Question: Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?

The passage discusses the potential role of vitamin D deficiency in increasing the severity of COVID-19. Vitamin D helps regulate inflammation and has been linked to lower T regulatory lymphocyte (Treg) levels in COVID-19 patients. Low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, viral infections, inflammatory cytokines, and thrombosis, all of which are common in

A study explores the potential link between adequate vitamin D levels and prevention of acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. The article references research on the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in older Italian women and its possible preventive and therapeutic role. The literature review highlights the protective role of vitamin D for respiratory infections, but randomized controlled trials are lacking. Vitamin D can be obtained through sun exposure and vitamin-

A systematic review and meta-analysis along with an ecological investigation were conducted to examine the role of vitamin D in COVID-19. Six studies with 3,822 participants indicated that 46.5% of COVID-19 patients had vitamin D deficiency and 43.3% had insufficient levels. However, no correlation was found between vitamin D levels and global recovery or mortality rates. There were significant correlations in specific regions, such

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Chicago Medicine to examine the association between vitamin D deficiency and treatment with testing positive for COVID-19. Among 4,314 patients tested for COVID-19, 499 had a vitamin D level in the year before testing. Vitamin D status was categorized as likely deficient for 127 (25%) patients, likely sufficient for 291 (58

The authors agree with Kumar et al and Panarese and Shahini that vitamin D has a role in preventing the severity of COVID-19, although the mechanism is different from its effect on influenza.

The passage discusses the potential role of supplementation with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), zinc, vitamin D, and N-acetylcysteine in preventing or treating COVID-19. These agents are hypothesized to be useful due to their ability to influence the immune response. The authors provide information on the biologic plausibility, applicable clinical data, and potential role of each agent.

The passage discusses a study that found a strong correlation between the prevalence of severe Vitamin D deficiency and the population mortality rate from COVID-19 in Europe. The authors analyzed Vitamin D levels data from 10 European countries and used Pearson correlation analysis to find a significant correlation between the two variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76 and a p-value of 0.01. The correlation remained significant even after adjusting for age structure and

The passage discusses the correlation between Vitamin D levels and susceptibility to COVID-19. Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient that enhances immunity and shields against respiratory diseases. With no available treatment or vaccine for COVID-19, preventive measures such as maintaining adequate Vitamin D levels are crucial. The review suggests recommendations for the required Vitamin D dosage for both healthy individuals and those at risk of COVID-19 for protection and prevention.

Patients with respiratory diseases like cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma frequently experience worsening respiratory symptoms, known as exacerbations, often triggered by infections. Exacerbations can result in hospitalization and are a significant cause of mortality. Current treatments aim to minimize negative effects and prevent future events, but many patients do not benefit and continue to experience recurrent exacerbations. Vitamin

A review explored the potential role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19 infections based on existing research. A negative correlation was found between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases in European countries, but not with deaths. Some studies suggested vitamin D's role in inhibiting viral replication or having anti-inflammatory effects, while others did not find a correlation after adjusting for confounding variables. Vitamin D

A systematic review investigated the role of nutrients in preventing, treating, and managing COVID-19 in adults. Relevant articles from 1990 to 2020 were collected and some nutrients, including protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, D, E, B1, B6, B12, C, iron, zinc, and selenium, were identified as important for immune system function and potential

This systematic review investigates the role of nutrients in preventing, treating, and managing COVID-19 in adults. Using the PRISMA guideline, articles focusing on nutrition, immune system, viral infection, and coronaviruses from 1990 to 2020 were collected. Relevant nutrients include protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, D, E, B1, B6, B12

The passage suggests an association between Vitamin D deficiency, which is common among African Americans and the higher COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in this population. The deficiency may be linked to lower cellular glutathione levels and impaired Vitamin D biosynthesis pathway genes in AA communities. Mice studies indicate that co-supplementation of Vitamin D and L-cysteine, a GSH precursor, is more effective in improving

The passage discusses the potential role of vitamin D in preventing or treating Covid-19 infections, particularly in the pediatric population. The authors reviewed literature from Medline and Embase databases and found that vitamin D interacts with both the innate and adaptive immune systems, modulating T cells function and reducing inflammatory responses. Promising results have been reported in respiratory tract infections, autoimmune diseases, and pulmonary fibrosis

The passage discusses the identification of potential COVID-19 mitigation agents through genomic-guided mapping of SARS-CoV-2 targets in human cells. Vitamin D and quercetin were identified as putative agents based on their effects on gene expression signatures of potential coronavirus infection mitigation agents. Quercetin alters the expression of 30% of human genes encoding protein targets of SARS-CoV-2, potentially interfer

A narrative review examines the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity. Studies suggest that northerly countries with higher latitudes have higher COVID-19 mortality rates, potentially due to reduced vitamin D synthesis from sunlight. Factors associated with both vitamin D deficiency and severe COVID-19 include age, ethnicity, male sex, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Vitamin D deficiency may increase ACE

The passage discusses the potential link between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of COVID-19. The background explains that COVID-19 can range from asymptomatic to fatal, and vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a determinant of severity. The results of a regression modeling study show a correlation between more northerly countries in the Northern Hemisphere and higher COVID-19 mortality, which may be explained by the role of ultrav

A study analyzing global COVID-19 data shows a northern hemisphere bias in outbreak severity, which can't be fully explained by seasonal weather conditions or transmission rates. Vitamin D is suggested as a potential explanation, but historical controversies and lack of a clear causal framework have hindered acceptance. The study constructs two contrasting DAG models, one causal and one acausal, and finds that the observed data aligns with the causal model's predictions

Vitamin D, an immunomodulator hormone with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, may prevent multiple organ damage in COVID-19 patients by mitigating symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm syndrome.

The passage discusses the global issue of vitamin D deficiency in expectant mothers and its association with increased risks of respiratory infections and mortality in infants and toddlers. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to 53% of deaths from viral and bacterial pneumonia, which is the leading cause of death in children under five years old. Poor sunlight exposure and dietary intake are causes of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is essential

A retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of a composite nutritional supplement based on 2008 clinical practice guidelines for preventing vitamin and mineral deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The supplement included iron and calcium. Among 309 patients, compliant patients had significantly lower deficiency rates for iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin D compared to noncompliant patients. Women's

The passage suggests a potential correlation between low vitamin D levels and high COVID-19 cases and mortality rates in European countries. The mean vitamin D levels were found to be negatively correlated with COVID-19 cases and mortality. Countries with the lowest vitamin D levels, such as Spain, Italy, and Switzerland, also have the highest aging populations, which are the most vulnerable to COVID-19. Further studies are recommended to examine the relationship between vitamin D

The passage discusses the link between vitamin D deficiency and the increase of respiratory virus infections, including COVID-19, during winter and spring in high-latitude regions. Factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency include old age, obesity, dark skin tone, and common genetic variants. Precision nutrition and vitamin D supplementation are recommended for individuals with these risk factors, especially those living in high-latitude areas with limited UVB exposure

The passage discusses the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Vitamin D can lower viral replication rates and reduce inflammation in the lungs through various mechanisms. Observational studies and clinical trials suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of influenza, while evidence for its effect on COVID-19 includes the seasonal pattern of outbreaks and the association between vitamin D deficiency

The passage discusses the role of dietary supplements in the context of COVID-19 treatment and prevention, highlighting the lack of concrete evidence for their efficacy and safety. The supplements reviewed are vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, elderberry, and silver. Despite the widespread belief in their benefits, it is recommended that providers and patients refer to evidence-based guidelines for COVID-19 treatment decisions.

The passage discusses the role of dietary supplements in the context of COVID-19 treatment and prevention, highlighting the need for accurate information during the pandemic. It reviews the theoretical mechanisms and existing evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of select supplements such as vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, elderberry, and silver. However, the evidence supporting their use in COVID-19 patients is limited, and relying on dietary supplements for prevention or treatment

The debate surrounding the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs for hypertension management during COVID-19 infection is ongoing. While these medications may theoretically increase ACE2 receptor expression and viral load due to the receptor's role in COVID-19 infection, common dietary interventions, vitamins, and nutrients can also increase ACE2 receptor expression. These include Vitamin C, Metformin, Resveratrol, Vit

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are risk factors for respiratory infections, including COVID-19, and are common in older adults and those with co-morbid conditions or skin pigmentation. Vitamin D stimulates the production of LL37, an antimicrobial peptide that modulates immune signaling and has activity against viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Exposure to fine particulate air pollution can inter

The study investigated the effect of colostrum feeding and vitamin supplementation on the gut microbiome and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) colonization in neonatal Holstein calves. Six treatment groups were established: colostrum deprived (CD), colostrum replacer (CR) with no vitamins, and CR supplemented with vitamin A, D(3), E, or a combination of A,

The passage discusses the importance of maintaining optimal vitamin D levels in elderly COVID-19 patients to prevent musculoskeletal issues such as falls, frailty, and fractures, and to potentially improve respiratory health. Elderly individuals, who are at higher risk for low vitamin D levels due to decreased activity and extended hospital stays, are more susceptible to COVID-19 complications. The article emphasizes the musculoskeletal benefits of

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D(3) supplementation (10,000 international units per week) and gargling on the prevention of viral, clinical upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in university students. Of the 600 participants, 471 completed all surveys and 150 reported clinical URTI. The occurrence of symptomatic clinical URTI was not significantly different

A single center observational study examined the use of IV vitamin C in 17 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, requiring high oxygen support. The in-patient mortality rate was 12%, with 17.6% intubation and mechanical ventilation. Post-treatment, there was a significant decrease in inflammatory markers, ferritin and D-dimer, and a trend towards decreasing FiO2 requirements.

The passage summarizes two randomized, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effects of a daily supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) and vitamin D on fatty acid and vitamin D serum levels in healthy individuals and those with Crohn's disease. The supplement significantly increased serum levels of EPA, Docosapentaenoic acid, DHA, omega-3 index, and vitamin D in both groups

The passage suggests that while there is not enough evidence to support the use of vitamin D supplementation for preventing or treating COVID-19 infection, it is becoming more feasible that this hypothesis is valid due to two potential mechanisms. The first mechanism is the anti-infectious and immunomodulatory action of vitamin D, which improves intercellular barriers and reduces inflammatory cytokines. The second mechanism is the inhibition of the renin-

The passage discusses the role of vitamin D3 in the prevention of certain respiratory diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with respiratory diseases, and supplementation leads to improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake. Proteins linked to vitamin D and respiratory pathology include major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, vitamin D receptor, vitamin D-binding protein, chromosome P450,

A review of 18 studies found that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) increases the risk or severity of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children under 5 years old, based on 13 out of the 18 studies. High maternal vitamin D levels were linked to ALRIs in infants in one study. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for children at high risk for ALRIs as it is a low

The passage discusses the current status of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation worldwide. Vitamin D testing and use of supplements have increased, but the optimal dose and benefits are debated due to limitations in trial design and inconsistent intervention methods. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L or 20 ng/ml) is linked to unfavorable skeletal outcomes and a higher

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a major public health challenge with no effective vaccine available. Clinical management is limited to infection prevention and control measures, and research is ongoing to find treatments that inhibit virus replication, mitigate symptoms, increase survival, and decrease mortality. Several classes of drugs, including antivirals (chloroquine, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, hydroxych

The report aims to clarify the best practices for vitamin D supplement use, particularly for older adults at risk of Covid-19. Three recent reports suggest that vitamin D may offer protection against Covid-19. Two reports align with guidelines recommending adequate vitamin D intake (10-20 µg daily) for older adults, while the third suggests high doses (20-50 µg daily) for all adults. The lack of mention about

A review of nursing literature and databases found no clear evidence that vitamin C effectively prevents the common cold in adults. However, it may reduce the duration of symptoms in both adults and children. Athletes training in cold conditions may benefit from vitamin C for cold prevention. NPs should advise patients that vitamin C may shorten the duration of cold symptoms but does not affect severity or act as a prophylaxis.

A debate exists about the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. A recent article suggests a link between vitamin D supplementation and decreased risk of COVID-19 and influenza. This commentary focuses on the safety of vitamin D supplementation for individuals at risk of COVID-19.

The passage discusses the connection between vitamin D and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in relation to COVID-19. ACE2 is the primary entry point for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which reduces its expression and causes lung injury and pneumonia. Vitamin D, a negative endocrine modulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), can increase ACE2 expression

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has no proven treatment or vaccine. ACE2, a component of the renin-angiotensin system, is the primary entry point for the virus into cells, reducing its expression and causing lung injury. Vitamin D, a negative endocrine RAS modulator, can increase ACE2 expression and concentration, potentially protecting against acute lung injury. Targeting the imbalance in RAS

Title: Impact of Vitamins A, B, C, D, and E Supplementation on COVID-19 ICU Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

Objectives: This study aims to test the hypothesis that vitamin supplementation (A, B, C, D, E) improves severity and mortality in COVID-19 ICU patients.

Design: Randomized, single-blinded, two-arm (1

A single-center observational study was conducted at AZ Delta general hospital to determine the correlation between lower serum vitamin D levels and the risk for COVID-19 severity. The study involved 186 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 and 2717 season/age/sex-matched diseased controls. The results showed that male COVID-19 patients had lower median vitamin D levels and a higher percentage of deficiency compared to controls. Fem

A study examined the relationship between vitamin D status and the severity of Covid-19 in Europe. Contrary to expectations, countries with lower latitudes and more sunlight, such as Spain and Italy, had low vitamin D concentrations and high rates of deficiency, despite experiencing the highest infection and mortality rates. In contrast, northern latitude countries with less sunlight, like Norway and Finland, had higher vitamin D concentrations, lower deficiency rates, and lower infection and

Thirty Holstein calves were assigned to six groups: colostrum deprived (CD) with no vitamins, colostrum replacer (CR) with no vitamins, CR with vitamin A, CR with vitamin D3, CR with vitamin E, and CR with vitamins A, D3, E. Calves were inoculated with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis on days 1 and

The WHO has declared both the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and vitamin D deficiency as pandemics. COVID-19 spreads more in northern mid-latitude countries with low temperatures and humidity. Vitamin D deficiency is common in Europe, affecting 40% of the population, and is more prevalent in subtropical and mid-latitude countries. Severe vitamin D deficiency is nearly non-existent in

A review of studies suggests a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. The search was conducted using Pub Med and Google Scholar from December 2019 to May 2020. While some data indicates increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infections for vitamin D deficient individuals, more research is needed specifically for the diabetic subgroup. The conclusion is that further studies are

A review of studies suggests a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. The search was conducted using Pub Med and Google Scholar from December 2019 to May 2020. While some data indicates increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in vitamin D deficient individuals, more research is needed to establish this connection specifically for diabetes patients. Further studies are required to determine if vit

The study aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection and mortality using data from the UK Biobank. Of the 341,484 participants with complete data, 656 had inpatient confirmed COVID-19 infection and 203 died from COVID-19. Initially, vitamin D was linked to both severe infection and mortality, but after adjusting for confounders, no significant association was found

The COVID-19 pandemic, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and high mortality, primarily affects the elderly population. The leading cause of death is inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the lungs. No specific treatment exists, making it crucial to explore potential therapies. Vitamin D and melatonin are promising options due to their ability to modulate immune and oxidative responses against COVID-19. They may down-regulate the renin-ang

The passage discusses the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for older adults, particularly in relation to COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease. Older adults are at greater risk for severe COVID-19 and have lower vitamin D levels due to biological and behavioral factors. Vitamin D has antiviral properties and may help reduce the risk and severity of COVID-19. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation has been suggested to slow the progression of Park

Vitamin D deficiency is common and controlled trials suggest it decreases acute respiratory infections. Though there's no direct evidence of its effect on COVID-19, daily supplementation with moderate doses is safe, cheap, and could significantly reduce infections due to its known respiratory benefits.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining optimal nutrition can support well-being and potentially reduce risk and morbidity. Guidelines suggest consuming fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while emphasizing the importance of vitamins and minerals like zinc, vitamins C, A, and D for a healthy immune system. Dietary supplementation may be beneficial for those with respiratory viral infections or nutrient deficiencies, but there is no evidence it

During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining optimal nutrition can support well-being and potentially reduce risk and morbidity. Guidelines suggest consuming fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while emphasizing the importance of vitamins and minerals like zinc, vitamins C, A, and D for a healthy immune system. Dietary supplementation may be beneficial for those with respiratory viral infections or nutrient deficiencies, but it does not prevent COVID

A systematic review of 18 articles summarizes the current literature on common medications used in orthopaedic surgery and their potential implications in COVID-19 patients. Recommendations include using paracetamol as first-line analgesia and antipyretic, no need to avoid NSAIDs, prescribing steroids only for proven efficacious conditions, monitoring COVID-19 patients on steroids for avascular necrosis, converting

The passage discusses a study investigating the relationship between vitamin D status and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The research suggests that having a lower vitamin D level may increase the risk of death from COVID-19. However, more research is needed to confirm this association and establish a causal relationship.

The study aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in the UK Biobank, specifically focusing on ethnic differences. The analysis included 348,598 participants with complete data, of whom 449 had confirmed COVID-19 infection. Univariable analysis showed an association between lower vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection, but this association was not significant after adjusting for confounders. Ethnicity

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 risk, as well as the potential explanation for higher COVID-19 incidence in black and South Asian people. Using data from the UK Biobank, the researchers found that vitamin D was not significantly associated with COVID-19 infection after adjusting for confounders. Ethnicity, however, remained a significant predictor of COVID-19 infection, with higher risks for blacks and South

A serious complication of coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which can be worsened by vitamin D deficiency and improved by activating the vitamin D receptor. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the use of oral vitamin D or Calcifediol (25OHD) to reduce ARDS in coronavirus patients, with promising results from a pilot study

A serious complication of coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which can be worsened by vitamin D deficiency and improved by activating the vitamin D receptor. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the use of oral vitamin D or Calcifediol (25OHD) to treat ARDS in coronavirus patients, with promising results from a pilot study

A study comparing 32 countries found that those with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among elderly females had a confirmed COVID-19 case fatality rate twice as high as countries with low prevalence. This effect could not be explained by differences in life expectancy. The findings suggest a potential role for vitamin D in the severity of COVID-19.

A study found a positive correlation between lower COVID-19 death rates and a country's proximity to the equator, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of .40 (p<.0001, two-tailed t-test) and an R squared of .16. The results suggest a link between sunlight exposure, Vitamin D production, and reduced mortality. Further research is needed to confirm the correlation and determine optimal sunlight exposure or vitamin D supplement

A study found a positive correlation between lower COVID-19 death rates and a country's proximity to the equator, with a Pearson r of .40 and p-value less than 0.0001. The R squared value of .16 indicates that 16% of the variation in death rates among nations can be explained by a country's latitude. The study suggests a link between sunlight exposure and reduced mortality. Further research is needed

The passage discusses a letter suggesting that vitamin D may have a role in preventing or mitigating the effects of COVID-19. The authors of the letter point to several studies indicating an association between low vitamin D levels and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, including COVID-19. They also mention that vitamin D has been shown to modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation. The letter concludes by urging further research into the potential benefits of

The passage discusses a letter suggesting that vitamin D may have a role in preventing or mitigating the effects of COVID-19. The authors of the letter point to several studies indicating an association between low vitamin D levels and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, including COVID-19. They also mention that vitamin D has immune-boosting properties and may help reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to severe symptoms in

The passage discusses the role of vitamin D in regulating immunity in infants and children. At a molecular level, vitamin D signals through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is expressed throughout the immune system. Genome-wide approaches have identified numerous VDR-regulated genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D is believed to boost innate immunity against bacterial and viral pathogens and suppress inflammatory

The authors of a recent study suggest that vitamin D may play a role in reducing the risk and severity of COVID-19 infections. They point out that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections and that vitamin D has been shown to modulate the immune response. The authors call for further research to investigate the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in preventing or treating COVID-19.

The passage discusses the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)(2) D3) in inhibiting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis model. The study found that hematopoietic cell VDR function and VDR function in T cells are necessary for 1,25-(OH)(2) D3 to

This study explores the limited use of vitamin D supplements for elderly care home residents in England despite their recommended use for those with little sunlight exposure. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with care home managers, GPs, and public health professionals. Themes identified included medical framing, professional and sector boundaries, awareness of national guidance, and ethical and practical issues. Vitamin D supplements were not routinely given to residents, with most participants believing it was the GP's

The passage discusses the need for new interventions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients, specifically in regards to vitamin D supplementation. While oral vitamin D supplementation has been shown to reduce exacerbations in COPD patients with severe vitamin D deficiency, the local vitamin D metabolism in the airways is not well understood. A study was conducted to examine the expression of key enzymes and the receptor of

A study reviewed the correlation between vitamin D levels and Covid-19 infections and mortality. The authors argued that correlation alone is not enough to establish a relationship and suggested using life expectancy as a control. After including life expectancy in a regression model, the study found that vitamin D levels were not statistically significant predictors of Covid-19 infections or mortality, while life expectancy was.

The PRECOVID study aims to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on exacerbation rate in COPD patients with vitamin D deficiency. This randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study will recruit 240 COPD patients aged 40 and older with vitamin D deficiency. Participants will receive either vitamin D3 16800 IU or placebo orally once a

The editorial by Rhodes et al suggests that vitamin D plays a role in regulating and suppressing inflammatory responses to respiratory viruses like COVID-19, preventing cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This mechanism could explain the lower mortality rates from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North.

The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), which regulates renal, cardiovascular, and immune functions, is linked to various symptoms and diseases of COVID-19, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and immune reactions. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the RAS by binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, leading

This article reviews the literature on the impact of vitamin D metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses in human respiratory epithelial cells. Observational studies and clinical trials suggest a protective role of vitamin D against acute respiratory infections. However, the effects of vitamin D metabolites on viral replication or clearance of rhinovirus, RSV, and influenza A virus are inconsistent. Instead, vitamin D

A retrospective study suggests that Vitamin D, like tocilizumab, may modulate IL-6 activity and could be a cheaper and simpler alternative to tocilizumab for COVID-19 treatment. The seasonal variation in COVID-19 severity could be explained by Vitamin D levels, but further research is needed to establish this.

The authors of a previous editorial on the association between northern latitude and increased COVID-19 mortality received a comment from Dr. Mansur suggesting the potential role of vitamin D in protecting against severe COVID-19. Vitamin D is a hormone derived from cholesterol and has a wide range of actions due to its influence on several hundred or more vitamin D-responsive genes.

A randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted to determine if monthly vitamin D3 supplementation could reduce the rate of respiratory events in children with sickle cell disease. Sixty-two children, aged 3-20 years, with a history of respiratory events and low vitamin D levels were assigned to receive either a high dose (100,000 IU) or standard dose (12,000 IU) of

This paper summarizes research on vitamins and minerals that may help prevent or alleviate the effects of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, based on peer-reviewed medical literature. Vitamins A, D, and zinc are commonly recommended and have strong scientific support. Vitamin C also has some support but its efficacy is mixed. Iron and other vitamins and trace elements also have some support. Health science librarians are encouraged to emphasize

A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials assessed the impact of vitamin D (vitD) fortification in staple foods on 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and vitD deficiency prevalence among healthy children aged 1-18 years. Fortification improved 25(OH)D concentration by a mean difference of 15.51 nmol

The Italian legislation sets specific requirements for high-quality (HQ) milk, but there is no regulation regarding vitamin D content. A study evaluated the vitamin D3 content in HQ raw and pasteurized milk from Italian cowsheds and supermarkets, finding variations from not detected to 17 µg L(−1). The vitamin D3 content was not related to milk fat content. The study showed that HQ raw milk does not always contain more

Vitamin D is produced in the skin from sun exposure or obtained through diet, supporting bone health and key functions in various organs including the immune system, where the vitamin D receptor activates genes related to immune response.

Vitamin D is produced in the body through sun exposure or obtained through diet, and is essential for bone health. Severe deficiency can lead to osteomalacia or rickets. Vitamin D also supports functions in the brain, muscle, and immune system, and the vitamin D receptor can activate genes related to the immune system.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on COPD exacerbations. The analysis included 560 participants and revealed that vitamin D did not significantly influence the overall rate of moderate/severe COPD exacerbations (aIRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78-1.13). However,

A systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis will be conducted to identify patient-level predictors of treatment response to vitamin D supplementation on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Observational studies suggest a link between vitamin D deficiency and OA, but RCTs have reported conflicting results. The primary outcomes will be long-term pain and physical function, with secondary outcomes including medium- and short-

This review aimed to evaluate the evidence from previous clinical trials on nutrition-based interventions for viral infections, with a special focus on respiratory infections and COVID-19. A systematic search was conducted in three medical databases, resulting in 43 studies being included. Among these, vitamins A and D, selenium, zinc, and certain nutraceuticals and probiotics showed potential benefits in enhancing immunity in viral respiratory

This review aimed to evaluate the evidence from previous clinical trials on nutrition-based interventions for viral infections, with a special focus on respiratory infections and COVID-19. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SciVerse Scopus databases, resulting in 43 studies being included. Among these, vitamins A and D, selenium, zinc, and certain nutraceuticals and probiotics showed potential

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the lowest vitamin D levels, suggesting a protective effect against TNBC. The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D), can modulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In BRCA

The passage discusses the global threat of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting COVID-19 disease, which has caused over 340,000 deaths worldwide as of May 27th, with 100,000 deaths in the US. The text emphasizes the need for effective pharmacological treatments for prevention and treatment. The article presents vit

A study compared gene expression of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the brains of depressed individuals who died by suicide and non-psychiatric controls. The results showed downregulated CRAMP mRNA expression and upregulated VDR mRNA expression in both the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in suicides.

A study of 1,326 COVID-19 cases from the UK Biobank found that men and non-White ethnicities had greater odds of severe COVID-19, which could not be explained by cardiometabolic factors, socio-economic status, behavioral factors, or vitamin D status. Non-Whites had poorer cardiometabolic profiles, lower vitamin D levels, greater material deprivation, and were more likely to

A paper evaluates the role of immunonutrition, specifically vitamins C, D, and zinc, in strengthening the immune system to help protect against COVID-19, particularly in the over 65s. The nutrition sector has shown promising evidence of the relationship between certain nutrients and immune competence. Vitamins C and D may prevent pneumonia and respiratory infections, while zinc reinforces immunity. Ongoing


Question: How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted violence in society, including violent crimes?

The study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime frequencies in Vancouver, Canada, using data for property, violent, and mischief crimes. Interrupted time series analysis revealed statistically significant changes in certain crime types, with the magnitude and direction of change varying. These findings are attributed to social restrictions, altered activity patterns, and opportunity structures. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced crime frequencies, which is crucial information for criminal justice and social

A literature review with over 45 papers selected from more than 30,000 potential titles investigated the relationship between green space in urban environments and violent crime reduction. Green spaces, including tree cover, parks, and ground cover, were found to potentially decrease crime rates through various mechanisms such as social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and territorial definition. Future research recommendations include meta-analysis and qualitative data-gathering

The COVID-19 pandemic led to social distancing measures such as maintaining public distance, school closures, and business limitations. These policies may affect crime volume and distribution, with potential decreases in residential burglary due to increased property protection and increases in domestic violence due to extended contact between potential offenders and victims. An analysis of crime data from Los Angeles and Indianapolis shows a statistically significant impact on specific crime types, but the overall effect is less than expected given the disruption to

A study was conducted on crime patterns in Santa Monica, CA before and after the passage of Proposition 47 in 2014, which reclassified some non-violent felonies to misdemeanors. Reports of reclassified crimes, such as larceny, fraud, and drug possession, increased city-wide by approximately 15% after the proposition's enactment, with the largest surge occurring in the downtown area. Two new

The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting stay-at-home orders in the United States led to a decrease in overall crime rates as measured by calls for service to law enforcement. However, this decrease is primarily due to a drop in minor offenses. Serious crimes such as homicide and intimate partner violence have either remained constant or increased. The study suggests that mandatory lockdowns may have placed minor offenders in situations where they are more likely to commit serious crimes against intimate partners or homic

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily routines and presented unique challenges for the criminal justice system. For criminologists, the pandemic offers natural experiment conditions to test theories and observe the effectiveness of policies under heavy conditions. A suggested research agenda includes studying crime trends and justice system challenges under the framework of contagion, containment measures, and social ordinance compliance. The articles in this special issue of the American Journal of Criminal Justice explore traditional crime during the virus, virus-specific

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in crime rates due to government-ordered stay-at-home orders affecting population routines. This creates a unique quasi-experimental setting for criminologists to study crime trends, using new data sources, and examining specific types, timing, and locations of crimes to understand why, where, when, and to what extent crime changed, and how to reduce future crime.

The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to increase the risk and consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV) against vulnerable populations, including minority women and those with mental health issues. Factors contributing to this include economic instability, added home stressors, and social distancing measures. These factors may deter victims from reporting violence, seeking help, and utilizing social services. The paper emphasizes the need for safety planning and self-care for victims and their children.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in cyber-attacks due to heightened anxiety and unique circumstances. The analysis of this paper reveals that cyber-attacks became more prevalent after initial outbreak in China, with some days reporting up to 4 unique attacks. The UK was used as a case study to demonstrate how cyber-criminals utilized key events and governmental announcements to design cyber-crime campaigns.

The passage discusses the intersection of the Covid-19 pandemic and the increase in domestic violence (DV) as two public health emergencies. The author argues that government responses to the pandemic disproportionately affect marginalized groups, including women and girls, leading to an increase in DV cases worldwide, including in India. While high-resource countries have prioritized addressing DV during the pandemic, low-resource settings like India face additional challenges but should not neglect responding

Family violence, which includes physical, sexual, psychological, and economic abuse, has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to economic stress, instability, and reduced support options. Social isolation measures have exacerbated vulnerabilities and limited accessible support, leading to an increase in demand for domestic violence services and concerns for children not attending schools.

The passage explores the impact of 2019-nCoV containment policies on crime trends in Los Angeles using Bayesian structural time-series models. The city's response to the virus included social distancing, prohibition of gatherings, and closure of leisure premises, leading to disruptions in daily activities and urban mobility. The study found that overall crime, as well as robbery, shoplifting, theft, and battery, significantly decreased during the

The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2018-2019 occurred in a conflict zone and is the second largest EVD outbreak in history. The study aimed to understand the impact of violence on EVD transmission using spatial and temporal trends of case counts in health zones that have versus have not experienced recent violent events. The study found that health zones with recently reported violent events had higher estimated transmission rates (

The COVID-19 pandemic has significant implications for ambulatory gynecologic care, affecting safety and mental health, reproductive life planning, sexually transmitted infections, and routine screening for breast and cervical cancer. Social distancing requirements may increase risks for intimate partner violence and mental health concerns, impact access to contraception and abortion services, interrupt prepregnancy planning, and decrease access to cancer screenings and STIs treatment. Recommendations include

The Covid-19 pandemic and resulting quarantine measures have raised concerns about the impact on domestic violence. While some reports suggest a decrease in reported cases, the reliability of this data is questionable. Quarantine can increase stress, emotional disappointment, economic hardship, and cramped living conditions, all of which can contribute to domestic violence. It is crucial for public institutions to take this potential increase in abuse seriously and implement measures to prevent and report cases effectively.

The Covid-19 pandemic and resulting quarantine measures have raised concerns about the impact on domestic violence. While some reports suggest a decrease in reported cases, the reliability of this data is questionable. Quarantine can increase stress, emotional disappointment, economic hardship, and cramped living conditions, all of which can contribute to domestic violence. It is crucial for public institutions to take this potential increase seriously and implement measures to prevent and report abuse cases.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had varying effects on different types of crime, including cybercrime. Using routine activity theory, this study investigates how the pandemic has affected rates of cybervictimization by comparing pre-pandemic and post-pandemic data. The findings suggest that while routines have not significantly changed and cybervictimization rates have remained relatively stable, routine activity theory still effectively predicts cybercrime. Possible explanations for these results include increased

The passage explores the philosophical question of homeopathy's survival in a modern, violent society. Homeopathy, known for its peaceful and personalized approach, faces challenges in a world that prioritizes fast and invasive treatments, despite its effectiveness in chronic diseases. The conclusion suggests that homeopathy may struggle to thrive in this context.

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant negative impacts on children and adolescents, their families, and communities, including illness, death, social isolation, malnutrition, and exacerbating existing disparities such as racism, poverty, domestic violence, and child maltreatment. These issues are likely to worsen the negative effects on child development and mental health.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, experts warn of increased mortality from neglected diseases, including female genital mutilation (FGM), a violation of women's human rights. FGM, which affects 3 million women annually, primarily in Africa and the Middle East, can lead to psychological, sexual, and reproductive health issues, as well as obstetric complications. The pandemic's disruption of protection and health systems may result in more cases of FGM,

The study examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on racial animus towards Asians in the US, using data from Google searches and Twitter posts containing a racial slur. The researchers found an increase in racist searches and tweets following the first local diagnosis of Covid-19, with most of the tweets coming from existing users. This rise in animosity could lead to future hate crimes, as there is a strong correlation between the use of the slur and historical

The passage discusses the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's reproductive rights and increased risk of violence, particularly for minoritized women. It highlights concerns over shelter-in-place mandates for domestic violence victims and the shaping of public reproductive health policy to disadvantage women. The authors call for bold action from violence prevention leaders, including prioritizing women's needs in medical, social, and legal settings through innovative interventions, urging

A researcher and practitioner discuss the benefits of collaborative research to enhance services for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) during the COVID-19 pandemic. They exchange questions on how shelter clients are coping, ways researchers or community members can help, and considerations for researcher-practitioner partnerships. The dialogue emphasizes the significance of strong partnerships to improve services for trauma survivors during crises.

A researcher and practitioner discuss the benefits of collaborative research to enhance services for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) during the COVID-19 pandemic. They exchange questions on how shelter clients are coping, ways researchers and community members can help, and considerations for researcher-practitioner partnerships. The dialogue emphasizes the significance of strong partnerships to improve trauma services during crises.

The COVID-19 pandemic in the US has led to an increase in hate crimes against Asian Americans and vandalism of their businesses. Negative biases and microaggressions towards Asian Americans have also risen due to the disease's association with China. Historically, Asian Americans have been stereotyped as perpetually foreign and linked to infectious diseases. This essay explores the potential repercussions, including the possibility of a renewed panethnic Asian American identity

The passage discusses the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on fraud victimization, particularly affecting those over 50 years old. According to data from the Federal Trade Commission, reports of fraud increased significantly in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, with older adults losing more money and being targeted more frequently for tech support scams. The paper suggests that the pandemic may have a greater financial impact on older adults than younger adults and recommends

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, known for oil exploration and production, has faced decades of conflict, corruption, political instability, and environmental damage. Amidst this context, a long-running micro-development project, which includes a weekly school-based nutrition program, has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting school closures in Rivers State. Despite the challenges, the nutrition program has adapted to continue in socially distanced forms.

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, known for oil exploration and production, has faced issues like corruption, political instability, violence, and environmental damage. Oil companies have implemented CSR initiatives to build relations, and humanitarian actors also support local projects. A long-running development project, which includes a weekly nutrition program for schoolchildren, has been affected by the COVID-19 outbreak and school closures in Rivers State. Despite the challenges, the nutrition program has continued in socially distanced forms

During the coronavirus lockdowns, there have been reports of increased domestic violence and abuse cases. However, it's important to note that the number of abusive men is not increasing, but the frequency and types of abuse are. The crisis keeps both parties confined together, leading to a pattern of abuse that may worsen. It's crucial to remember that domestic violence and abuse are the result of gendered social and cultural norms, not just a reaction to the pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in various changes in the US, including closed businesses, schools, and public events, leading to an analysis of crime frequency in 16 large cities using police data. SARIMA models forecasted crime trends without the pandemic, which were compared to actual crime frequencies during the early months of the pandemic. No significant changes were found in serious assaults, but some reductions in residential burglary and diverging patterns in motor vehicle thefts were observed.

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an increase in reports of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), a global issue with underlying causes including the need for perpetrators to exert control. Social distancing, self-isolation, and lockdown policies may exacerbate risk factors for IPV, such as economic stress, substance abuse, and mental health issues. Access to specialized services and healthcare can be compromised during the pandemic, making it more challenging for healthcare professionals to

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected marginalized populations in the United States, including workers of color, individuals from low-income backgrounds, and women. This essay discusses how these groups are overrepresented in sectors most impacted by the pandemic and lack access to decent work. Low-income workers performing essential tasks face economic and work-related implications. Asian Americans are experiencing increased discrimination. Women are dealing with role conflict and stress from managing additional un

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated labor market inequalities, particularly for marginalized populations in the US, including workers of color, low-income individuals, and women. This essay discusses the disproportionate representation of these groups in sectors most affected by the pandemic, the lack of decent work and increased discrimination for essential low-income workers, and the role conflict and stress for women managing additional unpaid work. The essay calls for research from vocational

A multi-level influence model is proposed to explain how cybercriminals exploit the COVID-19 pandemic through situational factors, victim identification, impersonation, attack methods, and social engineering. The model builds upon previous research on cybercrime influence techniques and emotional appeals, with a focus on situational factors. An analysis of 185 COVID-19 cybercrime incident documents reveals diverse and evolving patterns in these attacks. The insights aim to help end-users

This paper explores the effect of Covid-19 on community-based violence interventions, focusing on hospital-based initiatives and street outreach organizations. Using experiences from Rochester, New York, it discusses how the pandemic and resulting social restrictions have hindered these organizations' response to violence. The paper also suggests adaptations for continuing services amidst Covid-19 challenges.

The study assessed the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on violent and accidental deaths in Peru using data from the National Death Information System. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted for homicide, suicide, and traffic accidents, stratified by sex and every 15 days. All forms of deaths examined experienced a sudden drop after the lockdown. The biggest reduction was in traffic accidents, with a decrease of 12.66 deaths per million men per month and 3.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted ambulatory gynecologic care, affecting safety and mental health, reproductive life planning, sexually transmitted infections, and routine screening for breast and cervical cancer. Social distancing requirements may increase risks for intimate partner violence and mental health concerns, impact access to contraception and abortion services, disrupt prepregnancy planning, and decrease access to cancer screenings and STIs treatment. Recommendations include

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for law enforcement agencies in the US, requiring them to contain the spread, serve the community, and maintain order while protecting officers from exposure. The CDC and other agencies have recommended measures such as reassigning personnel, suspending training, and limiting access to facilities. However, communication, resource management, enforcing public health restrictions, and changes to crime patterns present obstacles. Future responses to pandemics should address these challenges to ensure officer

A deep learning model called COVID-Net was proposed to predict the trajectories of COVID-19 cases and deaths in US counties using LSTM and GRU architecture. The model was validated using data up to May 19, 2020, and produced small Mean Relative Errors for severely affected counties. The model incorporates five risk factors - population exercise access, PM2.5 levels, population size, preventable hospitalization rate, and violent crime rate

This study explores the mental health impact of COVID-19 lockdowns through personal stories and newspaper reports from Britain and Sri Lanka. Previous research has examined the epidemiology and language diversity of the pandemic, but none have focused on its societal and mental health consequences. The study uses corpus linguistics to analyze personal stories and newspaper reports, revealing that self-isolation leads to mental health breakdown but also positive emotions like helping and solidarity. British newspapers prioritize government handling

During the COVID-19 pandemic, discriminatory media reports labeling the virus as the "Chinese virus" have negatively impacted the mental health of Chinese travelers. This discrimination has led to violent attacks and increased fear and anxiety. Key world leaders, including President Donald Trump, have contributed to this sensationalism. This perspective article discusses the potential effects of misleading media reports on the mental well-being of ethnically Chinese travelers.

Boko Haram, a terrorist group in Nigeria, has caused over 20,000 deaths and displaced over one million people since 2009. Initially, the group could not be contained by security forces and held 14 local government districts. They used crude imagery in their propaganda to reinforce the brutality of their attacks on military barracks, markets, mosques, and churches. However, the effectiveness of their propaganda declined as they suffered military defe

The final chapter of this analysis focuses on Neill Blomkamp's film "District 9" and its exploration of human-alien relationships. The chapter delves into the biopolitical dimensions of the film, examining how desire challenges the violent actions of the multinational security company, Multi-National United. It explores the protagonist's transformation into an alien and his subsequent exclusion from the community, leaving him in a state of bare life. The chapter

A web-based survey was conducted during Germany's lockdown to assess mental health, with 3,545 volunteers participating. Mean age was 40.36 years, 83.1% were female, and 15.2% were male. Thirty-six percent reported physical or mental health issues. Participants showed mild distress, but higher depression and anxiety levels than reference samples. The mean well-being score was low, indicating potential depression. Women

A study analyzed Peruvian death data from 2018 to 2020 during the first 100 days of quarantine to estimate excess deaths caused by COVID-19. The daily death rate decreased during quarantine days without COVID-19 cases, but the excess deaths were 36,230, which is 1.12 times the estimate from 2019 and 4.2 times the COVID-19 deaths

The passage discusses the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus from Wuhan, China, which became a pandemic by March 2020, and the significant impact it has had on moral standards and psychology. Moral injury, a multidisciplinary concept, is explored in the context of disasters and epidemics. Immorality and violence during the outbreak have caused confusion, destruction, and weakening of moral emotions and toughness, leading to varying degrees of moral injury

The passage discusses the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus from Wuhan, China, which became a pandemic by March 2020, and the significant impact it has had on moral standards and psychology. Moral injury, a multidisciplinary concept, is explored in the context of disasters and epidemics. Immorality, violence, injury, and illness during the outbreak have caused confusion, destruction, and weakening of moral emotions and toughness, leading to

The Coronavirus pandemic has highlighted health and healthcare disparities for black breast cancer patients, who experience disparities in stage of presentation, surgical management, and mortality. Guidelines for surgical delay during the pandemic from major surgical organizations may worsen delays in surgery for this population. Recommendations to mitigate this include tracking time from diagnosis to surgery, documenting reasons for delay, recording selection of breast cancer treatments by race and ethnicity, and collecting data on social

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights existing socio-economic and health inequalities, including a rise in gender-based violence (GBV). In crises, particularly those involving quarantine, GBV tends to increase. Policymakers should leverage community knowledge, technology, and global guidelines to address this issue early in the COVID-19 response. Women, who are often relegated to care work and excluded from decision-making, are disproportionately affected and

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights existing socio-economic and health inequalities, including a rise in gender-based violence (GBV). In crises, particularly those involving quarantine, GBV tends to increase. Policymakers should leverage community expertise, technology, and global guidelines to address this issue early in the COVID-19 epidemic. Women, who are often relegated to care work and excluded from response development, are disproportionately affected.

The article discusses the psychological trauma experienced by the Indonesian population during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the lack of preparedness, poorly equipped healthcare system, and lockdown policies. Four types of psychological trauma were observed: social withdrawal, hysteria, individual violence, and collective violence. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing both individual and collective reactions to minimize harm from the pandemic.

The Heart Rhythm Society and American Heart Association, in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology, have issued a guidance document to help clinicians and institutions safely resume electrophysiology services for arrhythmia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document covers regional and local COVID-19 disease status, the use of viral screening and serologic testing, return-to-work considerations for healthcare workers, risk stratification and management strategies, institutional preparedness, patient

The COVID-19 pandemic increases risks for victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Rhode Island. This article discusses the current situation and recommends telehealth practices for IPV screening and intervention. Special attention is given to undocumented immigrant victims and their unique vulnerabilities and needs.

The COVID-19 pandemic increases risks for victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Rhode Island. This article discusses the current situation and recommends telehealth practices for IPV screening and intervention. It also focuses on the challenges faced by undocumented immigrant victims and suggests ways for healthcare providers to address their specific vulnerabilities.

The passage discusses the impact of social distancing and lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic on crime rates in one UK police force area. The study found that all recorded crime declined by 41% within a week of the lockdown, with varying degrees of decrease for different crime types. Shoplifting and other theft were inelastic but responsive to reduced retail sector mobility, while burglary dwelling was elastic to increases in residential area mobility, and assault was

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals involved in dysphagia care face challenges due to virus exposure and new safety guidelines. Recommendations from professional societies address procedures, timing, and risk reduction during dysphagia assessments and interventions. Balancing safety and evidence-based practices is a significant challenge. This paper provides current evidence on COVID-19 transmission during dysphagia practices and recommends protective measures. It also summarizes current understanding of dysphag

The passage discusses the shift in social justice advocacy teaching in classrooms and the increase in hate speech and hate crimes since the 2016 election. The authors conducted a survey of participants in the 2017 Women's March to understand their prior activism experience, motivation for attending, and post-march plans. The survey found that gender equality was a major concern for many marchers, particularly economic and social equity issues. The authors suggest that the findings highlight the

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected different parts of the world with varying responses and preparedness levels. Africa's late arrival to the virus allows for learning from successful methods in early-hit countries like Singapore. This article suggests adapting Singapore's pandemic response model for Africa, considering regional differences and unique challenges. The lessons learned from the pandemic will be crucial for future health crises and planetary health issues.

The Heart Rhythm Society, American Heart Association, and American College of Cardiology have issued guidance for clinicians and institutions on resuming safe electrophysiology care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document covers regional and local disease status, viral screening and serologic testing, return-to-work considerations, risk stratification and management strategies, institutional preparedness, patient preparation and communication, prioritization of procedures, and development of outpatient and periproced

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant and long-lasting effects on mental health globally, with the full impact yet to be determined. This special issue focuses on understanding how the pandemic is affecting mental health services in Ireland and internationally. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 reach various sectors of society, and this issue features perspectives from multiple disciplines and healthcare settings. Innovation and collaboration are key to addressing population mental health during and after the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related measures to contain it have brought about unintended negative consequences, including increased risks of domestic violence, particularly against children and their mothers. Domestic violence, which includes intimate partner violence, is a range of abuses that occur within a domestic space.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant health and socioeconomic costs for countries, and the focus is on recovery while mitigating the consequences of social isolation. Children have not been as affected by the virus as older adults but have experienced negative impacts from school closures. Reopening schools is crucial for recovery, and children's interests should be prioritized in the process. The question is how to address their needs within the context of society's perception of children -

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant health and socioeconomic costs for countries, and the focus is on recovery while mitigating the consequences of social isolation. Children have not been as affected by the virus as older adults but have experienced negative impacts from school closures. Reopening schools is crucial for recovery, and children's interests should be prioritized in the recovery plan. The question is how to address their needs, whether viewing them as pawns, path

The popularity of the Internet and cloud computing, which began in the late 1990s, has brought about both positive and negative effects, including a surge in Internet crime. With the increasing use of smartphones and mobile Internet, cloud computing has become more prevalent, allowing programs to run on multiple connected computers in different locations at a reduced cost. However, this distributed nature of cloud computing presents challenges for law enforcement in dealing with trans- and multijurisdictional cybercrimes

The Covid-19 pandemic and resulting containment policies led to decreases in crime in some areas, but the extent of this decline varies by crime type and location. This study examines burglary in Detroit during March 2020, a period of significant changes in routine activities. The analysis is based on 879 block groups, distinguishing those primarily residential from those with mixed land use. The study divides the month into three periods: pre-containment,

A study examining the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on domestic violence in Dallas, Texas, found a short-term spike in incidents during the first two weeks of the lockdown, but a decrease thereafter. However, it's unclear if the lockdown was the sole cause, as domestic violence trends were already increasing prior to the order.

The passage discusses the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on children, who are less affected medically but experience greater psychological burden due to quarantine, school closure, lack of outdoor activity, and disrupted dietary and sleeping habits. Domestic violence, child abuse, and exposure to adulterated online content have increased. Children from single parent households, frontline workers, and marginalized communities face unique challenges. To mitigate the psychosocial effects, it is crucial to

The passage discusses the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on children, who are less affected medically but experience greater psychological burden due to quarantine, school closure, lack of outdoor activity, and disrupted dietary and sleeping habits. Domestic violence, child abuse, and exposure to adulterated online content have increased. Children from single parent households, frontline workers, and marginalized communities face unique challenges. Parents, healthcare professionals, social workers, and organizations must prior

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the access and delivery of cancer therapies worldwide, as patients with cancer are at higher risk for severe infection and potential treatment compromises. A global oncology pharmacy perspective, prepared by the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners with input from 42 practice leaders in 28 countries and regions, highlights challenges related to safe handling of hazardous drugs and maintaining high-quality medication safety standards during the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the access and delivery of cancer therapies worldwide, as patients with cancer are at higher risk for severe infection and potential adverse outcomes from treatment compromises. A global oncology pharmacy perspective, prepared by the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners with input from 42 practice leaders in 28 countries and regions, highlights challenges related to safe handling of hazardous drugs and maintaining high-quality medication safety standards during

The passage discusses a study comparing autopsy case characteristics during the first month of Greece's COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 to the same period in 2019. No significant differences were found in gender, age, nationality, or place of death. However, there was an increased number of cases in the 70-79 age group in 2020. The percentage increase of out-of-hospital deaths was not

The study compared autopsy cases from the first month of the lockdown period for COVID-19 in Greece in 2019 and 2020. No significant differences were found in gender, age, and nationality. An increase in cases within the age group 70-79 years was observed in 2020. The percentage increase of out-of-hospital deaths was not statistically significant. The drop of violent deaths and sudden/un

The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting household isolation have led to an increased risk of domestic violence and abuse (DVA), with facial injuries being the most common physical manifestation. Dentists, dental care professionals, oral surgeons, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons are crucial in identifying patients experiencing DVA and making referrals to specialist agencies. This paper outlines sensitive questioning techniques and appropriate referral processes to help prevent DVA situations from escalating and potentially saving lives

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in pediatric gastroenterology fellowship training in North America. A survey of 77 program directors revealed that 66% of them reported being under a "stay-at-home" order for a median of 4 weeks. Outpatient telehealth was implemented in 76% of programs, and fellows stopped participating in outpatient clinics and endoscopy in 43% and 52%

The article by Gopalan and Misra provides an informative summary of the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The authors discuss the socio-economic and medical impacts of the epidemic, including the effects on jobs, businesses, transportation, travel, and the resulting decrease in the country's GDP. Daily wagers and local business personnel have been disproportionately affected.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected bariatric surgery practices worldwide, leading to the postponement or cancellation of elective surgeries and appointments. A survey of 169 bariatric surgeons revealed that most had postponed preoperative endoscopies, outpatient clinic visits, and bariatric operations. Video calls were used for follow-up appointments, and laparoscopy remained the preferred treatment for surgical emerg

This study explores the experiences of eight South African NGO counsellors in helping women leave violent intimate partner relationships. They described creating caring dynamics and non-directive counseling, but also providing moral guidance, especially when pregnancy or children were involved. Success was defined as the women leaving the relationship, leading to counsellor happiness, while failure resulted in anger and burn-out. The authors conclude that these challenges stem from patriarchal systems and suggest implications for practice and training.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique risks for individuals experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) both in the US and abroad. This commentary discusses how the pandemic may be exacerbating IPV and proposes strategies to reduce IPV risk during crises. (Summary generated using text-summarization techniques)

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges in protecting individuals experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) both in the US and abroad. This commentary discusses how the pandemic may heighten IPV risk and proposes strategies to reduce IPV during crises. (Summary generated using text-summarization techniques)

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in intimate partner violence (IPV), resulting in physical and mental health issues. Radiologists can make a difference by recognizing typical IPV injury patterns, asking potential victims about the cause of injury, and being familiar with support systems for IPV victims in their institutions. Emergency and radiology departments should also review and update their protocols for identifying and supporting IPV victims, and train staff to collaborate in implementing these measures during and

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to deregulation in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), resulting in significant changes such as the release of nonviolent drug offenders and relaxed regulations on addiction treatment medications. These reforms, while long-sought after by practitioners and advocates, come with challenges as old systems are deeply entrenched. Researchers should evaluate these changes and their impact on OUD treatment, using the pandemic as a natural experiment in legal

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to deregulation in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), resulting in significant changes such as the release of nonviolent drug offenders and the relaxation of regulations surrounding addiction treatment medications. These reforms, which have been advocated for years, present opportunities for evaluation by legal epidemiology as natural experiments. However, the old systems are entrenched and resilient, making it crucial for researchers to assess these changes and synt

The Covid-19 pandemic and related measures to contain its spread are increasing the risk of family violence globally. Many countries have reported a surge in domestic violence cases. While there is no clear academic precedent for this crisis, studying the impact of natural disasters on family violence reports may offer insight. Strengthening collaborations between human welfare and animal welfare agencies, expanding community partnerships, and raising public awareness about reporting any signs of abuse are crucial actions to mitigate the issue.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts routine health care delivery, posing challenges for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients face limitations in accessing health services, medications, imaging, and cardiac rehabilitation, while lifestyle habits and mental health are also affected. The Position Statement recommends delivering safe ongoing access to healthcare professionals and utilizing electronic health platforms to transform secondary prevention. Integrating research on these approaches can provide insights for optimal secondary prevention

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts routine health care delivery, posing challenges for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients face limitations in accessing health services, medications, imaging, and cardiac rehabilitation, while lifestyle habits and mental health are also affected. The Position Statement recommends ensuring safe access to healthcare professionals and evidence-based therapies, and increasing the use of electronic health platforms for secondary prevention. Research programs evaluating the

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the flaws of hyper consumption and perpetual growth models, leading to unintended degrowth in the tourism industry. This crisis presents an opportunity for a economic and social reset, shifting priorities towards greater social and environmental wellbeing and meaningful human connections. Non-western alternatives like the South American concept of Buen Vivir can guide this transformation in tourism, focusing on localized and slow tourism that benefits both host communities and tourists. Buen Vivir

The Covid-19 pandemic, which emerged in China and spread to Turkey in early 2020, left a significant impact on Turkish society. A study assessing public attitude towards the pandemic through data from 1586 people revealed high sensitivity to the virus, maximum protection efforts, and above-average social trust. These findings indicate a substantial impact of Covid-19 on Turkish society in terms of psychological, social, and economic aspects.

The passage emphasizes the increased risk for domestic violence victims during the COVID-19 pandemic due to shelter-in-place instructions. Home, which is supposed to be a safe haven, can be a dangerous place for survivors. Containment policies may lead to higher rates of domestic violence, substance abuse, anxiety, depression, and suicide. Financial insecurity and job losses can exacerbate at-risk relationships and lead to violence.

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on children in India, disrupting various aspects of their lives including health, development, learning, and family economic security. The UN, WHO, UNICEF, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience are raising concerns about the potential long-term consequences and urging action to support children's mental health. The disruptions may lead to mental health issues

The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures are causing significant disruptions to children's lives in India, affecting their health, development, learning, behavior, and families' economic security. The UN, WHO, UNICEF, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience are raising concerns about the long-term consequences for children and urging action to minimize mental health issues through screening.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) literature has grown exponentially since its identification in January 2020, with over 4000 publications. A review of MEDLINE and neurosurgical societies' websites identified 38 relevant manuscripts and 57 documents. These documents provided suggestions for neurosurgical patient care, operational models, and regional or departmental models during the pandemic. Neurosurgical societies will play

This paper examines the geographical impacts of Covid-19 and outlines a plan for studying its long-term effects. The author explores the relationship between a country's health security capacities and Covid-19 mortalities, and examines how economic, governance, and cultural contexts mediate the public health impacts of the virus. The paper concludes by reflecting on the potential post-pandemic reconfiguration of state-market-society relationships and the

The passage discusses the potential years of life lost (YLL) due to the psychosocial consequences of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, using Switzerland as an example. The study focused on the impact of suicide, depression, alcohol use disorder, childhood trauma, changes in marital status, and social isolation. The average person is projected to lose 0.205 YLL, but 2.1% of the population will bear the brunt of the loss, averaging