Question: who formed the commonwealth of independent states

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is an international organization formed by the former Soviet Union countries, established on December 8, 1991, at Belovezhskaya Pushcha in Belarus. Leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine agreed on the creation of CIS and opened it to all Soviet Union republics.

The passage describes three international organizations: the Arab League, formed in 1945 for cultural, economic, military, political, and social cooperation among independent Arab states; the Commonwealth of Independent States, an alliance of former Soviet Socialist Republics established in 1991; and the United Nations, an organization of independent states founded in 1945 to promote international peace and security.

A commonwealth is an independent state or community within a republic, such as Pennsylvania in the U.S.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was formed on December 8, 1991, through the Belovezh Accords, signifying the end of the Soviet Union.

Russia was an empire until 1917, when it became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). From 1857, Russia issued stamps, and when the USSR formed, socialist republics like Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Ukraine were allowed to issue their own stamps. In 1991, the USSR disintegrated, and 11 former Soviet Republics established the Commonwealth of Independent

The League of Nations, an international organization established in 1920 to foster cooperation and peace among nations, despite being proposed by Woodrow Wilson, failed to include the United States as a member. It was disbanded in 1946 following the formation of the United Nations. The United Nations, created in 1945, is an organization of independent states aimed at promoting international peace and security. The Commonwealth of Independent States is an alliance consisting of former Soviet Socialist

The passage provides a historical account of Kenya's heads of state from 1963 to the present. From 1963 to 1964, the Queen of Kenya, Elizabeth II, served as the head of state, despite being the Monarch of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. She was represented in Kenya by a Governor-General.

On July 6, 1992, the Agreement establishing the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States was signed, which included the Provision on the Economic Court as its foundational legal basis.

The passage describes three international organizations: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), created in 1949 for collective security; IS (Commonwealth of Independent States), an alliance formed in 1991 by former Soviet Socialist Republics; and UN (United Nations), an organization established in 1945 to promote international peace and security.

Belarus and Russia established the Commonwealth of Independent States, which was later joined by eight other ex-Soviet republics.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional organization established during the Soviet Union's dissolution. Alternatively known as the Russian Commonwealth, it is composed of several independent countries.

The passage explains that out of the 50 states in the US, only four – Massachusetts, Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania – have the label of commonwealth. The text questions if there is any distinction between these commonwealths and other states.

The passage explains that the term "commonwealth" for US states is merely a historical designation, referring to those that were once part of the British Empire. There is no functional difference between commonwealth and regular states. There are four commonwealths in the US: Massachusetts, Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania.

The Virginia Colony declared its independence as the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1775, and later became a state in the United States on June 25, 1788. Its territory was later divided into several other states after the formation of the US.

Australia formed the Commonwealth on January 1, 1901, marking the first step towards self-governance. Wealth from goldrushes fueled the desire for independence from British laws. Australia officially gained independence in 1931 with recognition under the Statute of Westminster, making it one of the founding members of the Commonwealth.

A commonwealth is a grouping of states or entities for the common good, with examples including the Commonwealths of Australia, New Zealand, Virginia (US), the Commonwealth of Nations (mostly former British Empire countries), and the Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Republics).

Tasmania, since 1901, is a state of the Commonwealth of Australia with the Australian Constitution governing its relationship. The Constitution granted legislative and judicial powers to the Commonwealth while Tasmania maintains independence in all other areas.

In December 1991, Yeltsin, the leaders of Ukraine and Belarus met in Brest to establish the Commonwealth of Independent States, marking the end of the Soviet Union. On December 25, the Soviet hammer and sickle flag was lowered from the Kremlin and replaced by the Russian tricolor. Earlier that day, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as Soviet Union president, making Boris Yeltsin the president of the

The Bahamas, a country with over 270 years of continuous changes in government, is governed by a Parliament Democracy with a Prime Minister leading the Executive Branch. This long history of political stability makes The Bahamas one of the most stable countries in the world. Before gaining independence in 1973, The Bahamas was a British colony.

The Pennsylvania quarter in the 50 State Quarters Program showcases the statue Commonwealth, an outlines map of the state, its motto "Virtue, Liberty, Independence," and a keystone. The statue is a symbolic female figure.

The Australian dollar serves as the currency for Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island, Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) international statistical committee published a report on average salaries in all former Soviet republics for the first five months of 2008, except for Uzbekistan.

In 2006, 16 out of 53 Commonwealth countries had Queen Elizabeth II as their titular head of state, despite not being part of the United Kingdom. All these countries recognized her as their Head of State individually, while maintaining their full independence.

The Head of a state in monarchy, federation, republic, commonwealth or any other political system serves as the chief public representative. In a Parliamentary system, the Prime Minister or Premier holds the position as the Head of the Government.

Four U.S. states - Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Massachusetts - are called commonwealths, but there is no legal difference in their governance or relationship to the federal government compared to other states. The distinction lies only in the name. Additionally, there is another form of commonwealth outside of this context.

Central Asian country, Kazakhstan, with a population of approximately 15.4 million (2009), borders Russia and extends from the Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains and China. Kazakh and Russian are the official languages. The region was invaded by the Mongols in the 13th century and later became part of the Russian empire. Kazakhstan was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union and gained independence in 1991 within

In December 1991, the Soviet Union disintegrated following multiple attempts to oust Gorbachev. Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian Republic, established the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.). The Cold War, which had lasted 45 years, came to an end.

In a presidential form of government, the President is not the Head of State as he is not a member of the legislature.

Malta obtained its independence from the UK in 1964 under the Malta Independence Act, becoming an independent Commonwealth realm with Elizabeth II serving as its head of state until 1974.

The Commonwealth of Virginia consists of 95 counties and 38 independent cities, with a total of 133 county-equivalents. Nineteen of these counties bear the names of women. Virginia's postal abbreviation is "VA," and its FIPS state code is "51." The following is a list of the 95 counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia, with links to their respective U.S. Census Bureau Statistics Info

The Bahamas gained independence from British rule but did not become a sovereign state within the Commonwealth, instead becoming a base for rum-running. One person mentioned did not enjoy a certain position.

Two islands in the Eastern Caribbean, part of the Lesser Antilles, were British colonies from 1628 to 1966 and are now independent states within the Commonwealth. Both islands have English as their language, use the Barbados dollar as currency, and have a capital city of Bridgetown. The populations are estimated to be 271,000 people for each island.

The passage mentions three islands: Guadalcanal, which is the largest of the Solomon Islands and part of a British Commonwealth state; New Britain, the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago and part of Papua New Guinea; and New Caledonia, an island located east of Australia and north of New Zealand.

The commonwealth designation refers to a state or group formed for the public good. Virginia and some other US states use this title. Puerto Rico, as a US territory, is also a commonwealth. Canada is a part of the Commonwealth of Nations due to its historical connection to the British Empire.

A Commonwealth statutory declaration requires signing in the presence of an authorized witness. Authorized witnesses for Commonwealth declarations may also witness state or territory declarations if permitted by local law.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was formed when 11 Soviet republics declared their independence, leading to the disbanding of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet leader, announced his resignation a few days later, marking the end of the Soviet Union.

The Commonwealth of the Philippines was established in 1935 with U.S. approval, and Manuel Quezon became the country's first president. The Republic of the Philippines gained full independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.

The Bahamas, with over 270 years of continuous democratic rule, is known for its political stability. Before gaining independence in 1973, it was a British colony. The Bahamian government is labeled as corrupt but is not as bad as America's.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is the successor to the USSR, excluding Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Contrary to some definitions, CIS does not represent "Communist Independent States."

The term "republic" comes from the Latin term "res publica," meaning "public thing." It refers to a form of government where citizens manage their affairs collectively, rather than for a ruler's benefit. Historically, republics have not always been democratic.

The term "commonwealth" can have various meanings, with the loosest definition being something formed for the common or public good. It can also refer to a group of nations with a loose alliance for the benefit of all members. The passage does not discuss the 10 most extreme places on Earth, but rather explains the concept of commonwealth.

Australia gained independence on January 1, 1901, as the British Parliament enabled the six colonies to rule themselves within the Commonwealth of Australia. The Commonwealth was established as a constitutional monarchy, featuring a written constitution and Queen Victoria as the monarch. The Governor-General also played a role.

A statutory declaration, or stat dec, is a written statement made under oath in Australia, which can be issued under State or Commonwealth Law. The legislation dictates the required form, including specific wording and acknowledgements, and specifies authorized witnesses.

Chesapeake is an independent city in Virginia's Hampton Roads area, formed in 1963 through the consolidation of South Norfolk city and Norfolk County, which was established in 1691. Chesapeake is the second largest city in Virginia by land area.

A High Commission is an embassy of one Commonwealth country to another, with the representative being called a High Commissioner. An Embassy is a diplomatic representation of a non-Commonwealth country, with the representative being called an Ambassador. The distinction lies in the historical relationship between Commonwealth and non-Commonwealth countries, with the former being once part of the British Empire.

Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom in 1922 to establish the Irish Free State, which later became the Republic of Ireland. The monarch of the UK is also the King of Ireland in the Irish Free State, which is a Commonwealth Realm, a member of the European Union, and NATO. The country is commonly referred to as the United Kingdom, but its official name is different from the misnomers "Great Britain," "Britain," or "England

Prince Charles, eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, serves as the current and longest-serving Prince of Wales in the United Kingdom and its 15 Commonwealth realms. The title Princess of Wales belongs to his wife.

Mauritius and Rodrigues, located 172 km southwest of each other, make up the Mascarene Islands. Mauritius was previously under British rule but reverted to its original name. It gained independence on March 12, 1968, with a new constitution, and later became a republic within the Commonwealth in 1992.

Commonwealth Citizship, established with the Commonwealth of Nations, is held through citizenship in a member state. It grants certain privileges within select Commonwealth countries.

A person can run for office as an independent by filing an independent nominating petition, which can be signed by any registered voter who is qualified to vote for that office and has not already signed a designating petition. The form of the petition is outlined in sections 6-140 for state, county, and town offices, and 15-108 for village offices. (3,303KB)

Canada is an independent nation in North America and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The British monarch serves as the country's symbolic head of state.

In 1901, the six self-governing British colonies came together to form the Commonwealth of Australia, creating the country's six states. Australia is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy.

The City of Fairfax is an independent political entity located within Fairfax County, Virginia, serving as the county seat. It is part of the Washington Metropolitan Area and is statistically grouped with Fairfax County by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

Barbados is an eastern Caribbean island nation with a population of approximately 285,000 and an English-speaking population. Its capital is Bridgetown. Barbados was a British colony from the 1630s until 1966 when it achieved independence as a Commonwealth state.

The UK's membership in the European Union (EU) since 1973 limits its ability to negotiate independent free trade agreements with Commonwealth states. This idea has gained popularity among Eurosceptics in Britain who advocate for the UK to leave the EU political structures and replace it with a Free Trade Treaty.

The passage compares and contrasts two forms of government: authoritarian and commonwealth. Authoritarian government involves state authority being imposed on various aspects of citizens' lives, while a commonwealth is a nation or political entity founded on law and united by the people for the common good.

President Islam Karimov stated the average salary in Uzbekistan is $210, but independent observers believe it's lower, particularly in rural areas. The minimum wage is $18.5 for workers under 18 and $36 for those over 18, as of September 2007. A report from the CIS international statistical committee reveals the average salaries in the former Soviet republics, including Uzbekistan, for the first

Ireland, under its 1937 constitution, is a sovereign and independent democratic state that became a republic in 1949 by severing ties with Great Britain. Executive power lies with a cabinet of approximately 15 ministers who form the government and are responsible to the lower house of the national legislature (The Dáil). The Taoiseach (prime minister) heads the government and is appointed by the President following nomination from the lower house.

Kenton County is a third most populous county in Kentucky with a population of 159,720 (2010 census). Its county seats are Covington and Independence, making it the only Kentucky county with two legally recognized seats until 2010. Formed in 1840, the county is named after Simon Kenton, a frontiersman. It is part of the Cincinnati-Middletown metropolitan area

Canada gained its independence in 1931 but remains a member of the British Commonwealth, also known as the Commonwealth of Nations, which consists of the United Kingdom and former British Empire countries.

Sri Lanka gained its independence as the Commonwealth of Ceylon on February 4, 1948, with Don Stephen Senanayake serving as the first prime minister. In 1972, the country became a republic within the Commonwealth and its name was changed to Sri Lanka.

The passage explains that there are various types of laws with different jurisdictions. Federal laws apply to all individuals in the United States, while state and local laws apply to people residing or working in specific states, counties, cities, or other localities.

Canada is an independent nation in North America and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The British monarch serves as the symbolic head of state for Canada.

Barbados gained its independence from the United Kingdom through negotiations at a constitutional conference in June 1966. The country officially became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations on November 30, 1966, with Errol Barrow serving as the first Prime Minister.

The passage refers to two sources related to the legal aspects of the economic union in the Commonwealth of Independent States. The first source is an article titled "Wealth of Independent States: A Legal Profile" published in the Parker School of International Law Journal of East European Law in 1995. The second source is the Bulletin of International Treaties, where the Commonwealth of Independent States Treaty on the Creation of an Economic Union was published in 1994. An English

The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the symbol of the Australian Government, Parliament, and courts, first introduced in 1908 and still used today. It features a shield with the emblems of the six Australian states enclosed in a border representing federation in 1901. Two designs have been used since, the first in 1908 and the second in 1912. The coat of arms appears on Australian passports, government buildings,

Trinidad and Tobago became a Commonwealth member upon gaining independence in 1962. The country has hosted various Commonwealth meetings and contributed members to several Commonwealth Observer Groups.

Republican Charlie Baker won the Massachusetts gubernatorial election against Democratic Attorney General Martha Coakley with the support of independent voters, despite Democrats outnumbering Republicans in the state. The significance of independent voters in Massachusetts elections is often underestimated in traditional media coverage.

India gained its independence on 26 January 1950, following its separation from Britain on 15 August 1947, resulting in the creation of Pakistan. The early years of independent India were marked by a population exchange between India and Pakistan, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, and the integration of over 500 princely states to form a united nation.

Hampton is an independent city in Virginia with a population of 137,436 as of 2010. It is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area and is located on the Virginia Peninsula's southeastern end. Hampton's history can be traced back to Old Point Comfort, where Fort Monroe has stood for nearly 400 years, named by the 1607 English voyagers who founded Jamest

Namibia gained independence from South Africa on March 21, 1990, marking the end of the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the UN, SADC, AU, and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Namibia obtained its independence from South Africa on March 21, 1990, after the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital city is Windhoek, and it is a member of the UN, SADC, AU, and the Commonwealth of Nations.

The Australian Government is the federal administrative authority in Australia, with local governments being the third level of government, consisting of shires, towns, or cities.

In the UK, Commonwealth nations, and the US (federally), primary legislation is enacted as an Act of Parliament or Act of Congress, respectively. In the European Union, founding treaties serve as primary legislation.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is the successor to the USSR, excluding Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Contrary to some definitions, CIS does not mean Communist Independent States, and it did not exist prior to 1991. Kazakhstan was indeed one of the 15 republics of the USSR until its dissolution in 1991.

Philippine independence was declared on June 12, 1898 by Emilio Aguinaldo, but it was not recognized by the United States due to the Treaty of Paris (1898) which transferred Philippine sovereignty to the US. The Philippines gained semi-independent status as the Commonwealth in 1935, leading to the establishment of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946.

Mauritius and Rodrigues, located 172 km southwest of each other, make up the Mascarene Islands. With an area of 2,040 km, Mauritius, formerly a British colony, gained independence on March 12, 1968, and became a republic within the Commonwealth in 1992. Its capital city is Port Louis.

Trinidad and Tobago gained their independence from British colonial rule on August 31, 1962, and are now a part of the Commonwealth.

Grenada is a rare-used term for an island country located in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, which is an independent state within the British Commonwealth.

The passage discusses the various meanings of the term "commonwealth," which can refer to a state formed for the public good or a group of nations with a loose alliance for mutual benefit. Several US states hold this designation.

The Commonwealth of Virginia is composed of 95 counties and 38 independent cities serving as county-equivalents during census proceedings. Notably, the map from the US Census Bureau identifies Clifton Forge and Bedford as independent cities.

The WHO reports that approximately 2.5 million people die annually from alcohol-related causes. Alcohol is the leading cause of death for males aged 15-59 worldwide. In Russia and the CIS, one in five deaths are alcohol-related, the highest rate.

The Philippines were ceded from Spain to the United States through the Treaty of Paris in 1898, but the US did not recognize a specific date as the start of their rule. The Philippines gained semi-independent status as the Commonwealth in 1935, leading to the establishment of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946, following World War II.

In March 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed a federation solution for the Soviet Union through a referendum to preserve the Union as the Union of Sovereign States. However, on December 8, 1991, the agreement to establish the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was signed instead.

The Australian dollar is the currency used in Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island, Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu. The currency consists of coins in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 cents, and 1 and 2 dollars, as well as notes in 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 dollar denominations

The Bahamas is an independent parliamentary democracy within the Commonwealth of Nations, modeled after the United Kingdom's political and legal systems. They gained independence from Great Britain in 1973.

Trinidad and Tobago gained independence from British colonial rule on August 31, 1962, and is now a part of the Commonwealth.

Australia is a federal parliamentary democracy and an independent self-governing state within the Commonwealth of Nations. Its constitution, effective from 1901, is influenced by British parliamentary traditions and includes aspects of the US system.

The executive power of the Commonwealth is held by the Queen and exercised by the Governor-General as her representative, extending to the Constitution and federal laws. Local government, in the form of shires, towns, or cities, represents the third level of government in Australia.

The UK could access 32% of the world's GDP by trading with the Commonwealth and the EU. With the addition of EFTA countries and the USA, this figure rises to 52%. An independent Britain would be capable of negotiating a free trade agreement with the EU similar to that of EFTA members.

Puerto Rico is not recognized as an independent country by the international community, as it is considered a territory of the United States. In several referendums, Puerto Rican voters have chosen to retain commonwealth status and remain part of the United States. There is no other country that recognizes Puerto Rico as an independent nation.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) brings countries together through its coordinating institutions, which include charter bodies, executive bodies, and branch cooperation bodies. The charter bodies of the CIS consist of the Council of the Heads of States and the Council of the Heads of Governments.

Grenada is a rare-used noun referring to an island state in the southeastern Caribbean Sea that is part of the British Commonwealth.

The Philippine insurrection against US rule began in 1897 and lasted until 1911. The US intervened in 1898 but didn't fully suppress the uprising until over a decade later. In 1935, the US established a Commonwealth of the Philippines as a step towards granting independence, which was achieved in 1946.

The Government of Australia is a federal democratic authority, with the Commonwealth level being the highest, followed by State/Territory and Local government. Local government, consisting of councils, is the third tier and is composed of elected representatives, known as councillors or aldermen, who serve on a part-time basis.

Trinidad and Tobago gained its full independence on August 31, 1962, under the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962, while maintaining Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state within the Commonwealth. The country transitioned into a republic on August 1, 1976, with Sir Ellis Clarke becoming the first President.

The article discusses the use of the term "commonwealth" in the names of four states in the United States: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. These states were among the original 15 to join the Union and continue to include the term in their official names.

Canada is an independent constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth member with the British monarch serving as its monarch, represented by the governor-general.

In many states, city and county governments overlap, with cities located within counties and shared services. However, in some states like Virginia, a city operates independently without a separate county government, acting as both a county and a city.


Question: define visceral?

The passage discusses two types of abdominal fat: visceral and subcutaneous. Visceral fat is located around the organs inside the abdomen, causing the stomach wall to be pushed out from inside, while stomach muscles may still appear defined. Subcutaneous fat is found under the skin, often referred to as "love handles."

The term "visceral" refers to experiences or sensations felt deeply in the body, often described as instinctive or unreasoning, rather than intellectual. For example, "The fear she felt was purely visceral, a gut reaction to the danger before her."

The passage describes the parietal and visceral peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity. The parietal peritoneum is the inner lining of the abdominal cavity, while the visceral peritoneum is the outer covering of the abdominal organs. The peritoneal cavity is the space between these two layers.

The serous membrane is composed of visceral and parietal parts. The visceral part covers the surface of the organ, while the parietal part lines the wall of the cavity enclosing the organ.

The passage discusses the anatomy of the parietal pleura, which is a part of the chest wall lining. It mentions the presence of cupulas, two pleural sacs, and the visceral pleura covering the lateral surface of the lungs. Parietal pleura refers to the pleura lining the chest wall, while visceral pleura covers the lungs. The two pleuras meet at the hilar reflection, which is located at the h

Type 2 diabetes can be caused by excess visceral fat, which is stored in the abdominal cavity surrounding internal organs like the liver, pancreas, and intestines. Visceral fat differs from subcutaneous fat, which is stored under the skin and can be felt on arms and legs. Both types of fat contribute to a growing belly.

The passage explains that visceral obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation around abdominal organs, while central or abdominal obesity, also known as belly fat, encompasses fat accumulation in the upper body without distinguishing between visceral and subcutaneous fat. Typically, belly fat consists of a mix of both types.

The passage describes how ventral root fibers originate from the spinal cord as ventral rootlets, which then merge to form the ventral root. This structure contains motor nerve axons from both motor and visceral motor neurons.

Splanchnic circulation refers to the blood flow to the viscera or organs in the abdomen and pelvic region.

Each pleural cavity is surrounded by a space with two-layered pleural membranes: the visceral pleura covering the lungs' outside and the parietal pleura lining the chest wall and diaphragm.

The ICD-11 chronic pain classification proposes seven categories for chronic pain. These include chronic primary pain, defined as persistent pain in one or more regions for three months with no identifiable cause, and chronic cancer pain, which is pain related to cancer or its treatment.

A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a well-defined, round or oval lesion in the lung, no larger than 30 mm in diameter, surrounded by pulmonary tissue and visceral pleura, and not linked to lymphadenopathy, atelectasis, or pneumonia.

The word "visceral" is used to describe experiences or responses that are felt deeply and instinctively in the body, often with a strong emotional impact. Examples include "I felt a visceral pull," "he derived visceral power," "there were metabolic and visceral repercussions," and "his response was visceral and immediate."

The passage describes the origin and functions of ventral and dorsal root fibers in the spinal cord. Ventral root fibers are axons of motor and visceral efferent fibers that emerge from the ventral lateral sulcus as ventral rootlets, which then unite to form the ventral root. This root contains motor nerve axons from motor and visceral motor neurons. In contrast, dorsal root fibers are axons origin

The pleura is a two-layered structure consisting of the parietal and visceral pleura, separated by pleural fluid. The passage does not directly relate to the objectives of defining and comparing external and internal respiration processes.

Each pleural cavity is surrounded by a space with two-layered pleural membranes: the visceral pleura covering the lung exterior and the parietal pleura lining the chest wall and diaphragm. They produce a lubricating fluid for smooth lung movement against the chest wall during breathing.

Pneumothorax is a condition where air or gas is present in the pleural cavity, leading to impaired oxygenation and ventilation based on the extent of lung collapse on the affected side.

Visceral feelings are deeply felt and difficult to control or ignore emotions that originate from the gut rather than being a result of thought. Examples include intense dislike (antipathy) or intense joy.

Pneumothorax is a condition where air or gas is present in the pleural cavity, leading to lung collapse and potential impairment of oxygenation and ventilation. The severity of clinical symptoms depends on the extent of lung collapse.

The passage describes the splanchnic nerves as paired visceral nerves that carry both autonomic nervous system fibers for internal organ innervation (visceral efferent) and sensory fibers from the organs (visceral afferent).

Visceral fat is a type of belly fat that surrounds vital organs in the midsection, while subcutaneous fat is located underneath the skin.

The term "visceral" refers to experiences or sensations felt deeply in the body, often related to instinctive emotions or the internal organs. It can describe a strong conviction, crude or earthy experiences, or organs located among the viscera.

The term "visceral" refers to experiences or sensations felt deeply in the body, often related to instinctive emotions or the internal organs. It can describe a strong conviction, crude or earthy experiences, or organs and processes related to the viscera.

The passage defines visceral muscle as smooth muscle primarily located in visceral structures.

Muir-Torre syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by the development of more than one sebaceous skin tumor and more than one internal malignancy.

The pericardial space, located between the pericardium's visceral and parietal layers, typically holds 20-50 cc of fluid. The heart and the pericardial space are both encased in a layer of fat, with the fat outside the heart and the outermost layer of the pericardium.

Echocardiography is the primary method for diagnosing pericardial effusion, which results in an echo-free space between the pericardium's visceral and parietal layers. The size of the effusion is determined by the extent of this space, with larger effusions causing the heart to appear as if it's swinging.

The primary efficacy variable in the study is the number of serious, acute bacterial infections per subject per year, which includes bacterial pneumonia, bacteremia/sepsis, osteomyelitis/septic arthritis, visceral abscess, and bacterial meningitis, as defined by the FDA.

Compassion and empathy are sometimes misunderstood. Empathy is the emotional experience of another's feelings, an automatic response like crying at a friend's sadness. Compassion, however, involves action, benefiting someone else.

The term "visceral" refers to experiences or sensations felt deeply in the body, often described as instinctive, unreasoned, and connected to crude or elemental emotions. It can be used to describe strong convictions, instinctive drives, or novels that evoke intense, earthy feelings.

The passage discusses the concept of a visceral cleft, which are temporary depressions between the visceral arches in an embryo. It also mentions the visceral efferent system, which is the part of the autonomic nervous system that provides motor innervation to the viscera. Additionally, the term "visceral gout" is mentioned, but no explanation is given for what it is.

David has significantly reduced the amount of visceral fat in his body. Visceral fat is an internal type of fat that surrounds organs like the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas, and muscles. Its causes are not fully understood but are linked to a high-fat diet. Visceral fat can be harmful as it not only contributes to health issues but also makes people feel low.

The passage discusses the development of visceral processes, which involve the growth of cartilaginous rods inside, and mentions instances of visceral satisfaction. It also refers to the testimony about a person having visceral feelings towards both Mrs. and Mr. Paine.

Founder Martin O'Flynn of design firm believes in balancing form and function in his work. He approaches interior and furniture design organically and viscerally, not relying on the "golden ratio" design philosophy.

A spinal cord injury leads to significant changes in sensory targets below the injury level. However, the impact of the injury on sensory ganglia is not well understood.

The passage is about looking up the definition of "visceral nuclei of oculomotor nerve" in a medical dictionary. The term refers to a part of the oculomotor nerve that controls the functions of internal organs rather than the eyes.

Pneumothorax is a condition where air accumulates between the pleural layers in the thoracic cage (image 1). This can occur due to a pleural surface leak. The air may spread freely or be contained by fibrous tissues.

Subcutaneous fat is the fat stored beneath the skin, which can be felt and contributes to a growing belly along with visceral fat.

The visceral pericardium is a type of serous membrane and the innermost layer of the pericardium, with the epicardium being its outermost counterpart. It is a part of the serous membrane, which lines the closed cavities of the body and has two layers with a fluid-filled space between them. The term visceral pericardium is not commonly used.

The term "visceral" refers to the internal organs. Visceral afferents are part of the peripheral nervous system that transmit information from these organs. The nerves that supply the viscera are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system, but they are not called visceral efferents. Instead, "visceral" also means related to a viscus, which is a hollow organ.

Referred pain is the sensation of visceral pain felt in a location different from the source of the disease or injury. The brain incorrectly interprets the pain as originating from a cutaneous nerve in that area. An example is referred pain in the anterior umbilical region.

Sumo wrestlers can have excessive subcutaneous fat but little visceral fat. While both types of fat can occur together, excess visceral fat poses greater health risks than excess subcutaneous fat.

The passage discusses the development of visceral processes, which involve the growth of cartilaginous rods inside each side, and mentions the appearance of visceral satisfaction on a face. The first visceral cleft exhibits a slight bulge in the head region.

Visceral fat, which accumulates around internal organs, is a greater risk factor for diabetes and heart disease than body mass index (BMI). Most people with excessive belly fat have high levels of visceral fat. To reduce visceral fat and lower disease risk, decrease calories and increase exercise. Subcutaneous fat, located under the skin, is generally harmless.

The passage discusses the term "visceral," which refers to internal organs of the body. In 1875, Charles Darwin used this term in his book "Insectivorous Plants" when describing the procurement of tissue from a toad's visceral cavity.

Visceral muscles, located inside organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels, are the weakest type of muscles. Their primary function is to move substances through the organ, and they are also referred to as plain, unstriped, non-striated, visceral, or involuntary muscles.

The passage explains that visceral fat, which is stored in the abdominal area, is a significant risk factor for diabetes and heart disease, more so than body mass index (BMI). Most people with excessive belly fat also have high levels of visceral fat. To reduce visceral fat and lower the risk of these conditions, the passage recommends cutting calories and increasing physical activity.

A viscero-visceral reflex is a type of reflex where stimulation of visceral receptors triggers a response through the activation of visceral motor functions.

The passage discusses the significance of visceral fat loss in David's body, which is the internal fat surrounding organs like the heart, liver, and pancreas. Visceral fat is toxic and actively releases poisons into the bloodstream, unlike the benign fat beneath the skin. The cause of visceral fat accumulation is not fully understood but is linked to a high-fat diet.

Visceral fat, located in the abdominal cavity, surrounds vital organs and poses a risk for those with sedentary lifestyles. Exercise reduces the amount of visceral fat, with greater exercise leading to more significant loss. Research from Duke University Medical Center suggests that additional exercise can reverse existing visceral fat, while moderate exercise prevents further accumulation.

The parasympathetic division innervates visceral organs and tissues throughout the body, while the sympathetic division innervates only visceral structures served by cranial nerves or lying in the abdominopelvic cavity.

The pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, consists of three layers: the visceral (epicardium), the parietal, and the fibrous. The visceral layer, also called the epicardium, is the innermost layer and directly adheres to the heart. The Pericardial Cavity is located between the visceral and parietal layers.

A cartilaginous rod develops inside each visceral process on either side. The speaker observes a look of satisfaction on a face associated with visceral feelings towards both Mrs. and Mr. Paine.

The passage discusses the "split pleura sign," a condition identified on CT scans by the enhancement and separation of the inner visceral and outer parietal pleura by pleural fluid. This sign is indicative of thoracic empyema, which is defined as the presence of pus in the pleural cavity, most often resulting from bacterial pneumonia.

Mollusks are an invertebrate phylum with a head, visceral mass, mantle, and foot. Common types include clams, limpets, mussels, oysters, and scallops, which are bivalves, meaning they have two shells instead of bone structure. Bivalves are filter-feeding mollusks.

The Deep Fascia, also known as muscle fascia, is the connective tissue surrounding individual muscles and muscle groups. It is divided into three layers: Superficial Fascia, primarily associated with the skin; Deep Fascia, associated with muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels; and Visceral Fascia, associated with internal organs.

A visceral feeling is an intuitive and emotional response, often without rational explanation, such as a strong dislike for egg salad or mice.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), also known as the visceral nervous system, is a component of the peripheral nervous system that operates largely unconsciously to regulate visceral functions.

Tip described the boom bap genre as "eery" and defining of '90s hip hop with its visceral and rousing beats. Boom bap's origins can be traced back to producers like DJ Premier, who emphasized strength and power in its creation.

The passage discusses how the state of being fed affects the expression of fat-derived peptides (FDPs) in visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, building on previous research on their differential gene expression patterns in the fasting state.

The pericardium is a double-layered sac surrounding the heart. It consists of an outer fibrous pericardium, an inner parietal pericardium, and an inner visceral pericardium or epicardium. The visceral pericardium is the outer layer of the heart wall. The parietal pericardium lies between the visceral and fibrous pericardia.

Excess visceral fat increases the risk of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance, and may contribute to breast cancer in women. Visceral fat cells behave as endocrine cells and recruit other factors that promote insulin resistance.

The lungs are surrounded by a double-layered serous membrane called the pleura. The visceral pleura is attached to the lung surface, while the parietal pleura lines the thorax wall. At the hilum, these two pleura layers are continuous.

The autonomic system is in charge of controlling visceral effectors such as smooth muscle, glands, and the heart. Its functions include regulating processes like blood pressure, cardiac output, and plasma glucose levels. The system is considered a motor system for controlling autonomic (visceral) effectors and utilizes sensory inputs for visceral reflexes and broader control mechanisms.

Visceral pain is a type of pain affecting the trunk region, including the lungs, heart, abdominal and pelvic organs. Examples include chronic chest pain, appendicitis, diverticulitis, gallstones, and pelvic pain. Approximately 25% of the population experiences visceral pain, which is harder to identify than somatic pain due to its less distinct location.

Visceral manipulation involves working with the body's visceral structures, which can impact mobility and function through tension. It differs from reflex systems as the practitioner directly manipulates the structures rather than pressing on distant points to influence organ function.

The pleura consists of two types of tissue: visceral pleura, which covers the lungs, and parietal pleura, which lines the inner walls of the pleural cavity. Parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, while visceral pleura is not.

The serous membranes in the ventral body cavities are made up of two layers: a visceral layer that covers and invests organs, and a parietal layer that lines the walls of the cavity.

The visceral layer, also known as the lamina visceralis, is a thin and delicate part of anatomical structures that appears to be their outer surface rather than a distinct layer.

The pericardium, a fibrous sac surrounding the heart, consists of two layers: visceral and parietal. The visceral pericardium is a single layer of mesothelial cells attached to the heart's epicardium.

The Autonomic Nervous System controls visceral effectors such as smooth muscle, glands, and the heart, regulating functions like blood pressure, cardiac output, and plasma glucose levels. It is responsible for visceral reflexes and uses sensory inputs for broader control mechanisms.

Visceral pain is characterized by conditions such as chronic chest pain, appendicitis, diverticulitis, gallstones, and pelvic pain. Understand the symptoms and treatments for visceral pain, and distinguish it from deep or superficial pain.

The body contains between 640 and 850 muscles, categorized into three types: skeletal, visceral, and cardiac. Skeletal muscles are voluntary, while visceral muscles are involuntary.

Ectopia cordis is a rare condition where the heart is located outside the thorax, often accompanied by defects in the pericardium, diaphragm, and sternum, and usually involves cardiac malformations. In a specific case studied, the heart was covered by visceral pericardium but the sternum was open, allowing normal drainage of the cava veins and pulmonary veins in their respective atria.

The pericardial space, located between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium, typically contains 20-50 cc of fluid. The heart and pericardium are surrounded by a layer of fat, with the pericardial space situated between the fat and the pericardium. The normal thickness of the pericardium, including the parietal pericardium and the fluid in the space, is 2-

Type 2 diabetes can be caused by excess visceral fat storage in the abdominal cavity, surrounding organs like the liver, pancreas, and intestines.

The pleura consists of the visceral pleura surrounding the lung and the parietal pleura lining the inner chest wall. A small amount (3-4 teaspoons) of fluid acts as a lubricant between them.

The lungs are enclosed by two membranes called the pleura. The outer pleura, or parietal pleura, is connected to the chest wall, while the inner pleura, or visceral pleura, is attached to the lungs and other visceral tissues. A thin space, called the pleural cavity or pleural space, separates these two membranes.

The passage discusses the role of the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic motor pathways in sexual activity. In males, parasympathetic activity is primarily responsible for maintaining an erection, while sympathetic activity controls ejaculation. Both somatic and visceral afferents contribute to complex, brain-mediated responses involving both somatic and autonomic functions. Visceral inputs to the CNS can initiate responses that include both somatic and autonomic activities.

Visceral motor neurons have bodies in the central nervous system (CNS) for the first neuron and in autonomic ganglia, such as the sympathetic trunk ganglia, for the second neuron. The first type is referred to as preganglionic neurons.

The passage explains that heartburn and chest pain are symptoms of visceral pain, which originates from the organs in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Visceral pain is different from somatic pain as it is typically diffuse and hard to pinpoint.

The visceral peritoneum, the innermost layer, wraps around internal organs for protection within the intraperitoneal space. Thinner than the parietal peritoneum, it forms a double layer, the mesentery, which attaches to the gastrointestinal tract.

The term "visceral" refers to internal organs, particularly those in the chest (like the heart and lungs) and abdomen (such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines). In a figurative sense, something visceral is deeply felt or experienced as a "gut feeling."

A visceral motor neuron's first body is located in the Central Nervous System (CNS), while the second is found in an autonomic ganglion, such as the sympathetic trunk ganglia. Neurons originating from the CNS are referred to as preganglionic neurons.

The first visceral motor neuron's body is located in the central nervous system (CNS), while the second visceral motor neuron's body is in an autonomic ganglion, such as the sympathetic trunk ganglia. Neurons originating from the CNS are referred to as preganglionic neurons.

The passage describes how in Streptoneura species, a junction above the intestine prevents shortening of the visceral loop and it's uncommon for the visceral ganglia to fuse with pleural, pedal, or cerebral ganglia. Fusion of the visceral ganglia with the anus is possible but rare.

The visceral pleura is the serous membrane in contact with the lung, while the parietal pleura refers to the rest of the membrane. In the case of the pericardium, if it touches the heart directly, it's visceral, but if it only contacts other tissues or the parietal pleura, it's parietal.

The serous pericardium is the inner, serous layer of the pericardium, which consists of two parts: the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium. The visceral pericardium is the inner layer, attached to the heart and great vessels. The space between the two layers is the pericardial cavity.

The pericardium, which is commonly thought of as a double-layered sac surrounding the heart, is actually triple-layered. The innermost layer is called the visceral pericardium or epicardium, which directly covers the heart. The Pericardial Cavity lies between the visceral and parietal layers.

The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity, with two types: visceral pleura covering the lungs and parietal pleura lining the inner walls of the pleural cavity. The parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, while the visceral pleura is not.

The passage discusses the classification of nociceptive pain into three categories: visceral, deep somatic, and superficial somatic. Visceral pain arises from the stimulation of visceral structures, which are highly responsive to stretch, ischemia, and inflammation, but less responsive to burning and cutting sensations.

A hypothetical mollusk consists of a mantle, shell, foot, and visceral mass. The mantle, a tissue layer covering the visceral mass, contains glands that secrete a hard shell in many mollusks. The foot, a muscular structure, is situated on the underside of the body.

The lungs are enclosed by a double membrane called pleura, consisting of a parietal pleura attached to the chest wall and a visceral pleura covering the lungs. A potential space exists between these layers.

The serous pericardium is the inner, serous layer of the pericardium, consisting of two parts: visceral (epicardium) and parietal. The visceral pericardium is the inner layer, intimately attached to the heart and roots of the great vessels. The space between the visceral and parietal layers forms the pericardial cavity.

The serous pericardium is the inner, serous layer of the pericardium, consisting of two parts: visceral and parietal. The visceral pericardium, also known as the epicardium, is the inner layer that is intimately attached to the heart and roots of the great vessels.

The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity. There are two types of pleura: visceral pleura, which covers the lungs, and parietal pleura, which lines the inner surfaces of the pleural cavity walls. The parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, while the visceral pleura is not.

The pericardial cavity, located between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers, is a potential space containing lubricating serous fluid called pericardial fluid. The visceral layer touching the heart, excluding great vessels, is referred to as the epicardium.