Are small lumps around the scrotum a symptom of Jock Itch?

Answer:
Jock itch usually stays around the creases of the upper thigh and does not involve the scrotum or penis. Jock itch may spread to the anus, causing anal itching and discomfort. Symptoms include:
					Red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze; patches often have sharply-defined edges with scale at the edges.
					Patches are often redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center.
					Abnormally dark or light skin. Sometimes, these changes are permanent.

Answer:
Itchy Crotch Cause: Fungal Infections
					How you know you have it: You'll likely develop a rash along with the itching, though its appearance varies depending on the type of fungus causing it. For instance, if a yeast infection is responsible, you may notice moist, shiny areas of skin on your penis, and possibly some white stuff in the
					skin folds, along with the red, itchy rash, according to the Mayo Clinic.

					Yeast is normally present in small amounts on your skin, but an overgrowth of it can cause an infection. This tends to occur in moist places that don't get much light, says Jason Reichenberg, M.D., director of dermatology at the University of Texas Austin. So it usually shows up on the sides of your
					groin, between your genitals and thighs.

					Other fungal infections look a little different: They appear dry and flaky, and usually crop up on your thighs, Dr. Reichenberg says.

					How to treat it: Whatever the type of fungus responsible for your itching, an antifungal cream like Lotrimin AF should do the trick. The cream attacks the fungal cells that cause the infection, while leaving your healthy skin cells unscathed.

					Pat the region dry before rubbing on the cream. That will help get rid moisture, keeping the fungus from growing and allowing the cream to work better, Dr. Reichenberg says.

					Itchy Crotch Cause: Chafing
					How you know you have it: Chafing occurs when your skin rubs together-commonly your thighs. It usually develops when you're doing an activity that involves a lot of friction, like running.

					The rubbing can disturb your skin barrier, causing tiny cracks and inflammation on your outer layers of skin. This causes a red, irritated rash that burns and itches. Your skin can also grow scaly, too, Dr. Zeichner says.

					How to treat it: Your goal is to protect your irritated skin and prevent any additional rubbing. A moisturizer like Aveeno Skin Relief Moisturizing Cream will help repair the skin. It also contains colloidal oatmeal, which works to soothe irritation, Dr. Zeichner says.

					Pair that with a zinc cream, like Destin, which protects your skin from future rubbing by adding a protective barrier. And then use a cream that contains petroleum, like CeraVe Healing Ointment, which helps hydrate and restore your skin.

					Itchy Crotch Cause: Intertrigo
					How you know you have it: You'll develop a raw, red rash that itches and stings, usually in areas that contain lots of moisture from sweating, Dr. Zeichner says-so, like your groin, between the folds of your stomach, under your arms, or between your toes, according to the Mayo Clinic. That
					moisture can spur an overgrowth of bacteria and fungus.

					How to treat it: Antibacterial creams like Neosporin and antifungal creams, like Lotrimin, can take care of the bacteria and fungus. And a zinc cream, like Destin, shields your skin from more rubbing.

					If the rash persists for one to two weeks, head to your dermatologist. He or she will likely prescribe stronger versions of these medications to smooth over the irritation, Dr. Zeichner says.

					Itchy Crotch Cause: Contact Dermatitis
					How you know you have it: Contact dermatitis occurs when your skin comes in contact with something it's allergic to. You'll likely develop a super itchy, red rash that looks bumpy. It might even ooze a clear or yellowish fluid, which shows that the top layer of your skin has been disrupted, says
					Dr. Reichenberg.

					Contact dermatitis is likely the cause if you notice that itchy rash and you've recently changed something in your routine-say, you tried a new laundry detergent or fabric softener, or even bought a new couch made of a different material-right before you noticed it, says Dr. Reichenberg. You'll
					usually start to notice a reaction hours or even a few days later.

					You'll also probably experience itching on other body parts that were exposed to the allergen, too, he says. Your itchy balls will likely bother you more, though, since their thin skin is more sensitive to allergens.

					How to treat it: Stop using the chemical or material you think may be responsible. If it's clothing washed in a new detergent, rewash it a few times with your previous brand, says Dr. Reichenberg.

					If contact dermatitis was responsible, the reaction should disappear in about two weeks.

					Itchy Crotch Cause: Pubic lice
					How you know you have it: If you start to notice intense itching, irritation, and tiny specks in your pubic hair, you might have contracted a type of parasite called pubic lice, also known as crabs.

					You may see tiny white or yellowish specks near the roots of your pubic hair. Those are the lice eggs, says Dennis Fortenberry, M.D., a professor of adolescent medicine at Indiana University. You might also spot the lice themselves crawling-they're tan or grayish-white, and if you're brave enough
					to look at one through a magnifying glass, it'd resemble a mini crab, reports the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

					How to treat it: Head to your doctor-he or she will confirm that your problem actually is lice, and send you home with a shampoo or lotion containing either permethrin or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide, which will kill the lice Dr. Fortenberry says.

					Itchy Crotch Cause: Herpes
					How you know you have it: For some guys, itching can be the first symptom of this sexually transmitted infection (STI), which is caused by the herpes virus, Dr. Fortenberry says. That itch will usually turn to burning, and within about a day, a blister or cluster of blisters can form. Then, the
					blisters can break, leading to painful sores.

					If you've experienced those symptoms in the past and they keep cropping back up, that might point to herpes, since the infection usually causes recurrent outbreaks.

					How to treat it: This is another case where you'll head to your doctor. He or she will diagnose you, either by simply looking at the appearance of your blisters or by performing a blood test or culture of the lesion, reports the CDC.

					There's no cure for herpes, but your doctor can provide some treatment. Antiviral meds, like Valtrex, Zovirax, or Famvir, can shorten the outbreak or prevent one from occurring. They also may reduce the chances of passing on the virus to your partner.

					Itchy Crotch Cause: Genital Warts
					How you know you have it: Genital warts are a common symptom of the STI human papillomavirus (HPV). They are typically soft to the touch and skin colored, and some may even resemble a cauliflower. You might notice just one, or they could crop up in a cluster, Dr. Fortenberry says. But other than
					some itching, the warts don't feel like anything.

					How to treat it: If you think you have genital warts, check in with your doctor, Dr. Fortenberry says. He or she will likely prescribe a medication that contains Imiquimod, Podofilox, or Sinecatechins, which will stimulate your body's immune system to clear up the warts.

					Or, she may apply liquid nitrogen to the growth, which will freeze it off.

					However, even though you can get rid of the wart, you can't eliminate the virus from your system-meaning more warts could crop up down the road, and you can still spread it to others if you don't have a visible wart.

					This article originally appeared on MensHealth.com.

Alternative causes of itching and bumps in scrotal area are relevant

I have Jock itch, and I have read through your symptoms. I wanted know if small lumps under the skin around the scrotum area is a symptoms as well? Should I be concerned?


What causes rib cage pain? How is it remedied?

What are the causes and treatments for rib cage pain?

Answer:
Ribcage pain may be caused by any of the following:
					Bruised, cracked, or fractured rib
					Inflammation of cartilage near the breastbone (costochondritis)
					Osteoporosis
					Pleurisy (the pain is worse when breathing deeply)
					Rest and not moving the area (immobilization) are the best cures for a ribcage fracture.

					Follow your health care provider's instructions for treating the cause of ribcage pain.

the answer includes causes and limited information on remedies.

What are the causes of rib cage pain? And and the remedy


Answer: Hantavirus is a serious infection that gets worse quickly. Lung failure can occur and may lead to death. Even with aggressive treatment, more than one half of people who have this disease in their lungs die.


Is there always an elevated temperature associated with appendicitis?

Answer:
A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen. This causes a condition called peritonitis. The main
					symptom is pain in the abdomen, often on the right side. It is usually sudden and gets worse over time. Other symptoms may include
					Swelling in the abdomen
					Loss of appetite
					Nausea and vomiting
					Constipation or diarrhea
					Inability to pass gas
					Low fever
					Not everyone with appendicitis has all these symptoms.

Is there always elevated temperature associated with appendicitis?


How frequently should a dose of 5 mg of oxybutinin be taken?

What is the recommended dosage of Oxybutynin?

Answer:
Adults
					The usual dose is one 5-mg tablet two to three times a day. The maximum recommended dose is one 5-mg tablet four times a day. A lower starting dose of 2.5 mg two or three times a day is recommended for the frail elderly.

My urologist has prescribed Oxybutinin, 5 mg tablets, NOT in the ER version. I understood they were to be taken once a day, but he has prescribed twice. Is this the correct recommended dosage, or should the prescription have been for once a day?


What its the efficacy of administering Gabamentine and hydrocodone together and are there any interactions?

Are there any drug-drug interactions between Gabapentin and hydrocodone?

Answer:
1. Coadministration of NEURONTIN with hydrocodone decreases hydrocodone exposure [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)]. The potential for alteration in hydrocodone exposure and effect should be considered when NEURONTIN is started or discontinued in a patient taking hydrocodone.
					2. Coadministration of NEURONTIN (125 to 500 mg; N=48) decreases hydrocodone (10 mg; N=50) C max and AUC values in a dose-dependent manner relative to administration of hydrocodone alone; C max and AUC values are 3% to 4% lower, respectively, after administration of 125 mg NEURONTIN and 21% to
					22% lower, respectively, after administration of 500 mg NEURONTIN. The mechanism for this interaction is unknown. Hydrocodone increases gabapentin AUC values by 14%. The magnitude of interaction at other doses is not known.

Part 1 of the answer is from section 7, drug interactions and part 2 is from clinical pharmacology, section 12.3

I have a question for your website an it seems to have difficulty answering .

I want to know if you take Gabamentine an hydrocodene together what would happen? ; if I take them separately it don't work.


The question concerns drug interactions such as the safety of taking Diclofenac with Isinopril or other NSAIDs.

Are there any drug-drug interactions between diclofenac and lisinopril or aleve or extra-strength Tylenol?

Answer:
Avoid Concomitant Use of NSAIDs

					Inform patients that the concomitant use of diclofenac sodium extended-release tablets with other NSAIDs or salicylates (e.g., diflunisal, salsalate) is not recommended due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal toxicity, and little or no increase in efficacy (see WARNINGS: GASTROINTESTINAL
					BLEEDING, ULCERATION, PERFORATION and DRUG INTERACTIONS). Alert patients that NSAIDs may be present in "over the counter" medications for treatment of colds, fever, or insomnia.

Partial Answer for NSAIDS

Answer:
Some foods and medicines may affect how lisinopril works. Tell your doctor if you are using any of the following:

					Aliskiren, everolimus, lithium, sirolimus, temsirolimus
					Another blood pressure medicine, including an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
					Diuretic (water pill, including amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene)
					Insulin or diabetes medicine
					NSAID pain or arthritis medicine (including aspirin, celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen)

Non-definitieve answer about lisinopril and diclofenac

is it safe to take diclofenac when taking lisinopril or aleve or extra-strength Tylenol?


Is trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) progressive and how is it diagnosed?

What are the long-term effects of trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)  and how is it diagnosed?

Answer:
Trisomy 13, also called Patau syndrome, is a chromosomal condition associated with severe intellectual disability and physical abnormalities in many parts of the body. Individuals with trisomy 13 often have heart defects, brain or spinal cord abnormalities, very small or poorly developed
					eyes (microphthalmia), extra fingers or toes, an opening in the lip (a cleft lip) with or without an opening in the roof of the mouth (a cleft palate), and weak muscle tone (hypotonia). Due to the presence of several life-threatening medical problems, many infants with trisomy 13 die within
					their first days or weeks of life. Only five percent to 10 percent of children with this condition live past their first year.

Answers addressing the progression are relevant

Answer:
Clinical tests (28 available)

					Cytogenetics Tests

					FISH-metaphase (3)
					Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (2)
					FISH-interphase (8)
					Karyotyping (9)
					Molecular Genetics Tests

					Detection of homozygosity (2)
					Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2)
					Targeted variant analysis (5)
					Detection of homozygosity (2)
					Deletion/duplication analysis (3)
					Uniparental disomy study (UPD) (1)

, links to the available over the countered genetic tests or pages on individual tests are relevant.

i was wondering the condition of trisomy progresses over time (gets worse as they become older) also, how to diognose the disorder thank you!


To what extent is quinine in seltzer water effective in treating leg cramps?

Does quinine in seltzer water ease leg cramps?

Answer:
Muscle cramps can occur anywhere and in anyone; however, leg cramps are especially common in older people. Quinine is a medicine which has been used to treat cramps for many years. There is conflicting evidence for its ability to reduce cramps. Quinine can cause serious, even fatal adverse events,
					especially in overdosage.

					There is low quality evidence that quinine (200 mg to 500 mg daily) significantly reduces cramp number and cramp days and moderate quality evidence that quinine reduces cramp intensity. There is moderate quality evidence that there are more minor adverse events with quinine compared to placebo but
					no increase in major adverse events. However, there are reliable reports from other sources that an overdose of quinine can cause serious harm including death.
					More research is needed to clarify the best dose and duration of treatment, as well as alternatives to quinine for cramps.

					The evidence is current to October 2014.

Some information about dosage is relevant

quinine in seltzer water.
				Is it ok to drink quinine in seltzer water to ease leg cramps? If so, what would be the correct "dosage"? It has a nasty taste but it does ease leg cramps. Thank you.


What is the recommended treatment and prevention protocol for mite infestation in humans?

What are non-toxic treatments and prevention protocols for mite infestation in humans?

Answer:
When a person is infested with scabies mites the first time, symptoms may not appear for up to two months after being infested. However, an infested person can transmit scabies, even if they do not have symptoms. Scabies usually is passed by direct, prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an
					infested person. However, a person with crusted (Norwegian) scabies can spread the infestation by brief skin-to-skin contact or by exposure to bedding, clothing, or even furniture that he/she has used.

					Scabies is prevented by avoiding direct skin-to-skin contact with an infested person or with items such as clothing or bedding used by an infested person. Scabies treatment usually is recommended for members of the same household, particularly for those who have had prolonged skin-to-skin contact. All
					household members and other potentially exposed persons should be treated at the same time as the infested person to prevent possible reexposure and reinfestation. Bedding and clothing worn or used next to the skin anytime during the 3 days before treatment should be machine washed and dried
					using the hot water and hot dryer cycles or be dry-cleaned. Items that cannot be dry-cleaned or laundered can be disinfested by storing in a closed plastic bag for several days to a week. Scabies mites generally do not survive more than 2 to 3 days away from human skin. Children and adults
					usually can return to child care, school, or work the day after treatment.

					Persons with crusted scabies and their close contacts, including household members, should be treated rapidly and aggressively to avoid outbreaks. Institutional outbreaks can be difficult to control and require a rapid, aggressive, and sustained response.

					Rooms used by a patient with crusted scabies should be thoroughly cleaned and vacuumed after use.

Prevention

Answer:
Products used to treat scabies are called scabicides because they kill scabies mites; some also kill mite eggs. Scabicides used to treat human scabies are available only with a doctor's prescription. No "over-the-counter" (non-prescription) products have been tested and approved to treat
					scabies.
					Scabicide lotion or cream should be applied to all areas of the body from the neck down to the feet and toes. In addition, when treating infants and young children, scabicide lotion or cream also should be applied to their entire head and neck because scabies can affect their face, scalp, and neck, as
					well as the rest of their body. Only permethrin or sulfur ointment may be used in infants. The lotion or cream should be applied to a clean body and left on for the recommended time before washing it off. Clean clothing should be worn after treatment. Both sexual and close personal contacts who
					have had direct prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person within the preceding month should be examined and treated. All persons should be treated at the same time to prevent reinfestation.

Treatment

Answer:
Scabies treatment involves eliminating the infestation with medications. Several creams and lotions are available with a doctor's prescription. You usually apply the medication over all your body, from your neck down, and leave the medication on for at least eight hours. A second treatment is needed
					if new burrows and rash appear.

					Because scabies spreads so easily, your doctor will likely recommend treatment for all household members and other close contacts, even if they show no signs of scabies infestation.

					Medications commonly prescribed for scabies include:

					Permethrin cream, 5 percent (Elimite). Permethrin is a topical cream that contains chemicals that kill scabies mites and their eggs. It is generally considered safe for adults, pregnant women, and children ages 2 months and older. This medicine is not recommended for nursing mothers.
					Lindane lotion. This medication - also a chemical treatment - is recommended only for people who can't tolerate other approved treatments, or for whom other treatments didn't work. This medication isn't safe for children younger than age 2 years, women who are pregnant or nursing, the elderly, or
					anyone who weighs less than 110 pounds (50 kilograms).
					Crotamiton (Eurax). This medication is available as a cream or a lotion. It's applied once a day for two days. This medication isn't recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or nursing. Frequent treatment failure has been reported with crotamiton.
					Ivermectin (Stromectol). Doctors may prescribe this oral medication for people with altered immune systems, for people who have crusted scabies, or for people who don't respond to the prescription lotions and creams. Ivermectin isn't recommended for women who are pregnant or nursing, or for children who
					weigh less than 33 pounds (15 kg).
					Although these medications kill the mites promptly, you may find that the itching doesn't stop entirely for several weeks.

					Doctors may prescribe other topical medications, such as sulfur compounded in petrolatum, for people who don't respond to or can't use these medications.

treatment

Please inform me of the recommended treatment and prevention protocol for mite infestation in humans, particularly one that is non-toxic or has minimal side effects.


Is it safe to take medications with wine at dinnertime?

Answer:
Mixing alcohol and medicines can be harmful. Alcohol, like some medicines, can make you sleepy, drowsy,or lightheaded. Drinking alcohol while taking medicines can intensify these effects. You may have trouble concentrating or performing mechanical skills. Small amounts of alcohol can
					make it dangerous to drive, and when you mix alcohol with certain medicines you put yourself at even greater risk. Combining alcohol with some medicines can lead to falls and serious injuries, especially among older people.

The answer provided is a summary. The entire pamphlet is useful and provides a list of drugs that interact with alcohol.

Is it safe to take my meds with wine at dinnertime?


oxytetracycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate powder (NEO-OXY 100/100)is used for the treatment of what conditions and in what subjects?

What are the indications and usage guidelines for oxytetracycline hydrochloride and neomycin sulfate powder (NEO-OXY 100/100)?

Answer:
Calves (milk replacer): For Calves (up to 250 lb): For treatment of bacterial enteritis caused by Escheria coli susceptible to oxytetracycline; treatment and control of colibacillosis (bacterial enteritis) caused by Escheria coli susceptible by neomycin. Feed continuously for 7-14 days
					in milk replacer or starter feed. Treatment should continue 24 to 48 hours beyond remission of disease symptoms.
					Calves, Beef Cattle, and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle: For treatment of bacterial enteritis caused by Escheria coli and bacterial pneumonia (shipping fever complex) caused by Pasteurella multocide susceptible to oxytetracycline; treatment and control of colibacillosis (bacterial enteritis) caused by
					Escheria coli susceptible by neomycin. Feed continuously for 7-14 days in feed or milk replacersTreatment should continue 24 to 48 hours beyond remission of disease symptoms.
					Mix Neo-Oxy 100/100 MR with non-medicated milk replacer to provide the following concentrations:Use Level of Oxytetracycline and Neomycin: 10 mg/lb body weight/day

This infromation is in a table in DailyMed.This drug is for veterinary use, not human use.

Answer:
MIXING AND USE DIRECTIONS

					Mix Neo-Oxy 100/100 MR with nonmedicated milk replacer to provide the following concentrations:

					CALVES (milk replacer) - For calves (up to 250 lb) for increased rate of weight gain and improved feed efficiency.

					Oxytetracycline and Neomycin Amount: 0.05-0.1 mg/lb of body weight daily. Feed continuously; in milk replacers or starter feed.

					Lb of Neo-Oxy 100/100 MR per ton of Type C Medicated Feed (1): 0.1-0.2 (2)

					RESIDUE WARNING: Zero day withdrawal. Use of more than one product containing neomycin or failure to follow withdrawal times may result in illegal drug residues.

					For calves (up to 250 lb) for treatment of bacterial enteritis caused by E. coli susceptible to oxytetracycline; treatment and control of colibacillosis (bacterial enteritis) caused by E. coli susceptible to neomycin.

					Oxytetracycline and Neomycin Amount: 10 mg/lb of body weight daily. Feed continuously for 7-14 days in milk replaces or starter feed. If symptoms persist after using 2 or 3 days, consult a veterinarian. Treatment should continue 24 to 48 hours beyond remission of disease symptoms.

					Lb of Neo-Oxy 100/100 MR per ton of Type C Medicated Feed (1): 20 (2)

					RESIDUE WARNING: A withdrawal period has not been established for use in preruminating calves. Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. A milk discard time has not been established for use in lactating dairy cattle. Do not use in female dairy cattle 20 months or older. Withdraw 5 days before
					slaughter. Use of more than one product containing neomycin or failure to follow withdrawal times may result in illegal drug residues.

					CALVES, BEEF CATTLE, AND NONLACTATING DAIRY CATTLE

					For treatment of bacterial enteritis caused by E. coli and bacterial pneumonia (shipping fever complex) caused by Pasteurella multocide susceptible to oxytetracycline; treatment and control of colibacillosis (bacterial enteritis) caused by E. coli susceptible to neomycin.

					Oxytetracycline and Neomycin Amount: 10 mg/lb of body weight daily. Feed continuously for 7-14days in feed or milk replaces. If symptoms persist after using 2 or 3 days, consult a veterinarian. Treatment should continue 24 to 48 hours beyond remission of disease symptoms.

					Lb of Neo-Oxy 100/100 MR per ton of Type C Medicated Feed (1): 20 (2)

					RESIDUE WARNING: A withdrawal period has not been established for use in preruminating calves. Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. A milk discard time has not been established for use in lactating dairy cattle. Do not use in female dairy cattle 20 months or older. Withdraw 5 days before
					slaughter. Use of more than one product containing neomycin or failure to follow withdrawal times may result in illegal drug residues.

					(1) Mixing directions are for example only and are based on mixing 1 lb of dry milk with 1 gallon of water.

					(2) If calf weighs 100 lb, consuming 1 gallon of milk replaced per day.

					FOR USE IN DRY FEEDS ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN LIQUID FEED SUPPLEMENTS.

pkease send me the indication and usage info for this powder. NEO-OXY 100/100 MR - neomycin sulfate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride powder


What causes Hypoglycemia in newborns and is there a way for a pregnant woman to avoid giving birth to a child with Hypoglycemia?

What causes Hypoglycemia in newborns and how to prevent it?

Answer:
Babies need blood sugar (glucose) for energy. Most of that glucose is used by the brain.

					The baby gets glucose from the mother through the placenta before birth. After birth, the baby gets glucose from the mother through her milk or from formula, and the baby also produces it in the liver.

					Glucose level can drop if:

					There is too much insulin in the blood. Insulin is a hormone that pulls glucose from the blood.
					The baby is not producing enough glucose.
					The baby's body is using more glucose than is being produced.
					The baby is not able to feed enough to keep the glucose level up.
					Neonatal hypoglycemia occurs when the newborn's glucose level causes symptoms or is below the level considered safe for the baby's age. It occurs in about 1 to 3 out of every 1,000 births.

					Low blood sugar level is more likely in infants with one or more of these risk factors:

					Born early, has a serious infection, or needed oxygen right after delivery
					Mother has diabetes (these infants are often larger than normal)
					Have slower than usual growth in the womb during pregnancy
					Are smaller in size than normal for their gestational age

					If you have diabetes during pregnancy, work with your health care provider to control your blood sugar level. Be sure that your newborn's blood sugar level is monitored after birth.

Causes and some prevention

What are the reasons for Hypoglycemia in newborns.. and what steps should a pregnent take to avoid this.


Can a CT scan detect diverticulitis or diverticulosis?

Answer: CT scan: This radiology test takes multiple cross-sectional pictures of the body. It is not generally performed to make a diagnosis of diverticulosis, but this type of exam, when done for other reasons, may identify diverticula.

American College of Gastroenterology patient center

Answer:
What tests do doctors use to diagnose diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

					Your doctor may use the following tests to help diagnose diverticulosis and diverticulitis:CT scan

					A computerized tomography (CT) scan uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to create images of your gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

					An x-ray technician performs the procedure in an outpatient center or a hospital. A radiologist reads and reports on the images. You don't need anesthesia for this procedure.

					For a CT scan, a health care professional may give you a solution to drink and an injection of a special dye, called contrast medium. Contrast medium makes the structures inside your body easier to see during the procedure. You'll lie on a table that slides into a tunnel-shaped device that takes
					the x-rays. A CT scan of your colon is the most common test doctors use to diagnose diverticulosis and diverticulitis.

A different answer from above. Answers about tests to diagnose diverticulosis-diverticulitis are relevant.

can diverticulosis or diverticulitis be detected by a cat scan if there is no infection at that time?


What are the most common ways of spreading cold germs?

What makes people succeptible to common cold?

Answer:
Common cold
					Prevention
					To lower your chances of getting sick:

					Always wash your hands. Children and adults should wash hands after nose-wiping, diapering, and using the bathroom, and before eating and preparing food.
					Disinfect your environment. Clean commonly touched surfaces (such as sink handles, door knobs, and sleeping mats) with an EPA-approved disinfectant.
					Choose smaller daycare classes for your children.
					Use instant hand sanitizers to stop the spread of germs.
					Use paper towels instead of sharing cloth towels.
					The immune system helps your body fight off infection. Here are ways to support the immune system:

					Avoid secondhand smoke. It is responsible for many health problems, including colds.
					DO NOT use antibiotics if they are not needed.
					Breastfeed infants if possible. Breast milk is known to protect against respiratory tract infections in children, even years after you stop breastfeeding.
					Drink plenty of fluids to help your immune system work properly.
					Eat yogurt that contains "active cultures." These may help prevent colds. Probiotics may help prevent colds in children.
					Get enough sleep.

considered as prevention question. It can also be seen as a question about risk factors / susceptibility, which are listed as things to avoid, such as smoking

Answer:
Why Some People Are More Likely to Catch a Cold
					The answer may be in your DNA structures

considered as susceptibility question. Both prevention and susceptibility answers are relevant.

i UNDERSTAND CONTAGION AND TRANSFERRENCE OF COLD "GERMS" WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE AFFECTED AND OTHERS NOT?


What is maximum daily dosage of Metformin?

Answer: The maximum recommended daily dose of metformin hydrochloride tablets are 2550 mg in adults and 2000 mg in pediatric patients (10-16 years of age).

Doctor prescribed for type 2 diabetes w/Metformin 500 mg 2 times daily. Pharmacy refused to fill stating overdose of Metformin. Who is right & what is maximum daily dosage of Metformin? Pharmacy is a non-public pharmacy for a major city employer plan provided for employees only.


Could someone who did not get vaccinated for measles in childhood develop SSPE anytime in adulthood?

Could an adult who was not vaccinated for measles get SSPE?

Answer:
Very few cases are seen in the U.S. since the nationwide measles vaccination program. SSPE tends to occur several years after a person has measles, even though the person seems to have fully recovered from the illness. Males are more often affected than females. The disease generally
					occurs in children and adolescents.

Answers about SSPE onset age are relevant

Answer:
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a very rare, but fatal disease of the central nervous system that results from a measles virus infection acquired earlier in life. SSPE generally develops 7 to 10 years after a person has measles, even though the person seems to have fully
					recovered from the illness. Since measles was eliminated in 2000, SSPE is rarely reported in the United States.

					Among people who contracted measles during the resurgence in the United States in 1989 to 1991, 4 to 11 out of every 100,000 were estimated to be at risk for developing SSPE. The risk of developing SSPE may be higher for a person who gets measles before they are two years of age.

My son is 33years of age and did not have the measles vaccination.Could SSPE occur at this age or in the future?


What are the most current findings regarding causation, treatment and therapy for children with Kippel-Tranaunay-Syndrome (KTS)?

What are the current research and treatments for children with Klippel-Trenaunay-Syndrome?

Answer:
Supportive care for Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

					Compression garments-Your doctor may recommend that your child wear tight-fitting pieces of clothing on the affected limb to reduce pain and swelling. They can also help protect your child's limb from bumps and scrapes, which can cause bleeding.
					Heel inserts-If your child's legs are slightly different lengths (less than one inch difference), a heel insert can help your child walk normally.
					Anticoagulant therapy-One of the biggest potential risks of KTS is that a blood clot formed in the abnormal blood vessels may break off and make its way to your child's heart or lungs. Your doctor may recommend medications that thin your child's blood to help prevent blood clots from forming.
					Other medications-Your doctor may also recommend various pain medications and antibiotic medications for your child.
					Surgical care for Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

					Orthopedic Center-KTS can cause your child's foot or leg to become excessively large; in some cases your doctor may recommend an operation.
					An orthopedic surgeon can reshape your child's foot to help him fit it into a shoe.
					An orthopedic surgeon can perform a procedure called epiphysiodesis, which interrupts the growth plate and stops the leg from growing when it's reached a certain length.
					Other surgeries-Your doctor may recommend one of these other surgical procedures if your child's symptoms call for it.
					A surgeon can remove some of your child's excessive problematic veins.
					A surgeon can also help reduce the size of your child's affected limb with a debulking procedure, in which many of the abnormal vessels and some of the overgrown tissue is removed.
					Sclerotherapy -To help shrink and eliminate your child's abnormal veins in the affected area, your doctor may propose the injection of an irritating solution, which causes the veins to collapse. One of our experienced interventional radiologists can perform this procedure.
					Laser therapy-Pulsed dye laser treatments can help lighten your child's capillary malformation (port wine stain). Laser treatment can also speed healing if your child's lesion begins to bleed.

Boston Childrens Hospital

Answer:
There are many different treatment options for patients with KTS depending on your child's symptoms:

					Compression garments, like tight-fitting, elastic sleeves, supply blood flow back to the heart (chronic vein insufficiency). They prevent lymphedema and recurrent bleeding from capillary or venous malformations of the limb. They also protect the limb from trauma. Learn more about compression garments
					(PDF).
					Pain medicine, antibiotics and elevating the limb to manage swelling.
					Medicines to prevent blood clotting (anticoagulant therapy).
					Heel inserts or surgery may be considered when one leg is longer than another.
					Your child may be referred to an orthopedic specialist to help develop a treatment plan.
					Laser therapy to lighten the color of the port wine stain, treat pain or help ulcers or open sores heal.
					Sclerotherapy (SCLAIR-oh-THAIR-uh-pee) to block unneeded veins.
					Some patients with KTS need surgery. This includes:

					Vein ligation: Clamping off a section of veins to prevent blood flow through a damaged section. It promotes blood flow through veins that are not damaged.
					Vein stripping: Using a metal wire to remove swelling inside a damaged vein.
					Vein resection: Removing a section of veins from the body.

Seattle Children's Hospital

ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information.

My granddaughter was born with Klippel-Tranaunay Syndrome...There is very little information about this. We are looking for the current research and treatments available. She is 5 months old now and her leg seems to be most affected. We want to get her help as soon as possible to address
				the symptoms and treat her condition.


What is the treatment for someone who thinks he has taken an overdose of Iron pills?

Answer:
Iron is a mineral found in many over-the-counter supplements. Iron overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this mineral. This can be by accident or on purpose.

					Iron overdose is especially dangerous for children. A severe overdose can happen if a child eats adult multivitamins, such as prenatal vitamins. If the child eats too many pediatric multivitamins, the effect is usually minor.

					This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual overdose. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual overdose. If you or someone you are with overdoses, call your local emergency number (such as 911), or your local poison center can be reached directly by
					calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States.

					Your local poison center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

					Before Calling Emergency
					Have this information ready:

					Person's age, weight, and condition
					Name of the product (ingredients and strength, if known)
					Time it was swallowed
					Amount swallowed
					If the medicine was prescribed for the person

Um...i took 25 iron pills...what do i do...this was last night


What is the likelihood that a person with hereditary rickets will pass it to his or her child?

Answer:
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets can have several patterns of inheritance. When the condition results from mutations in the PHEX gene, it is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern. The PHEX gene is located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In females
					(who have two X chromosomes), a mutation in one of the two copies of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In males (who have only one X chromosome), a mutation in the only copy of the gene in each cell causes the disorder.
					Less commonly, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets can have an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. This form of the condition is often called Dent disease. Like the PHEX gene, the gene associated with Dent disease is located on the X chromosome. In males, one altered copy of the gene in each
					cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females, a mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder. Because it is unlikely that females will have two altered copies of this gene, males are affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more frequently than
					females.
					In a few families, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets has had an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, which means one copy of an altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. The rare condition HHRH has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, which means both copies of
					a gene in each cell have mutations.

Answer:
Hypophosphatemic rickets is most often inherited in an X-linked dominant manner. This means that the gene responsible for the condition is located on the X chromosome, and having only one mutated copy of the gene is enough to cause the condition.

					Because males have only one X chromosome (and one Y chromosome) and females have two X chromosomes, X-linked dominant conditions affect males and females differently. Both males and females can have an X-linked dominant condition. However, because males don't have a second, working copy of the gene
					(as females do), they usually have more severe disease than females.

					If a father has the mutated X-linked gene:
					all of his daughters will inherit the mutated gene (they will all receive his X chromosome)
					none of his sons will inherit the mutated gene (they only inherit his Y chromosome)
					If a mother has the mutated X-linked gene, each of her children (both male and female) has a 50% chance to inherit the mutated gene.

					Less commonly, hypophosphatemic rickets is inherited in an X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive manner.

Answers describing inheritance are relevant

Mother has inherited ricketts. Passing A child but not B child. How likely would B child pass it on their child?


What is fibromyalgia and how is it treated?

What are alternative treatments for fibromyalgia?

Answer:
What do we know about the effectiveness of complementary health approaches for fibromyalgia?
					Although some studies of tai chi, yoga, mindfulness meditation, and biofeedback for fibromyalgia have had promising results, the evidence is too limited to allow definite conclusions to be reached about whether these approaches are helpful.
					It's uncertain whether acupuncture is helpful for fibromyalgia pain.
					Vitamin D supplements may reduce pain in people with fibromyalgia who are deficient in this vitamin.
					Some preliminary research on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for fibromyalgia symptoms has had promising results.

Alternatrive treatments

I suffer with acute fibromyalgia (sp?) and the various drugs my doctor has prescribed for me have little if any effect in helping to control the pain. My doctor has since given me a prescription to have massage therapy which she thought medicare would cover. However, when checking with
				medicare, it turns out that it does not! Can you suggest any other type of treatment?


What is your position on Homozygout MTHFR A1298C (a genetic change) Issues and long term prognosis?

What health issues could be caused by Homozygous MTHFR A1298C and what is the prognosis?

Answer:
MTHFR gene mutation is a genetic change that affects an enzyme involved in breaking down the amino acid homocysteine.[1][2][3] C677T and A1298C are two very common MTHFR gene changes.

					People with MTHFR gene mutations may develop elevated levels of homocysteine in their blood (homocysteinemia) or urine (homocystinuria). Risks for health effects vary depending on the levels of homocysteine.[5]

					High homocysteine levels in the body may occur if the MTHFR enzyme is not functioning normally due to MTHFR mutations such as C677T and A1298C. Elevated levels of homocysteine can also occur if there is a lack of folate or B vitamins. Homocysteine levels also tend to rise with age, smoking, and use
					of certain drugs (such as carbamazepine, methotrexate, and phenytoin).[13][14]

					It is important to ensure that people with and without MTHFR gene mutations receive adequate amounts of folate, choline, and B vitamins (B12, B6, and riboflavin) to mitigate health risks. If adequate nutrition cannot be attained through diet alone, supplementation with folate (e.g., levomefolate
					(5-methyl THF) or folinic acid) and B vitamins is considered.[3][13] Speak to a healthcare professional if you have questions about your nutrition or need for vitamin supplementation.

Covers health issues

Answer:
Outlook (Prognosis)
					Although no cure exists for homocystinuria, vitamin B therapy can help about half of people affected by the condition.

					If the diagnosis is made in childhood, starting a low-methionine diet quickly may prevent some intellectual disability and other complications of the disease. For this reason, some states screen for homocystinuria in all newborns.

					People whose blood homocysteine levels continue to rise are at increased risk for blood clots. Clots can cause serious medical problems and shorten lifespan.

					Possible Complications
					Most serious complications result from blood clots. These episodes can be life-threatening.

					Dislocated lenses of the eyes can seriously damage vision. Lens replacement surgery may be needed.

					Intellectual disability is a serious consequence of the disease. But, it can be reduced if diagnosed early.

Covers prognosis for those who develop homocystinuria

What is your position on Homozygout MTHFR A1298C Health Issues and long term prognosis?


Is a high dose, 50,000 IUs, of vitamin D safe if you have a deficiency? Can high doses cause flatulence or other side effects?

Is 50,000 IUs per week of Vitamin D safe and can it cause flatulence?

Answer:
Can vitamin D be harmful?
					Yes, when amounts in the blood become too high. Signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, constipation, weakness, and weight loss. And by raising blood levels of calcium, too much vitamin D can cause confusion, disorientation, and problems with heart rhythm. Excess vitamin D can
					also damage the kidneys.The upper limit for vitamin D is 1,000 to 1,500 IU/day for infants, 2,500 to 3,000 IU/day for children 1-8 years, and 4,000 IU/day for children 9 years and older, adults, and pregnant and lactating teens and women. Vitamin D toxicity almost always occurs from overuse of
					supplements. Excessive sun exposure doesn't cause vitamin D poisoning because the body limits the amount of this vitamin it produces.

some websites report flatulence caused by constipation, which is caused by vitamin d. The answer is mostly about other effects and safe doses, but getting the flatulence part only answers the first subquestion

Can high doses of Vitamin D (50,000 IUs per week) cause flatulence, among other possible effects? And is such a high dose safe to raise very low levels of Vitamin D in the body?


What causes shingles and how can it be prevented?

Answer:
How Can You Reduce Your Risk of Getting Shingles?
					Vaccination is the only way to reduce your risk of shingles and PHN. CDC recommends adults age 60 years or older receive a single dose of shingles vaccine. Zostavax'ae is the only shingles vaccine currently available. It is available by prescription from a healthcare professional. Talk with your doctor or
					pharmacist if you have questions about the shingles vaccine.

it is OK if an answer mentions asking or visiting a doctor, but only in addition to specific information that directly answers the question. Just answering go see your doctor is not very useful -- it is our standard disclaimer. in this task, we aim to provide information that will
					allow better communicate with the doctor

I am looking for information on how to prevent a shingles outbreak.


What medication should a 65 year old male use for leg pain?

Answer:
Take over-the-counter pain medicines like acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
					2. Try over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve)

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003182.htm
					2. http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/leg-pain/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20050784

The question is underspecified as the cause is not given. Any answers listing over the counter pain killers generally acceptable for long-term use are fine.

my father age 65 his always leg pain which use medicine


What are the chances that a person with CVID, who also has a thyroid tumor, will get cancer?

What is the risk of cancer in a person with CVID and thyroid tumor?

Answer:
1. The long-term outlook (prognosis) and life expectancy for people with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) varies. The prognosis largely depends on whether there is severe autoimmune disease; whether there are recurrent infections that cause structural lung damage; and the development of a
					malignancy (cancer). Other major factors that influence prognosis include the extent of organ damage and how successfully infections can be prevented.
					Affected people who have only bacterial infections have a better prognosis than those with additional complications and can have nearly normal life expectancy. This is especially the case if they are diagnosed early and begin treatment soon after the onset of symptoms.

					2. In some cases, abnormal growth of small nodules of lymphoid tissue in the gastrointestinal tract (nodular lymphoid hyperplasia) may occur. In addition, an increased percent of individuals with CVID are more prone to developing certain forms of cancer than the general population such as
					malignancies of lymphatic tissue (lymphoma) and possibly stomach cancer). The risk of gastric carcinoma is almost 50 times greater in patients with CVID than in other individuals.

					In addition, some individuals with CVID may develop granular, inflammatory nodules (noncaseating granulomas) within tissue of the skin, lungs, spleen, and/or liver.

					3. Of the 411 subjects with known follow-up (87% of the cohort), 93 patients (19.6%) had died.
					The median age at death was 44 years for females (range 10-90 years) and 42 years for
					males (range 9-79 years), not significantly different. The predominant causes of death
					included respiratory failure from chronic lung disease, lymphoid or other malignancy, or
					overwhelming infections (TABLE 6). To further examine the mortality of this cohort, we
					compared those with known long term follow-up, 226 females (48%) and 185 males (39%)
					to age-matched population controls. The survival of both male (p=0.0001) and female
					(p=0.0001) CVID subjects was significantly reduced as compared to 1994 United States
					reference information.34 (FIGURE 1) The risk of death in this interval was nearly 11 times
					higher for CVID patients with one or more of the non-infectious complications, than for
					subjects who had infections only (HR=10.96; p=0.0001) (TABLE 7). Kaplan-Meier Analysis
					confirmed this observation, with a long term survival of 95% for patients without versus 42%
					for those with non-infectious complications (FIGURE 2). These data agree with a previous
					study on CVID subjects from the ESID registry.7
					However, we found here that not all complications were associated with reduced survival. Patients with gastrointestinal disease
					(HR 2.78; p=0.0004), liver disease/hepatitis (HR 2.48; p=0.0003), lymphoma (HR 2.44;
					p=0.001), chronic lung disease including radiological and/or functional lung disease as
					described above (HR 2.06; p=0.001), or malabsorption (HR 2.06; p=0.022) had reduced
					survival in this interval, as compared to CVID patients without these particular complications.
					In contrast, patients with any of the autoimmune conditions, cancers other
					than lymphoma, history of splenectomy, presence of granulomatous disease, or the
					development of bronchiectasis alone, did not have significantly reduced survival over the 4
					decades of study.

1. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6140/common-variable-immunodeficiency
					2. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/common-variable-immune-deficiency/
					3. http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/bloodjournal/early/2011/12/16/blood-2011-09-377945.full.pdf?sso-checked=true

I have recently been diagnosed with CVID. As a person with thyroid a thyroid tumor greater than 1 cm. and several thyroid cysys I am concerned about cancer. What are the current stats. The tumor is being monitored by my endocrinologist.


What are the different types of diabetes and how do they affect the body?

Answer:
Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, the more common
					type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood. You can also have prediabetes. This means that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. Having prediabetes puts you at a higher risk of getting
					type 2 diabetes. Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause serious problems. It can damage your eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Diabetes can also cause heart disease, stroke and even the need to remove a limb. Pregnant women can also get diabetes, called gestational diabetes.


How do I taper off from WELLBUTRIN XL 150 mg/day?

Answer:
1. he tapered off bupropion SR, taking 150 mg/day for 4 days followed by 150 mg every other day for 8 days (4 total doses) and 150 mg every third day for 6 days (2 total doses) without further complications.
					2. For patients taking 300 mg/day during the autumn-winter season, the dose should be tapered to 150 mg/day for 2 weeks prior to discontinuation.
					Adverse events with onset during the 2 weeks following down-titration of WELLBUTRIN XL from 300 mg/day to 150 mg/day were reported by 14% of patients compared to 18% of patients who continued on placebo.

					Adverse events with onset during the 2 weeks following discontinuation of WELLBUTRIN XL were reported by 9% of patients compared with 12% of patients following discontinuation of placebo.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC181057/
					2. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=8985

any site that provides a schedule for tapering is fine, e.g., http://survivingantidepressants.org/index.php?/topic/877-tips-for-tapering-off-wellbutrin-ir-sr-xr-xl-bupropion/


Is it recommended for patients on Lipitor to have their liver function monitored by blood testing every six months.

Is it recommended for patients with history of alcoholism who take Lipitor to have their liver function monitored every six months?

Answer: prospective monitoring of serum enzymes upon initiating atorvastatin therapy is no longer recommended. Clinically apparent liver injury attributed to atorvastatin is usually self-limited and recovery is complete within 1 to 4 months.

lipitor is atorvastatin

Periodic liver tests for patients on Lipitor

I was told at one point that anyone on Lipitor should have blood screening for liver damage every 6 months. Is this currently still the recommendation? NOTE: Although I am in recovery, I also have a history of alcoholism.


Is a calcium supplement beneficial for persons who have osteoporosis, and will the addition of magnesium be of greater benefit?

Is a calcium supplement beneficial for osteoporosis, and should it be taken with magnesium?

Answer:
1. It's also a good idea to take your calcium supplements at a different time from your multivitamin or an iron-rich meal. Calcium may not be absorbed as well if it's taken at the same time as iron, zinc or magnesium.
					2. Vitamin D intake: this nutrient, obtained from food and produced by skin when exposed to sunlight of sufficient intensity, improves calcium absorption.
					3. In 1993, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized a health claim related to calcium and osteoporosis for foods and supplements [58]. In January 2010, this health claim was expanded to include vitamin D. Model health claims include the following: "Adequate calcium throughout life, as
					part of a well-balanced diet, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis" and "Adequate calcium and vitamin D as part of a healthful diet, along with physical activity, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life"

http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058238
					2. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-HealthProfessional/
					3. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-HealthProfessional/

calcium with magnesium is wrong; they shouldn't be taken together. It's not necessary to take vitamin D with calcium but it doesn't hurt.

Hi I have heard in order to get benefit of calcium, it should take with Magnesium, is that right ? I bought Calcium Castco ( Kirkland ) brand with D please let me know if is good for me because I am osteoporosis . Please help me . thanks


Where can one be tested for Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) and Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Southern California? Are the symptoms for those diseases similar?

Are the symptoms of EDS and Osteogenesis Imperfecta similar and where can one be tested for these diseases in Southern California?

Answer:
1. Invitae Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Panel
					Laboratory contact: 1400 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94103, United States
					2. Invitae Osteogenesis Imperfecta Panel

					3. The milder forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, including type I, are characterized by bone fractures during childhood and adolescence that often result from minor trauma. Fractures occur less frequently in adulthood. People with mild forms of the condition typically have a blue or grey tint to
					the part of the eye that is usually white (the sclera), and may develop hearing loss in adulthood. Affected individuals are usually of normal or near normal height.

					Other types of osteogenesis imperfecta are more severe, causing frequent bone fractures that may begin before birth and result from little or no trauma. Additional features of these conditions can include blue sclerae, short stature, hearing loss, respiratory problems, and a disorder of tooth
					development called dentinogenesis imperfecta. The most severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, particularly type II, can include an abnormally small, fragile rib cage and underdeveloped lungs. Infants with these abnormalities have life-threatening problems with breathing and often die shortly
					after birth.

					4. Symptoms of EDS include:

					Back pain
					Double-jointedness
					Easily damaged, bruised, and stretchy skin
					Easy scarring and poor wound healing
					Flat feet
					Increased joint mobility, joints popping, early arthritis
					Joint dislocation
					Joint pain
					Premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy
					Very soft and velvety skin
					Vision problems

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/tests/553788/laboratory/
					2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/tests/551762/
					3. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta
					4. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001468.htm

providing only a link to https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/ is fine, it's also fine to provide http://www.oif.org/site/DocServer/Fact_Sheet_Testing_Labs.pdf?docID=17844
					the disorders don't have common symptoms; returning symptoms of each is fine

I would like to know if you can point me in the direction of a laboratory in Southern California, Specifically San Bernardino County or LA County or even Riverside County that does genetic testing for EDS or Osteogenesis Imperfecta and do you know if the two diseases are similiar in
				symptoms? Thank you for you help and time.


Can chronic cervicitis cause infertility? Why would tampons cause inflammation?

Answer:
1. Cervicitis will go away within a few days to a week after you start taking antibiotics. If you have pelvic inflammatory disease, it may take a few weeks to treat the infection completely. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause more serious problems, such as infertility or pain from
					scar tissue.
					2. Cervicitis may last for months to years. Cervicitis may lead to pain with intercourse (dyspareunia).

1. http://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/cervicitis
					2. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001495.htm

Hello! I have acute chronic cervicitis caused by tampon use. It took a year and a half of treatment (medicines, cauterization), but the symptoms do not stop inflammation and analyzes not determined that bacteria produce inflammation me. I wonder if, despite not being a sexual cervicitis
				infection, it can cause infertility. And that's what makes a tampon that causes inflammation. Thank you very much!


How does trisomy 7 affect the body and are there any treatments for it?

Answer:
1. Trisomy 7 is extremely rare at birth and is generally considered lethal in embryogenesis. All surviving children are mosaics with variable and nonspecific clinical features. Chromosomal mosaicism may be suggested by body asymmetry and/or Blaschkolinear skin pigmentary dysplasia
					associated with developmental delay. Cultured skin fibroblasts cytogenetic analysis confirms mosaicism and identifies its chromosomal origin. In amniocytes, trisomy 7 is frequently a cell culture artifact leading to single- or multiple-cell pseudomosaicism with normal fetal outcome.

					2. 7q11.23 duplication syndrome is considered to be an autosomal dominant condition, which means one copy of chromosome 7 with the duplication in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Most cases result from a duplication that occurs during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and
					sperm) or in early fetal development. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family. Less commonly, an affected person inherits the chromosome with a duplicated segment from a parent.

					3. Rearrangements of chromosomes include deletions of DNA sequences and duplications of segments, both of which can encompass thousands to hundreds of thousands of bases. Why do these large rearrangements occur? For one, certain structural features of the genome, also referred to as genome
					architecture, can render various regions fragile and thus prone to events such as chromosome breakage, which often result in translocations, deletions, and duplications. Often, these alterations happen due to errors during cell division when chromosomes align (Figure 1). Homologous
					recombination between areas of concentrated repeated sequences frequently creates deletions and duplications. Because they commonly involve more than one gene, the disorders caused by these large deletion and duplication mutations are often severe.

1. http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v13/n9/full/5201442a.html

					2. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/7q1123-duplication-syndrome#inheritance

					3. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/dna-deletion-and-duplication-and-the-associated-331

there is no specific information for Trisomy 7 causes -- general information on causes of duplication is relevant.

trisomy 7. i am a 32 y/o who has had 4 miscarriages in the past 19 months. Upon my last DNC two weeks ago revealed a genetics study diagnosis of the baby having trisomy 7. could you offer me any information on this? could this have been maternal or paternal? is this something i would be
				a carrier of? What are the causes? i have tried but haven't found much information


Does metformin cause high blood pressure?

Answer: 1. This meta-analysis suggested that metformin could effectively lower SBP in nondiabetic patients, especially in those with impaired glucose tolerance or obesity.

Answer: 2. Metformin does not significantly affect BP in patients with Type 2 diabetes intensively treated with insulin.

1. http://journals.lww.com/jhypertension/Abstract/2017/01000/Effects_of_metformin_on_blood_pressure_in.4.aspx
					2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15975107

pages with patients' discussions about metformin that contain answers are also relevant, so are the lists of metformin side effects


Is aclidinium a steroid? Is it contraindicated within 12 months prior to cataract surgery?

Is aclidinium a steroid and is it contraindicated within 12 months prior to cataract surgery?

Answer:
1. Aclidinium is in a class of medications called bronchodilators. It works by relaxing and opening the air passages to the lungs to make breathing easier.

					2. There are currently six muscarinic receptor antagonists licenced for use in the treatment of COPD, the short-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (SAMAs) ipratropium bromide and oxitropium bromide and the long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs) aclidinium bromide, tiotropium
					bromide, glycopyrronium bromide and umeclidinium bromide. Concerns have been raised about possible associations of muscarinic receptor antagonists with cardiovascular safety, but the most advanced compounds seem to have an improved safety profile.

					3. The use of TUDORZA PRESSAIR is contraindicated in the following conditions:
					*Severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.5)] *Hypersensitivity to aclidinium bromide or any of the excipients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]

1. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a613001.html
					2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27787709
					3. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=acdd5932-375b-4966-8a06-3806ab74c36d#section-4

for the cataract surgery sub-question, providing the contraindications is relevant

is this a steroid? is there a problem using this if there is a possibility of the need for cataract surgery within the next 12 months?


What are the effects of smoking and/or nicotine on the digestive system?

What are the effects of smoking on the  digestive system?

Answer:
1. Smoking has been found to increase the risk of cancers of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. Research suggests that smoking may also increase the risk of cancers of the liver, colon, and rectum.
					Smoking increases the risk of heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
					Smoking increases the risk of peptic ulcers.
					Smoking may worsen some liver diseases, including primary biliary cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
					Current and former smokers have a higher risk of developing Crohn's disease than people who have never smoked.
					People who smoke are more likely to develop colon polyps.
					Smoking increases the risk of developing pancreatitis.
					Some studies have shown that smoking may increase the risk of developing gallstones.

					2. Epidemiological and experimental evidence have shown that nicotine has harmful effects on the gastric mucosa. The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking or nicotine adversely affect the gastric mucosa have not been fully elucidated. In this report, clinical and experimental data are reviewed.
					The effects of nicotine from smoking on gastric aggressive or defensive factors are discussed. Nicotine potentiates gastric aggressive factors and attenuates defensive factors; it also increases acid and pepsin secretions, gastric motility, duodenogastric reflux of bile salts, the risk of
					Helicobacter pylori infection, levels of free radicals, and platelet-activating factor, endothelin generation, and vasopressin secretion. Additionally, nicotine impairs the therapeutic effect of H2-receptor antagonists and decreases prostaglandin synthesis, gastric mucosal blood flow, mucus
					secretion, and epidermal growth factor secretion. Although many of the studies provide conflicting results, the bulk of the evidence supports the hypothesis that nicotine is harmful to the gastric mucosa.

1. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/smoking-digestive-system
					2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7915701

information about smoking or nicotine effects is relevant

kindly explain the general effects of smoking or rather the effects of nicotine to digestion and arbsoption


Does Fibromyalgia cause swelling in your body?

Can Fibromyalgia cause  feet and ankle swelling?

Answer:
1. Fibromyalgia is a disorder that causes muscle pain and fatigue. People with fibromyalgia have "tender points" on the body. Tender points are specific places on the neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. These points hurt when pressure is put on them.

					People with fibromyalgia may also have other symptoms, such as

					Trouble sleeping
					Morning stiffness
					Headaches
					Painful menstrual periods
					Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
					Problems with thinking and memory (sometimes called "fibro fog")

					2. Foot, leg, and ankle swelling is common when the person also:

					Is overweight
					Has a blood clot in the leg
					Is older
					Has a leg infection
					Has veins in the legs that cannot properly pump blood back to the heart
					Injury or surgery involving the leg, ankle, or foot can also cause swelling. Swelling may also occur after pelvic surgery, especially for cancer.

					Long airplane flights or car rides, as well as standing for long periods of time, often lead to some swelling in the feet and ankles.

					Swelling may occur in women who take estrogen, or during parts of the menstrual cycle. Most women have some swelling during pregnancy. More severe swelling during pregnancy may be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition that includes high blood pressure and swelling.

					Swollen legs may be a sign of heart failure, kidney failure, or liver failure. In these conditions, there is too much fluid in the body.

					Certain medicines may also cause your legs to swell. Some of these are:

					Antidepressants, including MAO inhibitors and tricyclics
					Blood pressure medicines called calcium channel blockers
					Hormones, such as estrogen (in birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy) and testosterone
					Steroids

1. https://medlineplus.gov/fibromyalgia.html
					2. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003104.htm

both the answers about Fibromyalgia symptoms and causes of swelling are relevant

sswollen feet ankles legs I have fibromyalgia

When suffering from fibromyalgia will that cause swollen in your body . The swollen started yesterday


Can cancer spread through blood contact?

Answer:
A healthy person cannot "catch" cancer from someone who has it. There is no evidence that close contact or things like sex, kissing, touching, sharing meals, or breathing the same air can spread cancer from one person to another.

					Cancer cells from one person are generally unable to live in the body of another healthy person. A healthy person's immune system recognizes foreign cells and destroys them, including cancer cells from another person.

Sir, after giving an insulin injection to my uncle who is a cancer patient the needle accidentally pined my finger. Is there a problem for me? Plz reply.


What is plantar fasiciitis, and how is it treated?

Is plantar fasciitis aggravated by weight bearing; what else could aggravate it?

Answer:
You are more likely to get plantar fasciitis if you:

					Have foot arch problems (both flat feet and high arches)
					Run long distances, downhill or on uneven surfaces
					Are obese or gain weight suddenly
					Have a tight Achilles tendon (the tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel)
					Wear shoes with poor arch support or soft soles
					Change your activities

Is it true that more likely than not that Plantar fasiciitis could be aggravated by a consistancy of weight bearing activities? Are there other forms of aggravation? if so will you please inform me.


Can Lipnodes and/or Liver cancer be detected in an upper GI endoscopy?

Can Liver cancer be detected in an upper GI endoscopy?

Answer:
1. Upper GI endoscopy can identify many different diseases

					anemia
					gastroesophageal reflux disease
					ulcers
					cancer
					inflammation, or swelling
					precancerous abnormalities
					celiac disease

					2. Tests for Liver Cancer

					If you have some of the signs and symptoms of liver cancer, your doctor will try to find if they are caused by liver cancer or something else.

					Medical history and physical exam
					Imaging tests: Ultrasound, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Angiography

					Needle biopsy: A hollow needle is placed through the skin in the abdomen and into the liver. The skin is first numbed with local anesthesia before the needle is placed. Different-sized needles may be used.

					Laparoscopic biopsy: Biopsy specimens can also be taken during laparoscopy. This lets the doctor see the surface of the liver and take samples of abnormal-appearing areas.

					Surgical biopsy: An incisional biopsy (removing a piece of the tumor) or an excisional biopsy (removing the entire tumor and some surrounding normal liver tissue) can be done during an operation.

					Lab tests

1. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy
					2. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html

any pages on diagnostic procedures for liver cancer are relevant. Pages on diseases identified using upper gi endoscopy are also relevant

CAN LIPNODES AND OR LIVER CANCER BE DETECTED IN A UPPER GI


Can an abscessed tooth cause a heart attack?

Answer:
1. A heart attack happens if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart can't get oxygen. Most heart attacks occur as a result of coronary heart disease (CHD).

					2. Endocarditis (EN-do-kar-DI-tis) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. This lining is called the endocardium (en-do-KAR-de-um). The condition also is called infective endocarditis (IE).

					The term "endocarditis" also is used to describe an inflammation of the endocardium due to other conditions. This article only discusses endocarditis related to infection.

					IE occurs if bacteria, fungi, or other germs invade your bloodstream and attach to abnormal areas of your heart. The infection can damage your heart and cause serious and sometimes fatal complications.

					IE can develop quickly or slowly; it depends on what type of germ is causing it and whether you have an underlying heart problem. When IE develops quickly, it's called acute infective endocarditis. When it develops slowly, it's called subacute infective endocarditis.

					Overview

					IE mainly affects people who have:

					Damaged or artificial (man-made) heart valves
					Congenital heart defects (defects present at birth)
					Implanted medical devices in the heart or blood vessels
					People who have normal heart valves also can have IE. However, the condition is much more common in people who have abnormal hearts.

					Certain factors make it easier for bacteria to enter your bloodstream. These factors put you at higher risk for IE. For example, poor dental hygiene and unhealthy teeth and gums increase your risk for the infection.

1. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/causes
					2. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/endo

both answers on causes of heart attack and the connection between oral infection and heart disease are relevant

Can an abscess teeth cause a heart attack


What is ischemic syncope stroke and how is it diagnosed?

Answer:
1. The defining characteristics of syncope include rapid onset with transient loss of consciousness usually accompanied by falling, followed by spontaneous, complete, and usually prompt recovery without intervention. Because some patients use the term dizziness to describe syncopal
					events, it is important to ask patients exactly what they mean by dizziness and whether loss of consciousness occurred.

					Syncope must be differentiated from vertigo, coma, drop attacks, dizziness, sudden cardiac death, and seizures. Vertigo (i.e., sensation of movement) does not include loss of consciousness. Coma involves loss of consciousness without spontaneous recovery. Drop attacks involve sudden falls without loss
					of consciousness or warning and with immediate recovery. Drop attacks may be idiopathic but also have several specific causes (e.g., underlying cardiovascular disease, spondylotic osteophytes or colloidal cysts that transiently block the vertebral arteries or cerebral aqueduct, vertebrobasilar
					stroke). The typical signs of epileptic seizures include dejavu, tongue lacerations, limb jerking, and postictal confusion but not common signs of syncope, such as prodromal diaphoresis, palpitations, or provocation by prolonged sitting or standing. Although limb jerking is noted in 15 percent
					of syncopal patients, the other typical signs of seizures are absent.

					2. Correct and early diagnosis of TIA versus mimics is critical because early interventions (e.g., antiplatelet agents, statin therapy, blood pressure-lowering therapy, anticoagulation when appropriate) can lead to an 80 percent reduction in risk of recurrent ischemic events. The most common TIA
					mimics are seizures, migraines, metabolic disturbances, and syncope. Mimics are more likely with gradual onset of symptoms and with nonspecific symptoms (Table 113), such as memory loss or headache.


What are the components of Coenzyme and is it useable for Muslims?

What are the components of Coenzyme Q10(100-mg) and is it halal?

Answer:
1. GNC Preventive Nutrition CoQ-10 100 mg Coenzyme Q-10 100 mg; Other Ingredients: Soybean oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Chlorophyll, Titanium Dioxide (Natural Mineral Whitener). No Sugar, No Starch, No Artificial Colors, No Artificial Flavors, No preservatives, No Wheat, No Gluten, No Corn,
					No Dairy, Yeast Free.

					2. Metabolic Maintenance CoQ10 (Veggie Capsules) Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid), CoEnzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone), vegetarian capsule, l-leucine.

1. http://www.consumerlab.com/ingredients/Coenzyme_Q10%20/coq10_old/
					2. https://www.toxinless.com/coenzyme-q10

COENZYME Q10(100-mg). WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THIS MEDICINE? IS IT USEABLE FOR MUSLIMS?


What doctor specializes in testing for and treating autoimmune diseases?

What doctor specializes in testing for and treatment of autoimmune disorders?

Answer:
Since autoimmune diseases vary greatly in presentation, many different physician specialists care for patients with these disorders. The specialist is usually skilled in treating diseases of a particular system. For example: rheumatologists tend to treat diseases affecting the joints
					and connective tissue; neurologists, autoimmune diseases of the central and/or peripheral nervous system; dermatologists; diseases of the skin; gastroenterologists, diseases of the intestinal tract; and endocrinologists, diseases of endocrine organs. It can be truly said that physicians of any
					specialty may encounter patients with autoimmune disease.

What doctor specializes in testing for and treatment of autoimmune illness?


Could effexor cause ED and in what doses?

Answer:
The recommended starting dose for Effexor is 75 mg/day, administered in two or three divided doses, taken with food. Depending on tolerability and the need for further clinical effect, the dose may be increased to 150 mg/day. If needed, the dose should be further increased up to 225
					mg/day. When increasing the dose, increments of up to 75 mg/day should be made at intervals of no less than 4 days. In outpatient settings there was no evidence of usefulness of doses greater than 225 mg/day for moderately depressed patients, but more severely depressed inpatients responded to
					a mean dose of 350 mg/day. Certain patients, including more severely depressed patients, may therefore respond more to higher doses, up to a maximum of 375 mg/day, generally in three divided doses

recommended doses of effexor are relevant

Answer:
Antidepressants most likely to cause sexual side effects include:

					Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Selfemra), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva) and sertraline (Zoloft).
					Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), which include venlafaxine (Effexor XR), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq, Khedezla) and duloxetine (Cymbalta).
					Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, nortriptyline (Pamelor) and clomipramine (Anafranil).
					Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil) and tranylcypromine (Parnate). However, selegiline (Emsam), a newer MAOI that you stick on your skin as a patch, has a low risk of sexual side effects.
					If you're taking an antidepressant that causes sexual side effects, your doctor may recommend one of these strategies:

					Waiting several weeks to see whether sexual side effects get better.
					Engaging in sexual activity before taking an antidepressant if your antidepressant requires a once-a-day dose.
					Adjusting the dose of your antidepressant to reduce the risk of sexual side effects. But always talk with your doctor before changing your dose.
					Switching to another antidepressant that may be less likely to cause sexual side effects.
					Adding a second antidepressant or another type of medication to counter sexual side effects. For example, the addition of the antidepressant bupropion or the anti-anxiety medication buspirone may ease sexual side effects caused by an antidepressant.
					Adding a medication to improve sexual function, such as sildenafil (Viagra, Revatio), tadalafil (Adcirca, Cialis) or vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn). Although these medications are used to treat sexual problems in men, initial research suggests sildenafil may also improve sexual problems caused by
					antidepressants in some women.

answers about mitigating the ED effects of effexor are relevant, e.g., http://www.pharmatherapist.com/articles/8-tips-for-managing-antidepressant-induced-sexual-dysfunction

how does effextor cause ED and what is the mimimum amount that causes ED.
				I take effexor. Is there a mimimum amount that will not cause ED


How long has Non-aspirin NSAID been implicated in erectile dysfunction?

Could NSAIDS cause erectile  dysfunction?

Answer:
Non-aspirin NSAID use was associated with an increased risk of mild/moderate ED (HR 1.16; P = 0.02) and aspirin use was associated with an increased risk of severe ED (HR 1.16; P = 0.03, respectively). The associations of NSAID use with ED risk were attenuated after controlling for
					indications for NSAID use.

					CONCLUSIONS:
					The modest associations of NSAID use with ED risk in the present cohort were probably attributable to confounding indications for NSAID use. NSAID use was not associated with ED risk.

PubMed paper title: Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug use Not Associated with Erectile Dysfunction Risk: Results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. News articles that discuss the limitations of the studies confirming ED association with NSAIDS, such as
					http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Wellness/nsaid-tied-erectile-dysfunction/story?id=13074655 are relevant

How long has this non prescription drug been implicated in erectile dysfunction?


What is aortic stenosis, and is there anything I should do about it?

Answer: The aorta is the main artery that carries blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. Blood flows out of the heart and into the aorta through the aortic valve. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does not open fully. This decreases blood flow from the heart.

i want to know more about aeortic stenosis


What causes increase in white blood cell count?

Answer:
A high white blood cell count usually indicates:

					An increased production of white blood cells to fight an infection
					A reaction to a drug that increases white blood cell production
					A disease of bone marrow, causing abnormally high production of white blood cells
					An immune system disorder that increases white blood cell production
					Specific causes of a high white blood cell count include:

					Acute lymphocytic leukemia
					Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
					Allergy, especially severe allergic reactions
					Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
					Chronic myelogenous leukemia
					Drugs, such as corticosteroids and epinephrine
					Infections, bacterial or viral
					Myelofibrosis
					Polycythemia vera
					Rheumatoid arthritis
					Smoking
					Stress, such as severe emotional or physical stress
					Tuberculosis
					Whooping cough

any pages about the causes of Leukocytosis (high white blood cell count or high WBC) are relevant


Define temperature exposure and expiration data with regard to pharmacy and warehouse storage for Glimepiride.

What are Glimepiride Storage requirements for pharmacy and warehouse?

Answer:
1. Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the
					proper disposal of your medication.

					2. Store at 20 degrees-25 degrees C (68 degrees -77 degrees F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

					Dispense in well-closed containers with safety closures.

1. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696016.html#storage-conditions
					2. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=07ad4366-4b21-f633-49f3-c2b35f88168d

Glimepiride Storage & Alloweable Excursion Data

Can you please provide Glimepiride storage & allowable temperature excursion data, specifically for pharmacy and warehouse storage