Joe from day one. I was born Joe. And I'll die Joe.","One of the things that we've seen, specifically in red states where Democrats have done well, is that they haven't spoken about the president. They've distance themselves from discussing President Trump. I mean, your state is a state that Trump won by more than 65 percent. I mean, will you be discussing the president?","Let me say this - in 2012, Mitt Romney beat Barack Obama by 35 percentage points in West Virginia. I won by over 20 percent. That's a 55, 60-percent swing. So, people in West Virginia will pick the person.","So no discussing the president?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They see a person's personality and the deepest part of their character."} +{"dialogue":["Not a bad thing. Oh, yes. But my favorite apple that's in the book - that's mentioned in the book - is called the Pitmaston Pineapple. And it tastes of nuts and honey, but it also has a kind of pineapple finish - faint taste of pineapple at the end. And - but I love them so much that I have planted my own Pitmaston Pineapple tree. And in a couple years, I'm really hoping it bears fruit.","Tracy Chevalier's new novel is \"At The Edge Of The Orchard. \"","Tracy Chevalier, it's good to talk to you. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The narrator has a strong appreciation for the Pitmaston Pineapple, as they have made the effort to plant their own tree to experience the taste of it."} +{"dialogue":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Larry didn't just show up as a predator and hurt as many people as he did. "} +{"dialogue":["There had to be an innovation. Yeah, John Graham was actually building a revolving bar in Honolulu, and they thought, well, let's since they had - Graham wanted a flying saucer shape. And, of course, Washington state had kicked off the whole flying saucer craze with the sighting at Mt. Rainier in 1947 that the press had called flying saucer. But it became this kind of iconic idea of what the future would look like. Well, because it was this circular shape, a revolving restaurant made sense. Graham patented a gearing system that allowed you to turn the entire restaurant of 250 people with a one-horsepower motor.","Wow.","And that was built up in Everett, Washington, just north of Seattle.","With a size that drives a washing machine. It's very small."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The flying saucer shape is the common shape of how alien space ships were depicted."} +{"dialogue":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong."} +{"dialogue":["And you'll vote again, yes, today.","I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.","There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.","We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Passing this bill may not be enough to improve the credit market."} +{"dialogue":["Nuns are also speaking out. We're joined in our studio now by Sister Simone Campbell, who was part of the ministry of the Sisters of Social Service and executive director of NETWORK, a Catholic social justice group. Sister Simone, thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be with you.","I have to ask - how do you feel this week about the church to which you've devoted your life?","Well, I have to say over the last few weeks, it's been really shocking and horrifying, and I have felt myself close to weeping at times. This week, I took a little solace in the letter from Pope Francis to the world saying - acknowledging the extent of the horror that has existed and a commitment to change. And I take heart in these remarks in Ireland as his very first statements that it is included because there was a worry he would not include this in his very first statements. So what this says to me is that the Vatican is beginning to get it in all its departments that this is not just those concerned with clergy, but the whole church needs to be changed. And I think that's what we're beginning to see."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Vatican is beginning to take action to change the church"} +{"dialogue":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?\" is not actually asking for information about whether the release date was significant or not. The interviewer is using this as a prompt to ask the author about the inspiration behind the book collections."} +{"dialogue":["There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?","What we are looking at are states that have had sales - state sales tax holidays. As you may know, there are 17 states plus the District of Columbia that currently have sales tax holidays during the year. And the experience of our retail members with those holidays is that they're very attractive to people. They really do bring people into the stores. It's an exciting time.","You can say, well gee, if the average state sales tax is five, six percent, why would that drive consumers to come into the stores more than a sale advertised at 15 or 20 percent. And it's an interesting psychological phenomenon, but it does seem to drive more traffic. It may be because people just don't like to pay taxes, and they're very excited when there's a period where they won't have to pay taxes to the government.","Rachelle Bernstein is with the National Retail Federation. Thank you, Rachelle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is being implied that consumer behaviour is not obvious."} +{"dialogue":["Which tells us?","Well, it's 6:30 on a Sunday night. Most of the House members are usually watching \"Sunday Night Football. \"I would not be able to tell you when I last saw the House come into session on a Sunday night. Under any circumstances, they don't meet on Sunday. It's happened, but I can't tell you when it happened last. So this is an extraordinary, unusual circumstance. So that would tend to suggest that somewhere during the day, Speaker Boehner, John Boehner, the leader of the Republicans in the House, where they are the majority, got it in his head that there was going to be something to talk about on Sunday night, whereas there wasn't as of this morning. So perhaps there's something going on. Perhaps the president does have something to talk about with the Senate Republicans. Perhaps it would be something the Senate Republicans could accept and therefore agree not to filibuster. This is crucial.","Right.","If they filibuster, we lose three days, so they have to agree. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : filibuster refers to delaying and procrastinating by pretext"} +{"dialogue":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Leaving the country is not a viable option for many Iranians due to travel limitations and economic difficulties."} +{"dialogue":["I think that they're at peace with it now. And we're at peace with each other. But that took - you know, that took a lot of time.","So we've already talked a bit about how the cello is this character in your life. And I want to talk about how it functions throughout this album. Let's listen to the song \"Poor Fake. \"","(Singing) Don't matter where you are, it'll catch right up to you. You can try to resist the feeling, set the canvas in my blues.","So cello, you know, it isn't an instrument I think of playing a huge role in pop songs. But it does play a huge role in this song and throughout other songs on the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The cello plays an important role in the album despite not being a typical instrument in pop music."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","It's a little more controversial in the Senate race because it looks like bad ballot design might've cost Bill Nelson mightily because Broward County. . .","Yeah.",". . . Is a very Democratic county. And they had a tremendous number of undervotes - that is, no one voting in the Senate race - because it appears that a good number of people, perhaps as many as 20,000, might have missed the Senate race because it was in the lower left-hand corner right under the instructions. And if you look at the Senate race compared to all the other races, it got fewer votes in Broward County, even compared to. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Senate race was controversial due to bad ballot design."} +{"dialogue":["And it might take you until next summer to finish \"Wolf Hall,\" to be ready.","So this is - I want to correct the misapprehension that this is a hard book to read. This is a - like, a - certainly a long piece of psychologically realistic fiction. But you - from the minute you meet Thomas Cromwell, you really are going to be sucked in. And if - if you are a \"Game Of Thrones\" watcher who is interested in how power corrupts, how an intensely human, brilliant person can, you know, become the kind of person that maybe dragon fires a whole village or - I don't know - takes down the Catholic Church and murders a queen, then, you know, \"Wolf Hall\" is for you. Plus, you then will have the benefit of being right on time in March, when the third one comes out.","What about for your friend, the - the I-don't-do-fiction reader, the reader that wants to read. . .","I don't know any of those people. (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The person does know people like that including himself and is joking."} +{"dialogue":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : My relatives brought the feeling of Jackson, Mississippi to Indianapolis."} +{"dialogue":["See how he do his mom?","Ms. O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.","I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.","So what did you learn from talking to her?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : I am working harder now than I used to, sometimes until late at night"} +{"dialogue":["The body of Lucille sits in the body of Thelma. Her life circled there in the lap of her mother, who wore 12 fingers just as she wore 12, just as the baby inside of her as she sat in the body of Thelma wore 12.","Lucille there in the middle, lived her light-filled life, never losing her daughter seat, dying on the very day Miss Thelma died. All the daughters and sons, who long left the movies, all the poets black, who sought their lives only ordinary, recount their long calla lily fingers every day, wring their jewels into jewels hands, circling the unbroken light-filled two-headed body of the woman who keeps keeping us.","\"The Ordinary Body of Lucille\" by Nikky Finney, our guest. I have to ask you, jewels into jewels. That line is in italic.","Hmm. Yes. That's a line from Ms. Clifton's poem. And it's - I just - I love it so much. It's one of - a thousand favorite phrases of hers."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Her mother's arms are around her as she sits in her lap."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.","How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?","It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .","They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is not yet known how the sanctions will be received"} +{"dialogue":["Well, prior to me going to medical school, I was actually a vegetarian. I was a martial artist. And I got exposed to concepts of diet and nutrition as it impacted health, and I got exposed to concepts of energy with respect to martial arts practice. And I really didn't see any of that in my medical school experience. Along with that, I had a just really open-ended approach to looking at medicine.","Being an African-American, I was not one of the good old boys in medical school. So you can either try hard to be a part of that club, or you can say to yourself, well, gosh, maybe there's some other things that can actually be explored. So Chinese medicine - I've explored that. I explored classical homeopathy. I explored nutrition. I explored other, particularly African cultural arts. And out of that, it just opened a whole worldview to me.","Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.","At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Prior to medical school, I gained knowledge of diet and nutrition through martial arts and vegetarianism, which was lacking in my medical education."} +{"dialogue":["It's been busy, definitely your traditional day after Thanksgiving where the phone starts ringing earlier in the day, and it just keeps on ringing. We're going to have a lot of people. They're going to have a lot of company over from yesterday and a lot of the people trying to be helpful in the kitchen, and they're going to put those potato peels down the drain and carrot peels and all the stuff that normally wouldn't go down the kitchen sink drain.","Kevin, I've been one of those people before, a few years back. I actually had a busted kitchen sink on Thanksgiving Day, and I couldn't find anyone open that day. By the next day, I was in a panic. Do you get the panicked calls the day after?","Oh, yeah. Yeah, definitely. You know, people, they're going to find out that a lot of the plumbers have not opened and that maybe their regular plumber that they call always is not going to answer their phone or say that they'll get right back to them. They get a voice machine or something.","Because you can capitalize on people's need the day after Thanksgiving, do you charge any more today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The amount of people who will be calling Kevin for plumbing help is likely to be significant due to the increased activity in the kitchen on the day after Thanksgiving."} +{"dialogue":["That food has made this humble eatery among the best restaurants in the city, topping the lists of every Houston publication and more recently, after a visit from Anthony Bourdain in 2016, the country.","We'll let you choose what we eat.","OK, wonderful. Thank you.","Creamy chai is set on the table - then vegetable fritters and spicy samosas."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"among the best\" represent there are other restaurants in the city that are considered to be the best."} +{"dialogue":["Well, that might be true. But I just think to put someone on a list for leering - to put that word on a list as an accusation is a pretty strong statement. This is a list being circulated in the business. This is a list meant to affect people's reputations and their careers. Another thing was something like leading multiple women on online was one of the charges on that list. And you know, that's a pretty common thing. And I would say leering's a pretty common thing. So do we really want to put that in writing and like besmirch somebody's reputation over something like that?I don't know.","But should it be a pretty common thing?","Well, these are sort of sleazy behaviors. And maybe they should not. But I'm just not sure these are criminal acts. And I suppose what I want to do is kind of separate what's a real abuse of power or a criminal act from what is kind of like everyday sleazy behavior that we wish wouldn't happen. I mean, we wish it wouldn't happen. But do we want people to lose their jobs over it?","In this article, you write at length about about Lorin Stein, who was until a few weeks ago the editor of Paris Review, who has acknowledged behavior he says he regrets. And you point out the fact that he has has nurtured and supported the careers of many successful women writers. Does one justify the other?Can you expect to get exonerated on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Distinguishing between criminal acts and sleazy behavior, and whether people should lose their jobs over it."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Impeachment is not a viable solution and there are other pressing issues to address."} +{"dialogue":["Sure. So back in 1986, we were releasing a little over 300,000 cubic feet per second. And I know that's a number that's tough to sort of comprehend. So I think the best way it was explained to me - and this is - I kind of like this analogy - is picture 300,000 basketballs going through the dam every second. And so back then, it was 307,000 basketballs, if you will. And now we're doing 275,000.","So - but you're right. We've had this load on the levees for four or five days now, so it's a much longer exposure. And back in 1986, they did experience a breach of the levee at one particular point that was quickly responded to in - through great teamwork with the Corps and the local levee and first responders. So I wouldn't say that there's any threat or any imminent threat to a breach. You know, we're on the spot 24 hours a day, trying to look for indicators. And when we see them, we're, you know, responding almost immediately.","And to be clear, before I let you go, right now, your assessment is that you're not expecting a breach of the levee or of the dam.","That's absolutely correct. We see - you know, I've got just an amazing group of professional engineers out there every day working with the local community, and we see nothing that would lead us to believe that a breach is imminent, either of the levees or of our own infrastructure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The water flow was really high in 1986, but it's lower now."} +{"dialogue":["And then the women also said they wanted their jacket to look like that. They wanted to wear a male tie, which is unusual. Usually women wear, like, kind of a little crosshatch-looking tie. But they wanted to wear a long, male tie. And they wanted a pencil skirt.","Were the women and the men in the military polled about this?","Yeah. From different ranks, they had people come in and look at the uniforms or hats, you know, sent the prototypes to them and said, what do you like?Is this comfortable?And what would you like to see?","So they get some sartorial input."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a long, male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The National Enquirer is not a credible source of news and is often joked about."} +{"dialogue":["OK.",". . . It's a big question.","OK. So it does seem that it's been reported that the president's advisers are at odds. His national security adviser, John Bolton, is hawkish, seems very skeptical about any negotiations with Iran while the secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, seems to want to de-escalate the conflict. Now, obviously, everyone should be very careful about committing troops to any conflict, so let's just take that as a given. But how do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?Some would argue that these things should have been worked out by now.","Well, as far as any discussion with regards to the military option - and there are four instruments of national power, primarily - diplomacy, information, military, economics. It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation. I believe and many others believe that the military option anywhere at any time should always be the absolute. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"How do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?\" This question is not asking for a literal interpretation of what is happening but rather a more analytical and critical evaluation of the situation."} +{"dialogue":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Minerals Management office made errors in calculating royalties for the industry which saved companies over 10 billion dollars."} +{"dialogue":["So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -","Only?","Only 2. 4 percent. I know. That was shocking to us, too. But there's this weird paradox that happens, right?So you have black men on these campuses who are basically invisible in the classrooms. But at any given time and during any given academic year, the most high-profile undergraduate at one of these universities is likely to be a black basketball phenom or a black football star.","What did you find out about if these stars are actually getting the education that they've been promised?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The proportion of black male students at Power Five schools is much lower than the proportion of black male athletes."} +{"dialogue":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The law allowed sheriffs to profit from starving prisoners"} +{"dialogue":["OK. Give us the background now. He has been charged with eight felony counts, including perjury and obstruction of justice.","Correct.","Remind us what happened.","Well, this all began quite some time ago. We're talking about a case that involves the firing of a couple police officers. And supposedly, these police officers were fired because they were investigating misconduct on the part of the mayor. And the mayor came up with a settlement, an $8. 4 million settlement that was paid out of the city's coffers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : a request for a reminder of the timeline of events leading up to the current situation."} +{"dialogue":["The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N. human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, \"a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. \"All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.","NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N. team found in Venezuela?","Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.","And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N. rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The situation in Venezuela is very violent and dangerous."} +{"dialogue":["Klay Thompson has made it very, very clear that despite the injury, he wants to stay there and that the Warriors have pretty much said that they're going to reward him as well for playing his guts out. He belongs with that team. The Warriors aren't going to be what they were, but, eventually, when those injuries are clear, they're still going to be a really good team.","Wimbledon begins next week. What are you watching for?","I'm watching for two things, and I'm really looking for Ashleigh Barty. I'm actually watching her in a couple of ways. One, she has the chance to become the first Indigenous player, obviously from Australia, to become world No. 1. She can do that tomorrow if she wins in the final at Birmingham. She can also - when Wimbledon begins, she can become the first Indigenous woman since Evonne Goolagong, also who was No. 1 in 1976.","My favorite player as a youth, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They are going to reward him for playing as hard as he could despite his injury."} +{"dialogue":["The protests haven't been as widespread as people have expected. But nonetheless, these protests are continuing. And it's a show and a sign that the world is not standing by Trump and his declaration and his pronouncements and certainly not his positions.","Well - and yet the Saudi crown prince is reported to have urged Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, to accept a very limited state noncontiguous with most settlements remaining. And we've also heard sort of similar backroom discussions from Egypt and other countries in the region.","Yes. You're absolutely right. There hasn't been a time in - since 1967 where Saudi Arabia has been on the right side when it comes to Palestinian rights. The real question is whether Mahmoud Abbas is going to sign something like that. And as much as he's somebody I criticize and I'm not a fan of, this is not an agreement that I see him signing onto because it doesn't even ensure that Palestinian rights are being protected.","Instead, it legitimates the settlements that are illegal. It removes Jerusalem - Palestinian Jerusalem. And it is effectively doing away with the Palestinian right of return. So this is not something that any Palestinian leader, including Mahmoud Abbas, is going to sign onto."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The protests are still significant despite not being widespread"} +{"dialogue":["And you wrote that during your visit in December, you saw exactly one tourist?","That's right. A single woman who had a list of African countries she wanted to check off apparently with no information about any of them. And one of the ministers told me even the backpackers aren't here. So it is just on - there is nothing to do, there's nothing to see, there's no access to anything, there's no roads, there's no infrastructure. They have a park system which exists in theory. You can imagine a fantastic future for going and seeing things in Sudan because they also have, along with oil and water, they also have animals. They have a huge migration, probably the second biggest in the world.","So there's vast grasslands, a swirling long river section of the Nile through the country, enormous herds, large numbers of elephants, many of the things that people care very deeply about but it's in South Sudan so you can't get to it except with an airplane. And they're hoping that in the future of the country there's room for that to become an asset rather than just a leftover of isolation and war-torn times.","You describe a three-day jaunt to go see what might be too. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There are a lot of things to see in Sudan, but the country lacks the necessary infrastructure to support tourism."} +{"dialogue":["So explain to me how this system actually works.","Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.","But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.","And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It's not plugged in but typed in the computers. The models don't dance together but the data works together."} +{"dialogue":["Can I ask you just when you wrote this thread, what prompted it?What was the moment that sort of made you think, this is something I need to write right now?","I live in - I jokingly refer to it as the wilds of Connecticut, and there's nothing wild about it. But I live in the woods about 10 miles away from Sandy Hook. And when that incident happened, my daughter was in elementary school. My son was in middle school. The schools went into lockdown. I think I became radicalized on that day against gun violence. Every time one of these events happens, it affects me really deeply.","And so I found myself on the kitchen floor. My daughter wanted help with her homework, and I was sort of tweeting as she was reading me an essay she was writing. But it - I just felt like I needed to try to say these things in the best way that I knew how in that moment. And I - you know, there was no real forethought to it. It was just a kind of expression of deep, deep sadness.","Michael Ian Black is a comedian, actor and writer. Thank you so much for joining us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting made me strongly against gun violence."} +{"dialogue":["He and his commission had better get it organized. Otherwise, the fury Nigerians are feeling today could spill into much worse. So they say the presidential vote and, of course, it wasn't just voting for president - also for governors, also for national assembly, also for the state assembly.","So we'll have the presidential next Saturday in another vote. But some other votes have been postponed till 9 of March. That's after the original second-round vote date of the 2 of March. So the electoral commission has got to get itself sorted out.","NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, thanks so much.","Always a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The electoral commission needs to fix itself before the postponed votes."} +{"dialogue":["You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?","It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .","Coming to an end?","It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The increase in leasing and new car prices will lead to a rise in demand for used cars, which will increase their prices as well."} +{"dialogue":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person in question had to ask his close associates to resign due to the controversy"} +{"dialogue":["Most Americans will cast our ballots on November 8, or will we?Early voting begins in some states as soon as the end of this month. Twenty million ballots might be in the hands of voters by the end of September. After several elections with early voting, can we see what impact it might have on the political system and even the final result?","Paul Gronke is a professor of political science at Reed College in Portland, Ore. He's founder and director of the Early Voting Information Center. He joins us from Philadelphia. Professor Gronke, thanks for being with us.","Absolutely, good to talk with you, Scott.","Is it your impression so far that one party or one campaign is better prepared than the other right now for early balloting?","I think so. The Democrats really ramped up their operation with the Obama campaign in 2008, and they really got a very good data operation. Rick Perry led the way with the Republicans in some work in Texas to start to track Republican voters and connect them with whether they've cast their ballots early."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Is it your impression so far that one party or one campaign is better prepared than the other right now for early balloting?"} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr. Manafort.","And he gets some kind of consideration for testifying - immunity, right?","Well, what he gets is. . .","Maybe not absolute immunity, but OK, go ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The witness is receiving immunity in exchange for his testimony."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It does not make logical sense to attack people are trying to help get a dieses from spreading."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I'm delighted. I'm absolutely high as a kite. I said yesterday, I'm high as the flag on the Fourth of July, and it's the way I still feel today.","And does this ruling change the way researchers will be able to work?","It has a less of an impact on research, which has never been subject to the enforcement of a patent, than it does on the availability of this approach for patient care. The enforcement of the monopoly on testing by Myriad was in the realm of patient care, that is testing for patients who were referred by their physicians or genetic counselors for sequencing of BRCA1 and 2.","Does this mean that it will open up the realm of other people, other companies, coming up with a test also and maybe drive the price of the test down."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Myriad was the main company that could do testing and had most tests done by them."} +{"dialogue":["We got hit pretty hard with the recession. And when people aren't making money, they're not spending money.","And they're certainly not eating ice cream.","And they're not eating ice cream. So the more people make, the more they come down here and vacation from all over the world - general improving in the economy. I think there's a lot of confidence in the new administration that's in there. It seems like it's pro-small business, you know?There's a window manufacturer right next to where we're at, and they are swamped right now. And they say the same thing. It's, you know, people are confident. They're not holding onto their money. They're investing it in the economy.","May I ask you, did you vote for President Trump?","I didn't vote Democrat or Republican because I just - I'd had enough of the spatting back and forth. I'm prior military, so I support our president no matter who it is. But I didn't like the personalities of it, so I didn't vote for either one of those two.","Some of the owners that were surveyed were saying that there were some concerns - cost of health insurance, lack of qualified workers. Well, what are the things that you're concerned about right now that may hold back your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : People aren't spending money due to the recession."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?","You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.","And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.","Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Over 100,000 people are without power due to the storm"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, you know, there was a lot of that. From our point of view, what we were looking to do was to serve and engage readers. And it was not our intention to look in the window of another bookstore that might be five miles away. And some of the press like to say we opened up in order to put these people out of business, which I thought was ridiculous. But we kind of ignored it and just moved on.","Jumping forward a few years, the digital book revolution changed things tremendously. And at one point, Barnes & Noble put a lot of energy into its own Nook e-reader. . .","Yes.",". . . Thinking it would really kind of be its salvation heading towards the future. But it didn't really work out that way. You know, could it be that the future of books really is going to be good old-fashioned print?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"digital book revolution\" - this is a metaphorical expression that refers to the rapid shift towards digital formats in the publishing industry."} +{"dialogue":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"Oh, absolutely.\" - This is a literal response that affirms the ability to conduct new polls twice a year and that other colleagues are also surveying on the same topic."} +{"dialogue":["He wound up in a room in Jordan for 45 days and sent along the most dangerous road in the world and then become some kind of global symbol.","And then what happened to Kamala?","To be a widow in Nepal, you're pretty much - you become the property of your husband's family after you get married. And if he dies, you're sort of treated that way, sadly. So she was completely isolated by his family. She was cast out. She wound up at a home for widows and their children in Kathmandu, an ashram. I found her there in 2005. She was so devastated, she couldn't even look at me.","I went back to Nepal in 2013 to write about the same supply chains feeding guys making cameras for the iPhone 5 in Malaysia. And some of the families that I wrote about at the time and got together and - was this woman, this magnetic woman who lit up the room, who was leading the conversation that everybody was deferring to. She was cutting off the men, which you also don't see much of in Nepal. And I didn't even recognize her."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The treatment of widows in Nepal is unfair and oppressive."} +{"dialogue":["Microfauna, can't get enough.","Microflora and fauna.","That's right.","Excuse me, I just thought of - wow, and was this something he started out to do, I mean, as a scientist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The living conditions of workers are terrible and lack privacy and basic necessities"} +{"dialogue":["So that's the drug industry's argument against this proposal. They say that because of insurance coverage, hardly anyone pays the price the Trump administration is forcing these drug makers to include in their ads. That price is often called the list price or the sticker price, as we said. Drugmakers argue that including that price would scare consumers off from even going to their doctor and asking about a drug because they'd see a sky-high list price, and they would think - I can't afford that; I'm not going to go to the doctor.","Well, now that's interesting because that could be bad for someone's health. But is that actually what the government may want in some cases - for a consumer to make an informed decision that this drug just seems really pricey for the benefits alleged with it?","So I don't think the Trump administration would go that far. They say that this is the start of a conversation between a consumer and their doctor about a drug. They really want to try to get drugmakers to lower their prices. They've, countless times now, sort of shamed drug companies and said - if you're ashamed of your price, if you don't want to put it in your ad, lower the price.","And we should note that this is only for somewhat more expensive drugs - more than $35 per month. That's who the rule - that's what the drugs that the rule applies to. Hasn't one company, though, already gone ahead and just done this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices."} +{"dialogue":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The other airlines may not have the resources to purchase fuel for the future, suggesting a lack of financial stability."} +{"dialogue":["Midterm elections are always a little tricky for pollsters. What do polls about national issues and inclinations mean when control the House and Senate will be decided district by district and state by state?But this time around, there's even less data and fewer polls to analyze. NPR's Domenico Montanaro joins us. Thanks very much for being with us, Domenico.","Always a pleasure. Thank you.","Fewer polls?","Yeah. There are fewer polls this time around, and that is a real problem. I mean, when you look at the fact that newspaper readership at a local level is dwindling, their revenue is being cut, they were the ones who used to fund a lot of these polls, especially in congressional districts. And on a statewide level, there are dozens of fewer polls. So take them all with a grain of salt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : the accuracy of polls during midterm elections is already questionable due to the nature of the district and state-by-state voting process."} +{"dialogue":["So how do you think we should be thinking about this?I mean, are you personally prepared to say this warrants an impeachment inquiry at this point?And we only have - I beg your pardon - about 30 seconds left.","Well, I don't think there's any question that this whole issue needs to be investigated. And frankly, the Republicans ought to be working with the Democrats on this issue. This is a question of checks and balances. Are we going to prevent a president and limit a president from abusing his powers as president?That's something that's not just in the Democrats' interest. It's in the Republicans' interests because one of these days, there'll be a Democratic president, and they will be very concerned if that president behaves as this president is and is not held accountable.","That was Leon Panetta. He's a former director of central intelligence. He's a former secretary of defense and has held a number of important posts, as we have said.","Mr. Secretary, thank you so much for speaking with us once again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He is a reliable source of information and is knowledgeable and qualified and what he says can be trusted. "} +{"dialogue":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Car sales numbers for November are not expected to be good"} +{"dialogue":["Good to be with you.","So we just heard about what this decision means practically speaking, but what about politically?What's the thought process here?","I think the administration does not want too much attention to be paid to the person that they're handling this portfolio to. In other words, they don't want the czar concept. That was something of a media concept. You know, we do love czars. We like our drug czars, our energy czars. So. . .","And what sounds better than car czar?","(Soundbite of laughter) It's perfect. It was irresistible. And that is exactly why they decided to resist it because they knew we couldn't resist it. They wanted this fellow, and they have a person, his name is Ron Bloom. He has been an investment banker. He has been involved in a number of manufacturing, restructuring situations. And they wanted to bring him into the Treasury Department as a senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The administration doesn't want to draw attention to the position by calling it a 'czar'"} +{"dialogue":["So ultimately, it ended up ruining my life in every capacity. It's affected my health, my family, my emotional and mental well-being and, ultimately, even jobs. You know, I've been offered all these amazing jobs of a lifetimes that I fought really hard to get and I beat out other candidates for. And each time the job would be offered to me, it would then be retracted because of my connection to Jeffrey Epstein.","So that's what led me to finally come forward because I had just reached a point where I was like, you know, this man was out buying second islands and second airplanes just to show off while I was struggling to feed myself and couldn't even get myself a good job because of him, you know?","Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The connection with Jeffrey Epstein caused me to lose job opportunities"} +{"dialogue":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The criminal justice system is heavily involved in the opioid epidemic."} +{"dialogue":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr. Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The United States would need to compromise and accept a nuclear-armed North Korea."} +{"dialogue":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The women who joined the all-women's force did so as a result of being abused by their husbands who were part of ISIS."} +{"dialogue":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : do's refers to all acceptable behavior and activities"} +{"dialogue":["And the story is conveyed through the eyes of this young woman, this farmer's wife, who discovers it, actually, in a - she's kind of in an awkward situation. She's going somewhere where she's not supposed to be, and she sees it and she's not allowed to tell anyone. But she feels it's her personal burning bush. She takes it as a warning to go back.","I wanted to write it initially through her eyes so that you, too, would not know what you are seeing. But later. . .","If SCIENCE FRIDAY didn't spoil it.","Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Writing through the woman's perspective is done to create mystery."} +{"dialogue":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Finding funding for the education of young people is a significant challenge that affects my sleep."} +{"dialogue":["No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).","Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?","Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.","You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence."} +{"dialogue":["You know, thousands of people around the world are facing these situations now. I mean, these people who left lots of countries to go overseas and connect with ISIS or fight for ISIS or marry people involved with these extremist organizations, they're coming back. Do you have advice for your officials in other parts of the country, or perhaps even the world, about how we should start thinking about this as a society?","Well, I think first and foremost that it has to be a focus area, and, A and B, that it has to be very well-funded. We can't think of this as an issue of the day, and then a 24-hour news cycle passes, and it's not the topic that's hot in the media attention at the moment. Every time that we stop or we don't continue to move forward when a catastrophic event occurs, then we're going to be in a situation where asking the same questions - what are we doing?Why aren't we doing more?What should be done?","That's Kevin Lowry. He is the former chief probation officer for the U. S. District Court in Minnesota. Mr. Lowry, thank you so very much for talking to us.","You're welcome. And thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The issue of people joining ISIS should be a continuous and well-funded focus, not just a temporary concern when a catastrophic event occurs."} +{"dialogue":["The happiness course has been running for a couple of weeks. Any immediate reaction?","Teachers are telling me that they themselves are finding lot of calmness, lot of improvement in their behavior because they also sit into mindfulness with their students. So that's bringing a change in the teacher's approach also.","You've been sitting in on a lot of these classes. Are you happier?","Yeah, I'm feeling happier because if my kids are happier, my teachers are happier, then an education minister himself is happier."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Mindfulness practices in class help teachers improve behavior"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. I mean, I don't think they're damaging at all. I think Putin can be quite happy with these results. He had a real problem two years ago after the intervention in Ukraine. Western powers were ignoring and isolating Russia. Obama called the country a regional power. And today, Putin is deciding war and peace in Syria. And, you know, he's being attributed with powers of influencing a U. S. election. So, in some ways, it makes Russia seem much bigger than it really is.","One thing to keep in mind is that Russians have been told, for some time, that they're at war with the West, not really a shooting war but an information war, sort of a struggle for influence. So there's a widespread perception here that Russia is, itself, the victim of a Western conspiracy. So I think you can say, from the Kremlin's perspective, Russia's just giving the West a taste of its own medicine. More broadly speaking, I think this report really doesn't matter very much here in Moscow. People here are waiting for the inauguration of Donald Trump and nothing else really matters.","NPR's Moscow correspondent Lucian Kim, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics."} +{"dialogue":["And how long ago was this?","This was in the beginning of 2007.","And then, what happened with these new terms of your loan?","Well, I was pretty upset about my son and real focused on that and sort of trusted a friend of a friend. And the new terms, I didn't find out until much later, were very bad. I have a balloon payment after five years. I paid 20,000 to get into the loan. I have to pay 20,000 to get out of the loan, and my payments are 1,625 a month."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The new terms of the loan are unfavorable."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the curfew has now been in place, you know, almost 36 hours. There are checkpoints every 300 meters. One of my Iraqi friends actually turned around to me and said, this feels like it was during the height of the invasion and the occupation of Iraq in. . .","Wow.",". . . 2003, 2004. It feels like, with so many soldiers out on the street, all that's changed is that the uniforms have changed. It's not American anymore. It's Iraqi.","Impossible to know where this might go next, of course, but in terms of the strategy that may be emerging among protesters, can you tell whether these seem organized?Are there leaders who are calling the direction of where things may go next?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The friend is referring to the most prominent moment and time of the invasion."} +{"dialogue":["So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.","You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.","After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.","Dr. Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Surviving a gunshot inspired me to help others"} +{"dialogue":["When you lament where the company is, do you feel there are steps that can be taken to bring it back to the loftier values that, you know, you first believed were true?","Yeah, I think there are steps, but I don't think they're kind of what Uber should do. I think they're what regulators and lawmakers and sort of society should do. I mean, sort of a very easy step would be to, you know, re-examine this independent contractor status of their drivers and see if there's some way to have them be employees or gain some equity in the company. That would be one way.","So basically you're saying, as we're about to hoo and ha over the massive figure of possibly a hundred billion dollars in worth - regulators, pay attention and protect the drivers and the little people in the game?","Yeah. And I think actually, you know, Uber going public may prompt that - which we are seeing strikes. We are seeing protests from drivers. And we're in this moment where lawmakers, presidential candidates, regulators are paying more attention to this industry and its effects on the world. So I don't think Uber's IPO is going to be the end of the story for its drivers and for its culture. I think it's, you know, maybe the beginning of a new, more restrictive, you know, oversight over the company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The public offering will not be the end of scrutiny and oversight over Uber"} +{"dialogue":["I don't know where life would have led Ionel Talpazan if he'd slept on a cardboard box on a corner of, say, Akron or Peoria. But in New York, a famous art figure named Henry Tobler saw an artist in his drawings and wrote about him in scholarly journals. His pictures were included in Manhattan art galleries, and from the 1990s on, Ionel made his way in the world by his art. By the time he died, his works had hung at the American Visionary Art Museum and museums in San Francisco, London, Berlin, Madrid and France. Talpazans were sold in fancy galleries from SoHo to Chelsea. The man who'd slept in a box moved to a New York apartment.","My art shows spiritual technology, something beautiful and beyond human imagination that comes from another galaxy, he once told the Western Folklore journal. So in a relative way, this is like the God. Ionel Talpazan imagined incredible things and made them alive in the eyes of others. In a way, he did escape on his UFO.","(Singing) I wouldn't fool you, but I - I've seen the saucers so many times, I'm almost. . .","Elton John. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : while (4) is a call back to the story of Ionel Talpazan by using the metaphor of a UFO to symbolize his escape from his life in poverty."} +{"dialogue":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The park rangers had to build bathrooms at Conundrum Hot Springs because of the high number of visitors."} +{"dialogue":["Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?","Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.","But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.","OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : China did not want to commit to difficult structural changes in their economy in writing because it would look like a concession to the Chinese people."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning.","Good morning.","The U. S. has been unstoppable so far. Should the American women be worried about the Dutch?","Well, yes, the U. S. has been amazing so far. They've only allowed three goals the entire tournament, and they've now won 11 World Cup games in a row, which is a record. But this could be a tricky match against the Netherlands. This Holland team has made it to the final by upsetting teams that were supposed to beat them. And this is, actually, only their second time playing in a World Cup. They made it to the round of 16 four years ago in Canada. But then they won the 2017 European Championships, and they've only gotten stronger since then.","All right, we'll get to Megan Rapinoe in a second. But I want to ask about the Dutch side first. Who are you watching there?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The teams were not upset emotionally but picked to win and lost."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. It's very strange. We are being admonished to go everywhere and spend. And we're also told that spending is what got us into this ditch in the first place. And further, that once we're done spending and get out of the ditch, we really need to stop spending so much and start saving.","So it gets even more confusing because there's going to be some magical moment at which we are to stop shopping and start saving.","Seems like we're in that magical moment, but it's not magical.","(Laughing) No, it's not magical. But I think we're still at the moment where we're supposed to be at spending. And of course, that's not happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The advice we receive about spending and saving is contradictory."} +{"dialogue":["And it's most importantly for us, combined with great food, great food and dining experiences. And as more of our culture gets into more of the artsy and fine wine and fine dining experiences, wine is more of a part of that for all cultures.","Do you ever find people saying to you, OK, it's great that you do this, but your world is so on another planet. And what you do is so ridiculously specialized, I can't even talk to you because I don't know what you're talking about?","Definitely find less and less that. I think everybody in our - the mystique of wine and the exclusivity of wine, those barriers have been broken down, to a large degree, and people are less and less afraid to try wine and to have fun with it themselves.","They ask questions about some of the technical aspects of it. We're very fortunate as a family, and the other members of the African-American Association of Vintners are also from various backgrounds, and they get the same kind of questions that we do. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The exclusivity of wine has decreased, and people are more open to trying it."} +{"dialogue":["But this radicalization on the Internet is something that the FBI has been talking about for years, and it hasn't been licked. And clearly, this is an example of that since we know that the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, spent a lot of time on the Internet, on jihadi websites.","And again, if he says anything to the investigators before he's Mirandized, that is nothing they can use in a case against him. However, given the mountain of evidence - including this video that's been described to you - they may not need it.","Well, it's funny because depending on which lawyer you talk to, they will disagree with your first supposition; which is, that it's not admissible if you evoke the public safety exception. In fact, part of the reason for the public safety exception, instead of just talking to somebody without Mirandizing them, is that some of that information may well be admissible. But in this case, this is a bit of a slam dunk. They have video on this young man, and he's going to have a hard time saying that he wasn't involved.","NPR counterterrorism correspondent Dina Temple-Raston, with us here in Studio 42 - our very first guest in Studio 42. Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Given the large amount of evidence they may not need to mirandize him."} +{"dialogue":["Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.","Meaning having to shut an entire campus.","We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.","What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : system refers to the reality and not a computer or a program "} +{"dialogue":["Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you for having me on.","So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?","There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The weather forecasters are uncertain about this winter's conditions due to the unpredicted behavior of El Nino"} +{"dialogue":["Well, we got some comments about a story we did on a reported drop of media coverage on the war in Iraq. Charles Durn(ph) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania wrote us this. I am amazed how the various reasons given for the reduced coverage skip the obvious. One of your guests said that coverage switched off the same week General Petraeus said the surge was working. The obvious reason is the press is not interested in success in Iraq, especially if it made Bush look good.","Caroline Madelle Bennett(ph) in Rochester, New York praised us for a guest on that same segment. I don't care for much of what NPR puts on anymore, but I want you to know that I appreciate your having Laura Flanders on this evening. She's one of the intelligent voices of which there are so few on radio, in broadcast news, commentary and analysis.","We got a couple of comments on the monthly series on jazz that we're doing. Last week, we talked about how radio stations were dropping jazz from their programming lineups. Melinda Kennedy, who listens on WMUE FM noted this. It's not the music that keeps me from listening, but the radio personalities that host the shows.","And Don Nickels(ph) from Wildwood, Missouri chimed in, jazz has not suffered. Most of the greats are gone, but other than that it is the same as it's been for decades. It is a black genre and has never made it out of that community. Should it have more exposure on the radio?Maybe. But if no one is listening, who will pay?Welcome to what makes the world go round. It's called capitalism."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The radio personalities hosting jazz shows are not good."} +{"dialogue":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr. Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S. and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S. military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Russia is involved in various malicious activities worldwide beyond just the U.S. elections and doping in the Olympics."} +{"dialogue":["It's called a poor choice. On one innocent New Year's Eve in the early 1980s, I went to a party with all my friends. And justification, rationalization - everybody's doing it. I'm the only kid who's - just has a couple beers and is not doing coke. So you know what?I try it. And you know what happened?I'm not like everybody else. I liked it too damn much. And what it did was take away the split-second timing of being able to hit a major league fastball and to do the geometry that you need to do to run down ground balls and throw accurately. It just took a split second off me. And I had a 10-year career. But I would have been, in my opinion, an all-star-type player a couple years. And the morals - incredibly, the morals and values that my dad instilled in me made me a good cocaine user, so to speak.","I don't understand that at all. The morals your father instilled in you made you a good cocaine user.","Here's how. Here's how. I was never late for a game, never would think about playing a game on coke. I was raised too well to do that. I convinced myself that I was OK.","Painful as it is but also, I think, instructive to those of us who loved your father - could you tell us about the time when he called you up and said, get over here?And it was - your father and your brothers wanted to talk to you about all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : playing a game on coke, not using the coke as a surface, but being high on drugs"} +{"dialogue":["We have what are called the three amigos. And the three amigos are Secretary Perry, again, Ambassador Volker and myself. And we've been tasked with sort of overseeing the Ukraine-U. S. relationship.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And mind you that all this is happening even as Trump and his officials are in the process of ousting the U. S. ambassador to the Ukraine, who Trump recently called bad news.","What kind of reputation has Sondland built during his brief time as a diplomat?","ORDO\u00d1EZ: You know, in some ways, Sondland is kind of like Trump. He's a businessman. He made his name in the hotel industry. People I spoke to said he has kind of a similar brash personality - a wheeler, a dealer, someone with a lot of confidence. He's kind of a larger-than-life character. When he hosted an Independence Day celebration in Brussels, he actually brought in Jay Leno as entertainment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Trump said the person is bad at their job and causes trouble to others."} +{"dialogue":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S. says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There are no actual flags, the leader is adept at diplomacy and attacking others."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"regurgitated\", which is used here to describe the process of reusing someone else's work without adding any original content or value."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. Marine Le Pen did very well. That was expected. It wasn't a huge shock. She got about 24% of the vote. Macron avoided disaster. He personally invested in the campaign. He got about 22%, so came in, you know, second. But it was clearly a rebuke - a rebuke to him. And the - you know, the top person in Marine Le Pen's party lists said, the president - he turned this vote into a plebiscite, and he got his answer. The people are against him and his policies.","That is NPR's Eleanor Beardsley in Paris.","Eleanor, thanks so much.","Michel, good to be with you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Macron did not do well in the election."} +{"dialogue":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The report commissioned by President Johnson in 1967 proposes a humanistic approach to improving police-community relations through better communication and relationships."} +{"dialogue":["Thousand of miles west of the capital, trouble is brewing over a utility bill. Back in November, Veterans Day to be exact, residents of Bullhead City, Arizona, lit a flame at the town's memorial park. They called it an Eternal Flame. The plan was to keep it constantly lit to honor the fallen. But then they got the gas bill. Joining me now to tell us about that bill is Bullhead City's spokesman, Steve Johnson. Welcome to the program, Steve. And how expensive was that first gas bill you got?","The bill was about $961.","That was a pretty big initial gas bill. I'm trying to picture how big this flame is. Could you describe it for us?","It's - at its height, it's about 12 to 15 inches tall. I describe it as a kind of as a large artichoke. And it consumes a lot - well, obviously, it's consuming a lot of gas, at $900 a month. But it's a pretty tall flame."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The size of the flame doesn't justify the high gas bill"} +{"dialogue":["Back now with Day to Day and our conversation with Iranian author Azar Nafisi. I spoke with her about her new memoir.","The title of your book is \"Things I've Been Silent About,\" and one of those things that you've been silent about until now was being sexually abused at a very young age. You were six years old, when a cleric who was visiting your house molested you, and you allude to other men also abusing you later. How did you come to terms with that, and how are you able to write about it?","He was not a cleric; he was a very religious man.","(Laughing) He was maybe worse than some clerics actually."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : to be silent about something is to not talk about something, or to keep something a secret"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it.\""} +{"dialogue":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Some people criticize Zane's writing for being too sexual and question whether it perpetuates negative stereotypes about black people."} +{"dialogue":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N. official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Myanmar government is preventing international monitors from overseeing the situation, indicating they have something to hide."} +{"dialogue":["Well, all I can tell you is this. When I asked Commissioner Davis that question, he didn't hang up on me. He said the answer that I gave - that I reported - he said absolutely. It's possible that just the feeling that we're over the hump, that we're through this. I mean, it's human nature. You've watched events. They get there early. They're on high alert all the time. Plus, in this particular case, the bomb-sniffing dogs had gone through twice, once in the morning and an hour before the explosions have gone off.","So there was a feeling, there was a reason to feel basically secure that at time. It turned out not, you know, the security was - sense of security was misplaced. But again, I don't think it's an insult at all to what the response and, you know, the courage and all of that happened afterwards to rethink, and, you know, again, to use an overused term, connect the dots about how things were set up, were they followed out as they should've been.","Joan Vennochi, thanks very much for your time today. Appreciate it.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It's not an insult to think about what has happened again and to make sense of it and see where things were related to each other."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks to everyone who wrote in.","And best of luck to all of you out there who, like us, are trying to reinvent yourselves.","And thanks to our senior producer, Steve Proffitt. Steve, thank you. I don't know; what shall call you now from now on, if you're going to reinvent yourself?","How about Steve?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They wished luck to people that are trying to make changes in their lives that make them act different or live different than they did before."} +{"dialogue":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : We saw reports of damage slowly come in to our studio. It is chaotic and confusing for everyone right after an earthquake and everyone is a bit stunned."} +{"dialogue":["Few years ago, I was fortunate enough to address a convention of political cartoonists in the United States. And they kept pointing out, you know, we used to have a lot of people here. Now we're down to just a few dozen.","I know. And I've been to those conventions. And I'm actually a member of the board of the Association of American Cartoonists (ph). And I've been always struck by their pessimism (ph). But I'm still very positive about the genre. In this world of short attention span, the power of images has never been so big. And it's also a time when the media need to renew themselves.","But we must stop being afraid of offended people because the whole controversy that was triggered a month ago by that cartoon, I think it should have encouraged a discussion, explaining why this cartoon was wrong, how it's run, what is cartooning, and there was no space for that. I think The New York Times had to deal with a huge storm triggered by social media. We need to be able to withstand this and to go back to putting things into perspective.","Patrick Chappatte, editorial cartoonist, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The convention of political cartoonists in the United States has significantly decreased in attendance."} +{"dialogue":["And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding.","Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : They could not think of any ideas on what to build and how to build it."} +{"dialogue":["It takes a whole lot of land to produce meat. If you think about it this way, imagine around the globe all of the crop land out there - one-third of it is used to grow food not for people but for animals. It's animal feed. And when you combine the land needed to graze animals and feed them, this is just a whole lot. The World Resources Institute has estimated that for every gram of protein, producing beef can require 20 times the land and emit 20 times the emissions compared to what it takes to produce beans.","So are there certain types of meat that are better in terms of environmental footprint?Or basically is the suggestion that we should not be eating meat?","There are definitely better choices, and it does not have to be all or nothing. I just mentioned cows and other ruminants. They require a lot of land and feed. But they also release a lot of methane into the atmosphere. Every time these animals belch, a bit of methane goes up into the atmosphere. Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.","So from an environmental perspective, options such as chicken and turkey can be better. It takes less animal feed to produce meat from these animals. They grow faster. They require less land. So when it comes to reducing the environmental footprint of your diet, you don't have to completely give up meat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There are better meat choices to reduce environmental impact."} +{"dialogue":["No, he's not. I mean, you know, these Democratic candidates, it's essentially partisanship that's slipping in. You have them pretty split amongst the general election overall - Bernie Sanders, not very well-liked overall - 55%. And President Trump himself, his approval rating is only 41%, among the highest he's had for strongly disapproving at 45%. And it looks like a lot of the economic worries over the summer are starting to take a bit of a toll on him.","So does that mean that people think - clearly they have issues with his policies. According to your poll, does it mean they think he's going to lose?","Actually, no, (laughter) that's kind of surprising here that most Americans or more Americans think he's going to win reelection than lose by a 46%-to-37% margin. You know, people have a mostly positive outlook on the economy, and that really is buoying him right now.","We also have a result from a special election in North Carolina that we need to talk about. This was for the House seat that was up for grabs. The Republican won, but the margin of victory was still pretty small. And this was someone President Trump had campaigned for. What should he and his reelection team take from this, if anything?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The positive outlook is giving him the support he needs to continue campaigning."} +{"dialogue":["It has truly been a season of hurricanes. The one called Ike slammed into the Gulf Coast over the weekend. Thousands of people boarded up their homes and fled inland. Late last week, authorities began warning residents in the low-lying areas that to try to stick it out would bring certain death.","We've got Daniel Perry to give us his take on Ike. He's a regular contributor to our Bloggers' Roundtable. His blog is ThereAlready. blogspot. com. He's also a resident of Houston, Texas, which was in the path of the hurricane. But he and his family decided to stay at their home and brace themselves for Ike's impact. Daniel, thanks for coming on.","Thank you, Farai.","So how - first of all, how are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Staying in low-lying areas during hurricane will cause certain death"} +{"dialogue":["So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.","One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?","Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.","Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe."} +{"dialogue":["From what I can tell, as an observer of the trial, it has. You have to bear in mind what the juror's going to be focused on are the documents. In a white-collar criminal case, it's hard to ignore what the documents say. You've got tax returns that they're putting in. You've got mortgage applications that they've entered into evidence. You've got emails. The witnesses are putting those emails - those other communications - in the context. But to a large degree, the record is all written.","And just in the 25 seconds we have left, any idea what direction the defense is going to take?","It's hard to say. The defense can put witnesses on, or the defense can choose not to. The defense can put the defendant on or can choose not to. I think that's probably unlikely in this case. I don't think Paul Manafort will end up taking the witness stand. But I think, at the end of the day, they're going to end up pointing their finger at Gates as a dishonest business associate who really is the one responsible for these crimes.","Tim Belevetz, former federal prosecutor, now in private practice. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The documents hold significant weight in determining guilt in white-collar criminal cases."} +{"dialogue":["Much less than the NFL football players got.","Far less. Far less. And, I mean, we - this is a big issue. I mean, in 2011, there were three guys - Wade Belak, Rick Rypien and Derek Boogard - who all died within six months of one another. They were all enforcers - two buy suicide, one from drugs.","And it really was a wakeup call to the hockey world and to people who do that job of fighting for a living. And they kind of looked at these titans of the sport to say, wait a minute, if those guys who we look up to, who we idolize, who we see as the toughest enforcers on skates can die from this, then maybe we can too. And that's what I get into with my first character, James McEwan. He kind of goes into a mental health tailspin because he sees these guys perish. And he goes, well, this could happen to me, too.","Some of the players you interviewed suggest ways to reduce fighting in hockey. They have solutions. Tell us about some of their ideas."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It made the people that work in the sport of hockey realize the importance of what was happening. James McEwan's mental heath went down sharply."} +{"dialogue":["Boy, melodrama going on, on the Washington football club whose team name I refuse to utter. Coach Shanahan benching Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season - good idea or. . .","Well, it's all part of a bigger power play. The big problem is the owner. The problem with the Redskins goes back to Daniel Snyder. He's worse than George Steinbrenner, worse than Marge Schott; worse than all of them. He's one of the worst owners that you could possibly have. When he started, he had past-prime players with Deion Sanders and Bruce Smith trying to make a splash.","We're about to run out of time. Not much time for many more worse, yes?","Awful. He's just bad."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The coach's decision to bench Griffin is indicative of larger issues within the organization, likely stemming from the owner's poor management."} +{"dialogue":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"downsizing\" and \"rightsizing\" are both euphemisms for cutting jobs or reducing the size of a company, rather than referring to physically reducing the size of something."} +{"dialogue":["Are you - at the same time, though, you're in Moscow. Are you, a very smart man, naive to think that Vladimir Putin is going to give you asylum without expecting something in return?","All throughout the Cold War in the United States, we protected dissidents from the Soviet government. These are, you know, writers. These are speakers. These are physicists. These are not people who can benefit the United States government even if they had wanted to. And we protected them nonetheless because of the message it sent.","Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it."} +{"dialogue":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is a lot of opinion-sharing happening during the convention."} +{"dialogue":["Well, can you describe to us what the situation is on the ground there in Gaza?What does it looked like?What's going on in the hospitals?","It is a very bad situation. The hospitals are ill-equipped and not ready to deal with a mass-casualty event like this one. Israel did allow humanitarian supplies to go into Gaza today. They allowed quite a few trucks to enter. Aid workers on the ground say that it's not enough, that there's still real a shortage there.","Griff Witte is the Jerusalem bureau chief for the Washington Post. Thank you very much.","Thanks, Madeleine."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation in Gaza is much worse than the humanitarian supplies suggest."} +{"dialogue":["How did it change me to lose a parent?","Yeah.","Do you have both your parents?","Nope."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Losing a parent can have a profound impact on someone's life."} +{"dialogue":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Joan felt a sense of responsibility with the money she had and was determined to use it for good causes. She was not averse to living lavishly."} +{"dialogue":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The Power Five conferences dominate college sports and generate significant revenue."} +{"dialogue":["Sir, why do we need a Space Corps?What threats do you see it defending us from?","Well, clearly, we've got some very serious, aggressive behavior by both the Chinese and the Russians in space. They have realized that that's a great equalizer if they can get good at it, and they're getting good at it fast. Unfortunately, we've become, just like every other war-fighting country, very dependent on space. But the truth is, it's not just our military; our country has become very reliant on space. Anybody that has a handheld iPhone or other device, that device is using space.","Because of satellites.","Satellites. So the Russians and Chinese have realized that if they can take our eyes and ears out, which is what our satellites are, they might actually be able to compete or have an advantage against us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Satellites are crucial for military and civilian operations, and losing them would give the Russians and Chinese an advantage."} +{"dialogue":["No. OK. The regime have been mistaken for certain things. We used to have corruption. It's not new. Everybody knows that. But most of the Syrians think that the corruption and the mistakes the regime have, it's not to be correct this way.","This way meaning. . .","Destroying the country, killing people.","What do you think about the regime killing Syrian civilians and perhaps with chemical weapons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people."} +{"dialogue":["There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine.","The consumer is trading down. Starbucks closes 600 stores, but McDonalds is doing fine. Bennigans closes all their stores. Steak and Ale closes all their stores, but Burger King is booming. There is a story out there. The consumer is in major trade-down mode. If you're in position to take advantage of that, you win.","What about hiring?Stores hire a lot of temporary workers around this time for the holiday season. What's going on there?","Well, we've got 82 clients. All of them, across the board, are planning to hire fewer people and for fewer hours. Hiring is going to be way down, inventory is down, sales is down; it's all down. You know, we've lost an average of 85,000 jobs a month so far this year. Unemployment is going to skyrocket, in our view, to 7 and a half, 8 percent. All the stores have canceled expansion plans, cutting back on investments. They're not opening new stores. They're closing stores, and they're slashing hiring budgets."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There is a shift in consumer behavior towards cheaper options, benefiting certain businesses."} +{"dialogue":["That's something that has come up quite a bit.","Agreement's vacated if he. . .","Precisely, yeah.","Yeah. As someone with your experience, knowing lawyers on both sides, I gather - has the prosecution laid out a convincing case in the couple of weeks it's had?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The agreement is no longer valid if he... (implied condition)"} +{"dialogue":["You know, I would say those days coaching were some of the best days of my life. Internally, we were really solid, you know, from the players to the coaches. They were all very supportive. I think the skeptics came, a lot of the times as they do, from the outside looking in. They saw us as being very different, you know, men working with women. And what they didn't realize is that we were more alike than we were different. We were alike in the game and in what we had dedicated to be great. And those guys knew everything about me and my story before I got there, right?Like, they were literally like, coach, we watched your game film. Like, you are a beast off the edge, like - and they couldn't believe that I had played a season against guys, like, getting tackled by guys their size. And there was definitely an energy within the team that it was something very special, and those guys were proud to be a part of history.","There's been a lot of focus on the culture for women in the NFL. I'm thinking particularly of the Ray Rice scandal, and what can be perceived as a tolerance for abuse by male players. Does that make it harder for women, do you think?","Well, you know, I think in - let's like back out of that for a second, right?","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The team faced challenges due to gender differences, but overcame them with unity and dedication."} +{"dialogue":["Without warning, I sat down to my meal. The pot pie looked like something Martha Stewart whipped up. And served in her mother's best china, Christiane's potatoes au gratin with green chilies could've been an expensive appetizer at a fine restaurant.","Mm, mm. Oh my gosh. It's really good. It's kind of got like that Tex-Mex flavor to it, like jalapenos. . .","I think if you don't add the chilis. . .","Mm."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The pot pie looked like it had been professionally made and then served in an expensive manner."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.","That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.","It was. It was a big day, for sure.","You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It was not a scoop but a finding out of information that could be shared with others."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The people who sent the probe feel disappointed that Pluto was downgraded and their efforts were for nothing."} +{"dialogue":["Do the findings differ according to what you majored in or, you know, engineering versus philosophy?","It did. For example, if you look at in the middle of the career of someone, say, 15 years out after graduation, the typical earnings of an engineer is pretty close to $100,000 a year. The same is true of my field of economics. But if you were to go to teaching or social work, the figure is more likely $50,000 a year.","Dr. Vedder, without getting you into trouble, you're a professor of economics. Does this lead you to ever tell your students you're wasting your money here?","Well, you've asked a delicate question, Scott, but I am at the age where I am tenured and semi-retired, so I guess I can say anything I want. I've tried to be honest with my students and I tell my students that there are risks in anything one does in life and any kind of investment one makes in life. And colleges are subject to the same kind of risks that investing in, say, stocks and bonds. Part of the risk, of course, is that 45 percent of those who enter college don't graduate within six years. And students who think they can major in social work then go get a fancy job and then live in an upper middle-class suburb are perhaps living a life that's devoid of much reality these days. And so I point this out to them. I don't tell them don't go to college, but I tell them there are risks associated with it and be cautious about piling up a lot of debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The findings are likely to vary depending on what field of study you have chosen, such as engineering or philosophy."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for having me, Michel.","So organizers say that there were about a million people protesting today. The police say it's more like a quarter of a million. Still, that is a lot of people in a city of 7 million people. You were out in the streets. What did you see?","The streets were completely packed. It was just jammed - a complete mosh pit. I was out there, and I had just never seen so many people out on the streets before. They were marching through the city's main east-west artery for about two and a half miles from the park to the government headquarters. The head of the crowd started streaming out of the park at around 2:30 in the afternoon. And five hours later, as I was circling back to the start of the march, people were still going strong, and the tail end of the crowd was nowhere to be seen. So that just shows you how many people were joining this march for hours on end.","The issue of extradition is certainly important, but it just isn't something we often see people demonstrating about. And why do you think this sparked such a massive response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The police may be downplaying the number of protesters."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, so in the final bend, Maximum Security drifted wide into another horse's lane. That caused a domino effect, disrupting the progress of three other horses. Country House's jockey, Flavien Prat, was the one who filed the objection after the race. So three stewards, which are basically, like, referees, reviewed the footage and interviewed the affected jockeys. Eventually, steward Barbara Borden gave a brief statement saying that they unanimously decided to disqualify Maximum Security, then walked away without taking any questions.","Wow, it sounds like a political conference. All right. Has anything like this ever happened before?","So one other horse was stripped of his title after the fact. That was because he essentially failed a drug test back in 1968. But no, this - this was a first. And the outcome of this year's Derby was just so unpredictable. The original horse couldn't even compete. And the second favorite, Maximum Security, lost even though he crossed the finish line first.","All right, so give us the story with Country House briefly. His trainer is named Bill Mott. Did you hear from him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It was not dominoes but horses that began to fall in the race."} +{"dialogue":["What happened was there was this terrible murder in a house on Runyon Street. It was called the Runyon Street murders. Four people were killed. And the police set their sights on a 14-year-old named Davontae Sanford. He was young. He was alone. He was developmentally disabled.","And they got him to admit to what he said was, quote, \"something\" with his understanding that he would be let go. He ended up signing a confession to the murders. He was indicted. His attorney, who was guilty of all sorts of misconduct, ended up, in the middle of trial, having Davontae plead guilty to the four murders and get an extremely long sentence.","Eighteen days after he pled guilty - or maybe 16 days - the actual killer, a guy named Vincent Smothers, confessed to the Detroit Police that he had carried out these four murders and eight other murders at the behest of a hitman. So the Detroit Police, even though they had this evidence, didn't free Davontae Sanford. And at some point, the evidence leaked out. I think that was in 2009. And at that point, he started fighting to be released and was opposed at every turn by Prosecutor Worthy.","We contacted Prosecutor Worthy, who didn't come in for another interview. But she - there is this statement. And let me read it."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Davontae Sanford was coerced into confessing to a crime he did not commit and his lawyer was guilty of misconduct."} +{"dialogue":["I would say that those who have sought to make a story of this initially focused on the decision by Hunter Biden to take this lucrative deal. But starting late last year and really kind of earlier this year in March timeframe, Giuliani and his allies have been pushing allegations that Joe Biden when he was vice president used his office to put pressure on the Ukrainian president at the time to fire a prosecutor who they allege was investigating Hunter Biden and the company that had him on the board.","I looked very closely at this and spoke to officials who were involved in that. And I understand the first example of the questions about whether or not he should have taken this job in the first place. I think that is a legitimate topic to be discussed and suggests questionable judgment that was made by Hunter. But in the case of his father using his office to fire this prosecutor, what I found was to the contrary. That prosecutor was not investigating his son or the company and is merely claiming that he did in retrospect.","Does Hunter Biden still hold this position?","He resigned the position on the board earlier this summer and basically decided that it just wasn't worth the heat for himself and for his father."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly. And the nice thing with the study was that we got to find out what was characteristic of healthy sinus cavities. And what we saw was that there was this enrichment for lactic acid bacteria and many other bacteria. But they're the ones that stood out to us because they were most depleted in the disease stage. And so we moved the. . .","Is this the bacteria that you find in yogurt and things like that?","Yeah, yeah. It's a relative. It's one of them. There are many, many lactobacillus species. But the one that we focus on is one - actually, we focused on the one that's used in making sake. (Unintelligible).","Making sake?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Lactic acid bacteria can be found in yogurt."} +{"dialogue":["We've got two foreign vessels in Iranian custody. We've got one Iranian tanker in British custody and no sign of the tensions cooling off. So what happens next is the big question and a lot of the options are not that great. I mean, remember, this is all happening in the context of the Trump administration's maximum pressure campaign against Iran.","Trump has been saying the return of American sanctions on Iran and other pressures are all designed to force Iran back to the negotiating table to hammer out a tougher version of the 2015 nuclear agreement - that's the one Trump pulled the U. S. out of. So far, Iran's unanimous response from the military to the supreme leader has been, nope, Iran doesn't negotiate under pressure. We're not going to do it. So we'll have to see if this continuation of commercial vessels being seized in the Persian Gulf adds more pressure for some kind of international response.","That's NPR's Peter Kenyon in Istanbul.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The tensions do not cool as they are hot but they do lesson."} +{"dialogue":["He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr. Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.","Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit."} +{"dialogue":["Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.","And what are we expecting there?","Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.","We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There will be a lot of formal events but street protests will be the highlight."} +{"dialogue":["One of the roles that he may well play is kind of smoothing out the relations between President-elect Obama and his secretary of state to be, Hillary Clinton. The two were once rivals. Can you give an example of how he might go about in mediating, making sure that everything runs smoothly?","Well, I don't think you're going to have to ask that. Senator Hillary Clinton is a real pro. She's a great American. And she will know and understand her role. I just have no qualms about their needing any mediation whatsoever, and I don't think Jim Jones or anyone else will have to do it.","Can you give an example, politics aside, business aside, maybe of a time that you two shared together that just gave you a sense of what he was like?","We made a trip, as I recall, to the Balkans a good number of years ago when he was a one star general, and just sitting with and listening to him tell about the intricacies of situations there. He has a good handle on the problems that that faces."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite their past rivalry, Jim Jones may be needed to help smooth relations between Obama and Clinton"} +{"dialogue":["To the tax issues that tanked a lot of the nominees that couldn't go forward. Some of the most common errors are incorrect or missing social security numbers. It sounds so simple, and yet, that something that catches a lot of people. The incorrect tax entered, based on your taxable income and filing status; math errors!Math errors is a huge issue for a lot of people. That's why it's important that if you can to e-file, because that will eliminate one of the major errors people make, which is in the math. And if you make less than $56,000 a year, you can get your taxes e-filed for free. You have to go to the IRS Web site to do it. But also this year for the first time, you can e-file even if you don't meet that. Now, you don't get the tax software that goes along with it that sort of walks you through, but if you already know how to do your taxes and you don't want to pay extra, you can e-file.","OK, let's talk about an issue that seems to be the third rail for a lot of political appointees or nominees, and that is the nanny tax. What should we, ordinary people, know about this kind of tax. . .","When we're hiring people to do stuff around the house?","Well, here's the thing: Most people are not going to have this problem."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The tax issues caused a lot of nominees to not be able to continue. The software helps a person to understand and work the tax filing correctly."} +{"dialogue":["It was an amazing list. This started around 1910. There was a long list of books, and, at the start, they were things that sound pretty ordinary now, the things you mentioned, titles of things like \"Tom Swift and His Airship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Wireless Message. \"My favorite is \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone. \"If you read \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone,\" which is written in 1914, it sounds like you're hearing the description of Skype or Google Hangout.","The boy inventor invented this in 1914 fictionally, but the details are surprisingly similar.","Are people still reading those books, the Tom Swift books?","That's a good question. There were two big series. The first series started in 1910, went up to about 1940. They updated it in the 1950s and '60s with things like \"Tom Swift and His Rocket Ship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Giant Robot\" and on and on. Those petered out. And they started up a few later, but the later ones just got off into sort of fantasy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The details in the Tom Swift books are surprisingly accurate."} +{"dialogue":["President George W. Bush's book of portraits of more than 60 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines who served in wars under his watch was published this week - \"Portraits Of Courage: A Commander In Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors. \"President Bush has done a number of interviews in recent days talking about how he took up painting after leaving office and how he came to paint portraits of men and women that he sent in to war. We're joined by one of the president's subjects now. They call each other friends. Michael Rodriguez was a U. S. Army Special Forces Green Beret who served from 1992 to 2013 in Latin America, Somalia, Haiti, two tours in Afghanistan, nine deployments in 21 years. Michael Rodriguez joins us now from his home near Fort Bragg, N. C. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, thank you for having me.","What do you think of your portrait?","Oh, wow. I'm, you know, I'm blown away that my former commander in chief would actually take the time to paint those that served under him. And I'm humbled that he selected me as one of them. I think it's a pretty good representation of me. I couldn't - I'm still kind of processing the whole thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : This is a polite way of asking what the person thinks of their own portrait."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections"} +{"dialogue":["No, wow.","Well, all right. So, let's get to your best political conversation of the week.","You know, it's about John McCain. Everybody in town just watched as McCain came back, and it was very low key. And not only was it at low key; there was a sense of, you know, sadness about it. There he was; suddenly Joe Lieberman's over arguing with the Democrats and trying to get back in with the Democrats and retain his position, in terms of a leader on the Democratic side, no longer hanging around with John McCain. The right wing of the Republican Party never wanted much to do with John McCain, and so they're not rallying to him; they're not offering him any leadership position. So, John McCain is kind of out there on his own, and everybody is saying, you know, what's to come of John McCain?And the answer is, you know, John McCain will try to be his own man, but the fact is he's a man really without a country in the U. S. Senate at this moment.","NPR news analyst Juan Williams, always a pleasure."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : John McCain is facing political isolation and uncertainty in the Senate"} +{"dialogue":["Yes, yes, and I was inundated with students and visitors and all of that because there's a fascination to this, and they all - well, they're all happy to be - to see something like this and realize that when I started and where I started is where they are and that they can do something. And that ought to be the goal: school, learn and then use your own abilities to go further.","Do they realize that?Do they understand that?","I know some did. Now others I think are still thinking I'm going to quickly grab a degree and get a fantastic job and get rich, but I don't think they're thinking beyond getting rich. Now I don't know if that's a good life.","Well, congratulations to you, Nick."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Getting rich may not lead to a good life."} +{"dialogue":["They still want the same things they wanted on Tuesday, but because of the heavy-handed security tactics, they're also now saying that they want the Iraqi army and the Iraqi security forces to stop firing on them. What they - overwhelmingly, what you hear is, we are Iraqi. We are the people of this country. Why are you firing at us?We have a right to protest.","And what is the scene tonight?This is Friday. This is typically a day of rest in Iraq. Is - are the streets quiet right now?","Well, the curfew has now been in place, you know, almost 36 hours. There are checkpoints every 300 meters. One of my Iraqi friends actually turned around to me and said, this feels like it was during the height of the invasion and the occupation of Iraq in. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors."} +{"dialogue":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken."} +{"dialogue":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : (1) Fishing expedition: a search for information or evidence that is conducted with little or no direction and is likely to be fruitless."} +{"dialogue":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : the super bowl is the nfl finals, not a huge dish or bowl; economy is not liteally hit by the super bowl, but affected by it"} +{"dialogue":["Patricia is moving over Mexico, downgraded from the most powerful hurricane ever recorded to a tropical depression. She was less damaging than expected. Hurricane force winds were spared to the coastal cities like Puerto Vallarta. Daniel Lozano, the director general of the Mexican Red Cross, is overseeing the emergency response. He joins us from Mexico City now. Mr. Lozano, you must be very busy. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. It's a pleasure to be with you and the audience.","Can you tell us what's going on there now?","Well, as you mentioned, fortunately the hurricane downgraded very fast and we were expecting a greater impact in several cities and communities of Jalisco, Colima and the states around that area. But fortunately no major damages have been registered so far."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The director general of the Mexican Red Cross is relieved that no significant damage has been reported and is thankful for the quick downgrade of Patricia."} +{"dialogue":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Implies that the high-risk pools are often not sufficiently funded and\/or have limits on coverage"} +{"dialogue":["But these are opposition strongholds. So, again, it reinforced this view that Ebola is being exploited for political gain. It's being used by certain political players to make money. And so what we're seeing is a lot of these messages being circulated that Ebola is a hoax or Ebola is a plot. And people are attributing these messages to local political leaders who presumably feel that their power is being threatened by rivals who are aligned with the fight against Ebola.","So the new U. N. coordinator, what can they do?","This appointment is a recognition that the U. N. realizes they need to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem. And my sources in Congo say that they might need to get pretty radical because you can't just fight this with guns because if you do that, you're just going to play into this narrative that the national government is using Ebola as a way to gain power. You need to spread the message that this is not a political issue, that this is something that, you know, affects everyone.","And so some of the ideas that have been talked about, for example, is just really broaden who gets vaccinated. Normally, you vaccinate people who've had direct contact with someone who has Ebola, which makes sense medically, right?But that just makes people wonder, are the people who are getting vaccinated people who have connections, you know?And why isn't everyone getting vaccinated?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The fight against Ebola is not just a health problem, but also a political one"} +{"dialogue":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The subpoena is a powerful tool to get the truth out of witnesses and to obtain documents that may be relevant to the investigation."} +{"dialogue":["We just have this mythology about America being a melting pot and, you know, welcoming of immigrants. And we have our democratic ideals. And yet the true history is one of racism, of white supremacy. And peoples of color have never been particularly welcomed into this country. A lot of people still don't even know the history of the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, so I want to go out of feeling youthful, you know, in my old age. And I think that that's something that I can talk about, you know, educate people. So what else can we do?","Chizu Omori is a writer living in Oakland.","Thank you so much.","Well, thank you for allowing me to speak up."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Melting pot doesn't refer to an actual pot, but is a metaphor for the country's population being a mix of different ethnicities and national origins."} +{"dialogue":["A lawsuit was filed this week in federal court on behalf of a man who moved from Puerto Rico to Southeast Georgia in 2017. He applied for a driver's license after waiting at the required 30 days. The man, Kenneth Caban Gonzalez, says that an inspector from the Georgia Department of Driver Services confiscated his documents and asked him a number of trivia questions such as, who is Roberto Clemente, and what is the name of the frog native only to Puerto Rico?He alleges he also asked trick questions such as, where is Caguas beach?There is no beach in Caguas.","The lawsuit accuses the state of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U. S. states. The advocacy group Latino Justice is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights. And with us now is Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center.","Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The state of Georgia has unequal requirements for residents of Puerto Rico."} +{"dialogue":["From what we can tell, they've donated from - I think it was over a hundred countries in terms of geography. It just sort of struck a nerve across the world.","Why do you think that is?","I think a big part of it was that Tesla as a man is sort of someone that a lot of people, maybe, sympathized with because he's kind of a geek at heart. He's sort of this unsung hero, and he did all of these wonderful things for us and didn't really get much credit during his career. So with this sort of crowd funding campaign, it was almost an opportunity for the world to make it up to him.","What drew you to getting involved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Many people sympathize with Tesla and want to support him."} +{"dialogue":["So what you're hearing is a measurement that we make on our new mission. We just launched the Radiation Storm Belt Probes back in the very end of August. And we make measurements of the radio waves, and it turns out that these radio waves are in the same frequency range as human hearing. So we can take our measurement. We just turned into a WAV file or an MP3 file, and then you can listen to it.","Wow. And you have some other sounds as well, right?I think we have one ready to go.","What's that one?","That's a very classic sound for people in our field. That's something called a whistler, and it's been known for a very, very long time. And it comes about when a lightning strike occurs on the surface of the Earth. And that sends out a whole broad range of various radio waves, and they go up. And some of them can make it out through the Earth's ionosphere, which tends to reflect a lot of it. And as they move along out into space, it turns out the higher frequencies, the treble pitches, move faster than the slower, basier(ph) pitches. And so when they get to our satellite and measure them, what you hear first is that high pitch, and then it sweeps downward to lower and lower and lower frequency."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The radio waves can be heard by humans."} +{"dialogue":["Right now, the police - I can't tell you for sure. I can tell you as to my prosecutors, what we did is we took the supervisor and the people involved in our charging decisions, and they actually help us work the system. So the process that we have created actually was a collaboration with people in my office. So they are supportive, and they're intrigued by what it's going to look like.","Again, we want to make sure that there are no negative unintended consequences to this. So we're going to be looking at it very closely. We are working with the Sanford people to make sure that we create the right metrics, you know?The goal here is to do something that will do the right things. And part of that will be learning and seeing if there are any negative unintended consequences that - we want to go back and fix them very quickly.","That is George Gascon. He is the district attorney for the city and county of San Francisco. George Gascon, thank you so much for talking with us.","My pleasure, Michel."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The prosecutors collaborated with the supervisor to manipulate the system."} +{"dialogue":["Well, AIG was a very big and successful insurance company. It did well in insurance products. But it got into a lot of trouble by selling very complex financial products, which, as you know, have lost huge amounts of money because of the housing downturn.","Now, in September, when conditions for the company were getting pretty bad, the Federal Reserve agreed to loan AIG $85 billion. In exchange, it took some stock in the company as collateral. The idea was that, you know, the loan would sort of tide AIG over while it sold off assets. But it's been very hard to sell anything because of the credit crunch.","So, meanwhile, the interest payments were piling up. AIG said it lost 25 - almost $25 billion last quarter. So, this morning, the government said it was going back to the drawing board and trying to work out something else. It's really an admission that the efforts so far haven't worked.","So, how much money is this new plan going to involve, and where exactly is it going to be coming from?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"going back to the drawing board\" - refers to starting over with a new plan or approach."} +{"dialogue":["Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.","So now there's a conversation that Kerry's having with both President Kiir and over the phone with the rebel leader, Riek Machar, saying, OK, you guys need to sit down and discuss a transitional government that will include both tribes, but - at least we're reading between the lines here - probably not include either of you guys. Now, whether he can get that across might be possible. The U. S. does have a lot of power in this region. But it really does depend on these two sides sitting down.","Greg, the U. N. special adviser says there's, quote, \"the risk of genocide. \"That will make a lot of people wonder if we're on the verge of another Rwanda or Bosnia.","One very chilling account was before the recent massacre in Bentiu. Rebel commanders were said to have used a local radio station to tell men to commit acts of rape against women from the ethnic opposition. That reminds people of Rwanda. The true fear - and this is already happening - is that this hate speech will blur the line between civilian and combatant."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (2) The implication of this turn is that Kerry is trying to get the two sides to agree to a transition government that will not include either of them, despite their protests and desires."} +{"dialogue":["And within hours, the guy was arrested. And we could see him being taken into a police station.","With such fear in Beijing, how were you able to report the story?","You know, we couldn't hire translators. That was dangerous. Nobody answered their phones, so we just monitored Chinese television. You know, you could listen to shortwave broadcasts. You could go out on the streets. You know, I reread the transcripts of my first day reporting. And we were out with a taxi. The taxi driver, he tapped my arm under the steering wheel because he wanted me to see all the troops in the street, but he kept his eyes straight ahead.","Then we decided that we would hire a rickshaw - one of those buggies that's propelled by a man on a bike. So I put a microphone down my sleeve and a tape recorder in my bag, and we headed off. And I'm narrating what I'm looking at. And this is what it sounded like 30 years ago."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Reporting in China was dangerous and required creative measures to obtain information."} +{"dialogue":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Oh, the best day of my life, I guess.Life doesn't get any better.Life doesn't get any better.With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old.What a day.What a day.I was happy.Everybody was pleased.They gave me a good ovation.I really enjoyed it.I really did.I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."} +{"dialogue":["It's perfect.","Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : suits refers to make proper or fit in and not a set of clothes to be worn"} +{"dialogue":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family."} +{"dialogue":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S. ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Does the US have a responsibility to intervene in cases of genocide and mass slaughter?"} +{"dialogue":["How does it manifest?","Well, it's strange. But I think I can see it in the eyes of people when they approach me. And a lot of mothers who have lost their children do approach me, and I can see it. I can feel it even before they reach me. And it's like it's a secret society that nobody wants to be a part of, but we offer one another comfort because we know the pain that we still feel.","So more conversations like this, more personal revelations, more scrutiny, more campaigning, having to defend your husband's record, the anxiety of a potential loss after giving so much - are you really ready to do this again (laughter)?","I am ready. I am ready. I wouldn't have done it. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort."} +{"dialogue":["All right. I want to take a quick detour. Staying with Secretary Rice, she spoke at a conference this week concerning HBCUs, or historically black colleges and universities. And she championed more diversity among diplomats, saying, I have lamented that I can go into a meeting at the Department of State, and as a matter of fact I can go into a whole day of meetings at the Department of State, and actually rarely see somebody who looks like me. And that is just not acceptable.","So Emira, do you think that having more black people in diplomatic positions will change, for example, Africa policy?","Well clearly, we have had Condoleezza Rice at the top of the ticket, right?She has been the lead in U. S. -Africa policy and broader U. S. foreign policy. And that has not necessarily improved U. S. relations with Africa. If anything, this administration has had a more militaristic approach to Africa under Condoleezza Rice. So it is important to make sure that there are a range of views represented in foreign policy, a range of views that will bring about a more responsible U. S. engagement with the continent, and with the rest of the world.","And so, yes, it would be great to have more people from black and brown communities in those senior places, but it is important what their views are, what their foreign policy agenda is. I think we are now in the 21st century, where we have to push forward to say, we demand, really, that the U. S. engages in a more responsible way with Africa and the rest of the evolving world."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Having people from diverse communities in senior positions is important, but their views and foreign policy agenda matter more"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Millions of dollars. And they actually - the Coogan Law at this moment though actually only protects about 15 percent of a child's earning. And so there's a whole 85 percent that goes somewhere else. And the parents can use it for various things. And the child can use it but, you know, when you're a child you're not going to make most sound financial decisions.","And you end up seeing a lot of child stars actually growing up and getting emancipated from their parents because they don't like the way that their parents have handled their money. And there are other loopholes around it too, like they can appear - they have to appear in front of a court to say that they can do this. But the ones who don't appear in front of a court, they don't have to necessarily pay attention to those rules. And there are a lot of loopholes and sadly there are lot of parents using their kids to make money.","Well, Mara Wilson, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate your insight. I love the picture of Alfred Hitchcock, who you say once described actors as cattle. And your line, please?","That would make child actors veal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others."} +{"dialogue":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Karodzic's brother made a mistake that ultimately exposed his identity."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The stroller's front wheel would fall off suddenly during use, posing a safety risk for parents jogging with their children."} +{"dialogue":["Exactly so. Dopamine, the opiates, these are the chemicals of pleasure and addiction.","So, some people have questioned whether or not there really can be something like technology addiction. What makes you so sure that there is?","Well, there are certain signs and symptoms. All addictions have certain patterns. They - it really involves somebody being able to feel high from engaging in the activity, beginning to lose control over that, and find themselves really behaving in a compulsive way with it, and going into withdrawal when they are not able to engage in that, and then engaging in the behavior in spite of negative consequences. So, that general pattern holds for all addictions, and it holds very much so for these high-tech addictions as well.","Let's talk about the whole idea of withdrawal, because if you have a chemical addiction, withdrawal, you know, for example, from heroin can include things like sweats and, you know, body aches and all sorts of physical symptoms, but what do you really mean by withdrawal from technology?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Certain chemicals in the brain are associated with pleasure and addiction."} +{"dialogue":["All right. My apologies there.","Oh, thank you.","Well, technical glitch. Thanks very much for being with us. And you wrote about your experience as a child actor in an article for the website Cracked. And you wrote you're glad you weren't Olsen twins famous, but you are pretty famous.","Well, thank you. I mean, I think that when I was child, acting was mostly just a hobby for me. It was something that my parents encouraged me to think of the way that my brothers thought of their cross-country classes, or my little sister to dance classes and art classes, and it was something like that for me. You know, the other kids were playing Little League or Pee-Wee hockey or whatever, and I was - well, I was an actor.","That's the way that I saw it. So I never really realized how much of an impact that was having on other kids' lives. And still to this day, I'm not sure how much on an impact I really had.","And you wrote in your piece that this was your choice. You didn't have a stage mom and stage dad. This was something you wanted to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : He is glad that he is not so famous that he is recognized everywhere he goes all of the time."} +{"dialogue":["It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely.","To resist - that's what we're hearing - that so much blood has been spilled, so many lives have been lost that to turn back now is unthinkable to many of those people we're speaking to on the ground, Rachel.","CNN's Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN covering Sudan. She joined us from London on Skype. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The military council is not trustworthy and will not allow observers to carry out their job"} +{"dialogue":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The protesters in Hong Kong are fighting to maintain their current level of freedom, not to gain more freedom."} +{"dialogue":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Ponzi schemes have been around for a long time and will continue to exist."} +{"dialogue":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Passing a bill without measures to prevent negative consequences is not taking action."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Not soup, but they have to study the situation to see if it will be good or be trouble."} +{"dialogue":["Right. So this is a very powerful story, also. And I think that this story is about the way that women devour their own, in some ways, and - particularly in small towns and in towns where sex is seen as a detriment.","Yeah. There were a few stories in here that I did not love, and there was a moment where I was starting to question your judgment in pulling them all together, I will confess. And then I got to one titled \"To The North,\" and it just knocked me out. I mean, it's about a boy and his summers on the beach and how he grows into a man. And his character is forming. It's fantastic if I - in my view. And I gather it's one of your favorites, as well.","It is my very favorite in the book. But you know, also - so part of what our arguments were - were about showing sort of the larger artistic growth of a writer. And so I have to admit there are some stories in this that aren't my favorite, either, but they seemed important in terms of Nancy Hale as a round person and showing her work through time. \"To The North\" is exquisite. I just found it full of repressed longing.","Yeah. I mean, I wonder to you, as someone who writes very well-received short stories, is it inspiring, or is it daunting to come across somebody else who could write a short story that was pretty darn near perfect?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Nancy Hale is a person that has a great many different capabilities and interests."} +{"dialogue":["Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.","Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.","Sylvia, thanks very much.","Thank you, Renee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Matteo Renzi's sharp wit is perceived as obnoxious by non-Tuscans"} +{"dialogue":["So this didn't happen overnight. Russian agents start making covert research visits to the United States all the way back in 2014. They used that information to then begin these social media accounts about different political issues, and they start gaining momentum, getting hundreds, then thousands, then hundreds of thousands of likes and follows, even gaining legitimacy and reach by getting retweets and engagement from people in President Trump's orbit, people like Kellyanne Conway, Donald Trump Jr. , engaged with this content.","And then you think back to 2016 when these social media companies were basically saying, we don't have much of a role in election interference. And this report really shows that that's not true. This content was seen by as many as 126 million people on Facebook alone.","Now let's talk about the issue of hacking the Democratic National Committee and Hillary Clinton's campaign. What does the report say there?","So this section got really technical, but the report detailed exactly how these Russian agents ended up getting a hold of these emails that ended up on WikiLeaks. It all starts with a phishing campaign. They're able to break into the account of one account holder with the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, and they basically leveraged that access into being able to start exploring the entire Democratic national party network between the DNC and the DCCC."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There are no idiomatic expressions or figurative language in this turn."} +{"dialogue":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C. - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The parlor is small despite seating for seven."} +{"dialogue":["I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.","And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.","So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.","It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.","Does Iran have control over its proxies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Iran's proxy organizations pose a serious threat to the US and its allies"} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely not - no deal. You know, Congress recognized, when the Environmental Protection Agency was established in 1970, that California was the first to set their own car standards, even before we had a federal agency dealing with air pollution. And they have allowed California, for the last 50 years, to set emission standards that are more stringent than the federal government. So California has been the laboratory of innovation when it comes to reducing emissions from cars.","Is the auto industry essentially telling the Trump White House it's going to be - it's going to create market instability for us to have to manufacture according to U. S. national standards and California national standards?","That's one of the issues. But it's more than that. Because if the Trump administration moves forward rolling back the standards, California and 18 other states that reflect more than 50% or 60% of the car sales in the country will challenge that decision in courts. And it will take three to four years. . .","Oh."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : So California has been where innovation has been occuring and tested."} +{"dialogue":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S. to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The Russian government does not get many chances for people to see them all over the world."} +{"dialogue":["Unidentified Woman #5: Oh, I'm afraid my boyfriend will come back from Iraq and not like the person that he sees, just remember me and all of my quirks through text instead of through reality.","Unidentified Woman #6: I'd rather deny who I was than face my grandma not talking to me anymore.","Unidentified Woman #7: When I'm with the guys, I joke around about checking out other girls with them, but I'm not really joking because I'm gay.","Those secrets were confessed into Martina Castro's microphone. She's a producer based in San Francisco. The \"Post Secret\" exhibit will be on display in Northern California until April 19th. You can see some of those postcards at our blog, npr. org\/daydreaming."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : She does not want to deal with her grandmother no longer speaking to her."} +{"dialogue":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It's not a check of the gut but of the person's true opinions and feelings."} +{"dialogue":["And the early history of baseball is replete with teams that raided other teams for their catchers.","Oh, and particularly in the 1870s that the best teams were the ones with the best catchers. You really couldn't be successful without one. And Deacon White stood above everybody else to the point where he played on five consecutive championship teams. And he went from team to team and the championship just followed him around wherever he went.","He was quite a good hitter too.","He was a great hitter. He was a way above-average hitter, playing a position where, you know, the defense was so all-encompassing as a skill that you could, you know, you could really just put anybody there if they could field the position and not worry about their bat. But he was a consistent . 300 and above hitter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : hitter refers to as a skilled gamer or sportsman "} +{"dialogue":["Now, the beauty of this country, though, is that when you represent those groups, I'd say that they're just really upset with this administration for the things that you pointed out, this is why they get to participate in this process. Now, we have another election. And that's why I believe those who have the boldness and the courage to run for president should also have the boldness and the courage to go to stages that aren't typically their turf.","That is Bob Vander Plaats. He's the CEO of The Family Leader. That's a conservative political organization based in Iowa. He's issued invitations to the top seven polling Democrats to come and speak to his group in July. And he was kind enough to speak to us from Urbandale, Iowa.","Mr. Vander Plaats, thanks so much for talking to us. Keep us posted about your plans, if you would.","Will do."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Represented groups are unhappy with the current administration but can still participate in the political process"} +{"dialogue":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr. Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Trust must be built before a homeless individual will accept a vaccine from the government."} +{"dialogue":["Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S. State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.","Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D. in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.","When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Jews are still seen as outsiders in Poland due to a history of anti-Semitism."} +{"dialogue":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr. Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S. and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S. military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There are skeptics who believe that Russia is not at the center of allegations and the U.S. and the West are overreacting with a Cold War mentality."} +{"dialogue":["And that would work quite well.","Her instructions are easy. Mush up your beans, mixing in lemon, oil, salt and cumin. Then add the garnish. Through the magic of radio, we'll fast-forward to the important part.","Now you can taste and see if the seasoning is right.","Taste and see. Wow, it's flavorful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is important to taste the food to ensure proper seasoning"} +{"dialogue":["Right.","Just a little.","You could put honey. . .","Yeah. Agave just. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : \"You could put honey...\" This turn could be interpreted as a suggestion to sweeten something with honey, but it could also be interpreted as a suggestion to improve or make something more appealing."} +{"dialogue":["It is. And there's actually - turns out, there's a lot of responsibility with that because there are spectators everywhere. There are cameras everywhere. There's high winds, of course. They have to watch out for that. And anybody who doesn't stop when the yellow jersey stops, they're - they get in big trouble. And anybody who pees when there is too much wind or when they're in a group stuck somewhere, there are repercussions for people who sort of break these secret pee rules.","What other anecdotes do you have from other sports?","Well, the way I like to put this is there are nearly 3 billion gallons of urine evacuated on earth every day. And my reporting discovered that it seems like most of it ends up on an NFL field somewhere. Really, at any given moment, on an NFL sideline, there are probably a handful of players relieving themselves. They're sort of hiding in plain sight, whether they're going behind a towel or just going into their football pants or going behind an equipment case. You know, there are maybe 10 different techniques that football players relieve themselves during NFL games.","And wait, did you actually say that some of them just pee their pants?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"yellow jersey\" - this refers to the leader of the Tour de France race and is not a literal yellow-colored shirt."} +{"dialogue":["A lawsuit was filed this week in federal court on behalf of a man who moved from Puerto Rico to Southeast Georgia in 2017. He applied for a driver's license after waiting at the required 30 days. The man, Kenneth Caban Gonzalez, says that an inspector from the Georgia Department of Driver Services confiscated his documents and asked him a number of trivia questions such as, who is Roberto Clemente, and what is the name of the frog native only to Puerto Rico?He alleges he also asked trick questions such as, where is Caguas beach?There is no beach in Caguas.","The lawsuit accuses the state of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U. S. states. The advocacy group Latino Justice is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights. And with us now is Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center.","Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The trivia questions asked by the inspector were discriminatory towards Puerto Ricans."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think he needs to do a lot of things. We first have to realize that we've got in the pipeline climate change, and we're committed to a few more degrees of warming, kind of, no matter what we do, so we have to have an adaptation strategy. How are we going to protect coast lines against intensified hurricanes?How we're going to deal with the increased fires in the West?What are we going to do with melting glaziers?","We've got to do that regardless of climate policy. To try to control emissions, we have to deal adaptation. The second thing is we have to use our energy more efficiently. We need building codes. So what we're going to have to do is to nationalize the kind of California activities where everybody has to participate and it's not just a random lottery of states values. Then finally, we have to help the brilliant American industry to be able to invent our way out of the problem through cheaper solar machines and better grids for wind machines. And we need incentives. We'll need loan guarantees.","I mean, if we can spend almost a trillion dollars bailing out some greedy people who messed up in an under-regulated environment, how about spending a tenth that much trying to produce green jobs, and at the same time, reduce our dependence on foreign oil and help the environment.","How do you think our current economic situation is going to affect efforts to curb global warming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : the phrase \"they were exchanging\" is likely an understatement for the violent and potentially deadly exchanges happening between the security forces and protesters. "} +{"dialogue":["And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.","Likewise, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda, when people visit those on - ecotourist adventures, they're not allowed to come closer than within about 15 feet. The gorillas are habituated. They're perfectly happy to have people nearby.","But the people who manage those gorilla populations are concerned that diseases, human diseases, will spill over into the mountain gorillas, which are an endangered subspecies and have a relatively small gene pool. So, yes, we have to be careful that we don't give diseases to wildlife also, especially wildlife that's closely related to us and that's endangered.","It seemed like many of the viruses you talk about in this book spilled over from bats, and I don't think of them as close relations to us particularly. But do we have. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The mountain gorillas are habituated to humans and tourists, but human diseases could harm them."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : \"It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.\" Implication: The Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago was planned before the security breach involving a Chinese woman with multiple passports and hard drives."} +{"dialogue":["And then bringing production back to the United States is not possible and realistic because we don't have a labor pool here. The president is closing the borders to low-skill labor. So who's going to make the product?","Now, if President Trump does go through with imposing tariffs on toy imports from China after the holiday season - let me ask you - could you afford to maintain most of your production in China still?","Well, we really won't have a choice but to find a way to afford it. And the one way to afford it is, we will have to, at some point during the course of 2020, begin to pass the tariffs along to the consumer.","So how much of a price hike are we talking for, say, like, a Cutetito?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The US does not have enough low-skilled labor to bring production back and imposing tariffs will make it difficult to manufacture products in China."} +{"dialogue":["What happened with Dr. Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Experiencing trauma and distress due to memories of the abuse"} +{"dialogue":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Vice Chancellor Strache has not denied any of the assertions"} +{"dialogue":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The books were released on inauguration day may have been significant"} +{"dialogue":["Well, not really. I think the crowd that came here early in the day were peaceful. But this march was illegal from the beginning. The police never gave their authorization. So they had essentially warned everyone that anyone coming would be sort of in violation of the law. And so from early on, things were kind of chaotic. I think protesters have sort of dug in for what they had assumed would be a pretty violent night.","I've been seeing people basically pulling up bricks from the sidewalk and putting them in carts. I've seen people arm themselves with various iron rods and also umbrellas and create sort of shields out of wood that they found everywhere. I think what you're starting to see - you know, digging in on both sides here, between the police and also the protesters.","Are the protesters a cross section of Hong Kong, or are they one demographic, if you please?","Well, I think, today, I've actually seen quite a mixed crowd, which was sort of unexpected because, obviously, this march is - this protest was illegal. So we didn't really expect sort of to see kids or elderly people. But I have seen them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful."} +{"dialogue":["OK. Let's start with those navigators you spoke of. Now, in what way have they been considered quite necessary?","So the navigators give people in-person one on one help to help choose a health plan and to sign up. And, you know, health insurance is very confusing. There's deductibles. There are the premiums. There are copayments, so it's really hard to know what services you're going to get and what it's really going to cost. But HHS says after several years, they aren't really necessary anymore because now people understand insurance better, so they don't need that kind of intensive help. Navigator defenders, though, don't agree because they say now their role is to get to those people who still after all these years haven't gotten insurance.","The ones that in a way are most confused. . .","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Despite HHS claiming people understand insurance better, navigators still play an important role in helping uninsured individuals choose health plans"} +{"dialogue":["I don't have inside knowledge of what happened in the Ukraine matter, but it's clear to me that Yovanovitch was following the instructions that she was given by the State Department and she may have run afoul of whatever scheme Rudy Giuliani and likely the president were trying to play out in Ukraine.","Diplomacy is not a partisan issue between Democrats and Republicans. It's about serving American national interests. And I'm confident that's what Yovanovitch was trying to do.","The letter you and other foreign service professionals signed seemed to express particular concern about the implications, possible implications for replacing Ambassador Yovanovitch might have for the entire foreign service.","That's right. The letter was signed for two reasons; first, because many of the signatories know Yovanovitch, know her to be a person of impeccable integrity, someone who has served for more than three decades - both Republicans and Democrats - and has always done so with great distinction and received numerous awards and accolades for her work. But there's a larger issue here that goes beyond Yovanovitch."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting."} +{"dialogue":["I think myself and Terrell Tilford and Addis Art Gallery, we started to create a wonderful sort of section and really watched the neighborhood change. You know, you change from the car repair shops and you get little cafes and so on. And, unfortunately, what happens with most artists is that you make a place more beautiful, and everybody puts the rent up.","So, off to the eastern outpost of Atwater Village, which had one gallery when I got there two years ago, which now has - it's about to open its seventh gallery. So, I think I've got a track record of bringing good stuff with me.","Tell us about the kind of artists you represent?","Well, one of the things - just before I do that, I think it also sort of represents your neighborhood as well because the clientele that comes in the door is considerably different. And so, I have now Armenians and Asians and Africans, and it's exactly how I pictured it in my mind. And it's coming true there.","The artists that I show are basically artists of the African Diaspora, number one. The fact that I am an Angelino, and I live in Los Angeles, I show Angelino artists, as well. If you happen to be an immigrant who lives in Los Angeles, and you're a fantastic artist, I am very happy to see your work as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The narrator can visualized the art like how all artists done. "} +{"dialogue":["I think that with that time, you just need to map it out and make sure that you stay busy. Because if you don't, there's a lot of other elements, you know, inside, that could possibly corrupt you. And you might not only lose your freedom, you might end up losing your life. So you've got to be really careful while you're in there.","Now your song \"It's Real\" deals with a really heavy topic: AIDS.","Right.","Let's take a listen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The song It's Real addresses a serious issue."} +{"dialogue":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The cost of the store's offerings is out of reach for most of the people in the neighborhood, while the Versace shop does not offer any affordable items."} +{"dialogue":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Some people criticize Zane's work for being explicit about black sexuality."} +{"dialogue":["Tell us the story, Butch, behind this recording?","Oh, I was asked to come and work for ORT, or Orchestra, regionally, della Toscana. I was told I could have three days, three hours a day, to instruct the orchestra in the ways and means of conduction, and I refused for a long time.","For months I refused to do it because it's quite a stressful thing, I think, for most conductors who get three days to conduct something they already know with an orchestra that already knows the work, but for me to teach this way of working in nine hours, I thought, was going to be a little too stressful, so I refused.","Finally, I accepted, and I encountered the problems I thought I was going to encounter. First of all, the orchestra walked into rehearsal for the first time in their life where there was no music notation and no music stands, and they kind of freaked out because most musicians, especially symphonic players, go to rehearsal, and there's music and music stands."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The orchestra was not used to rehearsing without sheet music and music stands."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, it was highly publicized. Its image got all over the world.","And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The object is a tower that is very tall and has a sharp point at the end."} +{"dialogue":["Well, this is where this gets controversial, is that about half the attorneys general in the United States say they will not feel nearly enough pain. Forbes magazine puts their wealth at around $13 billion, and a lot of that money will not be touched by this deal. There's also no admission of wrongdoing here, David. And that angers a lot of people. And remember, the Sackler family, we've seen over the last year, they really - members of the family played a very forward role in bringing OxyContin, but also other opioid medications, into the mainstream. Two hundred and eighteen thousand Americans have died from this prescription opioid epidemic alone. And so the fact that they're not feeling more personal sting here, that's controversial.","Well, and you mentioned a lot of attorneys general are not satisfied with this result. I mean, does that mean they could really keep this going, this could mean that this is not over at all for the Sacklers?","Yeah. So New York Attorney General Letitia James announced, just on Friday, that the Sackler family had wired about a billion dollars to offshore accounts. She talks about Swiss bank accounts. So they're looking for that money, and they say they'll keep piling suits directly to family members.","Well, and we're talking about Purdue Pharma. They actually didn't - I mean, a fairly small producer of opioids, right?There are other drugmakers out there, distributors, pharmacies. Does this bankruptcy impact all of them in some way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : 'They'll keep piling suits directly to family members' would be written in the literal sense as 'plaintiffs will file several lawsuits against family members directly'"} +{"dialogue":["I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.","Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N. high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.","As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N. report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N. has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.","That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Guaido sees the U.N. report as supporting his claim of dictatorship"} +{"dialogue":["Tell me about it.","I was teaching in a program called Community Studies, which was an interdisciplinary program, work-study program. You'd go to school for a while, and then you'd go out and work, and then you'd come back and write about it. And there was a woman enrolled in one of my classes who had four kids, and a husband in San Quentin. Her third husband, by whom she had no kids. This was in the 1980s, when San Quentin was experimenting with conjugal visits. She'd say, Mr. Young, I won't be in class because it's conjugal visiting day at the 'Q'. And so I finally ask her about it. And her body language was of two kinds. She was smiling and obviously joyous when she talked about how it was to go see her husband once a month.","And then her body language changed and she got very severe, and she sat up in her seat across from my desk, and she said, and when I get back to my - to Santa Cruz, and I'm trying to do my schoolwork and take care of my kids, do my job, he can't mess with me because he's locked up in the joint. And this kind of thing. So she had obviously solved her problems. She had her man, but you know, she didn't have to put up with him all the time. But the subtext of it is about our society's policy of just warehousing people, so it's a matter of priorities.","In your work as not just a poet but as a teacher, what's your mission?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The woman in the program had to balance schoolwork, work, and taking care of her kids while also visiting her husband in prison"} +{"dialogue":["If you stand outside the old DeKalb County Courthouse in Decatur, Ga. , you can't miss the 30-foot-tall obelisk erected there in 1908. It's a monument to Confederate soldiers, and its inscription calls those men part of a, quote, \"covenant keeping race,\" praising them as men of virtues in peace and in war.","Well, as of this month, there's now a contextualizing plaque alongside that obelisk. It reads, in part, this monument and similar ones were created to intimidate African Americans and limit their full participation in the social and political life of their communities. That marker was approved by vote of the DeKalb County Board of Commissioners. And county Commissioner Lorraine Cochran-Johnson joins us to talk about that decision.","Welcome to the program.","Thanks so much, Melissa. I am happy to be here.","The original vote by the county commission was to remove that Confederate obelisk, but ultimately, that ran up against a state law in Georgia. What does that state law say?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : You may not actually want to be here."} +{"dialogue":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency"} +{"dialogue":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W. Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Many of my friends are in a difficult position deciding whether to vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton."} +{"dialogue":["I think that some of the red lines for the Europeans relate to what Iran has threatened to do in its next phase of so-called noncompliance with this nuclear deal. And that relates to increasing the percentage threshold currently in place for enriching uranium. This is going to be a critical aspect of how Iran can expand its nuclear program. And that's where we might see the Europeans escalating this issue at the U. N. Security Council.","But we're definitely seeing the rhetoric and the sounds from Tehran escalate as the U. S. pressure campaign mounts on.","That's Ellie Geranmayeh of the European Council on Foreign Relations. Thank you for joining us.","Pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Iran has threatened to increase uranium enrichment, which may result in European escalation at the U.N. Security Council"} +{"dialogue":[". . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.","Why do you think this is happening now?","What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.","If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them."} +{"dialogue":["So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24\/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.","You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.","Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.","We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that people have become so used to not prioritizing sleep that they are violating their own basic human right. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, interestingly enough, Tracy and Amy have actually played husband and wife eight previous times in different productions. And so many of the audience members come in and actually mistake them for a real couple, which they are not, unlike Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, who were a real couple. And so it's interesting. Onstage they do come across as two people who have been together forever with all of those ineffable qualities of love and marriage and cruelty.","I'll put the plot just this way: a small college town dinner party from hell, in which the host and hostess play destructive verbal games. So, how do you get an audience to watch a three-hour play of a dinner party that they'd probably want to leave from as soon as possible?","There's a lot of wit. Of course, Edward Albee's classic play. And on stage, they're in this confined space. Unlike the film, they can't the leave the room. They can't get in the car and drive around. And so I think they rely a lot on their physicality and the comedy of that, the destruction of that. It's really interesting to see them sort of reinterpret this play just in one space with completely new characters. And it's as if this play were written five years ago instead of 50.","To the best of your knowledge, did they update it or is it just that, is it that penetrating?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : none"} +{"dialogue":["Well, we've been calling the local hospitals. We've been following social media, posting missing persons ads. I think my cousin and I are going to be trying to head up there in about a week if we haven't found him and post missing persons on our car and just sort of drive around the areas up there in hopes that maybe we'll get some word.","What's he look like?What should we know about him?","He's a private man. He's lived in Paradise for over 40 years. He's very friendly. He's kind. Long hair, full beard. I guess he's about 5'10\". Thin, maybe 160 to 170 - I would guess somewhere around there.","Yeah. And how are your parents doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : he must be a stranger and this situation some one is missing"} +{"dialogue":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The past compensations for financial firms have been excessive."} +{"dialogue":["They're tackling it backwards. At the end of the day, put in age verification because otherwise, every teenager would be drinking beer and going to the liquor store four, five times a day. Put in age verification. Make sure - and keep those companies - and hold them accountable. But if you put in age verification as an adult product, that is all you need to do.","So how much business do you stand to lose once this ban on thousands of flavors goes into effect?","That remains to be seen. I don't know. And I don't think it will go into effect. I think, at the end of the day, cooler heads will prevail because what's going to happen is you have to have the understanding and the knowledge and have all the information available to you prior to making such a drastic statement and doing something that will ultimately drive most people back to cigarettes.","We have literally, you know, destroyed the actual tobacco category as we know it because we gave them a vastly less harmful alternative. And that is what we are very proud of, and that is exactly what we're trying to continue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Nothing is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way."} +{"dialogue":["I see.","Yeah. And it goes around about once an hour. So what they did was they went to Pacific Northwest Bell and had the engineers there create a wireless telephone. So the Space Needle actually had wireless phones in 1962. You could sit down. You could make a call. There was a radio pickup in the wall, and they would connect you then to the operator so you could call out.","Mm-hmm. I was - I took a visit to the Space Needle yesterday. And I'm - being a geek myself, I was really enthralled with the technology and just this - the pure nuts and bolts that are holding it together. I remember walking out and seeing this giant nut and - screw and nut holding it - it's bolted to the ground. Of course, being a geek, I wanted to know the size of the wrench it took to do that.","But that seemed to be very, very simple, and it seems to be holding up very, very well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The person loves science and anything related to it and is intelligent."} +{"dialogue":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Hurricane Dorian caused extensive damage and loss of life."} +{"dialogue":["Mr. O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.","Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.","We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.","David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms to follow the money will lead to waste, fraud, and corruption"} +{"dialogue":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr. Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without."} +{"dialogue":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There was a failure to provide appropriate medical care for Carlos Hernandez Vasquez."} +{"dialogue":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The successful landing of the rocket's first stage is a major achievement for SpaceX and represents a significant advancement in reusable rocket technology."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","You know, again, as you say. . .","Door to door is about it.","And that's about it. And by the time everybody realized the scope of this disaster, it was too late. You could not evacuate people in time. And so it was basically described as an unleashed monster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control."} +{"dialogue":[". . . Exactly correct. And when it comes to hostages, there is a clear U. S. policy. We do not pay ransom. We do not make concessions. When it comes to political prisoners, it's much more murky.","To your knowledge, was any money given to North Korea in association with the release of Otto Warmbier, however it's characterized?","Not that I'm aware. I would personally be surprised if the Trump administration actually paid that invoice. However, again, when we were negotiating and trying to put the framework together for the release of Otto Warmbier, we were coupling it with a bigger package of bringing back remains of U. S. servicemen, of helping a little bit with flood-related areas in north North Korea, which was back then hit really hard - not to the North Korean government, but through humanitarian organizations. And that compiles this package of humanitarian interest, mutual humanitarian interest that - it's a bunch of gestures of goodwill that ends up getting with what you want.","What does this week's news tell us about how the Trump administration deals with these types of situations?Because the president likes to suggest that his techniques are very different from that of his predecessors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The U.S. government used a package of humanitarian gestures to negotiate the release of Otto Warmbier."} +{"dialogue":["Mm hmm.","Interracial relationships, though, may still be controversial to some degree. How do you see the difference if you see one between interracial relationships today and the way they were when you were doing Society's Child?","You know, it's a huge difference from my viewpoint. There will always be those people who are just backward and ignorant. There will always be those people. They need somebody to feel superior to. For my point of view, I live in Nashville, Tennessee, there's no way I could have lived in Nashville at 16 in 1966, '67. There's no way that Nashville would have had room for somebody like me then. I see interracial couples all the time in Nashville. I'm a Jew in Nashville. I'm a gay person in Nashville. It's a non-issue in most of the time. That's a huge leap forward.","(Singing) You come to my door, baby, Your face is clean and shinning, black as night. My momma went to answer, You know, that you looked so kind. Now, I could understand the tears and the shame, She called you, boy, instead of your name, When she wouldn't let you inside, When she turned and said, \"But, honey, he's not our kind. \"She says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : she says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore."} +{"dialogue":["Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son was photographed meeting the crown prince earlier this week. For a lot of people, it was heart-rending to see. And it was announced shortly after he'd be allowed to travel to the U. S. We gather, according to reports, he's arrived there. Is it possible someone told him pose with the prince and you can get out of here?","Absolutely. There's no question. The royal family had banned him from traveling since his father had left the kingdom to go into exile. And there had to be a lot of behind-the-scenes maneuvering, including requests specifically by the United States and Secretary of State Pompeo to allow him to leave the country and join his brothers in the United States. Three of Khashoggi's sons are American citizens, and I gather the fourth son was not.","The head of the CIA, Gina Haspel, was in Turkey this week being briefed. What do we know about what she was told and what she did?","Well, the CIA hasn't provided specifics, but it's been widely reported that she listened to this alleged tape of Jamal's last moments and what happened to him inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. I mean, this is going to be a pivotal moment for the Trump administration. It has to make a very hard call - what to do about an ally that has been pivotal in three of President Trump's five most important foreign policy goals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The United States government intervened to secure the safe departure of Jamal Khashoggi's son, despite the Saudi royal family's ban on his travel."} +{"dialogue":["And there are two things I think that are really important to remember. The first is that those people are still held accountable. They still plead guilty to crimes. And they often do prison sentences that are very long - not as long as people who don't cooperate. But they often really do - they really do get punished for that.","The second thing is when you think about the most serious cases the president talks about all the time, like MS-13, you simply couldn't make those cases without cooperators. You need people on the inside because things like gangs are highly secretive organizations. And so you need to understand where drugs are coming from, where money's coming from, how violence is committed and by whom. And so it really is essential. You know, it's an unsavory part of the criminal justice system. But it's a part that becomes very important to get serious crimes prosecuted.","OK. Anne Milgram, former federal prosecutor and attorney general of New Jersey, now a professor at New York University Law School, thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about."} +{"dialogue":["I think they have put a scare into people enough that they'd approve almost anything, and that's unfortunate. But I think we rely on our leadership. Cal Rapson, who is our vice president, has been in General Motors his entire life. I worked with Cal when I was here as a president. I think he understands the needs of auto workers, understands what GM can do and what they can't do, and I think, if we follow his leadership along with Ron Getelfinger, we're not going to be in too bad a shape.","You worked at a GM plant for 32 years. What you're seeing right now, how does that compare to what you've seen in the past?There have been troubled times before.","Never have seen anything to this magnitude. Well, my local has gone from 14,000 members to 2,000. When I was here, we were worrying about what was our next product, not worrying about whether we were going to have a product.","And so, for some of the workers that are there now with you at this UAW hall currently employed, what are they talking about?Are they coming up with a plan B in case this doesn't happen and they don't have jobs?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured."} +{"dialogue":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The congressional committees are trying to gain public attention and support for their investigations, while Mueller is working in the shadows and his findings will only be revealed when it is time to take legal action."} +{"dialogue":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The jungle was transformed by early civilizations through farming, terracing, irrigation, and building."} +{"dialogue":["Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.","So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?","Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.","Ms. JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The government's backing of Fannie and Freddie's debts lowered mortgage rates, but Lehman's struggles may reverse this progress."} +{"dialogue":["Look. I think there is a very, very big leap between candidate Trump in 2016 saying, Russia, if you can hear this, show us the emails, and President Trump using his awesome powers to coerce a foreign government into interfering in our elections. You know, his defense to the Mueller report was that, yeah, Russia may have interfered but that he had nothing to do with it. If this story is true, here we have the president trying to force a foreign government to work with him against his political opponent in the United States. That's beyond unacceptable.","And you say, if it's true. . .","And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Forcing a foreign government to work as per your choice is unacceptable"} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so."} +{"dialogue":["In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.","They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?","It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.","And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : that the asylum seekers may be facing problems in their attempt to get to Canada, due to their association with Snowden."} +{"dialogue":["Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S. State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.","Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D. in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.","When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The new law signed by the president of Poland will stifle discussions on the atrocities committed by Poles against Jews during the Holocaust."} +{"dialogue":["Are we talking about resveratrol here?","Well, the resveratrol discovery was about 10 years ago. We, my colleagues and I, made that discovery. But what we've done since then is use that as a - just a stepping stone, a proof of concept to make much more potent synthetic drug-like molecules that are just in the beginnings of human clinical trials. And this paper is about the finding that these molecules from grapes and the synthetics all seem to work through this one particular gene, genetic pathway we call the sirtuin pathway.","Let's back up a little bit and talk about the study you did in mice. What did you find - what did you give the mice, and what did you find there?","Well, originally we found resveratrol just in a test tube, looking for molecules that would turn on this enzyme, this protein that seems to defend against diseases in aging. We then moved to nematode worms and flies. We've done some work with bees even. The mouse study was in 2006."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : a stepping stone is not a litereral stone, but is an intermediate step in a process that leads to another. "} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, because, particularly when you're talking about tipped industries, where if somebody has a bad experience and they leave you zero dollars, that's your rent money. You get paid $2. 13 an hour. And particularly on alcohol-fueled public holiday, it gets even a little sketchier because you never know who's going to have, like, a fight with their friends, and nobody remembers the tip. And it's not that you did anything. It's just that drunk people are less frequently reliable as far as social norms.","You wrote a very successful book a couple of years ago, and now you're a professional writer. What are the holidays like for you now?","Oh, man, I do nothing. It's fantastic. I don't think I'm ever going to have the inclination to do a lot of work around the holidays because, to me, luxury is not doing a whole lot of anything. And it's - it's good to see the kids. That's a huge difference. I never saw the kids near the holidays. My youngest is 3. You know, seeing a 3-year-old on Christmas is pretty amazing - and not having to stress about the bills. The holidays were often the worst times of the year because you have so much extra social expectation and spending that needs to be done. You can be cheery and merry if you're not calculating in the back of your head the nickels.","So tonight, when - when people are out to have a good time, they should remember the servers that they deal with this. This is a living for them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : (1) Implies that people who work in the tipped industry suffer financially when they don't receive tips, as the low wages don't cover the costs of their rent."} +{"dialogue":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There are not pieces on a table but there are happenings in countries that are open for negotiation."} +{"dialogue":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, I'm Ira Flatow. Remember the meteor that exploded over Siberia and the asteroid that took a close swing by our planet?You also remember that these things happened on Friday, the same day. Congressman Lamar Smith, chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, called these two events a stark reminder of the need to invest in space science. He says we need to study and track near-Earth asteroids and invest in research on how to protect our planet from space rocks.","But with the nation collectively tightening its belt and with $85 billion in automatic spending cuts going into effect today, the sequester deadline, where's the money going to come from?Representative Lamar Smith is a Republican from the 21st District of Texas. He is chair of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. He joins us by phone from San Antonio. A shout-out to Texas Public Radio, San Antonio and Austin, one of our two most powerful stations is your district, Congressman. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","I'm glad to hear it, Ira. Good to be with you and your listeners, as well.","Thank you. You're going to have a hearing soon, is that right, to discuss. . . ?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Congressman Lamar Smith believes that recent space events are a reminder to invest in space science."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .","Right.",". . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.","Well, we wish you good luck, Dr. Braam."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They want to design a way to keep plants's internal system working even when they are indoors."} +{"dialogue":["They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.","That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?","Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.","What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I don't (laughter) know if it's going to be forever unique in that way. We have this evidence now of President Trump making calls along these lines. And you get a lot of - I got a lot of criticism. Sometimes for being too soft, sometimes for being too harsh. I'm banned from Russia by Vladimir Putin because we successfully prosecuted an international arms dealer named Viktor Bout. I was personally attacked by President Erdogan of Turkey because we prosecuted somebody that, you know, he had connections to in an indirect way.","I'm glad you mentioned Turkey's president. What happened in a different country, in a different system, when there was a prosecution of someone named Reza Zarrab, and it became a matter of political interest?","So Reza Zarrab was a gold trader, Iranian but also from Turkey, who was being prosecuted along with other folks in Turkey for various, you know, elements of misconduct. And those cases were made to go away because he was politically connected to two people who were close to Erdogan.","What did President Erdogan of Turkey do to make that case go away?","Well, he exercised his power in a country that doesn't have the same constitutional protections that America has. He relieved judges of their duty. He removed prosecutors from office. He shut down media outlets. And the case went away. Literally, the case was made to go away. Now, that is not something we've seen in this country and hopefully we'll never see in this country. And it's harder to accomplish in this country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge."} +{"dialogue":["It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen.","So on the one hand, they're killing people and on the other hand they're still children.",">>JAL They are still children, but, you know, they've been - they've grown really fast in terms of - to be trained to be killing machines because - the only thing is children don't know you die once. And also - AK is also a terrible gun that has been invented because young people can carry the gun - 8 years old can fire an AK47 that's as good as a 20-year-old.","How did you get out of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Children are being trained to be killing machines, and a gun was invented that is easy for young people to use, leading to more violence."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you for having me.","You all have investigated conditions at these facilities and concluded that Customs and Border Protection should stop detaining migrants there altogether - right?- in the Rio Grande Valley Sector. Can you just describe what you've seen?","Well, we conducted over 120 interviews with migrants, and we've heard pretty horrendous stories, from being denied access to water to being held outdoors in a pen for three days without access to showers or medicine for children. The conditions are pretty horrific.","You mentioned you've interviewed families seeking asylum there. Can you give an example of a story that stuck with you - someone talking about what it was like to try and get health care treatment that they need?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Migrants are suffering from inhumane conditions in detention centers."} +{"dialogue":["Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.","Who pioneered that change?","Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.","How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently."} +{"dialogue":["So you can actually go to their job section and look for opportunities with the Office of Personnel Management using their website. Now they say that these are for non-career positions, whether in the White House, or in any federal department, agency, or commission. So this is interesting. I mean you just fill out the form below and you know, right on this website. I'm looking at it right now, and submit if you think you should be working for Obama and Biden.","It looks like - and other folks on NPR have spoken about this as well. There are so many questions - basically you have to have apparently lived a life of a saint in order to be able to pass some of these. . .","Some way of putting it.","Litmus tests. I mean is that really true or does it just seem that way because they really ask you basically have you ever jaywalked, have you ever - of course, not literally, but kind of.","Right, right. Well, I mean the point is this. Look, why waste time?I mean they're going to do what they need to do to process applications the way the federal government would do anyway. So why waste the time?The point is be transparent. I think what they're also trying to say here is send a message, be transparent with us because we're going to find out one way or the other. We're going to look at - if we really seriously are looking at considering hiring somebody, we're going to look at their online footprint, and I do think that they actually do mean that. They are going to look at that online footprint."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The requirements for these positions are very strict and may seem excessive."} +{"dialogue":["If Beijing could have its way, David, what do you think they would want to do with Hong Kong?What would they want from Hong Kong?","Well, we know they would like Hong Kong to basically focus on money and making money and not worry about politics at all. That was the model. I mean, it's a comparison that Beijing would hate. But the truth is they basically treat it like a colony. It used to be a British colony. It's now a colony of China. And like any well-behaved colony, you're meant to focus on getting rich, making money and not worry about politics.","And David, just briefly, what happens in 2047, 50 years after Britain hands Hong Kong back to China?What happens then?","Well, then the promise of one country, two systems falls away, but the truth is they're going to try and chip away as in all kinds of small and subtle ways before then. We're also going to see probably more mainland immigration into Hong Kong - would be one way of diluting Hong Kong's kind of will to resist. But let's not underestimate an amazing thing that happened. There is a piece of China that gets free press, that knows what's happening, that is allowed to protest - not allowed where I'm sitting in Beijing - and they said, no, and the government backed off. And that's an absolutely extraordinary thing that can only happen in Hong Kong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Hong Kong's autonomy is being gradually eroded before the 2047 deadline"} +{"dialogue":["And no nearby bases as there were in Italy. Yet there's also the case of - it's going to be very difficult to get international or at least United Nations backing for an intervention in Syria.","That's right. The chances of getting that past Russia and China, I think, are - that would be a very, very heavy lift. You had - when Bill Clinton went to war in Kosovo, he knew that he couldn't get Russia to approve that through the U. N. Security Council. And instead what he said was that I'll get the approval of NATO. So it won't just be an American mission. This will be a multilateral venture. So it's not just the United States saying that the United States is acting in the name of humanity. It's a whole lot more governments also saying the same thing. And I think that gives it an added credibility and added legitimacy.","As you mentioned, the Arab League supported the campaign against Gadhafi in Libya. In the present-day case with Syria, the chances of getting something through the Security Council are harder and in part because China and Russia feel as though the U. N. Security Council approval, which is sort of the standard for international legitimacy, that the U. N. Security Council resolution that they approved was to stop potential mass killing but not necessarily to overthrow Gadhafi's regime.","That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Getting past Russia and China to get approval would be a very hard thing to do."} +{"dialogue":["He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S. attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.","Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?","We have spoken with one person who had hired him as his financial adviser. It was a former Delta pilot. Apparently, a group of Delta pilots had brought him on board to manage their money. He had lost several thousand - well, thousands of dollars, but I think that is small compared to some of the larger investors.","Carol Robinson of the Birmingham News in Alabama, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person being talked about made a fake emergency call"} +{"dialogue":["What about the government ordering banks to rewrite some of these loans, or mandating them, I should say, or even buying back these loans?","Well, mandating is tough. I mean, we do live in a country where contracts are held firm and the government can't essentially say, we want you to void these contracts. I mean, the government could give some relief from a legal perspective that would allow people to modify more easily. Some people have argued what you say, that, you know, the best way to do this is to have the government acquire these loans and then it could do - it can make any changes it wants with a much freer hand than sort of doing this from a bully pulpit or from a sort of a threatening posture.","And Vikas, what about all the people who have already lost their homes and have nothing. Is there anything for them?Can they get any money back?","Yeah, certainly that's painful. I'm not sure that anybody is really talking about that right now. I mean, in the settlement at the states, there were countrywide - there were some - and there was a provision that countrywide would help these people find, at least in that case, rental housing. It's unclear whether they will be more - sort of done broadly for those people. I think the best thing that could be done is to alleviate the economic problems in the country so that the people will be able to, you know, not to lose their jobs or find new jobs, if they have already lost their job."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily."} +{"dialogue":["When I met him a couple of months ago, I said, listen. You have fought against Islamic radicalism. And you have saved Benghazi and eastern Libya from the terrorist threat. But if you try to run for office, you will lose all that because Libyans are difficult to govern. And I said to him, do you have any aspirations with that?He says, no. I want to rise above this. So I think he sees a real threat to Libya by the existence of these elements. And unfortunately, the international community and the United Nations, they are supporting a government that has no power. And in the end, that government that has no power is being run by militias.","Some people would counter that, actually, Haftar's forces are also comprised of militias with little ideology, some elements within them are so-called extremists and that he is no better than the forces he's purporting to counter.","I mean, I hate to disagree with this. I mean, Haftar is not perfect. I don't say he's perfect. But he has a Libyan army. They might have started off as militias. But now they are inducted into regular army. And more important, they try to paint Haftar into a warlord. You know, he's not. He has been authorized by the only representative body in the country, which is the Libyan Parliament. And so, please, don't get me wrong. I am not enamored with Haftar. And the last thing I want to see in Libya is another military dictatorship. I don't want to see that.","So why is Haftar making this move to take Tripoli now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : They are not painting but describing the man in a certain way."} +{"dialogue":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: Is President Kabila using the current situation to remain in power?"} +{"dialogue":["Oh, yes, they're going to do it, like, regional. You know, so that'll be able to reach more people throughout the country, which is good because not everyone can make it to D. C. And it doesn't start in D. C. It starts in every community where the blood flowed for our freedoms.","Well, Tim Chambers, thank you for stopping by and sharing a little bit of your story with us. Thank you.","My pleasure.","That's Marine Corps veteran Tim Chambers, also known as the Saluting Marine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The blood flowed for our freedoms refers to the sacrifices made by soldiers for our country's freedom."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I would imagine that if you can survive all that stuff, right, and you can be zapped with radiation, frozen to almost to almost absolute zero, you can dry up or you go into some sort of. . .","It's called the tun phase. They sort of shrivel up, became desiccated, and then they can just survive all of these things, and then be brought back to life.","And they just wait for the right moment to. . .","You just - a drop of water, I think, will do it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : It is not actually zapped. It has been exposed to radiation."} +{"dialogue":["Wow, is this the same thing that happened a couple of years ago, or am I just imagining this?","Now, we've had actually more stratospheric warming events in the past decade than we generally have in the past. This is somewhat of a new science, we've only been able to study the stratosphere since the '50s. So we don't really have any statistically significant time periods to be looking at. But we are seeing that these are occurring now almost every year. We're seeing them about every two years in the past. Now we're seeing them almost every year for the past decade.","And so this is becoming a more common event. So I'm not exactly sure what timeline you were looking at, but we did have a stratospheric warming event in 2011.","Yeah, is there some event that actually triggers this to happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : No, this is not the same thing that happened a couple of years ago. It might be similar, but it is not the same."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah.","That is just a staggering figure. Is the battle to keep San Francisco affordable already a lost battle?","That's a very good question, Ailsa. And I would - you know, I'm still optimistic that we can turn things around here and right the ship in San Francisco. We can't just keep supporting job creation and growth unchecked. And now in 2019, it's time for us to ask the tech sector to start paying their fair share in taxes so that we can support everybody to be able to live and thrive in our city.","San Francisco Supervisor Gordon Mar joined us from member station KQED in San Francisco. Thank you very much for speaking with us.","Thank you, Ailsa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : San Francisco needs to start asking the tech sector to pay their fair share of taxes so that everyone can live and thrive in the city."} +{"dialogue":["A friend offered this thesis, and I wanted to test it on you. One never before factor in the financial meltdown, is the information revolution. We all know so much, so quickly online, that the surge of bad news begets more bad news, because we don't ever have time to digest it. What do you think of that?","I'm sure that's true. I'm sure that a lot of people who spent a lot of time online as I sometimes do, feels sort of inundated with bad news, and often see that they just want to step away from the computer monitor, lest it sort of reach out and bite them. I think it's probably also, though, possible to overstate the difference between this and earlier times.","Well, how is that?","If you think about the Great Depression, let's say for example like - as everyone is nowadays, during the Great Depression, you also had instantaneous forms of communication. You had the telephone and most notably, you have the telegraph, and I think most people have probably seen pictures or motion pictures with ticker tapes and giving sort of instantaneous stock reports."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The constant stream of bad news online contributed to the financial crisis."} +{"dialogue":["First was a story of tremendous heartbreak, tremendous disappointment of people who had, in many cases, been displaced for many years during the country's long civil war, who had returned home to South Sudan only to find a few years later that they were being displaced again. That feeling of being uprooted when they had expected to be settled once and for all back home was really palpable and really so tragic and heartbreaking to see.","But at the same time, I also saw a story of incredible resilience and strength, people who after having walked in many cases for days or weeks to arrive in Uganda were setting about constructing their own homes, beginning to plant the small fields that are allocated around their homes. It's just, I think, an incredible testament to the resilience of the South Sudanese people.","When we think of refugee crises, of course, we often envision refugee camps, but tell us about the plots of land that refugees receive in Uganda.","Well, unlike a lot of the refugee camps around the world, where where my organization, Oxfam, works, people in Uganda and the refugee settlement model they have are actually spread out in agricultural settlements, where they are granted in the case of Uganda plots of land 30 by 30 meters or 50 by 50 meters. And that's so they can plant some of the crops that they are accustomed to from home, things like corn, beans."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The Ugandan refugee settlement model provides refugees with an opportunity to live a self-sufficient life, with the ability to grow their own food and perhaps even build a livelihood."} +{"dialogue":["Yes, they were congenial outdoors as they greeted each other with their wives, and they waved for the cameras, and they walked inside. They spent about an hour together in the Oval Office and then nearly a second hour talking in the residence portion of the White House, which, of course, was being shown to both of the Obamas so that they could get some idea of where they might want to locate themselves and put their children, how they might want to redecorate. And while I think this was a ginger conversation between the two of them, I think it was cordial as well, and there was quite a bit to discuss.","Right, well, this is a ritual. It happens every four years or every eight years, but was there any substance at all?","You know, I believe there was. I believe that, going into the discussion, the White House chief of staff currently, Josh Bolton, was saying that the president really did have a number of things he wanted to convey to his successor about how things are going in certain realms, and I think we're talking foreign policy here largely, but also in terms of the economic crisis and the rescue packages.","And he wanted to have a little bit of a discussion to kind of unburden a little bit of his own thoughts on what we ought to be doing on those fronts and, of course, we can assume the president-elect would have responded. That's why it took some time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The meeting was polite but not necessarily friendly."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The conversation is coming to an end and Elisabeth Rosenthal is being thanked for her valuable insights."} +{"dialogue":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The worship of relics may be based on false beliefs, but it can still be beneficial if it encourages people to be more pious."} +{"dialogue":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone."} +{"dialogue":["And I was like, ooh, that's catchy. And I was like, uh oh. Song time. And I put my sandwich down, ran to my little studio and just got to work.","\"Jaime\" is a really personal record. It's named for the older sister Brittany adored, the sister who taught her how to play the piano and write poems. Jaime died of cancer when the girls were still kids.","What was she like?","First thing I picture are her nails."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : First thing that he sees in his mind about her is her nails."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S. - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.","Do we know why?","You know, sometimes when these things happen - and I've interviewed a few individuals who've joined al-Qaida and other groups like this - they have an awakening moment when they're looking, sitting across the table from an FBI agent. It becomes very real to them in a way they hadn't seen before. For Zazi's case, he decided that he made a mistake, and he wanted to rectify that.","There are three men who were involved in this plot. Two of them cooperated with the government. But the third guy decided to go to trial rather than plead guilty. He's in prison for life now. I don't want to sound cynical, but it does seem like a change of heart is a good legal strategy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The heart was not changed but the opinions of the person were."} +{"dialogue":["Which he said, actually, publicly.","Well, yeah. But then to go one step further and say we recognize Russia's sovereignty over Crimea - now, that will be an astonishing step. I think the more sinister and conspiratorial version is that Trump basically says to Putin that he no longer believes in NATO, that America has got no intention of honoring its Article 5 commitment to intervene if a NATO ally is attacked and effectively says, look. Vladimir, Europe is U. S. -free of influence. If you want to do some kind of adventure in the Baltics or revisit Ukraine or do something else, we are not going to intervene.","Is there a concern within Europe at this point about the relationship between President Putin and President Trump?","I think concern doesn't really capture it. I think it's worse than that. I think it's dismay because you have to bear in mind that what happened in the United States in 2016 has also happened on the European continent and continues to happen. And it's working. I mean, that's not to say that it's just Russia that is creating these forces. But what Putin is doing very cynically and very cleverly is to instrumentalize fault lines in European society over Brexit, over the economy, over austerity and to encourage populism. So we now have a far-right government in Italy, in Hungary, in Poland. And, essentially, Russia likes all this very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Fault lines are ways that people will get shaken up over events that are being caused by Putin."} +{"dialogue":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr. Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution "} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has serious implications on border towns and people's livelihoods."} +{"dialogue":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The author woke up with a vision of millions of butterflies covering the forest, which inspired the novel."} +{"dialogue":["I want to kind of mention quickly the things that are floating out there as rumors and are not confirmed. Again, these are things that people are talking about and are not confirmed. There are many people who immediately assumed this is a terror attack. Tovia, this is not confirmed.","Not confirmed. Nothing about the cause of this, whether it was some kind of unintentional explosion from down in a manhole or something or whether it was a bomb. The police do tell me that the bomb squad is on the scene, as you would expect, along with police and fire and rescue, but they are not talking about the cause. They - a briefing is coming soon but it's taking some time to maneuver down there and also to collect some good information, some hard data about what's going on and numbers of injured and the rest.","What agency are you speaking with to confirm what's going on?Is it the Boston Police Department?","Boston police is who I have been talking to. The hospitals are confirming that people are on their way as well.","This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The authorities are not revealing the actual cause of the explosion."} +{"dialogue":["(Singing) When the night comes. And you lay your weary had to rest. No more trials, no test. When the night comes. . .","That kind of thing.","Dan Auerbach, thank you for putting up with my really (Soundbite of laughter) miserable drumming. My rhythm section was lousy, but you sounded great.","I just felt like I was on \"American Idol. \""],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show."} +{"dialogue":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : They need to do research and find out the answer that they are looking for."} +{"dialogue":["He was.","He wrote many articles in magazines and newspapers, so I guess you could see where he might get carried away a little bit. He was popularizing science to come up with something maybe that was sort of like Einstein said, a little literary license maybe.","Yeah. Einstein regretted having put the term in, but he didn't use those precise words. And this became interesting to me because this is almost Einstein's most quoted phrase. So you know, it was interesting to see has he actually used those words.","Yeah. That is quite interesting. Let's talk about another strange fact that's in your book. You write that Vladimir Nabokov, the author of \"Lolita\" and \"Pale Fire,\" actually came up with a scientific theory about butterflies at one point."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He did not just get carried away but he exaggerated his claims."} +{"dialogue":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The long-term effects of the government's stimulus bill on taxes and services are a concern."} +{"dialogue":["Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.","The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.","Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?","Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : There is a deal that has been offered to the Sacklers from the attorneys general."} +{"dialogue":["And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?","These laws have sort of been spreading. And production people here in Hollywood are sort of taking a wait-and-see approach. And this abortion ban isn't supposed to take effect until January of 2020. So we have this sort of in-between time where a lot of studios and producers and executives are trying to figure out what the best course of action is, and do they keep projects there in the meantime?Should it be overturned before it's enacted, then Hollywood doesn't really have to worry about pulling out their productions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Georgia has become a popular destination for big budget movies and TV shows."} +{"dialogue":["It's nutritionally vacuous. It's unhealthy. Why would you eat iceberg?Iceberg is pathetic. Iceberg is, you know, lettuce for people who have no class or no taste.","In 1894, the Burpee seed catalog introduced iceberg to the world. It was advertised as hardy, rich, flavorful and, most importantly, durable.","From the moment of its introduction, it transformed the face of American lettuce consumption. And for decades and decades and decades, it was overwhelmingly the lettuce that was consumed in the United States of America.","Eventually, iceberg's popularity became its downfall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It's not an actual face but the most popular and most seen way that lettuce is consumed."} +{"dialogue":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : is that Neal is asking if the first phone call was made out of curiosity. "} +{"dialogue":["Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.","There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.","Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.","You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program."} +{"dialogue":["We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.","David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.","Thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much, Rachel."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years or more."} +{"dialogue":["And eventually the crowd around him - the crowd of press, kind of got a little bigger. And he sort of looked around and said, maybe this is not something I should be laughing about because, you know, we are in a different age.","Mark, I've got to tell you - this is why I watch the Super Bowl, but I can't watch football during the regular season. It is hard for me to look at those talented athletes and think half of them, if not more, are going to wind up being permanently damaged by what I'm watching them do on the field.","I will tell you, Scott, that the National Football League is very worried about the likes of you and people like you, of which there are many, who are taking a more closer moral look at what they're watching. I mean, football, for many years, has been the great spectacle of American life. Every year, it's, like, 70 or 75 of the most watched television shows in America are almost always football games. We love football.","Having said that, there are a lot more people, and it happens every year. And you have research that comes out every week, it seems, and testimonials from retired players and researched brains from dead players that tell us a little bit more. And as we get smarter, I think the league, you know, has to try to keep up with some kind of rule changes and equipment changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Watching football is difficult because of the risk of players being permanently damaged."} +{"dialogue":["Yes.","Have you photographed them?Or have they been clients of yours?","Not paying clients. Yes, I have shot them at a rally in Chicago.","OK. Not - well, not paying in the sense that you would like to have them as clients or pursue them at one point, or you just are taking pictures of them, as everyone else is doing, when they're out in public?","No, I was part of the campaign. I was heavily involved in fundraising and (unintelligible) and have gone to battleground states, signing up voters. So, yeah, I was there, part of the group, and I shot them because this is something I wanted to do. I wasn't a paid photographer of staff, but yes. Would I like to shoot them as a paid person?Absolutely.","Yeah, I'm guessing the answer to that would be yes. Are you hopeful of that opportunity still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The person took pictures of the other people at a rally in Chicago, they did not shoot them with a gun but with a camera."} +{"dialogue":[". . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.","Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.","Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.","Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The cucumber has climbing appendages, not climbing strings."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah,. It's really amazing, yeah. It turns out he was, you know, an avid, you know, layperson but had great interest in butterflies and how they evolve and so on. And he suggested that butterflies moved in certain ways from between Asia and Europe and so on. And just about a couple of years ago scientists discovered that, you know, what he suggested is actually correct.","And how did he come up with that idea?I mean, was it based on fact?","He was really following - yeah, yeah. He was following, you know, the butterflies and, you know, and where - what kinds of species you find where and so on. He was really very interested and very knowledgeable in butterflies.","Mm-hmm. OK. Let's move on to another famous guy: Lord Kelvin. Tell us who Lord Kelvin was and what his big blunder was."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The person being discussed was not an expert on butterflies but had great interest in them"} +{"dialogue":["Tell us a little bit about Steve Elkins.","Well, he's a filmmaker. He's an amazing person. He's one of these - he's a true adventurer. I guess he's sort of a kid who never grew up. I'm kind of like that too. I mean, I never stopped dreaming about finding lost cities and being the first one in Egyptian tombs and that sort of thing. And he's sort of like that. And he had fallen in love 20 years ago with this whole White City legend and had been trying to find a way into this valley where this JPL Scientist has been seeing something for 20 years.","And he organized an expedition. It was washed out by Hurricane Mitch. And then he heard about LIDAR, and he said, wow, this is the way to find stuff in the jungle. Instead of sliding on the ground, let's fly over this valley and see if there's anything in there. So he called me up and he said, hey, do you want to be part of this expedition?","And you, of course, agreed and ran down to Central America and ended up as, well, I guess, extra cargo in the back of a very rickety old plane."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : He is the sort of person that still acts like a kid even though he is an adult."} +{"dialogue":["So instead, we inquired more. Where did you hear this?Where did you see this?Can you show me that?And when they showed us, I - the first thing we tried to do was say, I get why this seems funny on the surface, and I totally get why it's confusing. And they were also younger at the time, so they were probably a little more open than a kid would be at 16 or 17.","Well, you anticipate one of my questions as you talk about as youngsters age. I mean, don't teens manage to find a way to evade the best parental advice in any case?","Oh, yeah, for sure. I mean, what I hoped that we were able to build with our kids from when they were young is a foundation where they believe that when we say something is not great, maybe they disobey, but deep inside there's a little voice that's going to say to them, you know, I should question this. I should question why this seems so, you know, funny and, yet, I feel like I have to keep it a secret. But, you know, we have had parental filters on our computers and on our media. As the kids got older, we realized pretty much every kid can evade any filter.","What about the girls in your sons' classes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The question is asking if the girls in the sons' classes can evade any filters."} +{"dialogue":["Well, if you look at San Francisco, San Francisco, the volatile section is the section under $321,000. There really are houses in San Francisco worth less than that, and those are the ones that are really in the foreclosure pipeline. So even in the west, even in these very high-value markets, there are a lot of properties that are going to be affected by this too.","A lot of the foreclosure activity was at the low end because that's where the tremendous wave of credit flowed into the market, enfranchised people, caused the lower end to triple. The lower end is still by and large within that conforming limit.","Karl Case is a professor of economics at Wellesley College and co-developer of the Case-Shiller Home Prices Index. Their latest report is out today. Karl Case, thank you very much.","Pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : you are welcome is implied in response to Thank you very much"} +{"dialogue":["Well, this obviously has been a really long time in coming for the victims of the crimes in Guatemala, and for their country, as well. I think the victims who had an opportunity to testify in the trial proceedings would say that justice ultimately was not denied, as a result of this really historic outcome, that I don't think anybody expected to happen.","Why?","Well, there has been a really remarkable wave of prosecutions for former political leaders who, in days of yore, would have enjoyed a comfortable retirement and not faced any threat of prosecution. And against that history, in Latin America in particular, many former leaders and other senior officials have faced trial in the last 20 years or so. And it's been a notable phenomenon, and has provided inspiration for countries in other regions of the world, as well.","But Guatemala was the really striking holdout from this pattern. And so while one after another country was able to confront its past, not only through historical confrontations, through truth commissions and other means, but also in court. While that was happening in the region broadly, Guatemala was really almost a poster case for enduring impunity. And there were numerous efforts made over many, many years, led by Guatemalans themselves, but with a lot of support from the international community in many different ways. And despite all these efforts, Guatemala was unable, until recently, to bring past leaders to justice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Justice has been delayed for the victims of crimes in Guatemala."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.","They have the ultimate solar panels.","That's totally right.","They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Sunflowers figured out how to follow the sun's movement."} +{"dialogue":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Mexico could collapse if it doesn't get control of the drug war there. That's the conclusion of two reports, one from the Defense Department, the other from former drug czar Barry McCaffrey, who says Mexico is, quote, \"on the edge of the abyss. \"","NPR's Mexico City correspondent Jason Beaubien is in Tijuana. And Jason, that sounds pretty dire, \"on the edge of the abyss. \"What are these reports saying?","Both of these reports are basically saying that the drug war in Mexico at the moment is escalating, and it's out of control in some parts of the country, and that the U. S. should be considering that these confrontations that the Mexican state is having with drug cartels almost all across the country could push the state into a failed state.","A failed state. So what actually could trigger that?What could push Mexico over the edge?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation."} +{"dialogue":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Facilities that were supposed to be safe places were bombed. "} +{"dialogue":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : When making a donation, it's important to do research and give to organizations in a flexible way."} +{"dialogue":["Right.","There must be some science to this, right?","Yeah. There's actually a little bit of fun science. Egg whites are basically liquid. But they're full of protein?That's why they're good for us. And so when you whip them, you're breaking down those proteins.","And the proteins are usually like little balls that hang out by themselves, but when you whip them, they unfurl, they unfold and they start bonding with each other. And as they bond, they create a structure. And that structure captures air bubbles, and it gives the foam its shape. And we're going to have a nice fluffy cloud as a result."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Whipping egg whites breaks down proteins and creates a structure that captures air bubbles, resulting in a fluffy foam."} +{"dialogue":["Shawn Zahir. I want to share one quick story. I have many stories. The surgeon said to me - and this was one we still didn't know his name - he said, listen, you're very lucky and your daughter's very lucky because she got the liver of a good man. I've done this surgery many times. Most people when they wake up they say, when can I get back to work?When can I play sports?The first question that he asked was, when can I donate blood again?","Yeah. Nusayba was all set up for an initial transplant, but these things are unpredictable - didn't work out.","Gut punch at the last second. The donor, who was an acquaintance of mine, who had never met Nusayba - and I can finally reveal her name because the text just came through, Scott, that she gave me permission - Megan Black was willing to donate a piece of her liver. Her entire family was on board. And at the last second, the lead doctor, Dr. Fishbein, who's been doing this for 30 years, saw a complication, called it off. Megan was crying. Her family was crying. She apologized. But if it wasn't for Megan stepping up and for this bad news, we wouldn't have done the call out. And we wouldn't have gotten Shawn. So we also owe Megan a huge gratitude. Thank you, Megan.","Boy. Nusaybe, you've been able to - she's been able to talk to you and Sarah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : She got the liver of a man that cares about others more than himself."} +{"dialogue":["Hey, thank you very much.","Everybody who is an average taxpayer wants to know, how does this bailout affect me?So how does it affect the average taxpayer?","Well, it affects you in a couple of ways. One of which is is that, if it that if it works and the financial system does in fact stabilize and move forward, we're all better. We've averted a vast crisis. But it also does mean that probably down the pike you might be seeing higher taxes, you might be seeing higher inflation, you might be seeing a lower dollar. All of these things are potential possible fallouts from the bailout.","To follow that point a little bit further. Let's say you have a person who pays his bill on time - his or her bills on time - has a mortgage, has a small savings account and no major investments. What does this mean to that person?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer"} +{"dialogue":["And I can tell you though when people of color hear white people say, I was taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up, they're usually rolling their eyes. And they're definitely not thinking, oh, right, I'm talking to a woke white person right now. They're usually thinking this is a dangerous white person. This is a white person who has no self-awareness and is not going to be able to hold and affirm my reality, which is fundamentally different than theirs in a society which is deeply separate and unequal by race.","And you actually, in this book, very specifically target white progressives. You say that white progressives cause the most daily damage to people of color. What do you mean?","Yeah. First, let's define a white progressive. In my mind, it's any white person who thinks they're not racist - thinks they get it, thinks they are less racist, who's listening to the show right now thinking of all the other white people that really should be listening to this show right now.","Right. It's never us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist."} +{"dialogue":["You know, it's a tremendous feeling. You really feel like you have a view from the shoulders of generations. You know, I'm a fifth-generation member of the association, and we've been working for this moment implicitly since our founding and really explicitly since 1960. You know, just generations of activists registering people to vote. You know, suing local governments to make sure that blacks could run for various offices.","But you know, work has been done by generations with discipline to get us to a point where finally, 230 years after - 232 years after the founding of this republic, we have a multi-racial, multi-gender race. And it's incredible.","Let's go back to some of the practical issues because it strikes me that one of the people who certainly knows so much about politics, Donna Brazile, mentioned something about what can go wrong with the vote. In the year 2000, her sister encountered problems. She was asked by authorities to provide multiple forms of ID on her way to vote. And she called up Donna, and Donna, of course, was like, well, that's not the way things are supposed to work.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It is being implied that her sister was not treated according to law."} +{"dialogue":["Dr. Michael Jacobson is president of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit group that advocates for safer and healthier foods. Thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","Looking back on these studies, were they just wrong?","The studies really skewed the evidence at the time. And I think it was unfortunate that these papers were published because they influenced the public discussion about the health impact of sugar.","The question that news of a study like this, I think, raises for everybody is, how do you know what information to trust?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : (\"Thanks for having me, Scott.\") is a polite expression used to thank the interviewer for the invitation to appear on the show, even though the interviewer did not actually \"have\" the guest in any literal sense. "} +{"dialogue":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Kids and old people are funny because they speak truthfully and without agenda"} +{"dialogue":["Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.","But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.","And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.","Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Deep holes in the ground that appear suddenly and continue to keep deeper happen for different reasons at different times."} +{"dialogue":[". . . the French press is hard to nail because there's. . .","Yeah.",". . . so many variables that are outside of your control.","Right. Right. And it's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website, and it's beautiful animation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The French coffee machine that presses beans is hard to understand."} +{"dialogue":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N. official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There have been no serious discussions of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya, despite their forced relocation and massive abuses."} +{"dialogue":["I think the crash of the stock market, along with a shooting war in Iraq and a shooting war in Afghanistan made wonkiness less toxic and less unappealing. The Democrats would always field these sort of wonky smartypants candidates. And. . .","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry, you know, Al Gore, and they were clearly knowledgeable. But the Republicans would always say, yeah, but you wouldn't want to have a beer with them. They don't understand you. They don't understand the American people. And even though our candidate - George W. Bush comes to mind - may not be an intellectual powerhouse, he understands real people.","And, in fact, there has been in American politics for a long time - you can go all the way back to Adlai Stevenson in the '50s is a prime example - an anti-intellectual fear in American politics, that intellectuals really didn't get it, and they shouldn't be put in high office. But the relative wonkiness of Obama and Joe Biden seemed more appealing to the relative unwonkiness of John McCain and especially Sarah Palin. And I think that helped removed the taint, really, of being smart."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The wonkiness of smart candidates is not popular with voters."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I think they'll help fill in some of the gaps that the U. S. commander there, General John Nicholson, talked about in his testimony earlier this year. He needs some more forces to be able to get out with Afghan units as advisers. He needs more forces to do the counterterrorism mission against a Islamic State force there that's growing in strength.","And so it's simply going to be a gap-filler in many respects. I don't think it's going to be some type of a decisive increment of troops, and all of a sudden it's going to turn around the battlefield results and make this a war that we're suddenly winning when those troops get deployed.","And does it strike you, though, that in trying to come up with a new strategy, there are really any more options than have been on the table in past administrations who have been trying hard - and much blood and treasure has been spilled - in trying to answer these very same questions for many, many years now?","I think there's some potential different openings here. You've got a very different president with a very different outlook about American commitments around the world. I think he is going to consider all options, including a zero option, potentially, for Afghanistan."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The deployment of additional troops is not expected to have a significant impact on the outcome of the war or lead to a sudden victory."} +{"dialogue":["The last 48 hours, President Guaido ordered security forces to restore constitutional order. That's what we saw. This was not a coup d'etat. This was a legitimate president recognized by the Venezuelans and by over 60 countries asking security forces to go on the right side of the Constitution.","And at this point, when you're talking about directing the security forces, do you know what proportion is still loyal to Nicolas Maduro?","This is a nationwide movement by the security forces. And the majority of security forces are with the people. Remember; these military men, lower and high-ranking, have Venezuelan families that don't have food on the table, that they can't find medicine. So they're deeply impacted by the crisis.","But if we look onscreen and see a crackdown and see people going after protesters, how should we see that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The majority of security forces are with the people due to the impact of the crisis on their families"} +{"dialogue":["So, for instance, in our culture, there's really this idea right now that parenting is stressful, and we're all stressed out. Turns out not all mothers in every culture feel this way.","All right. Convince me.","OK. So a group of researchers have been studying Mayan families for decades because they've been really intrigued by this idea that the kids are so helpful around the house. And they wanted to figure out what the parents were doing to get the kids to be so helpful.","So for one of the stories in this series, I went down to the Yucatan and spent some time with some Mayan families. And right away, I was amazed by these moms. So a lot of them are raising four or five children. They're doing all the housework. They help out with the business, so they're doing work, too. And they totally didn't seem stressed. And I actually asked them, do you think being a mother is stressful?And the first woman, like, looked at me like I was an alien. She was like, what?Why would mothering be stressful?And I was like, oh, my gosh. Tell me your secrets (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : She looked at him like he was very strange and unknown to her."} +{"dialogue":["But I do think, at the Pew level, if you will, this is a divisive issue. And I am really hoping and I'm personally praying that evangelicals will stop and say, this one's too far. We don't want to close that golden door on people fleeing persecution, including people who are persecuted for their Christian faith. I think it's maybe not gotten a lot of attention that Christian refugees from some of the countries where Christians face the worst persecution in the world, along with other religious minorities, are also really dramatically harmed by these policies.","As I understand it, a big part of your work is talking to fellow evangelicals about this - about immigration more broadly. Can you give us a sense of what you hear in those conversations?","Yeah. You know, I wouldn't do this work - I think I'd be completely burned out if it wasn't for the opportunities I have on a fairly regular basis to be in an evangelical church in various parts of the country on a Sunday morning, preaching and teaching on God's heart for immigrants.","And what's encouraging to me is when I speak in churches, the response is actually really positive. I think a lot of churches are afraid to even have that conversation. But when they do, I find that most people are really receptive if it's grounded not in a political agenda - we're not there to tell people to vote for Republicans or vote for Democrats - but in a biblical message that focuses on who we know God to be, as revealed in the Bible, and his particular concern for vulnerable refugees."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : It is important to discuss God's message of care for refugees without being politically divisive."} +{"dialogue":["Shannon, of course, we're dealing with a breaking news event. And it's the inclination of and the policy of this news organization to be conservative rather than to be inaccurate. We know that people are going to see and hear another - other numbers that are out there. We are reporting what we can confirm at the moment. There is a suspect in custody. As I understand it, the area is still not considered safe. They're asking people to remain in their homes, yes?","That's right. They're warning people to stay inside their homes, stay away from the area of the synagogue. And also, reportedly, according to the synagogue's website, this was the busiest service, the most packed service of the week for the synagogue, the Saturday morning service. So we can expect that there were probably multiple people inside the synagogue at the time.","So there's a suspect in custody. Police at the same time have to be worried that perhaps someone else could be involved, and that's why the area - why they're still telling people to shelter in place.","That's right. Until, you know, fairly recently this morning, it was an active shooter situation. The details of the shooting, whether there were more than one person involved, we don't know that yet, or even a motive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The news organization prioritizes accuracy over speed in reporting breaking news (1 suspect in custody confirmed)"} +{"dialogue":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political."} +{"dialogue":["Well, it's true. There was a disaster of my own making at the National Book Awards. In my capacity as emcee, when Jacqueline Woodson won the National Book Award for children's literature, which was a wonderful moment for everyone, but certainly also for me, Jackie is a friend of mine. So after her win, I told a story about her and me. And the story did not go out well and many, many people were very upset by it, and rightfully so.","Yeah. It certainly made me react a little differently when I was reading this book. One of the first signs we get that Errol, the pirate captain, has lost his ability to track is that he falls into racist jokes.","Anyone who's had someone with dementia knows that terrible things often begin to come out of their mouths, which is shocking and mysterious and, of course, very upsetting and hurtful for their families.","Yeah. I think anyone reading this book would decide - not giving anything away - maybe being a pirate isn't the good idea that I thought it was.","It was - if I can convey one message to the people of the world, it's don't try piracy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The implication here is that the reader should not try piracy, as it may not be as glamorous as it initially seems."} +{"dialogue":["Thank you for having me on.","I think a lot of people don't want to hear anything you have to say until I've asked you this question. Are you being used by Vladimir Putin?","(Laughter) No, I don't think so. When people look at this, you know, particularly with Russia in the news as much as it is, there's always this cloud of suspicion that's leveled against anybody who can be, in the most stretched way, associated with Russia. It wasn't my choice to be in Russia.","Most stretched way - you're living there in Moscow. You have been for six years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 5 : \"as high up as Cardinal Pell\" - This phrase refers to Cardinal Pell's rank and influence within the Catholic Church, rather than his physical height."} +{"dialogue":["This was back in 1982?","'82. But I think people thought, oh, my God, you know, you can't put a black person's heart in a white person. You cannot possibly put a woman's heart in a man. I mean, it's interesting that with the heart, sort of the emotions we ascribe to it get all wrapped up in the medical techniques also.","So they got beyond that. And you write about this group of researchers and doctors in Houston - big egos, big personalities and a big state (laughter). Tell us about these two pioneers who had this incredible rivalry that helped shape this field - Dr. Denton Cooley and Dr. Michael DeBakey.","When I started looking into it again, it was kind of like the right stuff for heart surgeons. These were people with outsized personalities and outsized wills. And the story really starts in Houston with the theft of an artificial heart from Michael DeBakey's lab. And DeBakey at the time was perhaps the most famous heart surgeon or surgeon in the world. And his nemesis was a guy named Denton Cooley, who, for a time, worked under him and got tired of waiting for Dr. DeBakey to put this artificial heart in someone. So he purloined it with the man who had designed it into DeBakey's lab and put it in a man. And the operation, to some extent, was a success because the patient lived. And this became the most famous feud in medical history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The notion of gender and race plays a significant role in the medical field."} +{"dialogue":["So in terms of what to do about it, we've said Twitter and Facebook have shut down these accounts, which prompts me to wonder - does shutting down a fake account do that much?Can't the Chinese government, if it's determined to go down this path, just open up two new ones in place of the one that was closed?","It is a cat-and-mouse game, and the companies are constantly trying to get ahead of it. You know, they will try to apply machine learning and artificial intelligence, but it is not a long-term solution. As you said, they can always set up new accounts.","Adam Segal, thanks.","My pleasure. Thanks for having me.","He is director of digital and cyberspace policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, talking there about the move by Facebook and Twitter. They have shut down hundreds of fake accounts they say were created by the Chinese government."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Mice are constantly trying to get away from cats and cats are constantly trying to catch mice. In the same way, the Chinese government will always be trying to escape restrictions on social media accounts and media companies will always be trying to find fake accounts."} +{"dialogue":["Happy birthday NASA. Fifty years old today. Wonder how that feels?A former NASA engineer thinks this now middle-aged agency should try something new. Solve the energy crisis by collecting solar power through a space-based energy system. He's Glenn Smith. He oversaw science and applications experiments for the international space station when he was at NASA. We spoke earlier about his proposal.","You have very large solar cells, solar rays in space, probably 22 thousand miles out, so it circles the earth at the same speed that the earth rotates. It stays above one spot on the earth, and you convert that electric power into microwaves, and you beam it down near cities where large amounts of power are used. Receives it, converts it back to electric energy and feeds it into the existing power grid.","And that wouldn't be dangerous to anyone who got in the way of that ray coming down, or airplanes flying by, or anything?","Well, I've got a lot of questions about that. But here's what we have. The highest power level of the beam is only about one-fifth of the energy density of summer sunlight at noon. One-fifth. Tests have been run on bees and birds twice that level and they haven't found any effects yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Space-based energy system could potentially solve energy crisis."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : \"Cement\" is figurative, not literal. It refers to making the relationship healthy for a longer period of time."} +{"dialogue":["It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?","No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S. For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.","What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The composition of Congress and Senate may undergo substantial changes over the next two election cycles as more and more sexual harassment allegations continue to surface against longstanding members of Congress."} +{"dialogue":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : none"} +{"dialogue":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has had a rapid career rise. He was appointed Egypt's defense minister after the Arab Spring outpouring by Egypt's first freely elected president, the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi. But just a year later, General Sisi helped oust Mr. Morsi and then he began to run the country. Now, his title is Field Marshal Sisi, the top military post. And just this past week, he took the next step to becoming Egypt's next president. The possible rise of a new military strongman raises questions about if the Arab Spring put Egypt on a path of democracy and civilian rule or more authoritarianism. Samer Shehata joins us. He's a political scientist at University of Oklahoma, and he joins us from the studios of KGOU in Norman, Oklahoma. Samer, thanks very much for being with us.","Pleasure to speak to you.","Why is a field marshal, according to various surveys, so popular in Egypt?","He's popular for a number of reasons. One, there were many people, of course, who were opposed to the Muslim Brotherhood and Mr. Morsi before he became president. And of course it was a disastrous year in office. And there are many people who, as a result of all of that, are longing for stability and security. And the idea of a military general running the show is reassuring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Pleasure to speak to you. (This is a polite way of expressing appreciation for the invitation to speak on the show.)"} +{"dialogue":["Now, the first Crohn's gene was cofounded here at the University of Chicago by one of my colleagues. And subsequently, multiple genes for Crohn's disease have been found, most of which have to do with how the body's immune system interacts with the bugs living in the gut.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow, talking with Dr. Russell Cohen. And so there's more than one gene involved, is what you're saying.","Well, yes, there are multiple genes, and there's been big breakthroughs in genetic discoveries with something called genome-wide association, GWAS. So now the genes are falling out of the sky at us every time a group does a big genetic study.","Falling out of the sky. They're - is it that easy to discover them, or are there are just so many you can't really narrow down the important ones?Or are they all important?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : There are so many genes that it is difficult to determine which ones are important"} +{"dialogue":["Yes, yes indeed, yeah.","Where are they now?","They're blue-collar, and many of them remain Democrats, although when the national election comes, many of them outside of Allegheny County do start voting Republican. Part of the reason is that this is an older state, and for pensioners, unless the economy is really going haywire and frightening them about the condition of their pensions and the future of their Social Security, they are going to worry less about breadbasket issues than they're going to worry about the social flashpoint issues.","And out here, Democrats, and we're talking about liberals, Democrats are pro-Second Amendment. They're pro-life. They are very religious. They're socially conservative. Gay marriage simply confounds them as a theory. In other words, we're talking about a place where the liberals have guns.","And so, where are those liberals going?Are they going to Obama or McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Liberals in this place have socially conservative views."} +{"dialogue":["A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?","Oh absolutely not, absolutely. The biology extremophiles can exist over a wide range of temperatures and salinities and pressures and such. So no, it doesn't have to be like Earth. But that makes it easier for us to imagine that there might be life as we know it.","What's interesting to me, exciting to me, is the prospect of perhaps these stars are very close, are they not?They're. . .","These are some of the closest stars. This one is the 19th closest star to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars."} +{"dialogue":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Millennials are not solely responsible for their situation, and other factors such as the country's policies play a role in it."} +{"dialogue":["From each other?","Yeah, male and female professionals of color?Do they face different challenges?","I think they do face different challenges. And particularly, I look at women and they can tend to be branded things like too emotional, or not competitive, or not dedicated. Because there are some unique skill sets that women bring that I think really ad value. So for example I find that women are more intuitive, which means for me they can be better forecasters of future trends. They're more nurturing, which means they're better attuned to the needs of their people and really better at developing people, and they actually are better communicators to me. I know that's a surprise to a lot of listeners, but I find that they are more responsive to giving and receiving feedback.","Just quickly, what about men?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Women professionals face unique challenges due to gender stereotypes"} +{"dialogue":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Soul music is not as prevalent or appreciated as it should be"} +{"dialogue":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : GlobalGrind is a successful and well-managed company with a strong focus on mobile and social media"} +{"dialogue":["Well, on Iran, there's been reports in the past week that he is moving to set up a U. S. interests office in Iran, which is not quite an embassy, but it's sort of a transition to an embassy. He has - the Treasury Department for the past couple of years has begun a very fine-tuned sanctions program focusing on getting international banks to stop doing business with Iran. So, a little bit of sticks and carrots is happening already, and that may create the basis for a more comprehensive approach.","And finally, let's talk about Russia. Relations were frayed between the United States and Russia over the summer during the Georgia contretemps. And I'm wondering, is there anything there that Senator Obama can do, anything happening now to ease his path to restoring diplomatic relations?","Well, you know, much of this seems to be resting on this plan to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland. President Medvedev of Russia has said, if you do that, we're going to put short-range missiles in Kaliningrad.","It seems to me that Obama is not so enthusiastic about missile defense as Bush was. He has said, yeah, I'm in favor of the program if it can be proved to work. Well, it hasn't been proved to work, so I think he can work out a deal with Russia where we gently back off of missile defense; they back off everything else. I think there are some diplomatic possibilities here that have not been explored by the Bush administration because of their doctrinaire advocacy for missile defense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Russia is opposing US plans to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland."} +{"dialogue":["We cannot tell each time because the publicly available data on Facebook is not - doesn't show you everything. But in many countries, like in Spain, it was actually pretty much two individuals running a coordinated network of pages to spread their message. One was a bit more publicly known. The other one was just, I think, a pensioner in some small island in Spain. And then we saw it all across. Like, it's very fringe-type, sometimes white nationalist. Again, we did not find much political affiliation - only in Germany, where even local and regional AFD politicians were involved in setting up fake and duplicate accounts and be friend with them. And that worried us, as well.","The AFD being that - the far-right party in Germany.","That's right.","Here in the U. S. , as authorities have tried to track disinformation across social media, a lot of the trail has led back to Russia. That's been very much in the headlines here. Did you find that in your investigation in Europe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Individuals in Spain coordinated network of pages to spread their message"} +{"dialogue":["Now, how does Ukraine come in?","It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.","And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.","So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Somewhere along the process of the situation forming he becmae owner of Crowdstrike."} +{"dialogue":["Why was it important for the Colorado Springs Police Department to investigate the Klan?","My job as an intelligence officer detective was to monitor any subversive activity which could negatively impact the city of Colorado Springs. And let's face it, the Ku Klux Klan historically is a subversive group. And when I saw the ad in the newspaper, obviously, I perked up to this fact and set about trying to address it to understand it.","You had to come up with a gambit for actually meeting him, and you couldn't meet him. You had to find a colleague to do it. So what was the gambit you came up with?","The gambit was I, obviously as a black man of African descent, could not meet Ken O'dell, the local organizer posing as a KKK member. So I had to take a - have a white officer introduced into the mix posing as Ron Stallworth. So I got a undercover narcotics detective friend of mine - in the book, he's identified as Chuck. That's not his real name, but I had Chuck pose as me. And for the initial meeting, I gave him any identification that I had minus a photograph so that if they should question him about being me, he could pull those out and, you know, convince them, and it worked. We did this for 7 1\/2 months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The Ku Klux Klan is a subversive group that can negatively impact Colorado Springs."} +{"dialogue":["Well, she's made her mission here to expand or improve transparency and ethical reform in the state government. As you likely know, Alaska has been just shaken by corruption scandals for the past couple of years. The FBI has been investigating state legislators, three of them are in jail for bribery now, more maybe coming.","So she sort of arrived on the scene in the middle of all of that, and push for new ethics rule in the legislature and her - one of her biggest goals in office is to get a big new natural gas pipeline. Something along the lines of the old Alaska oil pipeline, built so that Alaska can ship out it's natural gas.","But she wants that done in a more transparent fashion. She says she wants more outside energy companies coming and bidding on that. As oppose to sort of, deals struck among the elite, as she would say, you know, the old governor was accused by her of cutting a deal with the oil companies that just wasn't too favorable to Alaska, or so she said at the time, in terms of oil production taxes. So, she wants all of that to have a lot of more sunlight.","Well, speaking of sunlight, she's facing an ethics investigation of her own, is she not?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The conversation has shifted from talking about Sarah Palin to talking about her ethics investigation."} +{"dialogue":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The underlying implications are that elite colleges are more concerned about their own bottom line and reputation than actually providing access to higher education for all."} +{"dialogue":["According to the Census Bureau itself, the idea is to count everyone in the United States not just citizens. So if you only count citizens, that's going to reduce the power and resources provided to districts in places that have more people in the country who have immigrated here illegally. And those places would argue they need the resources and the representation.","All right. Well, let's talk about immigration. President Trump has also said his administration will move forward fairly soon with a plan to arrest thousands of migrant families in surprise roundups across major U. S. cities. Meanwhile, DHS's IG report has shown terrible conditions for the people being held in custody. Is the president's reaction a problem for him politically?","Well, I mean, the more attention this gets, it certainly could. You know, the president is pretty, you know, focused on the fact that there haven't been, you know - on television, right?- this hasn't been something that you've seen a lot of network television cameras in. And if those conditions are things that are captured on TV, that is something that could change the narrative. But so far, the president feels like this is a winning issue for him.","Domenico Montanaro, NPR's lead political editor, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration."} +{"dialogue":["Yeah. That really happened.","I believe you - popping ibuprofen before going out to dance to stop the pain, wearing high heels all day. You had it bad.","I really did. I was a little bit of a slave to heels, and I don't think I even knew it.","Why is that?Why do you think you like them so much?And obviously you're not the only one. A lot of people like them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : She wore her high heels no matter what the pain she endured from them."} +{"dialogue":["I failed chemistry really disastrously. Kind of tellingly, my father wanted me to take it because he wanted me to be a doctor. And I really didn't want to be a doctor. I wanted to be a writer and an actor. You know, a lot of people don't know how to break into show business.","(Laughter) But failing chemistry is the way.","First way.","(Laughter) So what prompted you to pick up science journals and read them later on?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Failing chemistry is a hindrance to becoming a doctor"} +{"dialogue":["All right.","OK, but anyway, we're all working at the same - working so hard and so long on trying to get something done because we're - people like me are doing this because they love the country, and they're worried about it. We've got a lot of us around, and we're trying to find our place in this thing, and it looks like the White House and the Republicans do have a way to get information in.","It's very hard for changes to be made and agreements. I don't know how they're doing that. It's a very strange kind of organization. But. . .","Well, let me ask you, how much did the election change things?There's the same cast of characters, pretty much.","Well, I - people that aren't there negotiating, and I'm not there, but people that aren't are speculating on all kinds of things, in terms of the president is playing with more power, he acts like a tyrant because he won the election. I don't really see that at this point, that there is any big change because of the election.","Well, the president, if he campaigned on one thing, it was raise taxes on the wealthy."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 4 : The president doesn't seem to be acting like a tyrant, despite speculation that he's using more power since winning the election."} +{"dialogue":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : \"abused by a priest\" - This phrase refers to a specific type of abuse, sexual abuse, rather than physical abuse or verbal abuse."} +{"dialogue":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S. auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S. manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The majority of wire harnesses used in U.S. manufacturing are made in Mexico and would be impacted if the border is closed."} +{"dialogue":[". . . they did great animation in this. And I can't imagine having the patience to move these little dots around.","No. It's a. . .","It's coffee granules, I think.",". . . a great visualization. And I should say that we have another video that done in the same animation style. It's part of the series. It's an experiment people can do at home. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The electronic animation is as tiny as coffee granules."} +{"dialogue":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : Duncan Hunter spent campaign money on personal expenses"} +{"dialogue":["The other issue, of course, is there were no bonuses for Wall Street this year, or where there were, there were certainly contentions about them, and people were asked to give them back when they got them. So the extra cash that often comes through the pipeline to buy also Christmas presents, which was not there this year, was not there to buy stocks, either.","So here we are. It's December 30th. There's just a few days left to this week. Any chance that Santa might come in the last few days?","Well, unfortunately or fortunately, these are such volatile markets, who knows?I mean, in the last five to ten minutes of the market, we can see an extraordinary turn. It's sort of like watching an NBA game - it's not worth watching it until the very last few minutes to see who wins. We've seen wild fluctuations, but that said, it's not going to be anything to compensate for what's been the worst year since the 1930s.","As you mentioned, Diane, in the past, a lot of times, investors would buy stocks at this time of year with their bonuses. Maybe not so many bonuses this year. You've got the added element of the fact that some people are still concerned that they might get laid off in the future. How is that affecting how the markets might close this year?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The lack of bonuses affected stock market sales."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, I'm fortunate in that my voice is associated with big, worldwide soccer events. So if my voice becomes associated with big, American soccer events, there is a school of thought that that helps to add a certain validity to the occasion and to the broadcast. Now, whether that's the case is probably not for me to say, but that is the suggestion and the theory behind this.","But why do you think it hasn't really caught on here in America the same way?Because kids do it. You have soccer clubs all over the United States. Kids grow up playing soccer. And then, it kind of just stops.","Yeah. It does at the moment, or it has done up until this point. And it is the most played sport in that age group. For teenagers, soccer is the No. 1 participation event. And, gradually, that is translating into a greater interest in the professional game of soccer in this country. So one of the attractions of this job coming now, for me, is that if you look at the context of league soccer in this country, it began, effectively, in 1996. So this is season number 24 that begins over this weekend. If you translate that into the English game, league soccer there started in 1888. So, in the same terms, we're in 1911 now, here in America. So. . .","We're a young country in many ways (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Duck can swim is for sure impling that I can take care of myself is for sure."} +{"dialogue":["OK. And I understand that you co-authored a paper that looks at all the carbon emissions we're already committed to. Can you explain what all of that includes?","Sure. The idea was pretty simple. It started out as a thought experiment that if we never built another power plant or car or anything that burns a fossil fuel and, instead, we allowed all the ones that are out there in the world to retire according to their normal expected lifetime, how much CO2 would all of those already existing things add to the atmosphere?","And so what we did was set about collecting data on all of those different devices - power plants, cars, factories - and tried to figure out how old they were and how much CO2 they would produce. And when we did all those calculations. . .","Yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 1 : The amount of CO2 that already existing things add to the atmosphere is significant."} +{"dialogue":["I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?","The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.","Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 0 : Despite having a good credit history, the credit was not available on time and it caused a lot of inconvenience"} +{"dialogue":["Does this raise the hopes that, you know, you might be finding more exoplanets that are more like Earth because there seemed to be a little period going through here with astronomers that they were saying it may be a little more difficult than we expected, or there may not be as many in that sweet spot as expected?","Yeah, I think the arc of discovery is showing us that there's actually a lot more than anyone would have hoped. And finding them this close and this soon and this easily, as we improve our techniques, is telling us that virtually every star has planets, and a lot of systems probably have planets similar to the kind we're seeing here.","And so yeah, that greatly raises the ante in terms of the likelihood that there are similar Earths out there around stars. There's more planets in the sky now than there are stars.","A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : It's likely there are similar Earths out there"} +{"dialogue":["Right. As far as I could tell, it wasn't so much derogatory as he wanted to create a mental picture to the listeners, you know, on radio, to say, OK, it was created in one big bang and so on.","And so what was his big blunder?","So the big blunder was - so he came up with a theory that was - that the universe is in a steady state. Namely the universe is always the same. It always was the same and always will be the same. And - but he also knew that the universe is expanding. So for the universe to stay the same, for example, for the density of matter to not change, he had to create matter in the universe. Because as the universe was getting larger, he had to have new matter there for the density to stay the same.","So this in itself was not a blunder. When he suggested this, it was a beautiful idea because, you know, we say the universe is the same everywhere and in every direction. And he wanted to add to that and that every time. So that, you know, sounded very elegant.","The blunder was that after about 15 years, when evidence started accumulating that this is really not the way the universe behaves but in fact the universe does evolve and change, he stubbornly refused to accept that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 0 : The theory he came up with wasn't derogatory."} +{"dialogue":["I mean, your site gets something like seven million visitors a month?","Yeah.","Wow.","So that, that audience helps too, having those people, you know, kind of at bay, you know, willing to sort of jump in at, like, my command and help out when necessary. And like I said before, a lot of those people who read my site are also Tesla fans, so that's sort of a double reason for them to be willing to commit to a campaign like this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 3 : The audience of the site is willing to support the campaign when needed"} +{"dialogue":[". . . In a sense, were our forebears. And some of them were heroes.","Yeah, and lost their lives - one woman, in particular, staying at her post even though she probably knew that, given the scope of what was about to happen, she was going to lose her life. But she stayed.","This is Hettie Ogle.","Hettie Ogle - to send messages down the valley. But the problem is, once you get those messages down there, how do you disseminate it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"human answer":"turn 1 : Hettie Ogle was a heroic woman who stayed at her post even though she knew she was going to die."} +{"dialogue":["Good morning.","Good morning.","What does Oklahoma want?","Well, I mean, really, they're looking for funding. They're looking for as much money as possible, as quickly as possible. I talked with Oklahoma Attorney General Mike Hunter, and he's the one who brought the lawsuit. And he told me that taking these companies to court is really the only way the state can fund opioid treatment. I mean, you've got to keep in mind that Oklahoma has the second-highest uninsured rate in the nation. The state hasn't expanded Medicaid. State legislators have really slashed public health funding in recent years. So add on top of that the huge opioid addiction crisis, and you've got very few facilities, and they're almost always full.","So I'm thinking this through from Johnson & Johnson's perspective. I guess if you're a business, you want to kind of get your liabilities, you know, in a predictable - into a predictable place, which might help explain why a couple of other big companies, pharmaceutical companies, settled their lawsuits with the state of Oklahoma. But Johnson & Johnson is going ahead. Why did they not settle the way that other companies have?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"human answer":"turn 2 : Oklahoma wants funding to help opioid treatment due to lack of support and high addiction crisis"} +{"dialogue":["And so it seemed to be really impervious to this kind of judicial reckoning. And the fact that it's happened is, of course, all the more remarkable, because of the obstacles that had to be overcome to reach this day.","It's interesting: The current president of Guatemala served under General Rios Montt all those years ago, and he says he accepts this verdict, and will carry out the measures ordered by the tribunal in terms of apologies, but he also said there was no genocide.","Well, he was a general during the period of Rios Montt's rule, and given his own background, it was expected that he would put up more resistance than he has to this trial. And as you said, he has said he respects the ruling of the court, but he has said it's not a genocide. It is a very powerful verdict. It's - genocide has been described repeatedly as the crime of crimes, and it's very difficult to prove in a court of law. And that's one of the other reasons why this verdict was widely seen as a landmark.","So, you know, his reticence is notable. I hope that he continues to maintain the position that he will respect the rule of law in this case, as the proceedings go forward."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"human answer":"turn 2 : The verdict is a powerful landmark as genocide is difficult to prove in court"}