Question: what evidence is there for dexamethasone as a treatment for COVID-19?

The passage offers non-evidence-based recommendations for managing multiple myeloma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. For standard-risk patients, various treatment options are suggested, including IRd, CRd, DRd, RVd, or CyBorD. High-risk patients are recommended KRd or RVd, with a lower dexamethasone dose and subcutaneous bortezomib. ASCT is delayed for most patients

The passage offers non-evidence based recommendations for managing multiple myeloma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. For standard-risk patients, various treatment options including IRd, CRd, DRd, RVd, and CyBorD are suggested. High-risk patients are recommended KRd or RVd, with dose adjustments for dexamethasone and bortezomib. ASCT is delayed for most patients, except those with

A randomized trial is being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of early intravenous dexamethasone administration in adult patients with moderate or severe ARDS due to COVID-19. The trial includes 350 patients with early-onset ARDS, randomly allocated to standard treatment plus dexamethasone or standard treatment without dexamethasone. The primary outcome is ventilator-free days within 28 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes

This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the current data on human controlled trials for COVID-19 treatments. Medications assessed included lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, favipiravir, heparin, and dexamethasone. Lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and arbidol showed no

The RECOVERY trial compared the use of dexamethasone to usual care in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A total of 2104 patients received dexamethasone and 4321 received usual care. The age-adjusted rate ratio of mortality was lower in the dexamethasone group (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.92, P

A study of 21 SARS-CoV-2 patients with pneumonia, moderate to severely elevated CRP, and worsening hypoxemia found that early, short-term treatment with dexamethasone led to significant decreases in CRP levels (from 129.52 to 40.73 mg/L) and most patients were discharged home with an average length of stay of 7-8 days

A series of 21 SARS-CoV-2 patients with pneumonia, moderate to severely elevated CRP, and worsening hypoxemia were treated with a short course of dexamethasone. CRP levels decreased significantly, and most patients were discharged home with a mean length of stay of 7.8 days. None required mechanical ventilation, but two were transferred to hospice. The study suggests that short-term cort

The passage discusses the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 and potential pharmacotherapies to address these issues. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a pandemic disease with no approved treatment. Medications used in its treatment include hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, dexamethasone, protease inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory agents. Patients with cardiovascular disease

This passage describes a phase III clinical trial titled "CryptoDex," which aims to test the effectiveness of adding dexamethasone to standard antifungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis (CM), a severe and often fatal illness in HIV-infected adults. The trial is a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with parallel arms, recruiting patients in Asia and Africa. The primary research question is whether adding dexamethas

A randomized controlled trial is being conducted to test the hypothesis that early administration of dexamethasone, IV-IG, and interferon-beta in combination can reduce the effect of the cytokine storm in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The trial is a phase two multi-center study with three parallel arms (1:1:1 ratio). Participants are hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, aged 18-70, with

A series of 21 patients with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia and moderately to severely elevated CRP levels were treated with a short course of dexamethasone at The Miriam Hospital. CRP levels decreased significantly, and most patients were discharged home with an average length of stay of 7.8 days. None required mechanical ventilation, but two were transferred to hospice. The study suggests that short-term corticosteroids

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has put a strain on healthcare systems and prompted researchers to find effective treatments. Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, is currently the only proven life-saving drug for severe COVID-19 cases, which affect around 20% of infected individuals and result in respiratory and multi-organ failures. The excessive immune response to the virus damages pulmonary alve

During the COVID-19 pandemic, minimizing dexamethasone exposure during antiemetic prophylaxis for cancer patients is important due to its association with increased risk of viral and respiratory infections and lymphopenia. An expert panel reviewed literature and recommended modifying the 2019 Cancer Care Ontario Antiemetic Recommendations. Single-day dexamethasone dosing with high emetogenic risk regimens

The passage discusses the potential use of the corticosteroid dexamethasone for severe COVID-19 patients, but warns of its potential risks. Dexamethasone, approved since 1958, is an immunosuppressor that limits cytokine production and damages their effects. However, it also inhibits T cells and B cells, which could increase viral load and prevent the generation of protective antibodies. Additionally,

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has put immense pressure on healthcare systems and led researchers to find effective preventive and treatment strategies. Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, is currently the only proven life-saving drug for severe COVID-19 cases, which affect around 20% of infected individuals and result in respiratory and multi-organ failures. The excessive immune response damages pulmonary alve

The study investigated the impact of dexamethasone (DX) on rotavirus infection in gnotobiotic calves by suppressing their immune systems. DX treatment inhibited mitogen responses in both rotavirus-naive and rotavirus-immune calves within 48 hours. However, the effect on antibody responses varied depending on the timing of DX treatment. When given before primary rotavirus infection, both systemic and local antibody responses were inhibited

A study by Gautret et al. suggested that hydroxychloroquine monotherapy and hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin could reduce viral load in COVID-19 patients. However, the study has major methodological issues, including design, outcome measure, and statistical analyses. This paper discusses the background, clinical evidence, pharmacology, and methodological issues related to the trial. Despite the urgency to find antiv

A multicentre, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of dexamethasone in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study aimed to evaluate if dexamethasone could change pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to decreased duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality. The trial involved 17 intensive care units in Spain and enrolled 277 patients, with

A multicentre, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of dexamethasone in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study aimed to evaluate if dexamethasone could change pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to decreased duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality. Between March 2013 and December 2018, 277 patients were enrolled

This study aimed to test the safety and feasibility of percutaneous adventitial delivery of dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory compound, into the adventitia of the femoropopliteal artery during endovascular treatment. Twenty patients with Rutherford clinical category 2-5 underwent the procedure, which involved deploying a microneedle from an adventitial microinfusion catheter into the adventitia

A systematic review was conducted to assess the role of corticosteroids in managing COVID-19 based on the RECOVERY Trial results. Five studies were analyzed, with three showing benefits, two showing no benefits, and one suggesting harm in critical cases. The RECOVERY Trial found that dexamethasone reduced deaths by 35% in ventilated patients and 20% in patients on supplemental oxygen therapy, but no benefit was observed in mild cases

A systematic review was conducted to assess the role of corticosteroids in managing COVID-19 based on five studies, including one randomized controlled trial (RECOVERY) from the World Health Organization's non-recommendation. Three retrospective studies and one quasi-prospective study showed benefits, while two studies showed no benefits, and one sub-study suggested harm in critical cases. The RECOVERY trial reported a 35% reduction in death for

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, is proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 and has been approved for prophylaxis in India for health workers and contacts of confirmed cases. The FDA has authorized its use for treatment in adolescents and adults in the US. This review examines the evidence for and against HCQ's use as a preventative or treatment for COVID-19, focusing on the Indian context

The passage highlights the overall low methodological quality of COVID-19 research, using hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin studies as an example. The flawed methodology and sub-optimal reporting could lead to biased estimates of effect, potentially harming patients with ineffective or harmful treatment decisions. Researchers must focus on improving methodology and reporting, including considering harms to patients, to increase confidence in research findings.

The passage discusses the potential risks of using dexamethasone, an antiemetic commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting from cancer drugs, in uninfected cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dexamethasone can cause B and T cell depletion, which may increase the risk of infection and worsen outcomes if a patient subsequently contracts COVID-19. Since lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune response

Glucocorticoids, specifically dexamethasone, inhibit neurogenic plasma extravasation in the rat trachea caused by capsaicin and substance P. The inhibition occurs in a dose-dependent manner with a latency of several hours and reaches a maximum after two days of treatment. Additionally, glucocorticoids prevent the potentiating effect of Sendai virus respiratory infection on neurogenic plasma extravasation.

Dexamethasone reduces endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and improved arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and lung damage. This effect is observed in the early stages of ALI.

Dexamethasone, a steroid medication, has been shown to reduce mortality rates in COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, according to a study published in the Lancet. The study involved over 6,000 patients and found that dexamethasone lowered the risk of death by one-third in patients on oxygen and by one-fifth in those on ventilators. However, the medication did not benefit patients who did

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for effective management of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. With limited pharmacological options, historical reports on low-dose radiation therapy for pneumonia have gained interest. Although these reports have low-level evidence, they suggest effectiveness in the dose range of 0.3-1 Gy, similar to recent dose concepts for inflammatory/degenerative benign diseases. This review evaluates the evidence for

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for effective treatment of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. With limited pharmacological options, historical reports on low-dose radiation therapy for pneumonia have gained interest. Although these reports have low-level evidence, they suggest effectiveness in the 0.3-1 Gy dose range, similar to recent treatments for inflammatory/degenerative diseases. This review evaluates the evidence for low-dose

Human dermal fibroblasts contain ectoaminopeptidase N, which can be increased by glucocorticoids through a receptor-mediated mechanism. Addition of fetal calf serum and dexamethasone both increase aminopeptidase N activity, with maximal increase occurring after 3 days of treatment with 1 μM dexamethasone. Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis prevent

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been uncertainties regarding the management of non-traumatic surgical emergencies, such as acute appendicitis and cholecystitis. Issues include identifying COVID-19 patients quickly, understanding the impact of abdominal surgical diseases and their treatment on COVID-19 patients, and discussing the role of non-operative treatment for abdominal diseases. This review explores these concerns based on existing

The passage discusses the global public health crisis caused by COVID-19 and the unprecedented response to find potential treatments. However, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment, and randomized clinical trials and high-quality evidence are necessary. The article provides a review of the latest published literature on therapeutic strategies and investigational lines for SARS-CoV-2.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for treating Covid-19 despite a lack of solid evidence for their safety and efficacy. Ethical questions arise regarding the obligation to treat patients with proven indications, the necessity of randomized controlled trials, and the government's right to decide treatment for all Covid-19 patients. Physicians face a dilemma between following guidelines and their own convictions

The passage discusses the parallels between managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges of treating neoplastic diseases. To effectively address these challenges, the author suggests a multinational moonshot project focused on collecting data on COVID-19 and cancer comorbidity and designing large clinical studies. The Italian organization for cancer research, Alliance Against Cancer (ACC), is proposed to lead this scientific effort by coordinating oncology teams at various levels and collaborating with

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant interferons in treating disseminated Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in immunosuppressed mice. Dexamethasone-immunosuppressed BALB/c mice developed disseminated infection with high viral loads and multi-organ involvement, including orchitis. Clinical deterioration occurred during viral clearance, and mice treated with type I

A study compared the effects of a single dose of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The incidence and severity of PONV were similar between the two groups. Early postoperatively, pain was lower and sedation higher in the dexmedetomidine group. The first analgesic request was delayed

A hypothesis is presented suggesting the use of bronchial artery infusion as an alternative to systemic drug infusion in COVID-19 trials, with potential benefits of high drug concentration and low systemic adverse effects. However, this idea is uncertain and lacks clinical data to support it. It is recommended that the technique be first tested in animal models for safety and effective dosage determination before implementation in COVID-19 trials. Currently, there are over 1,200

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to a significant increase in hospitalizations for respiratory illness. This review discusses the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily through respiratory droplets during close contact. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, with radiographic and laboratory

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to a significant increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease. This review discusses the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily spread via respiratory droplets during close contact. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, with

A novel coronavirus, COVID-19, caused a global pandemic starting at the end of 2019. Clinical evidence and guidelines for treating COVID-19 are lacking, leading to numerous treatments being evaluated. Antiviral drugs, including remdesivir, are being used, but their effectiveness is not definitive. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab show promise in selected patients, but the optimal timing and therapeutic schemes are unclear. The eff

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 2.5 million people worldwide, resulting in over 170,000 reported deaths. Preventative strategies include infection control, patient isolation, and social distancing. Supportive care is the main management approach, with oxygen therapy being the major treatment intervention. Corticosteroids and antivirals are also used in critical management schemes, but there is no specific antiviral or vaccine available. New findings require up-to

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 944,000 people worldwide, resulting in over 47,000 reported deaths. Preventative strategies include infection control, patient isolation, and social distancing. Supportive care is the main management approach, with oxygen therapy being the major treatment intervention. Corticosteroids and antivirals are also used in critical management schemes, but there is no specific antiviral or vaccine available. New findings require updated

The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impacts on health, psychology, society, and economy. The relationship between age and chronic non-communicable diseases goes beyond their prevalence. Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which are commonly used to manage these diseases, increase the expression of angiotensin conversion enzyme type 2 receptors in lung tissue. The hypothesis that these drugs may increase the risk of COVID-19 emerged

The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impacts on health, psychology, society, and economy. The relationship between age and chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking) goes beyond their prevalence. Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), commonly used to manage these diseases, increase the expression of angiotensin conversion enzyme type 2 receptors in lung tissue. The

The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impacts on health, psychology, society, and economy. The relationship between age and chronic non-communicable diseases goes beyond their prevalence. Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, often used to manage these diseases, increase ACE-2 receptors in lung tissue. Initial hypotheses suggested these drugs could worsen COVID-19 due to their interaction with ACE-2 receptors.

The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global health emergency by the WHO, has high mortality rates for severe and critical cases due to complications like ARDS, respiratory failure, and organ failure. While research on COVID-19's epidemiology and characteristics is abundant, information on treating severe and critical cases is limited. This study reviews published evidence on clinical interventions for severe and critical COVID-19 to serve as a reference for further treatment.

The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global health emergency by the WHO, has limited information on treatment for severe and critical cases with high fatality rates due to complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome, failure, or organ failure. This study reviews published evidence on clinical interventions for severe and critical COVID-19 to provide an updated reference for further treatment.

A report summarizes the lack of published evidence on anosmia and ageusia (loss of smell and taste) as symptoms of COVID-19. Oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy or immune therapy, who experience these symptoms, should contact their acute oncology support line for advice. Experts suggest these symptoms could be used as a potential trigger for testing or self-isolation until more data is available. Currently, there are no reported cases of COVID-19 patients

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an overwhelming amount of information for clinicians, requiring agility and evidence-based decision-making. Adoption of new methods should be based on clinical judgement, the weight of evidence, and the balance of probabilities. The pandemic necessitates a new level of evidence-based medicine marked by skepticism, thoughtfulness, responsiveness, and clinical agility.

The passage discusses the hypothesis that certain drugs, including ibuprofen and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, could worsen COVID-19 by increasing the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which the coronavirus uses to enter cells. This theory led to concerns about the safety of using these drugs during the pandemic. However, the article summarizes that the evidence for

A contemporary review of the neurological sequelae of COVID-19 was conducted to characterize the neuro-invasive potential of the disease. SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus, can reach ACE2 receptors on neuronal tissue through the general circulation, leading to central nervous system (CNS) manifestations such as headache and vertigo. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) sequ

This study examines the relationship between COVID-19 death rates and the use of antimalarial drugs, specifically chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, as treatments. The analysis compares death rate dynamics in countries using these drugs versus those not using them during the initial stages of the pandemic. The results suggest that countries using antimalarial drugs experienced much slower death rate increases than those not using them during the first 13 days. However, the study

The COVID-19 pandemic currently lacks randomized controlled trials proving the effectiveness of antiviral therapies. Despite this, physicians are widely prescribing various drugs to COVID-19 patients in the hope of a cure, deviating from the evidence-based medicine approach. There is a need for more research to establish effective routine care practices for managing COVID-19 symptoms and combating the disease's pathology.

The European Myeloma Network has issued a consensus statement to guide the management of multiple myeloma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients are at higher risk for severe infection due to their immunocompromised state, age, and comorbidities. Recommendations include patient education, individualized treatment, telemedicine, and early COVID-19 diagnosis through testing before hospital admission or treatment. Oral regimens are preferred for elderly and frail

The study investigated the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the H5N1 virus in mice. Mice were divided into three groups: infected, DEX-treated infected, and control. DEX did not reduce mortality, improve clinical signs, or alleviate hypoxemia and ARDS-related pathological changes. Additionally, DEX did not inhibit inflammatory

A scoping review was conducted on 84 studies from 1975-2020, mostly before the COVID-19 outbreak, to assess the impact of COVID-19 on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Risk factors for unfavorable respiratory outcomes include alcohol consumption, tobacco use, aging population, and comorbidities like cardiopulmonary issues. Treatment toxicities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy also increase

A systematic literature review assessed 49 papers published in 2020 on the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis. Of the 755 pregnant women and 598 infants studied, over half had C-sections and only 82% of infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, with two testing positive. No vertical transmission has been proven yet due to gaps in care during and after

This study aimed to identify molecular signaling pathways dysfunctional during SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells and repurpose existing drugs as potential COVID-19 treatments based on transcriptional response. Signaling pathways and gene ontologies like MAPK, JNK, STAT, ERK, JAK-STAT, IRF7-NFkB signaling, and MYD88/CXCR6 immune sign

Two cases of pulmonary capillary leak syndrome caused by COVID-19 infection are reported. Diagnosis was made based on confirmed RT-PCR test results, respiratory distress, lung crackles, and alveolar pulmonary edema on chest CT-Scan, and normal heart functions. Patients were treated with oxygen therapy, corticosteroids, diuretics, Azithromycine, vitamin C, and other symptomatic treatments,

The passage summarizes an article aimed at trainee audiences, discussing the relationship between COVID-19 and headaches. The article explains that COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, is associated with neurological symptoms, including headaches. The pandemic has led to changes in clinical practice, such as increased use of telemedicine due to limitations on in-person visits. The article explores possible mechanisms of headache in COVID-19 patients, including indirect, potential

A systematic review of nine articles involving 12 patients with specific skin disorders and COVID-19 found that most required mild-moderate treatment, with only one requiring ICU admission. Biologic or immunosuppressive/immunomodulator agents were ceased during infection but resumed after recovery to prevent severe recurrence and cytokine storms. The course of COVID-19 and its management were similar to the general population, with exacerb

During the COVID-19 pandemic, special care is required for cancer patients, including those with multiple myeloma, due to their immunosuppressed status and increased risk for severe infection and mortality. Multiple myeloma patients are a vulnerable group due to their age and long-term therapy requirements, which may involve prolonged contact with the healthcare system and potential stem cell transplants. Experts discuss the available evidence and lack thereof regarding COVID-19 in myel

During the COVID-19 pandemic, special care is required for cancer patients, including those with multiple myeloma, due to their immunosuppressed status and increased risk for severe infection and mortality. Multiple myeloma patients are a vulnerable group due to their age and long-term therapy requirements, which may involve prolonged contact with the healthcare system and potential stem cell transplants. Experts in multiple myeloma and infectious diseases have discussed the available evidence and lack

A study of 90 refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone treatment examined the relationship between immune cell populations at treatment start and infection occurrence. During the study, 52 (57.8%) patients had at least one infection episode, with 58 (63%) clinically defined, 29 (31.5%) microbiologically defined, and 5

The study investigated the expression of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in healthy and inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Interferons and ISGs were detected in normal mucosa but decreased in CRS patients. Their levels were upregulated by macrolides, dexamethasone, and TLR3 agonist but downregulated

The study aimed to test two hypotheses regarding the hyperglycemic response to major noncardiac surgery and the effect of steroid administration in diabetics and nondiabetics. The results showed that diabetics had a smaller increase in glucose levels compared to nondiabetics, but both groups experienced a significant increase in glucose concentrations during surgery. Nondiabetics showed a greater increase in glucose levels with steroid administration, but there was no

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, long-used for malaria and rheumatoid arthritis, have been used anecdotally in the current COVID-19 pandemic due to their availability and previous success in treating SARS. The drugs are widely used in India. Pre-clinical evidence and eight clinical trials are discussed, with caution for cardiac toxicity. Current data does not recommend for or against their use, and

The passage discusses the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, anti-malarial drugs, in treating COVID-19, the disease caused by Sars-Cov-2 infection. While some improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of these drugs is yet to be proven through randomized controlled studies. The mechanisms of action of these drugs as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in China and spread globally, has had devastating consequences and required emergency measures to reduce its impact on public health and healthcare systems. Containment strategies and increasing intensive care capacity are prioritized, but the social and psychological effects of quarantine are concerning. The optimal management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is uncertain, and early intubation may cause harm. The use of repurposed drugs for mild cases of COVID

The COVID-19 pandemic, with its devastating consequences, has led to emergency measures to reduce the impact on public health and healthcare systems. Containment strategies and increasing intensive care capacity are prioritized, but the social and psychological effects of quarantine are a concern. The optimal management of critically ill COVID-19 patients is uncertain, and early intubation may cause harm. The use of repurposed drugs for mild cases is controversial due to their potential toxic effects and

A randomized, double-blind non-inferiority trial was conducted to test the equivalence of magnesium sulphate and dexamethasone in preventing postoperative sore throat (POST) after lumbar spinal surgery in the prone position. One hundred and forty-six patients were randomly assigned to receive either magnesium sulphate or dexamethasone. The magnesium group received a preoperative dose of 30

The passage discusses the current lack of approved treatments for COVID-19 and the significant use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data. However, there is no high-quality clinical evidence showing a clear benefit of these agents for COVID-19, and they have the potential to cause harm, including cardiac side effects and immunologic consequences that

The passage discusses the current lack of approved treatments for COVID-19 and the widespread use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data. However, there is no high-quality clinical evidence showing a clear benefit of these agents for COVID-19, and they have the potential to cause harm, including cardiac side effects and immunologic consequences that

The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to result in millions of deaths and leave behind a large number of bereaved people, many of whom may develop Complicated Grief (CG). The features of CG following the coronavirus outbreak are likely to resemble those after natural disasters and ICU treatment. This paper aims to review literature on CG after natural disasters and ICU treatment to help support bereaved people during the acute phase of the pandemic and identify those at risk for C

A summary of the passage is as follows: The passage discusses the current knowledge about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and children. SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has resulted in high morbidity and mortality in China and has spread to other countries. Approximately three neonates and over 230 children have been reported to have the disease, with mild conditions being the norm.

A cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. The causative agent was identified as a new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the related disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. The epidemic is currently spreading in China and globally.

A study titled "Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 using Deep Learning" reports an integrative, network-based deep learning methodology called CoV-KGE to identify repurposable drugs for COVID-19. The study built a comprehensive knowledge graph with 15 million edges and 39 types of relationships connecting drugs, diseases, proteins/genes, pathways, and expression from 24 million PubMed publications.

This passage summarizes a phase IIa study exploring the efficacy and safety of multiple doses of NEPA (netupitant/palonosetron) given every-other-day without dexamethasone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with relapsed-refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation and treated

A phase IIa, multicenter study explored the efficacy of multiple doses of NEPA (netupitant/palonosetron) given every-other-day without dexamethasone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with relapsed-refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation and treated with multiple

A global pandemic caused by the coronavirus COVID-19 began in December 2019 in China and has since spread to nearly all countries. About 2% of cases are diagnosed in children. Transmission can occur from asymptomatic or presymptomatic adults and children. Clinical features are similar to other respiratory viral infections, with rare cases of an unusual rash. Disease is generally mild in children but fatalities have been reported. The risk

Two studies with over 1,700 U.S. adults found that people share false information about COVID-19 due to lack of sufficient thinking about accuracy. In Study 1, participants had difficulty distinguishing true from false content when sharing on social media, but improved with greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge. Study 2 showed that a simple accuracy reminder before the study significantly increased truth discernment in participants' sharing intentions. These findings suggest that nudging people to consider accuracy

The passage presents findings from two studies conducted with over 1,700 U.S. adults regarding why people share false information about COVID-19 on social media. Study 1 revealed that participants had difficulty distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate content when deciding what to share, but greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge improved discernment. Study 2 demonstrated that a simple accuracy reminder before the study led to nearly three times more truthful sharing intentions. The results suggest that nud

A systematic review was conducted to assess the arrhythmogenic effects of short-term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19. The search resulted in 41 studies with data from 1515 patients, revealing that approximately 10% of COVID-19 patients developed QT prolongation. Two cases of ventricular arrhythmia were identified in a group of 28 patients treated with high

A systematic review was conducted to assess the arrhythmogenic effects of short-term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are widely used to treat COVID-19 but prolong the QT interval and increase the risk of torsades de pointes and sudden death. The search yielded 14 studies with data from 1515 COVID-19 patients, of whom approximately 10% developed QT prolongation. Two

A retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of hydrocortisone in decreasing respiratory support for premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Secondary objectives included assessing the impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), maternal history of chorioamnionitis, side effects, and route of administration. Forty-eight intubated patients were included, and 50% were successfully extubated

A study of 62 children aimed to evaluate the relationship between body weight and perioperative blood glucose changes after a single dose of dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis. All patients received total intravenous anesthesia and a dose of dexamethasone based on weight. Blood glucose levels were measured up to 6 hours post-administration. The results showed an increase in blood glucose levels (with

A study was conducted to compare the release profile and pharmacokinetics of intact and fragmented dexamethasone intravitreal implants in rabbit eyes. The results showed no difference in dexamethasone release or concentration in the vitreous and aqueous humors between intact and fragmented implants. Therefore, fragmentation of dexamethasone implants is unlikely to have clinically significant effects on patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unclear risks for pregnant women, with early data suggesting no increased risk and no confirmed vertical transmission. Social distancing is the best protective measure due to the lack of treatment, vaccine, or herd immunity. Management considerations include maintaining social distancing and avoiding mother/baby separation to prevent transmission.

This study analyzed the effect of dexamethasone administration on post-operative blood glucose levels in 238 diabetic patients who underwent primary hip and knee arthroplasty. The results showed that patients who received dexamethasone had higher odds of post-operative hyperglycemia within 24 hours (OR: 2.46-6.72) and 72 hours (OR: 2


Question: what are the health outcomes for children who contract COVID-19?

A retrospective analysis of 166 children with suspected COVID-19 at a specialist children's hospital found that 39.2% tested positive for the virus. Positive cases were older and had a lower proportion of underlying health vulnerabilities, but no difference in ventilation requirement or mortality rates. However, a lower proportion of positive cases required mechanical ventilation support. The study suggests that COVID-19 may not significantly differ in severity from other causes of similar

The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.

A rapid review was conducted to assess if children with brain-based developmental disabilities are more likely to develop COVID-19 and have complications or poorer outcomes. Four studies with a total of 50 COVID-19 pediatric patients, including seven at risk of brain-based disabilities, were reviewed. Symptoms varied in severity but all patients either recovered or were discharged by the study's end. No deaths were reported. The impact of COVID

A study using data from England and Wales found that there were an additional 531 non-covid-19 deaths during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to what would have been expected, based on pre-pandemic trends. The findings were consistent with the results of an interrupted time series model. The reasons for this increase are not yet clear and further analysis of cause of death data is needed to inform policy responses.

Children generally experience milder forms of COVID-19 with a better prognosis and rare mortality. Clinical features include fever, cough, and asymptomatic cases. Reasons for less severe impact may involve differences in immune system function and ACE2 expression. Diagnosis is through RT-PCR testing. Immunosuppressed children and management of severe cases are discussed. The greatest threat to child health is the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic.

Children generally experience milder forms of COVID-19 with a better prognosis and rare mortality. Clinical symptoms include fever and cough, but many are asymptomatic. Reasons for less severe impact in children may involve differences in immune system function and ACE2 expression. Diagnosis is through RT-PCR testing, and management includes antiviral and immunomodulatory treatments for severe cases. The greatest threat to child health from COVID-19 is not

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed weaknesses in the US social safety net, particularly in supporting families with children. Existing programs primarily focus on older Americans and unemployed or disabled working-age adults. Emergency relief packages provide some relief but reinforce existing inequalities and fail to adequately support families with children, especially immigrant and families of color. To address these gaps, a national US child allowance is proposed as a solution to provide immediate relief during the pandemic and economic downt

The passage discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria control efforts in Africa. Malaria, which kills hundreds of thousands annually, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, was seeing progress with a Phase IV Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)-linked malaria vaccine implementation in 2019. However, the emergence of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and its rapid spread led to concerns

The passage discusses the potential worsened outcomes for individuals with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) who contract COVID-19. Three biological mechanisms are suggested as possible explanations: opioid-related respiratory depression may increase the risk of hypoxemia from COVID-19, complex opioid immune modulation may impact the host response to COVID-19, and drug-drug interactions between medications for OUD and COVID-19 may lead

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted myeloma care, with the immediate concern being minimizing the risk of infection. Looking ahead, the future of myeloma treatment may involve cost-effective and tailored approaches as healthcare delivery will not return to its pre-pandemic state. Investment in novel strategies is necessary to provide optimal outcomes for patients in the post-pandemic environment.

A study conducted during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in China aimed to examine risk perceptions, knowledge, and information sources among prenatal and postnatal Chinese women. The participants perceived their risk of contracting and dying from COVID-19 to be lower than influenza but were worried about getting infected. They demonstrated adequate knowledge about COVID-19, with doctors, nurses/midwives, and television being their primary sources of information. There was no significant relationship

A study conducted during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in China aimed to examine risk perceptions, knowledge, and information sources among prenatal and postnatal women. The participants perceived a lower risk of contracting and dying from COVID-19 than influenza but were worried about getting infected. They demonstrated adequate knowledge about COVID-19, with doctors, nurses/midwives, and television being their primary sources of information. There was no significant correlation between perceived risk

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted myeloma care, with the immediate concern being minimizing the risk of infection and its complications. Looking ahead, the future of myeloma treatment may involve cost-effective and tailored approaches as the post-pandemic healthcare landscape will not revert to its previous state. Now is the time to invest in innovative strategies to optimize patient outcomes.

A systematic review aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Twenty-four studies were included, indicating that children have a lower observed case rate than adults but may have similar infection rates. Limited data suggest children have milder symptoms and can be asymptomatic, but severe cases and transmission dynamics are not well understood.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health authorities have recommended social distancing, limiting nonessential services, and determining what procedures are considered elective in healthcare. For deaf and hard of hearing children, some audiologic and otologic services are essential due to critical language development periods and the long-term impact of auditory deprivation. Seattle Children's Hospital, a quaternary referral pediatric hospital in the epicenter of COVID-19 in

This descriptive study reports on 130 Italian children with confirmed COVID-19, revealing that about half had a family member with the virus and over a quarter had comorbidities, most commonly respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular conditions. The majority (75.4%) had asymptomatic or mild disease, but over half were hospitalized, with 11.5% requiring respiratory support and 6.9% treated in

A participatory digital contact tracing approach using anonymous notifications is discussed as a supplemental method for COVID-19 contact tracing in countries with limited healthcare resources and technology. Confirmed cases can provide contact information, and the system automatically sends messages to contacts, informing them of their status, actions to take, and advice for early care if symptoms develop. The sender's name can be anonymous, and messages contain a security code for contacts to access detailed information.

The passage discusses the ongoing research regarding the impact of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) inhibitors on solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19. The use of RAAS inhibitors among this population is common due to the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. There have been hypotheses that the use of RAAS inhibitors may increase the risk of developing severe SARS-Co

The passage discusses the ongoing research regarding the impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19. While there have been hypotheses suggesting that RAAS inhibitors may increase the risk of severe infection due to the role of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in both SARS-CoV-2 entry and RAAS

A study of 908 Chinese adults found that anxiety sensitivity, disgust propensity, and sensitivity are linked to fear of contracting COVID-19. The results suggest that disgust propensity and sensitivity act as moderators between anxiety sensitivity and fear of the virus. This finding highlights the importance of individual differences in the behavioral immune system during public health crises. Recommendations for targeted public education to support mental health during pandemics are suggested.

A study of 908 Chinese adults found that anxiety sensitivity, disgust propensity, and sensitivity played a role in fear of contracting COVID-19. The results showed that both disgust propensity and sensitivity moderated the relationship between physical concerns and fear of COVID-19, suggesting individual variations in the activation of the behavioral immune system. The findings have implications for public education during pandemics to support mental health.

The passage discusses how consumers' preferences are refined when coping with budget contractions, leading to a stabilization of preferences. Consumers prioritize items when allocating a budget after a contraction, resulting in fewer options being chosen when the budget is fully restored. This preference refinement effect applies to budgets of time, space, and money, and occurs when significant budget contractions and self-determined allocations are in place. Marketers should target consumers dealing with budget

A study conducted at Louisiana State University from March 3-12, 2020, asked 356 participants about their perceived likelihood of a national health crisis due to COVID-19 and their concern about contracting the virus from attending campus events. The study found that participants' estimates of a national crisis increased significantly during the second week, while concern about personal contraction remained relatively stable. Those who believed a national crisis was imminent were more concerned about attending events.

A study reviewed the impact of tobacco use on hospitalization, asymptomatic cases, and severity of COVID-19. Data was collected from RT-PCR verified sources with smoking data. The study found that smokers were underrepresented in hospitalizations in some areas but equally represented in asymptomatic populations. However, smokers may experience more severe symptoms if they contract the virus. The study recommends that smokers consider themselves at higher risk for COVID-1

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of China's contract service policy for public health care in rural areas, which aimed to convert privately practicing village doctors into government-managed general practitioners. Three counties and one non-pilot county were selected using purposive sampling. The study used case study methods and a thematic approach to analyze outcomes and mechanisms in the complex adaptive systems framework. The results showed that insufficient incentives hindered effective implementation of the policy. Incre

A retrospective study of 756 COVID-19 patients who underwent an electrocardiogram (ECG) at hospital admission found that the presence of atrial premature contractions, intraventricular block or right bundle branch block, ischemic T-wave inversion, and nonspecific repolarization were associated with increased odds of death. ST elevation was rare.

A meta-analysis of 19 peer-reviewed studies with a total of 11,590 COVID-19 patients found that smokers had higher odds of disease progression than non-smokers. Of the patients, 6.3% had a smoking history and 29.8% of those with a history of smoking experienced disease progression, compared to 17.6% of non-smokers. The meta-analysis showed

Four paediatric cases of COVID-19 infection were reported in Malaysia between late January and end of February 2020, with ages ranging from 20 months to 11 years. All children had likely contracted the virus in China and experienced no symptoms or mild flu-like illness. They were managed symptomatically without antiviral therapy. Ethical dilemmas arose regarding the quarantine of infected children with negative parents, and false negative results were

Four paediatric cases of COVID-19 were reported in Malaysia between late January and end of February 2020, with ages ranging from 20 months to 11 years. All children had likely contracted the virus in China and experienced no symptoms or mild flu-like illness. They were managed symptomatically without antiviral therapy. Ethical dilemmas arose regarding the quarantine of infected children with negative parents, and there was a risk of

A 16-month-old female infant from Lebanon is the first reported case of COVID-19 in the Middle East among children. She presented with fever and severe diarrhea, testing positive for the virus despite no respiratory symptoms. Chest radiography revealed lung infections, and she was treated with antibiotics for a bacterial co-infection. Her RT-PCR test turned negative after five days of treatment, suggesting faster virus clearance in children

A qualitative study conducted by the British Lung Foundation/Asthma UK partnership aimed to identify concerns of people with long-term respiratory conditions in the UK regarding the impact of COVID-19. The study analyzed 7,039 free text responses from individuals with asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease, or other lung diseases. Four main themes emerged: vulnerability to COVID-19, anticipated experience of contract

A simulation study using a multistate and hazards model found that stage IV oral cancer patients who did not receive treatment had disease progression and higher mortality rates compared to treated patients without COVID-19. Patients who received treatment and contracted COVID-19 had the highest mortality rate. The study suggests that isolating and deferring treatment for stage IV oral cancer patients to avoid hospital visits and COVID-19 infection is a viable strategy.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for the estimated one billion people with disabilities worldwide, particularly the over 60 age group at highest risk. Compliance with preventative measures and access to healthcare are major concerns. Disabled people may face difficulties with social distancing and carer support, and are at greater risk of morbidity and mortality if infected. Ongoing healthcare needs must be addressed, and new disabilities resulting from the pandemic require care. Good

The passage is a summary of a Cochrane review update assessing the effects of in-service emergency care training on health professionals' treatment of seriously ill newborns and children in low-income countries. The review identified two relevant studies from the original review, which suggested that health professionals are more likely to resuscitate newborns correctly and may reduce neonatal mortality after training. The second study indicated that health professionals are more likely to be well-prepared to resusc

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant risk to people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) due to healthcare disparities and multimorbidity. This guidance aims to help community teams and inpatient psychiatric settings care for individuals with IDs. Topics covered include hospital passports, individual care plans, family and carer involvement, decision-making capacity, social distancing, mental health and challenging behavior, and caring for those suspected or confirmed with COVID-19. The guidance

During a study in rural Nepal from 2011-2014, 55 out of 3,693 women (16.4 cases per 1,000 person-years) were diagnosed with Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that can cause severe lower respiratory tract disease. Twenty-five of these cases occurred during pregnancy. Women with HMPV during pregnancy had a higher risk

Children, while generally more resilient to COVID-19 than adults, may still experience disease burden, particularly in vulnerable infants and young children. Preliminary research suggests that neurotropic factors may play a role in neuropsychological outcomes in children with COVID-19, especially those with comorbid physical or mental disorders. Researchers are investigating the neural impact of COVID-19 through symptom descriptions, genomic and transcriptomic levels, neurological manifestations

The passage is a review summarizing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children. The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 led to a pandemic declared by the WHO, infecting over 1.99 million people and causing over 130,000 deaths as of April 16, 2020. The review focuses on the epidemiology and symptoms of COVID-19 in

The passage discusses the background and aim of a review on COVID-19 in children. As of April 16, 2020, there were 1,991,562 global cases and 130,885 deaths from COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The review focuses on epidemiology and symptoms of COVID-19 in children, who typically present with milder symptoms and better outcomes than

The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impacts on individuals, communities, and societies, with greater risks and complications for those with chronic health conditions like HIV. The economic downturn and mental health challenges intersecting with HIV, particularly in marginalized communities, call for action in understanding and addressing the unique effects of COVID-19 on people with HIV (PWH). This review article outlines the similarities and differences between the COVID-19 and HIV pandemics, describes the current

The passage discusses the global threat of COVID-19, which had infected over 6.9 million people and caused over 400,000 deaths as of June 8, 2020. The first case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread to over 200 countries. With no approved cure, there are concerns about the disease's origin, first-line therapies,

A study of 446 people, including 231 frontline health care workers (HCWs) and 215 non-clinical staff, was conducted to determine if HCWs were at higher risk for contracting pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Of the participants, 17.7% tested positive for the virus. While a higher number of HCWs (19.9%) tested positive

A study of 446 people, including 231 frontline health care workers (HCWs) and 215 non-clinical staff, was conducted to assess the risk of contracting pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Of the participants, 17.7% tested positive for the virus. While a higher number of HCWs (19.9%) tested positive compared to non-clinical

Nine children in Changsha, China, were identified as having novel coronavirus infection between January 8, 2019 and February 19, 2020. Six of these children had a family exposure and the median incubation period was 7.5 days. Initial symptoms were mild, including fever, diarrhea, cough, and sore throat, with two having no symptoms. Two children showed small ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography

A systematic review was conducted to determine what dental schools and dental hygiene programs have done to promote knowledge and skills related to addressing childhood obesity and reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Three studies were identified: one on the lack of essential knowledge and skills among pediatric dentistry residents, another on nutrition-related coursework in a Saudi Arabian dental school, and the third on an "oral health rotation" dietetic internship in a

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large Australian children's hospital to present early data on children tested for SARS-CoV-2 according to state health department guidelines. Of the 433 patients tested, four (0.9%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 results, all of whom were not admitted to hospital or developed severe disease. One of the positive cases had a comorbidity of asthma. A high proportion

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large Australian children's hospital to present early data on children tested for SARS-CoV-2 according to state health department guidelines. Of the 433 patients tested, only 4 (0.9%) had positive results, none of whom were admitted to hospital or developed severe disease. One of the positive cases had a comorbidity of asthma. A high proportion of SARS-CoV

A case-control study was conducted in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, to determine risk factors for watery diarrhea in children under 5 years old during a 2011 outbreak. The study involved 109 cases and 109 controls. Independent protective factors were exclusive breastfeeding for six months, using municipal water, using aqua tablets, and storing water in closed containers. The only independent risk factor was hand washing in a

The passage is a literature review summarizing the evidence on aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct and indirect evidence suggests that many otolaryngology procedures are aerosol-generating, increasing the risk of transmission for healthcare workers. Procedures such as tracheotomy, electrocautery, advanced energy devices, open suctioning, and drilling have been identified as a

The passage discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacy education, specifically the restriction of students and interns in hospitals. Four faculty preceptors at a large academic medical institution in Saudi Arabia restructured advanced pharmacy practice experiences in critical care, infectious diseases, cardiology, and internal medicine to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The experience may offer guidance for other pharmacy schools facing similar challenges during the pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases worldwide has increased, but the disease generally poses a low threat to children. However, the fear of contracting COVID-19 may lead to delayed access to pediatric emergency care. A report from The Children Hospital in Alessandria, Italy, documents a drop in emergency department admissions and four cases of severe pediatric conditions caused by diagnostic delays due to parents' reluctance to seek medical attention due to COVID

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases worldwide has increased, but the virus does not pose a significant threat to the pediatric population. However, the fear of contracting COVID-19 may lead to delayed access to pediatric emergency care. A report from The Children Hospital in Alessandria, Italy, documents a drop in emergency department admissions and four cases of severe pediatric patients with significant diagnostic delays due to parents' reluctance to seek medical

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has had a significant psychosocial impact beyond its infectious and fatal effects. Fear of the disease, or "coronaphobia," has led to anxiety, panic, hoarding, paranoia, depression, and PTSD. This is exacerbated by an "infodemic" of misinformation spread through social media. Racism, stigmatization, and

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has had a significant psychosocial impact beyond its infectious and fatal effects. This impact includes mass fear, economic burden, and psychiatric manifestations such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Quarantine measures and an "infodemic" spread via social media have contributed to these issues, as well as outbreaks of racism and stigmatization. Frontline healthcare workers are also at

An umbrella systematic review is being conducted to summarize the health outcomes of garden-based interventions for children under 6 years old. The review will search multiple databases for relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses, using a systematic approach with double screening and quality assessment. The review aims to analyze the results narratively and quantitatively, focusing on diverse child health outcomes and aligning with the PRISMA-P statement. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CR

The passage discusses the challenges countries face in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in relation to people with cardiometabolic diseases. The author highlights concerns about therapeutic uncertainties and potential adverse effects of treatments for these individuals.

The passage discusses the complex etiology of kidney injury in COVID-19 patients, which includes both direct damage from the virus and indirect effects from cell-mediated immunity, cytokine storm, and organ cross-talk. Autopsy and biopsy studies have found virions within kidney cells and evidence of podocyte and tubular cell anomalies. Dialysis patients, including children, are at high risk for contracting COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented economic challenges for the U.S. healthcare system. As the pandemic begins to recede, it's essential to safely resume elective procedures, including orthopedic surgery and total joint arthroplasty. Priorities include patient and staff safety, monitoring COVID-19 supply availability, reducing expenses through contract renegotiations, utilizing ambulatory surgery centers and hospital outpatient departments, adhering to evidence-based practices

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant economic challenges for the U.S. healthcare system. As the pandemic begins to recede, there is a need to safely resume elective procedures, including orthopedic surgery and total joint arthroplasty. This can be achieved by prioritizing patient and staff safety, monitoring supply availability, reducing expenses through contract renegotiations and the use of ambulatory surgery centers and hospital outpatient departments, adhering to evidence-based

A rapid review of studies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission by children identified limited evidence of direct transmission from infected children, with two reports of infants possibly contracting the virus from parents and two children potentially getting it from school cases. Indirect evidence suggested prolonged virus shedding in stools. Few studies reported COVID-19 outbreaks in schools, and data from population-based studies suggest children may be less likely to be infected. However, more seropre

A recent COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan city, China, poses public health challenges both in China and globally. The article summarizes that coronaviruses are a group of viruses causing illnesses in humans, with six known species associated with human diseases. Previous outbreaks and their countries of origin, along with the number of fatalities and case-fatality rates, are reported. Occupations at risk of contracting COVID-19, such as healthcare

A study was conducted in Orange County, California to examine the socioeconomic disparities associated with COVID-19 cases among minorities. The case-series included 210 COVID-19 patients from the University of California, Irvine between March 12 and April 22, 2020. Hispanic/Latinx patients living in low-income census tracts experienced exponential growth in COVID-19 cases during the study period.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 100,000 deaths in the United States and presents a significant opportunity for growth and development in the physical therapy profession. Physical therapists have a crucial role to play in managing COVID-19 patients, particularly in the intensive care unit where they can use their expertise in body positioning and mobilization to counteract the negative effects of recumbency and bedrest, improve gas exchange, and reduce complications. Additionally,

The COVID-19 transition may negatively impact children's psychological functioning, requiring support for post-transition adaptation. Few resources address this issue, making it crucial to provide strategies for children's adjustment during pre- and post-transition periods. Additionally, screening projects are necessary to identify children with heightened emotional and behavioral issues beyond the COVID-19 transition for targeted interventions.

The passage emphasizes the need to address the negative consequences of Covid-19 beyond just reducing infections and treating the ill. It highlights the importance of identifying interventions that improve multiple outcomes simultaneously, or "accelerators," particularly in resource-constrained settings. These accelerators will be crucial for vulnerable groups, such as young children, adolescents, and those with critical needs in multiple areas. The recovery process from the epidemic will be challenging due to limited financial resources,

The Choice and Partnership Approach (CAPA) is a transformational model for community mental health and addictions services for children and adolescents, aiming to match services to needs and improve timely access to care. A realist-informed scoping review will be conducted to understand the implementation and outcomes of CAPA, identify contextual factors influencing implementation, and present key themes in a narrative overview. The search strategy will cover multiple online databases, and all articles will

A patient with refractory Myasthenia Gravis, undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapies, contracted COVID-19 and recovered successfully after a 14-day quarantine without complications or changes to her treatment. Individualized care is essential for managing Myasthenia Gravis patients with COVID-19.

A patient with refractory Myasthenia Gravis, undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapies, contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic. After a 14-day quarantine, she recovered without complications or need for changes to her immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis patients with COVID-19 should be individualized.

A familial cluster of five COVID-19 cases was studied, three of whom had returned from Wuhan and infected two other family members who hadn't traveled. Symptoms ranged from severe pneumonia to no clinical or radiographic abnormalities. All cases had increasing C-reactive protein levels and ground-glass opacity changes in lungs for some. The study concludes that COVID-19 can be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers during the incubation period

A family cluster of five COVID-19 patients was studied, three of whom had returned from Wuhan and infected the other two family members who hadn't traveled. Symptoms ranged from severe pneumonia to no clinical or radiographic abnormalities. All cases had increasing C-reactive protein levels and ground-glass opacity changes in lungs for some. Conclusion: Asymptomatic carriers can transmit COVID-19 during the incubation period.

A meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in children found that most were exposed to the virus at home, with common symptoms including fever, cough, and sore throat. Asymptomatic cases accounted for 18%. Radiographic findings were varied, with patchy consolidations and ground glass opacities being common, but normal CT images observed in over a third of cases. Antiviral agents were given to most children, and

A meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in children aged 1 day-17.5 years was conducted. Most children (87%) had household exposure to the virus. Common symptoms were fever (53%), cough (39%), and sore throat/pharyngeal erythema (14%), while 18% were asymptomatic. Common radiographic findings were patchy consolidations (3

The passage discusses a study comparing the health benefits of continuing routine childhood immunizations in Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic to the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infections through vaccination clinic visits. The study used two scenarios to estimate the number of child deaths that could be prevented by routine immunizations and the excess number of SARS-CoV-2 infections that could result from vaccination visits. The findings suggest that for every one excess

A systematic review of 22 articles reporting imaging findings in 431 children with COVID-19 revealed that at diagnosis, 34.0% had normal CT scans. Abnormalities were mostly in the lower lobes, unilateral, and presented as ground-glass opacification (62.4%). Lymphadenopathy was not reported, and pleural effusions were rare. Improvement or normal findings were seen in the majority of

A retrospective study of 756 COVID-19 patients who underwent an electrocardiogram (ECG) at hospital admission found that the presence of atrial premature contractions, right bundle branch block or intraventricular block, ischemic T-wave inversion, and nonspecific repolarization were associated with increased odds of death. ST elevation was rare.

The COVID-19 crisis disproportionately affects people who use drugs due to criminalization, stigma, underlying health conditions, poverty, unemployment, and homelessness. This crisis presents an opportunity to reevaluate the function of punishment, reform the drug system, and end the war on drugs. Recommendations include working with people who use drugs to create a new reality based on solidarity, health protection, rights restoration, and dignity. UN agencies, governments, donors,

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the lockdown of approximately 4 billion people in China presented unique information challenges for individuals. Six Chinese families were studied using a resource orchestration perspective to investigate their information behaviors. Two practices, information resourcing activities and adaptation activities, and three mechanisms, online community resilience, overcoming information flow impediments, and absorptive capacity, were identified in the study.

A study estimates the number of children infected with COVID-19 in the United States by April 6, 2020, and projects the number of severely and critically ill children requiring hospitalization under different scenarios. By April 6, an estimated 176,190 children were infected, with 74 children admitted to PICUs. Under a moderate scenario, 3.7 million children could be infected, leading to 9,907 hospital

A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, spread globally from an outbreak in Wuhan, China. The virus ranges from mild upper respiratory infection to severe pneumonitis, ARDS, and death. Few cases have been reported in children and infants under 6 months, who generally have a more favorable clinical course. This review summarizes the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 epid

A renal transplant patient is at higher risk for contracting and experiencing severe outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to their immunosuppressed state. Real-time nucleic acid testing should be performed on deceased and living donors. The primary management strategy for COVID-19 in transplant patients includes modifying immunosuppression and experimental treatments.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in the UAE, a study was conducted using a web-based survey to assess anxiety levels among parents, teachers, and the general community, as well as identify emotional disorders in children. The survey collected data from 2,200 volunteers on demographics, knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19, anxiety levels using the GAD-7 scale, emotional problems in children using the SDQ, worry and fear about COVID-19, cop

A 50-year-old male liver transplant recipient and his wife contracted COVID-19, with the male patient developing severe pneumonia. The clinical course was representative of COVID-19 in transplant patients. His treatment included temporary immunosuppression withdrawal and low-dose corticosteroids, leading to recovery from severe pneumonia.

A 50-year-old male liver transplant recipient and his wife contracted COVID-19, with the male patient developing severe pneumonia. The clinical data on COVID-19 in transplant population is limited. The patient's recovery involved temporary immunosuppression withdrawal and low-dose corticosteroids.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 children with COVID-19 admitted to 46 North American PICUs between March 14 and April 3, 2020, with follow-up to April 10, 2020. The median age was 13 years, and 52% were male. Most children had preexisting comorbidities, and 73% presented with respiratory symptoms

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 children with COVID-19 admitted to 46 North American PICUs between March 14 and April 3, 2020, with follow-up to April 10, 2020. The median age was 13 years, and 83% had preexisting comorbidities. Respiratory symptoms were present in 73%, and 38

The report aims to clarify the best practices for vitamin D supplement use, particularly for older adults at risk of Covid-19. Three recent reports suggest that vitamin D may offer protection against Covid-19. Two reports align with guidelines recommending adequate vitamin D intake (10-20 µg daily) for older adults, while the third suggests high doses (20-50 µg daily) for all adults. The lack of mention about

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges to organ transplantation worldwide, including organ procurement, SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk, screening strategies, and resource capacity. The transplant community faces difficult decisions between initiating immunosuppression and accepting COVID-19 risks or postponing transplants and accepting waitlist mortality. Prioritization of COVID-19 care raises concerns about resource allocation for transplant patients. In the Netherlands,

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges to organ transplantation worldwide, including organ procurement, SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk, screening strategies, and resource allocation. The transplant community faces difficult decisions between initiating immunosuppression and accepting COVID-19 risks or postponing transplants and accepting waitlist mortality. The Dutch transplant community response includes a significant decrease in organ donation numbers and detrimental effect on transplant

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on children in India, disrupting various aspects of their lives including health, development, learning, and family economic security. The UN, WHO, UNICEF, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience are raising concerns about the potential long-term consequences and urging action to support children's mental health. The disruptions may lead to mental health issues

The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures are causing significant disruptions to children's lives in India, affecting their health, development, learning, behavior, and families' economic security. The UN, WHO, UNICEF, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience are raising concerns about the long-term consequences for children and urging action to minimize mental health issues through screening.