{"query":"How much impact do masks have on preventing the spread of the COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses a study using a transmission model to evaluate the impact of self-imposed prevention measures (handwashing, mask-wearing, and social distancing) and short-term government-imposed social distancing on reducing the peak number of COVID-19 diagnoses, attack rate, and delaying the peak. The findings suggest that self-imposed measures are effective in reducing the attack rate and delaying the peak for fast awareness spread, and can prevent a large","qid":44,"docid":"xfjexm5b","rank":1,"score":12.713800430297852},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using a compartmental model to assess the impact of face mask use by the general public on reducing the spread of COVID-19. The simulations suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective masks can significantly decrease community transmission, peak hospitalizations, and deaths. The effectiveness of masks is proportional to their ability to block infectious contacts and the coverage rate among the population. The study also finds that masks can synergize with other non-pharmaceutical","qid":44,"docid":"28utunid","rank":2,"score":11.653200149536133},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using a compartmental model to assess the impact of face mask use by the general public on reducing the spread of COVID-19. The simulations suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective masks can significantly decrease community transmission, peak hospitalizations, and deaths. The effectiveness of masks is proportional to their ability to block infectious contacts and the coverage rate among the population. The study also finds that masks can synergize with other non-pharmaceutical","qid":44,"docid":"qi1henyy","rank":3,"score":11.653199195861816},{"content":"This paper aims to analyze the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic using machine learning methods. The objectives include predicting the spread of COVID-19 across regions, analyzing growth rates and mitigation types, predicting the epidemic's end, analyzing transmission rates, and correlating COVID-19 and weather conditions. A novel Support Vector Regression method is proposed for these tasks, using supported vectors for better accuracy than simple regression lines. The approach is evaluated","qid":44,"docid":"qp77vl6h","rank":4,"score":11.350500106811523},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of computer simulations estimating the effect of masking the general population on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 using two web-based softwares. Masks were found to be effective in reducing new cases, even with simple home-made ones, and strict adherence is not critical. Early implementation of masks helps reduce the total number of cases, and it might be possible to eliminate an outbreak with widespread mask use during a limited period. However","qid":44,"docid":"ugkxxaeb","rank":5,"score":11.312800407409668},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread globally, resulting in over 4.6 million cases and 311,000 deaths as of April 2020. In the absence of vaccines or medications, non-pharmaceutical interventions like distancing, mask-wearing, isolation, and good hygiene are crucial to reduce the impact. A survey of 975 respond","qid":44,"docid":"4cmeglm3","rank":6,"score":10.799099922180176},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread globally, resulting in over 4.6 million cases and 311,000 deaths as of April 2020. In the absence of vaccines or medications, non-pharmaceutical interventions like distancing, mask-wearing, isolation, and good hygiene are crucial to reduce the impact. A survey of 975 respond","qid":44,"docid":"pklvvgd3","rank":7,"score":10.79909896850586},{"content":"A study in five Brazilian cities observed 12,588 people and found that only 45.1% wore masks correctly during daily activities, while 15.5% did not use masks at all. The remaining population used masks incorrectly, highlighting the importance of instructing and sensitizing people on proper mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study emphasizes the need to control the virus before allowing people back in the streets.","qid":44,"docid":"ej76fsxa","rank":8,"score":10.756099700927734},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenge of forecasting the global impact of COVID-19 based on the number of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries. Forecasting relies on historical data but is uncertain due to various factors such as data reliability, vested interests, and psychological factors. The paper proposes an objective approach to predicting the continuation of COVID-19 using historical patterns, assuming reliable data. The forecast suggests a continuing increase in confirmed cases with uncertainty. Underest","qid":44,"docid":"d8eqifvv","rank":9,"score":10.509400367736816},{"content":"The passage discusses two models, SEIR and agent-based modeling, which indicate that universal mask wearing has a significant impact on the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus when at least 80% of a population wears masks and when adopted early in a regional outbreak. The models also show minimal impact when less than 50% of the population wears masks or when universal masking is adopted late. The theoretical findings are supported by empirical data, which","qid":44,"docid":"m5udub60","rank":10,"score":10.48840045928955},{"content":"The medical societies of hygiene and pediatrics believe that children and adolescents play a minor role in the spread of Covid-19 due to their less frequent illness and milder symptoms. Schools and daycare centers should be reopened without excessive restrictions for children, focusing on consistency of group members and hygiene education. Teachers, educators, and caregivers should prioritize protective measures. Children over 10 and adolescents should follow distancing, mask","qid":44,"docid":"zwb1mn7c","rank":11,"score":10.458800315856934},{"content":"The CDC and Canadian public health officials reversed their earlier stance on mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, now recommending non-medical masks in public settings where social distancing is difficult. The primary motivation for mask usage is to protect others from potential infection, rather than for the wearer's own protection.","qid":44,"docid":"pynqwj5t","rank":12,"score":10.372599601745605},{"content":"A content analysis of mask guidelines from 25 countries and regions with large COVID-19 cases was conducted to assess inconsistencies. Guidance ranged from recommending masks in public to against their use. Nine countries suggested surgical, medical, or unspecified masks, while 16 advised against public use. Two countries explicitly opposed fabric masks. Twelve failed to meet minimum WHO mask guidelines. Online mask guidelines for the public are inconsistent and frequently changing during the","qid":44,"docid":"d53qyrew","rank":13,"score":10.370400428771973},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted medical education, with changes such as the shift to online classes and the cancellation of clerkships and conference presentations potentially having drastic career implications for students. These experiences, once crucial for skill acquisition and relationship building, are now lost, and students must adapt to new ways of demonstrating their knowledge and dedication to medicine. While technology can help resolve some issues, the long-term impact of these changes on medical education is uncertain. Students and","qid":44,"docid":"i6khpntc","rank":14,"score":10.33329963684082},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of ophthalmologists understanding and taking preventative measures against the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) epidemic. The disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spread rapidly in China and other countries, leading to a large number of healthcare workers being infected. Ophthalmologists, who may come into contact with patients during consultations or emergency treatments, are at risk of exposure. To protect","qid":44,"docid":"gbvyuem5","rank":15,"score":10.2475004196167},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of ophthalmologists understanding and taking preventative measures against COVID-19 due to their potential exposure to high-risk environments. The disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spread rapidly in China and other countries, leading to a large number of healthcare workers being infected. Ophthalmologists, while not directly treating COVID-19 patients, can still be exposed during consultations or emergency treatments. To protect","qid":44,"docid":"q76jxc3p","rank":16,"score":10.247499465942383},{"content":"The new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has attracted global attention and is spreading rapidly in China and other countries. Healthcare workers, including ophthalmologists, are at risk of infection due to their close contact with patients. Ophthalmologists should take strict precautions such as wearing efficient masks, performing hand hygiene, wearing sterile gloves, wearing gowns, cleaning and disinfect","qid":44,"docid":"aezp1isw","rank":17,"score":10.207799911499023},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of individual distancing efforts and public policies on the spread of COVID-19 using an SLIAR model that includes asymptomatic transmission and utility maximization. Individuals balance economic and wellbeing costs from physical distancing with infection risk. In a Nash equilibrium, uncoordinated individual efforts result in average contact intensity and epidemic transmission. Equilibrium effort varies from constant, stochastic, or proportional contacts reduction and adjusts to reported cases. Without a","qid":44,"docid":"mqj5dzk9","rank":18,"score":10.198200225830078},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing is the primary protective measure against the virus, yet there is a significant gap between theory and practice. A lack of social distancing data and understanding of people's behavior during a pandemic has made it difficult to identify dangers and find solutions. To address this, researchers collected social distancing data using a sensor-based belt in Italy for two months during the outbreak. Their findings revealed that without masks, people adopt a dangerous counter-intu","qid":44,"docid":"vnc1iay1","rank":19,"score":10.156000137329102},{"content":"The COVID-ABS model is a new agent-based SEIR model proposed to simulate the COVID-19 pandemic's dynamics using agents representing people, businesses, and government. Seven social distancing intervention scenarios were analyzed, including do nothing, lockdown, conditional lockdown, vertical isolation, partial isolation, use of face masks, and use of face masks with partial isolation. The most effective scenarios, such as lockdown, may not be feasible for implementation due to social cooperation","qid":44,"docid":"cenc2u15","rank":20,"score":10.144000053405762},{"content":"Taiwan reported 39 COVID-19 cases and one death by the end of February 2020. Most infections were caused by close contact. Hospitals implemented patient route control, outdoor clinics, visit restrictions, and ward and staff modifications. Public use of face masks was also noted as a potential strategy to reduce spread. Taiwan's lower infection rate may provide insights for disease prevention and control.","qid":44,"docid":"9o0sjnml","rank":21,"score":10.082799911499023},{"content":"A study using a next-generation matrix approach estimates that masks, even with suboptimal efficacy, can significantly decrease COVID-19's reproduction number if widely used. Widespread masking can suppress epidemics where R is close to 1, but assortative mixing (interactions between masked individuals being more likely) can reduce mask effectiveness, requiring near-universal mask uptake.","qid":44,"docid":"dt2pew66","rank":22,"score":10.072099685668945},{"content":"During the COVID-19 crisis, the prevention of virus spread through the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) has become essential due to the aerosol transmission of the virus. PPE includes masks, respirators, gloves, and gowns or body covers. The WHO and CDC recommend strategies to optimize PPE use and ration supplies, such as modifying donning and doffing procedures to increase re-use. These strategies include extending the use","qid":44,"docid":"7el8o6qq","rank":23,"score":10.071200370788574},{"content":"A pandemic awareness game, SurviveCovid-19, is proposed to educate individuals about safety precautions for Covid-19, such as social distancing, mask usage, and sanitization. The game, designed as a 2D survival-based Android mobile app, has been evaluated positively through a user survey with 20 volunteers. The survey results indicate a mean value greater than 3.6 for all questions. The game aims to reach younger","qid":44,"docid":"d6w8fu3b","rank":24,"score":10.069499969482422},{"content":"People with epilepsy are not at higher risk for COVID-19 infection or severe manifestations. Wearing a face mask may simulate hyperventilation for some, but it's an effective prevention measure against the virus. PWE should not avoid wearing masks entirely, but can do so most of the time without close contact with others. Wearing masks in crowded locations is more advantageous. Concrete evidence is lacking regarding mask safety for PWE during a respiratory infectious disease","qid":44,"docid":"lq7bh1sl","rank":25,"score":10.05090045928955},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic primarily spreads through saliva or nasal discharge. Scientists are exploring ways to protect the public before a vaccine is available, including the production of more masks to prevent aerosol transmission of microbes. A proposed solution is to develop three-layered nanofiber masks infused with compounds from medicinal plants for viral deactivation, benefiting both healthcare workers and common citizens. These masks can help control diseases in the absence of vaccination","qid":44,"docid":"qi8x5yaq","rank":26,"score":9.931099891662598},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic primarily spreads through saliva or nasal discharge. Scientists are working on providing protection to the public before a vaccine is available, focusing on increasing mask production and developing efficient viral inactivation systems using compounds from medicinal plants in nanofiber-based masks. These three-layered masks will have fibrous filtration for viral deactivation, benefiting both healthcare workers and common citizens in controlling airborne transmission of the virus.","qid":44,"docid":"tfrawa9z","rank":27,"score":9.931098937988281},{"content":"This study examines the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of face masks in reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Uganda. While evidence for community protection is limited, widespread use of masks by health workers suggests potential benefits. The study uses an SEIAQRD model to determine the percentage of the population that needs to wear masks to keep the basic reproduction number below unity or flatten the curve. Results indicate that implementing face masks has a significant impact on the size","qid":44,"docid":"zwyueevh","rank":28,"score":9.891900062561035},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of population-wide mask-wearing on the spread of Covid-19, particularly in reducing the number of critically-ill patients and cumulative mortality. The study uses a simplified SIR model to investigate the effects of mask use with 8 or 16% efficacy. The benefits on critical-care and mortality rates are minor when transmissibility is high but dramatic as the effective R approaches 1, after aggressive social-","qid":44,"docid":"uc37poce","rank":29,"score":9.851799964904785},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally and is hypothesized to originate from Rhinolophus bats. No clinically proven vaccine exists, so doctors are using proven techniques to treat similar coronaviruses. Prevention measures include isolating infected patients, hand washing, and face masks. Nationwide lockdowns are being implemented to prevent community transmission, with economic, social, and psychological consequences","qid":44,"docid":"6bzfptbs","rank":30,"score":9.789899826049805},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential unintended consequences of mask mandates. While masks are seen as a low-cost solution to prevent transmission, there have been concerns about the opportunity cost of using medical masks, leading to recommendations for cloth masks and other coverings. However, relying too heavily on masks and neglecting other effective measures, such as staying home, could result in increased transmission. The passage uses data from SafeGraph to","qid":44,"docid":"1c3fpazy","rank":31,"score":9.770099639892578},{"content":"The article by Professor Cook discusses the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is ongoing debate about the airborne spread of SARS-CoV-2. Small droplets (less than 5 microns) can remain suspended in the air and potentially be inhaled into the lungs, making tight-fitting filtering masks necessary for protection. Larger particles (more than 5 microns) do not remain suspended","qid":44,"docid":"ve34oyz0","rank":32,"score":9.721500396728516},{"content":"A mathematical model presented in this paper estimates the percentage of infectious COVID-19 individuals that need to be detected and traced daily to prevent new infection surges after reopening. The model, derived from the SEIR model, includes testing and tracing effects. The equation {rho}>(R0S\/N-1)\/(D(1+{eta}R0)) determines the required percentage of infectious individuals to be detected ({rho}), with R0 being the basic reprodu","qid":44,"docid":"b2yalnrx","rank":33,"score":9.678299903869629},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using Regulatory Focus Theory to examine the effect of messaging on mask wearing during the COVID-19 crisis. The study found no evidence that prevention messages influenced attitudes towards mask wearing, but promotion messages decreased conservative support for mask wearing, contrary to predictions. The findings suggest that ideological differences in response to messaging about mask wearing are not significant based on the focus of the message.","qid":44,"docid":"k5nfy43y","rank":34,"score":9.644800186157227},{"content":"The passage discusses how misinformation about COVID-19, which exacerbated its spread and hindered response efforts, was prevalent in the U.S. during the early stages of the pandemic. (Source: Abutaleb et al., 2020)","qid":44,"docid":"2r0a357c","rank":35,"score":9.634699821472168},{"content":"The passage discusses the history of pandemics causing massive loss of lives and their prevention through vaccinations and drugs. Currently, physical barriers are used against respiratory infections like COVID-19 due to the absence of effective vaccines or drugs. Eye protection with goggles is problematic due to fogging, and nose\/mouth protection with non-valved respirators causes breathing difficulties. The passage reviews the origins and development of face masks and eye protection, concluding that","qid":44,"docid":"9k2de2sd","rank":36,"score":9.62660026550293},{"content":"The passage discusses the history of pandemics causing massive loss of lives and their prevention through vaccinations and drugs. Currently, physical barriers are used against respiratory infections like COVID-19 due to the absence of effective vaccines or drugs. Eye protection with goggles is problematic due to fogging, and nose\/mouth protection with non-valved respirators causes breathing difficulties. The passage reviews the origins and development of face masks and eye protection, concluding that","qid":44,"docid":"ah29pm89","rank":37,"score":9.626599311828613},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of an epidemiological model used to inform policy making in France regarding exit strategies from the COVID-19 lockdown. The model, which is a stochastic agent-based microsimulation, examines the impact of post-quarantine measures such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and shielding of vulnerable populations on the disease's cumulative incidence, mortality, and ICU-bed occupancy. The model shows","qid":44,"docid":"smndijko","rank":38,"score":9.551300048828125},{"content":"The passage discusses the assessment of Algeria's preventive strategy against COVID-19 using the indicator R0 (basic reproduction number). The study compared R0 before and after the implementation of social distancing, movement restriction, quarantine, and lockdown measures in Blida region and the whole country. The decrease in R0 was statistically significant, p value < 10-4, indicating the effectiveness of the preventive strategy. The study estimated that 15","qid":44,"docid":"dgha14wo","rank":39,"score":9.483499526977539},{"content":"This passage summarizes expert consensus recommendations for preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients with COVID-19. High-risk treatments include intubation, manual ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, suction, and patient transportation. Recommendations include standard prevention measures, using masks during high-flow nasal cannulas, using filters on ventilators and resuscitators, and avoiding certain types of masks","qid":44,"docid":"d5yc1rzs","rank":40,"score":9.454500198364258},{"content":"This passage summarizes expert consensus recommendations for reducing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 during respiratory care for critically ill patients. High-risk treatments include intubation, manual ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, suction, and patient transportation. Recommendations include standard prevention measures, patient mask use during high-flow nasal cannulas, use of filters on ventilators and masks, patient mask use during bronchoscopy","qid":44,"docid":"gdr1dhbd","rank":41,"score":9.454499244689941},{"content":"This passage summarizes expert consensus recommendations for reducing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 during respiratory care for critically ill patients. High-risk treatments include intubation, manual ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, suction, and patient transportation. Recommendations include standard prevention measures, patient mask use during high-flow nasal cannulas, use of filters on ventilators and masks, patient mask use during bronchoscopy","qid":44,"docid":"ls3cqvz3","rank":42,"score":9.454498291015625},{"content":"The passage discusses the debate over wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. While health officials in Europe and North America advise against mask use for those without symptoms due to limited supplies for healthcare personnel, some experts and countries in Asia encourage universal mask use in public to prevent the spread of the virus. The Czech Republic recently made masks mandatory in public spaces.","qid":44,"docid":"ydazitgp","rank":43,"score":9.415499687194824},{"content":"A study using a SIR model with a breakpoint to evaluate the pattern of COVID-19 spread in South Korea found that the proposed model with a breakpoint fit the actual infection cases better than the classic model. The estimated breakpoint was March 7, 2020, and the transmission rate dropped by 0.23 after this date. Without the policy interventions, the number of infected could have reached 2.5 million. The study concludes that considering a","qid":44,"docid":"4ouz10kb","rank":44,"score":9.39780044555664},{"content":"The study analyzes the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in China, South Korea, Italy, and Spain using GAM to generate epidemiological curves and simulate infection curves with reported incubation periods. The results suggest that public health measurements, including mask wearing, can be reflected sensitively in infection curves. In China, mask wearing by the public before the Wuhan lockdown and first-level response in Guangdong and Shanghai significantly flattened the infection curve","qid":44,"docid":"fsis95hd","rank":45,"score":9.33650016784668},{"content":"The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced new policies to expand coronavirus testing by allowing certified high-complexity laboratories to develop and use their own diagnostic kits, addressing criticism for insufficient testing capacity. This change could significantly increase the number of laboratories able to conduct tests, including hospitals like Brigham and Women's in Boston. The shift focuses on laboratories certified under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments.","qid":44,"docid":"jsbdmnx5","rank":46,"score":9.332099914550781},{"content":"The passage discusses the evaluation of the protective effects of vaccines, focusing on the ability of vaccines to prevent or lessen disease symptoms. Traditional vaccine studies have primarily assessed clinical disease as the outcome. However, when infection is the primary outcome, detecting asymptomatic infections requires active follow-up testing. The passage then discusses estimation and inference for direct protective effects of vaccination, VE(S) and VE(SP), in studies that do not condition","qid":44,"docid":"zznjqdx2","rank":47,"score":9.330900192260742},{"content":"Super spreaders are individuals who contribute disproportionately to the spread of an epidemic, including COVID-19. Limited information is available about them in scientific literature. Identifying super spreaders early is crucial for epidemic containment, but they often get stigmatized, leading to late reporting and hiding of cases. Program managers should be sensitive when sharing related information to avoid further stigmatization.","qid":44,"docid":"na3vrf5q","rank":48,"score":9.302800178527832},{"content":"Super spreaders are individuals who contribute disproportionately to the spread of an epidemic, including COVID-19. Limited information is available about them in scientific literature. Identifying super spreaders early is crucial for epidemic containment, but they often get stigmatized, leading to late reporting and hiding of cases. Program managers should be sensitive when sharing related information to avoid further stigmatization.","qid":44,"docid":"p48bw6s4","rank":49,"score":9.302799224853516},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant public health challenge globally, with dentists, particularly those in pediatric dentistry, at increased risk of exposure due to asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic children who may unknowingly spread the virus. Until universal guidelines are available, routine dental procedures should be postponed, and only severe dental emergencies should be treated. Dentists must adopt recommended management protocols to protect patient health, safeguard themselves","qid":44,"docid":"w524alg0","rank":50,"score":9.30150032043457},{"content":"The passage discusses the intersection of the Covid-19 pandemic and the increase in domestic violence (DV) as two public health emergencies. The author argues that government responses to the pandemic disproportionately affect marginalized groups, including women and girls, leading to an increase in DV cases worldwide, including in India. While high-resource countries have prioritized addressing DV during the pandemic, low-resource settings like India face additional challenges but should not neglect responding","qid":44,"docid":"1h5a4bit","rank":51,"score":9.249500274658203},{"content":"The passage discusses the intersection of the Covid-19 pandemic and the increase in domestic violence (DV) as two public health emergencies. The author argues that government responses to the pandemic disproportionately affect marginalized groups, including women and girls, leading to an increase in DV cases worldwide, including in India. While high-resource countries have prioritized addressing DV during the pandemic, low-resource settings like India face additional challenges but should not neglect responding","qid":44,"docid":"clt4l6wz","rank":52,"score":9.249499320983887},{"content":"The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended wearing cloth face coverings in public places due to the rapid growth of COVID-19 cases and evidence that the virus, SARS-CoV-2, can be spread before symptoms appear. This is a shift from their previous position on mask usage. Experts on social media have also urged the general public to wear non-medical, cloth masks to help reduce the transmission of the virus.","qid":44,"docid":"zfea3qg7","rank":53,"score":9.241600036621094},{"content":"The IoT is an emerging field in infectious disease epidemiology due to the globalization and interconnectedness of the world, increasing the risks of disease spread. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, IoT-based smart disease surveillance systems have the potential to limit its spread through data collection and analysis using existing infrastructure like smartphones and wearable technologies. Further research is needed to develop automated and effective alert systems for early and timely detection of outbreaks to reduce morbidity and","qid":44,"docid":"e1ih1fkx","rank":54,"score":9.228500366210938},{"content":"The IoT is an emerging field in infectious disease epidemiology due to the globalization and interconnectedness of the world, increasing the risks of disease spread. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, IoT-based smart disease surveillance systems have the potential to limit its spread through data collection and analysis using existing technologies like smartphones and wearables. Further research is needed to develop automated and effective alert systems for early and timely detection of outbreaks to reduce morbidity and mort","qid":44,"docid":"oj32vpqn","rank":55,"score":9.228499412536621},{"content":"The passage discusses the evidence for preventing seasonal influenza transmission in hospitals through various methods, including vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs), patients, and visitors; screening for influenza; hand-washing and mask-wearing; and cleaning hospital rooms and equipment. The study found that vaccination reduces influenza episodes among vaccinated HCWs compared to unvaccinated ones. However, there is no evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the","qid":44,"docid":"480bzpi1","rank":56,"score":9.181400299072266},{"content":"This study investigates the social perception of COVID-19 in Poland through quantitative analysis of digital footprints on Google, Twitter, YouTube, Wikipedia, and electronic media from January 2020 to April 29, 2020. Seven major clusters of interest were identified: Chinese, Italian, Waiting, Mitigations, Social distancing and Lockdown, Anti-crisis shield, and Restrictions releasing. An exponential increase in interest occurred after","qid":44,"docid":"p22qn6cl","rank":57,"score":9.17959976196289},{"content":"The passage discusses the objectives of determining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through aerosols, providing evidence on mask usage, and protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19. The conclusion is that SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted via droplets but can spread further with strong directional airflow. High rates of COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers have been reported. While FFP2 masks are designed to protect healthcare workers,","qid":44,"docid":"9uxfxry4","rank":58,"score":9.16100025177002},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a need for various facial protection measures to prevent viral spread. This narrative review discusses different types of facial protection, including masks for the public and healthcare workers (HCW), and alternatives like face shields and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR). Masks' anatomy, disinfection, and reusability are explored, as well as the impact on HCW skin health from prolonged use. Count","qid":44,"docid":"6n5gnow1","rank":59,"score":9.160400390625},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of facial protection measures to prevent viral spread. This narrative review discusses various facial protection options, including masks for the public and healthcare workers (HCW), and alternatives like face shields and powered air purifying respirators (PAPR). The review covers mask anatomy, disinfection and reusability, and skin health impact. Proper use of facial protection has minimized COVID-19 spread in countries with mask","qid":44,"docid":"kqlra788","rank":60,"score":9.160399436950684},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a need for various facial protection measures to prevent viral spread. This narrative review discusses different types of facial protection, including masks for the public and healthcare workers (HCW), and alternatives like face shields and powered air purifying respirators (PAPR). Masks' anatomy, disinfection, and reusability are explored, as well as the impact on HCW skin health from prolonged use. Strict","qid":44,"docid":"uep2tfnu","rank":61,"score":9.160398483276367},{"content":"A three-layer DIY face mask is proposed using hydrophobic polypropylene nonwoven layers and a hydrophilic cellulosic cloth. The first hydrophobic layer allows high-momentum droplets to pass through and get absorbed in the hydrophilic layer, keeping the skin dry. The third hydrophobic layer prevents liquid penetration and blocks airborne droplets. Tests show these masks perform better than surgical masks in arresting","qid":44,"docid":"fpps1ux6","rank":62,"score":9.144499778747559},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a global public health crisis, leading to an increase in mask usage, including disposable surgical masks and fabric masks. The World Health Organization initially advised against mask use but now recommends their routine use by the public to prevent the spread of the virus.","qid":44,"docid":"f9syysdw","rank":63,"score":9.123299598693848},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global public health crisis, resulting in widespread use of disposable surgical masks and fabric masks to prevent the spread of the virus. The World Health Organization initially advised against mask use but now recommends their routine use by the general public (WHO 2020a).","qid":44,"docid":"sjenehbl","rank":64,"score":9.123298645019531},{"content":"A medical student reflects on the disruption caused by COVID-19 to their education, including the cancellation of Match Day and uncertainty about electives, mandatory rotations, and Sub-Internships. Despite these challenges, students are determined to turn the situation into a learning experience and find ways to adapt and contribute, such as exploring new methods in medical education.","qid":44,"docid":"xb50599v","rank":65,"score":9.113499641418457},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in anxiety levels among tinnitus patients, as indicated by higher Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores. However, there was no significant difference in tinnitus severity, as measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire and minimum masking level (MML), between patients assessed during the pandemic and those assessed in the same period","qid":44,"docid":"k5r39gpe","rank":66,"score":9.098099708557129},{"content":"A new mathematical model was developed to assess the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social-distancing, contact-tracing, quarantine, isolation, and face-masks, on controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The model shows that if the reproduction number (Rc) is less than unity, disease-free equilibrium is stable and the community can effectively control or eliminate COVID-19. Simulations using data from New York and the US show","qid":44,"docid":"yp8x5zwi","rank":67,"score":9.067000389099121},{"content":"The Passage describes a study conducted at King Hamad University Hospital to determine if using a repurposed silicone-based dressing under an N95 mask could prevent facial skin injuries without compromising the mask's seal. The hospital's Pressure Injury Prevention Committee developed a process to test the effectiveness of this method, which involved cutting the dressing into strips and applying it to the faces of 10 volunteer staff members during aerosol-generating procedures.","qid":44,"docid":"dozkil5p","rank":68,"score":8.98330020904541},{"content":"The Passage describes a study conducted at King Hamad University Hospital to determine if using a repurposed silicone-based dressing under an N95 mask could prevent facial skin injuries without compromising the mask's seal. The hospital's Pressure Injury Prevention Committee developed a process to test the effectiveness of this method, which involved cutting the dressing into strips and applying it to the faces of 10 volunteer staff members during aerosol-generating procedures.","qid":44,"docid":"l68ewxar","rank":69,"score":8.983299255371094},{"content":"A network model is presented to analyze the spread of Covid-19 with social distancing. Nodes represent individuals and edges denote various types of interactions. Four states for individuals: susceptible, infected, immune, dead. Simulations run with different mitigation scenarios like lockdowns, validated against real data. Predictions made on second wave probability and intensity under various lifting of lockdown conditions.","qid":44,"docid":"yat5g2i9","rank":70,"score":8.976699829101562},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that explored the potential relationship between the use of face masks in public and the spread of SARS CoV2. Eight countries with high face mask usage were identified, and a linear regression analysis was conducted at the country level. The results indicated a negative association between face mask use and the number of COVID19 cases per inhabitant, while testing intensity was positively associated with COVID19 cases. The study provides ecological level support to individual studies suggesting that","qid":44,"docid":"5wsj003j","rank":71,"score":8.972399711608887},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals prioritized treating infected patients and postponed non-urgent procedures, including elective surgeries and diagnostic interventions. Urgent surgical cases and oncological surgeries were performed. Cancer patients, who are immunosuppressed due to their disease and treatment, are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and have worse outcomes if infected. This study analyzed the treatment processes of cancer patients undergoing surgical on","qid":44,"docid":"0a371595","rank":72,"score":8.964500427246094},{"content":"A computational model simulating the spread of COVID-19 in the U.S. was developed in 2020. Results showed that when vaccine efficacy exceeded 70% and coverage exceeded 60%, with vaccination occurring on day 1, the attack rate dropped significantly and daily cases did not exceed certain thresholds. A vaccine with an efficacy between 40% and 70% could still prevent the need for other measures","qid":44,"docid":"tstx42h7","rank":73,"score":8.963500022888184},{"content":"A study conducted by Italian website \"Skuola.net\" in February 2020 surveyed young Italians about their knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 (Sars-CoV-2). Of the 5234 responses received, most participants showed moderate knowledge about the disease. Groups with lower knowledge included male students, middle school students, and those not attending school. Prejudices towards the Chinese population had worsened for less than half of responders","qid":44,"docid":"tfums7or","rank":74,"score":8.943599700927734},{"content":"A study conducted in February 2020 by Italian website \"Skuola.net\" investigated the knowledge and attitudes of young Italians towards COVID-19 and Sars-CoV-2. The survey received 5234 responses, with most participants showing moderate knowledge about the disease. Groups that need more awareness include male students, middle school students, and those not attending school. Fewer than half of responders reported worsened attitudes towards the Chinese population","qid":44,"docid":"ybvhhwkq","rank":75,"score":8.943598747253418},{"content":"A surgeon facing a high risk of morbidity and mortality from Covid-19 infection grapples with the decision to continue caring for Covid-19 patients or opt out. The author describes the challenges of making this decision, considering duties to care, obligations to society, family, co-workers, and self. Ultimately, the author decides to opt out but acknowledges the difficulty and potential discomfort of this choice. Health care workers at high risk can still contribute to patient and","qid":44,"docid":"idhr2upe","rank":76,"score":8.927800178527832},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of studying the impact of lifting non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19, as responses to NPIs can vary between regions and affect epidemic outcomes. The authors propose using mobility data from mobile phones to measure the impact on the basic reproductive number and model the epidemic in all US states to compare the difference in outcome if NPIs are lifted or retained. They find that keeping NPIs","qid":44,"docid":"7ogc51kf","rank":77,"score":8.9173002243042},{"content":"A study constructs a simple model to demonstrate the relative risk of aerosol infection from normal breathing in different settings and the benefit of wearing masks. Social distancing at 2 meters is effective but not time-limited in confined areas. The use of masks, especially in confined spaces without excellent ventilation, is crucial when social distancing is not possible or an infectious person is present for an extended period. The widespread use of masks, particularly more efficient ones, could significantly impact infection","qid":44,"docid":"sqr11fpv","rank":78,"score":8.907500267028809},{"content":"This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 testing on case fatality rates by comparing testing strategies in different countries. Using data from French inpatients and a novel methodology that exploits policy discontinuities at region borders, the study finds that a one percentage point increase in the test rate is associated with a 0.001 percentage point decrease in the death rate, suggesting that each additional 1000 tests could save a life. The study concludes that","qid":44,"docid":"0l4pec0z","rank":79,"score":8.89799976348877},{"content":"Saudi Arabia has implemented strict measures to prevent or mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic based on lessons learned from the MERS-CoV epidemic in 2012. The country has taken unprecedented precautions to prevent the virus from entering or to lessen its impact, including improvements in research and development and unprecedented rapid precautionary measures by the government. Nearly four months into the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been over ","qid":44,"docid":"tl3l0crr","rank":80,"score":8.868499755859375},{"content":"Saudi Arabia has implemented strict measures to prevent or mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing on lessons learned from the MERS-CoV epidemic since 2012. The country has taken unprecedented precautions to keep the virus out or minimize its spread, and has seen improvements in research and development in response to the current crisis. With over 2.3 million confirmed cases and 160,000 deaths globally, Saudi Arabia","qid":44,"docid":"zntwsah4","rank":81,"score":8.868498802185059},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of community responsibility in managing viral spread. While many people are following isolation and social distancing guidelines, some fail to recognize their role in protecting others. This article discusses the origins of community responsibility in community contexts, how crises affect it, and the role of public administration in facilitating mitigation and solutions. The Community Experience Model is also examined for its usefulness in crisis management. The article lays the groundwork for further research on","qid":44,"docid":"nimh39bx","rank":82,"score":8.868497848510742},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant economic and social losses worldwide, leading to a trade-off between epidemic prevention and economic activity. Governments must minimize these losses, but economic compensation through public debt is met with resistance. Paul Samuelson argues that the burden primarily falls on the present generation. The pandemic's economic impact is unequal and raises questions about equitable distribution.","qid":44,"docid":"jyg9y4g2","rank":83,"score":8.867899894714355},{"content":"A surgeon at high risk for Covid-19 infection grapples with the decision to continue caring for patients or opt out due to personal safety concerns. The author explores the ethical dilemma, considering duties to care, societal obligations, and personal well-being. Ultimately, the surgeon decides to opt out but acknowledges the difficulty and potential discomfort of the choice.","qid":44,"docid":"o01w28gb","rank":84,"score":8.856499671936035},{"content":"This study examines the effect of policies, mask usage, and social distancing behavior on the spread of Covid-19 in the US. The findings suggest that policies and transmission risk information significantly influence case and death growth rates. Mandating masks could have saved up to 55,000 lives, while removing non-essential business closures could have led to a significant increase in cases and deaths. Without any policies, the US could have seen a substantial increase in cases and deaths","qid":44,"docid":"2zkesall","rank":85,"score":8.854399681091309},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus with a high fatality rate, led dental regulatory authorities like the American Dental Association to halt non-emergency dental treatments to protect healthcare personnel and preserve PPE. Dentists should follow cross-infection control protocols and prioritize emergency cases while staying updated on the pandemic's impact on their profession. This overview covers prevention, treatment, and orofacial clinical manifestations related","qid":44,"docid":"lt67jwyv","rank":86,"score":8.83180046081543},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of a simulation study on the impact of face mask usage during influenza epidemics. The evidence from past epidemics suggests that face masks can help minimize the spread of airborne viruses, but few studies have quantified their population-level impact, especially in relation to age and gender. The study used an agent-based simulation to model the use of face masks and their impact on the spread of influenza. The results showed that face masks alone have limited","qid":44,"docid":"14x4uqq7","rank":87,"score":8.819600105285645},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the spread pattern of COVID-19 in South Korea and the potential impact of policy interventions using the SIR model with a breakpoint for a change in transmission rate. The results showed that the proposed model with a breakpoint fit the actual infection case series better than the classic model, with the estimated breakpoint on March 7th and a transmission rate drop of 0.23 after the breakpoint. A counterfactual study indicated that without these interventions","qid":44,"docid":"lb0on0hi","rank":88,"score":8.813300132751465},{"content":"The spread of COVID-19 in the UK before lockdown was exponential with an exponent of 0.207, better described by a mobility-driven SIR-SEIR model. The lockdown significantly slowed down the spread and changed the growth pattern from exponential to quadratic due to the transition to a spatial epidemic with isolated clusters of infected population. To prevent a second wave and exponential growth, mobility restrictions should not be lifted prematurely and new measures like masks","qid":44,"docid":"1oth8r7g","rank":89,"score":8.802599906921387},{"content":"The second stage of labor, which can last up to 4 hours, puts labor and delivery personnel at risk of COVID-19 transmission due to close contact with patients who exhale aerosols through coughing, shouting, and vomiting. The CDC and ACOG do not provide clear guidelines on using N95 respirators during this stage, but it is recommended for the highest level of protection. Healthcare workers should be granted full PPE, including N95 masks","qid":44,"docid":"i19v85o9","rank":90,"score":8.770000457763672},{"content":"The second stage of labor, which can last up to 4 hours, puts labor and delivery personnel at risk of COVID-19 transmission due to close contact with patients who exhale aerosols through coughing, shouting, and vomiting. The CDC and ACOG do not provide clear guidelines on using N95 respirators during this stage, but it is recommended for adequate protection to prevent the spread of COVID-19 to other healthcare workers and patients.","qid":44,"docid":"mplf3dz5","rank":91,"score":8.769999504089355},{"content":"This systematic review summarizes the evidence on the use of face masks by the general population to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The review identified 14 eligible articles, all of which reported the effectiveness of face masks in preventing the spread of influenza, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2 in community or experimental settings. Early initiation of mask usage and masks' effectiveness against viruses that transmit easily from","qid":44,"docid":"f7rcijh4","rank":92,"score":8.744199752807617},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a proliferation of rumors, hoaxes, and misinformation about the disease on social media. This misinformation can lead to harmful practices and hinder effective prevention efforts, resulting in negative physical and mental health outcomes. Healthcare providers need access to accurate information to combat this issue. Partnerships between mass media, healthcare organizations, community-based organizations, and other stakeholders should be formed to disseminate authentic public health messages. Advanced","qid":44,"docid":"n8jobjm0","rank":93,"score":8.731599807739258},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread worldwide since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Mortality rates vary between countries, possibly due to differences in healthcare responses. No proven effective therapies exist for COVID-19, and drugs currently being tested lack sufficient clinical trial data. A global effort is underway to develop a vaccine, but it will take at least a year","qid":44,"docid":"svo94kuo","rank":94,"score":8.72439956665039},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, was declared a global health emergency in March 2020 with over 2 million infected and 140,000 deaths in 210 countries. Ophthalmic practices carry unique infection risks, necessitating heightened precautions based on experiences from previous outbreaks. Key areas of focus include disease transmission, personal protection, and mask selection. Successfully preventing COVID","qid":44,"docid":"zxl84e2m","rank":95,"score":8.723699569702148},{"content":"A study in Taiwan examined face mask usage and contact transmission of coronavirus among adolescents. Classrooms implemented temperature checks, ventilation, mask usage, and disinfection. A survey of 160 adults revealed 81% used surgical masks multiple times a day, often taking them off in safe areas and reusing them. In an experiment, ten adults wearing masks spread an average of 530 cm2 of contamination during word processing tasks. Touching the mask","qid":44,"docid":"clidl6v1","rank":96,"score":8.722100257873535},{"content":"The passage discusses the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Jingmen, Hubei, China, including demographics, exposure to Wuhan, severity of cases, and impact of prevention measures. Of the 219 cases, 40% had exposure to Wuhan, with a median age of 48 years and 40% being men. Thirty-three severe cases, mostly men with chronic diseases, were treated in ICUs.","qid":44,"docid":"ei0lagpp","rank":97,"score":8.691100120544434},{"content":"The passage discusses the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Jingmen, Hubei, China, where the outbreak was successfully controlled. Of the 219 diagnosed cases between January 12 and February 29, 2020, 40% had exposure to Wuhan. The median age was 48 years, and 40% were men. Thirty-three severe cases, mostly men with chronic diseases, were treated in","qid":44,"docid":"kbxlo7pu","rank":98,"score":8.691099166870117},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), resulting in the prolonged use of existing equipment and the use of improvised face coverings from common fabrics. A study examined the effectiveness of silk, cotton, and polyester fabrics as protective barriers and face coverings. Silk was found to be the most effective due to its greater hydrophobicity, which impedes the penetration and absorption of droplets. Silk face","qid":44,"docid":"akffx93g","rank":99,"score":8.688899993896484},{"content":"A study analyzed 1225 pieces of COVID-19 fake news, concluding that the infodemic is filled with false claims, conspiracy theories, and pseudoscientific therapies. The misinformation, prevalent on social media, poses a risk to public health. Experts urge professionals to disseminate accurate information to combat the crisis.","qid":44,"docid":"518e2x3h","rank":100,"score":8.680700302124023}]}
{"query":"How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health?","hits":[{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses disruptions and burdens on the mental health care system, magnifying inequalities for service users. A mixed methods online survey of UK mental health care staff revealed immediate infection control concerns for inpatient staff, and new ways of working for community staff. Rapid adaptations and innovations were described, but successful in only some clinical situations. Staff expressed concerns about various service user groups, including those exacerbated by pandemic anxieties and social","qid":45,"docid":"mfetvz49","rank":1,"score":12.191800117492676},{"content":"This study explores the mental health impact of COVID-19 lockdowns through personal stories and newspaper reports from Britain and Sri Lanka. Previous research has examined the epidemiology and language diversity of the pandemic, but none have focused on its societal and mental health consequences. The study uses corpus linguistics to analyze personal stories and newspaper reports, revealing that self-isolation leads to mental health breakdown but also positive emotions like helping and solidarity. British newspapers prioritize government handling","qid":45,"docid":"w5u4zxdb","rank":2,"score":12.109999656677246},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant and long-lasting effects on mental health globally, with the full impact yet to be determined. This special issue focuses on understanding how the pandemic is affecting mental health services in Ireland and internationally. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 reach various sectors of society, and this issue features perspectives from multiple disciplines and healthcare settings. Innovation and collaboration are key to addressing population mental health during and after the pandemic.","qid":45,"docid":"hze88sr4","rank":3,"score":12.041600227355957},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant and long-lasting effects on mental health globally, with the full impact yet to be determined. This special issue focuses on understanding how the pandemic is affecting mental health services in Ireland and internationally. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 reach various sectors of society, and this issue features perspectives from multiple disciplines and healthcare settings. Innovation and collaboration are key to addressing population mental health during and after the pandemic.","qid":45,"docid":"wbwd7m5w","rank":4,"score":12.04159927368164},{"content":"A study conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to determine the impact of social media on self-reported mental health and the spread of panic. An online questionnaire was administered to 516 social media users, and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that social media significantly spreads fear and panic related to COVID-19, with a potential negative influence on mental health. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic","qid":45,"docid":"8r0orhkm","rank":5,"score":11.73550033569336},{"content":"A study conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to determine the impact of social media on self-reported mental health and the spread of panic. An online questionnaire was administered to 516 social media users, and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that social media significantly spreads fear and panic related to COVID-19, with a potential negative influence on mental health. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic","qid":45,"docid":"fjss4e92","rank":6,"score":11.735499382019043},{"content":"The passage discusses two longitudinal studies from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Scottish Family Health Study (GS) that aimed to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and identify groups at greater risk. Using data from these studies, the researchers found that anxiety and lower wellbeing had increased during the pandemic, particularly in young people, women, those with pre-existing mental and physical health conditions, and those living","qid":45,"docid":"a3lk2q02","rank":7,"score":11.617799758911133},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to undergraduate medical education, including clinical clerkships and the residency application process. Suspension of clinical rotations, alterations in grading, suspension or elimination of away rotations, changes in medical licensing exams, and mental health ramifications are some of the ways COVID-19 is impacting UME. Governing medical bodies have issued recommendations, and residency programs may need to create new guidelines for","qid":45,"docid":"w8xv6l7m","rank":8,"score":11.508600234985352},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, was declared a global health crisis by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The pandemic has significantly disrupted the US healthcare system, including psychiatric care, which has been affected in outpatient, emergency room, inpatient, consultation, and community settings. Psychiatrists have had to adapt to new protocols and ethical considerations, while also leading teams, training residents, conducting","qid":45,"docid":"nxqa2wis","rank":9,"score":11.507100105285645},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, was declared a global health crisis by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The pandemic has significantly disrupted the US healthcare system, including psychiatric care, which is impacted in various settings: outpatient, emergency rooms, inpatient units, consultation services, and the community. Psychiatrists and mental health clinicians have had to adapt to new protocols and ethical considerations","qid":45,"docid":"td9syerz","rank":10,"score":11.507099151611328},{"content":"The Coronavirus Act 2020 in Northern Ireland brought temporary changes to mental health and capacity laws in response to the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on health services. The article discusses the reasoning behind these adjustments, their potential implementation, and the potential impact on human rights protections for those assessed as lacking capacity. Regular parliamentary oversight is urged to ensure the changes remain necessary, proportionate, and least restrictive during the emergency.","qid":45,"docid":"ma27v97d","rank":11,"score":11.346699714660645},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic causes global fear and anxiety, leading to clinical implications in mental and physical health spheres. Discussed are the effects on Cardiology, Paediatrics, Oncology, Dermatology, Neurology, and Mental Health, as well as the need for new communication and therapeutic approaches due to the pandemic's impact on treatments.","qid":45,"docid":"j7novgyb","rank":12,"score":11.337400436401367},{"content":"A study using data from 53,328 adults in the UK during the first two months of lockdown due to COVID-19 found that 24.4% had moderate-severe anxiety and 31.4% had moderate-severe depressive symptoms. Analyzing growth curve models, there was only a slight decrease in anxiety levels and a small decrease in depression levels between weeks 3-6, which then increased again in weeks 7-8","qid":45,"docid":"3gxgruuo","rank":13,"score":11.303999900817871},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures, such as physical distancing and isolation, negatively affect mental health globally. Frustration, loneliness, and anxiety are common reactions and risk factors for mental disorders. A study, called the \"COVID-IT-mental health trial,\" aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic and quarantine measures on the Italian population and identify areas for supportive interventions. The trial is a national, multicentric, cross-","qid":45,"docid":"vl5zhxyh","rank":14,"score":11.24020004272461},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has had varying effects on mental health, which can be influenced by sociodemographics, mental disorders, personality traits, life circumstances, and coping measures. A study of 343,017 participants in the UK found that anxiety, depression, and insomnia changed in demographically-mediated ways, with older adults experiencing larger negative changes and younger adults reporting greater benefits. Social connectedness was negatively affected across most mental and neu","qid":45,"docid":"oxs7qc0f","rank":15,"score":11.235300064086914},{"content":"A systematic review is being conducted to examine the mental and psychosocial health of older adults during acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics, including COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza. The study aims to describe patterns and evaluate differences between older adults and other age groups. Eligible studies are quantitative and qualitative, published until June 1, 2020, in various","qid":45,"docid":"7950xjmv","rank":16,"score":11.224499702453613},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is linked to increased psychological and social distress, leading to higher risks of depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders, including suicidal behavior. Vulnerable populations, such as those with pre-existing psychiatric disorders and those living in high COVID-19 prevalence areas, are particularly at risk. Stress-related psychiatric conditions and suicide risk may persist long after the pandemic. To mitigate suicides during the crisis, efforts should","qid":45,"docid":"y9vx7coj","rank":17,"score":11.182900428771973},{"content":"This editorial introduces a special section on a pan-Canadian study examining nurses' mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article series emphasizes the significance of this research in addressing nurses' occupational stress. The editorial discusses current stressors for nurses and anticipates the potential impact of COVID-19 on their mental health.","qid":45,"docid":"f6c7e0e4","rank":18,"score":11.168499946594238},{"content":"This editorial introduces a special section on a pan-Canadian study examining nurses' mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article series emphasizes the significance of this research in addressing nurses' occupational stress. The editorial discusses current stressors for nurses and anticipates the potential impact of COVID-19 on their mental health and well-being.","qid":45,"docid":"tj3lmjx3","rank":19,"score":11.168498992919922},{"content":"A phased intervention and resource framework for addressing mental health issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic is available for download on the Anxiety and Depression Association of America website. The framework is intended to help health systems and programs plan for current mental health needs and prepare for future needs of their communities, patients, and staff. The document is protected by copyright.","qid":45,"docid":"jcueu1xh","rank":20,"score":11.106200218200684},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in gaming activity due to physical distancing measures, resulting in record-high game downloads in Europe. Mental health professionals should be vigilant about the potential risk of gaming disorder, especially among adolescents, as prolonged gaming can be used as a coping mechanism for pandemic-related stress. They should provide safe alternatives for social interaction to help mitigate the risk.","qid":45,"docid":"6j8y4d1l","rank":21,"score":10.993300437927246},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in gaming activity due to physical distancing measures, resulting in record-high game downloads in Europe. Mental health professionals should be vigilant about the potential risk of gaming disorder, especially among adolescents, as prolonged gaming can be used to cope with pandemic-related stress. They should offer safe social interaction alternatives for those at risk.","qid":45,"docid":"k5nn7p39","rank":22,"score":10.99329948425293},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the divergence of devolved legislation and implementation in the United Kingdom, particularly in relation to emergency health and social care legislation. This summary focuses on the impact of these changes on adult social care and human rights in the United Kingdom's four jurisdictions: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The analysis reveals concerns about process and scrutiny, workforce changes, and the potential threat to human rights. Ordinarily, mental health and social care laws","qid":45,"docid":"zlaqcem1","rank":23,"score":10.987299919128418},{"content":"The editorial discusses the mental health implications of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, drawing parallels with the city's past experience of the SARS epidemic. It covers current containment measures and potential mental health consequences, as well as the impact on mental health nursing in the local context.","qid":45,"docid":"nd4f7b6s","rank":24,"score":10.97819995880127},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts routine health care delivery, posing challenges for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients face limitations in accessing health services, medications, imaging, and cardiac rehabilitation, while lifestyle habits and mental health are also affected. The Position Statement recommends delivering safe ongoing access to healthcare professionals and utilizing electronic health platforms to transform secondary prevention. Integrating research on these approaches can provide insights for optimal secondary prevention","qid":45,"docid":"bc7q8swu","rank":25,"score":10.975199699401855},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts routine health care delivery, posing challenges for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients face limitations in accessing health services, medications, imaging, and cardiac rehabilitation, while lifestyle habits and mental health are also affected. The Position Statement recommends ensuring safe access to healthcare professionals and evidence-based therapies, and increasing the use of electronic health platforms for secondary prevention. Research programs evaluating the","qid":45,"docid":"vxw4dvnb","rank":26,"score":10.975198745727539},{"content":"During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in website visits and telephone calls to the MindSpot Clinic, a national digital mental health service. The COVID-19 sample consisted of more females and fewer employed individuals compared to the comparison period. Anxiety symptoms showed a small but significant increase, and there was an increase in the number of people reporting recent onset of anxiety and depression. Most individuals expressed concern about the impact of COVID-19","qid":45,"docid":"4ec9n4d0","rank":27,"score":10.96030044555664},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant mental health and physical health issues. A call for action is made for mental health science research with priorities set based on public surveys and expert opinions. Immediate research needs include collecting data on mental health effects across the population and vulnerable groups, addressing mental health consequences for vulnerable groups under pandemic conditions, and investigating the impact of media consumption and health messaging. Mechanistically driven interventions are required to address psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of","qid":45,"docid":"d8aa0ro1","rank":28,"score":10.924599647521973},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant mental health and physical health issues. A call for action is made for mental health science research with priorities informed by public surveys and an expert panel. Immediate research needs include collecting data on mental health effects across the population and vulnerable groups, addressing mental health consequences for vulnerable groups under pandemic conditions, and researching the impact of media consumption and health messaging. Mechanistically driven interventions are required to address psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of","qid":45,"docid":"knlc3bxh","rank":29,"score":10.924598693847656},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing widespread concern for its impact on mental health, with adjustment disorders being a potential outcome due to various stressors such as health concerns, job loss, and work-related stress. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing adjustment disorders as mental health professionals deal with the pandemic. (Summary generated from Passage)","qid":45,"docid":"3yikeq42","rank":30,"score":10.847700119018555},{"content":"India, as the second most populous country, is experiencing significant impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. The country has been in lockdown since late March 2020, and while there have been early successes, there is a major conflict between prioritizing health benefits and the negative social and economic consequences of prolonged lockdown. The pandemic could potentially cause or worsen various psychiatric disorders. Lifestyle changes and limited screen time may help reduce mental health difficulties.","qid":45,"docid":"ex5unvr8","rank":31,"score":10.845800399780273},{"content":"India, as the second most populous country, is experiencing significant impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. The country has been in lockdown since late March 2020, and while there have been early successes, there is a major conflict between prioritizing health benefits and the negative social and economic consequences of prolonged lockdown. The pandemic could potentially worsen various psychiatric disorders, and lifestyle changes and limited screen time may help reduce mental health difficulties. Due to physical","qid":45,"docid":"u46upe5l","rank":32,"score":10.845799446105957},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on mental health is uncertain, requiring research to determine the extent and affected populations. A coordinated, interdisciplinary approach is proposed to address potential excess morbidity and mitigate, prevent, and treat mental health issues.","qid":45,"docid":"ilk9u1a8","rank":33,"score":10.842499732971191},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about concerns over health, financial security, and mental health, including social isolation. To address these issues, the authors introduce Expressive Interviewing, a conversational system inspired by motivational interviewing and expressive writing. The system encourages users to write about their experiences with COVID-19 through questioning. The design, implementation, and user interaction analyses are presented, along with a comparison to a general mental health dialogue system, demonstrating Expressive","qid":45,"docid":"rhcvsqtk","rank":34,"score":10.79580020904541},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in stigma and discrimination against Chinese and other Asians, negatively impacting mental health and recovery. It is crucial to address this issue through research, practice, and policy responses. Research should examine the mental health effects of anti-Asian sentiments and stressors. Practice should implement evidence-based stigma reduction initiatives. Policy should coordinate federal responses, including investments in mental health services and community-based efforts. (Summary generated from Pass","qid":45,"docid":"hlbjrkqp","rank":35,"score":10.779399871826172},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in stigma and discrimination against Chinese and other Asians, negatively impacting mental health and recovery. It is crucial to address this issue through research, practice, and policy responses. Research should examine the mental health effects of anti-Asian sentiments, practice should implement evidence-based stigma reduction initiatives, and policy should coordinate federal responses, including investments in mental health services and community-based efforts. (Summary generated from Passage title","qid":45,"docid":"q1ywk5vc","rank":36,"score":10.779398918151855},{"content":"A rapid systemic review of 83 articles was conducted to examine the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents during COVID-19. Of the studies, 63 reported on the mental health effects of social isolation and loneliness in previously healthy children and adolescents. The results indicated an increased risk of depression and possibly anxiety, with the risk being stronger for longer durations of loneliness than intensity. The studies had a","qid":45,"docid":"yyux8k36","rank":37,"score":10.727299690246582},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented socio-economic changes worldwide, with a focus on preserving lives and functional health systems, and mitigating economic consequences. Fear and anxiety are common experiences across societies due to concerns about the present situation, the duration of the crisis, and potential economic consequences. Health systems are facing similar challenges in dealing with the pandemic while addressing ongoing healthcare needs. This paper shares insights from Croatia on the challenges faced by Child and Ad","qid":45,"docid":"pqom76hk","rank":38,"score":10.62339973449707},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented socio-economic changes worldwide, with a focus on saving lives and maintaining functional health systems. Fear and anxiety are common among all societies due to concerns about the present situation, the duration of the crisis, and potential economic consequences. Health systems are facing similar challenges in dealing with the pandemic while addressing ongoing healthcare needs. This paper discusses the experiences of Croatia's Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAM","qid":45,"docid":"wbl2hg7d","rank":39,"score":10.623398780822754},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of healthcare workers, with prevalence rates of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and sleeping problems ranging from 7-97%, 9-90%, 5-51%, and 34-65% respectively. Risk factors for mental health problems include exposure to Covid-19, female gender, and worry about infection or infecting others. Interventions reported in studies mostly focused on individual symptom","qid":45,"docid":"23cjm86c","rank":40,"score":10.61400032043457},{"content":"A systematic review will be conducted to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people and adults, using eight databases with no restrictions on publication date, setting, or languages. The primary outcomes will be the prevalence and severity of psychological symptoms. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist, and pooled standardized mean differences and 95% CIs will be calculated.","qid":45,"docid":"5h6d1obb","rank":41,"score":10.58240032196045},{"content":"A systematic review will be conducted to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people and adults, using eight databases with no restrictions on publication date, setting, or languages. The primary outcomes will be the prevalence and severity of psychological symptoms. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist, and pooled standardized mean differences and 95% CIs will be calculated.","qid":45,"docid":"78d5mlp2","rank":42,"score":10.582399368286133},{"content":"This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Chinese college students and explored mitigation strategies. During the peak of the outbreak, sixty-six students were surveyed using structured questionnaires on demographics, physical activity, negative emotions, sleep quality, and aggressiveness level. The results showed that the COVID-19 death count negatively affected sleep quality and reduced aggressiveness, but had an indirect impact on negative emotions, stress, and anxiety through","qid":45,"docid":"hp11at50","rank":43,"score":10.504500389099121},{"content":"This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Chinese college students and explored mitigation strategies. During the peak of the outbreak, sixty-six students were surveyed using structured questionnaires on demographics, physical activity, negative emotions, sleep quality, and aggressiveness level. The results showed that the COVID-19 death count negatively affected general sleep quality and reduced aggressiveness directly, but indirectly impacted negative emotions, stress, and anxiety","qid":45,"docid":"37seijbr","rank":44,"score":10.481499671936035},{"content":"During the COVID-19 lockdown, digital gaming can support well-being by providing mental health benefits through interaction with other players in virtual communities. Research suggests redesigning game programming to include home-based physical activities. A framework for further research on this critical topic has been developed.","qid":45,"docid":"idlabzms","rank":45,"score":10.473400115966797},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in December 2019 and has since affected over two million people globally, is taking a toll on mental health. With no vaccine available, preventative measures such as lockdowns, social distancing, and self-isolation are necessary but may increase stress levels and negatively impact psychiatric health for the general public, COVID-19 sufferers, their loved ones, those with pre-existing mental health conditions, and healthcare workers","qid":45,"docid":"880lwnde","rank":46,"score":10.445899963378906},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic places frontline caregivers under severe stress and trauma, but there is a lack of clarity on how healthcare organizations should structure mental health support for them. Traditional approaches, which ask employees to seek assistance from centralized resources, may be insufficient during crises as frontline professionals may perceive mental health support as conflicting with their urgent work goals and professional identities. A study on the US Army's mental health support during wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provides","qid":45,"docid":"r8teblhs","rank":47,"score":10.401100158691406},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant mental health and psychosocial challenges due to its direct health complications and disruption to standard care. Isolation practices may lead to increased anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress, substance abuse, domestic violence, and relationship discord. These issues have implications for cardiovascular health care professionals and their patients.","qid":45,"docid":"d7vo3l8e","rank":48,"score":10.39210033416748},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant mental health and psychosocial challenges for individuals, with potential consequences for cardiovascular health. Isolation measures may lead to increased anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress, substance abuse, domestic violence, and relationship discord. These complications could worsen cardiovascular disease management.","qid":45,"docid":"pf1f9fhc","rank":49,"score":10.392099380493164},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, discriminatory media reports labeling the virus as the \"Chinese virus\" have negatively impacted the mental health of Chinese travelers. This discrimination has led to violent attacks and increased fear and anxiety. Key world leaders, including President Donald Trump, have contributed to this sensationalism. This perspective article discusses the potential effects of misleading media reports on the mental well-being of ethnically Chinese travelers.","qid":45,"docid":"7c72n11m","rank":50,"score":10.372200012207031},{"content":"Healthcare workers have faced mental health challenges while treating COVID-19 patients, with previous pandemics providing insight into these issues. A rapid review of 40 qualitative studies identified eight themes transcending pandemics, time, and geographical boundaries, including fear, trauma, moral distress, burnout, stigma, social support, organizational support, and self-care. Learning from past experiences can help mitigate negative mental health effects and support the long-term wellbeing of","qid":45,"docid":"6gc7smqf","rank":51,"score":10.349900245666504},{"content":"A team of researchers in the Netherlands established the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort by recruiting participants from the Lifelines population and birth cohort and having them fill out weekly or bi-weekly questionnaires regarding physical and mental health and pandemic experiences since late March 2020. With over 70,000 respondents, the cohort aims to investigate the development of the pandemic in the northern provinces, environmental and genetic risk factors","qid":45,"docid":"6w8jun1e","rank":52,"score":10.347200393676758},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies were searched in various databases without a lower time limit and up to May 2020. The random effects model was used for meta-analysis, and the I(2) index was used to assess heterogeneity. The prevalence of stress was 29.6% (95% CI:","qid":45,"docid":"8ab8rugv","rank":53,"score":10.28219985961914},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had various impacts on people with pre-existing mental health conditions and mental health services. A study aimed to map early impacts and identify strategies adopted to manage these. They searched for relevant content published before April 30, 2020, in multiple languages and synthesized it using a rapid qualitative framework synthesis approach. They found 872 sources from 29 countries, documenting deteriorations in symptoms, social isolation, lack","qid":45,"docid":"uyebygdm","rank":54,"score":10.275899887084961},{"content":"A study was conducted for 10 days to explore the attitude, knowledge, behavior, and mental health impact of COVID-19 on doctors. Out of 152 participants, 34.9% were depressed, 39.5% had anxiety, and 32.9% had stress. Predictors for psychiatric morbidities included experience in the health sector, duty hours, use of protective measures, and altruistic coping. Doctors","qid":45,"docid":"msc7pj0x","rank":55,"score":10.27299976348877},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has led to concerns about its impact on the 11 million people incarcerated worldwide, with many suffering from preexisting medical conditions and limited access to medical services. In France, the lockdown measures resulted in the suspension of visitations, group activities, and external interventions in prisons, leading to the release of over 10,000 prisoners to reduce the risk of virus propagation. This article describes the reorganization of","qid":45,"docid":"74xuvaz6","rank":56,"score":10.265199661254883},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health professionals are working to prevent smoking in hospitals due to its link to cancer and the challenges of social distancing and increased stress. Discussed are the prevalence of smoking in mental health patients, the impact of COVID-19, and the importance of smoking cessation interventions for future cancer prevention and current patients.","qid":45,"docid":"fgjzo4xq","rank":57,"score":10.212599754333496},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) clinical services and research, including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and low intensity transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES), such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS). Experts have developed guidelines for managing and reopening","qid":45,"docid":"6wlq7syf","rank":58,"score":10.200599670410156},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) clinical services and research, including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and low intensity transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES). Experts developed guidelines for managing and reopening NIBS clinics and laboratories through the pandemic's immediate and ongoing stages. The document outlines regulatory aspects, human resources, NIBS optimization","qid":45,"docid":"uan7leat","rank":59,"score":10.20059871673584},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significant implications for ambulatory gynecologic care, affecting safety and mental health, reproductive life planning, sexually transmitted infections, and routine screening for breast and cervical cancer. Social distancing requirements may increase risks for intimate partner violence and mental health concerns, impact access to contraception and abortion services, interrupt prepregnancy planning, and decrease access to cancer screenings and STIs treatment. Recommendations include","qid":45,"docid":"hlymyzcq","rank":60,"score":10.190199851989746},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected women, girls, and gender-diverse individuals, leading to mental health challenges. Counseling psychologists play a crucial role in managing these mental health impacts through addressing mental, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, relational, and social aspects. This perspective emphasizes the importance of recognizing the organismic phenomenological self and embracing wholeness and growth within the gendered approach and feminist framework. The goal","qid":45,"docid":"4laqdzui","rank":61,"score":10.1673002243042},{"content":"A study of 2132 Taiwanese citizens examined their awareness, attitudes, and behaviors towards COVID-19 prevention and the impact on their physical and mental health. The results showed a high level of willingness to share information, consensus on prevention, strict compliance with regulations, and effective measures led to control of the virus. However, some individuals required more vigilance and awareness, and epidemic-prevention campaigns and community-based measures needed improvement. Some citizens experienced headaches,","qid":45,"docid":"gv2owt9e","rank":62,"score":10.167299270629883},{"content":"A study of 2132 Taiwanese citizens examined their awareness, attitudes, and behaviors towards COVID-19 prevention and the impact on their physical and mental health. The results showed a high level of willingness to share information, consensus on prevention, strict compliance with regulations, and effective measures led to control of the virus. However, some individuals required more vigilance and awareness, and epidemic-prevention campaigns and community-based measures needed improvement. Some citizens experienced headaches,","qid":45,"docid":"t9oh2i0t","rank":63,"score":10.167298316955566},{"content":"A university in China was the first to recognize the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and assembled a professional mental health team to offer services. The team faced challenges in four areas: organizational\/systemic level, technical perspective, therapeutic process, and ethical aspects. The paper describes these challenges and provides recommendations for short-term solutions and future improvements.","qid":45,"docid":"4qvv1hsq","rank":64,"score":10.166099548339844},{"content":"A university in China was the first to recognize the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and assembled a mental health team to offer services. The team faced challenges in four areas: organization\/system, technical, therapeutic process, and ethics. They provide recommendations for short-term solutions and future improvements.","qid":45,"docid":"orfzsfo3","rank":65,"score":10.166098594665527},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant societal, economic, and environmental impacts with both short-term and long-term effects on mental health, as outlined in this commentary which draws on existing research and the clinical experiences of a psychologist working in the Canadian hospital sector. (Summary generated using text-summarization techniques)","qid":45,"docid":"4q1j6g44","rank":66,"score":10.162699699401855},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant societal, economic, and environmental impacts with both short-term and long-term effects on mental health, as outlined in this commentary which draws on existing research and the clinical experiences of a psychologist working in the Canadian hospital sector. (Summary generated using text-summarization techniques)","qid":45,"docid":"6ngsyo8o","rank":67,"score":10.162698745727539},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant psychological trauma, particularly for pediatric populations whose nervous and endocrine systems are not fully developed. Children with mental illnesses are especially vulnerable during quarantine and social distancing. The bio-psycho-social model suggests that some pediatrics may experience catastrophic thoughts, despair, and emotional and behavioral reactions. Digital applications like telehealth, social media, mobile health, and remote interactive online education can help bridge the social distance","qid":45,"docid":"jrvurm62","rank":68,"score":10.15429973602295},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant psychological trauma, particularly for pediatric populations whose nervous and endocrine systems are not fully developed. Children with mental illnesses are especially vulnerable during quarantine and social distancing. The bio-psycho-social model suggests that some pediatrics may experience catastrophic thoughts, despair, and emotional and behavioral reactions. Severe cases may exhibit symptoms of psychosis or PTSD. Digital applications, such as telehealth, social media","qid":45,"docid":"leh2ny0e","rank":69,"score":10.154298782348633},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to examine the impact of funeral practices on mental health and bereavement of bereaved relatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight hundred and five records were screened, and seventeen studies of varying quality were included. The evidence is inconclusive, with some observational studies suggesting benefits from funeral participation and others not. Qualitative research emphasizes the importance of personalized after-death rituals for the bereaved. Funeral officiants play a crucial role","qid":45,"docid":"arvxidyo","rank":70,"score":10.127699851989746},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to examine the impact of funeral practices on bereaved relatives' mental health and bereavement outcomes, considering the restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight hundred and five records were screened, resulting in seventeen studies of varying quality. The evidence is inconclusive, with five observational studies suggesting benefits from funeral participation and six reporting no benefits. Qualitative research emphasizes the significance of personalized after-death rituals, including funerals, for the","qid":45,"docid":"m4n87qz2","rank":71,"score":10.12769889831543},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected over 2 million people globally with more than 125,000 deaths. In Croatia, there are currently 1,741 confirmed cases and 34 deaths. The fear and anxiety caused by the pandemic have led to a significant increase in the need for psychiatric support. During the pandemic, Zagreb experienced its strongest earthquake in 140","qid":45,"docid":"gokevnzw","rank":72,"score":10.120599746704102},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to mental health services and increases the burden on mental health due to disruptions and emerging psychological distress. Three groups that can benefit from psychological interventions during and beyond the pandemic are: (1) frontline healthcare workers and their patients, (2) individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 or experiencing loss, and (3) individuals with existing mental health conditions whose vulnerabilities are exacerbated. Practical considerations for offering support include identifying","qid":45,"docid":"9qh7efs4","rank":73,"score":10.105600357055664},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapid adoption of telepsychiatry in the US due to relaxed insurance and regulatory barriers. Telepsychiatry's effectiveness and the challenges preventing its wider use were discussed. In March 2020, federal, state, professional, and insurance changes facilitated the shift from in-person to virtual psychiatric care. Early data from an urban academic medical center shows opportunities and challenges of virtual care. Clinical suggestions for optimizing telepsychiat","qid":45,"docid":"cwtdkylo","rank":74,"score":10.091699600219727},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has had a significant psychosocial impact beyond its infectious and fatal effects. Fear of the disease, or \"coronaphobia,\" has led to anxiety, panic, hoarding, paranoia, depression, and PTSD. This is exacerbated by an \"infodemic\" of misinformation spread through social media. Racism, stigmatization, and","qid":45,"docid":"5zg5g77w","rank":75,"score":10.071599960327148},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has had a significant psychosocial impact beyond its infectious and fatal effects. This impact includes mass fear, economic burden, and psychiatric manifestations such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Quarantine measures and an \"infodemic\" spread via social media have contributed to these issues, as well as outbreaks of racism and stigmatization. Frontline healthcare workers are also at","qid":45,"docid":"h0yzj1ro","rank":76,"score":10.071599006652832},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put immense stress on the healthcare system, leading to high rates of burnout among providers. This article explores the connection between acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and burnout through a review of mental health effects on healthcare providers during past epidemics and natural disasters. The piece also suggests a systems-based approach to addressing these challenges.","qid":45,"docid":"bmbdtxj0","rank":77,"score":10.069000244140625},{"content":"A study conducted in Vlora University, Albania, using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression levels among 863 nursing and midwifery students and 249 family members during the COVID-19 quarantine period. The mean PHQ-9 scores were similar for students (6.220) and family members (6.280). Unsatisfaction with COVID-19 prevention measures and beliefs about","qid":45,"docid":"88gb52j8","rank":78,"score":10.056599617004395},{"content":"A study conducted at Vlora University in Albania using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) assessed the levels of depression among 863 nursing and midwifery students and 249 family members during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean PHQ-9 scores were similar for students (6.220) and family members (6.280). Unsatisfaction with COVID-19 prevention","qid":45,"docid":"a4ulg4ck","rank":79,"score":10.056598663330078},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on mental health is not well-studied despite its potential effects on people's mental well-being. While efforts are focused on understanding the physical aspects of the virus, there is a need to raise awareness about the mental health consequences and prevent stigmatization. Behavioral changes can impact the pandemic's severity and transmission. This perspective article provides an overview of the mental health effects of the COVID-19 outbreak.","qid":45,"docid":"0n5n7p4b","rank":80,"score":10.055000305175781},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on mental health is not well-studied despite its potential effects on people's mental well-being. While efforts are focused on understanding the physical aspects of the virus, there is a need to raise awareness about the mental health consequences and strategies to prevent stigmatization. Behavioral changes can impact the pandemic's severity and transmission, making mental health awareness crucial during this crisis. This perspective article provides an in-depth look at the","qid":45,"docid":"5cmcri6u","rank":81,"score":10.054999351501465},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of surgeons worldwide. This paper explores the factors affecting surgeons' mental health during this time and suggests coping mechanisms at both individual and institutional levels to mitigate the negative psychological effects.","qid":45,"docid":"w2lqk84x","rank":82,"score":10.043999671936035},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of surgeons worldwide. This paper explores the factors affecting surgeons' mental health during this time and suggests coping mechanisms at both individual and institutional levels to mitigate the negative psychological effects.","qid":45,"docid":"y7yakmoc","rank":83,"score":10.043998718261719},{"content":"During the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in Australia, a study of 5070 adult participants found that 78% reported worsened mental health, with 25.9% being very or extremely worried about contracting COVID-19 and 52.7% worried about family and friends. Common concerns included uncertainty, loneliness, and financial worries. Elevated psychological distress was reported by 62%, 50%, and 6","qid":45,"docid":"fzusgbww","rank":84,"score":10.043100357055664},{"content":"A study conducted at a German psychiatric hospital found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in the number of mental health emergency presentations. The decrease in presentations appeared to correlate with the mobility of the general public, suggesting an impact of social distancing measures. The findings highlight the importance of raising awareness about the potential negative effects of the pandemic on mental health.","qid":45,"docid":"unhdfzpc","rank":85,"score":10.032899856567383},{"content":"The passage discusses the negative impact of human disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on mental health. It highlights the limited resources of mental health services, particularly in countries like Croatia that have experienced additional stressors such as natural disasters and chronic post-traumatic stress disorders. The article proposes a comprehensive approach using digital psychiatry, which includes artificial intelligence, telepsychiatry, and internet-based mental health tools, to address the lack of access to psychiat","qid":45,"docid":"2wam1qls","rank":86,"score":10.02079963684082},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of human disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on mental health and the need for digital psychiatry to address the resulting mental health challenges. Human disasters such as pandemics, natural disasters, and social crises can cause significant stress-related disorders. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to address mental health concerns, as resources for mental health services are limited in many countries and the demand is expected to increase. The Republic","qid":45,"docid":"qkjyv0d2","rank":87,"score":10.020798683166504},{"content":"A study conducted in China during the COVID-19 outbreak assessed mental health problems, exposure to the virus, and coping behaviors in 2993 adults. Direct exposure to COVID-19, media exposure, and negative impact on livelihood were significant predictors of mental health problems. Those with less intense exposure through media and the use of cognitive and prosocial coping behaviors had fewer mental health issues. The study highlights the importance of addressing the mental health consequences of the pandemic'","qid":45,"docid":"1kpw4ru0","rank":88,"score":10.007100105285645},{"content":"A study conducted in China during the COVID-19 outbreak assessed mental health problems, exposure to the virus, and coping behaviors in 2993 adults. Direct exposure to COVID-19, media exposure, and negative impact on livelihood were significant predictors of mental health problems. Those with less intense exposure through media and the use of cognitive and prosocial coping behaviors had fewer mental health issues. The study highlights the importance of addressing the mental health consequences of the pandemic'","qid":45,"docid":"pavnpgu8","rank":89,"score":10.007099151611328},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 213 countries with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases and thousands of casualties, leading to significant psychological health concerns on individual and community levels. Past outbreaks have shown adverse effects on psychological health, and current efforts focus on understanding the epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 while neglecting mental health. Risk factors for psychological distress include preventive measures, conspiracy theories, socioeconomic crisis, travel restrictions","qid":45,"docid":"ka7nvqcc","rank":90,"score":9.987600326538086},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 213 countries with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases and thousands of casualties, leading to significant psychological health concerns on individual and community levels. Past outbreaks have shown adverse effects on psychological health, and current efforts focus on understanding the epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 while neglecting mental health. Risk factors for psychological distress include preventive measures, conspiracy theories, socioeconomic crisis, travel restrictions","qid":45,"docid":"zgzjl8uy","rank":91,"score":9.98759937286377},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns have led to mental health concerns for healthcare workers, including dentists, due to the risk of contagion and financial stress. The oral mucosa is considered a high-risk route for COVID-19 transmission, leading to many dentists being forced to stop working. Isolation and its financial impact have caused physical and psychological pressure, depression, social anxiety, and other mental health issues. This article reviews the mental health consequences of","qid":45,"docid":"mitvv9rp","rank":92,"score":9.976300239562988},{"content":"Greece, having recently emerged from a debt crisis, now faces the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in its health care system. The text discusses the key issues the Greek public health system encounters in addressing the population's health needs. Effective measures like social distancing and early national lockdowns have saved lives, but the system must expand its capacity to meet existing health needs, mental health concerns, and future outbreaks. Innovative mental health service delivery models are necessary in response","qid":45,"docid":"o39l38jk","rank":93,"score":9.970999717712402},{"content":"Greece, having recently emerged from a debt crisis, now faces the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in its health care system. The text discusses the key issues the Greek public health system encounters in addressing the population's health needs. Effective measures like social distancing and early national lockdowns have saved lives, but the system must expand its capacity to meet existing health needs, mental health concerns, and future outbreaks. New models and approaches for mental health services are necessary due","qid":45,"docid":"zmhuoqhg","rank":94,"score":9.970998764038086},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put immense pressure on healthcare workers, leading to significant emotional stress. At the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) in New York City, healthcare workers have been providing frontline care to COVID-19 patients while dealing with their own fears for safety. To support the workforce, MSHS established a Crisis Support Task Force that identified three priority areas for promoting and maintaining the well-being of employees: meeting basic daily needs, enhancing communication","qid":45,"docid":"f634kpug","rank":95,"score":9.966099739074707},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put immense pressure on healthcare workers, leading to significant emotional stress. At the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) in New York City, a Crisis Support Task Force was established to address the workforce's concerns related to the pandemic. The task force identified three priority areas to promote and maintain the well-being of MSHS employees: meeting basic daily needs, enhancing communication, and providing psychosocial and mental health support. The task","qid":45,"docid":"x1km7nfn","rank":96,"score":9.96609878540039},{"content":"A cross-sectional study was conducted in Liaoning Province, China, to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents aged 18 and above. An online survey was distributed through a social media platform between January and February 2020, with 263 participants completing the study. The mean age of participants was 37.7, and 74.9% had a high level of education.","qid":45,"docid":"skwlq014","rank":97,"score":9.955699920654297},{"content":"A cross-sectional study was conducted in Liaoning Province, China, to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents aged 18 and above. An online survey was distributed through a social media platform between January and February 2020, with 263 participants completing the study. The mean age of participants was 37.7, and most had a high level of education. The Impact of Event Sc","qid":45,"docid":"wgim93nm","rank":98,"score":9.95569896697998},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant negative impacts on children and adolescents, their families, and communities, including illness, death, social isolation, malnutrition, and exacerbating existing disparities such as racism, poverty, domestic violence, and child maltreatment. These issues are likely to worsen the negative effects on child development and mental health.","qid":45,"docid":"77dtxxd4","rank":99,"score":9.940299987792969},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant risks and challenges for individuals with schizophrenia and related disorders. These risks include increased infection rates and poor outcomes, mental health consequences, disruptions to mental health service delivery, and potential research setbacks. Urgent actions are needed to mitigate transmission risks and maintain clinical care and research continuity for this vulnerable population.","qid":45,"docid":"q1sybzej","rank":100,"score":9.917400360107422}]}
{"query":"what evidence is there for dexamethasone as a treatment for COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"The passage offers non-evidence-based recommendations for managing multiple myeloma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. For standard-risk patients, various treatment options are suggested, including IRd, CRd, DRd, RVd, or CyBorD. High-risk patients are recommended KRd or RVd, with a lower dexamethasone dose and subcutaneous bortezomib. ASCT is delayed for most patients","qid":46,"docid":"0eyi1gql","rank":1,"score":8.891300201416016},{"content":"The passage offers non-evidence based recommendations for managing multiple myeloma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. For standard-risk patients, various treatment options including IRd, CRd, DRd, RVd, and CyBorD are suggested. High-risk patients are recommended KRd or RVd, with dose adjustments for dexamethasone and bortezomib. ASCT is delayed for most patients, except those with","qid":46,"docid":"omen8vvq","rank":2,"score":8.8912992477417},{"content":"A randomized trial is being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of early intravenous dexamethasone administration in adult patients with moderate or severe ARDS due to COVID-19. The trial includes 350 patients with early-onset ARDS, randomly allocated to standard treatment plus dexamethasone or standard treatment without dexamethasone. The primary outcome is ventilator-free days within 28 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes","qid":46,"docid":"dgy7qbl5","rank":3,"score":8.45740032196045},{"content":"This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the current data on human controlled trials for COVID-19 treatments. Medications assessed included lopinavir\/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, favipiravir, heparin, and dexamethasone. Lopinavir\/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and arbidol showed no","qid":46,"docid":"07tdrd4w","rank":4,"score":8.381799697875977},{"content":"The RECOVERY trial compared the use of dexamethasone to usual care in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A total of 2104 patients received dexamethasone and 4321 received usual care. The age-adjusted rate ratio of mortality was lower in the dexamethasone group (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.92, P","qid":46,"docid":"ocguwlam","rank":5,"score":8.338199615478516},{"content":"A study of 21 SARS-CoV-2 patients with pneumonia, moderate to severely elevated CRP, and worsening hypoxemia found that early, short-term treatment with dexamethasone led to significant decreases in CRP levels (from 129.52 to 40.73 mg\/L) and most patients were discharged home with an average length of stay of 7-8 days","qid":46,"docid":"fqh77aaa","rank":6,"score":8.214900016784668},{"content":"A series of 21 SARS-CoV-2 patients with pneumonia, moderate to severely elevated CRP, and worsening hypoxemia were treated with a short course of dexamethasone. CRP levels decreased significantly, and most patients were discharged home with a mean length of stay of 7.8 days. None required mechanical ventilation, but two were transferred to hospice. The study suggests that short-term cort","qid":46,"docid":"ztd7awzv","rank":7,"score":8.214899063110352},{"content":"The passage discusses the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 and potential pharmacotherapies to address these issues. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a pandemic disease with no approved treatment. Medications used in its treatment include hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, dexamethasone, protease inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory agents. Patients with cardiovascular disease","qid":46,"docid":"qvsoinfy","rank":8,"score":8.115400314331055},{"content":"This passage describes a phase III clinical trial titled \"CryptoDex,\" which aims to test the effectiveness of adding dexamethasone to standard antifungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis (CM), a severe and often fatal illness in HIV-infected adults. The trial is a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with parallel arms, recruiting patients in Asia and Africa. The primary research question is whether adding dexamethas","qid":46,"docid":"eq8yjxy3","rank":9,"score":7.991099834442139},{"content":"A randomized controlled trial is being conducted to test the hypothesis that early administration of dexamethasone, IV-IG, and interferon-beta in combination can reduce the effect of the cytokine storm in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The trial is a phase two multi-center study with three parallel arms (1:1:1 ratio). Participants are hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, aged 18-70, with","qid":46,"docid":"mapu4r1z","rank":10,"score":7.987800121307373},{"content":"A randomized controlled trial is being conducted to test the hypothesis that early administration of dexamethasone, IV-IG, and interferon-beta in combination can reduce the effect of the cytokine storm in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The trial is a phase two multi-center study with three parallel arms (1:1:1 ratio). Participants are hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, aged 18-70, with","qid":46,"docid":"t9c26eld","rank":11,"score":7.987799167633057},{"content":"A series of 21 patients with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia and moderately to severely elevated CRP levels were treated with a short course of dexamethasone at The Miriam Hospital. CRP levels decreased significantly, and most patients were discharged home with an average length of stay of 7.8 days. None required mechanical ventilation, but two were transferred to hospice. The study suggests that short-term corticosteroids","qid":46,"docid":"oqgw6ao6","rank":12,"score":7.973499774932861},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has put a strain on healthcare systems and prompted researchers to find effective treatments. Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, is currently the only proven life-saving drug for severe COVID-19 cases, which affect around 20% of infected individuals and result in respiratory and multi-organ failures. The excessive immune response to the virus damages pulmonary alve","qid":46,"docid":"m2b836k8","rank":13,"score":7.960299968719482},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, minimizing dexamethasone exposure during antiemetic prophylaxis for cancer patients is important due to its association with increased risk of viral and respiratory infections and lymphopenia. An expert panel reviewed literature and recommended modifying the 2019 Cancer Care Ontario Antiemetic Recommendations. Single-day dexamethasone dosing with high emetogenic risk regimens","qid":46,"docid":"b8p4l0yp","rank":14,"score":7.92549991607666},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, minimizing dexamethasone exposure during antiemetic prophylaxis for cancer patients is important due to its association with increased risk of viral and respiratory infections and lymphopenia. An expert panel reviewed literature and recommended modifying the 2019 Cancer Care Ontario Antiemetic Recommendations. Single-day dexamethasone dosing with high emetogenic risk regimens","qid":46,"docid":"gd6dd4qm","rank":15,"score":7.925498962402344},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of the corticosteroid dexamethasone for severe COVID-19 patients, but warns of its potential risks. Dexamethasone, approved since 1958, is an immunosuppressor that limits cytokine production and damages their effects. However, it also inhibits T cells and B cells, which could increase viral load and prevent the generation of protective antibodies. Additionally,","qid":46,"docid":"6q0y3ewu","rank":16,"score":7.613100051879883},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of the corticosteroid dexamethasone for severe COVID-19 patients, but warns of its potential risks. Dexamethasone, approved since 1958, is an immunosuppressor that limits cytokine production and damages their effects. However, it also inhibits T cells and B cells, which could increase viral load and prevent the generation of protective antibodies. Additionally,","qid":46,"docid":"br3ahtf7","rank":17,"score":7.613099098205566},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has put immense pressure on healthcare systems and led researchers to find effective preventive and treatment strategies. Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, is currently the only proven life-saving drug for severe COVID-19 cases, which affect around 20% of infected individuals and result in respiratory and multi-organ failures. The excessive immune response damages pulmonary alve","qid":46,"docid":"bhkmax7s","rank":18,"score":7.567800045013428},{"content":"The study investigated the impact of dexamethasone (DX) on rotavirus infection in gnotobiotic calves by suppressing their immune systems. DX treatment inhibited mitogen responses in both rotavirus-naive and rotavirus-immune calves within 48 hours. However, the effect on antibody responses varied depending on the timing of DX treatment. When given before primary rotavirus infection, both systemic and local antibody responses were inhibited","qid":46,"docid":"btnwopac","rank":19,"score":7.485899925231934},{"content":"A study by Gautret et al. suggested that hydroxychloroquine monotherapy and hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin could reduce viral load in COVID-19 patients. However, the study has major methodological issues, including design, outcome measure, and statistical analyses. This paper discusses the background, clinical evidence, pharmacology, and methodological issues related to the trial. Despite the urgency to find antiv","qid":46,"docid":"wnb4cltt","rank":20,"score":7.414000034332275},{"content":"A multicentre, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of dexamethasone in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study aimed to evaluate if dexamethasone could change pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to decreased duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality. The trial involved 17 intensive care units in Spain and enrolled 277 patients, with ","qid":46,"docid":"3vvsa2wi","rank":21,"score":7.238399982452393},{"content":"A multicentre, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of dexamethasone in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study aimed to evaluate if dexamethasone could change pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to decreased duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality. Between March 2013 and December 2018, 277 patients were enrolled","qid":46,"docid":"buz3o8x9","rank":22,"score":7.238399028778076},{"content":"This study aimed to test the safety and feasibility of percutaneous adventitial delivery of dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory compound, into the adventitia of the femoropopliteal artery during endovascular treatment. Twenty patients with Rutherford clinical category 2-5 underwent the procedure, which involved deploying a microneedle from an adventitial microinfusion catheter into the adventitia","qid":46,"docid":"4e05h96h","rank":23,"score":7.227200031280518},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the role of corticosteroids in managing COVID-19 based on the RECOVERY Trial results. Five studies were analyzed, with three showing benefits, two showing no benefits, and one suggesting harm in critical cases. The RECOVERY Trial found that dexamethasone reduced deaths by 35% in ventilated patients and 20% in patients on supplemental oxygen therapy, but no benefit was observed in mild cases","qid":46,"docid":"hswuwtod","rank":24,"score":7.218699932098389},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the role of corticosteroids in managing COVID-19 based on five studies, including one randomized controlled trial (RECOVERY) from the World Health Organization's non-recommendation. Three retrospective studies and one quasi-prospective study showed benefits, while two studies showed no benefits, and one sub-study suggested harm in critical cases. The RECOVERY trial reported a 35% reduction in death for","qid":46,"docid":"zi86r481","rank":25,"score":7.218698978424072},{"content":"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, is proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 and has been approved for prophylaxis in India for health workers and contacts of confirmed cases. The FDA has authorized its use for treatment in adolescents and adults in the US. This review examines the evidence for and against HCQ's use as a preventative or treatment for COVID-19, focusing on the Indian context","qid":46,"docid":"9eo0leey","rank":26,"score":7.200799942016602},{"content":"The passage highlights the overall low methodological quality of COVID-19 research, using hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin studies as an example. The flawed methodology and sub-optimal reporting could lead to biased estimates of effect, potentially harming patients with ineffective or harmful treatment decisions. Researchers must focus on improving methodology and reporting, including considering harms to patients, to increase confidence in research findings.","qid":46,"docid":"safr9z37","rank":27,"score":7.165500164031982},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential risks of using dexamethasone, an antiemetic commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting from cancer drugs, in uninfected cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dexamethasone can cause B and T cell depletion, which may increase the risk of infection and worsen outcomes if a patient subsequently contracts COVID-19. Since lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune response","qid":46,"docid":"pec5ezyy","rank":28,"score":7.118100166320801},{"content":"Glucocorticoids, specifically dexamethasone, inhibit neurogenic plasma extravasation in the rat trachea caused by capsaicin and substance P. The inhibition occurs in a dose-dependent manner with a latency of several hours and reaches a maximum after two days of treatment. Additionally, glucocorticoids prevent the potentiating effect of Sendai virus respiratory infection on neurogenic plasma extravasation.","qid":46,"docid":"qxlz1ff6","rank":29,"score":7.107900142669678},{"content":"Dexamethasone reduces endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and improved arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and lung damage. This effect is observed in the early stages of ALI.","qid":46,"docid":"lkud2lbv","rank":30,"score":7.0183000564575195},{"content":"Dexamethasone, a steroid medication, has been shown to reduce mortality rates in COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, according to a study published in the Lancet. The study involved over 6,000 patients and found that dexamethasone lowered the risk of death by one-third in patients on oxygen and by one-fifth in those on ventilators. However, the medication did not benefit patients who did","qid":46,"docid":"tw3luwll","rank":31,"score":7.006899833679199},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for effective management of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. With limited pharmacological options, historical reports on low-dose radiation therapy for pneumonia have gained interest. Although these reports have low-level evidence, they suggest effectiveness in the dose range of 0.3-1 Gy, similar to recent dose concepts for inflammatory\/degenerative benign diseases. This review evaluates the evidence for","qid":46,"docid":"bheq9p5w","rank":32,"score":6.998300075531006},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for effective treatment of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. With limited pharmacological options, historical reports on low-dose radiation therapy for pneumonia have gained interest. Although these reports have low-level evidence, they suggest effectiveness in the 0.3-1 Gy dose range, similar to recent treatments for inflammatory\/degenerative diseases. This review evaluates the evidence for low-dose","qid":46,"docid":"o07stuxw","rank":33,"score":6.9982991218566895},{"content":"Human dermal fibroblasts contain ectoaminopeptidase N, which can be increased by glucocorticoids through a receptor-mediated mechanism. Addition of fetal calf serum and dexamethasone both increase aminopeptidase N activity, with maximal increase occurring after 3 days of treatment with 1 \u03bcM dexamethasone. Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis prevent","qid":46,"docid":"lsrdk9ap","rank":34,"score":6.962699890136719},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been uncertainties regarding the management of non-traumatic surgical emergencies, such as acute appendicitis and cholecystitis. Issues include identifying COVID-19 patients quickly, understanding the impact of abdominal surgical diseases and their treatment on COVID-19 patients, and discussing the role of non-operative treatment for abdominal diseases. This review explores these concerns based on existing","qid":46,"docid":"vnq1fjwy","rank":35,"score":6.945700168609619},{"content":"The passage discusses the global public health crisis caused by COVID-19 and the unprecedented response to find potential treatments. However, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment, and randomized clinical trials and high-quality evidence are necessary. The article provides a review of the latest published literature on therapeutic strategies and investigational lines for SARS-CoV-2.","qid":46,"docid":"okrpa7k7","rank":36,"score":6.927800178527832},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for treating Covid-19 despite a lack of solid evidence for their safety and efficacy. Ethical questions arise regarding the obligation to treat patients with proven indications, the necessity of randomized controlled trials, and the government's right to decide treatment for all Covid-19 patients. Physicians face a dilemma between following guidelines and their own convictions","qid":46,"docid":"rffp6qe2","rank":37,"score":6.907899856567383},{"content":"The passage discusses the parallels between managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges of treating neoplastic diseases. To effectively address these challenges, the author suggests a multinational moonshot project focused on collecting data on COVID-19 and cancer comorbidity and designing large clinical studies. The Italian organization for cancer research, Alliance Against Cancer (ACC), is proposed to lead this scientific effort by coordinating oncology teams at various levels and collaborating with","qid":46,"docid":"3mvjc805","rank":38,"score":6.905399799346924},{"content":"The passage discusses the parallels between managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges of treating neoplastic diseases. To effectively address these challenges, the author suggests a multinational moonshot project focused on collecting data on COVID-19 and cancer comorbidity and designing large clinical studies. The Italian organization for cancer research, Alliance Against Cancer (ACC), is proposed to lead this scientific effort by coordinating oncology teams at various levels and collaborating with","qid":46,"docid":"xzcxehui","rank":39,"score":6.905398845672607},{"content":"A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant interferons in treating disseminated Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in immunosuppressed mice. Dexamethasone-immunosuppressed BALB\/c mice developed disseminated infection with high viral loads and multi-organ involvement, including orchitis. Clinical deterioration occurred during viral clearance, and mice treated with type I","qid":46,"docid":"v4r5d26a","rank":40,"score":6.895299911499023},{"content":"A study compared the effects of a single dose of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The incidence and severity of PONV were similar between the two groups. Early postoperatively, pain was lower and sedation higher in the dexmedetomidine group. The first analgesic request was delayed","qid":46,"docid":"lliix0hj","rank":41,"score":6.879899978637695},{"content":"A hypothesis is presented suggesting the use of bronchial artery infusion as an alternative to systemic drug infusion in COVID-19 trials, with potential benefits of high drug concentration and low systemic adverse effects. However, this idea is uncertain and lacks clinical data to support it. It is recommended that the technique be first tested in animal models for safety and effective dosage determination before implementation in COVID-19 trials. Currently, there are over 1,200","qid":46,"docid":"ylcaw0vi","rank":42,"score":6.7571001052856445},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to a significant increase in hospitalizations for respiratory illness. This review discusses the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily through respiratory droplets during close contact. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, with radiographic and laboratory","qid":46,"docid":"5hei9fac","rank":43,"score":6.730400085449219},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to a significant increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease. This review discusses the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily spread via respiratory droplets during close contact. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, with","qid":46,"docid":"j8q6n9cs","rank":44,"score":6.730399131774902},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, COVID-19, caused a global pandemic starting at the end of 2019. Clinical evidence and guidelines for treating COVID-19 are lacking, leading to numerous treatments being evaluated. Antiviral drugs, including remdesivir, are being used, but their effectiveness is not definitive. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab show promise in selected patients, but the optimal timing and therapeutic schemes are unclear. The eff","qid":46,"docid":"o29773cz","rank":45,"score":6.724800109863281},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 2.5 million people worldwide, resulting in over 170,000 reported deaths. Preventative strategies include infection control, patient isolation, and social distancing. Supportive care is the main management approach, with oxygen therapy being the major treatment intervention. Corticosteroids and antivirals are also used in critical management schemes, but there is no specific antiviral or vaccine available. New findings require up-to","qid":46,"docid":"2697ts31","rank":46,"score":6.70959997177124},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 944,000 people worldwide, resulting in over 47,000 reported deaths. Preventative strategies include infection control, patient isolation, and social distancing. Supportive care is the main management approach, with oxygen therapy being the major treatment intervention. Corticosteroids and antivirals are also used in critical management schemes, but there is no specific antiviral or vaccine available. New findings require updated","qid":46,"docid":"ver7x3lx","rank":47,"score":6.709599018096924},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impacts on health, psychology, society, and economy. The relationship between age and chronic non-communicable diseases goes beyond their prevalence. Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which are commonly used to manage these diseases, increase the expression of angiotensin conversion enzyme type 2 receptors in lung tissue. The hypothesis that these drugs may increase the risk of COVID-19 emerged","qid":46,"docid":"2vns1wdb","rank":48,"score":6.654300212860107},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impacts on health, psychology, society, and economy. The relationship between age and chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking) goes beyond their prevalence. Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), commonly used to manage these diseases, increase the expression of angiotensin conversion enzyme type 2 receptors in lung tissue. The","qid":46,"docid":"l8flafv4","rank":49,"score":6.644999980926514},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impacts on health, psychology, society, and economy. The relationship between age and chronic non-communicable diseases goes beyond their prevalence. Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, often used to manage these diseases, increase ACE-2 receptors in lung tissue. Initial hypotheses suggested these drugs could worsen COVID-19 due to their interaction with ACE-2 receptors.","qid":46,"docid":"oweh98z2","rank":50,"score":6.644999027252197},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global health emergency by the WHO, has high mortality rates for severe and critical cases due to complications like ARDS, respiratory failure, and organ failure. While research on COVID-19's epidemiology and characteristics is abundant, information on treating severe and critical cases is limited. This study reviews published evidence on clinical interventions for severe and critical COVID-19 to serve as a reference for further treatment.","qid":46,"docid":"3aam2j5z","rank":51,"score":6.625199794769287},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global health emergency by the WHO, has limited information on treatment for severe and critical cases with high fatality rates due to complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome, failure, or organ failure. This study reviews published evidence on clinical interventions for severe and critical COVID-19 to provide an updated reference for further treatment.","qid":46,"docid":"si37zgkl","rank":52,"score":6.625198841094971},{"content":"A report summarizes the lack of published evidence on anosmia and ageusia (loss of smell and taste) as symptoms of COVID-19. Oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy or immune therapy, who experience these symptoms, should contact their acute oncology support line for advice. Experts suggest these symptoms could be used as a potential trigger for testing or self-isolation until more data is available. Currently, there are no reported cases of COVID-19 patients","qid":46,"docid":"zpb9jicw","rank":53,"score":6.597599983215332},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an overwhelming amount of information for clinicians, requiring agility and evidence-based decision-making. Adoption of new methods should be based on clinical judgement, the weight of evidence, and the balance of probabilities. The pandemic necessitates a new level of evidence-based medicine marked by skepticism, thoughtfulness, responsiveness, and clinical agility.","qid":46,"docid":"a9yscv8v","rank":54,"score":6.512199878692627},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an overwhelming amount of information for clinicians, requiring agility and evidence-based decision-making. Adoption of new methods should be based on clinical judgement, the weight of evidence, and the balance of probabilities. The pandemic necessitates a new level of evidence-based medicine marked by skepticism, thoughtfulness, responsiveness, and clinical agility.","qid":46,"docid":"l64pg7pg","rank":55,"score":6.5121989250183105},{"content":"The passage discusses the hypothesis that certain drugs, including ibuprofen and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, could worsen COVID-19 by increasing the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which the coronavirus uses to enter cells. This theory led to concerns about the safety of using these drugs during the pandemic. However, the article summarizes that the evidence for","qid":46,"docid":"s8b4j0j2","rank":56,"score":6.495200157165527},{"content":"A contemporary review of the neurological sequelae of COVID-19 was conducted to characterize the neuro-invasive potential of the disease. SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus, can reach ACE2 receptors on neuronal tissue through the general circulation, leading to central nervous system (CNS) manifestations such as headache and vertigo. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) sequ","qid":46,"docid":"411qyubx","rank":57,"score":6.492000102996826},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between COVID-19 death rates and the use of antimalarial drugs, specifically chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, as treatments. The analysis compares death rate dynamics in countries using these drugs versus those not using them during the initial stages of the pandemic. The results suggest that countries using antimalarial drugs experienced much slower death rate increases than those not using them during the first 13 days. However, the study","qid":46,"docid":"fbm3zoe2","rank":58,"score":6.480299949645996},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic currently lacks randomized controlled trials proving the effectiveness of antiviral therapies. Despite this, physicians are widely prescribing various drugs to COVID-19 patients in the hope of a cure, deviating from the evidence-based medicine approach. There is a need for more research to establish effective routine care practices for managing COVID-19 symptoms and combating the disease's pathology.","qid":46,"docid":"x82yaoxc","rank":59,"score":6.4475998878479},{"content":"The European Myeloma Network has issued a consensus statement to guide the management of multiple myeloma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients are at higher risk for severe infection due to their immunocompromised state, age, and comorbidities. Recommendations include patient education, individualized treatment, telemedicine, and early COVID-19 diagnosis through testing before hospital admission or treatment. Oral regimens are preferred for elderly and frail","qid":46,"docid":"u9u5jcp0","rank":60,"score":6.447400093078613},{"content":"The study investigated the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the H5N1 virus in mice. Mice were divided into three groups: infected, DEX-treated infected, and control. DEX did not reduce mortality, improve clinical signs, or alleviate hypoxemia and ARDS-related pathological changes. Additionally, DEX did not inhibit inflammatory","qid":46,"docid":"xrvgpd67","rank":61,"score":6.4375},{"content":"A scoping review was conducted on 84 studies from 1975-2020, mostly before the COVID-19 outbreak, to assess the impact of COVID-19 on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Risk factors for unfavorable respiratory outcomes include alcohol consumption, tobacco use, aging population, and comorbidities like cardiopulmonary issues. Treatment toxicities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy also increase","qid":46,"docid":"hekzjb3f","rank":62,"score":6.406400203704834},{"content":"A scoping review was conducted on 84 studies from 1975-2020, mostly before the COVID-19 outbreak, to assess the impact of COVID-19 on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Risk factors for unfavorable respiratory outcomes include alcohol consumption, tobacco use, aging population, and comorbidities like cardiopulmonary issues. Treatment toxicities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy also increase","qid":46,"docid":"vpxubnkc","rank":63,"score":6.406399250030518},{"content":"A systematic literature review assessed 49 papers published in 2020 on the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis. Of the 755 pregnant women and 598 infants studied, over half had C-sections and only 82% of infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, with two testing positive. No vertical transmission has been proven yet due to gaps in care during and after","qid":46,"docid":"irocv0ke","rank":64,"score":6.402599811553955},{"content":"A systematic literature review assessed 49 papers published in 2020 on the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis. Of the 755 pregnant women and 598 infants studied, over half had C-sections and only 82% of infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, with two testing positive. No vertical transmission has been proven yet due to gaps in care during and after","qid":46,"docid":"o7ze1myf","rank":65,"score":6.402598857879639},{"content":"This study aimed to identify molecular signaling pathways dysfunctional during SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells and repurpose existing drugs as potential COVID-19 treatments based on transcriptional response. Signaling pathways and gene ontologies like MAPK, JNK, STAT, ERK, JAK-STAT, IRF7-NFkB signaling, and MYD88\/CXCR6 immune sign","qid":46,"docid":"h04lnb8y","rank":66,"score":6.390100002288818},{"content":"Two cases of pulmonary capillary leak syndrome caused by COVID-19 infection are reported. Diagnosis was made based on confirmed RT-PCR test results, respiratory distress, lung crackles, and alveolar pulmonary edema on chest CT-Scan, and normal heart functions. Patients were treated with oxygen therapy, corticosteroids, diuretics, Azithromycine, vitamin C, and other symptomatic treatments,","qid":46,"docid":"e5fh7r7a","rank":67,"score":6.358099937438965},{"content":"The passage summarizes an article aimed at trainee audiences, discussing the relationship between COVID-19 and headaches. The article explains that COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, is associated with neurological symptoms, including headaches. The pandemic has led to changes in clinical practice, such as increased use of telemedicine due to limitations on in-person visits. The article explores possible mechanisms of headache in COVID-19 patients, including indirect, potential","qid":46,"docid":"kre0npli","rank":68,"score":6.33050012588501},{"content":"A systematic review of nine articles involving 12 patients with specific skin disorders and COVID-19 found that most required mild-moderate treatment, with only one requiring ICU admission. Biologic or immunosuppressive\/immunomodulator agents were ceased during infection but resumed after recovery to prevent severe recurrence and cytokine storms. The course of COVID-19 and its management were similar to the general population, with exacerb","qid":46,"docid":"x96vp6r4","rank":69,"score":6.31790018081665},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, special care is required for cancer patients, including those with multiple myeloma, due to their immunosuppressed status and increased risk for severe infection and mortality. Multiple myeloma patients are a vulnerable group due to their age and long-term therapy requirements, which may involve prolonged contact with the healthcare system and potential stem cell transplants. Experts discuss the available evidence and lack thereof regarding COVID-19 in myel","qid":46,"docid":"kh15qvv8","rank":70,"score":6.298999786376953},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, special care is required for cancer patients, including those with multiple myeloma, due to their immunosuppressed status and increased risk for severe infection and mortality. Multiple myeloma patients are a vulnerable group due to their age and long-term therapy requirements, which may involve prolonged contact with the healthcare system and potential stem cell transplants. Experts in multiple myeloma and infectious diseases have discussed the available evidence and lack","qid":46,"docid":"pwxprzha","rank":71,"score":6.298998832702637},{"content":"A study of 90 refractory\/relapsed multiple myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone treatment examined the relationship between immune cell populations at treatment start and infection occurrence. During the study, 52 (57.8%) patients had at least one infection episode, with 58 (63%) clinically defined, 29 (31.5%) microbiologically defined, and 5","qid":46,"docid":"z1lvq0iv","rank":72,"score":6.291500091552734},{"content":"The study investigated the expression of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in healthy and inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Interferons and ISGs were detected in normal mucosa but decreased in CRS patients. Their levels were upregulated by macrolides, dexamethasone, and TLR3 agonist but downregulated","qid":46,"docid":"wbyw2lrq","rank":73,"score":6.275400161743164},{"content":"The study aimed to test two hypotheses regarding the hyperglycemic response to major noncardiac surgery and the effect of steroid administration in diabetics and nondiabetics. The results showed that diabetics had a smaller increase in glucose levels compared to nondiabetics, but both groups experienced a significant increase in glucose concentrations during surgery. Nondiabetics showed a greater increase in glucose levels with steroid administration, but there was no","qid":46,"docid":"oh67pq5f","rank":74,"score":6.254799842834473},{"content":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, long-used for malaria and rheumatoid arthritis, have been used anecdotally in the current COVID-19 pandemic due to their availability and previous success in treating SARS. The drugs are widely used in India. Pre-clinical evidence and eight clinical trials are discussed, with caution for cardiac toxicity. Current data does not recommend for or against their use, and","qid":46,"docid":"b6aeu1ph","rank":75,"score":6.236499786376953},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, anti-malarial drugs, in treating COVID-19, the disease caused by Sars-Cov-2 infection. While some improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of these drugs is yet to be proven through randomized controlled studies. The mechanisms of action of these drugs as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory","qid":46,"docid":"l6l24pco","rank":76,"score":6.195099830627441},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in China and spread globally, has had devastating consequences and required emergency measures to reduce its impact on public health and healthcare systems. Containment strategies and increasing intensive care capacity are prioritized, but the social and psychological effects of quarantine are concerning. The optimal management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is uncertain, and early intubation may cause harm. The use of repurposed drugs for mild cases of COVID","qid":46,"docid":"ix9x25sc","rank":77,"score":6.184100151062012},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, with its devastating consequences, has led to emergency measures to reduce the impact on public health and healthcare systems. Containment strategies and increasing intensive care capacity are prioritized, but the social and psychological effects of quarantine are a concern. The optimal management of critically ill COVID-19 patients is uncertain, and early intubation may cause harm. The use of repurposed drugs for mild cases is controversial due to their potential toxic effects and","qid":46,"docid":"qzxvh2qc","rank":78,"score":6.184099197387695},{"content":"A randomized, double-blind non-inferiority trial was conducted to test the equivalence of magnesium sulphate and dexamethasone in preventing postoperative sore throat (POST) after lumbar spinal surgery in the prone position. One hundred and forty-six patients were randomly assigned to receive either magnesium sulphate or dexamethasone. The magnesium group received a preoperative dose of 30","qid":46,"docid":"k7znamun","rank":79,"score":6.183499813079834},{"content":"The passage discusses the current lack of approved treatments for COVID-19 and the significant use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data. However, there is no high-quality clinical evidence showing a clear benefit of these agents for COVID-19, and they have the potential to cause harm, including cardiac side effects and immunologic consequences that","qid":46,"docid":"75vvix5o","rank":80,"score":6.179800033569336},{"content":"The passage discusses the current lack of approved treatments for COVID-19 and the widespread use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data. However, there is no high-quality clinical evidence showing a clear benefit of these agents for COVID-19, and they have the potential to cause harm, including cardiac side effects and immunologic consequences that","qid":46,"docid":"87uhx3pt","rank":81,"score":6.1797990798950195},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to result in millions of deaths and leave behind a large number of bereaved people, many of whom may develop Complicated Grief (CG). The features of CG following the coronavirus outbreak are likely to resemble those after natural disasters and ICU treatment. This paper aims to review literature on CG after natural disasters and ICU treatment to help support bereaved people during the acute phase of the pandemic and identify those at risk for C","qid":46,"docid":"h1tulk56","rank":82,"score":6.1682000160217285},{"content":"A summary of the passage is as follows: The passage discusses the current knowledge about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and children. SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has resulted in high morbidity and mortality in China and has spread to other countries. Approximately three neonates and over 230 children have been reported to have the disease, with mild conditions being the norm.","qid":46,"docid":"1hwcp09t","rank":83,"score":6.1666998863220215},{"content":"A summary of the passage is as follows: The passage discusses the current knowledge about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and children. SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has resulted in high morbidity and mortality in China and has spread to other countries. Approximately three neonates and over 230 children have been reported to have the disease, with mild conditions being the norm.","qid":46,"docid":"4qy35wdf","rank":84,"score":6.166698932647705},{"content":"A cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. The causative agent was identified as a new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the related disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. The epidemic is currently spreading in China and globally.","qid":46,"docid":"ofuzk4by","rank":85,"score":6.166697978973389},{"content":"A cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. The causative agent was identified as a new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the related disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. The epidemic is currently spreading in China and globally.","qid":46,"docid":"qpcvxwti","rank":86,"score":6.166697025299072},{"content":"A study titled \"Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 using Deep Learning\" reports an integrative, network-based deep learning methodology called CoV-KGE to identify repurposable drugs for COVID-19. The study built a comprehensive knowledge graph with 15 million edges and 39 types of relationships connecting drugs, diseases, proteins\/genes, pathways, and expression from 24 million PubMed publications.","qid":46,"docid":"j51zyodw","rank":87,"score":6.155799865722656},{"content":"This passage summarizes a phase IIa study exploring the efficacy and safety of multiple doses of NEPA (netupitant\/palonosetron) given every-other-day without dexamethasone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with relapsed-refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation and treated","qid":46,"docid":"fdtdrpfp","rank":88,"score":6.112599849700928},{"content":"A phase IIa, multicenter study explored the efficacy of multiple doses of NEPA (netupitant\/palonosetron) given every-other-day without dexamethasone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with relapsed-refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation and treated with multiple","qid":46,"docid":"lw0sm5qu","rank":89,"score":6.112598896026611},{"content":"A global pandemic caused by the coronavirus COVID-19 began in December 2019 in China and has since spread to nearly all countries. About 2% of cases are diagnosed in children. Transmission can occur from asymptomatic or presymptomatic adults and children. Clinical features are similar to other respiratory viral infections, with rare cases of an unusual rash. Disease is generally mild in children but fatalities have been reported. The risk","qid":46,"docid":"828ubhzi","rank":90,"score":6.082699775695801},{"content":"Two studies with over 1,700 U.S. adults found that people share false information about COVID-19 due to lack of sufficient thinking about accuracy. In Study 1, participants had difficulty distinguishing true from false content when sharing on social media, but improved with greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge. Study 2 showed that a simple accuracy reminder before the study significantly increased truth discernment in participants' sharing intentions. These findings suggest that nudging people to consider accuracy","qid":46,"docid":"abj9b0x0","rank":91,"score":6.079699993133545},{"content":"The passage presents findings from two studies conducted with over 1,700 U.S. adults regarding why people share false information about COVID-19 on social media. Study 1 revealed that participants had difficulty distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate content when deciding what to share, but greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge improved discernment. Study 2 demonstrated that a simple accuracy reminder before the study led to nearly three times more truthful sharing intentions. The results suggest that nud","qid":46,"docid":"zbkgabl2","rank":92,"score":6.0796990394592285},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the arrhythmogenic effects of short-term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19. The search resulted in 41 studies with data from 1515 patients, revealing that approximately 10% of COVID-19 patients developed QT prolongation. Two cases of ventricular arrhythmia were identified in a group of 28 patients treated with high","qid":46,"docid":"e1otbzt3","rank":93,"score":6.078199863433838},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the arrhythmogenic effects of short-term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are widely used to treat COVID-19 but prolong the QT interval and increase the risk of torsades de pointes and sudden death. The search yielded 14 studies with data from 1515 COVID-19 patients, of whom approximately 10% developed QT prolongation. Two","qid":46,"docid":"sm0112e3","rank":94,"score":6.0781989097595215},{"content":"A retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of hydrocortisone in decreasing respiratory support for premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Secondary objectives included assessing the impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), maternal history of chorioamnionitis, side effects, and route of administration. Forty-eight intubated patients were included, and 50% were successfully extubated","qid":46,"docid":"833h42d5","rank":95,"score":6.054800033569336},{"content":"A study of 62 children aimed to evaluate the relationship between body weight and perioperative blood glucose changes after a single dose of dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis. All patients received total intravenous anesthesia and a dose of dexamethasone based on weight. Blood glucose levels were measured up to 6 hours post-administration. The results showed an increase in blood glucose levels (with","qid":46,"docid":"32ozud9i","rank":96,"score":6.030600070953369},{"content":"A study was conducted to compare the release profile and pharmacokinetics of intact and fragmented dexamethasone intravitreal implants in rabbit eyes. The results showed no difference in dexamethasone release or concentration in the vitreous and aqueous humors between intact and fragmented implants. Therefore, fragmentation of dexamethasone implants is unlikely to have clinically significant effects on patients.","qid":46,"docid":"291kyeo5","rank":97,"score":6.030099868774414},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unclear risks for pregnant women, with early data suggesting no increased risk and no confirmed vertical transmission. Social distancing is the best protective measure due to the lack of treatment, vaccine, or herd immunity. Management considerations include maintaining social distancing and avoiding mother\/baby separation to prevent transmission.","qid":46,"docid":"djzh602y","rank":98,"score":5.997099876403809},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unclear risks for pregnant women, with early data suggesting no increased risk and no confirmed vertical transmission. Social distancing is the best protective measure due to the lack of treatment, vaccine, or herd immunity. Management considerations include maintaining social distancing and avoiding mother\/baby separation to prevent transmission.","qid":46,"docid":"kcc3p3ow","rank":99,"score":5.997098922729492},{"content":"This study analyzed the effect of dexamethasone administration on post-operative blood glucose levels in 238 diabetic patients who underwent primary hip and knee arthroplasty. The results showed that patients who received dexamethasone had higher odds of post-operative hyperglycemia within 24 hours (OR: 2.46-6.72) and 72 hours (OR: 2","qid":46,"docid":"rouf3dng","rank":100,"score":5.968200206756592}]}
{"query":"what are the health outcomes for children who contract COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"A retrospective analysis of 166 children with suspected COVID-19 at a specialist children's hospital found that 39.2% tested positive for the virus. Positive cases were older and had a lower proportion of underlying health vulnerabilities, but no difference in ventilation requirement or mortality rates. However, a lower proportion of positive cases required mechanical ventilation support. The study suggests that COVID-19 may not significantly differ in severity from other causes of similar","qid":47,"docid":"15zj660u","rank":1,"score":10.515700340270996},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":47,"docid":"gnaubzah","rank":2,"score":9.697099685668945},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":47,"docid":"hlhhvmtu","rank":3,"score":9.697098731994629},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to assess if children with brain-based developmental disabilities are more likely to develop COVID-19 and have complications or poorer outcomes. Four studies with a total of 50 COVID-19 pediatric patients, including seven at risk of brain-based disabilities, were reviewed. Symptoms varied in severity but all patients either recovered or were discharged by the study's end. No deaths were reported. The impact of COVID","qid":47,"docid":"wjbh1z8y","rank":4,"score":9.413200378417969},{"content":"A study using data from England and Wales found that there were an additional 531 non-covid-19 deaths during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to what would have been expected, based on pre-pandemic trends. The findings were consistent with the results of an interrupted time series model. The reasons for this increase are not yet clear and further analysis of cause of death data is needed to inform policy responses.","qid":47,"docid":"ev9p2apu","rank":5,"score":9.200300216674805},{"content":"Children generally experience milder forms of COVID-19 with a better prognosis and rare mortality. Clinical features include fever, cough, and asymptomatic cases. Reasons for less severe impact may involve differences in immune system function and ACE2 expression. Diagnosis is through RT-PCR testing. Immunosuppressed children and management of severe cases are discussed. The greatest threat to child health is the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic.","qid":47,"docid":"03vy3uaj","rank":6,"score":9.190999984741211},{"content":"Children generally experience milder forms of COVID-19 with a better prognosis and rare mortality. Clinical symptoms include fever and cough, but many are asymptomatic. Reasons for less severe impact in children may involve differences in immune system function and ACE2 expression. Diagnosis is through RT-PCR testing, and management includes antiviral and immunomodulatory treatments for severe cases. The greatest threat to child health from COVID-19 is not","qid":47,"docid":"18q23z8l","rank":7,"score":9.190999031066895},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed weaknesses in the US social safety net, particularly in supporting families with children. Existing programs primarily focus on older Americans and unemployed or disabled working-age adults. Emergency relief packages provide some relief but reinforce existing inequalities and fail to adequately support families with children, especially immigrant and families of color. To address these gaps, a national US child allowance is proposed as a solution to provide immediate relief during the pandemic and economic downt","qid":47,"docid":"a6myolc2","rank":8,"score":9.010700225830078},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria control efforts in Africa. Malaria, which kills hundreds of thousands annually, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, was seeing progress with a Phase IV Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)-linked malaria vaccine implementation in 2019. However, the emergence of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and its rapid spread led to concerns","qid":47,"docid":"i2338h5r","rank":9,"score":8.933899879455566},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential worsened outcomes for individuals with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) who contract COVID-19. Three biological mechanisms are suggested as possible explanations: opioid-related respiratory depression may increase the risk of hypoxemia from COVID-19, complex opioid immune modulation may impact the host response to COVID-19, and drug-drug interactions between medications for OUD and COVID-19 may lead","qid":47,"docid":"2qnto8gw","rank":10,"score":8.88659954071045},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted myeloma care, with the immediate concern being minimizing the risk of infection. Looking ahead, the future of myeloma treatment may involve cost-effective and tailored approaches as healthcare delivery will not return to its pre-pandemic state. Investment in novel strategies is necessary to provide optimal outcomes for patients in the post-pandemic environment.","qid":47,"docid":"sexx9196","rank":11,"score":8.729599952697754},{"content":"A study conducted during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in China aimed to examine risk perceptions, knowledge, and information sources among prenatal and postnatal Chinese women. The participants perceived their risk of contracting and dying from COVID-19 to be lower than influenza but were worried about getting infected. They demonstrated adequate knowledge about COVID-19, with doctors, nurses\/midwives, and television being their primary sources of information. There was no significant relationship","qid":47,"docid":"6ipv3lf6","rank":12,"score":8.702899932861328},{"content":"A study conducted during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in China aimed to examine risk perceptions, knowledge, and information sources among prenatal and postnatal women. The participants perceived a lower risk of contracting and dying from COVID-19 than influenza but were worried about getting infected. They demonstrated adequate knowledge about COVID-19, with doctors, nurses\/midwives, and television being their primary sources of information. There was no significant correlation between perceived risk","qid":47,"docid":"m66npv9k","rank":13,"score":8.702898979187012},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted myeloma care, with the immediate concern being minimizing the risk of infection and its complications. Looking ahead, the future of myeloma treatment may involve cost-effective and tailored approaches as the post-pandemic healthcare landscape will not revert to its previous state. Now is the time to invest in innovative strategies to optimize patient outcomes.","qid":47,"docid":"njg0ln33","rank":14,"score":8.695799827575684},{"content":"A systematic review aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Twenty-four studies were included, indicating that children have a lower observed case rate than adults but may have similar infection rates. Limited data suggest children have milder symptoms and can be asymptomatic, but severe cases and transmission dynamics are not well understood.","qid":47,"docid":"998lscmk","rank":15,"score":8.667900085449219},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health authorities have recommended social distancing, limiting nonessential services, and determining what procedures are considered elective in healthcare. For deaf and hard of hearing children, some audiologic and otologic services are essential due to critical language development periods and the long-term impact of auditory deprivation. Seattle Children's Hospital, a quaternary referral pediatric hospital in the epicenter of COVID-19 in","qid":47,"docid":"jkmihpt5","rank":16,"score":8.594200134277344},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health authorities have recommended social distancing, limiting nonessential services, and determining what procedures are considered elective in healthcare. For deaf and hard of hearing children, some audiologic and otologic services are essential due to critical language development periods and the long-term impact of auditory deprivation. Seattle Children's Hospital, a quaternary referral pediatric hospital in the epicenter of COVID-19 in","qid":47,"docid":"uiy18hx9","rank":17,"score":8.594199180603027},{"content":"This descriptive study reports on 130 Italian children with confirmed COVID-19, revealing that about half had a family member with the virus and over a quarter had comorbidities, most commonly respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular conditions. The majority (75.4%) had asymptomatic or mild disease, but over half were hospitalized, with 11.5% requiring respiratory support and 6.9% treated in","qid":47,"docid":"u7arfoym","rank":18,"score":8.545599937438965},{"content":"A participatory digital contact tracing approach using anonymous notifications is discussed as a supplemental method for COVID-19 contact tracing in countries with limited healthcare resources and technology. Confirmed cases can provide contact information, and the system automatically sends messages to contacts, informing them of their status, actions to take, and advice for early care if symptoms develop. The sender's name can be anonymous, and messages contain a security code for contacts to access detailed information.","qid":47,"docid":"qmp2h3h2","rank":19,"score":8.539600372314453},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing research regarding the impact of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) inhibitors on solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19. The use of RAAS inhibitors among this population is common due to the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. There have been hypotheses that the use of RAAS inhibitors may increase the risk of developing severe SARS-Co","qid":47,"docid":"90d21ck7","rank":20,"score":8.52810001373291},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing research regarding the impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19. While there have been hypotheses suggesting that RAAS inhibitors may increase the risk of severe infection due to the role of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in both SARS-CoV-2 entry and RAAS","qid":47,"docid":"j9vpgw4v","rank":21,"score":8.528099060058594},{"content":"A study of 908 Chinese adults found that anxiety sensitivity, disgust propensity, and sensitivity are linked to fear of contracting COVID-19. The results suggest that disgust propensity and sensitivity act as moderators between anxiety sensitivity and fear of the virus. This finding highlights the importance of individual differences in the behavioral immune system during public health crises. Recommendations for targeted public education to support mental health during pandemics are suggested.","qid":47,"docid":"lm18i64j","rank":22,"score":8.522000312805176},{"content":"A study of 908 Chinese adults found that anxiety sensitivity, disgust propensity, and sensitivity played a role in fear of contracting COVID-19. The results showed that both disgust propensity and sensitivity moderated the relationship between physical concerns and fear of COVID-19, suggesting individual variations in the activation of the behavioral immune system. The findings have implications for public education during pandemics to support mental health.","qid":47,"docid":"ow9mn18o","rank":23,"score":8.52199935913086},{"content":"The passage discusses how consumers' preferences are refined when coping with budget contractions, leading to a stabilization of preferences. Consumers prioritize items when allocating a budget after a contraction, resulting in fewer options being chosen when the budget is fully restored. This preference refinement effect applies to budgets of time, space, and money, and occurs when significant budget contractions and self-determined allocations are in place. Marketers should target consumers dealing with budget","qid":47,"docid":"cyn4ssih","rank":24,"score":8.508899688720703},{"content":"A study conducted at Louisiana State University from March 3-12, 2020, asked 356 participants about their perceived likelihood of a national health crisis due to COVID-19 and their concern about contracting the virus from attending campus events. The study found that participants' estimates of a national crisis increased significantly during the second week, while concern about personal contraction remained relatively stable. Those who believed a national crisis was imminent were more concerned about attending events.","qid":47,"docid":"hng8ivz2","rank":25,"score":8.451700210571289},{"content":"A study reviewed the impact of tobacco use on hospitalization, asymptomatic cases, and severity of COVID-19. Data was collected from RT-PCR verified sources with smoking data. The study found that smokers were underrepresented in hospitalizations in some areas but equally represented in asymptomatic populations. However, smokers may experience more severe symptoms if they contract the virus. The study recommends that smokers consider themselves at higher risk for COVID-1","qid":47,"docid":"k9k1bwg6","rank":26,"score":8.444700241088867},{"content":"A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of China's contract service policy for public health care in rural areas, which aimed to convert privately practicing village doctors into government-managed general practitioners. Three counties and one non-pilot county were selected using purposive sampling. The study used case study methods and a thematic approach to analyze outcomes and mechanisms in the complex adaptive systems framework. The results showed that insufficient incentives hindered effective implementation of the policy. Incre","qid":47,"docid":"29aqx87q","rank":27,"score":8.382100105285645},{"content":"A retrospective study of 756 COVID-19 patients who underwent an electrocardiogram (ECG) at hospital admission found that the presence of atrial premature contractions, intraventricular block or right bundle branch block, ischemic T-wave inversion, and nonspecific repolarization were associated with increased odds of death. ST elevation was rare.","qid":47,"docid":"0848vz0q","rank":28,"score":8.378299713134766},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 19 peer-reviewed studies with a total of 11,590 COVID-19 patients found that smokers had higher odds of disease progression than non-smokers. Of the patients, 6.3% had a smoking history and 29.8% of those with a history of smoking experienced disease progression, compared to 17.6% of non-smokers. The meta-analysis showed","qid":47,"docid":"2dt758qj","rank":29,"score":8.37279987335205},{"content":"Four paediatric cases of COVID-19 infection were reported in Malaysia between late January and end of February 2020, with ages ranging from 20 months to 11 years. All children had likely contracted the virus in China and experienced no symptoms or mild flu-like illness. They were managed symptomatically without antiviral therapy. Ethical dilemmas arose regarding the quarantine of infected children with negative parents, and false negative results were","qid":47,"docid":"h4kmrxeu","rank":30,"score":8.350700378417969},{"content":"Four paediatric cases of COVID-19 were reported in Malaysia between late January and end of February 2020, with ages ranging from 20 months to 11 years. All children had likely contracted the virus in China and experienced no symptoms or mild flu-like illness. They were managed symptomatically without antiviral therapy. Ethical dilemmas arose regarding the quarantine of infected children with negative parents, and there was a risk of","qid":47,"docid":"xubsqetp","rank":31,"score":8.350699424743652},{"content":"A 16-month-old female infant from Lebanon is the first reported case of COVID-19 in the Middle East among children. She presented with fever and severe diarrhea, testing positive for the virus despite no respiratory symptoms. Chest radiography revealed lung infections, and she was treated with antibiotics for a bacterial co-infection. Her RT-PCR test turned negative after five days of treatment, suggesting faster virus clearance in children","qid":47,"docid":"5sgfx7oq","rank":32,"score":8.348099708557129},{"content":"A qualitative study conducted by the British Lung Foundation\/Asthma UK partnership aimed to identify concerns of people with long-term respiratory conditions in the UK regarding the impact of COVID-19. The study analyzed 7,039 free text responses from individuals with asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease, or other lung diseases. Four main themes emerged: vulnerability to COVID-19, anticipated experience of contract","qid":47,"docid":"pwoe3p1p","rank":33,"score":8.297599792480469},{"content":"A simulation study using a multistate and hazards model found that stage IV oral cancer patients who did not receive treatment had disease progression and higher mortality rates compared to treated patients without COVID-19. Patients who received treatment and contracted COVID-19 had the highest mortality rate. The study suggests that isolating and deferring treatment for stage IV oral cancer patients to avoid hospital visits and COVID-19 infection is a viable strategy.","qid":47,"docid":"54d3p49g","rank":34,"score":8.25570011138916},{"content":"A simulation study using a multistate and hazards model found that stage IV oral cancer patients who did not receive treatment had disease progression and higher mortality rates compared to treated patients without COVID-19. Patients who received treatment and contracted COVID-19 had the highest mortality rate. The study suggests that isolating and deferring treatment for stage IV oral cancer patients to avoid hospital visits and COVID-19 infection is a viable strategy.","qid":47,"docid":"jqkp8u5v","rank":35,"score":8.255699157714844},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for the estimated one billion people with disabilities worldwide, particularly the over 60 age group at highest risk. Compliance with preventative measures and access to healthcare are major concerns. Disabled people may face difficulties with social distancing and carer support, and are at greater risk of morbidity and mortality if infected. Ongoing healthcare needs must be addressed, and new disabilities resulting from the pandemic require care. Good","qid":47,"docid":"t38qv5py","rank":36,"score":8.247099876403809},{"content":"The passage is a summary of a Cochrane review update assessing the effects of in-service emergency care training on health professionals' treatment of seriously ill newborns and children in low-income countries. The review identified two relevant studies from the original review, which suggested that health professionals are more likely to resuscitate newborns correctly and may reduce neonatal mortality after training. The second study indicated that health professionals are more likely to be well-prepared to resusc","qid":47,"docid":"16b8drw2","rank":37,"score":8.137999534606934},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant risk to people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) due to healthcare disparities and multimorbidity. This guidance aims to help community teams and inpatient psychiatric settings care for individuals with IDs. Topics covered include hospital passports, individual care plans, family and carer involvement, decision-making capacity, social distancing, mental health and challenging behavior, and caring for those suspected or confirmed with COVID-19. The guidance","qid":47,"docid":"bis2arbu","rank":38,"score":8.084099769592285},{"content":"During a study in rural Nepal from 2011-2014, 55 out of 3,693 women (16.4 cases per 1,000 person-years) were diagnosed with Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that can cause severe lower respiratory tract disease. Twenty-five of these cases occurred during pregnancy. Women with HMPV during pregnancy had a higher risk","qid":47,"docid":"fz30r73d","rank":39,"score":8.045299530029297},{"content":"Children, while generally more resilient to COVID-19 than adults, may still experience disease burden, particularly in vulnerable infants and young children. Preliminary research suggests that neurotropic factors may play a role in neuropsychological outcomes in children with COVID-19, especially those with comorbid physical or mental disorders. Researchers are investigating the neural impact of COVID-19 through symptom descriptions, genomic and transcriptomic levels, neurological manifestations","qid":47,"docid":"1wrwxb9b","rank":40,"score":8.018699645996094},{"content":"Children, while generally more resilient to COVID-19 than adults, may still experience disease burden, particularly in vulnerable infants and young children. Preliminary research suggests that neurotropic factors may play a role in neuropsychological outcomes in children with COVID-19, especially those with comorbid physical or mental disorders. Researchers are investigating the neural impact of COVID-19 through symptom descriptions, genomic and transcriptomic levels, neurological manifestations","qid":47,"docid":"lbsacgr7","rank":41,"score":8.018698692321777},{"content":"The passage is a review summarizing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children. The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 led to a pandemic declared by the WHO, infecting over 1.99 million people and causing over 130,000 deaths as of April 16, 2020. The review focuses on the epidemiology and symptoms of COVID-19 in","qid":47,"docid":"c2iibuqa","rank":42,"score":7.978700160980225},{"content":"The passage discusses the background and aim of a review on COVID-19 in children. As of April 16, 2020, there were 1,991,562 global cases and 130,885 deaths from COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The review focuses on epidemiology and symptoms of COVID-19 in children, who typically present with milder symptoms and better outcomes than","qid":47,"docid":"uvvsiltp","rank":43,"score":7.978699207305908},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impacts on individuals, communities, and societies, with greater risks and complications for those with chronic health conditions like HIV. The economic downturn and mental health challenges intersecting with HIV, particularly in marginalized communities, call for action in understanding and addressing the unique effects of COVID-19 on people with HIV (PWH). This review article outlines the similarities and differences between the COVID-19 and HIV pandemics, describes the current","qid":47,"docid":"53b4lrk2","rank":44,"score":7.9274001121521},{"content":"The passage discusses the global threat of COVID-19, which had infected over 6.9 million people and caused over 400,000 deaths as of June 8, 2020. The first case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread to over 200 countries. With no approved cure, there are concerns about the disease's origin, first-line therapies,","qid":47,"docid":"1ij25a7u","rank":45,"score":7.906499862670898},{"content":"A study of 446 people, including 231 frontline health care workers (HCWs) and 215 non-clinical staff, was conducted to determine if HCWs were at higher risk for contracting pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Of the participants, 17.7% tested positive for the virus. While a higher number of HCWs (19.9%) tested positive","qid":47,"docid":"bri67c94","rank":46,"score":7.8831000328063965},{"content":"A study of 446 people, including 231 frontline health care workers (HCWs) and 215 non-clinical staff, was conducted to assess the risk of contracting pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Of the participants, 17.7% tested positive for the virus. While a higher number of HCWs (19.9%) tested positive compared to non-clinical","qid":47,"docid":"ul8wjrmy","rank":47,"score":7.88309907913208},{"content":"Nine children in Changsha, China, were identified as having novel coronavirus infection between January 8, 2019 and February 19, 2020. Six of these children had a family exposure and the median incubation period was 7.5 days. Initial symptoms were mild, including fever, diarrhea, cough, and sore throat, with two having no symptoms. Two children showed small ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography","qid":47,"docid":"nb8hpst0","rank":48,"score":7.881400108337402},{"content":"Nine children in Changsha, China, were identified as having novel coronavirus infection between January 8, 2019 and February 19, 2020. Six of these children had a family exposure and the median incubation period was 7.5 days. Initial symptoms were mild, including fever, diarrhea, cough, and sore throat, with two having no symptoms. Two children showed small ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography","qid":47,"docid":"txssq1p1","rank":49,"score":7.881399154663086},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to determine what dental schools and dental hygiene programs have done to promote knowledge and skills related to addressing childhood obesity and reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Three studies were identified: one on the lack of essential knowledge and skills among pediatric dentistry residents, another on nutrition-related coursework in a Saudi Arabian dental school, and the third on an \"oral health rotation\" dietetic internship in a","qid":47,"docid":"0d4scwei","rank":50,"score":7.769700050354004},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large Australian children's hospital to present early data on children tested for SARS-CoV-2 according to state health department guidelines. Of the 433 patients tested, four (0.9%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 results, all of whom were not admitted to hospital or developed severe disease. One of the positive cases had a comorbidity of asthma. A high proportion","qid":47,"docid":"ef1qr82d","rank":51,"score":7.742099761962891},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large Australian children's hospital to present early data on children tested for SARS-CoV-2 according to state health department guidelines. Of the 433 patients tested, only 4 (0.9%) had positive results, none of whom were admitted to hospital or developed severe disease. One of the positive cases had a comorbidity of asthma. A high proportion of SARS-CoV","qid":47,"docid":"feyu4bgc","rank":52,"score":7.742098808288574},{"content":"A case-control study was conducted in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, to determine risk factors for watery diarrhea in children under 5 years old during a 2011 outbreak. The study involved 109 cases and 109 controls. Independent protective factors were exclusive breastfeeding for six months, using municipal water, using aqua tablets, and storing water in closed containers. The only independent risk factor was hand washing in a","qid":47,"docid":"qfvm883x","rank":53,"score":7.741199970245361},{"content":"The passage is a literature review summarizing the evidence on aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct and indirect evidence suggests that many otolaryngology procedures are aerosol-generating, increasing the risk of transmission for healthcare workers. Procedures such as tracheotomy, electrocautery, advanced energy devices, open suctioning, and drilling have been identified as a","qid":47,"docid":"f6tr0ntz","rank":54,"score":7.691100120544434},{"content":"The passage is a literature review summarizing the evidence on aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct and indirect evidence suggests that many otolaryngology procedures are aerosol-generating, increasing the risk of transmission for healthcare workers. Procedures such as tracheotomy, electrocautery, advanced energy devices, open suctioning, and drilling have been identified as a","qid":47,"docid":"hjzlj8k3","rank":55,"score":7.691099166870117},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacy education, specifically the restriction of students and interns in hospitals. Four faculty preceptors at a large academic medical institution in Saudi Arabia restructured advanced pharmacy practice experiences in critical care, infectious diseases, cardiology, and internal medicine to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The experience may offer guidance for other pharmacy schools facing similar challenges during the pandemic.","qid":47,"docid":"55ic2g95","rank":56,"score":7.666999816894531},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacy education, specifically the restriction of students and interns in hospitals. Four faculty preceptors at a large academic medical institution in Saudi Arabia restructured advanced pharmacy practice experiences in critical care, infectious diseases, cardiology, and internal medicine to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The experience may offer guidance for other pharmacy schools facing similar challenges during the pandemic.","qid":47,"docid":"hrurl6f2","rank":57,"score":7.666998863220215},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases worldwide has increased, but the disease generally poses a low threat to children. However, the fear of contracting COVID-19 may lead to delayed access to pediatric emergency care. A report from The Children Hospital in Alessandria, Italy, documents a drop in emergency department admissions and four cases of severe pediatric conditions caused by diagnostic delays due to parents' reluctance to seek medical attention due to COVID","qid":47,"docid":"6ro2deuv","rank":58,"score":7.665299892425537},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases worldwide has increased, but the virus does not pose a significant threat to the pediatric population. However, the fear of contracting COVID-19 may lead to delayed access to pediatric emergency care. A report from The Children Hospital in Alessandria, Italy, documents a drop in emergency department admissions and four cases of severe pediatric patients with significant diagnostic delays due to parents' reluctance to seek medical","qid":47,"docid":"nw106tw2","rank":59,"score":7.665298938751221},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has had a significant psychosocial impact beyond its infectious and fatal effects. Fear of the disease, or \"coronaphobia,\" has led to anxiety, panic, hoarding, paranoia, depression, and PTSD. This is exacerbated by an \"infodemic\" of misinformation spread through social media. Racism, stigmatization, and","qid":47,"docid":"5zg5g77w","rank":60,"score":7.66510009765625},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has had a significant psychosocial impact beyond its infectious and fatal effects. This impact includes mass fear, economic burden, and psychiatric manifestations such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Quarantine measures and an \"infodemic\" spread via social media have contributed to these issues, as well as outbreaks of racism and stigmatization. Frontline healthcare workers are also at","qid":47,"docid":"h0yzj1ro","rank":61,"score":7.665099143981934},{"content":"An umbrella systematic review is being conducted to summarize the health outcomes of garden-based interventions for children under 6 years old. The review will search multiple databases for relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses, using a systematic approach with double screening and quality assessment. The review aims to analyze the results narratively and quantitatively, focusing on diverse child health outcomes and aligning with the PRISMA-P statement. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CR","qid":47,"docid":"njrh6apv","rank":62,"score":7.643799781799316},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges countries face in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in relation to people with cardiometabolic diseases. The author highlights concerns about therapeutic uncertainties and potential adverse effects of treatments for these individuals.","qid":47,"docid":"j7u0ztqy","rank":63,"score":7.6149001121521},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges countries face in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in relation to people with cardiometabolic diseases. The author highlights concerns about therapeutic uncertainties and potential adverse effects of treatments for these individuals.","qid":47,"docid":"ykmmtmsn","rank":64,"score":7.614899158477783},{"content":"The passage discusses the complex etiology of kidney injury in COVID-19 patients, which includes both direct damage from the virus and indirect effects from cell-mediated immunity, cytokine storm, and organ cross-talk. Autopsy and biopsy studies have found virions within kidney cells and evidence of podocyte and tubular cell anomalies. Dialysis patients, including children, are at high risk for contracting COVID-19","qid":47,"docid":"h9v5jqfc","rank":65,"score":7.603300094604492},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented economic challenges for the U.S. healthcare system. As the pandemic begins to recede, it's essential to safely resume elective procedures, including orthopedic surgery and total joint arthroplasty. Priorities include patient and staff safety, monitoring COVID-19 supply availability, reducing expenses through contract renegotiations, utilizing ambulatory surgery centers and hospital outpatient departments, adhering to evidence-based practices","qid":47,"docid":"ry7zbp3m","rank":66,"score":7.575399875640869},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant economic challenges for the U.S. healthcare system. As the pandemic begins to recede, there is a need to safely resume elective procedures, including orthopedic surgery and total joint arthroplasty. This can be achieved by prioritizing patient and staff safety, monitoring supply availability, reducing expenses through contract renegotiations and the use of ambulatory surgery centers and hospital outpatient departments, adhering to evidence-based","qid":47,"docid":"yts6sxry","rank":67,"score":7.575398921966553},{"content":"A rapid review of studies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission by children identified limited evidence of direct transmission from infected children, with two reports of infants possibly contracting the virus from parents and two children potentially getting it from school cases. Indirect evidence suggested prolonged virus shedding in stools. Few studies reported COVID-19 outbreaks in schools, and data from population-based studies suggest children may be less likely to be infected. However, more seropre","qid":47,"docid":"a0ivlwax","rank":68,"score":7.567699909210205},{"content":"A rapid review of studies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission by children identified limited evidence of direct transmission from infected children, with two reports of infants possibly contracting the virus from parents and two children potentially getting it from school cases. Indirect evidence suggested prolonged virus shedding in stools. Few studies reported COVID-19 outbreaks in schools, and data from population-based studies suggest children may be less likely to be infected. However, more seropre","qid":47,"docid":"xoi9k314","rank":69,"score":7.567698955535889},{"content":"A recent COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan city, China, poses public health challenges both in China and globally. The article summarizes that coronaviruses are a group of viruses causing illnesses in humans, with six known species associated with human diseases. Previous outbreaks and their countries of origin, along with the number of fatalities and case-fatality rates, are reported. Occupations at risk of contracting COVID-19, such as healthcare","qid":47,"docid":"xqqn1t4e","rank":70,"score":7.5584001541137695},{"content":"A study was conducted in Orange County, California to examine the socioeconomic disparities associated with COVID-19 cases among minorities. The case-series included 210 COVID-19 patients from the University of California, Irvine between March 12 and April 22, 2020. Hispanic\/Latinx patients living in low-income census tracts experienced exponential growth in COVID-19 cases during the study period.","qid":47,"docid":"de6vwlh5","rank":71,"score":7.550000190734863},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 100,000 deaths in the United States and presents a significant opportunity for growth and development in the physical therapy profession. Physical therapists have a crucial role to play in managing COVID-19 patients, particularly in the intensive care unit where they can use their expertise in body positioning and mobilization to counteract the negative effects of recumbency and bedrest, improve gas exchange, and reduce complications. Additionally,","qid":47,"docid":"6i0bmnee","rank":72,"score":7.54640007019043},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 100,000 deaths in the United States and presents a significant opportunity for growth and development in the physical therapy profession. Physical therapists have a crucial role to play in managing COVID-19 patients, particularly in the intensive care unit where they can use their expertise in body positioning and mobilization to counteract the negative effects of recumbency and bedrest, improve gas exchange, and reduce complications. Additionally,","qid":47,"docid":"uo34csav","rank":73,"score":7.546399116516113},{"content":"The COVID-19 transition may negatively impact children's psychological functioning, requiring support for post-transition adaptation. Few resources address this issue, making it crucial to provide strategies for children's adjustment during pre- and post-transition periods. Additionally, screening projects are necessary to identify children with heightened emotional and behavioral issues beyond the COVID-19 transition for targeted interventions.","qid":47,"docid":"9vx482kb","rank":74,"score":7.475100040435791},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the need to address the negative consequences of Covid-19 beyond just reducing infections and treating the ill. It highlights the importance of identifying interventions that improve multiple outcomes simultaneously, or \"accelerators,\" particularly in resource-constrained settings. These accelerators will be crucial for vulnerable groups, such as young children, adolescents, and those with critical needs in multiple areas. The recovery process from the epidemic will be challenging due to limited financial resources,","qid":47,"docid":"bhlp1acq","rank":75,"score":7.463600158691406},{"content":"The Choice and Partnership Approach (CAPA) is a transformational model for community mental health and addictions services for children and adolescents, aiming to match services to needs and improve timely access to care. A realist-informed scoping review will be conducted to understand the implementation and outcomes of CAPA, identify contextual factors influencing implementation, and present key themes in a narrative overview. The search strategy will cover multiple online databases, and all articles will","qid":47,"docid":"dk9ih6w6","rank":76,"score":7.444499969482422},{"content":"A patient with refractory Myasthenia Gravis, undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapies, contracted COVID-19 and recovered successfully after a 14-day quarantine without complications or changes to her treatment. Individualized care is essential for managing Myasthenia Gravis patients with COVID-19.","qid":47,"docid":"ppod1igx","rank":77,"score":7.441500186920166},{"content":"A patient with refractory Myasthenia Gravis, undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapies, contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic. After a 14-day quarantine, she recovered without complications or need for changes to her immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis patients with COVID-19 should be individualized.","qid":47,"docid":"svgknqud","rank":78,"score":7.44149923324585},{"content":"A familial cluster of five COVID-19 cases was studied, three of whom had returned from Wuhan and infected two other family members who hadn't traveled. Symptoms ranged from severe pneumonia to no clinical or radiographic abnormalities. All cases had increasing C-reactive protein levels and ground-glass opacity changes in lungs for some. The study concludes that COVID-19 can be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers during the incubation period","qid":47,"docid":"bgoihr3t","rank":79,"score":7.440400123596191},{"content":"A family cluster of five COVID-19 patients was studied, three of whom had returned from Wuhan and infected the other two family members who hadn't traveled. Symptoms ranged from severe pneumonia to no clinical or radiographic abnormalities. All cases had increasing C-reactive protein levels and ground-glass opacity changes in lungs for some. Conclusion: Asymptomatic carriers can transmit COVID-19 during the incubation period.","qid":47,"docid":"pgtvx6wb","rank":80,"score":7.440399169921875},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in children found that most were exposed to the virus at home, with common symptoms including fever, cough, and sore throat. Asymptomatic cases accounted for 18%. Radiographic findings were varied, with patchy consolidations and ground glass opacities being common, but normal CT images observed in over a third of cases. Antiviral agents were given to most children, and","qid":47,"docid":"dqjwcm0i","rank":81,"score":7.410600185394287},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in children aged 1 day-17.5 years was conducted. Most children (87%) had household exposure to the virus. Common symptoms were fever (53%), cough (39%), and sore throat\/pharyngeal erythema (14%), while 18% were asymptomatic. Common radiographic findings were patchy consolidations (3","qid":47,"docid":"hit7rs6q","rank":82,"score":7.410599231719971},{"content":"The passage discusses a study comparing the health benefits of continuing routine childhood immunizations in Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic to the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infections through vaccination clinic visits. The study used two scenarios to estimate the number of child deaths that could be prevented by routine immunizations and the excess number of SARS-CoV-2 infections that could result from vaccination visits. The findings suggest that for every one excess","qid":47,"docid":"m6qe57he","rank":83,"score":7.406000137329102},{"content":"A systematic review of 22 articles reporting imaging findings in 431 children with COVID-19 revealed that at diagnosis, 34.0% had normal CT scans. Abnormalities were mostly in the lower lobes, unilateral, and presented as ground-glass opacification (62.4%). Lymphadenopathy was not reported, and pleural effusions were rare. Improvement or normal findings were seen in the majority of","qid":47,"docid":"sbfk60wy","rank":84,"score":7.385799884796143},{"content":"A retrospective study of 756 COVID-19 patients who underwent an electrocardiogram (ECG) at hospital admission found that the presence of atrial premature contractions, right bundle branch block or intraventricular block, ischemic T-wave inversion, and nonspecific repolarization were associated with increased odds of death. ST elevation was rare.","qid":47,"docid":"ggrhfpo0","rank":85,"score":7.382999897003174},{"content":"The COVID-19 crisis disproportionately affects people who use drugs due to criminalization, stigma, underlying health conditions, poverty, unemployment, and homelessness. This crisis presents an opportunity to reevaluate the function of punishment, reform the drug system, and end the war on drugs. Recommendations include working with people who use drugs to create a new reality based on solidarity, health protection, rights restoration, and dignity. UN agencies, governments, donors,","qid":47,"docid":"7pk2mb7m","rank":86,"score":7.382800102233887},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the lockdown of approximately 4 billion people in China presented unique information challenges for individuals. Six Chinese families were studied using a resource orchestration perspective to investigate their information behaviors. Two practices, information resourcing activities and adaptation activities, and three mechanisms, online community resilience, overcoming information flow impediments, and absorptive capacity, were identified in the study.","qid":47,"docid":"tr1knchk","rank":87,"score":7.362800121307373},{"content":"A study estimates the number of children infected with COVID-19 in the United States by April 6, 2020, and projects the number of severely and critically ill children requiring hospitalization under different scenarios. By April 6, an estimated 176,190 children were infected, with 74 children admitted to PICUs. Under a moderate scenario, 3.7 million children could be infected, leading to 9,907 hospital","qid":47,"docid":"hdvb2aed","rank":88,"score":7.347700119018555},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, spread globally from an outbreak in Wuhan, China. The virus ranges from mild upper respiratory infection to severe pneumonitis, ARDS, and death. Few cases have been reported in children and infants under 6 months, who generally have a more favorable clinical course. This review summarizes the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 epid","qid":47,"docid":"k3bkgf1g","rank":89,"score":7.300899982452393},{"content":"A renal transplant patient is at higher risk for contracting and experiencing severe outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to their immunosuppressed state. Real-time nucleic acid testing should be performed on deceased and living donors. The primary management strategy for COVID-19 in transplant patients includes modifying immunosuppression and experimental treatments.","qid":47,"docid":"d9z0m2l8","rank":90,"score":7.291399955749512},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic in the UAE, a study was conducted using a web-based survey to assess anxiety levels among parents, teachers, and the general community, as well as identify emotional disorders in children. The survey collected data from 2,200 volunteers on demographics, knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19, anxiety levels using the GAD-7 scale, emotional problems in children using the SDQ, worry and fear about COVID-19, cop","qid":47,"docid":"ihfo778i","rank":91,"score":7.291200160980225},{"content":"A 50-year-old male liver transplant recipient and his wife contracted COVID-19, with the male patient developing severe pneumonia. The clinical course was representative of COVID-19 in transplant patients. His treatment included temporary immunosuppression withdrawal and low-dose corticosteroids, leading to recovery from severe pneumonia.","qid":47,"docid":"0kthumgi","rank":92,"score":7.289299964904785},{"content":"A 50-year-old male liver transplant recipient and his wife contracted COVID-19, with the male patient developing severe pneumonia. The clinical data on COVID-19 in transplant population is limited. The patient's recovery involved temporary immunosuppression withdrawal and low-dose corticosteroids.","qid":47,"docid":"uiw9auzx","rank":93,"score":7.289299011230469},{"content":"A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 children with COVID-19 admitted to 46 North American PICUs between March 14 and April 3, 2020, with follow-up to April 10, 2020. The median age was 13 years, and 52% were male. Most children had preexisting comorbidities, and 73% presented with respiratory symptoms","qid":47,"docid":"6oaks0kl","rank":94,"score":7.277299880981445},{"content":"A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 children with COVID-19 admitted to 46 North American PICUs between March 14 and April 3, 2020, with follow-up to April 10, 2020. The median age was 13 years, and 83% had preexisting comorbidities. Respiratory symptoms were present in 73%, and 38","qid":47,"docid":"bdvnwrd4","rank":95,"score":7.277298927307129},{"content":"The report aims to clarify the best practices for vitamin D supplement use, particularly for older adults at risk of Covid-19. Three recent reports suggest that vitamin D may offer protection against Covid-19. Two reports align with guidelines recommending adequate vitamin D intake (10-20 \u00b5g daily) for older adults, while the third suggests high doses (20-50 \u00b5g daily) for all adults. The lack of mention about","qid":47,"docid":"ipm58ohm","rank":96,"score":7.275899887084961},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges to organ transplantation worldwide, including organ procurement, SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk, screening strategies, and resource capacity. The transplant community faces difficult decisions between initiating immunosuppression and accepting COVID-19 risks or postponing transplants and accepting waitlist mortality. Prioritization of COVID-19 care raises concerns about resource allocation for transplant patients. In the Netherlands,","qid":47,"docid":"863m07vh","rank":97,"score":7.26800012588501},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges to organ transplantation worldwide, including organ procurement, SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk, screening strategies, and resource allocation. The transplant community faces difficult decisions between initiating immunosuppression and accepting COVID-19 risks or postponing transplants and accepting waitlist mortality. The Dutch transplant community response includes a significant decrease in organ donation numbers and detrimental effect on transplant","qid":47,"docid":"ae241pmd","rank":98,"score":7.267999172210693},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on children in India, disrupting various aspects of their lives including health, development, learning, and family economic security. The UN, WHO, UNICEF, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience are raising concerns about the potential long-term consequences and urging action to support children's mental health. The disruptions may lead to mental health issues","qid":47,"docid":"8bu6xadf","rank":99,"score":7.236299991607666},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures are causing significant disruptions to children's lives in India, affecting their health, development, learning, behavior, and families' economic security. The UN, WHO, UNICEF, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience are raising concerns about the long-term consequences for children and urging action to minimize mental health issues through screening.","qid":47,"docid":"swgb2tzx","rank":100,"score":7.23629903793335}]}
{"query":"what are the benefits and risks of re-opening schools in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic?","hits":[{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to school closures in many areas of the US, potentially doubling the amount of out-of-school time for children this year. This extended break from structured learning could worsen the epidemic of childhood obesity and increase disparities in obesity risk. The experiences from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore indicate that social distancing orders may need to be reinstated periodically to control COVID-19 flare-ups,","qid":48,"docid":"x6x6a35w","rank":1,"score":13.667099952697754},{"content":"Researchers Marissa Renardy and Denise Kirschner from the University of Michigan Medical School aim to predict the second wave of COVID-19 infections in Washtenaw County, MI, using mathematical modeling. They apply a discrete and stochastic network-based modeling framework to track every individual in the county, construct contact networks, and simulate Michigan-specific government-mandated closures and social distancing measures. Sensitivity analyses are performed to identify key model","qid":48,"docid":"n1jmqx6m","rank":2,"score":12.199600219726562},{"content":"Unpaid family carers, who provide care to elderly, disabled, and chronically ill family members, are playing a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic while facing increased challenges. With reduced home care services and school closures, family carers are providing more care with minimal support. The authors of this open letter, from the CAREWELL team, call for recognition of family carers' essential role in society and argue that work restrictions during the pandemic offer opportunities for beneficial policies and","qid":48,"docid":"b4r0jyjo","rank":3,"score":11.537199974060059},{"content":"A mathematical model is proposed to help countries decide when to re-open their economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors to consider include healthcare capacity, population size, physical distancing measures, socio-economic disparities, lockdown regulations, and testing accuracy. The model suggests observing the total number of recoveries in relation to total cases to assess the risk of re-opening. The global surge in COVID-19 cases and resulting economic devastation highlight the","qid":48,"docid":"q5efqr7r","rank":4,"score":11.417200088500977},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in Wuhan, China in December 2019, led to various restrictive measures including school closures and lockdowns. However, as research shows children are less likely to spread the virus and have negative consequences from school closures, there is a consideration for re-opening nursery and primary schools. This could be done safely through measures like social distancing, smaller classes, sanitization, and case identification. Policy m","qid":48,"docid":"22y5ewq6","rank":5,"score":11.202799797058105},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in Wuhan, China in December 2019, led to various restrictive measures including school closures and lockdowns. However, as evidence suggests children have mostly asymptomatic or mild cases and are less likely to spread the virus, the negative consequences of school closure on children's social life, education, and mental health are becoming a concern. With many countries entering a phase of lifting containment measures, safely reopening nur","qid":48,"docid":"5eg7hf6r","rank":6,"score":11.202798843383789},{"content":"This study explores the effectiveness of facemasks as a nonpharmaceutical intervention in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in settings where high-technology interventions are not sustainable. Two mathematical models were used to demonstrate that public use of facemasks can significantly reduce the impact of the pandemic. The models show that when facemasks are used consistently, the effective reproduction number can be decreased below 1, leading to epidemic spread mitigation.","qid":48,"docid":"30pl5tx3","rank":7,"score":11.043600082397461},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant challenge for dental professionals, affecting their clinical practices, hospitals, and dental schools due to the risk of cross-infection. This comparative review aims to provide essential knowledge for clinicians before triaging patients, including understanding COVID-19 case definitions and required preparedness before re-opening dental practices. The analysis was based on data from various official webpages up to May 31, 2020. The recommendations and guidance","qid":48,"docid":"nr252oqb","rank":8,"score":10.438799858093262},{"content":"A third of medical students at Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore preferred not to return to the clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with the preference to return included greater autonomous motivation, a stronger sense of professional responsibility, and a lower self-perception of risk to patients.","qid":48,"docid":"jv3afofh","rank":9,"score":10.358099937438965},{"content":"A third of medical students at Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore preferred not to return to the clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with the preference to return included greater autonomous motivation, a stronger sense of professional responsibility, and a lower self-perception of infection risk to patients.","qid":48,"docid":"w1he9ebs","rank":10,"score":10.358098983764648},{"content":"A study using a stochastic model explores the effects of local versus global strategies for re-opening counties after the COVID-19 epidemic curve has been flattened. The local strategy, which re-opens counties based on county-specific infection prevalence, results in fewer person-days of closure but only slightly more COVID-19 cases, even with high inter-county travel. However, both cases and person-days lost to closure increase significantly when county","qid":48,"docid":"rn3aw7wi","rank":11,"score":10.178899765014648},{"content":"The University of the West Indies in Trinidad and Tobago suspended all on-campus teaching due to COVID-19 pandemic, putting undergraduate completion of course content at risk. This article proposes effective teaching and examination strategies for undergraduates during school restrictions, using the introductory digital electronics course of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering as an example. The research aims to show that these strategies maintained student performance at pre-pandemic levels and includes student","qid":48,"docid":"g7onopr1","rank":12,"score":10.045100212097168},{"content":"The passage discusses how the sense of safety and invincibility Americans once had was weakened by the 9\/11 attacks and further eroded by the COVID-19 pandemic. It emphasizes the importance of emotional labor and the public encounter in delivering public services during uncertain times. The author suggests integrating these subjects into public administration education, focusing on the holistic nature of public service and the importance of both emotional and interpersonal competence. Suggestions are given for introducing these","qid":48,"docid":"l0xh4myc","rank":13,"score":10.02400016784668},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of contracting the virus due to high transmissibility and morbidity. Personal protective equipment, specifically N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators (FFRs), help mitigate this risk, but global supply chains cannot currently meet the demand. Effective FFR decontamination methods exist, allowing for re-use and maintaining respiratory protection for HCWs. This passage","qid":48,"docid":"zje20bzz","rank":14,"score":10.002900123596191},{"content":"More than one billion students are affected by school closures due to Covid-19, and the uncertainty of school plans for the upcoming year poses significant challenges for learning and education. Due to the long incubation period of Covid-19, full reopening of schools is impractical until a vaccine is available. A mathematical model was studied to evaluate optimal school opening strategies while minimizing extra Covid-19 cases. The results suggest that blended models with alternating in-","qid":48,"docid":"rd8dqeot","rank":15,"score":9.704899787902832},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of school closures and reopenings on the spread of COVID-19 in Europe, using Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and German states as case studies. The research finds that school closures lead to a reduction in daily hospitalizations or confirmed cases growth rate around 9 days after implementation. Limited school attendance does not significantly affect community transmission. Reopening schools in countries with low community transmission, such as Denmark and Norway, is feasible. However, in","qid":48,"docid":"r2x3awlw","rank":16,"score":9.475899696350098},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the closure of many indoor sports centers due to the virus's ability to spread through close contact and indirect contact with contaminated objects. As part of exit strategies, some governments are allowing a gradual re-opening, but indoor sports centers are often last in line. This technical note discusses the challenges of re-opening these facilities and suggests measures to tackle them, including a certificate of equivalence for centers implementing additional safety measures. Coll","qid":48,"docid":"kne820pv","rank":17,"score":9.385100364685059},{"content":"A child and adolescent psychiatrist shares their experiences and ethical considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has major impacts on children and adolescents beyond physical health, including stress, quarantine, and mourning. The author discusses how their hospital team adapted to the new demands, such as opening a unit for individuals with autism and challenging behaviors affected by COVID-19. They also reflect on the discipline","qid":48,"docid":"u7dgeqoh","rank":18,"score":9.375},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns over aerosolization of viral particles during laparoscopic surgery have led to debates about the safety of minimally invasive approaches. While international society guidelines advise against laparoscopy due to limited evidence, this narrative review examines the risks and benefits of minimally invasive surgery and proposes mitigation measures. The findings suggest that open surgery may not minimize staff exposure to the virus, and minimally invasive approaches offer advantages","qid":48,"docid":"0zj4gm0b","rank":19,"score":9.330699920654297},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to debates about the safety of laparoscopic surgery due to potential viral aerosolization. International societies advise against it, but evidence is limited. A narrative review analyzed the risks and benefits of laparoscopic surgery during the pandemic and proposed mitigation measures. Findings suggest that open surgery may not minimize staff exposure, and minimally invasive approaches offer advantages if proper equipment and expertise are available.","qid":48,"docid":"prkgjvz7","rank":20,"score":9.33069896697998},{"content":"Sweden kept schools open for children up to age 15 during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic while most other countries closed their schools, affecting 91.3% of students globally. Sweden's decision was influenced by potential impacts on healthcare workforce, mild infections among children, and negative consequences for younger children.","qid":48,"docid":"555e3ndo","rank":21,"score":9.249600410461426},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of an individual-based model to predict the impact of various strategies for reopening schools and relaxing lockdown measures in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that with increased testing, contact-tracing, and isolation of infected individuals, a secondary wave of the virus can be prevented across all reopening scenarios. Without these measures, a secondary wave is likely to occur. The findings held true even when the infectiousness of individuals under","qid":48,"docid":"4sxsyr6k","rank":22,"score":9.249199867248535},{"content":"Paramedic intubation is a controversial topic in out-of-hospital care, especially during pandemics like COVID-19. Guidelines recommend intubation for patients suspected of having COVID-19 who require airway protection or invasive ventilation. However, this has renewed the debate about the risks to providers versus the benefits of paramedic-led intubation. This commentary aims to review the evidence on paramedic intubation during the COVID","qid":48,"docid":"mcleen25","rank":23,"score":9.21720027923584},{"content":"A systematic review of 47 studies on COVID-19 transmission by children found that they accounted for a small percentage of cases, had fewer social contacts with high-risk individuals, and may have lower viral loads. Children were rarely the index case in household transmission studies and seldom caused outbreaks. However, children can still transmit the virus, even if they are asymptomatic. The review concludes that children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the COVID-19","qid":48,"docid":"5azti19e","rank":24,"score":9.197799682617188},{"content":"A systematic review of 47 studies on COVID-19 transmission by children found that they accounted for a small percentage of cases, had fewer social contacts with older people, and may have lower viral loads. Children were rarely the index case in household transmission studies and seldom caused outbreaks. However, children can still transmit the virus, even if they are asymptomatic. The review concludes that children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the COVID-19 pandemic and re","qid":48,"docid":"tm9uso6w","rank":25,"score":9.197798728942871},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, specific nutrition therapy recommendations are limited due to a lack of data. Focus should be on critical care nutrition principles adapted for COVID-19. Early EN using standard isosmolar polymeric formulas is recommended, with advancement as tolerated and monitoring for complications. Intragastric EN can be safely provided with prone-positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinicians should consider switching to parenteral","qid":48,"docid":"izhmkii0","rank":26,"score":9.17490005493164},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, specific nutritional therapy recommendations are limited due to a lack of data. Principles of critical care nutrition should be applied with modifications for COVID-19. Early enteral nutrition (EN) using standard isosmolar polymeric formulas is recommended, starting at low doses and advancing as tolerated. Intragastric EN can be safely provided with prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinicians","qid":48,"docid":"abzpfdcu","rank":27,"score":9.133000373840332},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, specific nutritional therapy recommendations are limited due to a lack of data. Principles of critical care nutrition should be applied with modifications for COVID-19. Early enteral nutrition (EN) using standard isosmolar polymeric formulas is recommended, starting at low doses and advancing as tolerated. Intragastric EN can be safely provided with prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinicians","qid":48,"docid":"bq0y7krf","rank":28,"score":9.132999420166016},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have resulted in increased screen time for children and adolescents due to school closures and social distancing measures. Prolonged screen time is linked to health issues like obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. These policies may need to be reinstated during future emergencies.","qid":48,"docid":"bso0gtj1","rank":29,"score":9.121000289916992},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, school closures, lockdowns, and social distancing recommendations have led to increased screen time for children and adolescents. This trend may continue with future emergencies. Excessive screen time is linked to health risks such as obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance.","qid":48,"docid":"nhjz01k8","rank":30,"score":9.120999336242676},{"content":"This article consists of 15 autoethnographical texts from students at Beijing Normal University during the Covid-19 pandemic, collected between February 15 and April 1, 2020. The texts offer insights into students' experiences with virtual learning, university coping mechanisms, and personal feelings and reflections on the pandemic's impact on Chinese international education. The testimonies provide a snapshot of individual experiences during the pandemic but do not offer systemic solutions to global challenges","qid":48,"docid":"wxgs1800","rank":31,"score":9.105199813842773},{"content":"Healthcare facilities are resuming elective surgeries as COVID-19 lockdowns ease. Patients are seeking information about the safety measures in place. Facilities should provide clear, transparent information, including updates on the pandemic situation in the country and the specific control measures being taken.","qid":48,"docid":"uwrzpgrt","rank":32,"score":9.064000129699707},{"content":"In the second phase of COVID-19 lockdown easing, healthcare facilities are resuming elective surgeries to deliver necessary life-saving care. Patients are seeking transparency about the safety measures in place for surgeries. This information should be openly communicated, including updates on the pandemic situation in the country and the control measures taken by the facility.","qid":48,"docid":"y7do987k","rank":33,"score":9.06399917602539},{"content":"This passage discusses a study that aimed to understand the transmission patterns of COVID-19 by examining social contact patterns among different age groups in six Chinese cities. The researchers used a computational model to analyze social contacts in households, schools, workplaces, and public places. They found that the transmission patterns in Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak, were explained by the dispersed distribution of age groups with intensive contacts in households and public places. The study also estimated the transmission","qid":48,"docid":"hp8pswt7","rank":34,"score":9.058799743652344},{"content":"A study examines the social contact patterns among different age-groups in six Chinese cities to understand the underlying transmission patterns of COVID-19. The population was divided into seven age-groups and four settings of social contacts were considered. A contact matrix was computed for each setting and integrated with the next-generation matrix to quantitatively characterize the transmission patterns. The results showed that the social contact-based analysis could explain the disease transmission patterns and associated risks in Wuhan, and estimate the","qid":48,"docid":"skj6jmsg","rank":35,"score":9.058798789978027},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to dental education in the US, with dental schools facing issues such as protecting the health of students, faculty, and staff, ensuring the continuity and quality of education, and maintaining confidence in health and safety measures. Most schools have suspended clinical teaching and implemented social distancing in laboratories. Technology, including distance learning and manikins, offers opportunities for teaching and skills training. Schools should permanently incorporate distance learning into their curricula and provide","qid":48,"docid":"d4tu2k7s","rank":36,"score":9.018400192260742},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to dental education in the US, with dental schools facing issues such as protecting the health of students, faculty, and staff, ensuring the continuity and quality of education, and maintaining confidence in health and safety measures. Most schools have suspended clinical teaching and implemented social distancing in laboratories. Technology, including distance learning and manikins, offers opportunities for teaching and skills training. Schools should permanently incorporate distance learning into their curricula and provide","qid":48,"docid":"nrumr61g","rank":37,"score":9.018399238586426},{"content":"This study compared the relationship between testing metrics, population mortality, and testing coverage in 36 OECD countries and Taiwan. The study found that testing coverage, not population testing number, was highly correlated with population mortality and case fatality rate. A testing coverage threshold of 15-45 was identified as adequate, with insufficient testing coverage leading to exponentially increasing population mortality. The study concluded that testing coverage is a better indicator of testing adequacy and disease","qid":48,"docid":"3jmxamtj","rank":38,"score":9.001700401306152},{"content":"A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affected 52 people from a large school community in Santiago, Chile. A home-delivery, self-administered IgG\/IgM antibody test and survey were conducted from May 4-19 to determine seroprevalence rates and explore transmission dynamics. The antibody positivity rates were 9.9% for students and 16.6% for staff. Younger age, lower grade","qid":48,"docid":"lm29yshl","rank":39,"score":8.959500312805176},{"content":"A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affected 52 people from a large school community in Santiago, Chile. A home-delivery, self-administered IgG\/IgM antibody test and survey were conducted from May 4-19 to determine seroprevalence rates and explore transmission dynamics. The seroprevalence was 9.9% for students and 16.6% for staff. Younger age, lower grade","qid":48,"docid":"wox7pnkr","rank":40,"score":8.95949935913086},{"content":"The American Water Works Association (AWWA) celebrates its 139th birthday during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Water professionals are rising to the challenge by ensuring access to safe, reliable water, which is critical in halting the spread of the virus. Handwashing, a simple yet essential practice, has become a societal obsession due to its importance in personal hygiene and public health. Water utility workers and businesses are considered essential, and utilities are suspending","qid":48,"docid":"sk86rbap","rank":41,"score":8.859600067138672},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare resources and staff availability are under unprecedented strain in the USA and Europe. This affects the treatment of pancreatic cancer, where standard diagnostic methods like endoscopy may be restricted and delays in treatment are not an option due to disease biology. UK clinicians with an interest in pancreatic cancer reached a consensus on management approaches to minimize patient risk and accommodate for healthcare service restrictions. Recommendations include prioritizing treatments","qid":48,"docid":"3ryondlt","rank":42,"score":8.84749984741211},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare resources and staff availability are under unprecedented strain in the USA and Europe. This affects the treatment of pancreatic cancer, where standard diagnostic methods like endoscopy may be restricted and delays in treatment are not an option due to disease biology. UK clinicians with an interest in pancreatic cancer reached a consensus on management approaches to minimize patient risk and accommodate for healthcare service restrictions. Recommendations include prioritizing treatments","qid":48,"docid":"vpz3o29f","rank":43,"score":8.847498893737793},{"content":"A mathematic modeling approach was developed to track the spread of COVID-19 in the United States and three selected states: New York, Michigan, and California. The model uses publicly available data to understand the scope and timeframe of the outbreaks, which is crucial for outbreak control, resource utilization, and returning to normal life. The approach can be applied to other regions or countries.","qid":48,"docid":"kdsbw4ji","rank":44,"score":8.83240032196045},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the impact of extended closure of red-light areas (RLAs) on COVID-19 transmission in five major Indian cities. The model used in the study showed that extended RLA closure could prevent over 90% of cumulative cases and deaths among RLA residents in Kolkata, Pune, and Nagpur, and delay the peak of COVID-19 cases across India by 8 to 23 days. This would result in a","qid":48,"docid":"wjpi5uvz","rank":45,"score":8.79580020904541},{"content":"The CIPOMO, an Italian association of head physicians in oncology departments, conducted a nationwide survey during the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate the impact on clinical activities and implementation of containment measures. 122 head physicians participated, and results showed prompt implementation of protective devices, triage, delayed non-urgent visits, and telemedicine to preserve cancer patient care while minimizing COVID-19 risk. International cooperation is crucial for heavily affected nations","qid":48,"docid":"4pvk3fqn","rank":46,"score":8.779399871826172},{"content":"A new agent-based model named GERDA-1 has been presented to simulate the geospatial and temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effects of various mitigation strategies. The model uses agents representing human beings with demographic information, daily schedules, and risk factors. Encounters between humans are modeled in a time-dependent, georeferenced network. GERDA-1 can predict infection dynamics under normal conditions and test the impact","qid":48,"docid":"k9cpbszs","rank":47,"score":8.779000282287598},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of proning and repositioning awake, non-intubated COVID-19 patients with respiratory compromise to improve oxygenation and reduce respiratory effort based on prior studies and anecdotal evidence from the pandemic. The suggested positions include proning and various reclined positions like right lateral decubitus, seated, and left lateral decubitus. Figure 1 shows the proning and positioning instructions developed at New","qid":48,"docid":"cea0nt8z","rank":48,"score":8.773300170898438},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of proning and repositioning awake, non-intubated COVID-19 patients with respiratory compromise to improve oxygenation and reduce respiratory effort based on prior studies and anecdotal evidence from the pandemic. The suggested positions include proning and various repositioning such as right lateral decubitus, seated, and left lateral decubitus. Figure 1 shows the proning and positioning instructions developed at New","qid":48,"docid":"lqdormg7","rank":49,"score":8.773299217224121},{"content":"The passage discusses the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, starting from its origin in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. The author highlights the Chinese authorities' initial dismissal of Dr. Li Wenliang's warnings about the virus and the subsequent harsh measures they took to contain the outbreak. In contrast, Western countries were slower to respond, and the pandemic soon became a global crisis. The passage also mentions the infodemic of misinformation","qid":48,"docid":"wdnnjlcw","rank":50,"score":8.771699905395508},{"content":"The passage suggests redesigning deliberative democratic exercises to maximize participation by both citizens and experts. This approach benefits citizens by allowing them to contribute to political discussions and be heard by those in authority. Experts, in turn, can bring their expertise to democratic decision-making without the risk of scapegoating or politicization. The focus on dialogue affirms that political decisions reflect value judgments rather than right or wrong answers. The advantages of this form of deliberation, similar to","qid":48,"docid":"4vls1rph","rank":51,"score":8.769100189208984},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of evolutionary biology in medicine and public health, despite a wide gap between the two fields. Benefits of applying evolutionary principles to medicine include the development of technologies like population genetics and phylogenetic analysis, as well as new insights into infectious diseases, aging, and the regulation of bodily defenses. Evolutionary biology challenges the metaphor of the body as a machine and offers a new perspective on health and disease. The article","qid":48,"docid":"sdumq61z","rank":52,"score":8.761099815368652},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, Italian oncology departments implemented measures to ensure continuity of care for patients while minimizing the risk of infection. A national survey conducted by the Collegio Italiano dei Primari Oncologi Medici (CIPOMO) revealed that oncologists promptly adopted protective devices, triaged patients, delayed non-urgent visits, and utilized telemedicine. These actions demonstrate a proactive response to the crisis and highlight the importance","qid":48,"docid":"x7y2xgmo","rank":53,"score":8.75220012664795},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has created gaps in people's lives, affecting everyone. Healthcare providers in New York City, under extreme pressure, have found ways to bridge the gap between traditional medical practices and the new demands of the epidemic.","qid":48,"docid":"0aommdzm","rank":54,"score":8.751999855041504},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has created gaps in people's lives, affecting everyone. Healthcare providers in New York City, under extreme pressure, have found ways to bridge the gap between traditional medical practices and the new demands of the epidemic.","qid":48,"docid":"12kq1sem","rank":55,"score":8.751998901367188},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":48,"docid":"gnaubzah","rank":56,"score":8.730600357055664},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":48,"docid":"hlhhvmtu","rank":57,"score":8.730599403381348},{"content":"The passage discusses the global challenge of ensuring adequate medical equipment for Covid-19 patients, with a focus on regulatory agencies' responses. Regulatory bodies have adjusted their medical device directives to address the pandemic, but experts recommend collaboration between scientists, technology experts, and medical specialists to reassess risk analysis and improve global healthcare. The goal is to provide minimum acceptable performance medical devices while maintaining safety standards. The article aims to highlight technical challenges to prevent operating standards from falling below acceptable care levels due","qid":48,"docid":"0scjnqop","rank":58,"score":8.726200103759766},{"content":"This study aimed to measure child-care obligations for US health-care workers during school closures as a social distancing measure and assess the impact on mortality. Using data from the US Current Population Survey, they found that 28.8% of the health-care workforce needs to provide care for children aged 3-12 years, and 15.0% would still require child care during a school closure. A 15.0% decrease in the","qid":48,"docid":"517s290b","rank":59,"score":8.7253999710083},{"content":"This study aimed to measure the impact of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on the US health-care workforce and assess the importance of their absence due to child-care obligations in undoing the benefits of school closures in reducing the number of cases and mortality. Using data from the US Current Population Survey, the study found that 28.8% of the health-care workforce has child-care obligations for children aged 3-12 years","qid":48,"docid":"xgjd961x","rank":60,"score":8.725399017333984},{"content":"A systematic review of studies on school closures and social distancing practices during coronavirus outbreaks, including COVID-19, was conducted. 16 of 616 identified articles were included. School closures were quickly implemented in mainland China and Hong Kong for COVID-19, but their effectiveness is uncertain. Data from past outbreaks, such as SARS, suggest that school closures did not significantly contribute to epidemic control. Recent modelling studies predict that school","qid":48,"docid":"wsn7y3wr","rank":61,"score":8.707200050354004},{"content":"A systematic review of studies on school closures and social distancing practices during coronavirus outbreaks, including COVID-19, was conducted. 16 of 616 identified articles were included. School closures were quickly implemented in mainland China and Hong Kong for COVID-19, but their effectiveness is uncertain. Data from past outbreaks, such as SARS, suggest that school closures did not significantly contribute to epidemic control. Recent modelling studies predict that school","qid":48,"docid":"y2zcwcic","rank":62,"score":8.707199096679688},{"content":"The passage discusses a framework for monitoring COVID-19 hospitalization data to help local leaders make decisions on relaxing social distancing policies and prevent overwhelming healthcare surges. Using Austin, Texas as an example, the strategy suggests a total of 135 days of sheltering, allowing schools to open in the fall, and resulting in approximately 2929 deaths by September 2021. These numbers represent 29% of the city's annual mortality rate.","qid":48,"docid":"njxqf8bn","rank":63,"score":8.665599822998047},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant mental health risks for children and adolescents due to isolation, contact restrictions, and economic shutdown. Anxiety, lack of peer contact, and reduced opportunities for stress regulation are major concerns, as well as an increased risk for parental mental illness, domestic violence, and child maltreatment. Children and adolescents with special needs or disadvantages are particularly vulnerable. Maintaining regular and emergency child and adolescent psychiatric treatment","qid":48,"docid":"wls59o2w","rank":64,"score":8.661399841308594},{"content":"A study evaluated the impact of small-area lockdowns in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding a significant reduction in human mobility (equivalent to an 11.4% decrease in public transport) and a reduction in the effective reproductive number (Re) of COVID-19 by 0.86 within ten days of implementation. However, the effects were smaller than the early closures of schools and universities, which led to a 40% reduction","qid":48,"docid":"8qr1yp86","rank":65,"score":8.626500129699707},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in total shutdowns in many countries, leading to negative health and economic consequences. As some activities begin to reopen, there is a risk of epidemic relapses before effective vaccines or immunoprophylaxis are available. The Italian Society of Environmental Medicine hypothesized a link between high concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and the severe COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy. A survey by","qid":48,"docid":"2mffm988","rank":66,"score":8.621399879455566},{"content":"A study combined data from a social contact survey and a time-use survey to estimate contact matrices by age group and daily activity. Reductions in time spent were assumed to be proportional to reductions in contacts. The derived matrices were used in a dynamic-transmission model of COVID-19 to explore the effects. The largest impact on reducing the epidemic curve and delaying its peak came from closing schools, workplaces, and stopping social visits. The impact of fewer contacts in","qid":48,"docid":"zkjiixuq","rank":67,"score":8.606100082397461},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted medical research, negatively impacting the career prospects of early-career scientists due to funding restructuring, infection risks, canceled conferences, and delayed experiments. Additionally, school closures and lack of childcare support have presented challenges for researchers with young children. Despite these setbacks, the scientific community has shown flexibility and resilience, and post-pandemic growth and restructuring present opportunities.","qid":48,"docid":"9eqt5pv5","rank":68,"score":8.604999542236328},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the need for preventive measures against COVID-19 in schools, as children may be silent transmitters of the virus and are often in close contact with older individuals at higher risk. The absence of a vaccine or effective treatment makes good hygiene practices, such as hand washing, cough etiquette, disinfection of surfaces, and social distancing, the only weapons against the virus. The passage suggests that an entertainment education intervention for schoolchildren could effectively promote these prevent","qid":48,"docid":"ccx9klxa","rank":69,"score":8.604998588562012},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the need for preventive measures against COVID-19 in schoolchildren due to their potential role as silent transmitters and their close contact with older individuals. The absence of a vaccine or effective treatment makes good hygiene practices, such as hand washing, cough etiquette, disinfection of surfaces, and social distancing, the only weapons against the virus. The author suggests that an entertainment education intervention for schoolchildren could effectively promote these preventive measures and increase confidence in","qid":48,"docid":"ynaum52m","rank":70,"score":8.604997634887695},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that used data from smartphones, consumer surveys, and economic statistics to evaluate the transmission risk and social benefits of closing various categories of US locations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study ranked these categories based on their balance of social benefits and transmission risk, finding that locations with larger declines in visits from February to March 2020 were those that the study indicated should be closed first.","qid":48,"docid":"k408jcow","rank":71,"score":8.587200164794922},{"content":"The essay explores the ethical implications of elderly individuals, aged seventy-two and seventy-one, hiring a laid-off person to shop for their groceries during the pandemic, putting the shopper at risk of infection. The practice is analyzed in terms of treating another person as a means, coercion, exploitation, and complicity.","qid":48,"docid":"obe1i6d7","rank":72,"score":8.553099632263184},{"content":"The essay explores the ethical implications of having a laid-off person shop for groceries for elderly individuals during the pandemic, putting the shopper at risk of infection. The concepts of treating another person as a means, coercion, exploitation, and complicity are considered in this context.","qid":48,"docid":"xablkr83","rank":73,"score":8.553098678588867},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic occurred during economic uncertainties, deepening existing issues in the global economy. To recover, structural reform, new technology, and re-integration are crucial, supported by strong public policies and a new \"global social contract.\"","qid":48,"docid":"hgsckys9","rank":74,"score":8.53909969329834},{"content":"Schools in Norway closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, with limited evidence of transmission reduction but negative consequences. Before reopening, risk assessments for paediatric risk groups were conducted, concluding that most children could attend school with few conditions. This article presents infection prevention guidelines and recommendations for paediatric risk groups in Norwegian primary schools.","qid":48,"docid":"k36e2sob","rank":75,"score":8.529500007629395},{"content":"A case study is presented on how medical schools adapted to conducting a Multiple-Mini Interview (MMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite social distancing measures. The article outlines the methods taken to design and implement a fully remote, online MMI to ensure safety, and discusses the challenges and broader implications of selection processes during the pandemic.","qid":48,"docid":"4tczn96x","rank":76,"score":8.527099609375},{"content":"A case study is presented on how medical schools adapted to conducting a Multiple-Mini Interview (MMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic, when traditional methods were not feasible due to social distancing measures. The article outlines the planning and implementation of a fully remote, online MMI to ensure safety for candidates and assessors. Challenges and broader issues related to medical school selection during the pandemic are discussed, aiming to provide guidance for other institutions facing similar challenges.","qid":48,"docid":"l0n9gjhd","rank":77,"score":8.527098655700684},{"content":"A concern has been raised about the use of laparoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the potential risk of viral transmission with the creation of pneumoperitoneum. However, there is currently no evidence to suggest that viral transmission occurs during surgical treatments, whether open or laparoscopic. There is no consensus on limiting or restricting laparoscopic surgery, but expert recommendations include modifying standard practices to minimize transmission risk, such as using","qid":48,"docid":"cafoic4y","rank":78,"score":8.525099754333496},{"content":"A study used an agent-based model, Covasim, to assess the risks of easing physical distancing restrictions in Victoria, Australia, where community transmission is low. The model simulated transmission risks in various settings like households, schools, workplaces, and community spaces. Policy changes leading to large, unstructured gatherings posed the greatest risk, while smaller, structured gatherings with known individuals posed the least. The model showed that some policy changes could take over two months","qid":48,"docid":"9iaiiqqi","rank":79,"score":8.521100044250488},{"content":"The passage discusses the need to clarify the duties and obligations of healthcare professionals (HCPs) during communicable disease outbreaks, such as SARS and avian influenza, which pose risks to both patients and HCPs. The text highlights that current professional codes of ethics do not provide guidance on this issue. The authors argue that it is essential for organizations representing HCPs to establish clear standards of care during pandemics and for these expectations to be codified","qid":48,"docid":"58czem0j","rank":80,"score":8.510700225830078},{"content":"This commentary discusses the implications of resilience science findings on children and youth in the context of disasters, using the COVID-19 pandemic as an example. Disasters pose multisystem challenges, and the pandemic highlights the significance of a systems definition of resilience. Principles of a multisystem perspective on resilience and its impact on children, families, schools, and communities during disasters are explored. Parallels are drawn between psychosocial resilience","qid":48,"docid":"6pqtr68q","rank":81,"score":8.501700401306152},{"content":"This narrative review summarizes the limited literature on the safety of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids during the COVID-19 pandemic in headache medicine. While there is no clear scientific data to prevent the use of NSAIDs in the general population, corticosteroids should generally be avoided during active COVID-19 infection due to potential prolonged viral shedding and lack of survival benefit, with exceptions","qid":48,"docid":"i44s4vqr","rank":82,"score":8.493599891662598},{"content":"This narrative review summarizes the limited literature on the safety of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids during the COVID-19 pandemic in headache medicine. While there is no clear scientific data to prevent the use of NSAIDs in the general population, corticosteroids should generally be avoided during active COVID-19 infection due to potential risks of prolonged viral shedding and lack of survival benefit,","qid":48,"docid":"oooat8xj","rank":83,"score":8.493598937988281},{"content":"A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted on the use of lopinavir-ritonavir in COVID-19 treatment using the BRAT framework. The study identified limited data on time to clinical improvement and fewer serious adverse events, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, with lopinavir-ritonavir compared to standard of care. However, there was no clear benefit for lopinavir-ritonavir over standard of care","qid":48,"docid":"8v2rpcjd","rank":84,"score":8.479700088500977},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in total shutdowns and significant health and economic consequences in many countries. As some activities begin to reopen, there is concern about potential epidemic relapses before effective vaccines or immunoprophylaxis are available. The Italian Society of Environmental Medicine hypothesized a link between high concentrations of particulate matter and the severe COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy. A survey by the Harvard School of Public Health also suggested an association between increases","qid":48,"docid":"mlmglk8v","rank":85,"score":8.473600387573242},{"content":"A cross-sectional study conducted in April 2020 among 728 Chinese adults found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a mild but significant increase in stressful impact, as indicated by a mean IES score of 21.5, with 25.5% of participants scoring above the threshold for stress. Females and married individuals had higher mean IES scores. The intrusion and avoidance scores were 9.4 and 12","qid":48,"docid":"ghrgj3e5","rank":86,"score":8.465200424194336},{"content":"The article discusses the cultural impacts of COVID-19, focusing on how the pandemic has influenced cultural studies scholarship and shifted patterns of consumption, production, and work for cultural workers. The piece raises questions about the future of culture during and beyond the current state of emergency.","qid":48,"docid":"ttzij9mk","rank":87,"score":8.464300155639648},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to a collaboration between the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) and the University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center (UMMMC) to graduate medical students early and deploy them to UMMMC to address workforce shortages. UMMS accelerated the graduation of fourth-year students two months ahead of schedule, ensuring they met graduation requirements. The commencement and awards ceremony were held virtually. New graduates received a special 90-day","qid":48,"docid":"wpay4ffo","rank":88,"score":8.449199676513672},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is uncertainty regarding the virus's origin, structure, testing, immunity, mask effectiveness, susceptibility, and death rate. Simultaneously, nursing journals have seen an epidemic of manuscripts on COVID-19, but the rejection rate is high.","qid":48,"docid":"5d7zien3","rank":89,"score":8.438699722290039},{"content":"The Association of American Medical Colleges recommended the suspension of patient contact responsibilities for medical students due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving students unsure of how to help. At Harvard Medical School, student leaders formed a COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team to optimize student mobilization and serve as a liaison between students, administration, and hospital leaders. Within a week, over 500 volunteers joined, and students could choose from four virtual committees. The","qid":48,"docid":"xpou33e6","rank":90,"score":8.419500350952148},{"content":"The Association of American Medical Colleges recommended the suspension of patient contact responsibilities for medical students due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving students unsure of how to help. At Harvard Medical School, student leaders formed a COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team to optimize student mobilization and serve as a liaison between students, administration, and hospital leaders. Within a week, over 500 volunteers joined, and students could choose from four virtual committees. The","qid":48,"docid":"ys68z5vx","rank":91,"score":8.419499397277832},{"content":"The passage discusses the global challenge of ensuring adequate medical equipment for Covid-19 patients, with a focus on regulatory agencies' responses. Regulatory bodies have adapted their medical device directives to address the pandemic, but each has done so differently. Experts recommend collaboration between scientists, technology experts, and medical specialists to reassess risk analyses and improve global healthcare. The goal is to provide acceptable medical device performances for Covid-19 patients while maintaining safety standards. Key terms include Covid-","qid":48,"docid":"5wosung0","rank":92,"score":8.41469955444336},{"content":"The passage discusses the hypothesis that certain drugs, including ibuprofen and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, could worsen COVID-19 by increasing the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which the coronavirus uses to enter cells. This theory led to concerns about the safety of using these drugs during the pandemic. However, the article summarizes that the evidence for","qid":48,"docid":"s8b4j0j2","rank":93,"score":8.392399787902832},{"content":"A 53-year-old male with a 7-day history of cough, fever, myalgias, and hypoxia due to COVID-19 is presented. His vital signs include fever, tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, and low oxygen saturation. Chest x-ray reveals multifocal infiltrates. The patient is hypoxic but responds to oxygen supplementation. The question is whether there are any","qid":48,"docid":"h76dfo1j","rank":94,"score":8.388199806213379},{"content":"A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted using the BRAT framework to evaluate the use of lopinavir-ritonavir in severe COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments. Seven papers were included in the assessment. Time to clinical improvement was not significantly different for lopinavir-ritonavir, but there were fewer cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome and serious adverse events with lopinavir-","qid":48,"docid":"3qruat3s","rank":95,"score":8.38759994506836},{"content":"A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted using the BRAT framework to evaluate the use of lopinavir-ritonavir in severe COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments. Seven papers were included in the assessment. There was no significant difference in time to clinical improvement between lopinavir-ritonavir and standard of care. One study reported fewer cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome with lopinavir","qid":48,"docid":"jv8vu2tp","rank":96,"score":8.387598991394043},{"content":"The passage advocates for collaboration among educators, policymakers, and community members to safely reopen schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. It emphasizes the need to disrupt pre-COVID expectations and adopt creative solutions, such as flexible scheduling, remote learning, and health and safety protocols. The author encourages an open-minded approach to innovation and stresses the importance of prioritizing student and teacher safety while ensuring educational continuity.","qid":48,"docid":"101aqyd5","rank":97,"score":8.384400367736816},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has posed numerous ethical questions for a child and adolescent psychiatrist. The author describes how their hospital team adapted to meet new demands, including opening a unit for individuals with autism and challenging behaviors affected by the pandemic. The article also explores how the discipline has sought to promote well-being during quarantine. The author concludes with speculative reflections on the upcoming process of re-op","qid":48,"docid":"lmo0ry4k","rank":98,"score":8.371899604797363},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in physical distancing measures that keep people at home, bringing both benefits and challenges. The impact varies based on age, health, family support, and socio-economic background. In high-income countries like Australia, the elderly were initially at the greatest risk, but protective measures have affected children and families, potentially causing long-term ramifications.","qid":48,"docid":"9d7vxjys","rank":99,"score":8.369999885559082},{"content":"A cross-sectional study conducted in April 2020 among 728 Chinese participants found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a mild but significant increase in stressful impact, as indicated by a mean IES score of 21.5, with 25.5% scoring above the threshold for moderate to severe stress. Females and married individuals had higher mean IES scores. Intrusion and avoidance scores were also elevated, with means of","qid":48,"docid":"93pm0p4w","rank":100,"score":8.366999626159668}]}
{"query":"do individuals who recover from COVID-19 show sufficient immune response, including antibody levels and T-cell mediated immunity, to prevent re-infection?","hits":[{"content":"This study analyzed the immune responses of COVID-19 patients who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both humoral (antibody) and cellular (T cells) immunity were detected in newly discharged patients. However, follow-up patients showed high levels of IgG antibodies but low levels of virus-specific T cells, suggesting they may be in a quiescent state. The findings provide a basis for further research on protective imm","qid":49,"docid":"dptgg05n","rank":1,"score":22.31999969482422},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential threats posed by emerging respiratory coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which can cause severe pneumonia in humans with high morbidity and mortality. While a strong neutralizing antibody response against the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV can protect against infection, there are currently no approved preventive or therapeutic agents available. The acute phase of S","qid":49,"docid":"nj1p4ehx","rank":2,"score":22.131900787353516},{"content":"The passage discusses the background of COVID-19 and its potential impact on multiple sclerosis treatments. The objective is to understand the biology of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and how it affects the use of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis. Monocytes\/macrophages and CD8 T cells play a role in eliminating the virus, but viral escape and infection of leucocytes can lead to lym","qid":49,"docid":"j67b1leq","rank":3,"score":21.374099731445312},{"content":"The passage discusses the background of COVID-19 and its potential impact on multiple sclerosis treatments. The objective is to understand the biology of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and how it affects the use of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis. Monocyte\/macrophages and CD8 T cells play a role in eliminating the virus, but viral escape and infection of leucocytes can lead to lym","qid":49,"docid":"mpf6lxxr","rank":4,"score":21.37409782409668},{"content":"This study examines humoral and circulating follicular helper T cell (cTFH) immunity against the spike glycoprotein (S) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recovered patients with COVID-19. The findings indicate that S-specific antibodies, memory B cells, and cTFH are consistently elicited after infection, demonstrating robust humoral immunity","qid":49,"docid":"5czqzmvj","rank":5,"score":21.13680076599121},{"content":"A study conducted on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection showed that memory CD8 T cells, which are a type of immune cell, persisted for up to 6 years after infection and provided protection against lethal infection even when memory CD4 T and B cells were absent. The researchers demonstrated that memory CD8 T cells specific for certain epitopes (S436 or S525) protected m","qid":49,"docid":"iub5hvz9","rank":6,"score":20.974000930786133},{"content":"The study investigated the role of preexisting T-cell responses in protecting against seasonal and pandemic influenza using data from the Flu Watch Cohort Study between 2006 and 2010. T-cell responses to the influenza A(H3N2) virus nucleoprotein (NP) dominated and strongly cross-reacted with A(H1N1)pdm09 NP in participants without antibodies to A(","qid":49,"docid":"mtm5xocw","rank":7,"score":20.149900436401367},{"content":"Seven families with nine index patients and eight contacts who had discrepant serology results were investigated for humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. All index patients recovered from mild COVID-19, developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and a significant T cell response. Six of eight contacts reported COVID-19 symptoms but were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative, yet developed a SAR","qid":49,"docid":"eml8uilb","rank":8,"score":19.801599502563477},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on immune responses to Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in pigs, focusing on systemic and mucosal responses and protection against re-infection. Findings include the persistence of PEDV RNA in the intestine after shedding stops and protection against virus shedding in previously exposed pigs. The study also identified an increase in PEDV-specific IgA and Ig","qid":49,"docid":"txdawva5","rank":9,"score":19.703699111938477},{"content":"The study demonstrates that both intranasal and parenteral administration of killed pneumococci can generate IL-17A-producing CD4+(T(RM)) cells in the nasal mucosa of mice. These cells provide long-term, neutrophil-dependent protection against pneumococcal nasal challenge, indicating their critical role in prevention of pneumococcal colonization. This finding challenges the prevailing belief that muc","qid":49,"docid":"dxdr6oan","rank":10,"score":19.508499145507812},{"content":"This study analyzed the persistence of SARS-CoV memory T cells in individuals recovered from the infection four years prior. Using various assays, low levels of memory T cell responses to SARS-CoV peptides were detected, with IFN-\u03b3 being the predominant cytokine produced. Memory CD8+ T cells primarily produced IFN-\u03b3, while memory CD4+ T cells produced IFN-\u03b3, IL-2, or TNF-","qid":49,"docid":"anaqgzvi","rank":11,"score":19.292800903320312},{"content":"The passage discusses the interaction between COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) and the immune system, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. Adaptive immune responses, including cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, are crucial for virus clearance but can also contribute to disease progression through excessive inflammation caused by macrophages and their production of IL-6. Macrophage Activation Syndrome may explain high CRP levels. M","qid":49,"docid":"2o3dvi2d","rank":12,"score":19.210599899291992},{"content":"The passage discusses the interaction between COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) and the immune system, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. Adaptive immune responses, including cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, are crucial for virus clearance, but innate immune cells like macrophages may contribute to disease progression by producing excessive inflammation, such as IL-6 and Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Adaptive immune","qid":49,"docid":"p6h7k7ty","rank":13,"score":19.21059799194336},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the role of VCAM-1\/\u03b14\u03b21 integrin interaction in preventing toxoplasmic encephalitis during the reactivation of chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection. The researchers found that in mice with chronic infection, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were present on cerebral vessels. When immune T cells from infected wild-type mice were transferred into infected SCID or nude m","qid":49,"docid":"ubnzkfwz","rank":14,"score":19.09119987487793},{"content":"The passage suggests that acute lung injury in influenza virus infections may be caused by excessive host response, specifically a hyperactive immune reaction from T cells. During the H1N1 2009 pandemic, the use of corticosteroids as immune-modulators was found to improve outcomes in severe pneumonia patients. The authors propose a hypothesis that inducers of the cell-mediated immune response, produced by the innate immune system, can lead to ac","qid":49,"docid":"4q6d048r","rank":15,"score":19.073400497436523},{"content":"Memory CD8 T cells, which can protect against re-infection by some respiratory viruses, have an unclear role in protecting against RSV infection. In a study using a prime-boost immunization approach, pre-existing CD8 T cell memory to RSV led to exacerbated weight loss, pulmonary disease, and lethal immunopathology in mice. This was not epitope-dependent and occurred despite lower viral titers.","qid":49,"docid":"t0ij21io","rank":16,"score":18.998199462890625},{"content":"The passage discusses the continued health issue of influenza in older adults despite vaccination programs. It focuses on the decline in immune response to influenza vaccination in older adults, specifically the T cell response, and how this decline is influenced by increasing frailty and multiple chronic conditions. The production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators is also dysregulated, impacting the generation of an effective CD8 T cell response. Current vaccines provide a weak stimulus to this","qid":49,"docid":"6nsuttwt","rank":17,"score":18.858600616455078},{"content":"Thirty recovered patients with SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections were monitored for two years to study the persistence of antibody and cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses. Robust antibody and CTL responses were detected in all subjects throughout the study period, with a moderate decline one year after symptom onset. Two major CTL epitopes in N proteins were identified. Peripheral lymphocyte counts","qid":49,"docid":"itu39mln","rank":18,"score":18.74959945678711},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 outbreak was reported in Iran in early 2020. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and fatigue. The incubation period is 3-7 days and about 80% of cases are mild or asymptomatic. The immune response involves the production of IgG antibodies against the N protein by day 4 and most patients seroconvert by day 1","qid":49,"docid":"3nnlkbph","rank":19,"score":18.726200103759766},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in early 2020 causing COVID-19 with symptoms including fever, cough, and fatigue. The incubation period is 3-7 days and 80% of cases are mild or asymptomatic. The innate immune system recognizes the virus and induces IgG antibodies against the N protein by day 4, with most patients seroconverting by day ","qid":49,"docid":"vpomgedg","rank":20,"score":18.726198196411133},{"content":"A study analyzed the immunogenicity of T-cell epitopes in the spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and human coronavirus strain 229e (HCoV-229e) for eliciting a T-cell immune response in donors who recovered from SARS-CoV infection. The study found that the number of HLA","qid":49,"docid":"88fv2ea4","rank":21,"score":18.553499221801758},{"content":"A study of 276 COVID-19 patients found that more severe cases were associated with lymphopenia of T, B, and NK cells, but an increase in B cells, plasma cells, and cTfh. IgG levels were lower in severe patients, suggesting consumption due to complement activation or ADCC, with increased activated CD56-CD16+ NK-cells. C3 and C4 protein levels were higher in mild and","qid":49,"docid":"7oaxtrul","rank":22,"score":18.512500762939453},{"content":"A study compared the immune responses of inactivated and DNA vaccines against Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Coronavirus (PHE-CoV) in mice. The inactivated vaccine, made with purified PHE-CoV and aluminum hydroxide gel, induced high levels of humoral immunity and Th2-type response, resulting in good protection against PHE-CoV challenge. The DNA vaccine, using the","qid":49,"docid":"33y3qf20","rank":23,"score":18.4822998046875},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the role of immune factors in clearing SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) during pulmonary infections. The findings suggest that the activation of B cells by CD4+ T cells is necessary for eliminating the virus. Additionally, passive immunization with homologous anti-SARS-CoV antiserum was more effective than heterologous antiserum due to the involvement of mouse phagocytic cells","qid":49,"docid":"52vzwax8","rank":24,"score":18.419200897216797},{"content":"A study using modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) in mice found that low-dose MVA vaccinations can rapidly protect against lethal ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection, with this protection depending on virus-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. The study investigated normal C57BL\/6 mice and mice lacking the interferon alpha\/beta receptor (IFNAR(-\/-)), finding that even","qid":49,"docid":"vdsrdxrn","rank":25,"score":18.228599548339844},{"content":"The passage discusses the immune system's response to six types of pathogens: bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and prions. Innate immunity, including neutrophils, NK cells, NKT cells, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, complement, and microbicidal molecules, prevents or slows infections until adaptive immunity takes effect. Extracellular bacteria are coated in antibodies and cleared using antib","qid":49,"docid":"wpc5dmcz","rank":26,"score":18.225799560546875},{"content":"The study evaluated the CD4 and CD8 marker expression in COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals. While no significant difference was found in the CD4:CD8 ratio, CD4 T-cell frequency, CD8 T-cell frequency, and CD4 mean fluorescence intensity, the CD8 mean fluorescence intensity increased significantly in COVID-19 patients, indicating overexpression of CD8 and hyperactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in","qid":49,"docid":"pjwgrejn","rank":27,"score":18.1737003326416},{"content":"A study evaluated the CD4 and CD8 marker expression in 25 COVID-19 patients and 25 healthy individuals. While the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets were reduced in COVID-19 patients, there was no significant difference in the CD4:CD8 ratio, CD4 T-cell frequency, CD8 T-cell frequency, or CD4 mean fluorescence intensity between the two groups. However, the CD8","qid":49,"docid":"z6ytcze7","rank":28,"score":18.17369842529297},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of a gnotobiotic pig model of rotavirus infection to study protective immunity against enteric viruses. Rotaviruses are a major cause of diarrhea in young animals and humans, and understanding the mechanisms of intestinal immunity and protective immunity in neonates is crucial for developing effective vaccines. The study found that pigs recovering from virulent Wa human rotavirus infection had high numbers of intestinal IgA","qid":49,"docid":"bnjkmegh","rank":29,"score":18.13640022277832},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells for long-term protection against COVID-19. The study examined the functional and phenotypic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in a large cohort, including unexposed individuals and those with acute or convalescent COVID-19. Acute phase T cells were highly activated and correlated with disease severity, while convales","qid":49,"docid":"wdfzrzkt","rank":30,"score":18.104299545288086},{"content":"A personalized workflow is proposed to identify optimal T-cell epitopes for peptide-based vaccines against COVID-19 by targeting conserved viral regions and using an individual's HLA alleles and immunopeptidome. The workflow trains a machine learning model on the immunopeptidome and predicts HLA peptides from conserved SARS-COV-2 regions likely to trigger responses from the person's","qid":49,"docid":"5aqzp5g1","rank":31,"score":18.04800033569336},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of innate immunity in responding to viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS). Innate immune responses are ancient and not specific to pathogens, but rather to molecular structures called Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and their host cell ligands, Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs). The response includes the release of various mediators and the migration of immune cells to the site of","qid":49,"docid":"x3oyp4w5","rank":32,"score":18.043100357055664},{"content":"The passage discusses the presence of pre-existing memory T cells to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with a history of SARS infection and those with no known exposure. The study found that SARS-recovered patients still had memory T cells reactive to the SARS nucleocapsid protein and displayed cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19,","qid":49,"docid":"05djnz4p","rank":33,"score":18.03459930419922},{"content":"A study suggests that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) collected from recovered COVID-19 patients could protect against the virus and strengthen the immune system of new patients. IVIg treatment reduces inflammation and eliminates opportunistic fungal pathogens. The efficacy of IVIg would be improved by using immune IgG antibodies specific to COVID-19 from local recovered patients. Procedures like solvent\/detergent","qid":49,"docid":"d4sjferd","rank":34,"score":17.995800018310547},{"content":"A study suggests using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) collected from recovered COVID-19 patients to protect against the virus and strengthen the immune system of new patients. IVIg treatment can reduce inflammation and eliminate opportunistic fungal pathogens. The efficacy of IVIg would be improved by using antibodies from local recovered patients to increase the chance of neutralizing the virus. Procedures like solvent\/detergent,","qid":49,"docid":"ix4zo0ha","rank":35,"score":17.995798110961914},{"content":"The study compared the immune response to different inactivated and modified live vaccines against PRRS virus in piglets. Twenty-one days after the final vaccination, all piglets were infected with the Lelystad strain of PRRS virus. Group A1, which received the inactivated vaccine Progressis, had the strongest serum antibody response (IgM and IgG) and highest levels of IgG antibodies locally in bronchoalveolar","qid":49,"docid":"tkqxb1ql","rank":36,"score":17.973600387573242},{"content":"The study examined the cellular and humoral immune responses in patients with different severities of COVID-19. Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 had lower frequencies of activated CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells compared to those with moderate disease. However, all patients showed a detectable SARS-CoV-2-reactive T-cell response. Patients with critical COVID-19 demonstrated a stronger response of SARS-CoV-","qid":49,"docid":"in91dr4g","rank":37,"score":17.94879913330078},{"content":"A study was conducted to clarify the significance of a negative QuantiFERON-CMV (QF) result in CMV-seropositive healthy individuals. The QF assay measures cell-mediated immunity against cytomegalovirus (CMV), while the Flow-cytometric Assay of Specific Cell-mediated Immune response in Activated whole blood (FASCIA) measures T-cell proliferation using CMV lysate","qid":49,"docid":"4hgx91xi","rank":38,"score":17.834299087524414},{"content":"A study was conducted to clarify the significance of a negative QuantiFERON-CMV (QF) result in CMV-seropositive healthy individuals. The QF assay measures cell-mediated immunity against cytomegalovirus (CMV), while the Flow-cytometric Assay of Specific Cell-mediated Immune response in Activated whole blood (FASCIA) measures T-cell proliferation using CMV lysate","qid":49,"docid":"b8d6r7tm","rank":39,"score":17.83429718017578},{"content":"Researchers identified that antibodies to a specific complex of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoproteins, gHgLpUL128L, were more effective in neutralizing HCMV infection compared to antibodies to glycoprotein gB. They developed a vaccine using a single polycistronic vector encoding the five pentamer genes, resulting in high levels of recombinant pentamer production. Immunization","qid":49,"docid":"i4e7z0hg","rank":40,"score":17.814899444580078},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of cellular and humoral immunity in the survival of mice infected with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV), which causes chronic demyelination with viral persistence. CD8+ T cells inhibit acute viral replication through perforin-mediated cytolysis in microglia\/macrophages and astrocytes, and IFN-gamma regulation","qid":49,"docid":"acmjghym","rank":41,"score":17.777000427246094},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to increased expression of ACE2 receptors in lung epithelial cells, particularly in ciliated, club, and basal cells. This activation triggers pro-inflammatory signaling, including interferon and cytokine pathways, and causes immune dysregulation. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit higher neutrophil counts and lower T and NK cell counts, along with increased expression","qid":49,"docid":"08p8ns2d","rank":42,"score":17.715299606323242},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of innate immunity in COVID-19 patients and the potential use of Monalizumab as a treatment. Severe COVID-19 cases are associated with weakened immune systems, and functional exhaustion of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells contributes to disease progression. Patients with severe COVID-19 have significantly lower lymphocyte and higher neutroph","qid":49,"docid":"l9mbrdej","rank":43,"score":17.68720054626465},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of innate immunity in COVID-19 patients and the potential use of Monalizumab as a treatment. Severe COVID-19 patients have weakened immune systems, with reduced lymphocyte and increased neutrophil counts. Specifically, CD8+ lymphocytes and NK cells are significantly reduced in severe cases. The NKG2A receptor, which suppresses NK cell function, is over","qid":49,"docid":"tqziaq1m","rank":44,"score":17.687198638916016},{"content":"This passage discusses the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19. SARS-CoV and COVID-19 bind to ACE2 on nonimmune cells, such as respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells, endothelial cells, kidney","qid":49,"docid":"vslevssr","rank":45,"score":17.630300521850586},{"content":"A study identified novel immunogenic targets of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients using the Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS). Eleven of fifteen SARS-CoV-2 antigens were detected, with ORF3b and ORF8 allowing early and specific antibody detection. The N antigen was found to be immuno-dominant. The study suggests that a combination of three","qid":49,"docid":"t9jo76ja","rank":46,"score":17.61079978942871},{"content":"Pre-existing immunity to Ad5-derived vectors in humans is widespread and reduces their efficacy due to neutralizing antibodies, Ad-specific T cells, and type I IFN activated NK cells. Strategies to overcome pre-existing immunity include developing alternative Ad serotypes, varying immunization routes, and utilizing prime-boost regimens. However, these strategies primarily focus on one component of pre-existing immunity. To improve Ad vector development,","qid":49,"docid":"3894l9qi","rank":47,"score":17.587200164794922},{"content":"The passage discusses the development of immunity to viruses through the production of antibodies. Antibodies are proteins identified in serum that provide immunity by recognizing and binding to specific antigens, such as viruses. The diversity of antibodies is explained by clonal selection, where B-lymphocytes with specific receptors for antigens are triggered to reproduce and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. Antibod","qid":49,"docid":"6tgyvmnv","rank":48,"score":17.563100814819336},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential of next-generation influenza vaccines that utilize T cells to provide broader protection against various strains and subtypes of the virus. Animal studies suggest T cells can offer heterosubtypic protection and play a crucial role in immune control of influenza infections. However, challenges exist in realizing a universal T cell vaccine, including extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory, HLA coverage, and potential for T cell-","qid":49,"docid":"e8k72955","rank":49,"score":17.47010040283203},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the impact of an epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell response on murine coronavirus (MHV) infection in the central nervous system (CNS). Mice with CD8+ T cells targeting the gp33-41 epitope showed significantly lower virus titers and reduced viral antigen in the brain compared to control mice. However, these viruses had lost the ability to express EGFP and had","qid":49,"docid":"dwn5pq1d","rank":50,"score":17.467199325561523},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infected millions, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths. Antibodies are expected to play a role in protection against the virus, but little is known about the human antibody response. A study of 149 convalescent individuals found variable neutralizing titers, with most below 1:1000 and only 1% above 1:5000. Cloning of antib","qid":49,"docid":"nhkd88yv","rank":51,"score":17.427799224853516},{"content":"The passage discusses the immune response and immunopathological changes in COVID-19, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Asymptomatic cases are common, but many patients experience a self-limiting viral respiratory disease. Neutralizing antiviral T cell and antibody immunity develops after infection. Severe cases exhibit unique features such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive","qid":49,"docid":"1w7g6dkq","rank":52,"score":17.40679931640625},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate how antibodies from a SARS-CoV vaccine candidate can trigger infection in human macrophages. The researchers found that anti-Spike immune serum increased the infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages by replication-competent SARS-CoV and Spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles. This antibody-mediated infection was dependent on signaling-competent members of the","qid":49,"docid":"a8ntxnmm","rank":53,"score":17.312400817871094},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of germline IgM in preventing chronic virus-induced demyelinating disease using the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) as a model. Antiviral IgM is typically seen as an initial response that gets replaced by more efficient IgG. However, during long-term infection, the immune system needs to mobilize a broad range of antimicrobial effectors to contain the pathogen. In the case of M","qid":49,"docid":"toy3ylym","rank":54,"score":17.28689956665039},{"content":"A non-persistent strain of murine norovirus (MNoV) can persist systemically in mice when dendritic cells (DCs) cannot respond to type I interferon (IFN). This results in higher early viral titers, maintained DC numbers, increased DC activation markers, and enhanced CD8 T cell and antibody responses. CD8 T cell function is preserved during the persistent phase, and adaptive immune cells from persistently infected","qid":49,"docid":"85yd3h2b","rank":55,"score":17.284799575805664},{"content":"Patients who have recovered from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) developed dominant antibodies targeting a specific site in the S2 domain of the coronavirus spike protein. These antibodies effectively neutralized the virus and provided protective immunity. The SARS coronavirus may have a distinct antigenic profile, and identifying the complementary antigens of these antibodies could lead to the design of an epitope-based","qid":49,"docid":"m16xmyv0","rank":56,"score":17.256999969482422},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling, curing, and preventing HIV infection. While antiretroviral therapy can effectively treat HIV, a vaccine is needed to end the epidemic. CD8(+) T cells, which contribute to cellular immunity, have been shown to sustain long-term disease-free and transmission-free HIV control. There is evidence from individuals who naturally control HIV without antiretroviral therapy and precl","qid":49,"docid":"wu2lxfty","rank":57,"score":17.242900848388672},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of copper (Cu) as an essential micronutrient during viral infections, including COVID-19. Copper plays a crucial role in the functions of immune cells such as T helper cells, B cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and macrophages, which are involved in killing infectious microbes and producing specific antibodies. Copper-deficient individuals are more susceptible to infections. Additionally, copper has","qid":49,"docid":"99j9qqg3","rank":58,"score":17.197099685668945},{"content":"The passage suggests that copper, an essential micronutrient, plays a crucial role in the immune system during viral infections, including COVID-19. Copper helps in the functions of immune cells like T helper cells, B cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and macrophages, which are involved in killing infectious microbes and producing specific antibodies. Copper-deficient individuals are more susceptible to infections. Additionally, copper has the ability","qid":49,"docid":"d1nh2dvb","rank":59,"score":17.197097778320312},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, most convalescent individuals had low levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with only a small percentage having high titers. However, all individuals tested had rare but recurring RBD-specific antibodies with potent antiviral activity, suggesting that a vaccine designed to elicit such antibodies could be effective.","qid":49,"docid":"79891dfu","rank":60,"score":17.14590072631836},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, most convalescent individuals had low levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with only a small percentage having high titers. Antibody sequencing revealed the presence of expanded clones of RBD-specific memory B cells expressing closely related antibodies in different individuals, despite low plasma titers. These antibodies neutralized the virus at IC50 values as low as single digit nanogram","qid":49,"docid":"gof2of9o","rank":61,"score":17.145898818969727},{"content":"This passage discusses the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19. SARS-CoV and COVID-19 bind to ACE2 on nonimmune and immune cells, while MERS-CoV binds to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (","qid":49,"docid":"lqdgvsaq","rank":62,"score":17.121599197387695},{"content":"A DNA vaccine called pNGVL4a-hCRTE6E7L2, which encodes calreticulin fused to HPV-16 E6, E7, and L2 proteins, was developed to address the urgent need for a safe and effective treatment for HPV-associated tumors in immunocompromised and normal patients. The vaccine induced greater HPV-specific immune responses when administered via intramuscular injection followed by electrop","qid":49,"docid":"okpdkjd3","rank":63,"score":17.104299545288086},{"content":"A study was conducted on the immune status of lymphocytes in clinically recovered COVID-19 individuals, compared to a healthy donor group. The recovered group had lower frequencies of CD8+ T cell subsets Tc1, Tc2, and Tc17, as well as a decreased frequency and lower PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells. Memory B cells in the recovered group had a lower proportion of isotype-switched memory B cells","qid":49,"docid":"avhxj8jk","rank":64,"score":17.08930015563965},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings of a study on the immunogenic profile of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in individuals recovered from COVID-19. The study found that serological antibody responses against the spike protein are common after infection and correlate with neutralizing activity and the ability to block ACE2\/RBD interaction. Memory B cells and circulating T follicular helper cells (cTFH) specific to the spike protein were","qid":49,"docid":"fwn97wds","rank":65,"score":17.066699981689453},{"content":"This study investigates the memory CD8+ T cell responses to SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in recovered patients and healthy individuals. Recovered SARS patients showed recall responses to newly identified spike protein-derived epitopes (SSp-1, S978, and S1202) over a year post-infection. Five healthy donors without SARS-CoV contact history also exhibited recall-like","qid":49,"docid":"vnzp9cno","rank":66,"score":17.06399917602539},{"content":"The passage discusses the discovery of an early immunosuppressive component in the innate response to infections. Infected cells upregulate the CD47 \"don't eat me\" signal, which slows phagocytosis and downstream antigen-presenting cell functions. This upregulation occurs in response to stimulation of endosomal and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and is also induced by pro","qid":49,"docid":"0vz0ilkj","rank":67,"score":17.06279945373535},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings of a study on the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, specifically focusing on T-cell reactivity in COVID-19 convalescent patients and healthy donors. The results suggest that T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were more pronounced in healthy donors during the pandemic, indicating possible cross-reactivity. Two SARS-CoV-2 epitopes were identified","qid":49,"docid":"ioihqf0r","rank":68,"score":17.060699462890625},{"content":"A study used the attenuated Orf virus strain D1701 to create a recombinant virus (D1701-VrVp40) expressing Borna disease virus nucleoprotein p40. This recombinant protected rats against Borna disease and cleared the virus from the brain, even 4 and 8 months after immunization. The immune response included B cells, antibody-producing plasma cells, and","qid":49,"docid":"p4evg1xb","rank":69,"score":17.045299530029297},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic lacks vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, or effective treatments. Active vaccination takes time to develop an immune response. Immediate passive immunity can be obtained from recovered COVID-19 patients through the use of their autologous antibodies, which can be administered after a 2-week recovery period.","qid":49,"docid":"w8c3ma8l","rank":70,"score":17.043800354003906},{"content":"The brain maintains immune privilege to protect normal tissue from high immune responses. However, immune responses are induced to antigens in the brain, including those from cerebral malignancies. Spontaneous antitumor responses are insufficient to eradicate malignant astrocytomas due to low response induction and tumor-mediated immunosuppression. The goal is to use immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity, requiring a high","qid":49,"docid":"9dc375mu","rank":71,"score":17.037500381469727},{"content":"The passage discusses the development of vaccines against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens, which is a coronavirus causing respiratory disease and nephritis. IBV replicates in various tissues and can persist in chickens. Live attenuated IBV vaccines were introduced in the 1950s, followed by inactivated vaccines for boosting protection in egg-laying birds. Live vaccines provide","qid":49,"docid":"94dughd1","rank":72,"score":17.006799697875977},{"content":"The chapter explores the role of various immunological factors in the recovery of a host from infections. These include antibodies, T cells, natural killer cells, complement, phagocytes, and interferon. T-cell-mediated immunity is particularly crucial for recovering from intracellular microbial infections, as evidenced by the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages in infected tissues. Inflammation, which","qid":49,"docid":"s9vh337n","rank":73,"score":16.99920082092285},{"content":"Regulatory T (Treg) cells help limit pathology during Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in immunodeficient mice by suppressing innate immune responses. Treg cells did not affect IAV replication but reduced monocyte\/macrophage accumulation and delayed MCP-2 induction in the lungs. However, Treg cells could not prevent severe disease in lymphocyte-deficient hosts due to ongoing IAV","qid":49,"docid":"wbnm7v27","rank":74,"score":16.986299514770508},{"content":"A study was conducted on the immune responses of adult female Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at four roosts in south-central Texas. The study examined both innate and adaptive immune responses using bactericidal ability and T cell mediated response to mitogenic challenge. Results showed that bactericidal activity varied with roosting ecology and was lower in bats from one cave. T cell mediated response was higher in","qid":49,"docid":"77xij0fc","rank":75,"score":16.98200035095215},{"content":"The passage discusses the immune response and immunopathological changes in COVID-19, which is currently a global pandemic. Asymptomatic cases are common, and most patients experience a self-limiting viral respiratory disease. However, high viral load and repeated exposure can lead to severe disease, including lymphopenia, eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, lung damage, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome","qid":49,"docid":"fczf3lzc","rank":76,"score":16.941099166870117},{"content":"The passage discusses a study investigating immune responses to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in patients during the acute and convalescent phases of infection. At the acute phase, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines\/chemokines and high frequencies of MERS-reactive CD8+ T cells were observed in patients with severe\/moderate illness, while antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses were","qid":49,"docid":"98m2qy49","rank":77,"score":16.909099578857422},{"content":"Twenty hospitalized COVID-19 patients with typical symptoms and reduced lymphocyte numbers exhibited expansion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and development of neutralizing antibodies in 16 patients. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody levels correlated with neutralizing antibody titers. Higher","qid":49,"docid":"um9lv53e","rank":78,"score":16.908998489379883},{"content":"Nine individuals with HIV-1 and suppressed blood viremia, while on ART and bNAb therapy during interruption, showed increased HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. These responses were due to new reactivity and expansion of pre-existing ones, suggesting enhanced HIV-1-specific T cell immunity with bNAb therapy. The potential impact of these augmented T cell responses on viral control is yet to be","qid":49,"docid":"3vynbdli","rank":79,"score":16.88759994506836},{"content":"A study was conducted to evaluate the role of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies in preventing memory CD8 T cell-mediated immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. High-magnitude memory CD8 T cells can reduce lung viral titers but induce fatal immunopathology. Neutralizing antibody treatment prior to RSV challenge reduced morbidity and mortality, restricted early virus replication, and decreased","qid":49,"docid":"mbeyduzy","rank":80,"score":16.876800537109375},{"content":"The study investigated the effectiveness of passive immunization in protecting na\u00efve cats against Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) infection by transferring antibodies from recovered cats. Ten SPF cats were passively immunized with plasma from Mhf-recovered cats, while five control cats received plasma from na\u00efve SPF cats. Passively immunized cats were not protected against Mhf infection but showed higher RBC osmotic fragility, B","qid":49,"docid":"1uw8xcxw","rank":81,"score":16.87540054321289},{"content":"Vitamin E, a lipid-soluble antioxidant, is crucial for immune cell function in the elderly, who are at risk for insufficient intake. Supplementation enhances immune responses, including delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody production, mediated by increased IL-2 production and decreased prostaglandin E2 formation. Vitamin E boosts na\u00efve T-cell capacities for cell division and IL production, but not memory","qid":49,"docid":"d2wru211","rank":82,"score":16.853200912475586},{"content":"Mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus JHM develop an immune-mediated demyelinating disease in the central nervous system similar to multiple sclerosis. Demyelination is not detected in T or B cell-deficient mice but occurs after transfer of JHM-specific T cells. Antibodies may also contribute to myelin destruction as suggested by the presence of oligoclonally expanded B cells and high concentrations of antibodies in","qid":49,"docid":"k9dl79kc","rank":83,"score":16.835899353027344},{"content":"Mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus JHM develop an immune-mediated demyelinating disease in the central nervous system similar to multiple sclerosis. Demyelination is not detected in T or B cell-deficient mice but occurs after transfer of JHM-specific T cells. Antibodies may also contribute to myelin destruction as suggested by the presence of oligoclonally expanded B cells and high concentrations of antibodies in","qid":49,"docid":"xjpev4jw","rank":84,"score":16.83589744567871},{"content":"The study evaluates the protective efficacy of a live-attenuated B. mallei (CLH001) vaccine against glanders and melioidosis in the C57BL\/6 mouse strain. The vaccine provided 100% survival against B. mallei challenges and cross-protection against B. pseudomallei with low bacterial burden. Immunization induced strong humoral responses, specifically IgG subclasses, and","qid":49,"docid":"ube8ytcp","rank":85,"score":16.793399810791016},{"content":"A multiple sclerosis patient with ongoing fingolimod therapy recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection with moderate symptoms in 15 days. Despite low circulating lymphocytes, high levels of CCL5, CCL10, and antibody-secreting B cells were detected. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were expanded and apoptosis-prone upon stimulation. This study indicates that fingolimod-suppressed","qid":49,"docid":"03dzqten","rank":86,"score":16.76919937133789},{"content":"A multiple sclerosis patient with ongoing fingolimod therapy recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection with moderate clinical features in 15 days. Despite low circulating lymphocytes, high levels of CCL5, CCL10, and antibody-secreting B cells were detected. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were expanded and apoptosis-prone upon stimulation. This study indicates that fingolimod-supp","qid":49,"docid":"5mk4jcn6","rank":87,"score":16.769197463989258},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of understanding the role of the immune response in dengue infections and the lack of mathematical models focusing on this aspect. The authors present minimal within-host dengue models to identify critical components of the innate and adaptive immune response in primary and secondary dengue infections. A simple target cell limited model shows that the innate immune response is sufficient for primary infections, while a higher rate of viral infectivity and T cell-mediated","qid":49,"docid":"njaw5mra","rank":88,"score":16.765199661254883},{"content":"Researchers studied the immune response of COVID-19 patients by analyzing the transcriptional profiles and V(D)J recombination of CD3+ and CD19+ lymphocytes from severe patients, recovered patients at early and late stages, and healthy people. They found that T lymphocytes were decreased in COVID-19 patients but remained inflamed, and a potential transition from effector CD8 T cells to central memory T cells occurred in","qid":49,"docid":"yrfcqf4b","rank":89,"score":16.744400024414062},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the presence of SARS-specific T cells in three individuals who had recovered from SARS infection 9 and 11 years prior. All detected memory T cell responses targeted the SARS-CoV structural proteins, specifically the M and N proteins. Two CD8+ T cell responses were characterized and found to persist up to 11 years post-infection without cross-reactivity to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus","qid":49,"docid":"m7nij17v","rank":90,"score":16.716899871826172},{"content":"Heterologous immunity (H.I.), also known as cross-reactive immunity, is the altered response to a new antigen after encountering a previous one. This can occur at the innate or adaptive immune system level, with viruses being a significant inducer of T cell-mediated H.I. This immunity can provide protection against various virus subtypes, related or unrelated viruses, pathogens, auto- or allo-antig","qid":49,"docid":"hotxaou2","rank":91,"score":16.710500717163086},{"content":"Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) defies common beliefs about persistent viruses, as it is a highly cytocidal virus that establishes a lifelong, viremic persistence in mice despite normal immune responses. LDV targets a renewable, nonessential population of macrophages, which are specifically responsible for clearing muscle type LDH and some other enzymes. The virus replicates in various","qid":49,"docid":"5ka9909n","rank":92,"score":16.70560073852539},{"content":"The passage discusses the concept of heterologous immunity, which refers to the impact of previous immune responses to unrelated pathogens on the current immune response to a new pathogen. This process can result in enhanced or diminished protective immunity and altered immunopathology. The text explores the role of T-cell cross-reactivity and epitope matrices from various viruses in eliciting cross-reactive CD8+ T-cell responses. The study demonstr","qid":49,"docid":"v3q9tvyv","rank":93,"score":16.693700790405273},{"content":"In this study, the authors found that during Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) infection, mice with a deficiency in Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) had increased early viral replication in the liver but cleared the virus by day 12, similar to wild type mice. FGL2 is an effector molecule of regulatory T cells that inhibits immune activity by binding to FC\u03b3","qid":49,"docid":"e10gvk0h","rank":94,"score":16.68549919128418},{"content":"A study suggests that antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) not only neutralize viruses but also have immunomodulatory effects that enhance endogenous antiviral immunity. Mice infected with FrCas(E) retrovirus and treated with a neutralizing mAb showed long-lasting protective immunity, while those without treatment developed leukemia and non-protective immune responses. The administered mAb formed immune","qid":49,"docid":"6co97g5p","rank":95,"score":16.586700439453125},{"content":"The study reports the safety and immunogenicity of a novel genetically-modified chimpanzee adenovirus (PanAd3-RSV) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA-RSV) vaccine in healthy older adults (60-75 years) against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The vaccines were well-tolerated, and the older adults showed comparable humoral and cellular immune responses to younger","qid":49,"docid":"zbc6tbdc","rank":96,"score":16.5802001953125},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the protective effects of the glutamine antagonist DON (6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine) in mice with Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis. The study found that DON treatment delayed the onset of paralysis and death in mice, associated with reduced lymphocyte proliferation, decreased leukocyte infiltration, lower levels","qid":49,"docid":"9a058w8d","rank":97,"score":16.568899154663086},{"content":"The passage discusses the questions surrounding immunity-based protection against COVID-19, specifically why some infected individuals have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, why delayed and weak antibody responses are linked to severe outcomes, and why a positive molecular test does not necessarily indicate the presence of protective antibody IgG. The text suggests that T cell responses may hold the answer to these questions and that studying SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells can help advance the development","qid":49,"docid":"rs79r7kc","rank":98,"score":16.529800415039062},{"content":"The passage discusses the questions surrounding immunity-based protection against COVID-19 and the potential role of T cells in providing protective immunity. While SARS-CoV-2 induces severe symptoms such as pneumonia and lymphopenia, some infected individuals have mild or no symptoms, and delayed or weak antibody responses are associated with severe outcomes. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in molecular tests does not necessarily indicate the presence of protective antib","qid":49,"docid":"rsz7ch2a","rank":99,"score":16.52979850769043},{"content":"The passage summarizes the identification of extensive immune disturbances in severe COVID-19 cases, involving neutrophils, NK cells, monocytes, T and B cells, and plasmablasts, which distinguish dysregulated host responses and warrant further investigation.","qid":49,"docid":"mdsjbfmx","rank":100,"score":16.479799270629883}]}
{"query":"what is known about an mRNA vaccine for the SARS-CoV-2 virus?","hits":[{"content":"A mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, was the first to begin clinical trials in March 2020 as part of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The production of mRNA vaccines is a recent development and holds promise, but there are challenges in developing and testing them quickly for COVID-19, necessitating international collaboration. The","qid":50,"docid":"xbze5s3c","rank":1,"score":11.555299758911133},{"content":"A study used topic modeling analysis on coronavirus-related literature from the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset to identify research hotspots on COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections. Eight topics emerged: clinical characterization, pathogenesis research, therapeutics research, epidemiological study, virus transmission, vaccines research, virus diagnostics, and viral genomics. COVID-19 research focuses more on clinical characterization, epidemiological study, and virus transmission","qid":50,"docid":"3wuh6k6g","rank":2,"score":11.18850040435791},{"content":"Researchers are actively looking for antiviral treatments for COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, to alleviate symptoms and save lives. This mini-review discusses the structure and features of SARS-CoV-2 that could be exploited for antiviral therapy and vaccine development. It also covers some antiviral agents and supportive therapies being repurposed or tested as potential treatments for COVID-19.","qid":50,"docid":"050fdtm8","rank":3,"score":11.070099830627441},{"content":"Researchers are actively looking for antiviral treatments for COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, to alleviate severe symptoms and potential life-threatening complications. This mini-review summarizes the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2's structure and features, which could be exploited for antiviral therapy and vaccine development. The article also highlights some antiviral agents and supportive therapies being repurposed or tested","qid":50,"docid":"u3xxshqw","rank":4,"score":11.070098876953125},{"content":"The passage discusses the effectiveness of Chinese medicine in treating Covid-19 based on its previous use during the SARS epidemic in 2003. According to a WHO report, Chinese medicine was used preventively and therapeutically alongside Western medicine during the epidemic and proved to be significantly effective. In the current Covid-19 outbreak, about 60,000 patients were treated with Chinese medicine in the Wuhan region alone. The paper summarizes recommendations","qid":50,"docid":"pb3r74uq","rank":5,"score":11.053000450134277},{"content":"The discovery of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 highlighted the significance of studying how coronaviruses emerge, infect, and cause disease. Researchers are comparing SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to gain insights into their similarities and differences, which could impact pathogenesis. This article discusses what is known about each virus and the remaining gaps in understanding, particularly regarding MERS","qid":50,"docid":"inxp2qb4","rank":6,"score":10.927800178527832},{"content":"Researchers analyzed over 200,000 exomes of the ACE2 gene, revealing variations in a specific part of the gene that is expected to alter the shape or functionality of the ACE2 protein, which interacts with SARS-CoV-2. These variants may decrease the protein's ability to interact with the virus, potentially affecting vulnerability to COVID-19. The research provides insight into the role of the ACE2 gene in vir","qid":50,"docid":"p7drekee","rank":7,"score":10.917400360107422},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused a worldwide pandemic in 2020, spreading mainly in Europe and Asia. This virus, responsible for COVID-19, is different from previous coronaviruses like SARS and MERS, presenting higher transmission rates and challenges for diagnostic methods, treatments, and vaccines. The C++ application Coronavirus.pro identified structural, non-structural, and accessory proteins in the SAR","qid":50,"docid":"ll76vrr3","rank":8,"score":10.896300315856934},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing mutation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, and the potential implications for the transmission, duration, and severity of the disease. While the extent of adaptation is uncertain, continued analysis is essential for informing public health measures.","qid":50,"docid":"ig0rnbqb","rank":9,"score":10.828399658203125},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected over 2 million people and resulted in over 145,000 deaths as of April 17, 2020. The duration and strength of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are not yet known, which is crucial for managing the pandemic, easing social distancing measures, and optimally deploying vaccines. Four seasonal human","qid":50,"docid":"ipw96f03","rank":10,"score":10.791999816894531},{"content":"Researchers are exploring currently approved drugs to determine their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, with the goal of prioritizing antiviral activity for clinical trials. They are also testing drug combinations to reduce the emergence of resistant viruses. Results should be interpreted with caution due to limitations of the in vitro model, and successful antivirals will be tested in animal models and potentially used as treatments for infected patients or pre-exposure proph","qid":50,"docid":"ywaefpe8","rank":11,"score":10.776599884033203},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected over 2.1 million people and resulted in 145,000 deaths as of April 17, 2020. The duration and strength of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are not yet known, which is crucial for managing the pandemic, easing social distancing measures, and optimally deploying vaccines. Four seasonal","qid":50,"docid":"fzdmcahf","rank":12,"score":10.758899688720703},{"content":"The passage discusses how protein structures of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, specifically the spike protein, solved through cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography often lack the representation of sugar molecules or glycans on their surfaces. Researchers are now focusing on adding these missing sugars to gain a better understanding of the virus's biology and aid in the development of vaccines and treatments. Andrea Thorn, a structural","qid":50,"docid":"fayr38c7","rank":13,"score":10.71500015258789},{"content":"A study used immunoinformatics to design a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2's spike glycoprotein. Various tools were employed to predict T and B cell epitopes, which were filtered based on antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and cytokine inducibility. Thirteen epitopes, an adjuvant, sub-cellular trafficking elements, a secret","qid":50,"docid":"q77da2y3","rank":14,"score":10.665300369262695},{"content":"A SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1273, was developed using atomic-level structures and prefusion-stabilizing mutations to improve expression and immunogenicity of the spike protein. The vaccine induces both neutralizing antibodies and CD8 T cell responses in mice, protecting against infection in lungs and noses without immunopathology. It is currently in a Phase 2 clinical trial with plans for","qid":50,"docid":"1v0f2dtx","rank":15,"score":10.548600196838379},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has spread rapidly and predominantly transmits through the respiratory route. Evidence suggests it may also be an enteric virus, capable of infecting the gastrointestinal tract and spreading via the fecal-oral route, contributing to the pandemic's rapidity and proliferation.","qid":50,"docid":"9rg9xe57","rank":16,"score":10.537400245666504},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to evolve, and as the number of patients increases, it's crucial to disseminate accurate information. However, the influx of patients has made it challenging for clinicians to interpret and apply new knowledge. Two emerging clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection with potential long-term relevance are coagulation and lipids.","qid":50,"docid":"cyopezdr","rank":17,"score":10.44909954071045},{"content":"A study using computational approaches scanned the SARS-CoV-2 genome for putative miRNas and predicted their targets on both the virus and human genome, as well as host miRNAs targets on the virus genome. The results showed that the immune response and cytoskeleton organization were regulated by infection-modulated miRNAs. Notably, hsa-miR-4661-3p was predicted to","qid":50,"docid":"nk0wie0w","rank":18,"score":10.413299560546875},{"content":"A new vaccine candidate, ShaCoVacc, for COVID-19 was developed using spike-encoding mRNA inside and spike protein on the surface of virus simulating particles (VSPs) derived from lentiviral particles. The vaccine induced strong humoral immune responses and potent neutralizing activities after a single injection. The epitopes of spike-specific antibodies were identified using peptide microarray, revealing susceptible neutralizing epitopes.","qid":50,"docid":"ptvsie6m","rank":19,"score":10.396400451660156},{"content":"This article aims to clarify various claims and controversies regarding COVID-19, including the origin of the virus, the effect of ibuprofen and nicotine on severity, the role of fomites and ethnic minorities, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on children and mortality rates between countries.","qid":50,"docid":"41378qru","rank":20,"score":10.373100280761719},{"content":"This article aims to clarify various claims and controversies regarding COVID-19, covering topics such as the origin of the virus, the effect of ibuprofen and nicotine on severity, fomites and ethnic minorities, children's role in transmission, and mortality rates between countries. The article intends to provide accurate scientific information amidst rumors and falsehoods.","qid":50,"docid":"ipl6189w","rank":21,"score":10.373099327087402},{"content":"This article aims to clarify various claims and controversies regarding COVID-19, including the origin of the virus, the effect of ibuprofen and nicotine on severity, the role of fomites and ethnic minorities, and the impact of COVID-19 on children and mortality rates between countries.","qid":50,"docid":"l2wzr3w1","rank":22,"score":10.373098373413086},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is believed to be caused by a new zoonotic virus, SARS-CoV-2. Initial investigations suggest this origin.","qid":50,"docid":"dv9m19yk","rank":23,"score":10.36240005493164},{"content":"This study describes the use of point-of-care lung ultrasound in three neonates diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lung ultrasound was performed at the time of diagnosis and every 48 hours during the first week, revealing B-lines, consolidation, and spared areas. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion was observed. The authors conclude that lung ultrasound could be valuable","qid":50,"docid":"pab56xyd","rank":24,"score":10.361599922180176},{"content":"A study explored the use of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as a platform for producing SARS-CoV-2 antigens to develop an effective vaccine. The researchers analyzed untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs to enhance protein production and identified an optimal combination, NASAR, which was more efficient than endogenous UTRs. NASAR mRNAs delivered by lipid-derived nanoparticles showed significant","qid":50,"docid":"aju2nr9x","rank":25,"score":10.361100196838379},{"content":"A study investigated the antiviral activity of Liu Shen capsule (LS), a traditional Chinese medicine, against SARS-CoV-2 using Vero E6 cells and Huh-7 cells. LS inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication, reduced virus particle number, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production at the mRNA level. LS also inhibited the expression of key proteins in the N","qid":50,"docid":"xg8tmibr","rank":26,"score":10.306699752807617},{"content":"The passage discusses the structural and functional similarities between the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift signals of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Both viruses utilize a unique three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot to promote frameshifting and control protein expression. Altering frameshift activity impairs virus replication, making it a potential","qid":50,"docid":"mk7992xk","rank":27,"score":10.297300338745117},{"content":"The passage discusses the structural and functional conservation of the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift signal in SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 utilize a unique three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot for programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift (PRF), which stim","qid":50,"docid":"yxiacesg","rank":28,"score":10.2972993850708},{"content":"The passage discusses the lack of research on enlightening Nigerians about the causes, drug development targets, and repositioning for COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is a \u03b2 coronavirus that causes symptoms like dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, tiredness, fever, loss of taste and smell. The virus targets the ACE2 receptor for entry and has structural proteins","qid":50,"docid":"ddt5qmls","rank":29,"score":10.27810001373291},{"content":"The passage discusses the hypothesis that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into human cells due to the increased expression of ACE2 receptors. ACE2 receptors are abundant on type 2 pneumocytes, which are responsible for alveolar surfactant synt","qid":50,"docid":"mi0pmyo4","rank":30,"score":10.262800216674805},{"content":"The passage discusses the hypothesis that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into human cells due to the increased expression of ACE2 receptors. However, there is no clinical evidence to support this theory, and some studies suggest that ARBs may actually be beneficial by blocking the detr","qid":50,"docid":"mclozg5p","rank":31,"score":10.237899780273438},{"content":"The passage discusses the global focus on developing COVID-19 vaccines due to the pandemic, and how previous research on other coronavirus vaccines has provided valuable information. However, there are knowledge gaps that need to be addressed, some specific to SARS-CoV-2 and others fundamental to immunology and vaccinology. Despite these challenges, the progress made in COVID-19 research is remarkable, and there is optimism about the rapid development of a vaccine.","qid":50,"docid":"hotn7qha","rank":32,"score":10.225899696350098},{"content":"The passage discusses the global focus on developing a COVID-19 vaccine in light of the pandemic, and how previous research on other coronavirus vaccines has provided valuable information. However, there are knowledge gaps specific to SARS-CoV-2 and fundamental to immunology and vaccinology that need to be addressed. Despite these challenges, the progress made on COVID-19 research is remarkable, and the authors are optimistic about the rapid development of a vaccine. The article","qid":50,"docid":"tdvb0fhv","rank":33,"score":10.225898742675781},{"content":"This commentary discusses the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children based on literature and national data. It explores reasons for the less frequent and benign nature of the infection in children and considers their potential role in the COVID-19 pandemic. The piece concludes by emphasizing the importance of seeking further evidence and containment strategies to manage the virus spread.","qid":50,"docid":"5gio6ruj","rank":34,"score":10.204000473022461},{"content":"A study investigated the antiviral activity of Liu Shen capsule (LS), a traditional Chinese medicine, against SARS-CoV-2 using Vero E6 cells and Huh-7 cells. LS inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication, reduced virus particle numbers, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production at the mRNA level. LS also inhibited the expression of key proteins in the N","qid":50,"docid":"ir5mv8q0","rank":35,"score":10.185700416564941},{"content":"This review discusses the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on antibody responses and the immunogenicity of leading vaccine candidates. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 patients offer insights into vaccine design. Recombinant proteins are the most immunogenic vaccine candidates but are not part of the initial \"Warp Speed\" efforts. Adverse events are a concern,","qid":50,"docid":"khfiy0m2","rank":36,"score":10.171600341796875},{"content":"This review discusses the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on antibody responses to infection and the immunogenicity of leading vaccine candidates. Recombinant proteins are the most immunogenic but not part of the initial \"Warp Speed\" vaccines. Adverse events are a concern, with past experiences from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV vaccines considered. Out","qid":50,"docid":"y883anmp","rank":37,"score":10.171599388122559},{"content":"MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV are highly pathogenic human coronaviruses that inhibit host gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MERS-CoV nsp1, like SARS-CoV nsp1, negatively regulates host gene expression by inhibiting translation and inducing mRNA degradation. However, MERS-CoV nsp1 uses a different strategy, selectively targeting mRN","qid":50,"docid":"xeu35i0n","rank":38,"score":10.159700393676758},{"content":"A study using SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudovirus system confirmed that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into 293\/hACE2 cells is mainly through endocytosis, and PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for this process","qid":50,"docid":"dqour5jr","rank":39,"score":10.084500312805176},{"content":"A study using SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudovirus system confirmed that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into 293\/hACE2 cells mainly occurs through endocytosis, with PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L being critical for this process","qid":50,"docid":"dtwstwbe","rank":40,"score":10.08449935913086},{"content":"The passage expresses concerns about the potential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2, which can amplify viral infections or trigger immunopathology. No clear differentiators exist between severe viral infections and immune-enhanced diseases, and in vitro systems and animal models cannot accurately predict ADE risk. Comprehensive studies are needed to define clinical correlates of protective immunity against SARS-CoV","qid":50,"docid":"x73moqog","rank":41,"score":10.063199996948242},{"content":"The passage discusses several coronavirus vaccine candidates using new technologies, specifically the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) platform. The Yale team behind this technology developed a promising SARS coronavirus vaccine and is now using it for SARS-CoV-2. Another connection of theirs is CaroGen, a spinoff company with an engineered virus platform also being used against SARS-CoV-2. Both projects are aiming for F","qid":50,"docid":"zwf26o63","rank":42,"score":10.047599792480469},{"content":"The ESPNIC organization launched the EPICENTRE registry, an international initiative to study the epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of pediatric and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. With participation from centers worldwide, EPICENTRE aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 in this population, particularly focusing on critical care issues. This registry is the first of its kind, dedicated to neonatal and pediatric SARS","qid":50,"docid":"pzf6a26k","rank":43,"score":9.95009994506836},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a major public health concern with increasing cases and mortality rates. This article summarizes essential information for orthopedic surgeons, including the virus's microbiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Additionally, measures to control the pandemic, maintain urgent duties, and protect healthcare workers are discussed.","qid":50,"docid":"9pmix2zq","rank":44,"score":9.869199752807617},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019, is a major public health concern with increasing cases and mortality rates. This article summarizes essential information for orthopedic surgeons regarding the microbiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, and diagnosis of COVID-19. Additionally, measures to control the pandemic, maintain urgent duties, and protect healthcare workers are discussed.","qid":50,"docid":"bbnbnwte","rank":45,"score":9.8691987991333},{"content":"A purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (PiCoVacc) elicits potent neutralizing antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 strains in animals, providing complete protection in non-human primates without immunopathology.","qid":50,"docid":"m1bvurwi","rank":46,"score":9.815999984741211},{"content":"The passage discusses the interaction between coronaviruses (CoVs) and the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway in eukaryotic cells. CoVs, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV, are cytoplasmic RNA viruses with unique features that little is known about in terms of host regulation. NMD is a RNA surveillance pathway that identifies and degrades","qid":50,"docid":"o14tiixx","rank":47,"score":9.701700210571289},{"content":"A proposed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategy identifies conserved regions and new adaptations of the virus as potential epitopes for a vaccine. Sixty-five peptide sequences are presented, targeting MHC class I and II, dissimilar from human proteome, and predicted B cell epitopes. These epitopes are found in evolutionarily divergent regions of the spike protein and a novel furin cleavage site. This strategy","qid":50,"docid":"qq22z25y","rank":48,"score":9.694000244140625},{"content":"SARS-CoV, the virus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome, induces IFN-\u03b1 and -\u03b3 expression in lymphomonocytes (PBMC) from healthy donors, regardless of viral replication. The virus triggers a dose-dependent accumulation and release of both IFNs, with IFN-\u03b1 peaking at 24 hours and IFN-\u03b3 continuing to increase at 48 hours. No infectious virus or new","qid":50,"docid":"zstmdt4n","rank":49,"score":9.678500175476074},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for effective vaccines against the highly mutable SARS-CoV-2 virus is crucial due to its high mortality rate and the approximate 1 to 10 ratio of deaths to survivors. The experience with RNA viruses like HIV, influenza, and HCV suggests that creating improved vaccine formulas annually will be necessary. A promising solution is the development of 'universal' vaccines containing conservative SARS-Co","qid":50,"docid":"mxcfkyui","rank":50,"score":9.672100067138672},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for effective vaccines against the highly mutable SARS-CoV-2 virus is crucial due to its high mortality rate and the approximate 1 to 10 ratio of deaths to survivors. The experience with RNA viruses like HIV, influenza, and HCV suggests that creating improved vaccine formulas annually will be necessary. A promising solution is the development of 'universal' vaccines containing conservative SARS-Co","qid":50,"docid":"xeq0dq6u","rank":51,"score":9.672099113464355},{"content":"In late 2019, Wuhan, China became the epicenter of a global pandemic caused by the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus likely originated from a seafood market through zoonotic transmission and quickly spread to neighboring cities and countries via travelers and human-to-human transmission. Over 200,000 people have been infected","qid":50,"docid":"43gik8e3","rank":52,"score":9.671299934387207},{"content":"In late 2019, Wuhan, China became the epicenter of a global pandemic caused by the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus likely originated from a seafood market through zoonotic transmission and quickly spread to neighboring cities and countries via travelers and human-to-human transmission. Over 200,000 people have been infected","qid":50,"docid":"9yenf9w3","rank":53,"score":9.67129898071289},{"content":"The passage is a consensus statement from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) regarding clinical best practices for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The statement acknowledges the rapid spread of COVID-19 and the need for preparation to manage the anticipated surge in critically ill patients. The goals of the document are to provide information on COVID-19's impact on liver patients and healthcare providers and to develop clinical recommendations and","qid":50,"docid":"8dsmw464","rank":54,"score":9.63860034942627},{"content":"The passage is a consensus statement from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) regarding clinical best practices for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The statement emphasizes the rapid spread of COVID-19 and the need for preparation to mitigate its impact on liver patients and healthcare providers. The goals of the document are to provide information on COVID-19 and its potential effects on liver patients and providers, and to offer recommendations","qid":50,"docid":"im5lqh6d","rank":55,"score":9.638599395751953},{"content":"The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a significant threat to global health, and vaccination is an effective prevention method. Scientists are working on developing 2019-nCoV vaccines based on previous experience with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Progress includes identifying candidate antigens, establishing animal models, and designing vaccines. Types of vaccines include inactivated, recom","qid":50,"docid":"4nrpcado","rank":56,"score":9.635100364685059},{"content":"The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a significant threat to global health, and vaccination is an effective prevention method. Scientists are working on developing 2019-nCoV vaccines based on previous experience with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Progress includes identifying candidate antigens, establishing animal models, and designing vaccines. Types of vaccines include inactivated, recom","qid":50,"docid":"binxayw2","rank":57,"score":9.635099411010742},{"content":"The UK abandoned widespread testing and tracing of COVID-19 carriers in March due to widespread community spread, and instead relied on lockdowns to contain the virus. However, this strategy is unsustainable and it's unclear how to exit the lockdown without risking second waves. The authors argue that testing and tracing, when used in conjunction with lockdowns, leads to significant cost savings. They present a policy optimization model that suggests a combination of tracing and lockdown","qid":50,"docid":"73dwlakt","rank":58,"score":9.629400253295898},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infected millions, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths. Antibodies are expected to play a role in protection against the virus, but little is known about the human antibody response. A study of 149 convalescent individuals found variable neutralizing titers, with most below 1:1000 and only 1% above 1:5000. Cloning of antib","qid":50,"docid":"nhkd88yv","rank":59,"score":9.624799728393555},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is causing widespread illness and is a global health emergency. Some individuals are more susceptible to the virus due to differences in viral subspecies they are infected with. Overcoming the pandemic may involve naturally attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants, which have the potential to be less virulent. Live, attenuated viruses have been used in vaccines for other pandemics. SARS-CoV","qid":50,"docid":"9fnghyn4","rank":60,"score":9.612000465393066},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of Withanone and Withaferin-A, compounds found in Ashwagandha, as potential inhibitors of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. The study used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to examine the binding potential of these compounds to TMPRSS2 and found that they could both bind and interact","qid":50,"docid":"4nat5olo","rank":61,"score":9.610600471496582},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of Withanone and Withaferin-A, compounds found in Ashwagandha, as potential inhibitors of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. The study used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to examine the binding potential of these compounds to TMPRSS2 and found that they could both bind and interact","qid":50,"docid":"xoeokhrd","rank":62,"score":9.610599517822266},{"content":"Scientists worldwide are working on treatments and vaccinations for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with uncertainty surrounding which approaches will be effective. The coronavirus's unknown characteristics make finding successful therapies a challenge, requiring a trial-and-error approach. Listen to the Stereo Chemistry podcast for more information at cenmag\/coronapodcast.","qid":50,"docid":"m5brxspf","rank":63,"score":9.591300010681152},{"content":"A study was conducted on a COVID-19 patient twenty-one days after the onset of the disease to understand the development of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Forty-five monoclonal antibodies specific to the envelope glycoprotein spike (S) of the virus were generated. Most of these antibodies had undergone minimal somatic mutation and showed limited clonal expansion. Two of these antibodies neutral","qid":50,"docid":"7ati571p","rank":64,"score":9.577400207519531},{"content":"A study was conducted on a COVID-19 patient 21 days after the onset of symptoms to analyze the development of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Forty-five monoclonal antibodies specific to the envelope glycoprotein spike (S) were generated, which had undergone minimal somatic mutation and limited clonal expansion. Three of these antibodies bound to the receptor-binding domain (","qid":50,"docid":"g4qak0bu","rank":65,"score":9.577399253845215},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of understanding the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp10-nsp16 heterodimer complex, which is essential for capping viral mRNA transcripts in the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This complex helps ensure efficient translation and immune evasion. The first structure of this complex with S-adenosylmethionine was solved at a resolution of 1.80","qid":50,"docid":"ywia2ok7","rank":66,"score":9.554100036621094},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, most convalescent individuals had low levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with only a small percentage having high titers. However, all individuals tested had rare but recurring RBD-specific antibodies with potent antiviral activity, suggesting that a vaccine designed to elicit such antibodies could be effective.","qid":50,"docid":"79891dfu","rank":67,"score":9.55210018157959},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, most convalescent individuals had low levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with only a small percentage having high titers. Antibody sequencing revealed the presence of expanded clones of RBD-specific memory B cells expressing closely related antibodies in different individuals, despite low plasma titers. These antibodies neutralized the virus at IC50 values as low as single digit nanogram","qid":50,"docid":"gof2of9o","rank":68,"score":9.552099227905273},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is causing widespread health issues worldwide, and the reason for varying infection outcomes may be due to differences in viral subspecies. Overcoming the pandemic may involve naturally attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants, which could be monitored using advanced sequencing technologies. Live, attenuated virus vaccines, which were used for earlier pandemics, could be a potential solution, but their development may take a year","qid":50,"docid":"kh54yctx","rank":69,"score":9.550700187683105},{"content":"A cluster of unknown pneumonia cases linked to a Wuhan market led to the identification of a new Betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in late 2019. The virus, which causes COVID-19, spread rapidly to other provinces in China and countries, leading to public health measures such as \"cordon sanitaire,\" declaration of a Public Health Emergency, and social distancing. The virus is a zoonotic coronavirus","qid":50,"docid":"qkl2yiqa","rank":70,"score":9.545100212097168},{"content":"A cluster of unknown pneumonia cases emerged in Wuhan, China, linked to a seafood and animal market in late December 2019. A new Betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified as the cause. The virus spread rapidly to other provinces in China and countries, leading to a \"cordon sanitaire\" in Wuhan, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern declaration, and the naming of the disease","qid":50,"docid":"tswojeuv","rank":71,"score":9.545099258422852},{"content":"A study mapped the antibody repertoire of a retrospective cohort of 538 individuals against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, identifying 15 major B cell epitopes. Several epitopes were located in the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of S, including those spanning the ACE2-binding site and fusion\/entry domains of HR1 and HR2. Some of these epitopes have cross-","qid":50,"docid":"w98i9l5i","rank":72,"score":9.541299819946289},{"content":"A systematic review aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Twenty-four studies were included, indicating that children have a lower observed case rate than adults but may have similar infection rates. Limited data suggest children have milder symptoms and can be asymptomatic, but severe cases and transmission dynamics are not well understood.","qid":50,"docid":"998lscmk","rank":73,"score":9.53219985961914},{"content":"A rapid spread of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, was identified in China in late 2019 and has since become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. With over 75,000 confirmed cases and 2,200 deaths (as of February 20, 2020), there are currently no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines available. This article discusses strategies and candidate","qid":50,"docid":"m88ha8ry","rank":74,"score":9.527299880981445},{"content":"The passage introduces SARS-CoV-2 as a global health issue and discusses ten important questions about the virus and COVID-19, acknowledging the limited data and the need for further research to answer these questions and fill gaps in our knowledge. The questions cover various aspects of the virus, including its pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development. The authors rely on existing research but emphasize the importance of continued studies to provide accurate and up-to-date","qid":50,"docid":"l7riy8ox","rank":75,"score":9.508099555969238},{"content":"The passage introduces SARS-CoV-2 as a global health issue and discusses 10 important questions about the virus and COVID-19, acknowledging the limited data and the need for further research in areas such as pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development.","qid":50,"docid":"tst7ss76","rank":76,"score":9.508098602294922},{"content":"The passage discusses the possibility that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19, may not only be transmitted through the respiratory route but also via the fecal-oral route, making it a potential enteric pathogen. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is highly contagious and stable in the environment. Evidence suggests that related viruses in","qid":50,"docid":"yyfuu197","rank":77,"score":9.494099617004395},{"content":"The virus-host relationship of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, is not set up for complete elimination of either party. Resistant individuals will always exist in the host population, and the virus cannot eliminate the host population as it is an obligate intracellular parasite. New viral strains and mutations can lead to epidemics and pandemics, with high mortality rates due to the novel virus's ability to","qid":50,"docid":"hechmemo","rank":78,"score":9.42490005493164},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, is a coronavirus that originated from a zoonotic spillover from horseshoe bats. It is the seventh coronavirus to infect humans and is extensively present in China and India. Genome sequence analysis reveals variations between Chinese and Indian isolates, with the predominant Indian strain belonging to the A2a clad. An in-silico analysis of one Indian strain (MT01","qid":50,"docid":"12540n1s","rank":79,"score":9.421699523925781},{"content":"A bioinformatic analysis was conducted to compare the genetic relatedness of SARS-CoV-2 to known artificial and natural coronaviruses. The study used BLAST and clustalW to align viral sequences and prepared phylogenetic trees using iTOL. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 is unrelated to known artificial coronaviruses, including SL-SHC014-MA15, and supports its","qid":50,"docid":"deajwhx0","rank":80,"score":9.418700218200684},{"content":"A bioinformatic analysis was conducted to compare the genetic relatedness of SARS-CoV-2 to known artificial coronaviruses and natural strains using BLAST, clustalW, and iTOL. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 is genetically distinct from known artificial coronaviruses, supporting its natural origin. The study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 likely originated from bats and may have been","qid":50,"docid":"icwvm7jp","rank":81,"score":9.418699264526367},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has significant public health implications, and understanding the immune response to the virus is crucial for developing therapeutics. The innate immune system's role in protecting against or inducing pathogenesis during SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. This review discusses current knowledge on the innate immune system's role, proposes future study directions, and evaluates potential COVID-19 imm","qid":50,"docid":"1309xyi4","rank":82,"score":9.416299819946289},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has significant public health implications, and understanding the immune response to the virus is crucial for developing therapeutics. The innate immune system's role in protecting against or inducing pathogenesis during SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. This review discusses current knowledge on the innate immune system's role, proposes future study directions, and evaluates potential COVID-19 imm","qid":50,"docid":"ebalebqq","rank":83,"score":9.416298866271973},{"content":"The passage discusses a bioinformatic study on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The study used bioinformatics tools to determine ACE2's cell-specific expression, predict functions, and identify transcriptional regulation. ACE2 was found to have highest expression in the small intestine, with moderate levels in the","qid":50,"docid":"08vsaov7","rank":84,"score":9.400799751281738},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of the informational spectrum methodology to analyze the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was identified in Wuhan, China, and is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The potential receptor for the virus may be ACE2, and Actin protein is suggested as a host factor and potential therapeutic target. Civets and poultry are possible natural reservoirs, and domain","qid":50,"docid":"3bc72zgr","rank":85,"score":9.375800132751465},{"content":"An ongoing study reports on the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the COVID-19 RNA vaccine candidate BNT162b1 among healthy adults aged 18-55. The vaccine, which encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein RBD, led to dose-dependent local reactions and systemic events, generally mild to moderate and transient. RBD-binding IgG concentrations and S","qid":50,"docid":"akbq0ogs","rank":86,"score":9.373600006103516},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been uncertainties regarding the management of non-traumatic surgical emergencies, such as acute appendicitis and cholecystitis. Issues include identifying COVID-19 patients quickly, understanding the impact of abdominal surgical diseases and their treatment on COVID-19 patients, and discussing the role of non-operative treatment for abdominal diseases. This review explores these concerns based on existing","qid":50,"docid":"vnq1fjwy","rank":87,"score":9.35319995880127},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in primary human airway epithelial cultures, causing a strong pro-inflammatory response with the induction of cytokines and chemokines like IL-6, TNF\u03b1, and CXCL8. However, there is no type I or III IFN induction during infection. Pre-treatment or post-treatment with these interferons reduces virus replication and","qid":50,"docid":"2s1io2fg","rank":88,"score":9.312999725341797},{"content":"SARS-CoV infection in 293\/ACE2 cells triggers apoptosis through activation of protein kinase R (PKR) and PERK, leading to eIF2alpha phosphorylation. However, SARS-CoV replication is not impaired by these events, suggesting the virus has a mechanism to overcome the inhibitory effects on viral mRNA translation. The reduction of GCN2 protein during infection is not due to decreased","qid":50,"docid":"rg1z4dul","rank":89,"score":9.310400009155273},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, affecting millions since late 2019, has uncertain effects on pregnant women and newborns. Pregnant women may have a higher risk due to higher ACE2 expression, but preliminary data does not support this. Viral carriage rates vary from 13% to 3%. Vertical transmission risks are unknown, with 3.1% of newborns testing positive within a week. No deaths","qid":50,"docid":"fllqdn4s","rank":90,"score":9.302599906921387},{"content":"A study on the SARS-CoV genome revealed the presence of a three-stemmed mRNA pseudoknot in the frameshift signal region, which is used by coronaviruses to produce fusion proteins. Computational analyses, phylogenetic studies, nuclease mapping, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the presence of this structure. Interactions between the stem structures may cause local distortions in the RNA. The frames","qid":50,"docid":"a22s8xyz","rank":91,"score":9.293299674987793},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for understanding the structures and functions of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins to develop effective vaccines, antibodies, and antivirals. The authors report the high-resolution crystal structure of endoribonuclease Nsp15\/NendoU from SARS-CoV-2 using a high-throughput protein production","qid":50,"docid":"xq1cxrvf","rank":92,"score":9.28499984741211},{"content":"A clinical-stage heparan sulfate mimetic called pixatimod inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 virus by binding to its spike protein S1 receptor binding domain (RBD), altering its conformation, and preventing binding to ACE2 receptors on Vero cells. This inhibition is effective against three different isolates of live SARS-CoV-2 virus and falls within the safe therapeutic dose range.","qid":50,"docid":"rirbg1he","rank":93,"score":9.274800300598145},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for understanding the structures and functions of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins to develop effective vaccines, antibodies, and antivirals. The authors used a high-throughput protein production and structure determination pipeline to produce and determine the high-resolution crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease Nsp1","qid":50,"docid":"o0x269k5","rank":94,"score":9.265600204467773},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for understanding the structures and functions of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins to develop effective vaccines, antibodies, and antivirals. The authors used a high-throughput protein production and structure determination pipeline to produce and determine the high-resolution crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease Nsp1","qid":50,"docid":"vosgahs3","rank":95,"score":9.265599250793457},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, has emerged and spread despite containment measures. With no known effective therapy and a public health emergency, research has focused on repurposing chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 due to its previous inhibition of coronaviruses. Preliminary trials in China have shown encouraging results, leading to new studies on chloro","qid":50,"docid":"da61tfr9","rank":96,"score":9.265299797058105},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, has emerged and spread despite containment measures. With no effective therapy, international health authorities explore chloroquine as a potential treatment due to its previous success against other coronaviruses. Encouraging preliminary trials in China have led to new studies investigating chloroquine's mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 replication.","qid":50,"docid":"ye7l5p8k","rank":97,"score":9.265298843383789},{"content":"A study explores the potential roles of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), a family of calcium-regulated enzymes, in COVID-19. In silico analysis of BioProject transcriptome data from various tissues, including lung biopsies from healthy volunteers and SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, revealed individual variation in PADI isozymes' responses to the virus. PADI","qid":50,"docid":"63umnf0b","rank":98,"score":9.25629997253418},{"content":"A study explores the potential roles of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), a family of calcium-regulated enzymes, in COVID-19. In silico analysis of BioProject transcriptome data from various tissues, including lung biopsies from healthy volunteers and SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, revealed individual variation in PADI isozymes' responses to the virus. PADI","qid":50,"docid":"6khytngb","rank":99,"score":9.256299018859863},{"content":"The study investigated the expression and role of Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human endometrial stromal cell decidualization. ACE2 protein was found to be highly expressed in human endometrial stromal cells during the secretory phase and was essential for decidualization. In vitro experiments showed that ACE2 knockdown inhibited decidualization, and in vivo studies in mice revealed that progesterone increased","qid":50,"docid":"0xyrmk5a","rank":100,"score":9.209500312805176}]}
{"query":"has social distancing had an impact on slowing the spread of COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"A study using cell-phone data analyzed the impact of social distancing on the spread of COVID-19 in U.S. counties. The results showed that social distancing measures have been effective in slowing down the virus's spread based on a difference-in-difference approach. Counties enforcing social distancing policies have seen a decrease in the spread of the virus, providing evidence for policymakers to communicate the benefits of these measures to the public.","qid":10,"docid":"pn02p843","rank":1,"score":14.22659969329834},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a halt in elective surgeries and forced a reevaluation of orthopedic education methods. Social distancing measures have made in-person learning impossible, leading to the need for technologies such as virtual meeting platforms, distance learning, simulation-based training, virtual reality, and augmented reality to enhance orthopedic education in this new reality.","qid":10,"docid":"sb45v082","rank":2,"score":13.715900421142578},{"content":"In March 2020, U.S. state governments implemented social distancing measures to curb the spread of COVID-19. The effectiveness of these strategies is difficult to measure due to limited COVID-19 testing. However, data from smart thermometers shows a correlation between reduced mobility and decreased fever incidences, with a mean lag of 6.5 days. Counties with larger mobility reductions experienced greater fever reductions, except for New York City.","qid":10,"docid":"cb5ebiiv","rank":3,"score":13.668600082397461},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, Peru, experienced near exponential growth in new cases before social distancing measures were implemented, with a reproduction number of 2.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 2.5). After interventions such as school closures, the growth trend shifted to linear, but the number of new cases continues to accumulate, emphasizing the need for stronger distancing and case finding efforts.","qid":10,"docid":"17wpnfao","rank":4,"score":13.56190013885498},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, Peru, experienced near exponential growth in new cases before social distancing measures were implemented, with a reproduction number of 2.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 2.5). After interventions such as school closures, the growth trend shifted to linear, but the number of new cases continues to accumulate, emphasizing the need for stronger distancing and case finding efforts.","qid":10,"docid":"5296m6d8","rank":5,"score":13.561899185180664},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, which implemented social distancing measures after its first case on March 6th, 2020, experienced near exponential growth dynamics in Lima before interventions, with a reproduction number of 2.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 2.5) and a mean scaling of growth parameter of 0.9 (95% CI: 0.9,1.0). School","qid":10,"docid":"5a7ma7nf","rank":6,"score":13.561898231506348},{"content":"The passage discusses the effectiveness of isolation and contact tracing in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in populations with social distancing. The study uses a stochastic transmission model to evaluate the conditions for containment or slowing down of the epidemic. The findings suggest that the proportion of asymptomatic cases and the reduction of non-household contacts are crucial factors. If more than 30% of infections are asymptomatic, contact tracing and isolation cannot achieve containment for","qid":10,"docid":"6a6njt3u","rank":7,"score":13.5201997756958},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using a transmission model to evaluate the impact of self-imposed prevention measures (handwashing, mask-wearing, and social distancing) and short-term government-imposed social distancing on reducing the peak number of COVID-19 diagnoses, attack rate, and delaying the peak. The findings suggest that self-imposed measures are effective in reducing the attack rate and delaying the peak for fast awareness spread, and can prevent a large","qid":10,"docid":"xfjexm5b","rank":8,"score":13.124300003051758},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and related stay-at-home orders have been linked to increased depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness in a nationwide U.S. adult sample. The study found that being under a stay-at-home order was associated with greater health anxiety, financial worry, and loneliness. The perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life was positively associated with health anxiety, financial worry, and social support, but","qid":10,"docid":"c7l88gjn","rank":9,"score":12.841899871826172},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and related stay-at-home orders have been linked to increased depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social isolation, and loneliness in a nationwide U.S. adult sample. The study found that being under a stay-at-home order was associated with greater health anxiety, financial worry, and loneliness. The perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life was linked to increased health anxiety, financial worry, and social support, but decre","qid":10,"docid":"rmv5kg3w","rank":10,"score":12.841898918151855},{"content":"The passage discusses the early impact of COVID-19 and the resulting restrictions on household travel and activities in Australia. When the virus began spreading globally, countries implemented measures to contain it, leading to changes in travel activity for Australian residents. The main restrictions included social distancing, closure of entry to Australia, and closure of non-essential venues. The implications on travel activity were significant due to remote work, job losses, and children attending school online. The passage reports the findings from","qid":10,"docid":"shw3xnu3","rank":11,"score":12.810999870300293},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of an epidemiological model used to inform policy making in France regarding exit strategies from the COVID-19 lockdown. The model, which is a stochastic agent-based microsimulation, examines the impact of post-quarantine measures such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and shielding of vulnerable populations on the disease's cumulative incidence, mortality, and ICU-bed occupancy. The model shows","qid":10,"docid":"smndijko","rank":12,"score":12.75220012664795},{"content":"The passage discusses a modelling study on the impact of mitigation and suppression strategies on the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal. The study found that Senegal has successfully reduced the reproduction number of the virus but further reductions in social contact rates are needed to prevent overwhelming the healthcare system and reduce estimated deaths, which are projected to peak in October and range from 55,270 to 100,700. The study recommends","qid":10,"docid":"x40l8ljx","rank":13,"score":12.714300155639648},{"content":"The passage discusses a stochastic model used to explore strategies for relaxing social distancing and lockdown measures in the UK Covid-19 epidemic. The model identified three doubling periods in the cumulative mortality data, separated by the implementation of social distancing on March 17th and the lockdown on March 23rd. The model simulated viral transmission between interacting individuals using Covid-19 incubation and illness durations, and predicted that under","qid":10,"docid":"ru0av4io","rank":14,"score":12.475299835205078},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to social distancing measures with economic consequences, prompting the need to evaluate strategies for control. An optimal control analysis of a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was conducted, focusing on US data from May 2020 to December 2021. The study found that the pace at which control is relaxed after social distancing restrictions expire in May significantly impacts the number of lives saved and the duration of control.","qid":10,"docid":"lnv8yi9l","rank":15,"score":12.458999633789062},{"content":"A study integrating GPS mobility data and disease statistics from 26 countries over a 5-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic found that social distancing policies explained approximately 47% of the variation in disease transmission rates using gradient boosted trees regression analysis. The study confirms the effectiveness of social distancing interventions in slowing the spread of COVID-19, providing less noisy and more generalizable data than simulation-based studies.","qid":10,"docid":"qekxxsfy","rank":16,"score":12.450400352478027},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of an individual-based model to predict the impact of various strategies for reopening schools and relaxing lockdown measures in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that with increased testing, contact-tracing, and isolation of infected individuals, a secondary wave of the virus can be prevented across all reopening scenarios. Without these measures, a secondary wave is likely to occur. The findings held true even when the infectiousness of individuals under","qid":10,"docid":"4sxsyr6k","rank":17,"score":12.437899589538574},{"content":"A study examining changes in loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic found no significant increase in mean-level loneliness across three assessments. Older adults reported less loneliness overall but had an increase during the acute phase. Individuals living alone and those with chronic conditions reported more loneliness at baseline but did not increase during social distancing. The sample showed resilience and no large increase in loneliness overall.","qid":10,"docid":"nbv7zc4v","rank":18,"score":12.418399810791016},{"content":"A study examining changes in loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic found no significant increase in mean-level loneliness across three assessments. Older adults reported less loneliness overall but had an increase during the acute phase. Individuals living alone and those with chronic conditions reported more loneliness at baseline but did not increase during social distancing. The sample showed resilience and no large increase in loneliness overall.","qid":10,"docid":"zzgiluha","rank":19,"score":12.4183988571167},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social distancing measures have led to reduced travel demand and changes in travel behavior. People may perform fewer out-of-home activities and travel less by public transport due to social distancing. Social distancing can negatively impact subjective well-being and health status by causing social isolation and limiting physical activity. Encouraging active travel, such as walking and cycling, can help maintain health and well-being. Policymakers and planners should","qid":10,"docid":"ocwetgv6","rank":20,"score":12.415900230407715},{"content":"The passage discusses the effectiveness of social distancing measures in Turkey to prevent or slow down the spread of COVID-19 using data from the Johns Hopkins University between March 15 and April 16, 2020. The analysis of the log-linear model shows that social distancing measures can reduce the epidemic size and delay the peak of the outbreak.","qid":10,"docid":"uwix8ftr","rank":21,"score":12.375499725341797},{"content":"A study integrating GPS mobility data and disease statistics data from 26 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic found that social distancing policies explained approximately 47% of the variation in disease transmission rates using a machine learning approach. The findings support the effectiveness of social distancing interventions in reducing the spread of the disease.","qid":10,"docid":"3nanf73b","rank":22,"score":12.251899719238281},{"content":"A study assessed the impact of social distancing measures on COVID-19 transmission and hospital surge in Central Texas using a mathematical model. School closures alone had limited effect, but immediate social distancing reducing non-household contacts by over 75% was necessary to prevent hospital capacity overload. Delaying implementation by two weeks would accelerate an ICU bed shortage. The findings informed the implementation of a Stay Home-Work Safe order in Austin, Texas.","qid":10,"docid":"n0nch8he","rank":23,"score":12.245499610900879},{"content":"A study using data from John Hopkins University and Our World in Data analyzed the impact of physical distance measures on the growth rates of COVID-19 in 12 countries. The findings showed that physical distance interventions significantly decreased the growth rates of the pandemic in five countries: Austria, Belgium, Italy, Malaysia, and South Korea. The test-positivity rate was also found to be a crucial factor in understanding the slowing of COVID-19 case growth caused by these measures.","qid":10,"docid":"c0i11t0a","rank":24,"score":12.115099906921387},{"content":"The passage discusses the benefits and costs of social distancing measures in the USA to slow the spread of COVID-19. Using epidemiological and economic forecasting, the authors find that social distancing saves lives, with net benefits estimated at approximately $5.2 trillion in their benchmark case. However, the large costs imposed by reduced economic activity are a concern. Factors such as the value of statistical life, discount rate, and speed of economic recovery play a significant role","qid":10,"docid":"vfnpeuzr","rank":25,"score":12.081999778747559},{"content":"This passage discusses the relationship between community mitigation measures, such as social distancing and handwashing, community mobility, and reported COVID-19 cases in four US metropolitan areas: San Francisco, Seattle, New Orleans, and New York City. The authors note that community mitigation strategies are crucial when medical countermeasures like vaccines or therapeutics are not available. The report finds that community mobility, which serves as a proxy for social distancing, declined in all four locations","qid":10,"docid":"16t5rs6j","rank":26,"score":12.075900077819824},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between community mitigation measures, such as social distancing and handwashing, community mobility, and reported COVID-19 cases in four US metropolitan areas: San Francisco, Seattle, New Orleans, and New York City. The report shows that community mobility decreased as public policy measures were implemented and case counts increased. The findings suggest that public policy measures are an essential tool to encourage social distancing and may help slow the spread of COVID-19.","qid":10,"docid":"41d7343o","rank":27,"score":12.075899124145508},{"content":"A study using an SEIR-type model examines the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 dynamics in Santa Clara County, California. The researchers estimate an effective reproduction number (R(E)) of 0.982 (95% CI: 0.849 \u2013 1.107) as of April 22, 2020. After June 1, a shift to partial social dist","qid":10,"docid":"oqq92ke1","rank":28,"score":11.971099853515625},{"content":"A vision-based social distancing system using a monocular camera and deep learning object detectors is proposed to help maintain 6-feet distance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The system emits non-intrusive warnings when a violation occurs and modulates inflow when social density is high, without recording or targeting individuals. Ethical considerations include anonymity, no human supervision, and open-source code. The method was tested on real-world datasets and","qid":10,"docid":"gi6bzymv","rank":29,"score":11.95930004119873},{"content":"A study proposes to investigate the effect of social distancing on the spread of influenza-like illnesses and COVID-19 using data from U.S. counties during the first week of the \"15 Days to Slow the Spread\" campaign. The study will use optimal non-bipartite matching to pair counties with similar covariates but different social distancing scores. The primary outcome will be the average observed illness collected two weeks after the intervention period, and the","qid":10,"docid":"3aaw7toy","rank":30,"score":11.948800086975098},{"content":"The passage discusses the current state of Covid-19 in the US as of May 1, 2020, with over 1 million confirmed cases. Interventions to control the spread have limited social activities, but an economic crisis and resistance to these measures are emerging. Some researchers suggest intermittent social distancing to prolong the outbreak into 2022. The peak time of the Covid-19 outbreak in the US is estimated to be April 24,","qid":10,"docid":"tusqf260","rank":31,"score":11.948799133300781},{"content":"The passage discusses the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which has resulted in severe respiratory syndrome and high mortality. Social distancing measures have been effective in reducing transmission and mortality rates, but come with economic and social costs. The authors present a model that accurately describes the transmission and mortality curves in Italy and Spain, predicting that even with strict social distancing, the number of COVID-19 deaths after","qid":10,"docid":"zox6efyn","rank":32,"score":11.910699844360352},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that used Twitter data to analyze and define the prevalence and evolution of different facets of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Six facets were identified: implementation, purpose, social disruption, adaptation, positive emotions, and negative emotions. Tweets about social disruption were most retweeted, while implementation tweets were most favorited. Social distancing tweets became more prevalent in the US from late January to March","qid":10,"docid":"jtamxl3c","rank":33,"score":11.84529972076416},{"content":"A digital health platform is being developed to help older people improve their mental health and social connections during social distancing. The project aims to create an app that encourages positive nutrition, enhances physical activity, and enables virtual interaction. An online community feature will allow families and peer groups to maintain contact with older people using goal setting. Anonymized data from the app will be used to develop a machine learning algorithm to identify COVID-19 patients and track their use by health systems. Agile methods","qid":10,"docid":"cranqd1y","rank":34,"score":11.818900108337402},{"content":"A digital health platform is being developed to help older people improve their mental health and social connections during social distancing. The project aims to create an app that encourages positive nutrition, enhances physical activity, and enables virtual interaction. The app will also provide an online community for families and peer groups to maintain contact with older people. Anonymized data from the app will be used to develop a machine learning algorithm to identify and track COVID-19 patients in real time for health systems. Agile","qid":10,"docid":"oomxlk75","rank":35,"score":11.818899154663086},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic, known as COVID-19, has infected over 2.4 million people and resulted in over 165,000 deaths worldwide. Advanced healthcare systems in countries like Italy, USA, Spain, and France have helped control the infection to some extent. India, with an underdeveloped healthcare system and a large population following unhygienic practices, has been able to restrict the infection and death rate through early and strict social distancing measures, including","qid":10,"docid":"bsj7apol","rank":36,"score":11.817399978637695},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic, known as COVID-19, has infected over 2.4 million people worldwide, with over 165,000 fatalities. Advanced healthcare systems in countries like Italy, USA, Spain, and France have partially controlled the infection. India, with an underdeveloped healthcare system and unhygienic lifestyle, has successfully restricted infection and death rates through early and strict social distancing via lockdown and hand hygiene advisories. The global","qid":10,"docid":"nserrspn","rank":37,"score":11.817399024963379},{"content":"A study examined the impact of social distancing on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the US using the nationwide protests following George Floyd's death as a quasi-experimental setting. The study found an increase of over 3 cases per day, per 100,000 population nationwide and an additional 1.73 cases per day, per 100,000 population in protest counties, representing a 6","qid":10,"docid":"s74jgknw","rank":38,"score":11.786700248718262},{"content":"A qualitative study was conducted on social media forums to understand why individuals ignore COVID-19 regulations and distancing measures, and why authorities struggle to create a sense of inclusion regarding protective measures. Reasons for non-compliance include information pollution, uncertainty about the virus, social environment, and fear of unemployment. Lack of trust and concrete economic steps from government representatives are hindering the creation of inclusion and solidarity during the crisis. Transparency and addressing social class differences are crucial in","qid":10,"docid":"35u70l6e","rank":39,"score":11.781999588012695},{"content":"The United States declared COVID-19 a national emergency on March 13th, with cases spreading to all 50 states by March 18th. To slow the growth in new cases, social distancing measures have been implemented, including canceled travel, conferences, and school closures. Medical schools have also canceled classes and rotations to promote social distancing, limit student exposure to the virus, and preserve PPE for essential personnel. However, there is a concern","qid":10,"docid":"05jzxdy8","rank":40,"score":11.781499862670898},{"content":"A multi-scale model is presented to simulate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The model uses a social force model to describe the movement of individual agents, which can be in susceptible, infected, quarantined, immunized, or deceased states. The model considers both direct and indirect transmission mechanisms. The model is parameterized based on the early spread of the disease in Italy and shows that panic situations increase infection transmission in","qid":10,"docid":"swcq2wfl","rank":41,"score":11.779000282287598},{"content":"Italy, the first European country to deal with COVID-19, implemented quarantine and social distancing measures leading to significant economic, social, and psychological consequences for children and adolescents. School closures since March have disrupted the lives of millions, with uncertainty about reopening for the entire academic year. The psychological well-being of children and adolescents is negatively affected by quarantine and social isolation, particularly those with pre-existing vulnerabilities or mental disorders. It is","qid":10,"docid":"8jvljcuh","rank":42,"score":11.707799911499023},{"content":"Italy, the first European country to deal with COVID-19, implemented quarantine and social distancing measures leading to significant economic, social, and psychological consequences for children and adolescents. School closures since March have disrupted the lives of millions, with the government deciding to maintain closures for the entire academic year. The uncertainty is negatively impacting the psychological well-being of children, particularly those with pre-existing vulnerabilities and mental disorders. It is crucial to prioritize young","qid":10,"docid":"lgf0nwgx","rank":43,"score":11.707798957824707},{"content":"The passage discusses a study analyzing the use of behavioral insights on COVID-19 landing pages of 33 government websites from March 1st to May 1st, 2020. The authors found that while all governments aimed to limit population movements and social life to slow the virus's spread, only environmental nudges were effective. Individual and social nudges had no impact. The study suggests people mistrust governmental websites and recommends using scientists","qid":10,"docid":"nxj2gqx6","rank":44,"score":11.694299697875977},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges in controlling the spread of Covid-19 based on European data. The authors estimate that Covid-19 cases double every three days without interventions and the impact of interventions is not seen until nine days after implementation. They argue that understanding these temporal patterns is crucial for initiating interventions, especially for low-and middle-income countries in the early stages of their local epidemics.","qid":10,"docid":"k5q07y4b","rank":45,"score":11.667400360107422},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges in controlling the spread of Covid-19 based on European data. The authors estimate that Covid-19 cases double every three days without interventions and the impact of interventions is not seen until nine days after implementation. They argue that understanding these temporal patterns is crucial for initiating interventions, especially for low- and middle-income countries in the early stages of their local epidemics.","qid":10,"docid":"s0awhe4y","rank":46,"score":11.667399406433105},{"content":"The Greek authorities implemented social distancing measures, including closing non-essential businesses on March 16 and a shelter-in-place order on March 23, to curb the spread of COVID-19. An analysis of COVID-19 case data from February 26 to May 4 using interrupted time-series regression found that the growth rate was positive before the policies but slowed significantly after the shelter-in-place order (p=0.04).","qid":10,"docid":"tkajjrri","rank":47,"score":11.637499809265137},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using a predictive model to account for 94.8% of the spatial-temporal variation in total Covid-19 infections and 99.3% in related fatalities in the US. Factors including population density, poverty index, civilian population, minorities, social distancing, and testing data were considered. Counties with higher population density, poverty index, civilian population, and minorities, especially African Americans, had more","qid":10,"docid":"6wqxcshu","rank":48,"score":11.627599716186523},{"content":"The passage discusses the effectiveness of stay-at-home orders in reducing the spread of COVID-19 as measured by COVID-19-related deaths in the US. Using Granger causality analysis, it was found that there is a causal relationship between the median percentage of time spent daily at home and the number of COVID-19-related deaths with a lag of 2 weeks. The study also identified areas with mobility patterns that may make it difficult for populations to comply with","qid":10,"docid":"ibrrr546","rank":49,"score":11.614999771118164},{"content":"The study uses an individual-based simulation model to analyze the effectiveness of social distancing measures in controlling COVID-19 transmission and to determine optimal strategies for easing them. The findings suggest that in countries where social distancing was activated after widespread virus transmission, it must be maintained for significant periods before being eased. In contrast, in countries with early and successful responses to the pandemic, a staged relaxation of social distancing can prevent a rebound in cases. The study emphasizes the importance","qid":10,"docid":"t7p2j504","rank":50,"score":11.585200309753418},{"content":"A study using a Markov process analyzed COVID-19 data from 51 countries through April 16, 2020, finding that 42 of these countries have a declining transmission rate. Thirty-four of these countries have subcritical transmission rates, indicating the spread is slowing but not yet under control. The authors suggest that global social distancing measures are effective but need to be strengthened and maintained to prevent resurgence. The slow decline also","qid":10,"docid":"9o2tk4x5","rank":51,"score":11.549300193786621},{"content":"A new mathematical model is proposed to study the meso-scale spread of COVID-19, focusing on community transmission between towns or city neighborhoods. Existing models cannot accommodate this level of analysis due to a lack of data and varying intervention policies. The proposed model uses town-level infection data from Connecticut and considers inter-town travel. The model evaluates the impact of different social distancing policy enforcement strengths on future epidemic curves using compliance and containment metrics. The results will provide a","qid":10,"docid":"la8unax6","rank":52,"score":11.4975004196167},{"content":"A multi-scale model is presented to simulate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The model includes agents in susceptible, infected, quarantined, immunized, or deceased states. Social force is used to describe agent motion. Direct and indirect transmission mechanisms are considered. The model reproduces early disease spread in Italy and reveals the impact of panic situations, pre-symptomatic transmission, and surface persistence on infection","qid":10,"docid":"ghwyrew1","rank":53,"score":11.479700088500977},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for healthcare providers and policy makers. In response, a data-driven approach is proposed to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, predict mortality, forecast its spread, and alleviate its impact. This approach combines descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics using clinical studies, patient data, and epidemiological data. The results have been used to triage patients, guide care management, plan ICU","qid":10,"docid":"480ncsft","rank":54,"score":11.440799713134766},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for healthcare providers and policy makers. In response, a data-driven approach is proposed to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, predict mortality, forecast its spread, and alleviate its impact. This approach combines descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics using clinical studies, patient data, and epidemiological data. The results have been used to triage patients, guide care management, plan ICU","qid":10,"docid":"a5ngjuyz","rank":55,"score":11.44079875946045},{"content":"This study examines the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including stay-at-home orders and school closures, on the effective reproductive number (Rt) and other COVID-19 outcomes in U.S. states. The analysis is based on data collected in the weeks following each state reaching 500 cases. The results indicate that states with stay-at-home orders in place had lower average Rt and were less likely to","qid":10,"docid":"1roqno6p","rank":56,"score":11.417200088500977},{"content":"The passage discusses the background, methods, results, and conclusions of a study examining the implementation and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as travel restrictions, school closures, and remote working on the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that these measures have had some success in slowing the spread of the virus and reducing initial case numbers, but it is difficult to quantitatively assess their efficacy due to limited information. The study also","qid":10,"docid":"hipujblu","rank":57,"score":11.390800476074219},{"content":"A study reports that 79% of COVID-19 infections in China were caused by asymptomatic patients. The actual number of infected people is likely higher than reported due to the incubation period of the virus. Asymptomatic patients are the main cause of the quick spreading of the virus and have contributed to governments losing control over the pandemic. An IoT investigation system is proposed to help authorities identify undocumented patients and infectious places, allowing for more efficient control","qid":10,"docid":"baheh8i5","rank":58,"score":11.32979965209961},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus, has been studied using an age-structured SIR model with social contact matrices from surveys and Bayesian imputation in India. The impact of social distancing measures like workplace non-attendance, school closure, and lockdown on the epidemic's progression was investigated. A three-week lockdown was found insufficient to prevent a resurgence, and sustained lockdowns with periodic relaxation were suggested.","qid":10,"docid":"xbuypaf6","rank":59,"score":11.328800201416016},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to social distancing measures such as maintaining public distance, school closures, and business limitations. These policies may affect crime volume and distribution, with potential decreases in residential burglary due to increased property protection and increases in domestic violence due to extended contact between potential offenders and victims. An analysis of crime data from Los Angeles and Indianapolis shows a statistically significant impact on specific crime types, but the overall effect is less than expected given the disruption to","qid":10,"docid":"po2c65nb","rank":60,"score":11.324399948120117},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of maintaining social distancing policies to prevent a second peak of COVID-19 outbreaks. According to the SEIR epidemic model, lifting restrictions too soon could lead to a more severe outbreak than the initial one. The likelihood of a second peak increases when strict restrictions are initially enforced. Therefore, a measured and committed approach to social distancing is necessary to effectively control the COVID-19 outbreak.","qid":10,"docid":"j1ma6r50","rank":61,"score":11.264100074768066},{"content":"A research team created an interactive COVID-19 mobility impact and social distancing analysis platform using privacy-protected mobile device location data, COVID-19 case data, and census population data. The platform provides information on the effects of COVID-19 spread and government orders on mobility and social distancing, updated daily. Anonymized mobile data is used to identify trips and generate metrics like social distancing index, percentage of people staying at home, work and non-work visits, out-","qid":10,"docid":"fmf3a7b8","rank":62,"score":11.24779987335205},{"content":"A study of two cohorts of young adult soldiers in Switzerland found that social distancing implementation was associated with a decrease in COVID-19 cases, despite the detection of viral RNA and antibodies in the group where infections occurred after distancing measures. The authors suggest that the amount of viral inoculum or mode of transmission may influence the clinical course of COVID-19.","qid":10,"docid":"trn2deod","rank":63,"score":11.2322998046875},{"content":"A study using a stochastic epidemic model for Guadeloupe's population explores effective strategies to slow down COVID-19 spread during the post-containment period. Parameters include R0 for social distancing, time delay {delta}TQ for quarantine, and number Na of asymptomatic cases. Acceptable solutions are found for various parameter values, with good control of initial spread due to early containment and effective communication. Safe solutions involve social distancing,","qid":10,"docid":"5kv2j7nn","rank":64,"score":11.225199699401855},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social distancing measures have led to increased physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, posing a significant health risk for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The closure of outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs due to the pandemic highlights the need for urgent solutions to encourage exercise autonomy among COPD patients using Self-Determination Theory. Despite the current challenges, the PR community should prepare to adapt and","qid":10,"docid":"zp4xc5ma","rank":65,"score":11.223099708557129},{"content":"A study using interrupted time-series analysis found that implementing statewide social distancing measures in the United States led to a decrease in the daily COVID-19 growth rate by an additional 0.8% per day, corresponding to an increase in doubling time of the epidemic from 3.3 days to 5.0 days. The study included data from all states that implemented social distancing measures between March 10-27, 2020. Limit","qid":10,"docid":"ls408b2b","rank":66,"score":11.214099884033203},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of mathematical models, specifically the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model and Logistic Growth model, to forecast the endpoints of COVID-19 in India and three states with the highest number of cases - Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Delhi. The SIR model predicts the endpoints for India on September 12, Maharashtra on August 20, Gujar","qid":10,"docid":"c35chwpz","rank":67,"score":11.142200469970703},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects disadvantaged individuals and groups due to social injustice and lack of access to preventative measures. Existing health inequities lead to higher infection rates and longer-term consequences for income and education. Government policies exacerbate health inequities, putting privileged citizens and healthcare systems at greater risk. This paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on health inequities in affluent and poorer nations, and suggests","qid":10,"docid":"3ly4f8dy","rank":68,"score":11.140199661254883},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects disadvantaged individuals and groups due to limited access to preventative measures and existing health issues. Social injustice and unequal distribution of resources exacerbate the impact on these communities, leading to long-term consequences. Exclusionary government policies put privileged citizens and healthcare systems at greater risk as well. This paper emphasizes the impact of COVID-19 on health inequities in both affluent and poorer nations","qid":10,"docid":"hwlr3qfz","rank":69,"score":11.140198707580566},{"content":"The passage introduces VERA, an AI tool that helps users create conceptual models of how social distancing affects the spread of COVID-19. VERA then generates agent-based simulations from these models, filling in simulation parameters from data sets. Users can view results, revise parameters, and build alternative models. An example is given of using VERA to create a SIR model for COVID-19 and its connection to healthcare capacity.","qid":10,"docid":"p1jeiljo","rank":70,"score":11.129400253295898},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (S.I.R) model to analyze COVID-19 spread in different countries, focusing on the social-contact structure parameter (eta) that determines the effectiveness of social distancing measures. A Python algorithm was developed using Scipy to learn the social-contact structure and determine an appropriate value for eta. The application of this model to India's COVID-19 situation revealed that","qid":10,"docid":"9a131e0i","rank":71,"score":11.120699882507324},{"content":"The passage discusses how social distancing measures have affected the spread of COVID-19 in different US states, leading to varying infection dynamics. While some states, like New York, experienced a pronounced decline in infection levels after extensive spread, others, such as California, showed a long-lasting plateau of similar daily new infection levels. Standard SIR infection models cannot explain these plateau dynamics, but network models, which track individuals and their social contacts, can. In networks with a ","qid":10,"docid":"0b6dsdct","rank":72,"score":11.11989974975586},{"content":"A study using quantitative statistical analysis on COVID-19 data reveals significant relationships between the disease spread and country-level economic and health indicators. Four major country clusters have been identified based on COVID-19 development and economic and health factors. Potential under-reporting traits and economic factors affecting diagnosis, reporting, and treatment have been identified. The study describes four disease development scenarios and highlights limitations in reporting and measuring COVID-19, recommending further research.","qid":10,"docid":"keaxietu","rank":73,"score":11.118800163269043},{"content":"The Indian government implemented social distancing interventions to curb the spread of COVID-19, and this study estimates the impact on infection rates and effective reproduction number (Rt) during four distinct periods. The study used Google mobility data to assess intervention adoption and found significant reductions in daily case rates (ranging from 0.03 to 30.05\/10 million people) and Rt (ranging from 1.38 to 2.","qid":10,"docid":"nney9kuq","rank":74,"score":11.07289981842041},{"content":"The study explores the perceptions and experiences of the UK public regarding social distancing and social isolation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conducted through five online focus groups, the research reveals that these measures have had significant negative impacts on mental health and wellbeing, particularly for those in low-paid or precarious employment. Participants reported practical losses such as loss of income, social interaction, and routine, leading to psychological and emotional losses like loss of motivation, meaning, and","qid":10,"docid":"kweh1doo","rank":75,"score":11.053600311279297},{"content":"The Australian and New Zealand governments implemented strict social distancing measures in late March to combat COVID-19. It's challenging to measure the impact of these interventions on the virus's spread. Using Bayesian structural time series models, the study predicts a 79% reduction in daily COVID-19 cases in Australia and a 61% reduction in New Zealand without these measures. These findings support the effectiveness of such measures and encourage their use in future pandemics.","qid":10,"docid":"hzpbujye","rank":76,"score":10.994600296020508},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of public space in enforcing social distancing rules during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in densely populated areas where virulent outbreaks have occurred. The text emphasizes the need to consider each neighborhood's morphological characteristics and population densities to effectively enforce distancing rules and prevent overcrowding. The authors present a method to identify potential public space accessibility under social distancing regulations and apply it to three global cities. The research reveals","qid":10,"docid":"qh96bfi6","rank":77,"score":10.97819995880127},{"content":"Chinese universities have played a crucial role in managing the COVID-19 epidemic in China through alumni resource collection, medical rescue and emergency management, mental health maintenance, control of staff mobility, and innovation in online education models. However, they face challenges such as economic difficulties for alumni, infection risks for medical teams and students, and unsatisfactory application of information technology. Solutions include medical security, emergency research, professional assistance, positive communication, and hierarchical information-based teaching","qid":10,"docid":"4xpkzx0h","rank":78,"score":10.968899726867676},{"content":"The study used a case-crossover design to investigate the relationship between public activities and the risk of acute respiratory infections in adults in England. The findings suggest that spending time in crowded places, using public transport, and being in close contact with individuals with colds increase the risk of acquiring acute respiratory infections. Activities associated with illness onset included spending more than five minutes in a room with someone with a cold, using underground trains, attending a","qid":10,"docid":"vs1zu7z5","rank":79,"score":10.963800430297852},{"content":"The study evaluates the impact of physical distancing measures on the transmission of COVID-19 in the UK by analyzing contact patterns of a representative sample of adults before and after the lockdown. The findings indicate a 73% reduction in daily contacts per participant (from 10.2 to 2.9), which could decrease the reproduction number (R0) from 2.6 to 0.62 (95% CI 0.37","qid":10,"docid":"8do4tojk","rank":80,"score":10.954000473022461},{"content":"The study evaluates the impact of physical distancing measures on the transmission of COVID-19 in the UK by analyzing contact patterns of a representative sample of adults before and after the lockdown. The results show a 74% reduction in daily contacts per participant, leading to a significant decrease in the reproduction number (R0) from 2.6 to 0.62 (95% CI 0.37-0.89) for all types","qid":10,"docid":"fac4ic30","rank":81,"score":10.953999519348145},{"content":"A study estimating the impact of physical distancing measures on the reproduction number of COVID-19 in the UK was conducted by analyzing contact patterns of a representative sample of adults. The study found a 74% reduction in daily contacts per participant during the lockdown, which would result in a reduction of R(0) from 2.6 to 0.62 (95% CI 0.37-0.89) for all types of","qid":10,"docid":"rqotfwm3","rank":82,"score":10.953998565673828},{"content":"A Bayesian model was used to estimate the impact of physical distancing measures against COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada. The study found that approximately 0.78 (0.66-0.89 90% CI) of contacts have been removed due to distancing practices, keeping the contact rate below the threshold of 0.45 where prevalence is expected to grow. However, relaxing distancing measures could lead to rapid exponential growth. The","qid":10,"docid":"77ebl84a","rank":83,"score":10.946000099182129},{"content":"The Australian and New Zealand governments implemented strict social distancing measures in response to COVID-19 in late March. A Bayesian structural time series model was used to estimate the number of daily COVID-19 cases if these interventions had not been put in place. The results suggest a 79% reduction in daily cases for Australia and a 61% reduction for New Zealand. This study underscores the effectiveness of such measures and encourages their use in future pandemics.","qid":10,"docid":"xjr582j3","rank":84,"score":10.945099830627441},{"content":"The passage discusses the effect of social distancing measures implemented by state and local governments in the United States between March and April 2020 on the growth rate of COVID-19 cases. The study found that social distancing policies, including bans on large gatherings, school closures, venue closures, and shelter-in-place orders, reduced the daily growth rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases by 5.4 percentage points after one to five days, ","qid":10,"docid":"h62xj47p","rank":85,"score":10.936300277709961},{"content":"A new optimization-based framework is presented for managing the US COVID-19 outbreak using modeling, state estimation, and optimal control. The framework aims to minimize infections by optimizing social distancing and testing events. Results indicate early implementation of social distancing and quarantining have the greatest impact, and \"on-off\" policies can help flatten the curve while potentially reducing socioeconomic costs.","qid":10,"docid":"o8uk6if2","rank":86,"score":10.932000160217285},{"content":"A new optimization-based framework is presented for managing the US COVID-19 outbreak using modeling, state estimation, and optimal control. The framework aims to minimize infections by optimizing social distancing and testing events. Results indicate early implementation of social distancing and quarantining have the greatest impact, and \"on-off\" policies can help flatten the curve while potentially reducing socioeconomic costs.","qid":10,"docid":"wtk27dhx","rank":87,"score":10.931999206542969},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic reached Chile in March 2020, leading to 14,365 confirmed cases by April 28th, 2020. The early transmission phase showed sub-exponential growth dynamics with a scaling parameter of 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 0.8) and a reproduction number of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.5, ","qid":10,"docid":"4ii345m6","rank":88,"score":10.92240047454834},{"content":"The passage discusses a study conducted in Atlanta, Georgia, on the impact of COVID-19 protective behaviors on people living with HIV. At the start of the study, most participants had HIV viremia, renal disorders, and substance use issues. During the initial month of the COVID-19 response, social distancing practices made it harder for participants to access food and medications, leading to more canceled healthcare appointments. However, ART adherence improved. People with","qid":10,"docid":"1buh1wm0","rank":89,"score":10.919699668884277},{"content":"The passage discusses a study conducted in Atlanta, Georgia, on the impact of COVID-19 protective behaviors on people living with HIV. At the start of the study, most participants had detectable HIV viral loads, kidney issues, and substance use. In the first month of responding to COVID-19, social distancing led to difficulties accessing food and medications and canceled healthcare appointments for both patients and providers. However, ART adherence improved during this period.","qid":10,"docid":"dfwia886","rank":90,"score":10.919698715209961},{"content":"A study using anonymized location data, COVID-19 case data, and census population information revealed an unexpected trend of social distancing inertia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The statistics for trip rate, miles traveled per person, and percentage of population staying at home all improved when COVID-19 cases were observed, but then saturated and stopped improving after about two weeks, despite the continued rise in cases. This suggests a natural behavior inertia toward social distancing","qid":10,"docid":"hb1r2aw7","rank":91,"score":10.91409969329834},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put significant pressure on healthcare systems, leading to restrictions on elective surgeries and social distancing measures. This literature review discusses the impact on orthopaedic departments, focusing on surgical selection, inpatient care, and physician well-being. Measures include surgical priority, physical distancing, online clinical communications, and telemedicine. Orthopaedic departments should prioritize personnel safety and implement distancing and emerging technologies to","qid":10,"docid":"btgp7dkj","rank":92,"score":10.898099899291992},{"content":"The passage provides a personal perspective on the Covid-19 pandemic situation in London, discussing the government's response through the Coronavirus Act 2020 and the resulting lockdown. The author raises questions about the effectiveness of the strategy, the government's handling of testing and PPE, and the impact on the economy, mental health, and various industries. The passage also touches on potential long-term changes to work and social life, and compares the pandemic to past epid","qid":10,"docid":"87i01hsi","rank":93,"score":10.885299682617188},{"content":"The passage is a personal reflection on the impact of Covid-19 in London, discussing the government's response through the Coronavirus Act 2020 and the resulting lockdown. The author questions the effectiveness of the strategy, raising concerns over testing, PPE, and the economic and social consequences. The lockdown has negatively affected various sectors, including businesses and the economy, while benefiting others like scientific research and online services. The author also explores the impact on mental","qid":10,"docid":"hbalyfy3","rank":94,"score":10.885298728942871},{"content":"A study analyzing COVID-19 cases in 45 countries with over 1000 cases as of March 28, 2020, reveals differences in disease spreading rates over time. Most countries experience an initial exponential growth phase, followed by a power-law phase. Tracking power-law exponents as growth indicators helps assess a country's relative danger and the effectiveness of social measures. The data provides a global perspective on country-to-country","qid":10,"docid":"rc88vn6e","rank":95,"score":10.880399703979492},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of meteorological factors and control strategies on the spread of COVID-19, using data from China, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The study found that high temperature decreases COVID-19 transmission, while high relative humidity promotes transmission when temperature is low but reduces it when temperature is high. Classical control measures, such as isolation and quarantine, can slow the spread of the disease, but the importance of contact tracing and social distancing increases","qid":10,"docid":"vxy41zov","rank":96,"score":10.848199844360352},{"content":"A network model is presented to analyze the spread of Covid-19 with social distancing. Nodes represent individuals and edges denote various types of interactions. Four states for individuals: susceptible, infected, immune, dead. Simulations run with different mitigation scenarios like lockdowns, validated against real data. Predictions made on second wave probability and intensity under various lifting of lockdown conditions.","qid":10,"docid":"yat5g2i9","rank":97,"score":10.837499618530273},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of meteorological factors and control strategies on the spread of COVID-19 using data from China, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The study finds that high temperature decreases COVID-19 transmission, while high relative humidity promotes transmission when temperature is low but reduces it when temperature is high. Classical control measures can slow the spread of the disease, but the reduction in treatment time is less effective due to pre-symptomatic infections.","qid":10,"docid":"6imghzg1","rank":98,"score":10.826600074768066},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the care and well-being of people living with dementia and their care partners due to public health measures and social distancing. The pandemic's impacts were explored through interviews with 21 participants in Canada, revealing three main categories of experience: personal, health services, and health status. Innovative solutions are needed to provide remote medical care and social interaction for this population.","qid":10,"docid":"pzmo4hja","rank":99,"score":10.802000045776367},{"content":"The passage discusses the SICARS epidemic model and compares the efficiency of centralized, decentralized, and combined social distancing strategies in controlling the spread of COVID-19 on complex networks. Centralized social distancing is necessary to minimize the pandemic's spread, while decentralized strategies are insufficient but effective when combined with centralized ones. The most efficient isolation strategy is the combined one, which mitigates network superspreaders and reduces highest node degrees to","qid":10,"docid":"ts3ra09u","rank":100,"score":10.784700393676758}]}
{"query":"what are the guidelines for triaging patients infected with coronavirus?","hits":[{"content":"A group of geriatricians in Israel formed a committee to develop guidelines for the care of older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main concerns were ensuring practical recommendations while adhering to medical ethics, as older adults are at higher risk for severe illness. Recommendations included prioritizing patient autonomy, using a \"soft utilitarian\" approach for triage based on function and comorbidity, and emphasizing palliative care. Patient autonomy","qid":11,"docid":"lb099dyt","rank":1,"score":9.555500030517578},{"content":"A group of geriatricians in Israel formed an ad hoc committee to develop guidelines for the care of older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. The committee emphasized patient autonomy and the importance of updating advance directives. For triage, a \"soft utilitarian\" approach was recommended, prioritizing function and comorbidity over chronological age. In an overwhelming crisis, \"biological age\" could be considered. All ill individuals should receive active palliative care","qid":11,"docid":"ce4p827u","rank":2,"score":9.401800155639648},{"content":"A dispute in Italy is emerging over triage criteria for critically ill COVID-19 patients and who should make these decisions. Two opposing views exist: some argue healthcare professionals should make decisions based on their clinical judgments and available evidence, while others believe authorities should have the final say. Empirical questions include the level of evidence supporting clinical judgments and the distributive justice accounts used by doctors. Normative questions involve how this evidence should inform triage guidelines and who has the authority to make","qid":11,"docid":"t7iyt5d4","rank":3,"score":8.796799659729004},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to a shift from face-to-face to telehealth visits for palliative care teams in the community setting. To effectively triage and deliver safe and effective care, the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Palliative Care and Support Services team recommends active triaging based on location and acuity, implementing interdisciplinary care with strict infection control guidelines, and thorough COVID-19 symptom screening before patient visits. Communication and mutual consent between","qid":11,"docid":"eazqdlds","rank":4,"score":8.572999954223633},{"content":"The passage summarizes a review discussing triage procedures for critically ill or injured patients during mass casualty incidents, caused by disasters, pandemics, or terrorist events. It answers common clinician questions such as the definition and timing of triage, types of triage, ethical considerations, governance, and necessary research.","qid":11,"docid":"gwle80we","rank":5,"score":8.542699813842773},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to identify laboratory biomarkers for effective triage of suspected COVID-19 patients at fever clinics. The study involved 989 patients from Wuhan Union Hospital, China, who were divided into SARS-CoV-2-positive and negative groups. Eosinopenia (<0.02 109\/L) and elevated hs-CRP (>4 mg\/L) were more","qid":11,"docid":"37dauvku","rank":6,"score":8.527199745178223},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to identify laboratory biomarkers for effective triage of suspected COVID-19 patients at fever clinics. The study involved 989 patients from Wuhan Union Hospital, divided into SARS-CoV-2-positive and negative groups. Eosinopenia (<0.02 109\/L) and elevated hs-CRP (\u22654 mg\/L) were more common in COVID-","qid":11,"docid":"nf2vd6o1","rank":7,"score":8.527198791503906},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the cardiovascular system has been affected, leading to changes in access to services and prioritization for patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases unrelated to COVID-19. The expert opinion suggests modifications in diagnostic pathways, healthcare personnel protection, and treatment guidelines. Heart Teams should continue treating valvular heart disease using telemedicine and simplified diagnostic tests. Urgent indications and advanced disease with poor prognosis should be priorit","qid":11,"docid":"6coookt6","rank":8,"score":8.336299896240234},{"content":"A triage process for COVID-19 was established in Shaanxi Province, China, to guide patients through a 4-level triage process during hospital visits. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positive nucleic acid testing. The screened rate of suspected COVID-19 was higher in the COVID-19 outpatient clinic (8.28%) compared to the general fever outpatient clinic (1.63%), indicating the effectiveness of the triage","qid":11,"docid":"4jag7lzb","rank":9,"score":8.292699813842773},{"content":"A triage process for COVID-19 was established in Shaanxi Province, China, to guide patients through a 4-level triage during hospital visits. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positive nucleic acid testing. The screened rate of suspected COVID-19 was higher in the COVID-19 outpatient clinic (8.28%) compared to the general fever outpatient clinic (1.63%), indicating the effectiveness of the triage procedure","qid":11,"docid":"jv3xx09f","rank":10,"score":8.292698860168457},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic forced urologic surgeons, particularly oncologists, to create triage schemes to preserve resources and reduce viral transmission while continuing patient care. There is varying agreement on prioritizing urologic oncology cases, with a focus on high priority surgical cases as resource preservation and viral transmission prevention become more crucial. Case-by-case decisions will be common, but more nuanced guidelines are needed for the near future.","qid":11,"docid":"f7i85959","rank":11,"score":8.159700393676758},{"content":"The passage is a personal account from a New York City resident, who acknowledges being privileged during the Covid-19 pandemic despite not being rich. The author expresses concern about potential hospitalization needs and the allocation of scarce ventilators. New York State guidelines prioritize saving the most lives but do not consider age as a criterion for triage to avoid discrimination against the elderly. Other proposals suggest prioritizing those with more life to live. The author acknowledges the challenges","qid":11,"docid":"nbcymm5e","rank":12,"score":8.116499900817871},{"content":"The passage is a personal account from a New York City resident, who despite not being rich, acknowledges his privilege due to retirement income and no debts. He is self-isolating with food delivery, but concerns the potential need for hospitalization and the allocation of scarce ventilators during the Covid-19 pandemic. New York State guidelines prioritize saving the most lives in resource allocation, but there is ongoing debate regarding age-based selection and fairness in triage committe","qid":11,"docid":"zw6zvni4","rank":13,"score":8.116498947143555},{"content":"A study was conducted on the preview and triage screening of 36 children with suspected COVID-19 at fever clinics outside the Hubei Province epidemic area. The specialists identified 14 children to be transferred to the isolation ward for further testing, all of whom had a fever and 71.43% had a cough, but their results were negative. The suspected and excluded cases had similar epidemiology histories and complete blood count results. Based on this,","qid":11,"docid":"macqp9k1","rank":14,"score":8.112700462341309},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted spinal surgery practices, affecting both elective and semi-emergent procedures. A review of six articles identified through a database search found that outpatient care has shifted to tele-health and online consultations, while general recommendations favor conservative approaches over surgeries. Spine surgeons should follow principles such as early COVID-19 symptom detection, patient triaging, appropriate investigations, isolation, optimal management, intraoperative best practices","qid":11,"docid":"notvvhe4","rank":15,"score":8.107399940490723},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted spinal surgery practices, affecting both elective and semi-emergent procedures. A review of six articles identified through a database search found that outpatient care has shifted to tele-health and online consultations, while general recommendations favor conservative approaches over surgeries. Spine surgeons should follow principles such as early COVID-19 symptom detection, patient triaging, appropriate investigations, isolation, optimal management, intraoperative best practices","qid":11,"docid":"ve1vlm1c","rank":16,"score":8.107398986816406},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of providing safe surgical care for thoracic malignancies in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors recommend continuing standard of care for thoracic cancer patients while adjusting traditional surgical care pathways to reduce infection risk. The article provides a consensus of expert recommendations for local strategy planners in thoracic cancer care services in Mexico. Key points include ensuring continuity of surgical care while maintaining patient and staff safety. This","qid":11,"docid":"nbrltocp","rank":17,"score":8.023300170898438},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of providing safe surgical care for thoracic malignancies in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors recommend continuing standard of care for thoracic cancer patients while adjusting traditional surgical care pathways to reduce infection risk. The article provides a consensus of expert recommendations for local strategy planners in thoracic cancer care services in Mexico. Key points include ensuring continuity of surgical care while maintaining patient and staff safety. This","qid":11,"docid":"wrr3oief","rank":18,"score":8.023299217224121},{"content":"The Critical Care Society of Southern Africa released a consensus statement and accompanying guideline on ICU triage and rationing in South Africa due to resource scarcity and increasing demand for ICU services. The document addresses key questions regarding ICU resource status, efficiency, and fair triage implementation. Recommendations include recognizing and quantifying ICU services, seeking additional resources, maximizing efficiency, evaluating lower level care alternatives, developing a triage guideline, measuring and auditing","qid":11,"docid":"8f5gryzk","rank":19,"score":7.996799945831299},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of triaging ICU patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides recommendations for a resource-driven triage strategy. The authors suggest using a triage algorithm based on clinical estimations of survival benefit to maximize the number of life-years saved. The algorithm includes prioritization categories such as performance score, ASA score, number of organ failures, and predicted survival. The final decision remains with an experienced critical care specialist physician, and cautious dis","qid":11,"docid":"mu0g857x","rank":20,"score":7.970099925994873},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of triaging ICU patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides recommendations for a resource-driven triage strategy. The authors suggest using a triage algorithm based on clinical estimations of survival benefit to maximize the number of life-years saved. The algorithm includes prioritization categories such as performance score, ASA score, number of organ failures, and predicted survival. The final decision remains with an experienced critical care specialist physician, and cautious dis","qid":11,"docid":"x0me00m0","rank":21,"score":7.970098972320557},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Surgeons recommended postponing non-urgent surgeries, including endocrine surgeries. A multidisciplinary group of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Surgical Endocrinology, and Medical Endocrinology developed Surgical Triaging Guidelines for Endocrine Surgery. Most endocrine cases can","qid":11,"docid":"tgm90lbp","rank":22,"score":7.936800003051758},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Surgeons recommended postponing non-urgent surgeries, including endocrine surgeries. A multidisciplinary group of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Surgical Endocrinology, and Medical Endocrinology developed Surgical Triaging Guidelines for Endocrine Surgery. Most endocrine cases can","qid":11,"docid":"vc2i6auz","rank":23,"score":7.936799049377441},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to healthcare systems, including changes in access to services and priorities for managing patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases, such as valvular heart disease. The Polish Cardiac Society's Working Groups on Valvular Heart Diseases, Cardiac Surgery, and Cardiovascular Interventions propose modifications to diagnostic pathways, healthcare professional protection guidelines, and treatment prioritization. Valvular heart teams should utilize telemedicine and digital","qid":11,"docid":"3qpptp62","rank":24,"score":7.928800106048584},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, this technical note aims to help triage brain tumor patients for radiotherapy and provide safe, evidence-based care. The authors identified protocols with hypofractionated regimens, which have similar outcomes as conventional fractionated regimens but reduce hospital visits and time spent in treatment consoles. They also identified tumors that could safely be avoided or delayed in radiotherapy initiation. The article follows the ALARA principle (as low as reasonable","qid":11,"docid":"v8mprtro","rank":25,"score":7.895699977874756},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on healthcare resources, leading to delays in structural heart disease interventions and increased risk for adverse cardiovascular complications. Triage of patients in need of these interventions has become challenging due to the risk of bringing susceptible patients into the hospital environment. This document provides guidelines for triaging patients and deciding when to proceed with intervention during the pandemic, focusing on transcatheter aortic valve replacement and percutaneous mitral","qid":11,"docid":"hzi8zuyt","rank":26,"score":7.82919979095459},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on healthcare resources, leading to the postponement of elective procedures for patients with valvular and structural heart disease (SHD), increasing their risk for adverse cardiovascular complications. This consensus statement provides guidelines for triaging SHD patients and deciding when it's appropriate to proceed with interventions during the pandemic. The document focuses on trans-catheter aortic valve replacement and percutaneous mitral valve","qid":11,"docid":"l8vkzbh0","rank":27,"score":7.829198837280273},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to a shift from face-to-face to telehealth visits for palliative care teams in the community setting. To effectively triage and deliver safe and effective care, the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Palliative Care and Support Services team recommends active triaging based on location and acuity, implementing interdisciplinary care with strict infection control guidelines and limited PPE, and thorough COVID-19 symptom screening before patient visits. Communication","qid":11,"docid":"qskqikk9","rank":28,"score":7.794899940490723},{"content":"The passage discusses the ethical and practical dilemmas raised by pandemics and disasters, focusing on the duty of healthcare workers to continue working despite personal risk. It covers topics such as global governance, resource allocation, and individual liberty restrictions. The text draws on guidelines, ethical considerations, past pandemics, and the H1N1 swine influenza experience to provide insights.","qid":11,"docid":"02tomttb","rank":29,"score":7.794300079345703},{"content":"A group of international aesthetic medicine experts met to establish consensus guidelines for infection control measures in aesthetic clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strict measures are necessary due to one-on-one procedures and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Guidelines cover patient scheduling, evaluation, and triaging, with procedures categorized as low-risk, moderate risk, or high-risk. Local guidelines and PPE usage should also be followed. These guidelines","qid":11,"docid":"h822qpja","rank":30,"score":7.774400234222412},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on healthcare resources, leading to the postponement of elective procedures for patients with valvular and structural heart disease (SHD), increasing their risk for adverse cardiovascular complications. Triage of these patients has become challenging due to the risk of bringing them into the hospital environment versus the risk of delaying necessary procedures. This document provides guidelines for triaging SHD patients, focusing on trans-catheter aortic val","qid":11,"docid":"y50ou7gg","rank":31,"score":7.774399280548096},{"content":"During an influenza or COVID-19 pandemic when ventilator demand exceeds supply, the 2015 New York State Ventilator Allocation Guidelines were updated from the 2007 version to reflect public values and evidence-based clinical data. The triage protocol prioritizes patients with the highest likelihood of short-term survival, using exclusion criteria, SOFA score, and periodic clinical assessments. The guidelines also address secondary triage criteria, other medical","qid":11,"docid":"fgnrujsf","rank":32,"score":7.749599933624268},{"content":"A group of international aesthetic medicine experts met online to develop consensus guidelines for infection control measures in aesthetic clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The guidelines cover patient scheduling, evaluation, and triaging, with procedures categorized as low-risk, moderate risk, or high-risk based on SARS-CoV-2 transmission likelihood. The guidelines aim to protect staff and patients but should be supplemented with local regulations.","qid":11,"docid":"6mzzibj8","rank":33,"score":7.676000118255615},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak poses significant challenges to ophthalmology practices due to the lack of vaccination or treatment, requiring strict infection control measures. The Tan Tock Seng Hospital Eye Centre in Singapore, which supports the National Centre for Infectious Diseases, shares their strategies and guidelines to maintain a sustainable ophthalmology practice during the outbreak. Challenges include minimizing cross-infection through PPE and surface cleaning, stringent screening and triaging for","qid":11,"docid":"la5lk7of","rank":34,"score":7.671199798583984},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak poses significant challenges to ophthalmology practices due to the lack of vaccination or treatment, requiring strict infection control measures. The Tan Tock Seng Hospital Eye Centre in Singapore, which supports the National Centre for Infectious Diseases, shares their strategies and guidelines to maintain a sustainable ophthalmology practice during the outbreak. Challenges include minimizing cross-infection through PPE and surface cleaning, stringent screening and triaging for","qid":11,"docid":"mt4f2p21","rank":35,"score":7.671198844909668},{"content":"This passage summarizes recommendations for dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic, including patient risk assessment through a questionnaire, patient triage using a flow chart, and measures to prevent infection for dental health professionals, dental clinics, and patients. The recommendations were gathered from various sources, including scientific papers and guidelines from legal, ethical, international, and national organizations. The goal is to help dental professionals implement preventative measures during the pandemic.","qid":11,"docid":"qqqu1adu","rank":36,"score":7.639100074768066},{"content":"This rapid review aimed to evaluate the evidence behind UK Government PPE Guidance on the use of surgical masks versus respirators for protecting patient-facing healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reviewers searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and grey literature for studies published on any date containing primary data comparing surgical facemasks and respirators specific to SARS-CoV-2. Three laboratory studies and six clinical studies were","qid":11,"docid":"cvw6e832","rank":37,"score":7.615099906921387},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, ethical considerations for allocating scarce resources, including nutrition support, have emerged. Historical shortages of nutrition supplies and products, both in normal circumstances and crises, are discussed. An ethical framework for fair and objective allocation includes multidisciplinary ethics and triage committees to alleviate burdens on healthcare teams, and legal considerations to minimize potential charges against professionals or institutions.","qid":11,"docid":"2onxj1oe","rank":38,"score":7.59660005569458},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the ethical dilemmas surrounding the allocation of scarce resources, including nutrition support. This article outlines the historical context of nutrition supply shortages and proposes an ethical framework for fair and objective allocation. A scoring system and multidisciplinary ethics and triage committees are suggested to make decisions. Legal considerations are also discussed to minimize potential charges against healthcare professionals and institutions.","qid":11,"docid":"w10y5sf9","rank":39,"score":7.596599102020264},{"content":"The passage, titled \"Recommendations for the organization of electrophysiology and cardiac pacing services during the COVID-19 pandemic,\" provides guidelines from the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) and several collaborating societies on managing electrophysiology services during the pandemic. The document addresses the challenge of preventing disease spread while ensuring continued care for patients. Recommendations include triaging procedures, device checks, and clinic visits to determine which can be postpon","qid":11,"docid":"7jxwn2y6","rank":40,"score":7.578400135040283},{"content":"The passage, titled \"Recommendations for the organization of electrophysiology and cardiac pacing services during the COVID-19 pandemic,\" provides guidelines from the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) and several collaborating societies on managing electrophysiology services during the pandemic. The document addresses the challenge of preventing disease spread while ensuring continued care for patients. Recommendations include triaging procedures, device checks, and clinic visits to determine which can be postpon","qid":11,"docid":"wydt1ykq","rank":41,"score":7.578399181365967},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruptions in prostate cancer services and increased risk of infection and mortality for patients due to gender, age, and pre-existing conditions. A literature search was conducted to provide evidence-based recommendations for managing PCa patients during the pandemic. Of the 72 initial sources, 23 retrospective studies, 7 research articles, 15 guidelines, and 21 epidemiological data sources were analyzed. PCa patients","qid":11,"docid":"bsbz3a1l","rank":42,"score":7.497099876403809},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on resources in surgical oncology, leading to triage based on acuity, expected outcomes, availability of resources, and safety. The MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium created guidelines for triaging head and neck cancer surgeries based on multidisciplinary consensus, considering subsites such as aerodigestive tract mucosa, sinonasal, salivary, end","qid":11,"docid":"3fs7r79z","rank":43,"score":7.457099914550781},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on resources in surgical oncology, leading to triage based on acuity, expected outcomes, availability of resources, and safety. The MD Anderson Head and Neck Surgery Treatment Guidelines Consortium created guidelines for triaging head and neck cancer surgeries based on multidisciplinary consensus, considering subsites such as aerodigestive tract mucosa, sinonasal, salivary, end","qid":11,"docid":"tbxjodu0","rank":44,"score":7.457098960876465},{"content":"A study was conducted to establish safe and effective methods for treating vascular surgical emergencies in an area with Covid-19 outbreak. Four patients were identified as having vascular emergencies and were screened for Covid-19. Two had acute thoracic aortic dissection, one had an infected left foot ulcer, and one had severe carotid artery stenosis. All patients were diagnosed quickly using a triage process and received endov","qid":11,"docid":"kyvggk83","rank":45,"score":7.410900115966797},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant strain on healthcare resources, leading to prioritization of coronavirus infected patients and increased risk for cardiovascular patients. Effective management of cardiac patients in hospitals during the pandemic is a challenge. This passage reviews literature and emerging guidelines on the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19, which will impact patient care, healthcare professionals, and cardiac centers.","qid":11,"docid":"5gd0q8yq","rank":46,"score":7.4045000076293945},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant strain on healthcare resources, leading to prioritization of coronavirus infected patients and increased risk for cardiovascular patients. Effective management of cardiac patients in hospitals during the pandemic is a challenge. This passage reviews literature and emerging guidelines on the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19, which will impact patient care, healthcare professionals, and cardiac centers.","qid":11,"docid":"nj0ue2c2","rank":47,"score":7.404499053955078},{"content":"In the post-lockdown era, gastrointestinal tract endoscopies pose a risk to staff and uninfected patients due to their aerosol-generating nature. The suppression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread through lockdown measures will not eliminate the virus. Endoscopy societies have issued guidelines to triage patients and limit procedures to emergencies and urgents cases, postponing routine endoscop","qid":11,"docid":"sqqxvqi8","rank":48,"score":7.394199848175049},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a potential shortage of ventilators. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the number of publicly available US state guidelines for ventilator allocation and the variation in state recommendations. As of May 10, 2020, 26 states had guidelines, with 15 of these recommending the use of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Six states prioritized specific groups, and many states had exclusion","qid":11,"docid":"m7761w4f","rank":49,"score":7.39169979095459},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a potential shortage of ventilators. This systematic review evaluated publicly available ventilator allocation guidelines in US states and found that as of May 10, 2020, 26 states had guidelines, with 15 of these recommending the use of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Six states prioritized specific groups, and many states had exclusion criteria. Withdrawal of ventilators","qid":11,"docid":"ocd2i2j6","rank":50,"score":7.391698837280273},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for bioethical guidelines on scarce medical resource allocation during the Covid-19 pandemic, with a focus on Mexico's proactive approach in creating such a guide. The guide, published by the General Sanitary Council on April 30, 2020, prioritizes social justice and the equal value of all lives. The passage outlines the ethical and legal principles established in the guide, emphasizing the importance of fair and ethical decision-","qid":11,"docid":"0u56njnr","rank":51,"score":7.383600234985352},{"content":"A cross-sectional observational study in Cairo, Egypt examined patient satisfaction with teledermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using synchronous (live interaction via WhatsApp and Zoom) and asynchronous (WhatsApp, emails) models, patients reported high satisfaction (91.0%), usefulness (93.7%), interface and interaction quality (85.9% and 87.0%), ease and use learnability","qid":11,"docid":"bxbfmyx8","rank":52,"score":7.338799953460693},{"content":"A cross-sectional observational study in Cairo, Egypt examined patient satisfaction with teledermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using synchronous (live interaction via WhatsApp and Zoom) and asynchronous (WhatsApp, emails) models, patients reported high satisfaction (91.0%), usefulness (93.7%), interface and interaction quality (85.9% and 87.0%), ease and use learnability","qid":11,"docid":"h0nzsla0","rank":53,"score":7.338798999786377},{"content":"Thousands of military medical workers in Hubei Province are treating coronavirus patients and summarizing experiences. A new guideline for diagnosing and treating the virus in military hospitals was established based on the 6th edition of China's National Health Commission guidelines. Unique opinions on disease name, diagnosis criteria, antiviral treatment, and glucocorticoid application are included in this military-specific version. This article aims to clarify the guideline and assist in its application","qid":11,"docid":"prozgpn8","rank":54,"score":7.285299777984619},{"content":"Thousands of military medical workers in Hubei Province are treating coronavirus patients and summarizing experiences. A new guideline for diagnosing and treating the virus in military hospitals was established based on the 6th edition of China's National Health Commission guidelines. Unique opinions on disease naming, diagnosis criteria, antiviral treatment, and glucocorticoid application are included in this military-specific version. This article aims to clarify the guideline and assist in its","qid":11,"docid":"w8qtzjbl","rank":55,"score":7.285298824310303},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern with over 4 million confirmed cases and 280,000 deaths as of May 12, 2020. The risk of transmission in dental clinics is high due to the nature of dental procedures. This paper provides information on COVID-19's name, characteristics, transmission routes, and risk points in dental clinics, as well","qid":11,"docid":"au0sfe8g","rank":56,"score":7.275100231170654},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a major global health concern with over 4 million confirmed cases and 280,000 deaths as of May 12, 2020. The risk of transmission between dental specialists and patients is high due to the nature of dental practice. This paper provides information on COVID-19's name, characteristics, transmission routes, and risk points in dental clinics,","qid":11,"docid":"jxi0mvbi","rank":57,"score":7.275099277496338},{"content":"During the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, effective coordination between the curative and public health sectors in the Netherlands was crucial for identifying, referring, and investigating suspected cases. A study evaluated stakeholders' experiences in preparedness and found that while preparations were considered extensive, regional coordination varied and more standardization was needed. The median delay for referred patients with suspected Ebola from first illness to triage was 2.0","qid":11,"docid":"9kw5r0bw","rank":58,"score":7.2621002197265625},{"content":"A Swiss tertiary care hospital set up a COVID-19 triage unit with pre-triage, triage, and triage plus areas. Between March 10 and April 12, 2020, 1265 patients were screened, of whom 112 (8.9%) tested positive. Females (65%) were younger (mean age 41.1 years) than males (35%, mean age","qid":11,"docid":"holb6bk3","rank":59,"score":7.259300231933594},{"content":"A Swiss tertiary care hospital set up a COVID-19 triage unit with pre-triage, triage, and triage plus areas. Between March 10th and April 12th, 1,265 patients were screened, of which 112 (8.9%) tested positive. Females (73, 65%) were younger (mean age 41.1 years) than males (39, ","qid":11,"docid":"lom4jdcj","rank":60,"score":7.259299278259277},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for and creation of a bioethical guide on scarce medical resource allocation during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico. The guide, published by the General Sanitary Council on April 30, 2020, is based on the principle of social justice, which values all lives equally. The passage explains the importance of creating such guidelines to ensure fair and ethical decision-making and prevent decisions motivated by corrupt actions. The guide provides ethical and legal principles","qid":11,"docid":"xp7fxceo","rank":61,"score":7.2494001388549805},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global health emergency by WHO in March 2020, highlights the potential of telemedicine to help contain the virus while maintaining healthcare services. Telemedicine can contribute to triage, diagnosis, treatment, and remote monitoring, particularly for infected individuals and those with chronic diseases. It also allows healthcare personnel to stay connected. However, there are limitations, and it's crucial to establish national guidelines, legal frameworks, and financing","qid":11,"docid":"yxa8z17c","rank":62,"score":7.238699913024902},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a major disruption to surgical practice with over 2.4 million cases and 165,000 deaths. All surgical specialties have had to prioritize procedures and consider non-surgical options. The pandemic has affected ways of working, surgical techniques, patient and staff safety, and training. Guidelines specific to each specialty have been implemented to ensure safe and effective care during the crisis. This review assesses the","qid":11,"docid":"dgysimh5","rank":63,"score":7.222400188446045},{"content":"The passage discusses proposed modifications to the 6-minute walk test for its potential use in triaging patients with mild COVID-19. The test, which measures a person's endurance by assessing how far they can walk in six minutes, may help identify those at higher risk for severe illness or hospitalization. The proposed modifications aim to make the test more feasible and safe for use in COVID-19 patients, including the option for a 3-minute walk test and","qid":11,"docid":"ss8yikca","rank":64,"score":7.174300193786621},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted surgical practice with over 4.5 million cases and 300,000 deaths. All specialties have had to triage surgical procedures, consider non-surgical options, and adapt to changes in ways of working, surgical techniques, theatre workflow, patient and staff safety, and training. Guidelines specific to each specialty have been implemented to ensure safe and effective care during the pandemic. This review assess","qid":11,"docid":"m5oh91ha","rank":65,"score":7.150700092315674},{"content":"In a crisis, societal needs and triage guidelines conflict on prioritizing lives or life-years. Neonatal units have ventilators that could be used for adults, raising the question of whether extremely premature babies' treatment should be altered to conserve ventilators. While some adults may have higher survival rates, premature babies, if saved, will likely live longer, maximizing life-years. Fair and unbiased triage guidelines are essential, ensuring equal","qid":11,"docid":"l3tmzksv","rank":66,"score":7.144000053405762},{"content":"The University of Washington has shared experiences on managing the COVID-19 pandemic and preparing for patient surges in radiology departments. With the US having the highest number of COVID-19 cases globally, radiology departments play a crucial role in policy and guideline development, optimizing workflows, volumes, and access for anticipated patient surges. This article outlines the strategies implemented at the University of Washington, which may offer valuable insights for other radiology departments in the early stages of","qid":11,"docid":"v9zrivd3","rank":67,"score":7.132800102233887},{"content":"A mathematical model was used to compare the estimated short-term survival of a critical care population with and without triage during a pandemic. The study identified scenarios where triage could result in more survivors due to more efficient use of critical care bed days based on length of stay. However, the impact of triage is dependent on the level of demand and the scale of differences between included and excluded groups in terms of length of stay and critical care survival. It cannot be assumed that triage will always result","qid":11,"docid":"w0qs3lm1","rank":68,"score":7.103400230407715},{"content":"The National Health Commission of China released an updated version (trial version 5) of the guidelines for diagnosing and treating novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. The new edition includes revisions to recognize, treat, and prevent the disease based on current understanding. Specific contents of the update compared to the fourth edition are not mentioned in the passage.","qid":11,"docid":"5wwlur3m","rank":69,"score":7.100900173187256},{"content":"The National Health Commission of China released an updated version (trial version 5) of the guidelines for diagnosing and treating novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. The new edition includes revisions to recognize, treat, and prevent the disease based on current understanding. Specific contents of the fifth edition compared to the fourth are not mentioned in the passage.","qid":11,"docid":"zt0s6vo8","rank":70,"score":7.1008992195129395},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic puts extra pressure on healthcare systems and workers, as patients with severe symptoms may also experience acute neurological emergencies like ischemic stroke. Ischemic strokes in COVID-19 patients can be caused by complications of the virus or preexisting cerebrovascular disorders. For patients with large vessel occlusions (LVO), determining eligibility for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) requires consideration of COVID-1","qid":11,"docid":"hyevq5r0","rank":71,"score":7.093800067901611},{"content":"During the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel, a study was conducted to describe the status of ophthalmology practice. One hundred and sixty-seven ophthalmologists completed a survey, reporting no reduction in elective clinic visits and surgeries, and no utilization of triage questionnaires. Official guidelines were absent, with COVID-19 guidelines only given to hospital ophthalmologists. Personal protective equipment was used, but often acquired individually","qid":11,"docid":"9qls6bgw","rank":72,"score":7.091599941253662},{"content":"This paper aims to provide dental professionals with international guidelines for caring for pediatric patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on minimally invasive caries management alternatives to reduce viral cross-infection risk and create a safer clinical environment. The study used an evidence-based literature search and summarized guidelines that emphasize minimizing Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGPs) and treating only emergency and urgent cases. Special attention is given to medically","qid":11,"docid":"oubaezfi","rank":73,"score":7.047900199890137},{"content":"This systematic review and meta-analysis of 54 studies on 10,898 COVID-19 patients aimed to define the clinical, electrocardiographic, and pathologic spectrum of cardiovascular disease (CVD), frequency of elevated cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, and their relationship with severity and mortality. Acute cardiac injury occurred in over 25% of cases, mortality was 20 times higher,","qid":11,"docid":"ynel6ore","rank":74,"score":7.043700218200684},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected over 2.7 million people globally with over 187,000 deaths as of April 2020. A growing body of evidence suggests central nervous system (CNS) involvement. This review summarizes the literature on COVID-19 pathophysiology, neurological manifestations, and recommendations for neuroscience providers. CNS manifestations range from","qid":11,"docid":"pocccocr","rank":75,"score":7.035900115966797},{"content":"A large general hospital faced a crisis due to an in-house outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS). The crisis was managed successfully through a Standard Operation Procedure (SOP), which included containing SARS patients, sorting the hospital into areas, triaging patients, closing the emergency room and outpatient clinics, and setting up an outdoor fever screening station. The quick implementation of these procedures controlled the situation. The central argument is","qid":11,"docid":"2c114qbp","rank":76,"score":7.029399871826172},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19, specifically conjunctivitis, based on anecdotal and published reports and previous experiences during the SARS outbreak. Lack of eye protection was identified as a risk factor for transmission of SARS-CoV through ocular secretions. Concerns have been raised about the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the same route, particularly among eye care providers.","qid":11,"docid":"vzxutyii","rank":77,"score":7.015200138092041},{"content":"A group of international lung cancer radiotherapy experts established consensus recommendations for adapting radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic through a modified Delphi process. In a risk-mitigation scenario, efforts should be made to follow guideline-recommended radiotherapy practice and postpone or interrupt treatment for COVID-19 positive patients to minimize exposure. In a severe scenario with reduced resources, patient triage should consider potential for cure, relative benefit of radiation, life expectancy, and","qid":11,"docid":"96mkzzh9","rank":78,"score":7.012199878692627},{"content":"A group of international lung cancer radiotherapy experts established consensus recommendations for adapting radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic in two scenarios: risk mitigation and severe resource reduction. In the risk mitigation scenario, efforts should be made to follow guideline-recommended radiotherapy practice while postponing or interrupting treatment for COVID-19 positive patients to minimize exposure risks. In the severe resource reduction scenario, patient triage is necessary, considering factors like potential for cure, relative","qid":11,"docid":"mm7amtch","rank":79,"score":7.0121989250183105},{"content":"A group of international lung cancer radiotherapy experts established consensus recommendations for adapting radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic in two scenarios: risk mitigation and severe resource reduction. In the risk mitigation scenario, efforts should be made to follow guideline-recommended radiotherapy practice, while postponing or interrupting treatment for COVID-19 positive patients to minimize infection risk. In the severe resource reduction scenario, patient triage is necessary, considering factors like potential for cure,","qid":11,"docid":"qrcv4iuq","rank":80,"score":7.012197971343994},{"content":"A group of international lung cancer radiotherapy experts established consensus recommendations for adapting radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic through a modified Delphi process. In a risk-mitigation scenario, efforts should be made to follow guideline-recommended radiotherapy practice and postpone or interrupt treatment for COVID-19 positive patients to minimize exposure risks. In a severe pandemic scenario with reduced resources, patient triage should consider potential for cure, relative benefit of radiation, life expectancy","qid":11,"docid":"r9srhj4q","rank":81,"score":7.012197017669678},{"content":"A group of 13 spine surgeons from various hospitals in Singapore held a teleconference on April 24, 2020 to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on spine surgery and share best practices. Topics included repurposing of surgeons, continuity of spine services, telemedicine, triaging of spinal surgeries, preoperative testing, new challenges in performing spine surgery, and preparing for the post-pandemic era.","qid":11,"docid":"zsv0tt1l","rank":82,"score":7.0005998611450195},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns about coagulopathy and its complications. This review discusses interim guidelines from the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis for managing COVID-19-induced coagulopathy, their effectiveness, and the response from the scientific community. Patients have not responded well to recommended prophylactic doses of heparin, leading to the consideration of higher doses or alternative anticoag","qid":11,"docid":"dip71w25","rank":83,"score":6.984499931335449},{"content":"In late 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan spread to Changsha, leading the local hospital to implement triage procedures based on epidemiology. The study of triage data revealed an enrichment of COVID-19 patients in Section A for rapid detection and quarantine, while Section B received three times more visits from patients without epidemiological history. Out of 247 suspected patients, eight","qid":11,"docid":"tof0so67","rank":84,"score":6.979499816894531},{"content":"This review summarizes the experience of infection control practices in a pediatric referral and tertiary care hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors emphasize the importance of preventing transmission to healthcare workers (HCWs) due to the potential role of asymptomatic children in spreading the virus. Four primary themes are identified for infection control: ongoing education, proper clinical triage and isolation, organization of COVID-19 wards, and utilization of personal protective equipment.","qid":11,"docid":"q1zyesvx","rank":85,"score":6.9710001945495605},{"content":"The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has affected over 2.7 million people globally with over 187,000 deaths as of April 2020. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 range from mild non-specific symptoms to severe neurological impairment. The neurological dysfunction may result from direct viral injury or","qid":11,"docid":"idxxu82o","rank":86,"score":6.962500095367432},{"content":"A review of the literature and societal guidelines on the risk of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 transmission in operating rooms to healthcare workers. Asymptomatic patients may carry the virus before showing symptoms, but the risk of transmission is unclear due to difficulty assessing disease prevalence. Aerosol-generating procedures increase transmission risk from symptomatic patients, but none from asymptomatic ones have been reported. Minimizing aerosols and using personal protective","qid":11,"docid":"f76ypfma","rank":87,"score":6.929599761962891},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 virus had infected over 1.3 million people and resulted in over 70,000 deaths by the first week of April 2020. The virus can cause severe respiratory infections and there is controversy over its transmission through the eye and conjunctiva. Ophthalmic practices present a risk due to the close proximity of patients and eyecare workers","qid":11,"docid":"2qqkoeo9","rank":88,"score":6.901100158691406},{"content":"The passage discusses the global health threat of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which had infected over 1.3 million people and resulted in over 70,000 deaths by the first week of April 2020. The virus can cause severe respiratory infection and there is controversy over its transmission through the eye and ocular surface. Eyecare workers are at risk due to the virus's ease of","qid":11,"docid":"5l308s0c","rank":89,"score":6.90109920501709},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected over 1.3 million people and resulted in over 70,000 deaths as of the first week of April 2020. The virus can cause respiratory infection and distress, and there is controversy over whether it can be transmitted through the eye and conjunctiva. The close proximity required in eyecare presents a risk to workers. Various organizations","qid":11,"docid":"8jhubc2q","rank":90,"score":6.901098251342773},{"content":"A retrospective analysis was conducted on the Saudi Ministry of Health's visual triage system for MERS-CoV infection, which was implemented in 2017. The study reviewed cases from a MERS-CoV referral center in Riyadh from 2014 to 2017, totaling 2435 suspected cases. Of these, 1823 (75%) tested negative and 612 (2","qid":11,"docid":"4hk736ev","rank":91,"score":6.900100231170654},{"content":"In this analysis, the author discusses the evolution of triage criteria for pandemic patients from a critical care perspective during three phases of a pandemic, such as COVID-19. In the first phase, clinical prioritization and decision-making are based on the need for intensive care and prognosis. In the second phase, resources are limited due to an influx of patients and the use of auxiliary beds, leading to the abandonment of patients with uncertain prognoses. In","qid":11,"docid":"dvmv5u5j","rank":92,"score":6.870999813079834},{"content":"A narrative review summarizes the risks dentists face in contracting SARS-CoV-2 due to the virus' presence in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions. The CDC's guidelines and triaging protocols for identifying potential carriers and providing safe treatment to low-risk patients are discussed.","qid":11,"docid":"6p6v6z9q","rank":93,"score":6.866499900817871},{"content":"A narrative review summarizes the risks dentists face in contracting SARS-CoV-2 due to the virus' presence in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions. The CDC's guidelines and triaging protocols for identifying potential carriers and providing safe treatment to low-risk patients are discussed.","qid":11,"docid":"cu2f91rf","rank":94,"score":6.866498947143555},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected healthcare sectors worldwide, leading to recommendations and guidelines for surgical practice and patient management. These guidelines suggest triaging patients, prioritizing emergency surgeries, and delaying elective procedures. However, as COVID-19 may become endemic, current guidelines may no longer be applicable. Surgical practices cannot be suspended indefinitely, so new guidelines are needed to allow surgeons to resume general surgical practice safely.","qid":11,"docid":"7b72491d","rank":95,"score":6.858399868011475},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected healthcare sectors worldwide, leading to guidelines and recommendations for surgical practice and patient management. These guidelines prioritize emergency surgeries and delay elective procedures. However, as COVID-19 may become endemic, current guidelines may no longer be valid. Surgical practices cannot be suspended indefinitely, so new guidelines are needed to allow surgeons to resume general surgical practice safely.","qid":11,"docid":"ndngpmpw","rank":96,"score":6.858398914337158},{"content":"A review of the evidence on asymptomatic carriage and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the operating room. Asymptomatic patients may have detectable viral loads before showing symptoms or may never develop symptoms. Transmission risk depends on the prevalence of disease in the population. Aerosol-generating procedures increase transmission risk from symptomatic patients, but none from asymptomatic ones have been reported. Minimizing aerosols and using personal protective equipment","qid":11,"docid":"7h7v6abe","rank":97,"score":6.843100070953369},{"content":"A study compared patient-led triage systems in Singapore, Japan, Norway, the USA, and the UK based on COVID-19 case scenarios and case fatality rates. Singapore, Japan, and Norway maintained low thresholds for clinical contact, while the USA and the UK had high thresholds, triaging most cases home. There was an inverse correlation between percentage of cases referred and case fatality rates. Singapore, Norway, and Japan performed well in identifying severe cases, while the","qid":11,"docid":"6xer2cty","rank":98,"score":6.840700149536133},{"content":"The passage discusses the increased risk and potential complications for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of these conditions on healthcare systems and propose strategies for managing patients in the COVID-19 settings. Existing recommendations and guidelines have limitations for patients with multiple comorbidities, and the reorganization of health services around the pandemic response further exacerbates","qid":11,"docid":"iu2rgpb0","rank":99,"score":6.829999923706055},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected cancer care due to lockdowns, reduced hospital beds, and deferral of elective cases. Surgery is crucial for many solid organ tumors, and delaying it during the pandemic may impact long-term outcomes. China, as the source of the pandemic, has been in the post-transitional phase for over three months, and deferring cancer surgeries for this long could have consequences. Triage guidelines for cancer surgery during the","qid":11,"docid":"1ogglaa3","rank":100,"score":6.824100017547607}]}
{"query":"what are best practices in hospitals and at home in maintaining quarantine?","hits":[{"content":"The passage summarizes research on functional assessment and function-based treatment for challenging behavior delivered via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article provides a brief overview of studies that have used telehealth for behavior analysis, focusing on functional assessment and treatment. The authors discuss the findings of these studies and their implications for behavior analysts, suggesting areas for further research to advance the practice of telehealth in behavior analysis.","qid":12,"docid":"rb416bbs","rank":1,"score":10.191699981689453},{"content":"The passage summarizes research on functional assessment and function-based treatment for challenging behavior delivered via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article provides a brief overview of studies that have used telehealth for behavior analysis, focusing on functional assessment and treatment. The authors discuss the findings of these studies and their implications for behavior analysts, suggesting areas for further research to advance the practice of telehealth in behavior analysis.","qid":12,"docid":"x70u9gz6","rank":2,"score":10.191699028015137},{"content":"The AAHA ICPB Guidelines emphasize the importance of infection control, prevention, and biosecurity in veterinary practices to protect patients, clients, and staff from medical, social, and financial consequences of breaches. Recommendations include limiting pathogen exposure, using surveillance methods, and upgrading ICPB efforts through establishing an infection control practitioner, developing standard operating procedures, assessing facility strengths, creating a staff education and training plan, cataloging client education material,","qid":12,"docid":"8z3l5k4l","rank":3,"score":9.829099655151367},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of home quarantine on physical activity among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults are at higher risk for severe complications from SARS CoV-2 and need to avoid a sedentary lifestyle to maintain independence, mental health, and well-being. The study conducted semistructured interviews with professionals and older adults to evaluate the impact of quarantine on physical activity programs and discuss alternatives for older adults to avoid a sedentary","qid":12,"docid":"0ojan1ey","rank":4,"score":9.300600051879883},{"content":"A national survey was conducted to evaluate the condition of pulmonary hypertension patients in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Of the 120 patients and 23 family members who participated, most were in home quarantine and had heart function well maintained. One patient was confirmed to have COVID-19, and two were hospitalized due to worsening heart function. Nearly 70% of participants reported medication shortages, and 24.2%","qid":12,"docid":"1nxfh9yt","rank":5,"score":8.928799629211426},{"content":"A home hospitalization system using IoT, Fog computing, and Cloud computing is proposed to address the challenges of accommodating elderly patients with chronic diseases and reducing the risk of virus transmission in hospitals. This system enables remote monitoring of patient health and hospitalization room conditions, allowing doctors to make recommendations through mobile applications and monitoring units. The results indicate high acceptance from both patients and doctors.","qid":12,"docid":"azgfda21","rank":6,"score":8.831100463867188},{"content":"A new SEIDIUQHRD model was proposed and calibrated to describe COVID-19 transmission dynamics in Russia, Brazil, India, and Bangladesh. The model was calibrated using publicly available data and a Trust-Region-Reflective algorithm. The study predicted epidemic peak sizes and dates for each country, estimating Russia's peak at around 15,774 cases in early June, Brazil's at 26,449","qid":12,"docid":"cgde85eo","rank":7,"score":8.62090015411377},{"content":"The passage summarizes the epic3 guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England. Originally published in 2001 and updated in 2007, these evidence-based guidelines undergo regular reviews to incorporate new research and technological advances. The updated evidence base indicated that the epic2 guidelines remain relevant but required some adjustments for clarity and new recommendations. The guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for preventing HCA","qid":12,"docid":"nb0j6k3h","rank":8,"score":8.611700057983398},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of maintaining local and regional stockpiles of medical supplies, medications, and equipment for mass casualty incidents. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) manages federally stockpiled materials, hospitals and regional organizations are responsible for their locally owned caches. The article provides best practices and recommendations from literature on assessing, inventorying, storing, managing, tracking, and deploying stockpiled materials. Alternative inventory methods","qid":12,"docid":"e4sshkgk","rank":9,"score":8.591699600219727},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak, home confinement causes unprecedented stress that can disrupt sleep, leading to increased daytime stress, anxiety, and depression. Sleep disturbance can negatively impact emotional functioning. This paper summarizes the stress-sleep link, effects of confinement on sleep, and effective insomnia treatment. Adaptations of cognitive behavioral therapy elements are suggested for those with changed work schedules, health anxiety, and childcare responsibilities, while recognizing limitations on","qid":12,"docid":"lf6t8xmm","rank":10,"score":8.455300331115723},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, pregnant persons, including those living with HIV (PLHIV), are considering home births due to quarantine policies and concerns about acquiring the virus in hospitals. While hospital birth is recommended for PLHIV, this article discusses counseling and preparation for those considering home birth or at risk for unintentional home births. Key points include the increase in home birth interest due to the pandemic, the pursuit of home birth by PLH","qid":12,"docid":"as5d3hk4","rank":11,"score":8.407600402832031},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, pregnant persons, including those living with HIV (PLHIV), are considering home births due to quarantine policies and concerns about acquiring the virus in hospitals. While hospital birth is recommended for PLHIV, this article discusses counseling and preparation for those considering home birth or at risk for unintentional home births. Key points include the increased interest in home births due to the pandemic and the importance of safe planning for PL","qid":12,"docid":"wyuz1az9","rank":12,"score":8.407599449157715},{"content":"Dental practices should implement frequent cleaning policies to reduce the risk of coronavirus transmission. Public places like supermarkets and workplaces have contaminated surfaces, increasing the possibility of bringing germs into dental practices and homes.","qid":12,"docid":"7ftq02ev","rank":13,"score":8.389900207519531},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate a telemedicine system developed to monitor and manage home-quarantined patients with COVID-19 using WeChat. The system allowed patients to self-assess their conditions and update a multidisciplinary team, enabling timely treatment decisions. Among 188 individuals using the system, 63% of confirmed COVID-19 patients required continued monitoring, with 6 of these patients eventually being hospitalized due to","qid":12,"docid":"k6qbxrg6","rank":14,"score":8.38949966430664},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak, home confinement causes unprecedented stress that can disrupt sleep, leading to increased daytime stress, anxiety, and depression. Sleep disturbance can negatively impact emotional functioning. This paper summarizes the stress-sleep link, effects of confinement on sleep, and effective insomnia treatment. Adaptations of cognitive behavioral therapy elements are suggested for those with changed work schedules, health anxiety, and childcare responsibilities, while recognizing limitations on","qid":12,"docid":"x1ffjbvi","rank":15,"score":8.326399803161621},{"content":"The International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene released a report addressing community concerns about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile (C. difficile), and Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. These organisms, while primarily associated with healthcare settings, are also a concern in the community due to their potential","qid":12,"docid":"kln3t3ru","rank":16,"score":8.296899795532227},{"content":"Radiology departments must quickly implement home PACS workstations to ensure radiologic services during the COVID-19 pandemic and comply with physical distancing and quarantine orders. The article shares an experience of successfully deploying such workstations.","qid":12,"docid":"0vkuxggb","rank":17,"score":8.261500358581543},{"content":"The article shares an experience of rapidly deploying home workstations for radiology services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure radiologic expertise and facilitate physical distancing.","qid":12,"docid":"nlfr3lth","rank":18,"score":8.261499404907227},{"content":"Nursing homes, which are at the center of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the rapid spread among residents and staff, face challenges in implementing isolation of suspected or confirmed cases due to the cognitive impairments of many residents with dementia. While involuntary confinement is ethically and legally justifiable, there is a risk of unintended harm and a lack of guidance for safe and compassionate isolation care planning. This commentary suggests strategies for effective, safe, and","qid":12,"docid":"iphuh7wp","rank":19,"score":8.235199928283691},{"content":"Nursing homes, which have become hotspots for COVID-19 outbreaks, face challenges in isolating suspected or confirmed cases due to the cognitive impairments of many residents with dementia. While involuntary confinement is ethically and legally justifiable, potential harm is high, and guidance for safe and compassionate isolation is limited. This commentary suggests strategies for effective isolation care planning and presents a case study of a person with dementia in quarantine.","qid":12,"docid":"q03884i9","rank":20,"score":8.235198974609375},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting home quarantine have negatively impacted sleep parameters and quality in healthy individuals. Participants reported delayed bedtimes and wake-up times, poorer sleep quality, and more daily disturbances during quarantine. These effects were observed in all chronotypes. The study concludes that home quarantine has a detrimental impact on sleep and suggests online interventions for improving sleep and managing stress.","qid":12,"docid":"agwhkfcb","rank":21,"score":8.217000007629395},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 infection, estimated to be around 5% of the population, based on comorbid medical illness and age. This population, which includes individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and significant kidney or liver impairment, represents a significant number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and","qid":12,"docid":"3jwl97qb","rank":22,"score":8.089599609375},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 infection, estimated to be around 5% of the population, based on comorbid medical illness and age. This population, which includes individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and significant kidney or liver impairment, represents a significant number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and","qid":12,"docid":"7ofa04l1","rank":23,"score":8.089598655700684},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to maintaining treatment services for people who use drugs, including opiate agonist treatment and needle syringe programs. Staff availability and patient isolation requirements may impact the supply of opiate treatment, necessitating changes such as monthly depot buprenorphine and moving from supervised dosing. Home delivery of methadone and buprenorphine, as well as access to take-home naloxone, is crucial to reduce over","qid":12,"docid":"i5b0k41k","rank":24,"score":8.075799942016602},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to treatment services for people who use drugs, including opiate agonist treatment and needle syringe programs. Staff availability and patient isolation requirements may disrupt traditional treatment methods, necessitating changes such as monthly depot buprenorphine and home delivery of methadone and buprenorphine. People who use drugs are more vulnerable during the pandemic due to health literacy issues, stigma, and potential prioritization of drug use over","qid":12,"docid":"wldxibrt","rank":25,"score":8.075798988342285},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of mathematical models, specifically the SEIR model with time-varying transmission rate Beta and removal rate Gamma (TVBG-SEIR model), for analyzing the spread of COVID-19 and predicting the impact of public health interventions. The authors aim to extend the classical SIR\/SEIR models by incorporating time-varying parameters to better reflect the changing dynamics of the epidemic. They have developed a tool based on the","qid":12,"docid":"9b49796l","rank":26,"score":8.067000389099121},{"content":"This study aimed to identify factors influencing individuals' decision to comply with a hypothetical avian influenza quarantine order. A survey of 1204 Pennsylvania adults revealed women and the unemployed were more willing to comply, while those who didn't attend religious services were less willing. Demographic variables, overall knowledge of avian influenza, attitudes about its severity, and belief in contracting it were predictive. The findings can help health planners and policym","qid":12,"docid":"5jjstgkl","rank":27,"score":8.038000106811523},{"content":"The New York Institute for All Hazard Preparedness and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Healthcare Emergency Preparedness Program conducted two full-scale exercises at Kings County Hospital Center's quarantine unit to identify gaps in preparedness for quarantine and increase hospital readiness. The exercises evaluated five activities: Activation of the Unit, Staffing, Charting\/Admission, Symptom Monitoring and Infection Control, and Client Management","qid":12,"docid":"hdbbgee2","rank":28,"score":8.028900146484375},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting diabetic limb preservation care, increasing the risk of infections, hospitalizations, amputations, and death for patients with diabetes and foot ulcers. Podiatric care reduces diabetes-related amputations, ER visits, hospitalizations, and costs. Podiatrists need to shift from hospital care to community-based care, using triage systems, in-home visits, higher acuity office visits, telemedicine,","qid":12,"docid":"0mhznhsl","rank":29,"score":8.027600288391113},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting diabetic limb preservation care, increasing the risk of infections, hospitalizations, amputations, and death for patients with diabetes and foot ulcers. Podiatric care can prevent amputations, ER visits, hospitalizations, and reduce costs. Podiatrists need to shift from hospital care to community-based care through the Pandemic Diabetic Foot Tria System, in-home visits, higher acuity office visits,","qid":12,"docid":"1yv3v8w7","rank":30,"score":8.027599334716797},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using an age-specific SEIR-HQD model to examine the impact of early interventions on the age-specific incidence of COVID-19 in four cities: New York, Los Angeles, Daegu, and Nairobi. The findings reveal that the spread of COVID-19 varies significantly among cities due to differences in population age structures and interaction rates. Early interventions, such as school closures, working from home, and reduction in mobility","qid":12,"docid":"5zg3xr69","rank":31,"score":8.024299621582031},{"content":"A study assessed the immediate stress and psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. The study involved 1800 hospital practitioners and 73 patients undergoing hemodialysis. The Impact of Events Scale\u2013Revised (IES-R) was used to measure stress levels among practitioners, while patients completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Hospital Anxiety and Dep","qid":12,"docid":"zmfcfbo8","rank":32,"score":8.02299976348877},{"content":"During the COVID-19 quarantine, individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) maintained good glycemic control despite reduced physical activity. A retrospective study of 13 individuals using HCL system found an increase in Time in Range (TIR) and a decrease in Time Below Range (TBR) during the quarantine period. Those who continued physical activity at home had even better glycemic control. The study suggests that","qid":12,"docid":"4vhlgqig","rank":33,"score":7.990799903869629},{"content":"Filipino teachers cope with anxiety caused by the COVID-19 outbreak through practices such as virtual learning, communicating with their professional community, following quarantine requirements, and engaging in purposeful activities. A survey revealed these findings after collecting data on teachers' coping mechanisms during the quarantine period.","qid":12,"docid":"csd3p35k","rank":34,"score":7.982999801635742},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, primary care played a crucial role as the first line of defense, reinforcing public health messages, managing patients at home, and identifying those requiring hospital care. In response, primary care quickly adapted by promoting physical distancing, encouraging self-quarantine, and converting in-person care to virtual using telehealth. Practices also used registries to reach out to high-risk patients and managed most suspected COVID-19 cases at home","qid":12,"docid":"d7jmakcj","rank":35,"score":7.960999965667725},{"content":"A severe intellectual disabilities hospital in Hong Kong implemented several precautions during the SARS outbreak in 2003, including assessing risk, creating operational guidelines, implementing infection control measures, educating and training staff, conducting audits, and carrying out environmental improvement work. Patients were at risk of infection from carers, visitors, volunteers, and staff and patients of general hospitals. A quarantine unit and isolation ward were opened to prevent infection. No day or home leave was","qid":12,"docid":"ax7tm4os","rank":36,"score":7.937600135803223},{"content":"During the COVID-19 quarantine, individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a hybrid closed loop system maintained good glycemic control. There was an increase in time in range (72%) and a decrease in time below range (1%) during the complete lockdown compared to when movements were only reduced. Those who continued physical activity during quarantine had a greater improvement in time in range. The presence of physical activity during quarantine was the only significant predictor of","qid":12,"docid":"f6kaef4a","rank":37,"score":7.902100086212158},{"content":"A review of 24 studies on the psychological impact of quarantine due to the December, 2019 coronavirus outbreak found negative effects such as post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma. Officials should keep quarantine periods as short as necessary, provide clear information, and ensure adequate supplies. Appe","qid":12,"docid":"nyan7jnt","rank":38,"score":7.898399829864502},{"content":"Chapter 7 discusses Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), focusing on factors affecting it and methods to optimize it. Topics include building-related illness (BRI) and sick building syndrome (SBS), the importance of interior air quality, and health risks from inorganic contaminants like asbestos, radon, and lead, as well as organic contaminants such as aldehydes, volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and","qid":12,"docid":"3zzqfy1e","rank":39,"score":7.886600017547607},{"content":"COVID-19, a new coronavirus, has infected over 12 million people and killed over 67,000 as of April 6, 2020, in 208 countries. With no vaccine or treatment available, social distancing through home isolation is the best prevention. Three novel epidemic models have been developed to account for this, including susceptible population, immigrant population, home isolation population, infectious population, hospital quarantine population,","qid":12,"docid":"8y92vh5y","rank":40,"score":7.846099853515625},{"content":"COVID-19, a new coronavirus, has infected over 12 million people and killed over 67,000 as of April 6, 2020, in 208 countries. With no vaccine or treatment available, social distancing through home isolation is the best prevention. Three novel epidemic models have been developed to account for this, including susceptible population, immigrant population, home isolation population, infectious population, hospital quarantine population,","qid":12,"docid":"ilkmkun5","rank":41,"score":7.846098899841309},{"content":"A systematic-dynamic model was built to study SARS transmission and the impact of control measures in Beijing. Key variables for transmission included mean duration between disease onset and hospital admission, and contacts of infectious individuals. For control, important factors were physician alertness, quarantine and isolation measures, ventilation, and disinfection. \"Screening for fever\" practice at hospital entrances had minimal impact. The study concluded that Beijing's current disease control measures were effective in controlling the","qid":12,"docid":"21deuayd","rank":42,"score":7.822500228881836},{"content":"A high-volume Italian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) center experienced significant clinical and organizational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Routine follow-up visits for stable patients were cancelled or rescheduled, but access to the hospital for therapy or unstable patients was not postponed. Patients and staff were advised to follow hand hygiene, social distancing, and mask-wearing guidelines. A control station was set up at the entrance for thermal sc","qid":12,"docid":"itqk0ju3","rank":43,"score":7.8043999671936035},{"content":"A high-volume Italian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) center experienced significant clinical and organizational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Routine follow-up visits for stable patients were cancelled or rescheduled, but access to the hospital for therapy or unstable patients was not postponed. Patients and staff were advised to follow hand hygiene, social distancing, and mask-wearing guidelines. A control station was set up at the entrance for thermal sc","qid":12,"docid":"m2ewf7wt","rank":44,"score":7.804399013519287},{"content":"A 34-year-old man with no medical history or comorbidities developed fever and shortness of breath, and was admitted to a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He had not traveled to COVID-19 prone areas or been in contact with positive patients. His chest X-ray showed ground-glass opacity in the right middle and lower lung zones, and an initial COVID-19 PCR test was negative. However, a second RT-PCR","qid":12,"docid":"0i5zlvgn","rank":45,"score":7.792099952697754},{"content":"A 34-year-old man with no medical history or comorbidities developed fever and shortness of breath, and was admitted to a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. His chest X-ray showed signs of COVID-19, but initial PCR tests were negative. A second RT-PCR test was positive, and the patient was treated with chloroquine and azithromycin. He was discharged after 12 days,","qid":12,"docid":"vr0xoohd","rank":46,"score":7.7920989990234375},{"content":"Quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to unhealthy diet and reduced physical activity due to stress and depression. This can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, as vitamins, particularly Vitamin D, have been identified as important in fighting the virus. The WHO recommends strategies to encourage healthy habits at home, including increasing physical activity and following a balanced diet. Long-term effects of quarantine on cardiovascular disease include unhealthy lifestyle and anxiety.","qid":12,"docid":"0croajal","rank":47,"score":7.742599964141846},{"content":"Quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to unhealthy diet and reduced physical activity due to stress and depression. This can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, as vitamins, particularly Vitamin D, have been identified as important in fighting the virus. The WHO recommends strategies to encourage healthy habits at home. Long-term effects of quarantine on cardiovascular disease include unhealthy lifestyle and anxiety. Post-quarantine, global action is needed","qid":12,"docid":"jt7ctj2z","rank":48,"score":7.742599010467529},{"content":"The passage summarizes the development and update of national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England. The guidelines, published in 2001, cover standard principles for preventing HCAI, infections associated with urethral catheters, and infections associated with central venous catheters. The evidence for these guidelines was identified through systematic reviews and expert opinion. In 2","qid":12,"docid":"757mh2mh","rank":49,"score":7.7332000732421875},{"content":"The passage discusses the effectiveness of quarantine in containing the spread of infectious diseases during a pandemic, but notes the challenges of economic hardship and social norm disruptions that can lead to non-compliance. In some cases, health authorities may obtain court orders to enforce quarantine, balancing individual freedom with public interest. The article provides guidance on the legal and ethical considerations of this process during the COVID-19 pandemic.","qid":12,"docid":"q49c71l1","rank":50,"score":7.723800182342529},{"content":"A retrospective chart review of 54 adult kidney transplant patients diagnosed with Covid-19 in New York State was conducted to understand the clinical course and identify therapeutic strategies. Of the 54 patients, 39 with moderate to severe symptoms were hospitalized and 15 with mild symptoms were managed at home. Hospitalized patients were more likely to be male, Hispanic, and have cardiovascular disease. Immunosuppressive drugs, such as","qid":12,"docid":"y6rfq2mx","rank":51,"score":7.718500137329102},{"content":"The passage discusses the effectiveness of isolation, testing, contact tracing, and physical distancing in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 using a model based on data from the BBC Pandemic study. The study simulated various scenarios and found that combined testing and tracing strategies reduce transmission more than mass testing or self-isolation alone (50-65% vs. 2-30%). Manual contact tracing of acquaintances with limits on gatherings could","qid":12,"docid":"bwmpamea","rank":52,"score":7.688700199127197},{"content":"This study used mathematical modeling to estimate the effectiveness of various COVID-19 control measures, including isolation, testing, contact tracing, and physical distancing, in different settings. The analysis showed that combined isolation and contact tracing strategies were more effective in reducing transmission than mass testing or self-isolation alone. The study also estimated that in a scenario with 1000 new symptomatic cases per day, manual contact tracing of acquaintances alone could have a similar effect on transmission reduction as","qid":12,"docid":"29pj30j9","rank":53,"score":7.639400005340576},{"content":"This study used mathematical modeling to estimate the effectiveness of various COVID-19 control measures, including isolation, testing, contact tracing, and physical distancing, in different settings. The study found that combined isolation and contact tracing strategies were more effective in reducing transmission than mass testing or self-isolation alone. The study also estimated that in a scenario with 1000 new symptomatic cases per day, manual contact tracing of acquaintances alone could have a similar effect on transmission reduction as","qid":12,"docid":"s4lsbl1j","rank":54,"score":7.63939905166626},{"content":"The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) released an updated clinical practice guideline in 2008 for evaluating fever and infection in older adults residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Older adults in LTCFs are at high risk for infections due to their age and multiple comorbidities. Recognizing infection can be challenging as fever may be absent in over half of LTCF residents with serious infections. L","qid":12,"docid":"wkhxbcue","rank":55,"score":7.632800102233887},{"content":"This study investigates the relationship between quarantine experiences, attitudes towards COVID-19, and mental health in China using a cross-sectional online survey and quantile regression analysis. The findings suggest that home self-quarantine is linked to decreased depression and increased happiness, while community-level quarantine is associated with decreased happiness, particularly for those in the lower happiness quantile. Favorable attitudes towards COVID-19, including confidence in real-time updates and epid","qid":12,"docid":"2pcc8dmt","rank":56,"score":7.627999782562256},{"content":"The passage discusses the implementation of telepalliative medicine consultations in the inpatient setting during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the need to decrease provider exposure and minimize personal protective equipment use while maintaining high-quality patient care. The authors describe their experience with implementing telepalliative medicine consultations for their inpatient palliative care teams and share lessons learned and recommendations for programs considering similar care models.","qid":12,"docid":"mucsf9op","rank":57,"score":7.623700141906738},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance and cost-effectiveness of promoting hygiene to prevent infectious diseases, but investment in hygiene is low in both the health and water and sanitation sectors. Improved handwashing and safe stool disposal have proven benefits. New approaches to changing hygiene behavior include a better understanding of what drives it and creative partnerships. However, there is a need for more research on interventions to improve food hygiene and making safe hyg","qid":12,"docid":"x7s6ahy6","rank":58,"score":7.611700057983398},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the cancellation of in-person clinic visits for head and neck cancer patients, resulting in a rapid growth of telemedicine use. However, there is a lack of education for patients and physicians on how to optimally use telemedicine services. This passage aims to provide guidelines for both parties to ensure effective telemedicine visits for head and neck cancer patients.","qid":12,"docid":"njlo6g78","rank":59,"score":7.578800201416016},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, many hospitals and practices have shifted from in-person outpatient clinic visits for head and neck cancer patients to telemedicine to maintain continuity of care. The sudden increase in telemedicine use has left patients and physicians unprepared, resulting in a learning curve. This passage aims to provide guidelines for both parties to optimize their telemedicine visits.","qid":12,"docid":"tcvm715u","rank":60,"score":7.578799247741699},{"content":"A study was conducted in Lombardia, Italy, to examine the impact of biologics on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, ICU admission, and death in patients with psoriatic disease. The study involved 1193 psoriatic patients treated with biologics and small molecules, and the entire Lombardia population served as controls. The results showed that patients on biologics had a higher risk","qid":12,"docid":"vb9ks4mq","rank":61,"score":7.573299884796143},{"content":"A study was conducted in Lombardia, Italy, to examine the impact of biologics on SARS-CoV-2 infection and related outcomes in patients with psoriatic disease. The study involved 1193 psoriatic patients treated with biologics and small molecules, and the entire Lombardia population served as controls. The findings showed that biologic users had a higher risk of testing positive for COVID-19, self-","qid":12,"docid":"y84qrr2x","rank":62,"score":7.573298931121826},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread to 209 countries and territories, resulting in 1,455,519 confirmed cases and 83,664 deaths as of April 8, 2020. Clinical manifestations include fever, coughing, fatigue, headache, diarrhea, and trouble breathing, among others. Preventive measures such as wearing","qid":12,"docid":"wyliojb7","rank":63,"score":7.567599773406982},{"content":"During the SARS epidemic in Beijing, China, in 2003, approximately 30,000 residents were quarantined. A survey conducted by the Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program found that quarantine should be limited to those in close contact with an ill SARS patient, as the risk of acquiring the disease was low among other quarantined individuals. Quarantine was part of a larger SARS control program that also included enhanced","qid":12,"docid":"2nqava5a","rank":64,"score":7.561200141906738},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic prompted countries to implement social distancing measures using an IBM SEIR model to study the impact of quarantine duration, start date, and intensity on the infection curve's height and position. The model's stochastic effects result in variable outcomes, necessitating probability calculations. Outcomes are categorized as best and worst scenarios. Long and intense quarantines are the most effective in ending the epidemic but challenging to implement. Shorter, intense quarant","qid":12,"docid":"ofccakya","rank":65,"score":7.530700206756592},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in cases and a need for healthcare systems to decrease provider exposure and minimize PPE use while maintaining high-quality patient care. Inpatient telepalliative medicine consultations have become necessary to reach isolated hospitalized patients and maintain provider availability. The authors describe their rapid implementation of telepalliative medicine consultations for inpatient palliative care teams and share lessons learned and recommendations for similar care models.","qid":12,"docid":"kjx03hju","rank":66,"score":7.527200222015381},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in private breeding catteries and animal shelters, excluding genetic predisposition. Over a year, 275 cats from 7 catteries and a shelter were observed monthly. FIP development was not linked to cattery size, age, sex, antibody titer, husbandry practices, or concurrent diseases. However, individual cat age, coronavirus t","qid":12,"docid":"srxjkp0v","rank":67,"score":7.48799991607666},{"content":"A model was developed using an agent-based local stochastic approach to simulate the spread of COVID-19 in Massachusetts, USA. The model takes into account geographic and population data to evaluate the impact of quarantine strategies during the initial stages of the epidemic. The results demonstrate the significance of implementing quarantines at different time points to minimize the number of cases and deaths. This interactive desktop and web-based application can be adapted to other regions to aid decision-makers in protecting","qid":12,"docid":"mdpyzr7c","rank":68,"score":7.454100131988525},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is leading to a shift in medical practice, with vulnerable and immunocompromised healthcare practitioners working from home to reduce exposure. Trusts are implementing telephone or video outpatient appointments. This article outlines the necessary equipment for healthcare practitioners to set up a home office and discusses opportunities for teaching, learning, audits, quality improvement work, and offering psychological support.","qid":12,"docid":"2j591gq0","rank":69,"score":7.436600208282471},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, managing acute ischemic strokes requires modifications due to the overwhelming healthcare system. Guidelines should be relaxed while maintaining high-quality care to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and conserve limited resources. Recommendations for acute stroke management during the pandemic include:\n\n1. Telemedicine consultations for initial stroke assessment and triage.\n2. Prehospital thrombolysis and transport to specialized stroke centers if","qid":12,"docid":"lpy7mh95","rank":70,"score":7.422299861907959},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France, with a focus on the vulnerabilities of patients with mental disorders and the limitations of the mental health healthcare system. Four major vulnerabilities are identified: medical comorbidities, age, cognitive and behavioral disorders, and psychosocial vulnerability. The mental health care system is also vulnerable due to resource shortages and structural issues. Proposed solutions include the creation of","qid":12,"docid":"w8oixzdg","rank":71,"score":7.415900230407715},{"content":"This review aimed to assess the impact of hospital visiting hours on patients and their visitors by evaluating relevant studies. The inclusion criteria were pediatric and adult hospital patients and visitors in medical\/surgical units, critical care, pediatrics, maternity, or general hospital wards, excluding post-operative and post-anaesthesia care units, dementia wards, long-term care settings, retirement homes, or delivery rooms. Studies evaluating visiting policies","qid":12,"docid":"zu7i1et3","rank":72,"score":7.411200046539307},{"content":"The Lennar Corporation, a major US homebuilder, implemented health checks and contact tracking through its enterprise resource planning system to ensure sick employees stayed home and exposed associates quarantined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Other safety measures such as remote work and communication helped the company function safely and successfully. Real-world data from Lennar's experience could provide valuable lessons for other companies preparing to reopen.","qid":12,"docid":"xxbnu979","rank":73,"score":7.407100200653076},{"content":"Patients with hypertension have a poor prognosis in COVID-19, but there's no direct evidence that hypertension increases infection risk or worsens outcomes independently of age and other factors. RAS inhibitors use is not associated with increased infection risk or worsened COVID-19 course. Biomarkers like troponin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, D-dimer, and ser","qid":12,"docid":"254z62e4","rank":74,"score":7.406599998474121},{"content":"Patients with hypertension have a poor prognosis in COVID-19, but there's no direct evidence that hypertension increases the risk of new infection or worsens outcomes independently of age and other factors. The use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors is a concern due to the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in the entry of the virus, but there's little evidence of increased infection","qid":12,"docid":"jhkc8of3","rank":75,"score":7.406599044799805},{"content":"During Covid-19 quarantine, office workers are spending more time at home and experiencing increased complaints of neck, shoulder, and lower back pain. This passage provides home-based exercise notes to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among office workers, based on guidelines from the American College of Sports Medicine.","qid":12,"docid":"sj4ohk38","rank":76,"score":7.3516998291015625},{"content":"During Covid-19 quarantine, office workers are spending more time at home and experiencing increased complaints of neck, shoulder, and lower back pain. This passage provides home-based exercise notes to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among office workers, based on guidelines from the American College of Sports Medicine.","qid":12,"docid":"tg02icy0","rank":77,"score":7.351698875427246},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, managing acute ischemic strokes requires modifications due to the overwhelming healthcare system. Guidelines should be relaxed while maintaining high-quality care to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and conserve limited resources. Recommendations for acute stroke management during the pandemic are presented.","qid":12,"docid":"sroy543x","rank":78,"score":7.3379998207092285},{"content":"A scoping review was conducted to summarize how home-based exercise is defined and reported in the literature in oncology. Home-based exercise can be completed at home, outdoors, in community facilities, or in self-selected environments. Supportive elements for home-based models include print materials, exercise equipment, telephone support, home visits, and technology, with varying levels of supervision and resources. The review highlights the heterogeneity in home-based exercise definitions and provides recommendations to","qid":12,"docid":"3gsczkua","rank":79,"score":7.337600231170654},{"content":"Singapore experienced a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak from February to May 2003. Control measures included high vigilance, temperature monitoring, early identification and isolation, hospital restrictions, staff education, and border control. Schools were closed, public education on hygiene was provided, and laboratories were audited and upgraded for virus culture. Travel restrictions and health declarations were implemented to prevent cross-border transmission.","qid":12,"docid":"zwjiv8lm","rank":80,"score":7.337399959564209},{"content":"The Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN) Rapid Response Team has released recommendations for managing end-stage kidney disease patients on home dialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The team gathered information from various sources, including program-specific documents, national and international kidney agencies, webinars, and academic literature. Recommendations were developed through a consensus-based approach involving a CSN work-group, ethicists, and nephrologists. Seven","qid":12,"docid":"jq1p5t8w","rank":81,"score":7.313600063323975},{"content":"The International Fluid Optimization Group, composed of 14 researchers from a 2011 meeting in Chicago, reviewed data from 162 studies on perioperative fluid therapy over three years. They concluded that effective circulating blood volume must be maintained to ensure adequate organ perfusion, and overhydration and underhydration are both harmful. The group recommends individualized fluid therapy based on physiologic targets, administered when patients require perfusion augment","qid":12,"docid":"e7xymovf","rank":82,"score":7.309000015258789},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for otolaryngologists due to their expertise in airway management. Airway procedures, including endoscopy, expose operators to infectious aerosols, increasing the risk of transmission. This commentary discusses critical considerations for reducing aerosol contact, best practices for airway management during the pandemic, and the implications of increased demand for tracheostomies. Safety for both patients and healthcare teams is emphasized.","qid":12,"docid":"6mzv33vv","rank":83,"score":7.297599792480469},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges for health care systems and otolaryngologists due to their expertise in airway management. Otolaryngologists must collaborate with anesthesiologists and front-line teams to provide essential services while minimizing transmission risks. Airway management and endoscopy procedures generate infectious aerosols, increasing the risk for operators. This commentary discusses the pandemic background, aerosol mitigation strategies, and best practices for airway","qid":12,"docid":"deuqg5ud","rank":84,"score":7.297598838806152},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that projects the demand for hospital beds in Brazil due to COVID-19 under different quarantine policies for the next 30 days. The study considers the current hospital infrastructure and estimates how long it would take for the demand to exceed the available beds. COVID-19, an airborne disease, has led many countries to adopt quarantine measures and border closures. Brazil is currently debating the best way to manage the quarantine relaxation while considering hospital infrastructure constraints","qid":12,"docid":"obehsz2z","rank":85,"score":7.291600227355957},{"content":"A qualitative study was conducted to explore the experience of home quarantine during the SARS outbreak in Toronto in 2003. Twenty-one individuals were selected using stratified random sampling and interviewed using a semistructured guide. The experience of quarantine followed a trajectory of stages, with common themes of uncertainty, isolation, and coping. Public Health plays a dual role in monitoring compliance and providing support during quarantine. The findings have implications for public health policy and practice","qid":12,"docid":"xdgd11k6","rank":86,"score":7.264999866485596},{"content":"A study aims to use System Dynamics, a systems modeling methodology, for rural disaster preparedness and planning. The approach has been successful in analyzing complex systems in healthcare and disaster planning. The study will create simulation models as tools for planners to explore various disaster scenarios and identify best practices. Issues like hospital surge capacity, employee competence, and community coordination can be analyzed. The evidence-based approach will help tie data to decision-making and improve interactions among emergency planning committee agencies","qid":12,"docid":"ij3faz52","rank":87,"score":7.254899978637695},{"content":"This expert review updates gastroenterologists on the current state of multiple endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBTs) in the US, their role in managing obesity and metabolic disease, and provides practice advice. The review is based on a comprehensive search of English-language databases and manual review of relevant publications.\n\nBest practices for EBTs include:\n1. Considering EBTs for patients with obesity who have not responded","qid":12,"docid":"dlaoshff","rank":88,"score":7.244900226593018},{"content":"An online pilot survey was conducted among 100 people with diabetes from MV Hospital in India during the COVID-19 lockdown to understand how they were managing their condition. Ninety-two percent of the participants had Type 2 diabetes, and only 28% were checking their blood glucose levels regularly. Eighty percent reported following regular exercise and diet control, while 40% expressed anxiety about the viral infection. The study concluded that regular self-monitoring","qid":12,"docid":"1lfm24wz","rank":89,"score":7.237400054931641},{"content":"An online pilot survey was conducted among 100 people with diabetes from MV Hospital in India during the COVID-19 lockdown to understand how they were managing their condition. Ninety-two percent of the participants had Type 2 diabetes, and only 28% were checking their blood glucose levels regularly. Eighty percent reported following regular exercise and diet control, while 40% expressed anxiety about the viral infection. The study concluded that regular self-monitoring","qid":12,"docid":"v8z5jyz2","rank":90,"score":7.237399101257324},{"content":"The Surgeon General's urging of a nationwide halt to elective surgeries in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused anxiety and confusion for hospital systems, orthopaedic practices, and patients. Many small and mid-sized orthopaedic groups were already struggling financially and were further devastated by the crisis. The authors, representing larger musculoskeletal multispecialty groups, provide recommendations to help","qid":12,"docid":"l2mwdqw0","rank":91,"score":7.224599838256836},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of preventing Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) complications in hospitalized patients, as they are the leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality and morbidity in the US. Initiatives by various organizations aim to improve VTE prevention and risk assessment. Clinical practice involves individual risk assessment using a validated scoring system, which leads to the best care in preventing VTE. Hospitals should have a local care path","qid":12,"docid":"evdvghkk","rank":92,"score":7.154699802398682},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak, neonatal health surveillance and follow-up have become challenging due to quarantine measures, potentially leading to overlooked cases of severe jaundice and bilirubin encephalopathy. To address this issue, an online follow-up program for monitoring newborns' bilirubin levels at home has been developed to prevent extreme hyperbilirubinemia and adapt neonatal jaundice management strategies to infection","qid":12,"docid":"roa7l6c0","rank":93,"score":7.145699977874756},{"content":"The essay is a personal reflection by Ian Douglas on his 55-year career journey from applied geography to socio-ecological practice research. He answers questions about his inspirations, reorientations, measures of success, important attributes for a fulfilling life, work-life balance, and advice for younger scholars. He shares experiences and insights to help the next generation of geographers and socio-ecological practice researchers.","qid":12,"docid":"ymokohct","rank":94,"score":7.123000144958496},{"content":"This study provides forecasts for hospital demand and deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA and European Economic Area (EEA). Using data on confirmed COVID-19 deaths, hospital capacity, and utilization, the researchers developed a model to estimate the trajectory of cumulative and daily death rates based on social distancing measures. In the USA, excess demand for hospital beds, ICUs, and ventilators at the epidemic peak is predicted to be 9,0","qid":12,"docid":"c1dy5vsn","rank":95,"score":7.11959981918335},{"content":"The passage discusses the prediction of ICU bed requirements for COVID-19 patients in Italy during the epidemic peak, taking into account new government measures. Based on clinical relevance and robustness, an average of 9.9% of daily active confirmed cases were assumed to require intensive care. Five scenarios were modeled, with the most positive one suggesting a peak of nearly 89,000 daily active confirmed cases and a requirement of 8,791 IC","qid":12,"docid":"ehr9ae82","rank":96,"score":7.10890007019043},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to identify factors influencing adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. The search resulted in 14 studies out of 3163, with adherence ranging from 0% to 92.8%. Factors affecting adherence include knowledge about the disease and quarantine procedure, social norms, perceived benefits, and practical issues. To improve adherence, officials should provide clear information, emphasize social norms","qid":12,"docid":"9hrrkqgi","rank":97,"score":7.102200031280518},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to identify factors influencing adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. The study found that adherence ranged from 0-92.8%, with factors including knowledge about the disease and quarantine procedure, social norms, perceived benefits, and practical issues. To improve adherence, public health officials should provide clear information, emphasize social norms, increase perceived benefits, and ensure essential supplies.","qid":12,"docid":"kjnnh00e","rank":98,"score":7.102199077606201},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to identify factors influencing adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. The search yielded 3163 papers, with 14 included in the review. Adherence ranged from 0-92.8%, influenced by knowledge about the disease and quarantine, social norms, perceived benefits, and practical issues. To improve adherence, officials should provide clear information, emphasize social norms, increase perceived benefits,","qid":12,"docid":"s0zdqd6d","rank":99,"score":7.102198123931885},{"content":"Seven patients with moderate COVID-19, who met discharge criteria, were quarantined at home for 4 weeks and monitored for symptoms. All were asymptomatic, but three tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in respiratory swabs 5-7 days after discharge. It is recommended that patients with current discharge criteria undergo an additional 7-day hospital quarantine and follow-up viral testing.","qid":12,"docid":"r5c68gj7","rank":100,"score":7.1016998291015625}]}
{"query":"what are the transmission routes of coronavirus?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the possibility that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19, may not only be transmitted through the respiratory route but also via the fecal-oral route, making it a potential enteric pathogen. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is highly contagious and stable in the environment. Evidence suggests that related viruses in","qid":13,"docid":"yyfuu197","rank":1,"score":8.135899543762207},{"content":"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov), first detected in 2012, is still causing health concerns due to uncertainties surrounding the virus. Cases continue to be reported mainly in Saudi Arabia and other Arabian Peninsula countries. Despite low transmission levels, the virus's uncertain future is hindered by knowledge gaps regarding its source and transmission route.","qid":13,"docid":"g0qhgvv6","rank":2,"score":7.79010009765625},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, causing COVID-19, a serious type of pneumonia. The virus quickly spread to over 20 countries. This commentary explains the reasons for the fast spread of SARS-CoV-2 through its infectious sources, susceptible population, and transmission routes. Control measures for the disease are also discussed. (Copyrighted)","qid":13,"docid":"2ftw85xw","rank":3,"score":7.783299922943115},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the tissue distribution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), in two frugivorous bat species (Epomophorus gambianus and Rousettus aegyptiacus) and two insectivorous bat species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Eptesicus serot","qid":13,"docid":"3cxyogor","rank":4,"score":7.653500080108643},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, highlighted China's capability to identify unknown pathogens. Current research suggests that the main transmission routes of the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) are respiratory droplets and indirect contact. Fecal-oral transmission is a possibility, while aerosol, tears (conjunctival), and mother-","qid":13,"docid":"2yblpbwm","rank":5,"score":7.235599994659424},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, highlighted China's capability to identify unknown pathogens. Current research suggests that the main transmission routes of the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) are respiratory droplets and indirect contact. Fecal-oral transmission is a possibility, while aerosol, tears (conjunctival), and mother-","qid":13,"docid":"85vnyr36","rank":6,"score":7.235599040985107},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has spread rapidly and predominantly transmits through the respiratory route. Evidence suggests it may also be an enteric virus, capable of infecting the gastrointestinal tract and spreading via the fecal-oral route, contributing to the pandemic's rapidity and proliferation.","qid":13,"docid":"9rg9xe57","rank":7,"score":6.966700077056885},{"content":"This review discusses the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, spreads through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. Appropriate PPE includes eyewear, gloves, masks, respirators, and gowns. The use of these should be based on data and experience, and specific considerations for surgical populations are addressed.","qid":13,"docid":"5ekj7zsx","rank":8,"score":6.878799915313721},{"content":"This review discusses the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, spreads through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. Appropriate PPE includes eyewear, gloves, masks, respirators, and gowns. The use of these should be based on data and experience, and specific considerations for surgical populations are addressed.","qid":13,"docid":"7dxjqub6","rank":9,"score":6.878798961639404},{"content":"The passage discusses a study investigating the role of fomites in the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) during the largest hospital outbreak in Hong Kong's Ward 8A. The study used a multi-agent model to predict infection risk distributions for three hypothetical transmission routes - long-range airborne, fomite, and combined. The results suggest that under the assumed conditions, the SARS coronavirus most","qid":13,"docid":"8rfm0jxh","rank":10,"score":6.872300148010254},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the transmission routes of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) during the first hospital outbreak in the Republic of Korea in May 2015. Seven hypothesized transmission modes were identified based on long-range airborne, close contact, and fomite routes. The infection risks for each hypothesis were estimated using a multi-agent modeling framework and compared with reported attack rates through least-squares fitting. The results suggested that","qid":13,"docid":"4nd5wzrm","rank":11,"score":6.870100021362305},{"content":"A new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, caused an outbreak of severe pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and spread to other areas. The virus shares the same human receptor as SARS-CoV but may have originated from bats. Person-to-person transmission occurs through direct contact, droplet inhalation, and contact with mucous membranes. The virus can also be transmitted through saliva, and dental professionals are","qid":13,"docid":"lasv4e6a","rank":12,"score":6.818900108337402},{"content":"A novel beta-coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, caused severe pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly. It shares the same host receptor, ACE2, as SARS-CoV but may have originated from bats. Person-to-person transmission includes direct (cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation) and contact (mucous membranes). Saliva transmission and fetal-oral routes","qid":13,"docid":"wywldhr0","rank":13,"score":6.818899154663086},{"content":"This study compared the transmission routes of influenza A H1N1, SARS CoV, and norovirus during air travel using simulation models. The results indicated that for influenza A H1N1, the close contact route was the most significant (70%, 95% CI: 67%-72%), with passengers in close proximity to the index case having a higher infection risk (RR: 13.4, 95","qid":13,"docid":"sfa9d1ux","rank":14,"score":6.797100067138672},{"content":"The passage discusses the unresolved question of the primary mode of smallpox transmission and its implications for biodefense. While respiratory droplet transmission was commonly believed to be the main mode, the significance of large ballistic droplets and fine particle aerosols was not definitively determined. The article examines historical evidence from variolation, mucosal infection data, aerosol measurements, animal models, healthcare worker reports, and smallpox epidemiology to","qid":13,"docid":"ycxyn2a2","rank":15,"score":6.754000186920166},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a compartmentalization of the population into susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered classes. Two transmission routes of COVID-19 are incorporated into models: direct person-to-person contact and indirect airborne and fomites-driven transmission. The indirect non-contact transmission route is important to explore as it has uncertain contribution to the spread of the virus.\n\nThe study finds that not incorporating the indirect transmission route in the model","qid":13,"docid":"61ta81iy","rank":16,"score":6.730599880218506},{"content":"The passage discusses the limited evidence regarding the role of human body fluids in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19. The author mentions that strict rules to prevent occupational exposure to patients' body fluids in healthcare settings have helped limit person-to-person transmission of nosocomial infections. The passage provides information on the possible transmission routes of SARS-Co","qid":13,"docid":"0a5fccio","rank":17,"score":6.53380012512207},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern with over 4 million confirmed cases and 280,000 deaths as of May 12, 2020. The risk of transmission in dental clinics is high due to the nature of dental procedures. This paper provides information on COVID-19's name, characteristics, transmission routes, and risk points in dental clinics, as well","qid":13,"docid":"au0sfe8g","rank":18,"score":6.498000144958496},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a major global health concern with over 4 million confirmed cases and 280,000 deaths as of May 12, 2020. The risk of transmission between dental specialists and patients is high due to the nature of dental practice. This paper provides information on COVID-19's name, characteristics, transmission routes, and risk points in dental clinics,","qid":13,"docid":"jxi0mvbi","rank":19,"score":6.49799919128418},{"content":"The passage discusses the controversy surrounding the transmission of respiratory viruses through the air versus droplets in healthcare settings. While viral nucleic acids have been detected in aerosols for some viruses, there is currently insufficient evidence to prove effective human-to-human transmission or the efficacy of airborne precautions. Further studies are required to evaluate the infectiousness of respiratory viruses through the aerosol route, and airborne precaut","qid":13,"docid":"zhcghyw8","rank":20,"score":6.48960018157959},{"content":"The passage discusses the possible transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, including respiratory, oro-fecal, and sexual routes. The vertical transmission route is not well understood, and mother-to-child transmission through the placenta is rare or unlikely based on current research. The studies on COVID-19 pregnant women have focused on cesarean sections, but the reasons for these deliveries have not been clearly stated.","qid":13,"docid":"scptrala","rank":21,"score":6.46120023727417},{"content":"A mathematical model was developed to explore the relative contributions of various transmission routes for multi-route respiratory infections. The study demonstrated that all transmission routes can have the highest transmission risk under specific conditions. Factors considered include the dose-response rate of different routes, droplet size, exposure distance, and virus dose transported to the hand of the infector. The model offers a comprehensive yet straightforward approach to assess the efficiency of different transmission routes for respiratory diseases and predicts the","qid":13,"docid":"mfnzkvd0","rank":22,"score":6.454699993133545},{"content":"The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) has been a major challenge to the global pig industry since its emergence in the late 1980s. While efforts have been made to control and eliminate the disease, many aspects of its dynamics remain unclear, including optimal control strategies, the role of voluntary regional programs, and the impact of molecular tools in infected settings. This passage summarizes projects using novel analytical tools to study PRR","qid":13,"docid":"mcywx9ol","rank":23,"score":6.434599876403809},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the presence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) in the reproductive tract of tom cats as a potential route of transmission for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Forty-six tom cats provided blood, serum, semen, and\/or testicle samples. Serology identified FCoV in 24 of 38 serum samples, but none in semen or testicles using RT-PCR and","qid":13,"docid":"b8y3nhcs","rank":24,"score":6.434199810028076},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the most significant coronavirus outbreak to date, with over 2 million cases worldwide. Transmission of the virus is high, and there are significant variations in disease severity which may be linked to genetic factors. To control the spread of the virus and prepare for future waves, it's essential to understand the transmission routes and underlying genomic susceptibility. This mini-review discusses potential genetic determinants of COVID","qid":13,"docid":"kj6m72jt","rank":25,"score":6.309599876403809},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, the novel human coronavirus, through fecal-oral and aerosols-borne routes. While coronaviruses generally have low stability in the environment, existing knowledge suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may spread in this way. Previous chlorination methods have been found insufficient for inactivating the virus in high viral load areas like hospitals and airports. There is a","qid":13,"docid":"9of9gijc","rank":26,"score":6.309000015258789},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, the novel human coronavirus, through fecal-oral and aerosols-borne routes based on available literature. While coronaviruses have low stability in the environment, current chlorination dosages may not be sufficient to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in areas with high viral loads. There is a concern for the impact of the pandemic on underprivileged societies due to","qid":13,"docid":"ioo17gc3","rank":27,"score":6.308999061584473},{"content":"The passage discusses the unexpected emergence and rapid spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, since December 2019. The virus, the seventh known strain of human coronaviruses, primarily transmits through the respiratory tract but may also enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract. Several risk factors, including gender, pregnancy, age","qid":13,"docid":"kkknzw2i","rank":28,"score":6.298799991607666},{"content":"The passage discusses the unexpected emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the latest strain of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, which was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The virus primarily transmits through the respiratory tract, but other routes such as the gastrointestinal tract may also be effective. Several risk factors have been identified for increased susceptibility to COVID-1","qid":13,"docid":"o908k448","rank":29,"score":6.29879903793335},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, through recreational waters due to its detection in faecal and wastewater samples. Concerns have emerged regarding the risk of contracting the virus in recreational waters where wastewater is inadequately treated. Further research is needed to investigate the presence, infectivity, and viability of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater eff","qid":13,"docid":"nl8z6u5v","rank":30,"score":6.291600227355957},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, through recreational waters due to its detection in faecal and wastewater samples. Concerns have emerged regarding the risk of contracting the virus in recreational waters where wastewater is inadequately treated. Further research is needed to investigate the presence, infectivity, and viability of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater eff","qid":13,"docid":"rfkcjpl1","rank":31,"score":6.291599273681641},{"content":"This review compares the ability of coronaviruses (CoVs) and human noroviruses (NoVs) to be transmitted through food. While CoVs can survive on foods and packaging for several days to weeks, they are less persistent than NoVs towards common disinfection methods. The likelihood of foodborne transmission of CoVs is considered low as they primarily spread through the respiratory tract, unlike NoVs and other foodborne viruses which","qid":13,"docid":"zybdv7ic","rank":32,"score":6.262199878692627},{"content":"This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examines the efficacy of wearing facemasks to prevent influenza-like illness (ILI) in community settings. The studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, shares similar transmission routes with the influenza virus and that community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with ILI is high. Eight RCTs were included in the","qid":13,"docid":"py38vnwc","rank":33,"score":6.249599933624268},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, is spreading rapidly worldwide, leading to thousands of daily mortalities. The lack of effective prevention measures, limited diagnostic options, and unavailable treatment options are major concerns. Transmission routes include direct, droplet inhalation, contact, saliva, and fecal\u2013oral. Asymptomatic spread complicates control efforts. Strategies to address infection control, clinical supplies, pathogenesis, prevent","qid":13,"docid":"2e4gz2bo","rank":34,"score":6.216100215911865},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aimed at understanding the origin, evolution, and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 (2019 novel coronavirus) through a deep phylogenetic analysis of 162 complete Orthocoronavirinae genomes. The findings suggest that bats, pangolins, and anteaters are natural hosts of 2019-nCoV. The virus likely transmitted to humans through an inter","qid":13,"docid":"fs07zdu6","rank":35,"score":6.197800159454346},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, caused an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, spreading throughout the country and attracting global attention due to the lack of approved vaccines or antiviral drugs for human coronavirus infections. Research is urgently needed to understand the transmission route and pathogenic mechanisms, identify potential drug targets, and develop preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. The","qid":13,"docid":"co1mu99a","rank":36,"score":6.180300235748291},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, caused an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, spreading throughout the country and attracting global attention due to the lack of approved vaccines or antiviral drugs for human coronavirus infections. Research is needed to understand the transmission route and pathogenic mechanisms, identify potential drug targets, and develop preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. This article describes","qid":13,"docid":"epcel2ez","rank":37,"score":6.180299282073975},{"content":"A scoping review was conducted to examine the evidence on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment. The study identified dental hand pieces and 30 other sources as generators of bio-aerosols. Over 50 bacterial species, 45 fungi genera, and ten viruses were identified in hospitals, with 16 bacterial and 23 fungal species found in dental settings. Patients with certain risk factors were more susceptible to Leg","qid":13,"docid":"oiat9mq9","rank":38,"score":6.176300048828125},{"content":"This passage discusses the ongoing research on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its transmission potential, causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus's increased virulence and ability to be detected in various bodily fluids for extended periods are highlighted. The review covers potential transmission routes, including respiratory\/droplet, indirect, fecal-oral, vertical, sexual, and o","qid":13,"docid":"cfv0ta10","rank":39,"score":6.171299934387207},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus tropism (preference for certain types of cells) on epidemic spread using a compartmental model. The findings suggest that Wuhan quarantine measures were effective but that there were alternative virus forms with gut tropism and a second propagation route through the environment. This secondary route does not seem to be active yet in Singapore and Shenzhen regions. It is recommended to implement prevention measures addressing both transmission routes","qid":13,"docid":"4ah705nc","rank":40,"score":6.165800094604492},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing the global pandemic, and its transmission mechanisms are not fully understood. Previous research on related human betacoronaviruses suggests a possible route of transmission through infectious sweat. It is recommended that studies be conducted to determine if sweat from infected individuals contains enough virus to infect others, which could inform mitigation strategies and public health messaging.","qid":13,"docid":"5cygqkgk","rank":41,"score":6.132400035858154},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the transmission modes of influenza in a nosocomial outbreak in Hong Kong. Three hypothesized transmission modes between the index patient and other inpatients were considered: long-range airborne and fomite routes. The study evaluated these hypotheses using a multi-agent modelling framework and least-squares fitting. Among the scenarios tested, the long-range airborne route had the best fit with the attack rates, contributing about 94% to","qid":13,"docid":"rpu6aewp","rank":42,"score":6.07919979095459},{"content":"This passage is a review on the possibility of ocular involvement in the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and preventive measures in ophthalmology. The review found that conjunctivitis may be the first presenting symptom of 2019-nCoV, making ophthalmologists at risk of exposure. The main route of transmission is through respiratory droplets, but transconj","qid":13,"docid":"dddcles3","rank":43,"score":6.057600021362305},{"content":"This passage is a review on the possible ocular involvement of the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and preventive measures in ophthalmology. The review found that conjunctivitis may be the first presenting symptom of 2019-nCoV, making ophthalmologists at risk of exposure. The main route of transmission is through respiratory droplets from close contact. Recomm","qid":13,"docid":"sfu7k63b","rank":44,"score":6.057599067687988},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that used a compartmental model to analyze the importance of fomite-mediated transmission for three viral pathogens (influenza, rhinovirus, and norovirus) in various settings. The study found that for rhinovirus and norovirus, the reproductive number for the fomite route is greater than 1 in most venues, indicating that this route can sustain transmission. For influenza, the re","qid":13,"docid":"jy63p793","rank":45,"score":6.002099990844727},{"content":"The passage discusses the transmission routes of COVID-19 and compares the infection risks through close contact and aerosol. Using a new dose-response relation and exposure estimation model, the study found that the median infection risk via aerosol transmission was much lower than the risk through close contact, with the former being about 3.7x10-5 for one hour in a 10m x 10m x 3m room with one infected person. The","qid":13,"docid":"kt76tu24","rank":46,"score":5.968500137329102},{"content":"The passage discusses the advancements in virology through genomics, proteomics, and molecular immunology, leading to new vaccine concepts. The choice of vaccine approach depends on a virus's pathogenesis, serotype diversity, antigenic variation, immune evasion mechanisms, latency, and route of transmission. Natural infection's resulting immunity and the pathogen's ability to cause persistent infections are crucial factors. The article emphasizes the medical need for new","qid":13,"docid":"b4u4yzjh","rank":47,"score":5.917200088500977},{"content":"The passage discusses the various respiratory viruses that cause infections and their transmission among humans through airborne droplets and aerosols. Studies on inter-human virus transmission have been inconclusive due to limited data from controlled experiments. The lack of fundamental knowledge on transmission routes hinders the development of effective intervention strategies. The article provides an overview of available data from experimental and observational studies, identifies knowledge gaps, and discusses the implementation of current knowledge in isolation guidelines in healthcare","qid":13,"docid":"2ewz8ok4","rank":48,"score":5.914899826049805},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global respiratory infection with over 693,000 reported cases as of March 30, 2020, including 1,446 in Japan. Transmission occurs through contact and inhaling droplets. Symptoms last several days to a week, with some developing severe pneumonia. Underlying diseases and age increase severity. Diagn","qid":13,"docid":"cz3qt5qd","rank":49,"score":5.909999847412109},{"content":"A study re-examined a norovirus outbreak in a hotel restaurant where airborne transmission was previously suggested. The researchers explored an alternative hypothesis of fomite transmission and used a multi-agent model to predict infection risk distributions. The results showed that with reasonable assumptions, the attack rate distribution corresponded well with that of the fomite route, offering an alternative interpretation of the transmission routes and important consideration for infection control guidelines.","qid":13,"docid":"6eb2jgl7","rank":50,"score":5.905399799346924},{"content":"A study was conducted in a military training setting to investigate the impact of social distancing on respiratory pathogen transmission. The study monitored rates of febrile respiratory illness (FRI) in units that were open or closed to the influx of potentially infectious individuals. The results showed no significant reduction in FRI rates in closed units, and the odds ratio for FRI in larger units was higher than in smaller units. Viable adenovirus was detected on","qid":13,"docid":"7aox3zx0","rank":51,"score":5.894100189208984},{"content":"This paper proposes a mathematical framework to predict the lifestyles of viral pathogens based on their infection duration, transmission routes, infectiousness, antigenic variation, and virulence. The success of viral pathogens depends on their ability to infect new hosts, which is influenced by contact rate, infectiousness during contact, and host immunity. The paper presents a unified model using differential and integral equations, agent-based simulation, networks, and probability to","qid":13,"docid":"z5bbyvju","rank":52,"score":5.894099235534668},{"content":"A research article, published ahead of print on the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology website on February 19, 2020, discusses the potential transmission route and clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in relation to the eye. The article highlights the critical stage of prevention and treatment in China and the importance of understanding ocular infection caused by the coronavirus. The authors summarize previous studies and their own research to contribute to the development of research in the field of infectious","qid":13,"docid":"jtfyu4sa","rank":53,"score":5.854599952697754},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential for fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. While respiratory droplets and close contact are the primary modes of transmission, evidence suggests that fecal transmission is also a possibility. The article reviews current knowledge on this topic and discusses the public health implications.","qid":13,"docid":"12sbikmx","rank":54,"score":5.850800037384033},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential for fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. While respiratory droplets and close contact are the primary modes of transmission, evidence suggests that fecal transmission is also a possibility. The article reviews current knowledge on this topic and discusses the public health implications.","qid":13,"docid":"ruk46455","rank":55,"score":5.850799083709717},{"content":"The passage discusses the possibility of sexual contact as a means of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and suggests considering other potential routes of transmission.","qid":13,"docid":"uu8ft703","rank":56,"score":5.820499897003174},{"content":"The passage discusses the advancements in molecular technology leading to the development of new vaccines with specific antigens that elicit protective immune responses. The importance of effective delivery technology is emphasized. New vaccines are now administered through natural routes like oral or intranasal methods, providing rapid immunity and stimulating local mucosal immunity. The balance between technological feasibility and protective immunity is crucial. Emerging diseases present opportunities for the application of molecular and conventional technologies to","qid":13,"docid":"34nnp9cv","rank":57,"score":5.807000160217285},{"content":"The passage discusses the survival of SARS-CoV-2 virus in water and the risk of infection from faecally contaminated water in 39 countries. The virus can remain stable in water for up to 25 days, and the risk of infection is related to the environmental conditions. Faecally contaminated water sources in countries with high infection rates can contain infectious doses of the virus. The implications for freshwater systems, coastal marine environments, and","qid":13,"docid":"ycdok8fc","rank":58,"score":5.80210018157959},{"content":"This study aimed to determine the relative contributions of three transmission routes - contact, droplet, and inhalation - to the risk of COVID-19 infection among healthcare personnel (HCP) through quantitative microbial risk assessment. The findings revealed that droplet and inhalation transmission routes are more significant than the contact route, contributing 35%, 57%, and 8.2% of the infection probability, respectively, without using personal protective equipment. Approximately ","qid":13,"docid":"izxqtril","rank":59,"score":5.785200119018555},{"content":"This study aimed to determine the proportion of COVID-19 transmission routes to healthcare personnel from infected patients. Using quantitative microbial risk assessment and an exposure model, the research found that droplet and inhalation transmission routes are more significant than the contact route, contributing 35%, 57%, and 8.2% of the infection risk, respectively, without the use of personal protective equipment. Approximately 80% of inhalation exposure occurs when healthcare personnel","qid":13,"docid":"k4twbzkm","rank":60,"score":5.785199165344238},{"content":"The passage discusses the analysis of COVID-19 transmission trends in Wuhan, China, Italy, and New York City from January 23 to May 9, 2020. The study reveals that airborne transmission is the dominant route for the spread of the disease and that mandated face coverings significantly reduce infections, with over 78,000 in Italy and over 66,000 in New York City prevented without them. Social dist","qid":13,"docid":"9ye2okm5","rank":61,"score":5.771299839019775},{"content":"Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a common parasitic zoonosis transmitted through various routes. Vertical transmission occurs during pregnancy, while horizontal transmission involves ingesting infectious oocysts or tissue cysts from animals or contaminated food, or tachyzoites in blood products or unpasteurized milk. The consumption of raw or undercooked meat, particularly pork and sheep, was","qid":13,"docid":"23feyq29","rank":62,"score":5.766600131988525},{"content":"The 2019-nCoV outbreak in China, which began in Wuhan, Hubei province in December 2019, is analyzed using a time-varying sparse vector autoregressive model from January 31 to February 19, 2020. The results show that inter-province transmission routes from Hubei became undetectable after February 4, while self-transmission within provinces accelerated","qid":13,"docid":"4k1i6y98","rank":63,"score":5.752799987792969},{"content":"The passage discusses findings from a study on SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the hospital, revealing that 53.42% of them tested positive for the virus in their stool. Even after the virus was no longer detectable in their respiratory tracts, 23.29% of patients still tested positive in their feces. The viral RNA was also detected in gastrointestinal tissues, and immunoflu","qid":13,"docid":"7odpslba","rank":64,"score":5.750400066375732},{"content":"Foodborne diseases affect one-third of the world's population annually, with underreporting and underestimation due to asymptomatic presentations, globalization, and multiple transmission routes. Foodborne pathogens can be transmitted directly from animals to humans, through vectors, food handlers, contaminated food products, or surfaces, and through the air. Primary and secondary transmission barriers exist to prevent pathogen entry and multiplication. Understanding pathogen dynamics and implementing preventive measures","qid":13,"docid":"hu1bheiy","rank":65,"score":5.747099876403809},{"content":"A study was conducted on influenza viruses causing respiratory infections and transmission after ocular inoculation in ferrets. The findings showed that multiple subtypes of human and avian influenza viruses replicated in the upper respiratory tract and were detected in ocular tissue during infection. H5N1 viruses maintained their ability to spread systemically and cause lethal infection. Deposition of virus inoculum from ocular to respiratory tissue was limited to","qid":13,"docid":"x4hdxx1t","rank":66,"score":5.740499973297119},{"content":"A study investigated the infectious dose, transmission kinetics, and pathogenicity of Fr-TCoV, a coronavirus linked to poult enteritis complex in SPF turkeys. The virus had a high infectious dose and rapid transmission via the oro-faecal route. Viral antigen was predominantly found in the lower intestinal tract, with potential replication in antigen-presenting cells. Good sanitary practices are crucial to prevent outbreaks,","qid":13,"docid":"6qx0v28w","rank":67,"score":5.73829984664917},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission through the eyes, referred to as the \"ocular route.\" The authors explain that while the risk is currently considered low, the ocular surface system's dynamics, such as tear film turnover, and the presence of ACE2 receptors and TMPRSS2 protein on the conjunctiva are crucial factors to understand this route. They suggest that COVID-1","qid":13,"docid":"g2a4f2ko","rank":68,"score":5.7042999267578125},{"content":"The World Health Organization initially believed SARS-CoV-2 was primarily transmitted through person-to-person contact and contaminated surfaces. However, the rapid spread of COVID-19 suggests airborne transmission may also be a factor. Some studies have found no evidence of airborne transmission, but more recent research and knowledge from similar viruses like SARS-CoV support this hypothesis. The WHO recommends a conservative approach, accepting SARS-CoV-","qid":13,"docid":"a1ha0hx4","rank":69,"score":5.702300071716309},{"content":"A review article summarizes the involvement of the digestive system in COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Extrapulmonary symptoms, including gastrointestinal manifestations, have emerged. The possibility of fecal-oral transmission is a concern based on various case series and clinical scenarios. The article covers four aspects: (a) gastrointestinal symptoms, (b) microbiological and virological investigations,","qid":13,"docid":"dz8blrzm","rank":70,"score":5.691500186920166},{"content":"A review article summarizes the involvement of the digestive system in COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Extrapulmonary symptoms, including gastrointestinal manifestations, have been reported. The possibility of fecal-oral transmission is emerging. This article discusses four aspects: (a) gastrointestinal symptoms, (b) microbiological and virological investigations, (c) fecal-oral","qid":13,"docid":"xj9md751","rank":71,"score":5.69149923324585},{"content":"A new study titled \"C19-TraNet\" has created the first global, index-case transmission network of SARS-CoV-2 using manually curated travel history data. The network, C19-TraNet, has 187 nodes and 199 edges, follows a power-law degree distribution, and exhibits a unique connectivity pattern with a fourth degree polynomial growth curve. The researchers used a novel stochastic scale-free algorithm to","qid":13,"docid":"g6zwxu35","rank":72,"score":5.689599990844727},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of adequate ventilation in dental clinics to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 through respiratory droplets and aerosols. Clinical studies suggest that human-to-human transmission primarily occurs through infected individuals' discharges during coughing and sneezing. Aerosols can also act as potential transmission routes. The World Health Organization recommends airborne precautions for medical personnel to protect dentists and patients. Proper ventilation and","qid":13,"docid":"db97z3nl","rank":73,"score":5.686800003051758},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a global issue with no effective vaccine or proven treatment options yet. Prevention through infection control, early detection, and identifying successful treatment protocols are currently the best approaches to managing the spread of the disease. This review covers the current therapeutic options, preventive methods, and transmission routes of COVID-19.","qid":13,"docid":"6jsbh5or","rank":74,"score":5.639999866485596},{"content":"The study investigates the internal spread route of airborne transmission between horizontal adjacent flats in a residential building using the tracer gas technique. Two measurement scenarios, closed window mode and open window mode, were compared. The results showed that tracer gas concentrations and infection risks in receptor rooms were lower than in the source room. Opening windows led to a larger air change rate but a higher mass fraction. Although a higher mass fraction does not necessarily mean higher infection risk due to the reduced path","qid":13,"docid":"lyngx8kq","rank":75,"score":5.630799770355225},{"content":"This study investigated the transmission potential of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in rabbits, as they have the MERS-CoV receptor in their nasal epithelium. After inoculation, rabbits shed high levels of viral RNA from their noses but did not develop clinical symptoms or transmit the virus through contact or airborne routes. Despite producing relatively high levels of viral RNA, rabbits excreted low","qid":13,"docid":"eumuid3r","rank":76,"score":5.60830020904541},{"content":"The passage discusses the replication and tropism of Ad5-based vectors in swine cells, specifically in porcine testicle and intestinal epithelial (IPEC-1) cell lines. Ad5 vectors replicate efficiently in swine lungs and lymph nodes, with significant antigen expression in the small intestine, but poor replication. The inoculation route affects the infected tissues, with the oronasal route best for bron","qid":13,"docid":"5q0lqjq3","rank":77,"score":5.598800182342529},{"content":"A new porcine respiratory coronavirus related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has been isolated from pigs and cell culture. Known as TLM 83, this virus is widespread among swine populations in Belgium and other countries. It causes lung infections and spreads through aerogenic routes, not replicating in the enteric tract. Infections in conventional and gnotobiotic pigs remain subclinical, resulting","qid":13,"docid":"j4a6ng8o","rank":78,"score":5.5802001953125},{"content":"The passage discusses the composition and behavior of three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. These viruses, which contain non-structural, structural, and accessory proteins, enter host cells via spike glycoproteins and membrane fusion. They replicate through large replication-transcription complexes and hinder the host's immune response.","qid":13,"docid":"iwy2nn17","rank":79,"score":5.575099945068359},{"content":"The passage discusses the composition and transmission mechanisms of three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. These viruses enter host cells through spike glycoproteins, replicate using large replication-transcription complexes, and suppress the host's immune response. They are transmitted through droplets, contact, aerosols, and possibly other routes.","qid":13,"docid":"ms4xzxyv","rank":80,"score":5.575098991394043},{"content":"In December 2019, an unknown infection outbreak occurred in Wuhan, leading to the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the subsequent epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The stages and links of the epidemic, including sources, routes of infection, and susceptible populations, were unclear at the time. As the outbreak evolved, it was important","qid":13,"docid":"89qmvo9a","rank":81,"score":5.574699878692627},{"content":"In December 2019, an unknown infection outbreak occurred in Wuhan, leading to the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the subsequent epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The stages and links of the epidemic, including sources, routes of infection, and susceptible populations, were unclear at the time. As the outbreak evolved, it was important","qid":13,"docid":"mxvbbkc4","rank":82,"score":5.5746989250183105},{"content":"Five rhesus macaques were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 through conjunctival (CJ), intratracheal (IT), and intragastric (IG) routes. The CJ group developed mild interstitial pneumonia and detectable viral load in conjunctival swabs at 1 day post-inoculation. IT inoculation led to viral load in anal swabs at 1-7 days post","qid":13,"docid":"ih1py5n9","rank":83,"score":5.571100234985352},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of understanding the zoonotic pattern of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, in order to develop preventive measures. The article focuses on bats as the potential zoonotic reservoir of several coronavirus strains, including SARS-CoV-2. The sequence similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and bat SARS-like CoVs suggests that b","qid":13,"docid":"l41pnvfd","rank":84,"score":5.556000232696533},{"content":"This study discusses the debate over mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides evidence for their effectiveness in preventing disease transmission. The transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are outlined, and controversies surrounding mask use are addressed from attitude, effectiveness, and necessity perspectives. The study suggests that the public should wear masks during the pandemic, and governments should implement a risk-adjusted strategy to promote mask use, ensure sufficient supply, and reduce health resource inequities.","qid":13,"docid":"6tod4abn","rank":85,"score":5.552000045776367},{"content":"This study discusses the debate around wearing masks during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides evidence for their effectiveness in interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in both hospitals and communities. The authors suggest a risk-adjusted strategy for mask use, which includes scientifically promoting mask use, ensuring a sufficient supply, and addressing health resource inequities.","qid":13,"docid":"iaiosjlu","rank":86,"score":5.551999092102051},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for increased preventative measures against COVID-19 in nursing homes, orphanages, and prisons due to the higher risk of infection for institutionalized populations. Transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 include droplet, contact, and aerosol generating procedures. The study proposes prevention and control strategies for these facilities, including general measures, health management, personal protection, and specific prevention measures for each type of institution.","qid":13,"docid":"picxa3je","rank":87,"score":5.551998138427734},{"content":"A survey in Oman discovered MERS-CoV in five out of 76 dromedary camels. The sequences from these camels in Oman and Qatar were similar to human MERS-CoV sequences from the same region, indicating local transmission. High viral loads in nasal and conjunctival swabs suggest the potential for respiratory transmission.","qid":13,"docid":"c6y2knvy","rank":88,"score":5.548900127410889},{"content":"The passage discusses the uncertainties surrounding the transmission routes of the 2019 novel coronavirus. While it is known to spread through respiratory droplets when people are in close contact, the exact modes of transmission and the role of surfaces in spreading the virus are still under investigation. Some studies suggest that the virus may be able to remain viable on surfaces for hours to days, but more research is needed to confirm this. Additionally, there is ongoing debate about the importance","qid":13,"docid":"9hq8xdhi","rank":89,"score":5.5269999504089355},{"content":"Three cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were reported within one family, with identical viral strains indicated by gene sequencing. All three patients recovered within three weeks with treatment of oseltamivir, methylprednisolone, and symptomatic management. This highlights the importance of preventing family transmission and the effectiveness of current integrated treatment for mild\/moderate pneumonia in COVID-1","qid":13,"docid":"zb71eul0","rank":90,"score":5.526800155639648},{"content":"The passage discusses new findings suggesting that the human intestinal tract may serve as an alternative route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Studies showed that human intestinal epithelial cells, small intestine explants, and intestinal organoids were susceptible to MERS-CoV and could sustain viral replication. A patient's stool specimen contained evidence of enteric MERS-CoV infection","qid":13,"docid":"dck3ecdd","rank":91,"score":5.526599884033203},{"content":"COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading infectious disease with symptoms including fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, which can lead to severe pneumonia and organ failure. It is primarily transmitted through droplets and by asymptomatic carriers.","qid":13,"docid":"dn7iuzq1","rank":92,"score":5.52370023727417},{"content":"A retrospective study investigated the possibility of 2019-nCoV transmission through aerosol contact with the conjunctiva by analyzing nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swabs from 67 confirmed or suspected cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia. One confirmed patient and two suspected patients had probable positive conjunctival PCR results, but none of them exhibited ocular symptoms. The only patient with conjunctivitis as the first symptom","qid":13,"docid":"w5t1ni4l","rank":93,"score":5.5229997634887695},{"content":"The passage describes a study conducted in a Beijing hospital to identify the transmission route of nosocomial infections of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Ten identified SARS patients were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire. The results showed that the patients were confined to three wards, and the major transmission routes were near distant droplet infection and close contact infection. There was also a possible clue to aerosol or droplet nuclei infection","qid":13,"docid":"q3e2d2mi","rank":94,"score":5.520100116729736},{"content":"A study examined the stability of bovine coronavirus on lettuce surfaces under refrigeration conditions, following the SARS outbreak in 2003 caused by fecal transmission. Coronaviruses can survive in water and sewage for up to a year, and in this experiment, viral RNA was detected on lettuce for 30 days. Infectious viruses remained for at least 14 days, but the amount varied depending on the diluent","qid":13,"docid":"zmaw9lbz","rank":95,"score":5.518599987030029},{"content":"Italy reported its first coronavirus case on February 18, 2020, leading to strict measures against its spread. Despite this, infections are still growing exponentially, particularly those causing acute respiratory insufficiency. Endoscopy departments face a high risk of infection transmission through airborne routes, including endoscopes. This article discusses the measures taken in a hospital to prevent COVID-19 dissemination, focusing on personal protection equipment and dress code","qid":13,"docid":"ayunmlpk","rank":96,"score":5.5177001953125},{"content":"Human coronavirus OC43 enters susceptible cells through caveolin-1 dependent endocytosis, which is dynamin-dependent for vesicle scission. Actin cytoskeleton rearrangements are required during the vesicle internalization process. This study aims to expand knowledge of the infection process, potentially leading to therapeutic developments.","qid":13,"docid":"ce4qclha","rank":97,"score":5.517699241638184},{"content":"Hospitals harbor various microorganisms, including respiratory and enteric viruses, increasing the risk of nosocomial infections for all patients, especially vulnerable groups. Transmission can occur through direct contact, droplets, or aerosols, with aerosols being increasingly recognized as a significant mode for respiratory and enteric viruses. Factors influencing transmission and disease severity include virus characteristics, aerosol particle properties, and environmental stresses.","qid":13,"docid":"scmta88m","rank":98,"score":5.517099857330322},{"content":"A narrative review summarizes the current state of research on COVID-19, the virus behind the global pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China. The discovery of the virus raised public health concerns due to its high transmission ability and increasing death toll. This review analyzed over 20 scientific articles using keywords like \"Coronavirus Outbreak\" and \"COVID-19\" to provide insights into the research available and recommend future studies. The results indicate that human-to-human transmission","qid":13,"docid":"fqs40ivc","rank":99,"score":5.5167999267578125},{"content":"This study aimed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the excreta of COVID-19 patients. Out of 42 patients, 28 (66.67%) tested positive for the virus in their stool specimens, regardless of the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms or illness severity. The viral shedding in feces lasted for an average of 7 days after negative conversion in pharyn","qid":13,"docid":"2brbgvqo","rank":100,"score":5.507699966430664}]}
{"query":"what evidence is there related to COVID-19 super spreaders","hits":[{"content":"A study aimed to classify businesses by their risk of COVID-19 transmission and examine the relationship between the density of super-spreader businesses and COVID-19 cases in eight states. Using a COVID-19 Business Transmission Risk Index based on pre-pandemic data, they identified super-spreader businesses and found a positive association between their density and COVID-19 cases. A 1% increase in super-spreader business density was linked to a 5","qid":14,"docid":"8ngri1x0","rank":1,"score":14.970999717712402},{"content":"Super spreaders are individuals who contribute disproportionately to the spread of an epidemic, including COVID-19. Limited information is available about them in scientific literature. Identifying super spreaders early is crucial for epidemic containment, but they often get stigmatized, leading to late reporting and hiding of cases. Program managers should be sensitive when sharing related information to avoid further stigmatization.","qid":14,"docid":"na3vrf5q","rank":2,"score":14.37399959564209},{"content":"Super spreaders are individuals who contribute disproportionately to the spread of an epidemic, including COVID-19. Limited information is available about them in scientific literature. Identifying super spreaders early is crucial for epidemic containment, but they often get stigmatized, leading to late reporting and hiding of cases. Program managers should be sensitive when sharing related information to avoid further stigmatization.","qid":14,"docid":"p48bw6s4","rank":3,"score":14.373998641967773},{"content":"The passage discusses the ambiguous definition of \"super-spreaders\" in the context of COVID-19 transmission. The term, which refers to individuals who infect a larger than average number of people, is broad and can be applied to almost anyone who is not physically isolated. The author raises concerns that using the term too loosely can lead to moral blame and detract from scientific investigation of the disease's heterogeneity. The author advocates for a clearer epidemi","qid":14,"docid":"s9dy7iyf","rank":4,"score":13.280799865722656},{"content":"The passage discusses the ambiguous definition of \"super-spreaders\" in the context of COVID-19 transmission. The term, which refers to individuals who infect a larger than average number of people, is broad and can be applied to almost anyone who is not physically isolated. The author raises concerns that this vague definition can lead to moral blame and distract from scientific investigation of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission. The author advocates for a clearer epidemiological definition","qid":14,"docid":"v0vjkwy9","rank":5,"score":13.28079891204834},{"content":"A study reanalyzing COVID-19 data from Ningbo, China, using more appropriate statistical methods found no significant difference in the transmission rates of the coronavirus between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (Fisher's exact test p-value = .84, odds ratio = 1.2 [0.5, 2.8]). The original analysis may have been flawed due to the use of chi-squared tests with small cell counts.","qid":14,"docid":"1pnc889f","rank":6,"score":12.656299591064453},{"content":"A study reanalyzed COVID-19 data from Ningbo, China, using more appropriate statistical methods to compare transmission rates of the coronavirus by symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. After excluding cases related to super-spreaders and applying the Fisher exact test, no significant difference in transmission rates was found, with an odds ratio of 1.2 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.5-2.8.","qid":14,"docid":"o3b5zm5l","rank":7,"score":12.656298637390137},{"content":"A small percentage of individuals, known as super-spreaders, are responsible for most transmission events of infectious diseases. The phenomenon was first observed during the SARS pandemic and is influenced by various factors such as co-infection, immune suppression, airflow dynamics, delayed hospital admission, misdiagnosis, and inter-hospital transfers. Identifying and predicting super-spreaders pose significant challenges in infectious disease management and pandemic preparedness plans.","qid":14,"docid":"j74wnaef","rank":8,"score":12.639100074768066},{"content":"A case study was conducted on a super-spreader of COVID-19 in Ningbo, China, who transmitted the virus to over twenty-eight people. Identifying and isolating such individuals and understanding the reasons behind their efficient transmission ability are crucial for controlling and managing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.","qid":14,"docid":"37katpp3","rank":9,"score":12.611800193786621},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenge of reopening economies in dense urban areas with the resumption of public transportation and the need to identify potential disease clusters. The authors propose a framework using public transport ridership data in Singapore to identify spatial super-spreaders and super-susceptibles, which are places most likely to contribute to disease spread or where people are most likely to contract it. The results reveal that many super-spreaders are also super-susceptibles","qid":14,"docid":"cywjp5jh","rank":10,"score":11.53849983215332},{"content":"A study reconstructed data from 1,407 transmission pairs that formed 643 clusters among 9,120 COVID-19 cases in mainland China between January 15 and February 29, 2020. Thirty-four primary cases were identified as super-spreaders, with five super-spreading events occurring in households. The mean serial interval for household transmissions was 5.0 (4.4-","qid":14,"docid":"55f2cno3","rank":11,"score":11.469099998474121},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of modeling to estimate the proportion of Lassa fever (LF) transmissions due to human-to-human contact, particularly the role of super-spreaders. The study analyzed data from published LF outbreaks and hospitalized patients at Kenema Government Hospital in Sierra Leone. Results showed that nearly all cases at the hospital were secondary cases caused by human-to-human transmission, with a significant impact from a few individuals (super-spread","qid":14,"docid":"q9lfnu6s","rank":12,"score":11.411199569702148},{"content":"India identified its first COVID-19 case in late January 2020, and since then, the number of positive cases has significantly increased in 34 states and union territories. This study aims to create transmission network visualizations of COVID-19 in India and analyze them to identify potential Super Spreader Individuals and Super Spreader Events responsible for the outbreak in their respective regions. Network analysis is discussed as a potential tool to mitigate the further spread of the disease in this","qid":14,"docid":"d91t5o01","rank":13,"score":11.324899673461914},{"content":"This passage discusses the importance of understanding disease transmission paths within human-contact networks to effectively respond to epidemics, such as Covid-19. At low visibility rates, contact tracing slows the spread of the disease but requires significant visibility and the ability to isolate half of the population to stop it. Isolating super-links, or key proximity encounters, proactively prevents epidemic outbreaks with targeted isolation of a fourth of the population based on 35%","qid":14,"docid":"qla3go2i","rank":14,"score":11.292499542236328},{"content":"During the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea, 186 lab-confirmed cases were identified and categorized into spreader (5 super-spreaders and 10 usual-spreaders) and non-spreader groups. Body temperature \u2265 38.5\u00b0C, pulmonary infiltration of \u2265 3 lung zones, and longer in-hospital days were significant risk factors for spreading the virus.","qid":14,"docid":"v5egtgdo","rank":15,"score":11.288700103759766},{"content":"A study using an SEIR agent-based model on a graph for COVID-19 spread considers super-spreaders, epidemiological parameters, testing, and quarantine policies. Results suggest mass-testing is less effective than testing the symptomatic and contact tracing, and a blend of these with social distancing is necessary for suppression. The fat tail of the degree distribution significantly impacts epidemic growth, and many standard models overlook this. The average reproduction number for individuals does not","qid":14,"docid":"7kovd82v","rank":16,"score":10.964599609375},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of super-spreaders in the outbreaks of MERS-CoV in 2015, SARS-CoV in 2003, and Ebola virus in 2014-2015. Super-spreading refers to a single patient infecting a large number of contacts. These outbreaks were significantly influenced by super-spreaders, and the passage provides summaries of documented cases,","qid":14,"docid":"414grqif","rank":17,"score":10.894800186157227},{"content":"This paper aims to create spatial visualizations of COVID-19 transmission in South Korea between January 20 and February 19, 2020, using data from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study identified two early transmission clusters in South Korea - the Daegu cluster and the capital area cluster. Using a degree-weighted centrality measure, potential super-spreaders of the virus were proposed within these clusters. Spatial visualizations","qid":14,"docid":"901m6zw0","rank":18,"score":10.795299530029297},{"content":"A study on COVID-19 epidemic spreading uses computer simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and predict virus propagation. While ODE-based models are commonly used, they don't adequately capture the impact of complex interaction structures, such as super-spreaders. The researchers translated an ODE-based model into a stochastic multi-agent system with a contact network and observed significant differences in epidemic dynamics. The interaction structure had a greater impact on spreading dynamics","qid":14,"docid":"8m7n5r85","rank":19,"score":10.735899925231934},{"content":"A new four-state disease transmission model is proposed for the SARS virus, with the community represented as a small-world network of interconnected nodes. Transmission can only occur between linked nodes, leading to geographically localized outbreaks and the presence of \"super-spreaders.\" These features are not evident in standard susceptible-infected-removed models. The analysis suggests that \"super-spreaders\" can emerge even with constant infectiousness, and nos","qid":14,"docid":"a95hh4yk","rank":20,"score":10.715200424194336},{"content":"During the 2015 South Korean outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), only 22 of 186 cases transmitted the infection, with five super-spreading events causing 150 transmissions. Spreaders had a longer symptom onset to isolation interval, more frequent pre-isolation pneumonia diagnoses, higher pre-isolation contacts, hospitalizations, and ER visits, and lower cycle","qid":14,"docid":"f0ny4ur5","rank":21,"score":10.657500267028809},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis of over 4,700 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and their associated metadata. The sequences of SARS-CoV-2 have a high sequence identity but drop to around 96% when compared to bat coronavirus. The researchers built a mutation-annotated reference SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny with two main macro-haplogroups, A and B, both of Asian origin","qid":14,"docid":"qw05apnf","rank":22,"score":10.621700286865234},{"content":"A two-cohort SIR model explains the Covid-19 epidemic evolution in several countries, featuring a large population with a slightly below 1 R0 value and a smaller subgroup with high R0, acting as super-spreaders. The epidemic slows down when herd immunity is reached in the subgroup, and the system's dynamics are robust against non-pharmaceutical measures.","qid":14,"docid":"123i465d","rank":23,"score":10.338500022888184},{"content":"A study using a stochastic small-world network model reveals the occurrence of \"super-spreaders\" in the transmission of SARS, even with constant infectiousness. Long exposure times and significant nosocomial transmission were key factors in the severity of the Hong Kong outbreak. Effective control measures include limiting long range links or rapid hospitalization and isolation.","qid":14,"docid":"dqkjofw2","rank":24,"score":10.334199905395508},{"content":"This study explores the concept of super-spreading events in the context of microblogging on Online Social Networks (OSNs), where a small number of users significantly influence the spread of information to numerous others. The research focuses on understanding super-spreading phenomena to enhance data mining tasks such as hot topic detection and harmful information monitoring. The SAIR model is introduced, based on epidemic models, to characterize super-spreading in tweet information propagation.","qid":14,"docid":"av8ww9fd","rank":25,"score":10.28950023651123},{"content":"The passage discusses the trade-off between disease re-emergence and lockdown duration in countries aiming for COVID-19 elimination. The distribution of secondary cases, particularly the presence of \"super-spreaders,\" is an essential factor in this assessment. Analytical calculations and simulations suggest that once a subregion has only one recognized case, it may be safe to release from lockdown after one or two incubation periods. Evidence suggests a distribution with prominent \"","qid":14,"docid":"1ir2ptuj","rank":26,"score":10.175000190734863},{"content":"The 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in the Republic of Korea displayed super-spreading events with significant heterogeneity in secondary case generation. Agent-based modeling, specifically a stochastic agent-based framework, was used to understand this heterogeneity by incorporating clinical and social or environmental factors. Super-spreaders, with stronger transmission and\/or higher contacts, were found to be the primary drivers of substantial heterogeneity in secondary case generation based on","qid":14,"docid":"2wc1bxi1","rank":27,"score":10.07409954071045},{"content":"A retrospective study identified a super-spreading transmission chain of SARS-CoV-2 involving an index patient, seven cancer patients, 40 healthcare workers, and four family members. The index patient and another presumptive super-spreader initiated and amplified the chain. Most patients were symptomatic with abnormal chest CT-scans and positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal or throat swabs and specific","qid":14,"docid":"yp38t4yb","rank":28,"score":10.006699562072754},{"content":"The passage argues against the labeling of children as \"super spreaders\" of COVID-19 and advocates for the safe reopening of schools. It cites numerous studies indicating that children are less likely to contract and transmit the virus compared to adults. The author emphasizes the importance of in-person learning for children's social, emotional, and academic development and the negative consequences of prolonged school closures. The passage concludes by urging caution and implementation of safety measures","qid":14,"docid":"m005jyta","rank":29,"score":9.97599983215332},{"content":"A chest tube, used to drain air or fluid from the chest cavity, can act as a \"super spreader\" of COVID-19 due to the continuous release of aerosols. These aerosols, which can contain the virus, are expelled when the tube is suctioned or when the patient coughs or breathes. Healthcare workers treating patients with chest tubes should take extra precautions, including using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)","qid":14,"docid":"y42o6exe","rank":30,"score":9.975998878479004},{"content":"A chest tube, used to drain air or fluid from the chest cavity, can act as a \"super spreader\" of COVID-19 due to the continuous release of aerosols. These aerosols, which can contain the virus, are expelled when the tube is suctioned or when the patient coughs or breathes. Healthcare workers treating patients with chest tubes should take extra precautions, including using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)","qid":14,"docid":"z19xdrxu","rank":31,"score":9.975997924804688},{"content":"The passage argues against the labeling of children as \"super spreaders\" of COVID-19. It cites several studies that suggest children are less likely to contract and transmit the virus than adults. The author emphasizes the importance of reopening schools, considering the negative impacts of prolonged school closures on children's education, mental health, and social development.","qid":14,"docid":"zy1byu51","rank":32,"score":9.975996971130371},{"content":"A study in Tianjin, China, analyzed COVID-19 transmission data from January 21 to February 26, 2020, identifying 135 cases in 43 chains. The largest chain had 45 cases, and the longest had four generations. Using a heterogeneous transmission model, the researchers estimated the reproductive number R to be 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54-0.","qid":14,"docid":"3v4sedfo","rank":33,"score":9.954099655151367},{"content":"A study in Tianjin, China, analyzed COVID-19 transmission data from January 21 to February 26, 2020, identifying 135 cases in 43 chains. The largest chain had 45 cases, and the longest had four generations. Using a heterogeneous transmission model, the study estimated the reproductive number R to be 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54-0.","qid":14,"docid":"uo7ixk9r","rank":34,"score":9.95409870147705},{"content":"The passage discusses the cancellation of the International Hajj pilgrimage as a measure to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This event, which attracts millions of people from around the world, has been identified as a potential super spreader event due to the close contact and large crowds involved. The decision to cancel the pilgrimage was made to minimize the risk of infection and transmission, in line with efforts to mitigate the global pandemic.","qid":14,"docid":"k6ijng66","rank":35,"score":9.93850040435791},{"content":"A cluster epidemic of COVID-19 occurred in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, after a Buddhism rally on January 19, 2020. The initial case infected 29 second generation cases and 4 asymptomatic infection cases, with a higher risk for those taking bus with the initial case. A total of 67 COVID-19 cases, 15 asymptomatic infection cases, 37 third+ generation cases,","qid":14,"docid":"hsgx534y","rank":36,"score":9.770099639892578},{"content":"A cluster epidemic of COVID-19 occurred in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, after a Buddhism rally on January 19, 2020. The initial case infected 29 second generation cases and 4 asymptomatic infection cases, with a higher risk for those taking bus with the initial case. A total of 67 COVID-19 cases, 15 asymptomatic infection cases, 37 third+ generation cases,","qid":14,"docid":"x9c2ymra","rank":37,"score":9.770098686218262},{"content":"During the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, hospital infections and super-spreading events (SSE) were significant factors. A mathematical model was used to estimate transmission levels between the index super-spreader, staff, and patients. The results supported a hypothesis of an initial surge caused by a single super-spreader, with increased patient risk around one month into the outbreak. The estimated number of cases caused by SSE was lower than previously reported","qid":14,"docid":"9mhcr9h4","rank":38,"score":9.742799758911133},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential of public health innovation, including dense sampling and next-generation sequencing, to increase the resolution of microbial characterization and map physical parameters relevant to microbial survival and spread. Combining microbial, physical, and epidemiological big data could improve risk identification. However, these approaches could do harm if used incorrectly. The concept of minimizing microbial-human interactions is a mistake as some microbes previously thought of as benign","qid":14,"docid":"75pu449b","rank":39,"score":9.61870002746582},{"content":"A mathematical model is presented for the spread of COVID-19, focusing on super-spreaders. The model calculates the basic reproduction number threshold and examines the disease-free equilibrium's stability. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on the model's parameters. Numerical simulations demonstrate the model's applicability to the Wuhan outbreak.","qid":14,"docid":"mtoaz6vx","rank":40,"score":9.577199935913086},{"content":"A mathematical model is presented for the spread of COVID-19, focusing on super-spreaders. The model calculates the basic reproduction number threshold, examines the disease-free equilibrium stability, and investigates parameter sensitivity. Simulations demonstrate the model's applicability to the Wuhan outbreak.","qid":14,"docid":"h2gwzypy","rank":41,"score":9.517900466918945},{"content":"A study was conducted in Tianjin, China to evaluate the transmission heterogeneity and super-spreading events (SSEs) of COVID-19 using a heterogeneous transmission model. The study analyzed 135 confirmed cases between January 21 and February 26, 2020, and identified 43 transmission chains with the largest chain having 45 cases and the longest chain spanning four generations. The estimated reproduction number R was","qid":14,"docid":"uicvudil","rank":42,"score":9.412400245666504},{"content":"A 50-year-old HIV-positive man with a COVID-19 diagnosis was found dead at home, five weeks after exhibiting symptoms. Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) of his lungs revealed deterioration beyond typical post-mortem findings, resembling acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with histologically identified inflammation and binuclear lymphocytes. Additional findings included acute liver dyst","qid":14,"docid":"iwkuwnun","rank":43,"score":9.392900466918945},{"content":"The passage discusses a new estimate for the basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19, which is higher than previously estimated. Based on a SEIR model that accounts for the distribution of the incubation period, R0 is suggested to range from 4.4 to 11.7. This estimate is based on the observed doubling time in the near-exponential phases of the epidemic spread in several countries. The authors argue that individual case reports from","qid":14,"docid":"3ruxk6u2","rank":44,"score":9.371199607849121},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of rare ACE2 coding variants as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. The ACE2 protein, which is encoded on the X chromosome, plays a crucial role in the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to human cells. Males who carry rare ACE2 variants will express them in all ACE2-expressing cells, while females will typically express them in a mosaic distribution. The","qid":14,"docid":"05w8tv8x","rank":45,"score":9.35260009765625},{"content":"The passage describes an analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Tianjin and the evaluation of the effectiveness of control measures. From April 13 to May 8, 2003, 175 SARS cases were identified, with a fatality rate of 8.0%. The epidemic lasted less than one month, with 93.7% of cases trans","qid":14,"docid":"lf2mfqgb","rank":46,"score":9.186300277709961},{"content":"A study identified four genetic clusters, or \"super-spreaders\" (SSs), of SARS-CoV-2 through phylodynamic analysis of 247 genomic sequences. These SSs were responsible for major outbreaks in Asia, the US, and Europe. SS1 was linked to outbreaks in Asia and the US, particularly in Washington and California, while SS4 contributed to the European pandemic. Further analysis of 1539 sequences reported after","qid":14,"docid":"3uzsx715","rank":47,"score":9.175100326538086},{"content":"A study identified four genetic clusters, or \"super-spreaders\" (SSs), of SARS-CoV-2 through phylodynamic analysis of 247 high-quality genomic sequences. These SSs were responsible for major outbreaks in various countries, with SS1 predominantly causing outbreaks in Asia and the US, and SS4 contributing to the pandemic in Europe. Further analysis of 1539 genome sequences reported after February 29","qid":14,"docid":"4zyfc0y4","rank":48,"score":9.17509937286377},{"content":"The Kemeny constant of a graph is used to identify and analyze bridges between communities, which can help in detecting and preventing the spread of COVID-19 between different communities. This approach is important for effective testing, tracking, and tracing abilities, as traditional methods can face practical limits in an exponential growth of testing or overly conservative quarantining. Simulations suggest that this application of graph theory can efficiently identify and block possible \"super-spreader links\" in the early stages","qid":14,"docid":"eofrf2em","rank":49,"score":9.017600059509277},{"content":"A study conducted on June 7, 2015, at Pyeongtaek St. Mary\u2019s Hospital in South Korea, investigated the role of airflow in the transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) during an outbreak. Tracer gas experiments confirmed that the gas spread to adjacent and distant rooms through the eighth floor, where the initial patient was hospitalized. The air change rate was high, with air introduced through the infected patient'","qid":14,"docid":"mz5gdb59","rank":50,"score":8.888799667358398},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak in China, excluding Hubei Province, was studied using individually documented case data to estimate the distributions of generation time, incubation period, and periods from symptom onset to isolation and diagnosis. The recommended 14-day quarantine period may result in a 6.7% failure rate. A 22-day quarantine period is recommended. The mean generation time is 3.3 days, mean incubation period is ","qid":14,"docid":"px0twvhs","rank":51,"score":8.862099647521973},{"content":"This study introduces a new method for calculating spatially adjusted, time-varying reproductive numbers to better understand the geographical expansion of urban dengue outbreaks. While time-varying effective reproductive numbers (R(t)) provide more information than the basic reproductive number (R(0)), they do not account for individual-level geographical variations in exposure risk. The proposed method estimates individual-level effective reproductive numbers (R(j","qid":14,"docid":"oen0ycsr","rank":52,"score":8.826199531555176},{"content":"A study suggests that blood group incompatibility may significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Data shows COVID-19 patients are over-represented by blood type A and under-represented by type O. A model indicates ABO transfusion incompatibility could decrease transmission by 60% or more. However, targeted vaccination of high-susceptibility type A or \"super-spreader\" type O individuals is less effective than random","qid":14,"docid":"rbtgsoa1","rank":53,"score":8.800000190734863},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between the inter-city mobility network in Brazil and the emergence of COVID-19 cases in the country. The authors used a Geographical Information System to represent cities as nodes and flows as weighted edges. They found that applying certain thresholds to the networks' flows to neglect the lowest-frequency travels resulted in better correspondences between network measures, such as strength, degree, and betweenness, and the emergence of cities with confirmed COVID-19","qid":14,"docid":"cxiac4pm","rank":54,"score":8.71780014038086},{"content":"A study of 897 participants found that 70% of them would take a costless COVID-19 test. Contrary to expectations, those most likely to spread the virus, such as extraverts and younger people, were the most willing to get tested. The results suggest that people are selfless in their decision to test for COVID-19, which is encouraging for the success of widespread testing in targeting those who generate the largest social benefits from self-isolation","qid":14,"docid":"oyfx3ij5","rank":55,"score":8.628999710083008},{"content":"The passage discusses a study analyzing intrapatient heterogeneity of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) during the 2015 South Korean outbreak. Deep-sequencing analysis of MERS-CoV genomes from eight patients revealed significant intrapatient variation. Further analysis using targeted deep sequencing of 35 specimens from 24 patients, including a super-spreader, demonstrated intrapatient heterogene","qid":14,"docid":"xgp2vx6o","rank":56,"score":8.619799613952637},{"content":"A system dynamics model is being used to study the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune response, focusing on the fraction of the population infected and the roles of innate immune response, initial virus load, virus burden with shedding events, and cytokine levels in determining the severity of symptoms (asymptomatic, mild, acute, or super-spreader). This research aims to support drug use, antibody production, and vaccine development","qid":14,"docid":"q1p6h532","rank":57,"score":8.601300239562988},{"content":"The 2003 SARS epidemics in Hong Kong and Singapore were marked by super spreading events (SSEs), where a small number of individuals caused a disproportionate number of infections. The authors identified these SSEs using mathematical and statistical analysis and found that they accounted for 71.1% of infections in Hong Kong and 74.8% in Singapore. The occurrence of SSEs seemed to synchronize with community","qid":14,"docid":"axns3ukm","rank":58,"score":8.573699951171875},{"content":"The multi-chain Fudan-CCDC model, an improvement on the original single-chain model, is proposed to effectively and efficiently describe the evolution of COVID-19 in Singapore. Multi-chains represent the combination of several single chains with distinct characteristics. The model's parameters are identified by minimizing a penalty function. Numerical simulation results indicate the multi-chain model fits the data well, with increments within a 25% fluctuation range. The model predict","qid":14,"docid":"etnf4i8v","rank":59,"score":8.48960018157959},{"content":"A study analyzed viral sequences from 13 pediatric COVID-19 patients, five of whom had PIMS-TS. Contrary to previous hypotheses, no unique sequences were found in the viruses from PIMS-TS patients.","qid":14,"docid":"cuntxa6e","rank":60,"score":8.47760009765625},{"content":"This study analyzed the clinical and transmission characteristics of Covid-19 among 25 cases from a single thoracic surgery department. There were 13 patients and 12 healthcare staff, with a median age of 61 and 35 years, respectively. By the end of follow-up, there were 16 non-severe cases (64%) and 9 severe cases (36%), with 5 deaths (20%). COPD","qid":14,"docid":"xwqxji63","rank":61,"score":8.459500312805176},{"content":"This study analyzed the clinical and transmission characteristics of Covid-19 among 25 cases from a single thoracic surgery department. There were 13 patients and 12 healthcare staff, with a median age of 61 and 35 years, respectively. By the end of follow-up, there were 16 non-severe cases (64%) and 9 severe cases (36%), with 5 deaths (20%). COPD","qid":14,"docid":"z2q063sa","rank":62,"score":8.45949935913086},{"content":"The passage discusses a network analysis study of the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea to understand disease transmission among individuals through contact networks. The study reveals that a few super-spreaders played a significant role in the spread of the disease, causing ongoing transmissions in local neighborhoods. The infectious contact network showed small-world dynamics, with locally clustered contacts and short transmission paths. The study also identified a common-source outbreak followed by secondary person","qid":14,"docid":"a5baie4z","rank":63,"score":8.342499732971191},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aimed at reconstructing SARS-CoV-2 infection events and transmission clusters outside of Hubei Province in China. The study analyzed 9,120 confirmed cases from January 20 to February 19, 2020, and identified 1,407 infection events that formed 643 transmission clusters. The results showed that 34 primary cases were identified as super-spreaders, and ","qid":14,"docid":"b10yokyu","rank":64,"score":8.285799980163574},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the transmission routes of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) during the first hospital outbreak in the Republic of Korea in May 2015. Seven hypothesized transmission modes were identified based on long-range airborne, close contact, and fomite routes. The infection risks for each hypothesis were estimated using a multi-agent modeling framework and compared with reported attack rates through least-squares fitting. The results suggested that","qid":14,"docid":"4nd5wzrm","rank":65,"score":8.114700317382812},{"content":"A new mathematical model is presented to explain the slower approaching herd immunity during the COVID-19 epidemic in Sweden. The model takes into account the hierarchical structure of social clusters in society and applies the theory of random walk on energy landscapes represented mathematically with ultrametric spaces. Social barriers between clusters depend on the number of hierarchy levels and increase linearly. The infection spreads easily within a cluster but jumps to other clusters are constrained by social barriers.","qid":14,"docid":"njypqq2c","rank":66,"score":8.06659984588623},{"content":"The Singapore Ministry of Health, with WHO assistance, is investigating an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The condition is marked by atypical pneumonia and efficient hospital transmission. This report details the epidemiological aspects of the outbreak in Singapore, focusing on the role of \"super spreaders\" and the national prevention and control strategy.","qid":14,"docid":"c48gl27o","rank":67,"score":7.941699981689453},{"content":"COVID-19, a novel respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus that began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and became a pandemic in March 2020, affects a small percentage of children and adolescents who often experience milder symptoms but can develop severe illness. Neonates can also contract the virus, and children may unknowingly spread it in the community. This review summarizes current knowledge about COVID-19 in children and adoles","qid":14,"docid":"h2cm3cge","rank":68,"score":7.915299892425537},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between the susceptible proportion and the basic reproduction number in simple infection models. The authors investigate how this relationship holds under more complex modeling assumptions, including non-exponential distributions for lifetimes and infectious periods, a general recruitment process, multiple stages of infection, and a multigroup model. For a homogeneous population, they find that the susceptible proportion is related to a modified reproduction number, and the proportions of the population in each infection","qid":14,"docid":"gmpsniqt","rank":69,"score":7.884399890899658},{"content":"A national online survey in Japan during March 2020 investigated the relationship between perception and anxiety levels about COVID-19 and risk behaviors for spreading the virus. The study found that those with low knowledge about COVID-19 were less likely to access information sources, trust them, or practice preventive behaviors. This group was also less anxious about their health status and less concerned about expanding infection. The study emphasizes the importance of enlightening those with no concerns about COVID-19","qid":14,"docid":"5nkoybui","rank":70,"score":7.872700214385986},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of mathematical models to estimate the impact of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19. Three models were proposed with scenarios including screening, quarantine, and NPIs. The analysis showed that without screening, the number of COVID-19 patients and spreaders would be higher. The implementation of NPIs, such as screening and quarantine, was found to reduce the number of spreaders and slow the","qid":14,"docid":"1obd7mq8","rank":71,"score":7.8155999183654785},{"content":"In a study of 42 contacts of a super-spreader in Germany, 26 individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using in-house neutralization testing. Comparison with four commercial serological assays indicated limited sensitivity in a high-prevalence setting. Nucleocapsid restricted tests showed better sensitivity, while spike-based assays had a stronger correlation with neutralization capacity.","qid":14,"docid":"k2djlq01","rank":72,"score":7.700099945068359},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread globally. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies, including real-time disease mapping, predictive risk mapping, and contact tracing, are essential for monitoring and responding to the epidemic. Various online\/mobile GIS and mapping dashboards and applications are available for tracking the coronavirus epidemic and associated events","qid":14,"docid":"oe6daiwx","rank":73,"score":7.690100193023682},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread globally. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies, including real-time disease mapping, predictive risk mapping, and contact tracing, are essential for monitoring and responding to the epidemic. Various online\/mobile GIS and mapping dashboards and applications are available for tracking the coronavirus epidemic and associated events","qid":14,"docid":"sjrnu3f3","rank":74,"score":7.690099239349365},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study of the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak analyzed factors contributing to host susceptibility to MERS-CoV infection. Of 175 individuals exposed to a super-spreader, 26 (14.9%) contracted the virus. In multivariate analysis, a history of autologous stem cell transplantation (HR: 31.151, 95% CI: 5","qid":14,"docid":"bnh65bqg","rank":75,"score":7.597499847412109},{"content":"The passage discusses the exploration of various disease propagation models using daily infection data from the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong. Simple random models were found to be insufficient, and the standard epidemic susceptible-infected-removed model did not fully account for the data's variability. A more complex small world network model was proposed as an alternative, which could reliably produce simulations quantitatively similar to the true data. The small world network model can explain the seemingly","qid":14,"docid":"wj7ik9qv","rank":76,"score":7.497499942779541},{"content":"A systematic review of four immunomodulatory therapies (anakinra, sarilumab, siltuximab, and tocilizumab) for coronavirus-related infections was conducted. Five studies with 59 patients were included, all having a moderate to high risk of bias. Primary outcomes, such as time to hospital discharge and severity at day 15, were inconsistently reported but suggested improvement in patients seven days following therapy","qid":14,"docid":"t7kjh9yr","rank":77,"score":7.311299800872803},{"content":"Contact tracing is an effective measure in controlling the spread of infectious diseases, particularly for low case numbers. Its efficiency depends on the basic reproductive ratio of the disease and can be investigated through pairwise-approximation methods and full stochastic simulations. However, clustering within the transmission network can destroy the relationship, requiring lower contact tracing efficiency than predicted.","qid":14,"docid":"492xtiqh","rank":78,"score":7.305200099945068},{"content":"A computational model was developed to identify Human-nCoV protein interactions using experimentally validated SARS-CoV-Human interactions. Level-1 and level-2 human spreader proteins were identified using the SIS model and a gene-ontology based fuzzy affinity function. These proteins were considered potential targets for nCoV bait proteins. The derived host-pathogen interaction network was validated using 7 potential FDA listed drugs for","qid":14,"docid":"k4f79dr4","rank":79,"score":7.30109977722168},{"content":"A study by Gautret et al. suggested that hydroxychloroquine monotherapy and hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin could reduce viral load in COVID-19 patients. However, the study has major methodological issues, including design, outcome measure, and statistical analyses. This paper discusses the background, clinical evidence, pharmacology, and methodological issues related to the trial. Despite the urgency to find antiv","qid":14,"docid":"wnb4cltt","rank":80,"score":7.289400100708008},{"content":"Two studies with over 1,700 U.S. adults found that people share false information about COVID-19 due to lack of sufficient thinking about accuracy. In Study 1, participants had difficulty distinguishing true from false content when sharing on social media, but improved with greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge. Study 2 showed that a simple accuracy reminder before the study significantly increased truth discernment in participants' sharing intentions. These findings suggest that nudging people to consider accuracy","qid":14,"docid":"abj9b0x0","rank":81,"score":7.221499919891357},{"content":"The passage presents findings from two studies conducted with over 1,700 U.S. adults regarding why people share false information about COVID-19 on social media. Study 1 revealed that participants had difficulty distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate content when deciding what to share, but greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge improved discernment. Study 2 demonstrated that a simple accuracy reminder before the study led to nearly three times more truthful sharing intentions. The results suggest that nud","qid":14,"docid":"zbkgabl2","rank":82,"score":7.221498966217041},{"content":"The SARS outbreak in Singapore began in February 2003 with three travelers from Hong Kong. One of them was a super-spreader, leading to a national outbreak. The military played a role in contact tracing and enforcing home quarantine, while military-affiliated research institutes provided diagnostic support. The review details the diagnostic findings in chronological order and highlights the importance of the collaboration between military-affiliated and public health laboratories during the crisis","qid":14,"docid":"yxn8v9q6","rank":83,"score":7.212699890136719},{"content":"The passage discusses a study focused on identifying spreader nodes and ranking interacting edges in the SARS-CoV protein interaction network. With the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 is genetically similar to SARS-CoV, the research aims to find key spreader nodes and edges using a new feature called spreadability index. The method was first applied to a synthetic network and then to the SARS-CoV-human protein interaction network. The","qid":14,"docid":"5jccb3nh","rank":84,"score":7.114500045776367},{"content":"The SARS-CoV2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that can lead to fatal lower respiratory tract infections and ARDS. The immune response to the virus can result in a \"cytokine storm,\" characterized by high cytokine concentrations, which contributes to lethal symptoms. Individuals with underlying risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and COPD, are","qid":14,"docid":"6dq6gm27","rank":85,"score":7.07420015335083},{"content":"A study proposes the CheckerOrSpreader model to distinguish between fact checkers and potential fake news spreaders based on user behavior on social media. The model uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with word embeddings and personality traits and linguistic patterns from tweets as features. Experimental results indicate improved performance in differentiating between fact checkers and spreaders by incorporating these features.","qid":14,"docid":"b1ph5tuy","rank":86,"score":7.05109977722168},{"content":"A study using ONS data from England and Wales found that during the Covid-19 pandemic, there were an additional 968 weekly deaths that did not involve Covid-19, beyond what would have been expected. Reasons for this increase could be Covid-19 underreporting, avoidance of hospitals, or lockdown effects. Further analysis of the causes of these excess non-Covid-19 deaths is necessary to inform policy responses.","qid":14,"docid":"2jttlljm","rank":87,"score":7.035399913787842},{"content":"A study using ONS data from England and Wales found an additional 968 weekly deaths not officially linked to Covid-19 during the pandemic, suggesting potential underreporting, hospital avoidance, or lockdown effects. Further analysis of causes of excess non-Covid-19 deaths is necessary to inform policy responses.","qid":14,"docid":"qg4xl5w8","rank":88,"score":7.035398960113525},{"content":"A SARS outbreak occurred in a hospital in Tianjin, China between April and May 2003, resulting in 111 suspect and probable cases. The outbreak was traced back to a single patient who infected 33 people, causing eight clusters. The mean age of the patients was 38.5 years, with 38.7% being men. The case fatality rate was 11.7%. The outbreak lasted around 4","qid":14,"docid":"j4n2shv4","rank":89,"score":6.948800086975098},{"content":"The passage discusses the concept of transmission heterogeneities in infectious diseases, specifically focusing on Escherichia coli and its interaction with cattle. About 20% of cattle are responsible for 80% of the transmission potential, a phenomenon known as the '20\/80 rule.' Factors contributing to this heterogeneity include microorganism-specific, cattle-specific, and environmental factors. Understanding these factors and their implications for human health is crucial","qid":14,"docid":"6g1qxz9i","rank":90,"score":6.9095001220703125},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to various hypotheses about the use of specific medicines and infection\/prognosis risks. Rapid answers require quick data collection and analysis, but valid and reliable evidence necessitates appropriate pharmacoepidemiologic study design and conduct. This paper, endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology, offers methodological considerations for conducting such studies in eight domains: timeliness of evidence, aligning observational","qid":14,"docid":"dylpa1en","rank":91,"score":6.891900062561035},{"content":"This study compared the clinical features and management regimens of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) patients from multiple generations of nosocomial transmission. The study found no statistical differences in age, gender, incubation period, length of hospital stay, peak temperature, duration of fever, accompanying symptoms, leucopenia, lung involvement, or modes of oxygen therapy and antibiotics among the generations. However, the initial temperature lowered, the number of","qid":14,"docid":"elho35ot","rank":92,"score":6.872499942779541},{"content":"A study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using super obese G\u00f6ttingen minipigs as a long-term survival Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) model. Eleven minipigs underwent laparoscopic RYGBP and were followed up to 9 months post-surgery. Five minipigs survived without complications, while four developed surgical related complications and two died due to central venous","qid":14,"docid":"eg09054j","rank":93,"score":6.8703999519348145},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis of 169 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, which were classified into two major genotypes: Type I and Type II. Type I can be further divided into Type IA and IB, with Type IA being most similar to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Type II is believed to have evolved from Type I and was predominant in the Wuhan Huanan market outbreak. The results suggest that","qid":14,"docid":"a12708qd","rank":94,"score":6.865099906921387},{"content":"A cross-sectional study identified wearing a mask correctly as the main super-factor preventing COVID-19 infection among medical staff in Wuhan, China. Touching the face was the main factor contributing to infections. Self-protection score was the main factor for uninfected staff but isolated in infected group. Exposure to Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market and contact with wild animals were isolated factors for family members.","qid":14,"docid":"lmw1l7gz","rank":95,"score":6.860300064086914},{"content":"A cross-sectional study identified wearing a mask correctly as the main super-factor preventing COVID-19 infection among medical staff in Wuhan, China. Touching the face was the main factor contributing to infections. Self-protection score was the super-factor for uninfected staff but isolated in infected staff. Exposure to Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market and contact with wild animals were isolated factors for family members.","qid":14,"docid":"x67wh2na","rank":96,"score":6.860299110412598},{"content":"SARS outbreak in Hong Kong occurred in spring 2003, infecting 1755 people and killing nearly 300. Introduced by travelers from China, the epidemic lasted from late February to early June. Two major \"super-spreading\" events occurred, one in a hospital and the other in a housing estate. Transmission was primarily through droplets and close contacts, but aerosol generation may have increased risk. Health-","qid":14,"docid":"zqer9w9t","rank":97,"score":6.846199989318848},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous hypotheses about the use of specific medicines and infection risk. Rapid answers are required, but valid and reliable evidence can only be generated through appropriate pharmacoepidemiologic study design and conduct. This paper, endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology, outlines methodological considerations for conducting such studies across eight domains: timeliness of evidence, alignment of observational and interventional research","qid":14,"docid":"olo2ildg","rank":98,"score":6.830599784851074},{"content":"The passage introduces EveSense, a social media application that detects real-life events and related trending topics from Twitter. It utilizes a new approach called Dynamic Heartbeat Graph (DHG) for efficient feature extraction and superior event detection performance. The application was tested and evaluated on three case studies: a sports event, FA cup Final, and two political events, Super Tuesday and US Election.","qid":14,"docid":"h9brighg","rank":99,"score":6.8109002113342285},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of identifying super-spreading events in ongoing COVID-19 outbreaks for public health interventions. By analyzing cluster sizes of epidemiologically-linked cases in Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore, the study found that large cluster sizes, suggestive of super-spreading events, were unlikely based on the estimated basic reproductive number (R0) and dispersion factor (k).","qid":14,"docid":"2t4fsfy9","rank":100,"score":6.786499977111816}]}
{"query":"how long can the coronavirus live outside the body","hits":[{"content":"Summary: The passage discusses the duration that viruses such as the common cold, flu, and coronavirus survive outside a body, and the influencing factors.","qid":15,"docid":"959w9sln","rank":1,"score":9.741600036621094},{"content":"The passage discusses the remarkable longevity of certain animal species, some of which have lived for over 400 years, and others, like bats and naked mole-rats, live much longer than expected for their size and metabolic rate. These long-lived organisms have contributed to our understanding of aging mechanisms by challenging theories such as the rate-of-living theory and the oxidative stress hypothesis. They have also provided insights into the role of","qid":15,"docid":"pgsdu0fu","rank":2,"score":9.713800430297852},{"content":"The passage discusses the survival duration of viruses such as cold, flu, and coronavirus outside the human body, with the author being Douglas Fairchild from Two Harbors, Minnesota, US. The factors influencing the survival of these viruses include temperature, humidity, and sunlight.","qid":15,"docid":"hgau3922","rank":3,"score":9.63379955291748},{"content":"The passage provides an overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The review discusses the virus's structure, origin, and the body's response to infection. SARS-CoV-2 attacks lung cells using Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptors, leading to pneumonia and Acute Res","qid":15,"docid":"1de98sxz","rank":4,"score":8.174200057983398},{"content":"The passage provides an overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus attacks lung cells through conserved receptor entries, leading to pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The review summarizes the virus's structure, origin, and the body's responses, including the possibility of an immune system over-","qid":15,"docid":"1tl71xqw","rank":5,"score":8.174199104309082},{"content":"A study used machine learning algorithms to create models predicting the lifespan of genetically diverse mice based on body weight and T-cell subset measures evaluated before two years of age. The models achieved a lifespan prediction accuracy of 35.3% (\u00b1 0.10%). This result sets a new benchmark for developing lifespan-predictive models, with potential for improvement through identification of new predictor variables and computational approaches. Future research could","qid":15,"docid":"486j76e1","rank":6,"score":8.101400375366211},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of live bird markets (LBMs) in the transmission of avian influenzas (AIs) in Vietnam and the consideration of temporary market closures as a mitigation measure. The authors present findings from a stakeholder survey indicating that traders are likely to continue trading outside formal markets if LBMs are closed, highlighting the need for simplification of the poultry value chain, strict enforcement, stakeholder engagement, and adequate communication before market closure can","qid":15,"docid":"b6kx9nnb","rank":7,"score":7.779699802398682},{"content":"Microbes, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, naturally colonize various living beings and the environment. Some microbes are harmless and live peacefully with other organisms, while others can cause illnesses and even chronic diseases. New and dangerous pathogens are increasing worldwide. Transmission routes depend on the microbe's robustness, virulence, and infectious dose, among other factors. Pathogenic microbes spread through contact, air, water","qid":15,"docid":"zpek8i5e","rank":8,"score":7.778299808502197},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the presence of quasispecies in high titered egg adapted modified live Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) vaccines and their selection in chickens post-vaccination. The spike glycoprotein of 12 IBV vaccines was sequenced and compared with reisolated viruses from vaccinated and contact-exposed birds. Differences in S1 sequence were identified within the same vaccine","qid":15,"docid":"x1wemzgn","rank":9,"score":7.742800235748291},{"content":"The passage discusses the concept of disease as an impairment of normal functions, focusing primarily on infectious diseases caused by parasites or pathogens. These organisms are categorized as macroparasites (multi-cellular, live in or on the host) or microparasites (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, have shorter generation times). Macroparasites often cause chronic infections with short-lived immunity and distinct life stages","qid":15,"docid":"46hb8fnn","rank":10,"score":7.712600231170654},{"content":"The passage introduces the concept of the \"infectome,\" which refers to an individual's exposures to infectious agents as part of the larger exposome. The investigation of the infectome can provide insights into the co-occurrence of infectious agents associated with autoimmune diseases and their potential role as triggering factors. The study of the infectome may also contribute to the understanding of microbial\/host interactions in autoimmune diseases and the concept of the human body","qid":15,"docid":"46e6qae9","rank":11,"score":7.49429988861084},{"content":"This study explores new haptic trajectories for interaction rituals during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on distancing in face-to-face encounters and politicians' negotiations of touch in handshakes through self-ethnography and video analysis. Politicians adapt their bodies, talk, gestures, and laughter to accomplish and repair potential face-threatening situations, demonstrating human ability to invent new ways of engaging while considering the material impact on sociality.","qid":15,"docid":"k6gg78w1","rank":12,"score":7.3572998046875},{"content":"A study was conducted to measure the body temperature of free-ranging koalas in southeast Queensland using surgically implanted thermal radio transmitters and data loggers. Five koalas were implanted with the devices, which recorded temperatures for varying periods. Diurnal rhythms in body temperature were detected, with the peak temperature occurring between 16:00 and 17:00 h (36.7-36.9 \u00b0C) and","qid":15,"docid":"5dzyx6pw","rank":13,"score":7.2459001541137695},{"content":"A study was conducted to measure the body temperature of free-ranging koalas in southeast Queensland using surgically implanted thermal radio transmitters and data loggers. Five koalas were implanted with the devices, which recorded temperatures for varying periods. Diurnal rhythms in body temperature were detected, with the peak temperature occurring between 16:00 and 17:00 h (36.7-36.9 \u00b0C) and","qid":15,"docid":"j2l61p76","rank":14,"score":7.245899200439453},{"content":"This paper explores the use of humor in medical practice and the differing perspectives between medical professionals and the public. The author examines opposing views on medical humor through the lens of humor theories. Humor is seen as essential for medical professionals but can be distressing for patients. The emotional aspect of humor is clarified, highlighting its context-dependent ethical nature. The paper also addresses potential issues with humor and clinical sympathy, concluding that humor and clinical sympathy can coexist if medical","qid":15,"docid":"21ldudka","rank":15,"score":7.1402997970581055},{"content":"The author reflects on how the Covid-19 crisis has disrupted the balance in their life and highlighted human vulnerability and interdependence, moving away from the dominant perception of independent bodies in patriarchal ontology. The crisis has brought attention to the most vulnerable populations and the essential roles of historically marginalized occupations. This presents an opportunity to challenge the neoliberal ontology and show resistance through teaching.","qid":15,"docid":"4aa20cut","rank":16,"score":7.118500232696533},{"content":"The passage discusses how individuals with pre-existing chronic conditions like hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 infections and complications such as near-fatal pneumonia. The article aims to provide community nurses with up-to-date information on how SARS-CoV-2 affects people and why those with long-term conditions are more susceptible. Clinical guidelines and protective measures","qid":15,"docid":"4n2xmx2w","rank":17,"score":7.105100154876709},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that people with pre-existing chronic conditions like hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity are more likely to develop severe infections and experience severe complications such as near-fatal pneumonia. This article discusses how SARS-CoV-2 affects individuals and why those with long-term conditions are at higher risk. Clinical guidelines and protective measures for community nurses caring for individuals with long-","qid":15,"docid":"s6oi477q","rank":18,"score":7.105099201202393},{"content":"A study was conducted to accurately estimate the incubation period of COVID-19 using well-documented chain-of-infection data from 10 regions in China outside of Hubei province. The researchers used a Monte Carlo simulation approach and nonparametric methods to analyze the data, and found that the mean and median incubation periods were 5.84 and 5.0 days, respectively. The incubation periods for individuals aged 40 and above","qid":15,"docid":"vkgnwxzc","rank":19,"score":7.099999904632568},{"content":"Ten patients from Shaoxing, a city outside Hubei province in China, were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 genomes during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Viral genomic analysis was feasible using metagenomics sequencing on nasopharyngeal samples with low Ct values. A cluster of four patients with travel history to Hubei shared the same virus with patients from other countries, indicating rapid global spread. Another cluster","qid":15,"docid":"m9k6upe4","rank":20,"score":6.965400218963623},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has led to significant short-term reductions in CO2 and local air pollutant emissions in the United States, primarily due to decreased demand for jet fuel, gasoline, and a smaller decline in electricity use. These reductions have resulted in approximately 200 lives saved per month. However, the long-term effects could be detrimental, as a slowdown in clean energy innovation may result in an additional 2,500 M","qid":15,"docid":"56p8ou3l","rank":21,"score":6.905399799346924},{"content":"A systematic review of 54 studies examined non-pharmacological interventions to improve nighttime sleep among long-term care residents. The studies used experimental or quasi-experimental designs and were categorized as environmental interventions, complementary health practices, social\/physical stimulation, clinical care practices, or mind-body practices. Thirty studies used a randomized controlled trial design, and most met quality criteria. Promising interventions included increased daytime light exposure, nighttime","qid":15,"docid":"6k8lat9y","rank":22,"score":6.899799823760986},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about various challenges affecting people's lives and work around the world. While much attention has been given to the impact on employees in regular employment relationships, this passage focuses on workers in flexible employment arrangements, such as temporary agency work, subcontracted labor, and gig economy jobs. The discussion covers how these individuals' work and careers may be affected by the pandemic, methods to examine period effects, and potential ramifications of flexible employment relationships during this crisis.","qid":15,"docid":"9sbyha2v","rank":23,"score":6.895500183105469},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about various challenges affecting people's lives and work around the world. While much attention has been given to the impact on employees in regular employment relationships, this passage focuses on workers in flexible employment arrangements, such as temporary agency work, subcontracted labor, and gig economy jobs. The authors discuss how these workers' careers and jobs may be affected by the pandemic, methods to examine the period effects, and how the pandemic could widen the implications of flexible employment","qid":15,"docid":"jxzvyfwx","rank":24,"score":6.895499229431152},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly transformed the way students learn in Ukrainian higher education institutions, leading to the implementation of offline and online courses through various platforms like Moodle, Zoom, Skype, and social media. A questionnaire among students revealed both challenges and benefits of distance learning during the quarantine. Information for this study came from regulations issued by Ukrainian public authorities and directives to higher education institution administrations.","qid":15,"docid":"5er3tg6g","rank":25,"score":6.881199836730957},{"content":"A study was conducted to analyze the impact of mutations in the coronavirus intergenic consensus sequence UCUAAAC on mRNA transcription using a mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) defective interfering (DI) RNA system. The researchers constructed a DI cDNA with one UCUAAAC consensus sequence in the intergenic region between genes 6 and 7 and generated 21 mutant DI RNAs with each nucleotide of","qid":15,"docid":"39po6wpq","rank":26,"score":6.871200084686279},{"content":"Exosomes, 40-100 nm membrane vesicles secreted by various cells, can be isolated from urine and plasma. They contain proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and signaling molecules reflecting their cell of origin, making them potential biomarkers. Exosomes also offer therapeutic possibilities through transfer of proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and signaling molecules. This","qid":15,"docid":"4p68aym1","rank":27,"score":6.869699954986572},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to gather data on the length of stay (LoS) of patients with COVID-19 in hospitals and ICUs from 52 studies, with the majority being from China. Median hospital LoS ranged from 4 to 53 days in China and 4 to 21 days outside of China. ICU LoS ranged from 6 to 12 days in China and 4 to 19 days outside of China. Pat","qid":15,"docid":"rso45gkx","rank":28,"score":6.861999988555908},{"content":"Preliminary research on the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19, was conducted and the results show that the virion particles are spherical or pleiomorphic with nail-like spikes. The spikes are in a post-fusion state, meaning the S1 component has disassociated, as revealed by cryo-EM. This discovery could aid in identifying and conducting clinical research on the new coronavirus.","qid":15,"docid":"cr22vp8b","rank":29,"score":6.853600025177002},{"content":"This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) hospitalizations and associated risk factors among short-stay and long-stay residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) from 2013 to 2015. The researchers used Medicare administrative claims and identified 1,118,054 short-stay and 593,443 long-stay residents. The","qid":15,"docid":"5ig4r9bi","rank":30,"score":6.808899879455566},{"content":"A qualitative systematic review was conducted to understand factors influencing ART adherence and engagement decisions among HIV-positive individuals in Africa. Ninety-five studies were included, revealing three main themes. First, HIV-positive people face numerous challenges, including poverty, social identity, stigma, and medical pluralism, which can hinder ART initiation and maintenance. Second, the healthcare system is perceived as uninviting and punishing, leading some individuals to disengage","qid":15,"docid":"wdik9jcz","rank":31,"score":6.753699779510498},{"content":"The passage discusses the complex replicative organelles of coronaviruses, which are the sites of their metabolic and reproductive activities. Recent studies have provided new insights into these organelles, which are the largest known in RNA viruses. The review focuses on the coronavirus replication-transcription complex organelle and how protein expression and function contribute to the production of factories that power the viral replication cycle within this organelle. The discussion is placed in","qid":15,"docid":"6s01qplg","rank":32,"score":6.732900142669678},{"content":"This chapter discusses the challenges of Astrovirology and Astrobiology in detecting life and viruses in extra-solar systems. The anthropomorphic belief that life is inevitable under the right conditions is criticized, and the idea that asteroids and comets bring life or its essential components is questioned. The detection of extraterrestrial solar systems has increased the need to find life and consider the presence of viruses and nanotechnology. The potential impact of extr","qid":15,"docid":"aq82tqay","rank":33,"score":6.7144999504089355},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has spread globally due to its severe pneumonia symptoms, high transmissibility, and globalization. Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through close contact with symptomatic individuals and inhalation of respiratory droplets. Dental practitioners are at high risk due to close contact with patients and exposure to body fluids, as well as the generation of aerosols during","qid":15,"docid":"1d4gf7kr","rank":34,"score":6.694300174713135},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has spread globally due to its severe pneumonia symptoms, high transmissibility, and globalization. Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through close contact with symptomatic individuals and inhalation of respiratory droplets. Dental practitioners are at high risk due to close contact with patients and exposure to body fluids, as well as the generation of aerosols during","qid":15,"docid":"i62url4t","rank":35,"score":6.694299221038818},{"content":"Women with dysmenorrhoea experience increased sensitivity to deep-tissue ischaemic pain in a body area distant from menstrual pain both during menstruation and the pain-free follicular phase, as shown by a study using the sub-maximal effort tourniquet test and von Frey hair assessments. Women with dysmenorrhoea reported significantly greater menstrual and ischaemic pain intensity compared to controls. These findings suggest long-lasting changes","qid":15,"docid":"9gvgvk8m","rank":36,"score":6.681600093841553},{"content":"The Coronavirus pandemic exposed the structural weaknesses of economic systems prioritizing capital accumulation, leading to issues such as unstable supply chains, unjust social provisioning, profiteering, precarious employment, inequities, and pollution. These problems are rooted in long-standing critiques of economic systems' consumerist values and disconnection from biophysical reality. Economists have defended economic growth as sustainable, Green, and inclusive despite systemic limits and multiple cr","qid":15,"docid":"1fk6zcqi","rank":37,"score":6.671000003814697},{"content":"This paper explores how communities living near hazardous technological installations perceive and respond to risk, focusing on the theoretical concepts of \"presencing\" and \"absencing\" to reconsider the relationship between place and risk subjectivities. The authors argue that recent theories challenge the objective distinction between proximity and distance, and they re-examine existing sociocultural studies to apply these ideas to the understanding of risk experiences. The paper concludes with implications for methodology and future research","qid":15,"docid":"dkncpt8g","rank":38,"score":6.622499942779541},{"content":"A systematic review of international literature was conducted to address the prevalence, identification, and prevention of mental health issues, including depression, self-harm, and suicidal behavior in older people living in long-term care settings. The findings revealed higher reported rates of depression and suicidal behavior in care home residents compared to older adults in the community. There was also variation in the use of standardized measures and interventions primarily focused on increasing staff knowledge, with limited involvement of older people themselves.","qid":15,"docid":"ycry015n","rank":39,"score":6.620999813079834},{"content":"During the COVID-19 lockdown, a study called SleepQuest surveyed 3474 people in the UK about their sleep quality, mental health, and lifestyle changes. The results showed that more people reported worsened sleep (1252) than improved sleep (562) during the lockdown (p<0.0001). Factors linked to worsened sleep included low mood, anxiety, and COVID-19 symptoms (all p","qid":15,"docid":"laph0zjc","rank":40,"score":6.594200134277344},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social distancing measures negatively impacted the sexual function and quality of life of non-infected reproductive-age Italian women living with their partners. A study of 89 women found significant decreases in mean sexual intercourses per month (from 6.3 to 2.3), FSFI scores (from 29.2 to 19.2), and FSDS scores (from 9.","qid":15,"docid":"d3o07fw7","rank":41,"score":6.593599796295166},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social distancing measures negatively impacted the sexual function and quality of life of non-infected reproductive-age Italian women living with their partners. An observational analysis of 89 women revealed a significant decrease in sexual intercourses per month, as well as significant increases in female sexual distress and decreases in quality of life as measured by the FSFI, FSDS, and SF-36 questionnaires, respectively","qid":15,"docid":"td05l9ct","rank":42,"score":6.59359884262085},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional long-term care options have faced challenges, leading to an increase in interest in self-direction of home and community-based services. Self-direction allows participants to hire their own staff and manage budgets for a wide range of goods and services, including home modifications and assistive devices. This approach can minimize the number of people entering homes and allow payment to family and friends providing care. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS","qid":15,"docid":"1bakthrw","rank":43,"score":6.58620023727417},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional long-term care options have faced challenges, leading to an increase in interest in self-direction of home and community-based services. Self-direction allows participants to hire their own staff and manage budgets for a wide range of goods and services, including home modifications and assistive devices. This approach can minimize the number of people entering homes and allow payment to family and friends providing care. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS","qid":15,"docid":"1c360pvm","rank":44,"score":6.5861992835998535},{"content":"A study used AI and molecular tools to classify and predict the respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials of coronaviruses based on the disorder level of their nucleocapsid and membrane proteins. SARS-CoV-2 was found to have intermediate levels of both and an unusually hard protective outer shell (M PID = 6%), suggesting greater resilience in body fluids and outside the body, leading to increased contagiousness","qid":15,"docid":"75u57fw1","rank":45,"score":6.582200050354004},{"content":"A study used AI and molecular tools to classify and predict the respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials of coronaviruses based on the disorder level of their nucleocapsid and membrane proteins. SARS-CoV-2 was found to have intermediate levels of both and an unusually hard protective outer shell, suggesting greater resilience in body fluids and outside the body, leading to increased contagiousness.","qid":15,"docid":"up5jpq45","rank":46,"score":6.5821990966796875},{"content":"The passage discusses the concept of social networks in the context of genes and proteins, arguing that they collaborate and form communities with specific roles. Mutations in these molecules can lead to beneficial effects, such as recovery from illness, or harmful ones, including the creation of biological weapons for bioterrorism. The passage emphasizes the seriousness of bioterrorism and proposes a model for studying social networks of genes within the body to identify disease biomarkers.","qid":15,"docid":"nx6gofu7","rank":47,"score":6.544899940490723},{"content":"A long phylogenetic history and diverse characteristics of bats have led to the detection of over 200 viruses in them. To understand the ecology and virology of zoonoses transmitted by bats, long-term studies with a multidisciplinary approach are necessary to gather eco-epidemiological data such as colony size, species behavior, contact between bats, and environmental factors. The loss of bat species due to ecosystem changes and","qid":15,"docid":"amzc5yrd","rank":48,"score":6.536499977111816},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 2.5 million reported infections and 200,000 deaths worldwide, highlights the need to make urban systems and local capacities resilient against the spread of infectious diseases. This paper proposes ten actions to redefine Public Health in relation to the built environment and contemporary cities. Immediate actions include flexible city schedules, smart mobility networks, neighborhood services plans, digitization of urban contexts, and rethinking","qid":15,"docid":"4q8h1yxo","rank":49,"score":6.532100200653076},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 2.5 million reported infections and 200,000 deaths worldwide, highlights the need to make urban systems and local capacities resilient against the spread of infectious diseases. This paper proposes a Decalogue of Public Health opportunities to redesign urban health strategies in response to the current environmental, social, and economic aspects of physical distancing. Immediate actions include flexible city schedules, smart mobility networks, neighborhood","qid":15,"docid":"ff1nqh22","rank":50,"score":6.53209924697876},{"content":"A mathematical model was proposed in the paper to determine if lockdown measures are effective in saving lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three cases were considered, with the first accounting for transmission from dead bodies to the living. This case had no equilibrium points except for the disease-free equilibrium, indicating the importance of handling corpses carefully. In the second case, transmission from dead bodies was removed, resulting in an equilibrium point but exponential growth of deaths, carriers, and infected individuals. In","qid":15,"docid":"rmbavm9i","rank":51,"score":6.522500038146973},{"content":"A mathematical model was proposed in the paper to determine if lockdown measures are effective in saving lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three cases were considered, one with transmission from dead bodies to the living, another without, and the last with lockdown and social distancing. The last case showed a rapid decay in the number of deaths, infected, and carriers, indicating that if lockdown recommendations are followed, COVID-19 can be reduced to zero in a few months. However,","qid":15,"docid":"xds1t447","rank":52,"score":6.522499084472656},{"content":"A computational tool was created to evaluate the risk of novel coronavirus outbreaks outside China. The risk is influenced by the evolution of cases in China, a country's connectivity to China, and the efficacy of control measures in the destination country. Countries with low connectivity and high local reproduction number benefit most from reducing importation numbers. Highly connected countries with low reproduction numbers benefit from stricter control measures. Middle-ground countries should consider a combination of policies","qid":15,"docid":"ecu579el","rank":53,"score":6.47790002822876},{"content":"A computational tool was developed to evaluate the risk of novel coronavirus outbreaks outside China. The risk assessment depends on three key parameters: (1) the cumulative number of cases in mainland China, (2) the destination country's connectivity with China, and (3) the efficacy of control measures in the destination country. Countries with low connectivity and high local reproduction number (R loc) benefit most from reducing importation numbers. Conversely, countries","qid":15,"docid":"fpexj3s5","rank":54,"score":6.477899074554443},{"content":"A paper presents a boosted ensemble of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) classifiers, named BoostLog, for anomaly detection in 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) system logs. Anomaly detection using functional behavior is less explored than performance metrics. Acquiring logs from a live 5G network is challenging, so the evaluation is conducted on logs from a 5G test bed. BoostLog learns the functional behavior of an application from normal execution logs and","qid":15,"docid":"lq8z4syu","rank":55,"score":6.459400177001953},{"content":"The passage discusses the damage caused by the COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2, beyond the lungs. Serious cases of the disease can lead to bodywide damage, including pulmonary embolisms and kidney damage. As researchers gain a better understanding of the disease's pathology, new treatments can be developed to save lives.","qid":15,"docid":"3eysv9sl","rank":56,"score":6.456200122833252},{"content":"This study provides estimates on the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Africa by the end of June 2020 using a co-variate-based instrumental variable regression model and adjusting for differences in age-structure, health service quality, and living standards. By the end of June, it is forecasted that 16.3 million people will contract COVID-19 with Northern Africa having the highest cumulative cases (5.4 million) and Eastern Africa","qid":15,"docid":"atee6lis","rank":57,"score":6.451200008392334},{"content":"A large portion of the world's population will reside in urban areas by 2007, influencing the health of both urban and non-urban residents. Few studies have explored how and why cities impact population health due to the numerous complex determinants and lack of a unified framework. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for examining the relationship between urban living and population health, based on the assumptions that urban populations are defined by size, density, diversity, and","qid":15,"docid":"myjbk7ye","rank":58,"score":6.448299884796143},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for people with diabetes, affecting glycemic control, medication use, and insulin access. Digital health solutions offer convenience and potential improvements in diabetes management, but sharing data back to clinics for virtual care remains challenging due to technical complexity. Collaboration among the global diabetes community is crucial to address these challenges and support those living with diabetes during the pandemic.","qid":15,"docid":"56tdmfp3","rank":59,"score":6.433800220489502},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for people with diabetes, affecting glycemic control, medication use, and insulin access. Digital health offers convenience and potential improvements in diabetes management through apps that capture device data and increase self-care agency. However, sharing this data back to clinics for virtual care requires high technical sophistication, making it a challenge for both clinics and patients. Collaboration among the global diabetes community is crucial during the pandemic to manage its impact on","qid":15,"docid":"8lhkiw9p","rank":60,"score":6.4337992668151855},{"content":"A computational tool was created to evaluate the risk of novel coronavirus outbreaks outside China. Risk depends on imported cases, connectivity with China, and control measures in the destination country. Countries with low China connectivity and high case importation benefit from stricter entry screening or travel restrictions. Highly connected countries with low case importation benefit from policies reducing transmission. Middle-ground countries should consider a mix of policies. Risk assessments were provided for countries in America, Asia","qid":15,"docid":"axljtddn","rank":61,"score":6.433199882507324},{"content":"A global pandemic caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing, leading to sociocultural constructions of insecurity, vulnerability, and risk. Surveillance dynamics are evident in the measurement, tracking, prediction, and regulation of bodies and pathogens. Threat is being racialized, institutions are struggling, and social media is fueling social divisions. Scholars in surveillance studies can provide valuable insights into this crisis and its","qid":15,"docid":"x8qsmlw5","rank":62,"score":6.396299839019775},{"content":"The passage discusses social distancing as a network population game in a socially connected world. It explains that social distancing has been practiced in nature and is important for stopping the spread of infectious diseases. The authors model the social distancing problem as a network population game, where individuals aim to minimize their contacts by choosing which network sites to visit or stay at. An optimal strategy can be found for each individual when the population distribution over the network reaches an equilibrium. The authors introduce the concept","qid":15,"docid":"qev9sryo","rank":63,"score":6.382800102233887},{"content":"The coronavirus has caught the West off guard, raising questions about globalization, societal organization, safety, and control. The novelty of the situation has left many feeling confused, numb, and uncertain. This satirical passage encourages reflection on the lessons to be learned from the crisis before it becomes the new normal.","qid":15,"docid":"dpupzthk","rank":64,"score":6.370999813079834},{"content":"The passage challenges the assumption that single, childless women are thriving academically during the Covid-19 pandemic. While care demands on women researchers working from home can lead to individual and collective career disadvantages, the notion that single women are carefree and highly productive requires nuance. The author shares her personal experience of living alone during the pandemic and the unique challenges it presents to academic productivity and work-life balance. Additionally, the author criticizes the emphasis on productivity as the primary measure","qid":15,"docid":"94so2gfe","rank":65,"score":6.366600036621094},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to determine the probability of weaning and survival of cancer patients on long-term mechanical ventilation in a weaning unit. Between 2008 and 2012, 122 patients were analyzed, with a cumulative incidence of weaning at 42% at 21 days, 49% at 30 days, 58% at 60 days, 61% at 9","qid":15,"docid":"u5ecibta","rank":66,"score":6.3649001121521},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic poses new challenges for psychosomatic clinics, requiring institutions to implement patterns of care such as rededication, stepwise evacuation, and stand-by for continued service under medical epidemic conditions. Relevant topics include addressing anxiety about the virus and interpersonal issues due to social distancing, care for those in precarious living situations, altered communication structures, and care for individuals occupied with COVID-19. Patients undergo clinical and virologic","qid":15,"docid":"yjmada6s","rank":67,"score":6.357500076293945},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of our barrier surfaces in protecting us from the outside world and the unique immunological fortifications found at these sites. The article series on Barrier Immunity highlights new biological processes discovered through advanced technologies and how they evolve as we age.","qid":15,"docid":"gm9j0b58","rank":68,"score":6.3541998863220215},{"content":"Seabirds are host to various parasites, including ticks, mites, helminths, viruses, and bacteria, which can negatively impact their health. Long-lived seabirds that travel across continents may be more exposed to parasites. Understanding current parasite infection levels, transmission pathways, and population-level impacts is crucial for predicting ecosystem changes and how climate change will affect seabird species. The orders of Charadriiform","qid":15,"docid":"re9c3e0b","rank":69,"score":6.338500022888184},{"content":"The World Health Organization advises against the use of \"immunity passports\" for COVID-19 due to insufficient evidence of protection against second infections. The US National Institutes of Health ends a grant for research on viruses spreading from wildlife to humans due to political pressure. The FDA warns against prescribing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 patients outside of hospitals or clinical trials due to safety concerns. The US Supreme","qid":15,"docid":"nam9jp3c","rank":70,"score":6.333700180053711},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerabilities of the industrial food system in the U.S., leading to increased appreciation for essential workers in agriculture, meatpacking, grocery stores, and food transportation. This commentary discusses food sovereignty, its application in urban areas, and how the pandemic can spur responses to enhance urban food sovereignty. While acknowledging the importance of trade and regional advantages, there is a need to explore local and urban food production and","qid":15,"docid":"bsymc7w2","rank":71,"score":6.306000232696533},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses new challenges for psychosomatic clinics, requiring institutions to adapt through patterns of care such as rededication, stepwise evacuation, and stand-by for continued service. Key topics include addressing anxiety and interpersonal issues due to social distancing, care for those in precarious living situations, altered communication structures, and care for individuals occupied with COVID-19. Patients undergo clinical and virologic diagnostic processes before admission and receive","qid":15,"docid":"42wlbcbm","rank":72,"score":6.303400039672852},{"content":"During the 2009 influenza pandemic, unexpected findings from Canadian studies showed that seasonally vaccinated patients were more likely to have pandemic influenza. Scientific journals and advisory committees reviewed the evidence, but its release to the media complicated the process. The normal research process involves peer-review publication before decision-makers consider the information. However, the concurrent review and media dissemination raised questions about handling emerging evidence during public health emergencies. This case study","qid":15,"docid":"xg868v5n","rank":73,"score":6.297100067138672},{"content":"This study examines the role of functional traits in determining the distribution of amphibian species in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Using potential distributions based on functional traits, the researchers analyzed the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on species richness, endemism, and beta diversity components. Results showed that environmental variables explained a larger portion of species richness (59.5% for Anuran and 88.8% for Gymnophiona), while functional traits","qid":15,"docid":"c980uv3z","rank":74,"score":6.290800094604492},{"content":"The passage discusses the history of human behavior in assembling in crowds for various reasons such as religion, sport, and culture. It mentions the long-standing traditions of Christian pilgrimages and the Hajj in Islam, as well as the popularity of football with over 1.5 million teams and 270 million amateur players. The formal study of crowds, or Mass Gathering Medicine, focuses on the public health challenges of hosting large events. The passage compares","qid":15,"docid":"xjbz9fw9","rank":75,"score":6.280900001525879},{"content":"A young girl's nasal epithelium was examined through electron microscopy, revealing coronavirus infection. Virions were found within and near ciliated cells, but not in goblet cells or other mucosa cells. The cytoplasm contained various virion-filled vesicles and lysosome-like structures. Empty virus particles were present in both the cytosomes and extracellularly. Virus budding occurred in the","qid":15,"docid":"4od8qt36","rank":76,"score":6.267199993133545},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in the US has led to an increase in hate crimes against Asian Americans and vandalism of their businesses. Negative biases and microaggressions towards Asian Americans have also risen due to the disease's association with China. Historically, Asian Americans have been stereotyped as perpetually foreign and linked to infectious diseases. This essay explores the potential repercussions, including the possibility of a renewed panethnic Asian American identity","qid":15,"docid":"uiezqa4p","rank":77,"score":6.257400035858154},{"content":"This report summarizes the transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 104 patients from Hunan Province, outside Wuhan. Contact investigation was conducted on admitted patients from January 22 to February 23, 2020. Of the 104 patients, 48 (46.15%) were immigrants from Wuhan, and 93 (89.42%) had","qid":15,"docid":"65kw5eof","rank":78,"score":6.244200229644775},{"content":"This report summarizes a study on the transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 104 patients outside Wuhan, China. The study used contact investigation and confirmed cases through PCR tests. Of the 104 patients, 48 were imported cases from Wuhan, and 93 had contact history with infections. Family clusters were the major source of infections. The mean age was 43 years","qid":15,"docid":"wfnlp15o","rank":79,"score":6.244199275970459},{"content":"Autophagy is a cellular process involved in removing damaged organelles and long-lived proteins, and serving as innate immunity against intracellular microbial pathogens. Various viruses can impact autophagy, with some suppressing it for survival, others enhancing or exploiting it for replication. The relationship between viruses and autophagy can influence viral pathogenesis, leading to cell death or survival. This article discusses the connections","qid":15,"docid":"m1wm72do","rank":80,"score":6.203700065612793},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for nursing homes, with staff burdened by regulation waivers and residents experiencing social isolation leading to potential health issues. Technology adaptations can help mitigate these issues. Electronic health record systems can improve workflow and care quality, telehealth enables remote monitoring and access to outside providers, technology is useful for end-of-life planning and information sharing, and online learning systems offer flexible staff education and training. Investing in technology can reduce work","qid":15,"docid":"cbs3f71g","rank":81,"score":6.1981000900268555},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of Google Trends to analyze changes in information-seeking patterns during the coronavirus pandemic in the US. The study addresses four key questions: the relationship between coronavirus outbreak and internet searches, differences in search popularity across states, potential policy gaps indicated by search patterns, and the correlation between Google Trends data and real-life events. The methods used include trend analysis, geographic analyses, and Principal Component Analyses. The findings suggest","qid":15,"docid":"ysa8vb9x","rank":82,"score":6.192800045013428},{"content":"The Mojave Desert's fire-prone condition due to invasive annual grasses has led to variable post-fire shifts in species composition across community types. Six life-history traits (growth form, lifespan, seed size, seed dispersal, height, and leaf longevity) significantly varied between burned and unburned areas in short and long-term post-fire datasets. Forbs and grasses consistently increased, while cacti were reduced,","qid":15,"docid":"squyqflj","rank":83,"score":6.184199810028076},{"content":"This report summarizes the transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 104 patients from outside Wuhan, China. Of these patients, 48 were imported cases and 56 were indigenous cases. Contact investigation revealed that 93 of the patients had a definite contact history with infections, with family clusters being the major source. The mean age was 43 years and most patients had typical symptoms,","qid":15,"docid":"ti9b1etu","rank":84,"score":6.149799823760986},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of vaccines in preventing infectious disease epidemics, which can cause significant human suffering and economic damage. The measles vaccine, an efficient and effective live attenuated virus, has been safely administered to billions of children and offers lifelong protection after a single dose. This vaccine has been transformed into a versatile chimeric or recombinant vaccine vector, which has shown safety and immunogenicity in clinical trials and has the potential","qid":15,"docid":"uk5khcoz","rank":85,"score":6.138500213623047},{"content":"This chapter provides veterinarians with essential information about ferret biology, medicine, surgery, and care. Ferrets have a long, slender body, short legs, a long tail, small eyes, and short ears, and live for 5 to 8 years. They can be housed singly or in groups, but need protection from extreme temperatures. Ferrets are carnivorous and require a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet","qid":15,"docid":"mkk3uuv4","rank":86,"score":6.129000186920166},{"content":"This study explores the relationship between parasite virulence and free-living survival in the context of emerging outbreaks, focusing on how changes in survival traits can impact disease dynamics. Using a mathematical model inspired by SARS-CoV-2, the researchers investigate two hypothesized relationships between virulence and survival: the \"Curse of the Pharaoh hypothesis\" and the \"tradeoff hypothesis.\" The findings suggest that even small changes in survival can significantly affect outbreak features","qid":15,"docid":"a183x67w","rank":87,"score":6.125400066375732},{"content":"A study using web logs and smartphone records of 1,959 internet users revealed that women, young users, those with a university education, and nonsmokers are the most likely to use the internet and mobile applications for health-related purposes. Users frequently search for information on pharmacies, symptoms, and pain, and are most interested in healthy living, alternative medicine, mental health, and women's health. The study extends the understanding of health information consumption online and contributes","qid":15,"docid":"o8gy5zul","rank":88,"score":6.110599994659424},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the role of Orthopaedic surgeons, as described in this editorial from a German perspective. The pandemic has led to the halt of elective surgeries in most countries, resulting in Orthopaedic surgeons being relegated to minimal work. Orthopaedic wards have been reorganized as quarantine wards for Covid-19 patients, and all conferences have been cancelled, with education becoming","qid":15,"docid":"lcyv211y","rank":89,"score":6.105999946594238},{"content":"Approximately 253 million people with visual disabilities are at higher risk of contracting and being negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic due to challenges in following safety measures and accessing healthcare. The pandemic and resulting lockdown pose significant challenges, but inclusive service approaches involving individuals with visual disabilities, caregivers, family members, and healthcare providers can help minimize these impacts. Governments and private sectors should prioritize these inclusive approaches to improve outcomes for people with visual","qid":15,"docid":"5bb9xeh3","rank":90,"score":6.097899913787842},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses greater risks to over 253 million people with visual disabilities worldwide, as they are more susceptible to contracting the virus. The lockdown measures and recommended behavioral changes present significant challenges for this population, particularly in accessing healthcare. Inclusive service approaches involving individuals with visual disabilities, caregivers, family members, and healthcare providers, as well as community support, can help mitigate these impacts. Governments and private sectors should prior","qid":15,"docid":"gndc1pst","rank":91,"score":6.097898960113525},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of approaching coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research with caution due to historical examples of significant investments and accomplishments during emergencies, but also potential false promises and ethical concerns. The authors emphasize the need for careful consideration as we continue to understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.","qid":15,"docid":"l7qdepsp","rank":92,"score":6.093999862670898},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges societies face in coping with the uncertainty brought about by the new coronavirus. It highlights the importance of clear communication from authorities, the need for flexibility and adaptability, and the role of community support in helping individuals and societies navigate through the crisis. The passage also emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between taking necessary precautions and avoiding excessive fear and panic. Overall, it suggests that a proactive and collaborative approach is essential in managing the societal impact","qid":15,"docid":"aodv8w1i","rank":93,"score":6.084199905395508},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges societies face in coping with the uncertainty brought about by the new coronavirus. It emphasizes the importance of clear communication from authorities, maintaining social connections, and adapting to new norms such as remote work and online learning. The passage also suggests that finding ways to manage stress and anxiety, and focusing on what can be controlled, can help individuals and communities better navigate this uncertain time.","qid":15,"docid":"ppxt4xg8","rank":94,"score":6.084198951721191},{"content":"The essay discusses the therapeutic impact of art during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting how viewing, creating, and sharing music, street art, paintings, graphic art, cinema, and digital videos can promote empowerment, solidarity, and collective action through extreme social distancing. The essay also explores how art-making can enhance physical, mental, and social health during this crisis, supported by theoretical literature from art therapy and real-life examples of inspiring coronavirus art","qid":15,"docid":"g9ckz1tb","rank":95,"score":6.067599773406982},{"content":"A study using a coarse-grained model found that the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to human receptor ACE2 is stronger due to residues outside the receptor binding domain in the spike protein trimer. This evolution may facilitate conformational changes for infection. The absence of cross-reactivity in SARS-CoV antibodies may be explained by the missing remote energetic contribution.","qid":15,"docid":"chl7ykkc","rank":96,"score":6.0609002113342285},{"content":"The study investigated the effect of body tilt on multifrequency admittance tympanometry to determine if the increased conductance width in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease (MD) patients is due to hyperpressure. Twenty volunteers with no otologic or neurologic disease underwent multifrequency tympanometry in vertical, supine, and Trendelenburg positions. Results showed an increase in conductance width and resonance frequency with changes in inner ear fluid pressure caused by body","qid":15,"docid":"zpmdrh4q","rank":97,"score":6.049499988555908},{"content":"Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, athletes are facing isolation with the absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication with coaches, and inadequate living conditions. To make the most of this situation, athletes should shift their mindset and focus on development. Recommendations include equipping their living space with cardio and resistance training equipment, organizing sports skills training based on individual needs, personalized conditioning, education on nutrition and hygiene, controlling body composition,","qid":15,"docid":"qwdjb7vk","rank":98,"score":6.038000106811523},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant psychological distress in children and adolescents with mental illness due to fear of the virus and societal changes. A large psychiatric treatment setting in Denmark provides data on pandemic-related psychopathology in this population. To minimize harm, advice is given on coping strategies and six research areas are proposed, with a focus on children and adolescents. Politicians, health authorities, and funding bodies are urged to support these initiatives.","qid":15,"docid":"21bghq0n","rank":99,"score":6.034900188446045},{"content":"The coronavirus (COVID-19) is a global concern with increasing numbers of infected people and deaths. However, many news reports instigate alarm and create confusion instead of providing logical facts and prevention measures. The Wuhan infection is a significant health threat in 2020, but it's not the first or worst health emergency humankind faced. Previous health crises such as Ebola, Avian flu, and SARS, which were also coronav","qid":15,"docid":"4a8a118f","rank":100,"score":6.0320000648498535}]}
{"query":"how long does coronavirus remain stable  on surfaces?","hits":[{"content":"Dental practices should implement frequent cleaning policies to reduce the risk of coronavirus transmission. Public places like supermarkets and workplaces have contaminated surfaces, increasing the possibility of bringing germs into dental practices and homes.","qid":16,"docid":"7ftq02ev","rank":1,"score":8.854900360107422},{"content":"The nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) downregulates host gene expression through a mechanism called host shutoff. Nsp1 is a flexible protein that interacts with cellular factors to inhibit translation and promote mRNA decay. Mutations of surface residues of nsp1 affect its host shutoff function, suggesting they bind cellular proteins. A","qid":16,"docid":"ozc3dh7c","rank":2,"score":8.399800300598145},{"content":"A university classroom with daily cleaning contained viable human coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) on frequently touched surfaces. The virus remained viable on these surfaces for up to 7 days under simulated classroom conditions, indicating CoV-229E's environmental stability and supporting the possibility of contact transmission.","qid":16,"docid":"khpc9f98","rank":3,"score":8.037199974060059},{"content":"A study was conducted to determine the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on skin, paper currency, and clothing. Samples were exposed to the virus under laboratory conditions and incubated at three temperatures. SARS-CoV-2 remained stable on skin for up to 14 days at 4\u00b0C, at least 96 hours at 22\u00b0C, and for at least 8 hours at 37\u00b0C. The virus remained stable","qid":16,"docid":"ywusapij","rank":4,"score":7.853000164031982},{"content":"Researchers present a method for in vivo analysis of neuronal activity in Drosophila melanogaster's mushroom body, enabling the study of population-scale sensory coding and memory plasticity. They use spinning-disk confocal imaging and a fully automated image analysis procedure to measure the activity of hundreds of somata, even in densely packed areas. This approach outperforms existing methods and allows for high-throughput analysis of approximately 500 single som","qid":16,"docid":"nkbze64q","rank":5,"score":7.768099784851074},{"content":"Researchers present a method for in vivo analysis of neuronal activity in Drosophila melanogaster's mushroom body, enabling the study of population-scale sensory coding and memory plasticity. They use spinning-disk confocal imaging and a fully automated image analysis procedure to measure the activity of hundreds of somata, even in densely packed areas. The approach outperforms existing methods and allows for high-throughput analysis of approximately 500 single som","qid":16,"docid":"tfuj8n9w","rank":6,"score":7.768098831176758},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 survives on surfaces for days due to the formation of residues from evaporated droplets. These residues, which are highly durable and persist for more than 24 hours, vary in formation across surface types such as stainless steel, plastic, and glass. Copper surfaces do not form any resolvable residues. Humidity levels affect the formation of residues, with lower humidity suppressing and higher humidity enhancing","qid":16,"docid":"pdmfxssd","rank":7,"score":7.760799884796143},{"content":"Equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) can persist in water for up to three weeks, making it a potential vector for transmission to non-equid species. Factors such as pH, salinity, temperature, and turbidity affect the stability and infectivity of EHV-1 in water. In a 21-day study, EHV-1 remained stable and infectious in various water environments, as confirmed by q","qid":16,"docid":"xwxgvdvp","rank":8,"score":7.509799957275391},{"content":"A study using data from the national hospitalization database in France found that the number of hospital admissions for myocardial infarction (MI) decreased by 31% during the lockdown period compared to the same time frame in 2018-2019. This decrease occurred after the start of the lockdown and was not observed for births, which remained stable across years and during the lockdown. The study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic","qid":16,"docid":"imusyaot","rank":9,"score":7.370299816131592},{"content":"A study using data from the national hospitalization database in France found that the number of hospital admissions for myocardial infarction (MI) decreased by 31% during the lockdown period compared to the same time frame in 2018-2019. This decrease occurred after the start of the lockdown on March 17, 2020. The number of births remained stable across years and before and after the start of the","qid":16,"docid":"o15odm3z","rank":10,"score":7.370298862457275},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) patients by examining previous coronavirus outbreaks and influenza pandemics. Using a data mining approach, the study aimed to answer questions regarding the severity of coinfection (TB and SARS-CoV-2), the effect of TB vaccines on COVID-19, and diagnostic reliability. The findings suggest that infection control is crucial for TB","qid":16,"docid":"gh58t6eh","rank":11,"score":7.355599880218506},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission through the eyes, referred to as the \"ocular route.\" The authors explain that while the risk is currently considered low, the ocular surface system's dynamics, such as tear film turnover, and the presence of ACE2 receptors and TMPRSS2 protein on the conjunctiva are crucial factors to understand this route. They suggest that COVID-1","qid":16,"docid":"g2a4f2ko","rank":12,"score":7.331699848175049},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop an orally delivered and heat-stable influenza vaccine using the highly conserved M2e protein of the influenza virus. The researchers used CotB from B. subtilis as a fusion partner and heat-stable nonpathogenic B. subtilis spores as the carrier. The results showed that the CotB-M2e3 fusion had no effect on spore structure or function, and M2e protein was successfully displayed on the surface","qid":16,"docid":"fkrc17kj","rank":13,"score":7.323800086975098},{"content":"A new stealth PEG polymer, PEG(5)-BP, with a terminal 1,1-bisphosphonate (BP) group was developed for efficient binding to the surface of ultrasmall-superparamagnetic oxide nanomaterials (USPIOs). PEG(5)-BP-USPIOs were prepared by exchanging hydrophobic surfactants with PEG(5)-BP at room temperature in 1 hour. The","qid":16,"docid":"g06lthp7","rank":14,"score":7.321300029754639},{"content":"An epidemic outbreak on complex networks can be influenced by traffic dynamics, which can affect the speed of the spreading process. Numerically, it has been observed that the density of infected nodes increases exponentially at first, defining a characteristic time for the outbreak. A formula has been derived for scale-free networks to relate this time to traffic dynamics and network structure parameters, such as packet-generation rate and betweenness distribution. The formula's validity has been tested numerically. The study","qid":16,"docid":"wuy3cwhu","rank":15,"score":7.186200141906738},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 remains viable on smooth environmental surfaces for up to 7 days at room temperature. In human excreta, the virus survives for several hours in feces and up to 3-4 days in urine.","qid":16,"docid":"ej93duxi","rank":16,"score":7.173099994659424},{"content":"The passage discusses how pleiotropic mutations in viruses, which have opposing effects on viral replication within hosts, impact viral immune escape in vaccinated host populations. The antibody-binding region on the surface of the target protein, which overlaps with the receptor-binding domain (RBD), is the primary focus. Mutations in this region enable viral escape from passive immunity but can also reduce the virus's ability to bind cell receptors.","qid":16,"docid":"ywhu66o7","rank":17,"score":7.163700103759766},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of bioaerosol dispersion and deposition in a BSL-3 laboratory using Serratia marcescens and phage \u03a6X174 as test subjects. A combination of laboratory experiment and numerical simulation was used to explore bioaerosol removal. The results showed that bioaerosol concentration remained stable for up to 400 seconds after release and that approximately 70% of all","qid":16,"docid":"f94skuai","rank":18,"score":7.008399963378906},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of bioaerosol dispersion and deposition in a BSL-3 laboratory using Serratia marcescens and phage X174 as test subjects. The research combined laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to explore bioaerosol removal. The results showed that bioaerosol concentration remained stable for up to 400 seconds after release and that approximately 70% of particles deposited on walls","qid":16,"docid":"jcq2394b","rank":19,"score":7.00839900970459},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the release of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) and mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) from the same epithelial cells. The researchers constructed a porcine LLC-PK1 cell line stably expressing the MHV receptor cDNA (LMR cells) and found that both viruses entered the cells through the apical surface. However, the cells remained susceptible to T","qid":16,"docid":"4ziz0llu","rank":20,"score":6.980999946594238},{"content":"Optogenetics, a revolutionary technique for studying the brain, has led to significant advancements in neuroscience. Its potential applications extend beyond neuroscience, particularly in infection biology, where it can provide new insights into host-pathogen interactions. By combining optogenetics with routine methods, researchers can explore intracellular pathogens (parasites, bacteria, viruses) in a way not previously possible. This integration can help answer long-standing questions and broaden the scope of","qid":16,"docid":"fqdv3ohv","rank":21,"score":6.962699890136719},{"content":"This study assessed the effects of air temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) on the survival of coronaviruses, specifically severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), on stainless steel surfaces. Due to challenges in working with SARS-CoV, surrogate viruses transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)","qid":16,"docid":"tjplc5j6","rank":22,"score":6.962500095367432},{"content":"The passage discusses the binding mechanism of the novel coronavirus (nCOV-2019) to the host cell receptor protein, angiotensin converter enzyme (ACE2), through its spike protein's receptor binding domain (RBD). The study uses molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of naturally-occurring mutations in the RBD on the stability of the RBD\/ACE2 complex and their potential implications for human-to-","qid":16,"docid":"9wfb43gt","rank":23,"score":6.955399990081787},{"content":"A study simulated the transmission of influenza A in a graduate student office using data from over 3500 person-to-person contacts and 127,000 surface touches. Long-range airborne, fomite, and close contact routes accounted for 54.3%, 4.2%, and 44.5% of infections, respectively. For the fomite route, most viruses (59.8%) were","qid":16,"docid":"6yu02snn","rank":24,"score":6.930300235748291},{"content":"Turkey enteric coronavirus (TCV) was isolated and propagated in HRT-18 cells, a human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Trypsin in the medium and incubation at 41\u00b0C were required for cytopathic effects, including polykaryocytosis. Viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence, and extracellular virus was confirmed by ELISA and negative electron","qid":16,"docid":"1fjrzpnr","rank":25,"score":6.928500175476074},{"content":"A study developed comb-type acrylic copolymers with stabilizing species to create stable formulations with cationic biocides, resulting in temporary coatings with sustained surface disinfecting effects that remained effective after multiple washes. The polymer architecture was controlled to achieve hydrophobicity and controlled biocide release.","qid":16,"docid":"nsn7m590","rank":26,"score":6.92710018157959},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of a stable signal peptide (SSP) in the rodent arenavirus glycoprotein complex. The SSP, GP1, and GP2 subunits form a noncovalent complex on the surface of virions and initiate arenavirus infectivity. During production, the glycoprotein undergoes two proteolytic cleavages: the first within the endoplasmic reticulum to separate SSP from","qid":16,"docid":"wbh06gzb","rank":27,"score":6.9166998863220215},{"content":"This study aimed to determine the quantitative temporal-spatial distribution of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in the post-mortem tissue samples of seven SARS patients. The researchers standardized the amount of tissue tested by quantitating a house-keeping gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). They analyzed the SARS-CoV viral","qid":16,"docid":"md0avnqg","rank":28,"score":6.888599872589111},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the impact of haemophilia on trunk muscle characteristics while standing on surfaces with different mechanical properties. Twenty severe haemophilia A patients and 25 non-haemophilic controls were assessed through surface EMG of internal oblique and multifidus muscles. No significant differences were found in trunk muscle activity between groups. However, group-independent analyses revealed altered amplitude ratios and symmetry indices in non-haemophilic controls","qid":16,"docid":"8cplu9mi","rank":29,"score":6.8703999519348145},{"content":"A new ventilation strategy called time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) has been developed to reduce ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. TCAV adjusts the delivered breath based on the mechanical characteristics of the lung to maintain stable lung inflation and prevent alveolar collapse. Studies suggest that TCAV, which utilizes the airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) mode","qid":16,"docid":"wb150n8w","rank":30,"score":6.817200183868408},{"content":"This meta-analysis reviewed studies on the dynamics and influencing factors of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing various anti-viral treatments. The results showed that HBsAg levels decreased during treatment but relapsed after cessation, while maximum HBsAg loss percentage continued to increase or remain stable. No strong relationship was found between maximum HBsAg change and its baseline level","qid":16,"docid":"0mnxx019","rank":31,"score":6.808800220489502},{"content":"This meta-analysis reviewed studies on the dynamics and influencing factors of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing various anti-viral treatments. The results showed that HBsAg levels decreased during treatment but relapsed after cessation, while maximum HBsAg loss or seroconversion percentage continued to increase or remain stable. No strong relationship was found between maximum HBsAg change","qid":16,"docid":"77pbhylo","rank":32,"score":6.8087992668151855},{"content":"The passage describes a study on the two-step process of how the cricket paralysis virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) binds to the 40S ribosomal subunit. The initial fast binding step is facilitated by the ribosomal protein S25 (eS25), while the slow conformational change that stabilizes the complex requires eS25. Mutations in eS25 affect either the initial binding or the conform","qid":16,"docid":"42c532h7","rank":33,"score":6.769000053405762},{"content":"The passage describes a study on the mechanism of how the cricket paralysis virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) recruits the 40S ribosomal subunit to initiate translation. The study found that the formation of the 40S-IRES complex occurs in two steps: a fast initial binding step, followed by a slow conformational change that stabilizes the complex. The ribosomal protein S25 (eS25) was","qid":16,"docid":"zdjpnzvs","rank":34,"score":6.768999099731445},{"content":"This study highlights the role of the multifunctional viral protein HCPro in the accurate assembly of viral particles in Plum pox virus (PPV). While CP and HCPro are essential, other viral factors are necessary for stable PPV virion formation. A truncated polyprotein from a subviral RNA, LONG, when combined with HCPro, can assemble into stable virus-like particles. Specific regions of P3 are required for","qid":16,"docid":"zca9qww1","rank":35,"score":6.763500213623047},{"content":"A study identified a new set of tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) from pre-tRNA 3' trailers in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh7. The most abundant tRF, tRF_U3_1, was a 19-nucleotide-long fragment derived from chr10.tRNA2-Ser(TGA). This tRF was primarily present in","qid":16,"docid":"mgribv9s","rank":36,"score":6.75570011138916},{"content":"The study aimed to understand the stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and various environments, as well as its resistance to heating and UV irradiation. The virus remained infectious in serum, diluted sputum, and feces for up to 96 hours, in urine for 72 hours, and on different surfaces and in water for 72 to 96 hours. The virus stayed stable at temperatures up to 37 degrees","qid":16,"docid":"gp3ib74q","rank":37,"score":6.747499942779541},{"content":"The Caribbean Basin is expected to experience significant impacts from the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic due to potential overwhelm of healthcare systems and economies. Preliminary evidence suggests temperature and climatological factors could influence the spread of the virus, allowing for spatiotemporal predictions. This review examines historical respiratory virus distribution in the Caribbean Basin to help plan interventions for managing outbreaks at international, national, and subnational levels.","qid":16,"docid":"w5kjmw88","rank":38,"score":6.696400165557861},{"content":"A long phylogenetic history and diverse characteristics of bats have led to the detection of over 200 viruses in them. To understand the ecology and virology of zoonoses transmitted by bats, long-term studies with a multidisciplinary approach are necessary to gather eco-epidemiological data such as colony size, species behavior, contact between bats, and environmental factors. The loss of bat species due to ecosystem changes and","qid":16,"docid":"amzc5yrd","rank":39,"score":6.664400100708008},{"content":"A study suggests that the HR1 region of the human coronavirus spike protein, specifically the HR2 domain of HCoV-OC43, can be targeted to develop a broad-spectrum inhibitor against various human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including short \u03b1-HCoV and long \u03b2-HCoV. The peptide OC43-HR2P, derived from the HR2 domain, exhibits fusion inhibitory activity against","qid":16,"docid":"3c5ab73l","rank":40,"score":6.657400131225586},{"content":"A coronavirus isolated from a calf with diarrhea and passed through a fetal bovine kidney cell line was characterized. The virus had circular virions with a mean diameter of 120 nm and petal-shaped projections, but lacked surface projections in ultrathin sections. Viral antigen was located in the cytoplasm, and the virus was not inhibited by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyur","qid":16,"docid":"t42ube59","rank":41,"score":6.6442999839782715},{"content":"The Caribbean Basin is experiencing the 2020 coronavirus pandemic at a slower rate than other parts of the world. However, it's expected that COVID-19 outbreaks in this region could overwhelm healthcare systems and economies due to their lower income status. Preliminary research suggests that temperature and climatological factors could influence the spread of the virus, allowing for spatiotemporal predictions. This review analyzes the geographic and time-based distribution of respir","qid":16,"docid":"gan10za0","rank":42,"score":6.625899791717529},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and complications of percutaneous thermal ablation for subcapsular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and how these may be influenced by the degree of tumor-liver surface contact and tumor protrusion. Between 2006 and 2013, 290 patients with 474 subcapsular HCCs underwent thermal ab","qid":16,"docid":"qztkpinh","rank":43,"score":6.617199897766113},{"content":"COVID19, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, can potentially infect the brain due to the strong expression of the ACE2 protein, which the virus uses to enter cells, throughout the nervous system. Smokers may be at a higher risk for COVID19 neuroinfection due to the interaction between nicotine and the nicotinic receptor with ACE2. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV, the virus responsible for the S","qid":16,"docid":"rdm2ks69","rank":44,"score":6.611199855804443},{"content":"The E1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus A59 was synthesized in vitro and its membrane disposition was investigated. The protein spans the endoplasmic reticulum membrane but only small portions from the NH2 and COOH terminus are exposed in the lumenal and cytoplasmic domains, respectively. The protein lacks a cleavable leader sequence and does not acquire O-linked olig","qid":16,"docid":"y53sp8wc","rank":45,"score":6.605100154876709},{"content":"The study investigated the partitioning of MS2 and Phi6 viruses in synthetic and real sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, examining the liquid, solids, and material surfaces of porcelain, concrete, PVC, and polypropylene. At least 94% of the virions were found in the liquid fraction, with no more than 0.8% in solids and 6% on surfaces. Concrete and polypropylene surfaces had","qid":16,"docid":"onen3aw3","rank":46,"score":6.582099914550781},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of creating selective sensor coatings for mass-sensitive biodetection of various bioanalytes, such as enzymes, viruses, microorganisms, and blood groups. Molecular imprinting is highlighted as an effective technique for generating selective surfaces through nanoscale surface structuring. These surfaces, which have tailor-made synthetic antibody cavities, remain stable upon analyte interaction and do not cause any phase change, allowing for","qid":16,"docid":"mmmm3pmv","rank":47,"score":6.564599990844727},{"content":"The passage discusses the evolution of health policy from focusing solely on medical care to addressing the social determinants of health, which largely fall outside individual control. These factors include genetics, lifestyle choices, and socio-economic environment. The shift in focus necessitates increased government influence in modifying or prohibiting behaviors that lead to ill-health. However, there is a debate on the extent of government responsibility for individual health and the balance between public health and individual liberty.","qid":16,"docid":"pir3xmbw","rank":48,"score":6.480100154876709},{"content":"In the field of Otorhinolaryngology, COVID-19 poses risks of transmission through respiratory tract examinations and procedures on airway-connected cavities. An estimated R0 of 3 justifies postponing non-urgent consultations and increasing teleconsultations to limit infection risks. Non-urgent medical or surgical activities should be canceled to increase critical care capacity, prioritize COVID-19 patients, allocate staff and equipment, and","qid":16,"docid":"gzqtpw6b","rank":49,"score":6.457499980926514},{"content":"The passage discusses the risks of COVID-19 transmission in Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery due to clinical examinations and invasive procedures on the respiratory tract and connected cavities. The estimated R0 of COVID-19 justifies postponing non-urgent consultations and expanding teleconsultation to limit infection risks. The health authority recommends canceling non-urgent medical or surgical activities to increase critical care capacity,","qid":16,"docid":"kec74uka","rank":50,"score":6.457499027252197},{"content":"The study uses force tracing technique and simulations to investigate the process of human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) invagination into cell membranes during host cell entry. The experiment reveals the force required (58 \u00b1 16 pN) and duration time (278 \u00b1 68 ms) for HEV71 invagination. The simulation shows that the virus quickly reaches a partially wrapped state, followed by the upper surface being covered by the membrane","qid":16,"docid":"cxnoemdo","rank":51,"score":6.438600063323975},{"content":"This study compared minute ventilation (MV) during spontaneous breathing (SB), high-intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (HI-NPPV), and intelligent volume assured pressure support (iVAPS) in stable hypercapnic COPD patients. The results showed that MV was higher during HI-NPPV (12.1 L\/min) and iVAPS (11.7 L\/min) compared to SB (9","qid":16,"docid":"y7je28je","rank":52,"score":6.389800071716309},{"content":"The 2019-nCoV pandemic is spreading rapidly and it's crucial for the rehabilitation community to understand the virus and implement infection control measures due to its high infectiousness and fatalities, and the lack of a vaccine or treatment. The population has no prior immunity to this novel virus.","qid":16,"docid":"5gj4lhdj","rank":53,"score":6.387899875640869},{"content":"In a four-day study, subjects walked on a treadmill with perturbation each day to investigate locomotor performance adaptation. Initial movement error decreased significantly between days 1 and 2, and remained stable. Associated changes in medial hamstring EMG activity stabilized on day 3. Aftereffects were present after perturbation removal, indicating central command recalibration of the baseline program. Aftereffects gradually decreased but were still visible on day 4. The","qid":16,"docid":"ao309193","rank":54,"score":6.386099815368652},{"content":"A study investigated the impact of back extensor fatigue on jumping performance and EMG activity on stable and unstable surfaces in 14 experienced male jumpers. The results showed that CMJ height was significantly decreased after back extensor fatigue (p = 0.007). EMG activity in biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles was reduced during CMJs (p = 0.008 and p = 0.04,","qid":16,"docid":"chhwtlwy","rank":55,"score":6.383500099182129},{"content":"The passage describes a study on the long-term outcomes of using a simplified frozen elephant trunk technique (sFETT) in the treatment of complicated acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD). Between 2001 and 2012, 34 patients underwent emergency surgery with sFETT, which involved gluing the dissected aortic arch wall layers and deploying a stent-graft. The aortic","qid":16,"docid":"kgo6e4ei","rank":56,"score":6.368100166320801},{"content":"The study aimed to test the stability of three logistic regression models for predicting intracranial aneurysm rupture status using morphological and hemodynamic analysis. The researchers added 85 new aneurysms to their previous dataset of 119, creating a new dataset of 204 aneurysms. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed identical significant parameters and almost identical predictive models with narrower confidence intervals.","qid":16,"docid":"907b8o0m","rank":57,"score":6.366199970245361},{"content":"A study was conducted on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) which caused significant morbidity and mortality in 2002-2003. Deletion of the envelope (E) protein in the virus reduced its growth in tissue culture but eliminated its virulence in animals. Immunization with rSARS-CoV-\u0394E or SARS-CoV-\u0394[E,6-","qid":16,"docid":"8b4n6tm8","rank":58,"score":6.338799953460693},{"content":"The passage discusses the development of new cell envelope compositions to improve the stability and usage of antibody fragments and membrane proteins in biosensor applications. These compositions maintain the native or native-like lipid environment of proteins to enhance their stability. A new class of immunoaffinity reagents has been created that attaches antibody fragments to yeast cell walls, allowing for easy production, specificity, and stability. These cell wall-based antibody fragments are","qid":16,"docid":"45gdwh24","rank":59,"score":6.310699939727783},{"content":"The transferrin receptor (TfR) internalized with multivalent-transferrin (Tf10), formed by chemical cross-linking of transferrin, is retained in a long-lived endocytic recycling compartment for longer periods without being degraded. This retention does not depend on the cytoplasmic domain of the TfR and does not affect the trafficking of subsequently endocytosed Tf. Tf10 remains accessible","qid":16,"docid":"9tdbygve","rank":60,"score":6.29640007019043},{"content":"The HIV-1 envelope's complexity, including diversity, glycosylation, and conformational flexibility, makes it difficult for antibodies to neutralize the virus. However, the Env must retain conserved determinants for CD4 binding. Researchers studied gp120 in the CD4-bound state, discovering that the broadly neutralizing antibody b12 binds to a conformationally invariant surface that overlaps a subset of the CD4-binding","qid":16,"docid":"t1dpo0pl","rank":61,"score":6.258800029754639},{"content":"The 3C protein of feline coronavirus (FCoV) is located primarily in the perinuclear region of infected cells. Its transient expression led to a decrease in FCoV replication (p < 0.05). This effect was not due to the induction or inhibition of the autophagy pathway. The findings suggest that the 3C protein may have a virulence-suppressing effect in FCoV-infected","qid":16,"docid":"qn1awvxk","rank":62,"score":6.250400066375732},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of achieving circular economy (CE) with plastic packaging materials, focusing on the importance of maintaining their functionality, or quality, for effective recycling. The article explains that the perception and utilization of quality vary throughout the supply chain, and outlines obstacles and opportunities for enhancing plastic packaging circularity through technological innovations and policy reforms.","qid":16,"docid":"pmk6g515","rank":63,"score":6.250199794769287},{"content":"A new technique for culturing rat parotid acinar cells without using basement membrane substrates is presented. The method involves gland excision, metal ion chelation, enzymatic digestion, and filtration to obtain a homogeneous cell suspension. The cells were healthy, growing, and synthesizing proteins for up to 10 days. Protein synthesis increased while DNA synthesis decreased. Amylase secretion dropped between 2 and 4 days","qid":16,"docid":"quklubnt","rank":64,"score":6.246399879455566},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of contaminated objects or surfaces, known as fomites, in the spread of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. The long survival time of viruses on surfaces necessitates effective disinfection strategies to prevent virus transmission and the spread of disease. The article summarizes current knowledge on the physicochemical processes of virus transmission via fomites and common disinfection methods. It also highlights gaps in knowledge and areas for","qid":16,"docid":"xbw72k4m","rank":65,"score":6.238900184631348},{"content":"A study investigated the effect of a histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibitor, RGFP966, on cocaine self-administration extinction and reinstatement in rats. Rats given RGFP966 before the first extinction session showed less responding during subsequent extinction and reinstatement tests without affecting performance or motivation. A single dose after the first extinction session had no immediate effect but weakened long","qid":16,"docid":"lwjuhfmp","rank":66,"score":6.226900100708008},{"content":"A new variational LSTM-Autoencoder model is presented for predicting the global spread of coronavirus, taking into account both historical data and factors related to urban characteristics and governmental measures. The model learns to adjust spatial dependencies among countries and can generate short-term (one step) and long-term (10 steps) forecasts, demonstrating high accuracy for assisting decision-making and policymaking on a global scale.","qid":16,"docid":"lrn0wpvj","rank":67,"score":6.220900058746338},{"content":"Nine morbidly obese patients with prior liver transplants underwent sleeve gastrectomy in a pilot program. The procedure was chosen over other bariatric surgeries due to maintaining endoscopic access to the biliary system and reducing surgical complexity. The mean operative time was 165 minutes and mean postoperative length of stay was 5 days. In the first 30 days, there were three complications: mesh deh","qid":16,"docid":"sb64g3ia","rank":68,"score":6.212699890136719},{"content":"The study investigates the role of CD4(+) T cells in inducing and maintaining memory CD8(+) T cells by immunizing mice with liposome-coupled CTL epitope peptides. The results show that both primary and secondary CTL responses were successfully induced, and memory CD8(+) T cells were generated in the absence of CD4(+) T cells. This finding suggests that liposomal antigens could be","qid":16,"docid":"twf6g5t3","rank":69,"score":6.1915998458862305},{"content":"The Coronavirus envelope (E) protein localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and Golgi with its amino terminus in the lumen and carboxy terminus in the cytoplasm. It does not traffic to the cell surface. Using a tetracysteine tag and techniques like fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and correlative light electron microscopy (","qid":16,"docid":"rl483cg9","rank":70,"score":6.1905999183654785},{"content":"A new method for creating a stable and active surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor surface of recombinant human hexahistidine cyclophilin A (His-CypA) is presented. This surface enabled the screening and ranking of small-molecule ligands (Mw \u223c250\u2013500Da) in competition with cyclosporin A (CsA), as well as the accurate determination of their kinetic","qid":16,"docid":"n76inyi8","rank":71,"score":6.179999828338623},{"content":"Viruses use motif-mimicry to interfere with host regulatory networks, but effective interactions require a flexible environment with structural and dynamic differences between viral and host proteins. Analysis of eukaryotic linear motifs (ELMs) revealed that eukaryotic motifs lack structure but are stable, while viral motifs are often more ordered but have increased local flexibility. Most viral ELMs lack stable binding elements and are \"fuzzy\" after binding,","qid":16,"docid":"q01ttuo6","rank":72,"score":6.173299789428711},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has been linked to neurological symptoms and potential entry into the human nervous system. The virus interacts with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein, which is strongly expressed in the brain. Nicotine exposure through various types of smoking may increase the risk for COVID-19 neuroinfection due to functional interactions between the nicotinic receptor","qid":16,"docid":"tk8c7rh7","rank":73,"score":6.170400142669678},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges in determining the extent of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, infection in the population due to limited testing capabilities and the fact that many infected individuals may not show symptoms. The solution proposed is to conduct nationwide blood studies, known as serosurveys, to detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the virus, which remain long after the infection has been cleared. The World Health Organization has initiated a global effort","qid":16,"docid":"na0bq2e0","rank":74,"score":6.1697998046875},{"content":"The passage discusses the co-evolution of viruses and their hosts, with hosts developing intricate immune systems to defend against viruses. Viruses have countered these defenses with various strategies, including modulating receptor signaling. The author proposes specific mechanisms used by viruses like HIV, CMV, SARS-CoV, and human herpesvirus 6 to manipulate receptor signaling, using HIV and CMV as examples. This insight into vir","qid":16,"docid":"f4d6ixmj","rank":75,"score":6.162899971008301},{"content":"The nCOVID-19 pandemic raises questions about neurological symptoms in approximately 25% of patients, with secondary brain injury from systemic manifestations accounting for most non-specific symptoms. However, the possibility of direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion through the olfactory mucosa remains unanswered. Previous studies suggest neurotropism of the Corona virus family and reports of deteriorating consciousness and cerebrovascular accidents. Several case reports and","qid":16,"docid":"k2vcntfp","rank":76,"score":6.144000053405762},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of native mass spectrometry (MS) and gas-phase ion manipulation techniques to understand the mechanism of action of heparin in disrupting the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein) and its host cell receptor, ACE2. The S-protein and ACE2 are extensively glycosylated, making them challenging targets for native MS. However, by using limited charge","qid":16,"docid":"wgfhjfiz","rank":77,"score":6.1143999099731445},{"content":"The passage discusses the economic impact of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) on the poultry industry and the need for new, genetically stable and flexible vaccines. Reverse genetic systems, which allow manipulation of the IBV genome, are crucial for this development. Researchers have identified non-essential genes, such as those encoded by genes 3 and 5, that can be targeted for rational attenuation. They have also demonstrated","qid":16,"docid":"urxr3xgp","rank":78,"score":6.110000133514404},{"content":"The passage discusses a DNS study on the formation of three-dimensional flows over finite-aspect-ratio NACA 0015 wings, focusing on tip effects and wake dynamics. At the wing tip, vorticity is introduced, forming a weak tip vortex that extends in the spanwise direction as separation occurs. For low-aspect-ratio wings, the wake remains stable due to strong downwash. For higher aspect ratios, unsteady v","qid":16,"docid":"z00bbk4p","rank":79,"score":6.108399868011475},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges in developing an RSV vaccine due to enhanced respiratory disease observed in clinical trials of formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) in antigen-na\u00efve infants. The study reveals that FI-RSV predominantly presents the post-fusion (post-F) conformation of the fusion (F) glycoprotein on its surface, while infectious RSV displays both pre-F and post-F","qid":16,"docid":"c7c9ycew","rank":80,"score":6.089399814605713},{"content":"The passage describes the findings from an ultrastructural study on the infection of rat dorsal root ganglia with swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV). The study revealed that HEV budded from endoplasmic reticulum\u2013Golgi intermediate compartments in infected neuron cell bodies and were released through smooth-surfaced vesicles. The released HEV particles were taken up by adjacent satellite cells, which","qid":16,"docid":"waqyr9tq","rank":81,"score":6.064899921417236},{"content":"This passage discusses the design and control approach for telepresence mobile robots used for social interactions. The advancement of communication technologies enables stable audio-video-data transmission, but physical interactions remain challenging. A system model and controller are developed using Lagrangian method and linear quadratic regulator for various scenarios. The robot can travel uphill and has a variable height, making it beneficial in developing countries for filling skill gaps and sharing knowledge. The article contains supplementary material available to authorized","qid":16,"docid":"mw5dctbw","rank":82,"score":6.060500144958496},{"content":"A study shows that live-attenuated RNA virus vaccines, including coronaviruses, have high replication fidelity which is important for their efficacy but can lead to reversion to virulence. Coronavirus replication fidelity is much higher than other RNA viruses due to a 3\u2032-5\u2032 exonuclease activity (ExoN) that functions in RNA proofreading. Inactivating SARS-Co","qid":16,"docid":"1u0cwnoq","rank":83,"score":6.039400100708008},{"content":"The passage discusses the trend of increasing air travel and its implications on the spread of infectious diseases. The Fragile States Index was used to measure a country's resilience and capacity to respond to disease events. The study found that more fragile countries had fewer travelers, and there was an increase in travel between Warning countries. Overall, international air travel passengers increased from 0.791 billion to 1.28 billion between 2007 and","qid":16,"docid":"1p3zelv1","rank":84,"score":6.038599967956543},{"content":"Two experiments were conducted to detect Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) in the feces of calves with diarrhea. In the first experiment, the infant mouse test was used to identify ST in fecal samples from calves with naturally occurring diarrhea. ST was detected in only 7 of 41 samples, while enteropathogenic E coli (EEC) was found in 27 samples, with E","qid":16,"docid":"1calxcf9","rank":85,"score":6.036799907684326},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of in vitro diagnostics, specifically real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCR) and serological tests, in detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. rRT-PCR is the primary method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 but has limitations such as false-negatives, long turnaround times, complex protocols, and a need","qid":16,"docid":"923jpec0","rank":86,"score":6.019899845123291},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of laboratory-based diagnostic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCR) are the primary method, targeting various genes, but have limitations such as false-negatives, long turnaround times, complex protocols, and requiring skilled personnel. Serological tests, which detect antibodies, are simpler and suitable for","qid":16,"docid":"r1yf75bo","rank":87,"score":6.019898891448975},{"content":"The passage discusses the connection between atmospheric particulate matter and the spread of the novel coronavirus in Northern Italy. It mentions that polluted environments can facilitate the spread of respiratory diseases, including the novel coronavirus, which may adsorb or absorb onto atmospheric particulate matter and be carried into the human respiratory system. The passage emphasizes the need for governments and authorities to address excessive pollution levels to mitigate health risks.","qid":16,"docid":"lnwc8mfg","rank":88,"score":5.984899997711182},{"content":"A study of 86 previously confirmed COVID-19 patients found that 13% still tested positive for the virus in nasopharyngeal secretions a median of 19 days after reporting symptom resolution. Older patients and those with lower rtPCR CT values were more likely to test positive. The findings suggest that COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors should be tested less than 28 days after symptom resolution, and that patients may need","qid":16,"docid":"136d42v0","rank":89,"score":5.984499931335449},{"content":"The passage discusses the analysis of COVID-19 mortality rates worldwide using a single parameter, {lambda}, which represents the strength of primary infection. The parameter shows significant variations in mortality rates, with values less than 1 indicating a significant impact of diluted secondary effects. The data does not show a correlation with temperature, suggesting the virus spreads through contact or close proximity and remains stable in the human body temperature range. {lambda} may help unify global COVID-1","qid":16,"docid":"wdeahrff","rank":90,"score":5.976600170135498},{"content":"A new single peptide named MagicWand has been designed that self-assembles into stable and ordered alpha-helical fibers. The peptide is based on the well-known dimeric alpha-helical coiled-coil motif with isoleucine and leucine at the a and d sites for dimerization. The terminal quarters are cationic and the central half anionic to promote staggered assembly and fibrillogenesis.","qid":16,"docid":"r6vtzf3m","rank":91,"score":5.974299907684326},{"content":"This paper explores the issue of imprecise performance modeling in distributed-memory parallel codes, specifically in memory-bound, bulk-synchronous MPI and hybrid MPI+OpenMP programs. Desynchronization, which can lead to increased waiting time per process but not necessarily lower resource utilization, is highlighted as a cause of deviations from expected lockstep patterns. The paper observes that desynchronization can result in automatic overlap of communication and computation, improving overall time to solution","qid":16,"docid":"pgkgfrwx","rank":92,"score":5.972499847412109},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of inhaled nitric oxide (INO), a pulmonary vasodilator approved by the FDA for treating term and near-term neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. A systematic review was conducted to create evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing questions related to the use of INO, including its effects on oxygenation, mortality, long-term outcomes, cost-","qid":16,"docid":"ti3nytq3","rank":93,"score":5.965000152587891},{"content":"The passage discusses COVID-19, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was first identified in Wuhan, China in 2019 and led to a pandemic. As of March 1, 2020, over 87,000 people had tested positive for COVID-19, with a mortality rate of 3.6%. The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets from cough","qid":16,"docid":"ycrrsr5c","rank":94,"score":5.964099884033203},{"content":"A study was conducted on the survival of human coronavirus 229E on common non-biocidal surface materials. The virus remained infectious on materials like Teflon, PVC, ceramic tiles, glass, silicone rubber, and stainless steel for at least 5 days. However, the virus was rapidly inactivated on copper alloys and Cu\/Zn brasses within a few minutes due to the destruction of viral genomes and irrevers","qid":16,"docid":"4d4l6mzl","rank":95,"score":5.963799953460693},{"content":"A study developed an attenuated VSV (Vesicular Stomatitis Virus) vaccine expressing the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein, which was able to confer long-term protection against SARS-CoV infection in mice. The vaccine induced the production of SARS-neutralizing antibodies and allowed mice to control SARS-CoV challenges at one and four months after vaccination.","qid":16,"docid":"w9rqnz9h","rank":96,"score":5.963099956512451},{"content":"Coronaviruses, including bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), can interact with sialic acids for infection. BCoV and related viruses bind to N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid and use an acetylesterase to remove the 9-O-acetyl group, preventing the sialoglycoconj","qid":16,"docid":"2i5paxb6","rank":97,"score":5.960400104522705},{"content":"A mathematical modeling study in this paper explores the role of individual reactions and government actions in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, in South Africa. The study uses mathematical models to examine the impact of factors such as travel restrictions, social distancing, hospitalization, quarantine, and hygiene measures, along with biological factors. The findings provide insights into the short- and long-term dynamics of the disease and help evaluate the","qid":16,"docid":"v5bmsln8","rank":98,"score":5.957799911499023},{"content":"The passage discusses the cardiovascular complications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their impact on clinical outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 damages the heart through ACE-2 receptors, causing direct damage to cardiomyocytes, systemic inflammation, fibrosis, and hypoxia. Comorbidities, particularly underlying heart disease, increase","qid":16,"docid":"q82gkygd","rank":99,"score":5.957300186157227},{"content":"A study was conducted on hemagglutinin-esterases (HEs), proteins found in orthomyxoviruses, toroviruses, and coronaviruses, which have a carbohydrate-binding \"lectin\" domain and a receptor-destroying \"esterase\" domain. Most HEs target 9-O-acetylated sialic acids (9-O-Ac-Sias), but some coron","qid":16,"docid":"eu3ohrrp","rank":100,"score":5.953800201416016}]}
{"query":"are there any clinical trials available for the coronavirus","hits":[{"content":"A review article examines potential drug therapies for COVID-19, including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, sarilumab, and lenzilumab. However, the authors conclude that there is currently no high-quality evidence to support the use of any of these drugs as effective treatments for COVID-1","qid":17,"docid":"iymmf4k6","rank":1,"score":7.723899841308594},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic currently lacks proven treatments, with guidelines recommending drugs only in the context of clinical trials. The disease is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state driven by cytokines like IL-6, TNF\u03b1, and IL-1. IL-6 is a key driver of this inflammation in seriously ill patients. IL-6 inhibitors, such as tocilizumab, sarilumab, and siltuximab,","qid":17,"docid":"s5lailkp","rank":2,"score":7.560100078582764},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic currently lacks proven treatments, with guidelines recommending drugs only in the context of clinical trials. The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, triggers a hyperinflammatory state, driven by cytokines like IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and others. IL-6 is a key driver of hyperinflammation in seriously ill COVID-19 patients. IL-6 inhibitors, such as tociliz","qid":17,"docid":"z91sksce","rank":3,"score":7.560099124908447},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify FDA-approved drugs that could be repurposed as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro, using virtual screening. Twelve drugs were proposed as potential candidates, including antiviral drugs like ribavirin and symptom-relieving drugs like codeine. The most promising candidate was oxytetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which outperformed other selected comp","qid":17,"docid":"z17knvts","rank":4,"score":7.3765997886657715},{"content":"A study aimed to quantify the number of missing clinical trial results for 19 potential COVID-19 drugs on ClinicalTrials.gov and academic publications. Of 3754 completed trials, 1516 (40.4%) did not report results, with 1172 (31.2%) having tabular results on ClinicalTrials.gov and 1066 (28.4%) having results from literature searches","qid":17,"docid":"m938suxh","rank":5,"score":7.375100135803223},{"content":"The ICMR's National Task Force recommended using hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19 asymptomatic healthcare workers and contacts, but its efficacy is uncertain due to limited evidence from open label trials and cell culture studies. Hydroxychloroquine has contraindications and should be used cautiously in vulnerable populations. The WHO and FDA have not recommended any medication for Covid-19 treatment. Further evidence is needed before administering hydro","qid":17,"docid":"98zpr960","rank":6,"score":7.170199871063232},{"content":"The ICMR's National Task Force recommended using hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19 asymptomatic healthcare workers and contacts, but its efficacy is uncertain due to limited evidence from open label trials and cell culture studies. Hydroxychloroquine has contraindications and should be used cautiously in vulnerable populations. There's a rush to procure and self-medicate with hydroxychloroquine, but the WHO","qid":17,"docid":"opbozg55","rank":7,"score":7.170198917388916},{"content":"A living systematic review titled \"Interventions for treatment of COVID-19\" is being conducted to evaluate the effects of various interventions for COVID-19 using data from major medical databases and clinical trial registries. The review will include randomized clinical trials comparing any intervention (pharmacological, fluid therapy, ventilation, etc.) with any comparator for all age groups with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Primary outcomes are all-cause mortality and serious adverse","qid":17,"docid":"x1jg0083","rank":8,"score":7.070000171661377},{"content":"A living systematic review titled \"Interventions for treatment of COVID-19\" is being conducted to evaluate the effects of various interventions for COVID-19 using data from major medical databases and clinical trial registries. The review will include randomized clinical trials comparing any intervention (pharmacological, fluid therapy, ventilation, etc.) with any comparator for all age groups with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Primary outcomes are all-cause mortality and serious adverse","qid":17,"docid":"xc5jrjnl","rank":9,"score":7.0699992179870605},{"content":"A scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the available evidence and ongoing trials regarding the use of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for the treatment of COVID-19. Four guidelines, developed in China and South Korea, recommend CHMs based on expert consensus, while the remaining 21 guidelines offer no guidance. No finished RCTs or reliable evidence on the effects of specific CHM interventions for COVID-19 have been found. A total of 52 ongoing","qid":17,"docid":"3esrmf0x","rank":10,"score":7.007199764251709},{"content":"A scoping review summarizes the current state of research on Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Four out of 25 treatment guidelines recommend CHMs, developed in China and South Korea based on expert consensus. No finished RCTs or reliable evidence on CHMs' effects for COVID-19 exist. Fifty-two ongoing trials, mostly in China, are investigating CHM inter","qid":17,"docid":"rssq2v7k","rank":11,"score":7.007198810577393},{"content":"Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that has shown inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Due to the absence of effective treatments for COVID-19, remdesivir has been used compassionately in severe cases. Recent studies have shown mixed results, with some suggesting faster time to recovery but no difference in mortality, while others found no significant benefit. The authors conducted a systematic review of literature on rem","qid":17,"docid":"1eiw7bxh","rank":12,"score":6.970399856567383},{"content":"Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that has shown inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Due to the absence of effective treatments for COVID-19, remdesivir has been used compassionately in severe cases. Recent studies have shown mixed results, with some suggesting faster time to recovery but no difference in mortality, while others found no significant benefit. The authors conducted a systematic review of literature on rem","qid":17,"docid":"gqqdx2r5","rank":13,"score":6.970398902893066},{"content":"A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the use of telehealth in urology during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Forty-five studies were identified, including 12 randomized controlled trials, on various urological conditions such as prostate cancer, urinary stones, urinary incontinence, and urinary tract infections. Telemedicine has been successfully implemented for decision-making following a diagnosis of non-metastatic prostate cancer,","qid":17,"docid":"hd1j0nud","rank":14,"score":6.939599990844727},{"content":"A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the use of telehealth in urology during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Forty-five studies were identified, including 12 randomized controlled trials, on various urological conditions such as prostate cancer, hematuria management, urinary stones, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, and other conditions. Telemedicine has been successfully implemented for decision-making following a diagnosis of","qid":17,"docid":"rseu9nce","rank":15,"score":6.93959903717041},{"content":"This systemic review evaluates the use of remdesivir in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite not being FDA-approved, remdesivir has received EUA for compassionate use in severe cases. As of April 2020, only two RCTs, two uncontrolled trials, and three case reports on remdesiv","qid":17,"docid":"x89iy0m2","rank":16,"score":6.912499904632568},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to summarize clinical evidence for using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine (CQ) as antiviral agents for various viral infections. Nineteen studies were eligible, including eight on HIV, two on HCV, two on dengue, one on chikungunya, and six on COVID-19. The evidence for HIV\/HCV infections suggests that using HCQ or","qid":17,"docid":"1q9bhwpb","rank":17,"score":6.908199787139893},{"content":"A scoping review identified 11 studies on pharmacological treatments for COVID-19, including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir, remdesivir, tocilizumab, and favipiravir. Three RCTs in China found no significant earlier clinical improvement with lopinavir\/ritonavir or remdesivir for severe infections. The duration of","qid":17,"docid":"txvx5fy5","rank":18,"score":6.905099868774414},{"content":"A review was conducted to investigate the safety of nitazoxanide, a promising treatment for COVID-19 with a high ratio of maximum plasma concentration to EC(50) of SARS-CoV-2, and to calculate its minimum production cost. Nine randomized controlled trials were identified, involving 1514 participants and 95.3 person-years-of-follow-up. No significant differences in adverse events were found, but mild","qid":17,"docid":"1wr7oud8","rank":19,"score":6.889100074768066},{"content":"The passage discusses the safety and cost of the drug nitazoxanide as a potential treatment for COVID-19. Nitazoxanide has shown promising results in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 with a high ratio of maximum plasma concentration to the concentration required to inhibit 50% replication. However, its safety and cost need to be investigated before further trials. The authors conducted a review of nitazoxanide's safety by analy","qid":17,"docid":"6enxm9l5","rank":20,"score":6.88909912109375},{"content":"The passage discusses a review of the safety and minimum production costs of nitazoxanide as a potential treatment for COVID-19. Nitazoxanide has shown promising results in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 with a high ratio of maximum plasma concentration to the concentration required to inhibit 50% replication. The review aimed to investigate nitazoxanide's safety and calculate its minimum production costs. Nine randomized controlled trials were","qid":17,"docid":"cjml56d2","rank":21,"score":6.889098167419434},{"content":"A review was conducted to investigate the safety of nitazoxanide, a promising treatment for COVID-19 with a high ratio of maximum plasma concentration to EC50 of SARS-CoV-2, and to calculate its minimum production cost. Nine RCTs were identified, involving 1514 participants and 95.3 person-years-of-follow-up. No significant differences in adverse events were found, but mild GI A","qid":17,"docid":"qvcbfnbf","rank":22,"score":6.889097213745117},{"content":"A selective literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to assess ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment. Several substances, including remdesivir, chloroquine, and nitazoxanide, have shown high in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. Treatment approaches include preventing the virus from docking to the ACE2 receptor and inhibiting transmembrane protease serine 2 (","qid":17,"docid":"jd1b7asr","rank":23,"score":6.828199863433838},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to summarize clinical evidence for using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) as antiviral agents for various viral infections. Nineteen studies were eligible, including eight on HIV, two on HCV, two on dengue, one on chikungunya, and six on COVID-19. The evidence for HIV and HCV infections is outdated as effective antiv","qid":17,"docid":"e12v80n1","rank":24,"score":6.823400020599365},{"content":"A selective literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to assess ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment. Several substances, including remdesivir, chloroquine, and nitazoxanide, have shown high in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. Treatment approaches include preventing the virus from docking to the ACE2 receptor and inhibiting transmembrane protease serine 2.","qid":17,"docid":"vyeescn8","rank":25,"score":6.77209997177124},{"content":"Controlled human challenge trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines could expedite the testing and approval process, potentially making efficacious vaccines available more quickly. Despite the risks of inducing severe disease or even death, these trials could reduce the global burden of coronavirus-related mortality and morbidity. Healthy young adults with a high baseline risk of natural infection and frequent monitoring could participate, minimizing overall risk.","qid":17,"docid":"vqxrjtgb","rank":26,"score":6.764500141143799},{"content":"A debate has emerged since April 2020 regarding the use of ionizing radiation, specifically low dose radiotherapy (LDRT), to treat severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Proposed doses range from a single dose (0.1-1 Gy) or two doses (a few mGy followed by 0.1-0.25 Gy or 1-1.5 Gy in two fractions). The rationale includes potential positive observations from","qid":17,"docid":"o04up4dr","rank":27,"score":6.747399806976318},{"content":"Four clinical trials were conducted to test the protection of masks and respirators against human coronavirus infections. The trials identified a total of 28 coronavirus cases, with no transmissions occurring when P2 or surgical masks were worn in households or when used by sick patients. However, there was a higher risk of infection for healthcare workers wearing masks compared to respirators, but the difference was not statistically significant. More clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of resp","qid":17,"docid":"gey0nidn","rank":28,"score":6.652900218963623},{"content":"Four clinical trials were conducted to test the protection of masks and respirators against human coronavirus infections. The trials identified a total of 28 coronavirus cases, with no transmissions occurring when P2 or surgical masks were worn in households or when used by sick patients. However, there was a higher risk of infection for healthcare workers wearing masks compared to respirators, but the difference was not statistically significant. The data suggests that masks and respirators offer some protection against","qid":17,"docid":"vjg2auh7","rank":29,"score":6.652899265289307},{"content":"A study was conducted in Boston long-term care facilities over a 3-year period to determine the frequency and types of respiratory viruses circulating among residents. Of the 617 enrolled, 382 had sera available for analysis, resulting in the documentation of 204 viral infections in 157 subjects. The most common viruses were human metapneumovirus (12.8%) and coronavirus 229E","qid":17,"docid":"54f67o77","rank":30,"score":6.648600101470947},{"content":"A coronavirus outbreak, named COVID-19 by the WHO, led to over 125,000 reported cases and 4,600 deaths as of March 2020. In response, over 80 clinical trials were launched to test potential treatments, including drug repurposing or repositioning for COVID-19. A search of the clinicaltrials.gov database identified 24 trials involving 20+ medicines, such","qid":17,"docid":"vxqdfiel","rank":31,"score":6.545599937438965},{"content":"A systematic review of 88 surgical randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between 2005 and 2017 in 15 leading journals found incomplete reporting of treatment benefits and harms. Only 32% of trials reported confidence intervals for beneficial outcomes, and 33% for harmful effects. Few trials reported number needed to treat or harm. Only 61% of trials reported on both beneficial and harmful outcomes in the same","qid":17,"docid":"9avz4c51","rank":32,"score":6.542699813842773},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to analyze ongoing clinical trials assessing various interventions against SARS-CoV-2, focusing on interventions, clinical rationale, geographical distribution, and primary endpoints. The search yielded 3242 studies, of which 829 were included. There are 134 different drug-based interventions being tested in 463 clinical trials. China has the highest number of ongoing studies (35%), followed by","qid":17,"docid":"feb722re","rank":33,"score":6.539999961853027},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, has spread to over 200 countries and territories since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. As of April 12, 2020, there have been over 1.7 million confirmed cases and 106,000 deaths reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). The virus is","qid":17,"docid":"izltn367","rank":34,"score":6.5395002365112305},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, has spread to over 200 countries and territories since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a public health emergency in January 2020. As of April 12, 2020, there were 1,696,588","qid":17,"docid":"skkng2le","rank":35,"score":6.539499282836914},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 20 studies on chloroquine derivatives and COVID-19, involving 105,040 patients, was conducted using internet sources. Clinical studies reported favorable outcomes and detailed therapy information, while big data studies had conflicts of interest, lacked dosage and duration information, and unfavorable outcomes. Three of four randomized controlled trials and all clinical studies showed significant favorable effects on cough duration, fever duration, clinical cure","qid":17,"docid":"k96byjze","rank":36,"score":6.5229997634887695},{"content":"SARS is a new disease that posed a global health threat with over 8000 cases in 30 countries, caused by a novel coronavirus. The mean incubation period is 6.4 days, and symptoms include fever, chills, myalgia, and dry cough. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, and there is no specific antiviral therapy or controlled clinical trial for treatment. Steroids have shown to be useful for some patients.","qid":17,"docid":"45edcrv6","rank":37,"score":6.517300128936768},{"content":"This passage is about a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of rosiglitazone treatment on cardiovascular risk and mortality using multiple data sources and varying analytical approaches. The study identified 33 eligible trials with individual patient level data (IPD) and 103 trials without IPD for meta-analyses. The results showed that more myocardial infarction events were identified using IPD instead of summary level data, and fewer cardiov","qid":17,"docid":"tffg9nch","rank":38,"score":6.512899875640869},{"content":"Remdesivir, an investigational antiviral drug with broad-spectrum activity against RNA dependent RNA polymerase, is being explored as a potential therapeutic option for COVID-19. Though not yet approved for coronaviruses, it has shown promising in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Several ongoing clinical trials are","qid":17,"docid":"tasbdhs1","rank":39,"score":6.503200054168701},{"content":"This review summarizes the results of five randomized controlled trials examining the effect of antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements on the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The trials investigated vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and multivitamin supplements. All trials were at low risk of bias.\n\nThe results showed that vitamin E supplements did not prevent any AMD and may slightly increase the risk of","qid":17,"docid":"51rpry20","rank":40,"score":6.438199996948242},{"content":"The passage discusses a review of studies comparing the efficacy and side effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) in managing hypertension. The review finds that while both classes of medications have similar efficacy, ARBs have fewer adverse effects. Therefore, the authors suggest that ACE inhibitors should not be used for hypertension treatment due to their greater side","qid":17,"docid":"r426u5dz","rank":41,"score":6.405399799346924},{"content":"A new approach to drug therapy development for contagious diseases is proposed as an alternative to traditional placebo-controlled clinical trials. In this method, all patients receive different drug combinations, and the outcomes are used to train a Neural Network. The Network recognizes patient features and learns the connection between initial states and treatment outcomes, predicting the best drug therapy. The method is compared to traditional trials from a phenomenological perspective, and the results are open source for further study. The approach","qid":17,"docid":"vvm15tpc","rank":42,"score":6.400000095367432},{"content":"The passage discusses a study assessing the effectiveness of pathogen-reduced platelets in preventing bleeding compared to standard platelets. Despite reducing pathogen load, concerns have been raised about their effectiveness in post-transfusion platelet recovery and bleeding prevention. The study searched various databases and included 10 trials with a total of 1422 participants. The trials were generally at low risk of bias but heterogeneous in intervention methods, platelet transfusion protocols,","qid":17,"docid":"6xdo6op6","rank":43,"score":6.396599769592285},{"content":"The passage discusses the current treatment for acute viral bronchiolitis in previously healthy infants, focusing on supportive care and new or promising therapies. No therapy besides supportive care has been proven effective, including ribavirin, IFN, vitamin A, antibiotics, mist therapy, anticholinergics, beta(2)-agonists, corticosteroids, adrenaline, heliox, hypertonic saline, noninvas","qid":17,"docid":"0kj85fym","rank":44,"score":6.371099948883057},{"content":"A living systematic review is being conducted to summarize the characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trial registrations. Searches will be conducted weekly on the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and data will be extracted on trial design, location, intervention type, level of evidence, and adaptability to low resource settings. Descriptive and thematic synthesis will be conducted and results will be made openly available online for researchers in the rapidly evolving context of COVID-19 research","qid":17,"docid":"9lm0sz5p","rank":45,"score":6.361999988555908},{"content":"Live viral vector vaccines, which express antigens of target pathogens, are being developed for serious infectious agents like HIV and Ebola. Defining the monitoring period for potential adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is crucial due to some live recombinant vectored vaccines being replication-competent. Options for determining the AEFI monitoring period include adapting from regulatory guidelines, expert panel reviews, \"near real-time","qid":17,"docid":"bs8vqa40","rank":46,"score":6.355599880218506},{"content":"A report on the treatment of COVID-19 in a rural healthcare system in the Dakotas from March 21 to April 30, 2020, involving 150 patients. Common treatments included zinc, hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin, convalescent plasma, anticoagulation, tocilizumab, and corticosteroids. As of June 1, 127 patients had survived","qid":17,"docid":"9l0x92wi","rank":47,"score":6.349100112915039},{"content":"A prospective non-randomized trial compared postoperative body composition and nutritional status changes between laparoscopic and open distal gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer. No significant differences were found in body compositions, nutritional indicators, or body muscle mass at 6 months post-surgery between the groups. Overall, no significant differences were observed in any body composition or nutritional indicators during the first year after surgery. Therefore,","qid":17,"docid":"4474x9nt","rank":48,"score":6.332099914550781},{"content":"During the pandemic, the creation of evidence-based clinical guidelines for COVID-19 treatment has been accelerated due to the urgent need. In normal circumstances, this process takes years with scientific trials, literature reviews, and education of clinicians. However, when the SARS-nCoV-2 pandemic began, few guidelines existed. This study explains how to create and adapt guidelines during a pandemic, focusing on venous thromboembolism treatment for COVID-19 patients using","qid":17,"docid":"uok8osd5","rank":49,"score":6.3225998878479},{"content":"A study was conducted to describe the characteristics of interventional clinical trials related to COVID-19, which had been rapidly increasing since the pandemic began. The researchers searched the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform on May 15, 2020, and identified 1,308 eligible trials. Most trials were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov or the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The trials aimed to enroll a total","qid":17,"docid":"81dmnya4","rank":50,"score":6.321800231933594},{"content":"A study analyzed COVID-19 clinical trials registered up to May 15, 2020, identifying 1,308 trials, most of which were on ClinicalTrials.gov and ChiCTR. The trials aimed to enroll 734,657 participants, with the majority focusing on pharmacologic interventions. While over half of trials were recruiting, only 8 had published results.","qid":17,"docid":"iy0h2pyf","rank":51,"score":6.321799278259277},{"content":"A systematic review of studies suggests that the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (NO-cGMP-PDE5) pathway plays a role in modulating inflammation and offers cardiovascular protection in COVID-19 patients. PDE5 inhibitors could counteract Ang-II-mediated downregulation of AT-1 receptors, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, prevent","qid":17,"docid":"znrhobb2","rank":52,"score":6.3180999755859375},{"content":"This is a phase 2, randomized, controlled trial aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in hospitalized adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study will enroll 129 participants, with 86 in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma group and 43 in the control group. Eligible participants include adults with evidence","qid":17,"docid":"2j3kdvva","rank":53,"score":6.316800117492676},{"content":"This is a phase 2, randomized, controlled trial aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in hospitalized adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study will enroll 129 participants, with 86 in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma group and 43 in the control group. Eligible participants include adults with evidence","qid":17,"docid":"ldrbc4wt","rank":54,"score":6.316799163818359},{"content":"A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted using the BRAT framework to evaluate the use of remdesivir as a COVID-19 treatment compared to placebo or standard of care. The study identified several benefits and risks, including a potential shorter time to recovery and reduced mortality risk for remdesivir, but limited safety data was available. The assessment also noted fewer serious adverse events in the remdesivir group but more discontinuations due to adverse events. Pre","qid":17,"docid":"dieaqxmi","rank":55,"score":6.2957000732421875},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in Wuhan, China poses a potential respiratory viral pandemic. Current strategies focus on containment and quarantine, but no therapy exists to treat the virus upon infection. This article explores potential treatment options, emphasizing the need for speed and effectiveness. Discussed options include drug repurposing, neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy, and an oligonucleotide strategy","qid":17,"docid":"4bdusuqq","rank":56,"score":6.268700122833252},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in Wuhan, China poses a potential respiratory viral pandemic. Current focus is on containment and eventual control through a protective vaccine. No therapy exists to treat 2019-nCoV infection, urging the need for new and effective therapies. This article discusses potential options: drug repurposing, neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy, and an olig","qid":17,"docid":"x248prxo","rank":57,"score":6.2686991691589355},{"content":"This systematic review aims to assess the evidence from clinical trials on the effects of prompt closure versus gradual weaning of external ventricular drain (EVD) treatment for hydrocephalus in adult patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The search will be conducted in major international databases, and data will be extracted and analyzed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and trial sequential analysis. The results will be published widely without","qid":17,"docid":"8oswp4j4","rank":58,"score":6.263700008392334},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a search for effective treatments, with ivermectin, an approved anthelmintic, gaining attention due to its in vitro inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV2 virus. The drug's primary biological action is allosteric modulation of helminthic ion channel receptors, but it has shown in vitro activity against RNA and DNA viruses for nearly a decade. Animal studies on pseud","qid":17,"docid":"ebd7n73l","rank":59,"score":6.2530999183654785},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a search for effective treatments, with ivermectin, an approved anthelmintic, gaining attention due to its in vitro inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV2 virus. The drug's primary biological action is allosteric modulation of helminthic ion channel receptors, but it has shown in vitro activity against RNA and DNA viruses for nearly a decade. Animal studies on pseud","qid":17,"docid":"hyztte11","rank":60,"score":6.253098964691162},{"content":"The DEDALO project aims to target the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection. The background discusses the systemic complications of COVID-19, including endothelial damage and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. The objectives focus on the role of the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in modulating low-grade inflammation and offering cardiovascular protection. A systematic review of evidence suggests","qid":17,"docid":"a1wfygyy","rank":61,"score":6.234300136566162},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of equitably distributing the benefits and burdens of research involving human participants, particularly in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Key issues include supporting clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries without diverting resources, recruiting participants from disproportionately affected groups, conducting studies to improve outcomes in high-risk environments, and ensuring affordable access to resulting medical products worldwide. Neglecting equity considerations in clinical trials could w","qid":17,"docid":"mob8dbcr","rank":62,"score":6.206600189208984},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of equitably distributing the benefits and burdens of research involving human participants, particularly in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Key issues include supporting clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries, recruiting participants from disproportionately affected groups, conducting studies to improve outcomes in high-risk environments, and ensuring affordable access to resulting medical products. Neglecting equity considerations in clinical trials could widen health disparities between","qid":17,"docid":"of5dvq44","rank":63,"score":6.206599235534668},{"content":"This passage is a review of the clinical study reports and regulatory information of neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) oseltamivir and zanamivir for influenza. The review updates and merges previous reviews due to concerns of publication and reporting biases in the evidence base for these drugs. The review searched for regulatory information from trial registries, manufacturers, and regulators up to April 2011. The included studies were predominantly conducted in adults during","qid":17,"docid":"9i8t92ct","rank":64,"score":6.201099872589111},{"content":"A systematic review of clinical trials for potential vaccines and therapeutic agents against COVID-19 was conducted between January and March 2020. Out of 249 identified trials, 56 interventional studies were included, with the majority focusing on chloroquine (10 trials) and traditional Chinese medications (10 trials). Other categories included antivirals (8 trials), anti-inflammatory\/immunosuppressants (","qid":17,"docid":"p36zubnf","rank":65,"score":6.197400093078613},{"content":"A study assessed the benefits and harms of pre-operative biliary drainage versus no drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice. Six trials with 520 patients were included, and the risk of bias was high in all trials. There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups, but the overall serious morbidity was higher in the pre-operative biliary drainage group. Quality of life and length of hospital stay were not reported","qid":17,"docid":"b6hcipas","rank":66,"score":6.196199893951416},{"content":"Convalescent plasma therapy, using plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients, has shown initial effectiveness and safety in China based on clinical studies and experiences at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. As of May 5, 2020, over 2,000 samples of convalescent plasma had been collected and administered to 700 patients, with no reported adverse effects. However, there is a need for well-","qid":17,"docid":"kt70yfmt","rank":67,"score":6.193299770355225},{"content":"Convalescent plasma therapy, using plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients, has shown initial effectiveness and safety in China based on clinical studies and experiences at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. As of May 5, 2020, over 2,000 samples of COVID-19 convalescent plasma had been collected and administered to 700 patients, with statistically significant improvements in clinical outcomes and no reported ad","qid":17,"docid":"uqxvr77g","rank":68,"score":6.193298816680908},{"content":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, long-used for malaria and rheumatoid arthritis, have been used anecdotally in the current COVID-19 pandemic due to their availability and previous success in treating SARS. The drugs are widely used in India. Pre-clinical evidence and eight clinical trials are discussed, with caution for cardiac toxicity. Current data does not recommend for or against their use, and","qid":17,"docid":"b6aeu1ph","rank":69,"score":6.184800148010254},{"content":"Artificial intelligence platform IDentif.AI was used to optimize drug combinations against SARS-CoV-2, identifying remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir as the most effective combination, improving efficacy by 6.5-fold over remdesivir alone. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were found to be relatively ineffective. IDentif.AI completed identification within two weeks,","qid":17,"docid":"xw8o189s","rank":70,"score":6.175099849700928},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for treating Covid-19 despite a lack of solid evidence for their safety and efficacy. Ethical questions arise regarding the obligation to treat patients with proven indications, the necessity of randomized controlled trials, and the government's right to decide treatment for all Covid-19 patients. Physicians face a dilemma between following guidelines and their own convictions","qid":17,"docid":"rffp6qe2","rank":71,"score":6.161600112915039},{"content":"A review of one trial was conducted to assess the effects of immediate versus deferred delivery of preterm babies with suspected fetal compromise on neonatal, maternal, and long-term outcomes. The trial included 588 babies from 548 women. There was no significant difference in extended perinatal mortality, death or disability at or after two years, or individual neonatal morbidities between the two groups. However, more babies in the immediate delivery group were","qid":17,"docid":"msenf49o","rank":72,"score":6.160399913787842},{"content":"This systematic review summarizes evidence from studies on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for the treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19. The studies were selected from various databases up to May 2020. Four randomized controlled trials, 10 cohort studies, and 9 case series assessed treatment effects, but none evaluated prophylaxis. The evidence on the effect of hydroxychloroqu","qid":17,"docid":"fanupn22","rank":73,"score":6.158100128173828},{"content":"This systematic review summarizes evidence from studies on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for the treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19. The studies were selected from various databases up to May 8, 2020. Four randomized controlled trials, 10 cohort studies, and 9 case series assessed treatment effects, but none evaluated prophylaxis. The evidence on the effect of hydroxych","qid":17,"docid":"fs8r5ze0","rank":74,"score":6.158099174499512},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in Wuhan, China poses a potential respiratory viral pandemic. Current focus is on containment and eventual control through a protective vaccine. No effective treatment exists for infected patients, necessitating the exploration of potential options. This article discusses drug repurposing, neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy, and an oligonucleotide strategy. The fastest approach is proposed as a","qid":17,"docid":"2jq626ye","rank":75,"score":6.152699947357178},{"content":"The passage discusses a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the effect of balanced versus unbalanced fluid bolus therapy on metabolic acidosis in critically ill children. The background explains that isotonic crystalloid fluid bolus therapy is commonly used to maintain hemodynamic stability in critically ill children, but the ideal choice remains undetermined. Unbalanced crystalloids like 0.9% saline have been linked to hyperchlorem","qid":17,"docid":"twcxflt3","rank":76,"score":6.142300128936768},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has reached Africa, where there is a lack of proven pharmacological treatments. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, commonly used antimalarial drugs, have gained global attention for potential use against COVID-19, but their efficacy and safety are unproven. Indiscriminate use has led to shortages, self-treatment, and fatal overdoses. Africa's healthcare system limitations make safety","qid":17,"docid":"u0pkpvg0","rank":77,"score":6.127900123596191},{"content":"A randomized controlled trial is being conducted at Loghman Hakim Medical Education Center to investigate the effectiveness of Interferon Beta 1a and Interferon Beta 1b, compared to the usual therapeutic regimen in treating moderately to severely ill COVID-19 patients. Sixty patients will be enrolled between April 9-14, 2020, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: Interferon Beta ","qid":17,"docid":"upuaz2u0","rank":78,"score":6.1097002029418945},{"content":"A randomized controlled trial is being conducted at Loghman Hakim Medical Education Center to investigate the effectiveness of Interferon Beta 1a and Interferon Beta 1b compared to the usual therapeutic regimen in treating moderately to severely ill COVID-19 patients. Sixty patients will be enrolled between April 9th and 14th, 2020, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: Interferon B","qid":17,"docid":"va0d334p","rank":79,"score":6.109699249267578},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted cancer clinical trials, leading to halts or prioritizations of screening and enrollment for some trials, and the cease of research-only visits. Most clinical trial programs shifted to remote patient care and monitoring with sponsors and CROs. Challenges included enrollment and protocol adherence difficulties, staffing constraints, and limited availability of ancillary services. Interactions with sponsors and CROs about modifying trial procedures were also","qid":17,"docid":"76gn1wnr","rank":80,"score":6.1082000732421875},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted cancer clinical trials, leading to halts or prioritizations of screening and enrollment for some trials, and the cease of research-only visits. Most clinical trial programs shifted to remote patient care and monitoring with sponsors and CROs. Challenges included enrollment and protocol adherence difficulties due to decreased patient visits, staffing constraints, and limited availability of ancillary services. Interactions with sponsors and CROs about","qid":17,"docid":"fqatjip3","rank":81,"score":6.108199119567871},{"content":"The PROLIFIC study is a randomized controlled trial aimed at determining if chemoprophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine reduces the risk of COVID-19 infection in frontline healthcare workers. The trial includes three arms: daily hydroxychloroquine, weekly hydroxychloroquine, and placebo. The primary objective is to assess the impact of hydroxychloroquine on the time to contracting COVID-19.","qid":17,"docid":"2wb007gf","rank":82,"score":6.103300094604492},{"content":"A review of 353 registered clinical trials was conducted to assess antiviral drugs for COVID-19. Of the 115 trials selected, most were phase IV (23%) and randomized (80%). Commonly assessed therapies included stem cells, lopinavir\/ritonavir, chloroquine, umifenovir, hydroxychloroquine, plasma treatment, favipiravir, meth","qid":17,"docid":"t1wpujpm","rank":83,"score":6.098899841308594},{"content":"A study was conducted to provide a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 related clinical trials based on the ClinicalTrials.gov database up to March 2020. A total of 147 eligible trials were identified, with the majority being conducted in China. The most common purpose of these trials was to test treatment approaches, with agents such as chloroquine, interferon, and antivirals like remdesivir, lopinavir,","qid":17,"docid":"bl4d808v","rank":84,"score":6.097899913787842},{"content":"A study was conducted to provide a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 related clinical trials based on the ClinicalTrials.gov database up to March 2020. A total of 147 eligible trials were identified, with the majority being conducted in China. The most common purpose of these trials was to test treatment approaches, with agents such as chloroquine, interferon, and antivirals like remdesivir, lopinavir,","qid":17,"docid":"ykfm38tg","rank":85,"score":6.097898960113525},{"content":"The European Association of Urology summarizes the process of conducting systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) for underpinning clinical practice guidelines. The process involves formulating a clear research question, conducting an extensive literature search, extracting data independently by two reviewers, synthesizing evidence through statistical combination or narrative synthesis, assessing biases using tools like Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment, and evaluating the quality of evidence using the","qid":17,"docid":"pavdvckh","rank":86,"score":6.075200080871582},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing challenges for ongoing clinical trials in non-COVID-19 conditions. Four ongoing trials in various disease areas are used to illustrate these challenges and potential solutions, including adaptive designs. Adaptive designs can help in blinded adaptations, controlling type I error rates, dealing with treatment effect heterogeneity, utilizing early readouts, and using Bayesian techniques. Methods for resizing trials affected by the pandemic are also discussed, including stopping trials","qid":17,"docid":"s8p0g4r1","rank":87,"score":6.07450008392334},{"content":"A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-Cov-2 emerged in December 2019 and has become a global pandemic. Currently, COVID-19 management is mainly supportive. Several clinical trials are evaluating various drugs and investigational agents for COVID-19 treatment and prevention. At the time of writing, no peer-reviewed published evidence exists for any pharmacological agent improving COVID-19 patient outcomes. However, rem","qid":17,"docid":"6cm1vp7h","rank":88,"score":6.064199924468994},{"content":"A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-Cov-2 emerged in December 2019 and has become a global pandemic. Currently, COVID-19 management is mainly supportive. Several clinical trials are evaluating approved drugs and investigational agents for COVID-19 treatment and prevention. At the time of writing, no peer-reviewed published evidence exists for any pharmacological agent improving COVID-19 patient outcomes. However, rem","qid":17,"docid":"yoo3ic2c","rank":89,"score":6.064198970794678},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of conducting tobacco-focused clinical trials and introduces Remote Trials as a solution. Remote Trials, led by local investigative teams but conducted remotely, offer benefits such as efficient recruitment and cost savings. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need for remote trials. The manuscript provides an overview of methods for conducting remote trials in various stages, including recruitment and screening, informed consent, assessment, biomarker collection, and medication ad","qid":17,"docid":"0s70cjwi","rank":90,"score":6.056700229644775},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of conducting tobacco-focused clinical trials and introduces Remote Trials as a solution. Remote Trials, led by local investigative teams but conducted remotely, offer benefits such as efficient recruitment and cost savings. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need for remote trial methods. The manuscript provides an overview of methods for conducting remote trials in various stages, including recruitment and screening, informed consent, assessment, biomarker collection, and medication","qid":17,"docid":"4zz5ktk5","rank":91,"score":6.056699275970459},{"content":"This review summarizes the current state of therapeutic options for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which are two emerging infectious diseases with no specific antivirals available. The review covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of the SARS and MERS coronaviruses, and discusses the outcomes of treatments used for these diseases. The","qid":17,"docid":"hyihoelf","rank":92,"score":6.052800178527832},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to summarize ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines. The search identified 1359 published papers, 478 pre-prints, and 367 ongoing trials. Ten trials met the inclusion criteria, seven focused on the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 using different vaccine types, and three assessed the protective role of BCG vaccine. The scientific community is working globally to develop a safe and effective vaccine for","qid":17,"docid":"1yrcbm7e","rank":93,"score":6.026800155639648},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to summarize ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines. The search identified 1359 published papers, 478 pre-prints, and 367 ongoing trials. Ten trials met the inclusion criteria, seven focused on the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 using different types of vaccines, and three assessed the protective role of BCG vaccine. The scientific community is working globally to develop a safe and effective","qid":17,"docid":"xt8tld2i","rank":94,"score":6.026799201965332},{"content":"Title: Telemedicine Optimization for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Trials\n\nALS, with over 160 companies involved in research, faces challenges in recruiting trial participants due to patient mobility limitations and concentration of trials in major centers. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated telemedicine adoption for clinical care and raised the possibility of its use in clinical trials. This piece discusses the current state of telemedicine","qid":17,"docid":"2owfywok","rank":95,"score":6.018599987030029},{"content":"A review was conducted to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of psychological therapies for treating anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with long-term physical conditions. 16 low-quality trials involving 1121 participants suggested that psychological therapies may be more effective than control therapies for short-term depression. 13 studies involving 578 participants showed inadequate evidence for the effectiveness of psychological therapies for short-term anxiety. Psychological interventions specifically designed","qid":17,"docid":"qyixnc9x","rank":96,"score":6.017499923706055},{"content":"This rapid review and meta-analysis examined the psychological effects on healthcare workers during the management of various emerging virus outbreaks, including SARS, covid-19, MERS, Ebola, and influenza. The study included 59 papers and found that healthcare workers in direct contact with affected patients had higher levels of acute or post-traumatic stress and psychological distress compared to lower risk controls. Risk factors for psychological distress included being younger, more junior, having","qid":17,"docid":"3l2b3q3u","rank":97,"score":6.015699863433838},{"content":"This living systematic review aims to provide up-to-date evidence on the role of cell-based therapies in treating COVID-19. Searches were conducted in various databases and 1,043 records were screened, but none were eligible. Sixty-one ongoing studies, including 39 randomized trials, were identified. Currently, there is no evidence to support or refute the use of cell-based therapies in COVID-19 treatment.","qid":17,"docid":"igp1njwq","rank":98,"score":6.007599830627441},{"content":"The passage discusses the development of a method for producing non-replicating adenovirus vectors for early-phase clinical trials using simian adenoviruses and single-use components. Current GMP-compliant processes have challenges, such as limited relevance to clinical vaccine development and the need for extensive optimization for each new vaccine. The reported process uses single-use stirred-tank bioreactors, transgene-repressing HEK29","qid":17,"docid":"u8y47qmd","rank":99,"score":5.992599964141846},{"content":"A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the use of remdesivir as a treatment for COVID-19, comparing it to standard of care, placebo, or other treatments. Using the BRAT framework, potential benefits identified included a shorter time to recovery and possible reduced mortality risk, while risks included more discontinuations due to adverse events and fewer serious adverse events in the remdesivir group. Preliminary clinical trial results suggest a favorable benefit-","qid":17,"docid":"gxogowwb","rank":100,"score":5.980100154876709}]}
{"query":"what are the best masks for preventing infection by Covid-19?","hits":[{"content":"People with epilepsy are not at higher risk for COVID-19 infection or severe manifestations. Wearing a face mask may simulate hyperventilation for some, but it's an effective prevention measure against the virus. PWE should not avoid wearing masks entirely, but can do so most of the time without close contact with others. Wearing masks in crowded locations is more advantageous. Concrete evidence is lacking regarding mask safety for PWE during a respiratory infectious disease","qid":18,"docid":"lq7bh1sl","rank":1,"score":9.519800186157227},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women and the unanswered questions regarding their susceptibility and transmission of the virus. Guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been developed based on available evidence, but more information is needed to make key decisions such as special considerations for pregnant healthcare workers and breastfeeding. Current recommendations include avoiding contact with ill persons, frequent hand","qid":18,"docid":"8patrxld","rank":2,"score":9.51200008392334},{"content":"The American College of Physicians (ACP) has released recommendations on the use of N95 respirators, surgical masks, and cloth masks for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in community and healthcare settings. The ACP will update these recommendations based on new evidence for one year following the initial search date. The controversy surrounds the effectiveness of these masks and their appropriate use situations.","qid":18,"docid":"f4sd7vbi","rank":3,"score":9.500100135803223},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of N95 respirators compared to surgical masks in preventing respiratory infections among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four randomized controlled trials involving 8736 HCWs were included, but none specifically addressed COVID-19. Wearing N95 respirators was found to prevent 73 more clinical respiratory infections per 1000 H","qid":18,"docid":"1q8tqeg7","rank":4,"score":9.270999908447266},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of N95 respirators compared to surgical masks in preventing respiratory infections among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four randomized controlled trials involving 8736 HCWs were included, but none specifically addressed COVID-19. Wearing N95 respirators prevented 73 more clinical respiratory infections per 1000 HCWs","qid":18,"docid":"334hmwmj","rank":5,"score":9.27099895477295},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of N95 respirators compared to surgical masks in preventing respiratory infections among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four randomized controlled trials involving 8736 HCWs were included, but none specifically addressed COVID-19. Wearing N95 respirators prevented 73 more clinical respiratory infections per 1000 HCWs","qid":18,"docid":"no8bgglk","rank":6,"score":9.270998001098633},{"content":"This study examines the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of face masks in reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Uganda. While evidence for community protection is limited, widespread use of masks by health workers suggests potential benefits. The study uses an SEIAQRD model to determine the percentage of the population that needs to wear masks to keep the basic reproduction number below unity or flatten the curve. Results indicate that implementing face masks has a significant impact on the size","qid":18,"docid":"zwyueevh","rank":7,"score":9.09280014038086},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of a study modeling the impact of public contact rates and facial mask usage on the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China after the metropolitan-wide quarantine is lifted. The study estimates that a total of 65,572 individuals would be infected by the virus, with 16,144 infected through public contacts, 45,795 through household contacts, and 3,633 through hospital contacts","qid":18,"docid":"vw4vul5j","rank":8,"score":9.086099624633789},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic primarily spreads through saliva or nasal discharge. Scientists are exploring ways to protect the public before a vaccine is available, including the production of more masks to prevent aerosol transmission of microbes. A proposed solution is to develop three-layered nanofiber masks infused with compounds from medicinal plants for viral deactivation, benefiting both healthcare workers and common citizens. These masks can help control diseases in the absence of vaccination","qid":18,"docid":"qi8x5yaq","rank":9,"score":9.035099983215332},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic primarily spreads through saliva or nasal discharge. Scientists are working on providing protection to the public before a vaccine is available, focusing on increasing mask production and developing efficient viral inactivation systems using compounds from medicinal plants in nanofiber-based masks. These three-layered masks will have fibrous filtration for viral deactivation, benefiting both healthcare workers and common citizens in controlling airborne transmission of the virus.","qid":18,"docid":"tfrawa9z","rank":10,"score":9.035099029541016},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study that used a dynamic model to forecast the trend of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China after the quarantine is lifted. The study projects a declining trend of the epidemic with 65,733 total infections and 2,821 deaths if the current quarantine strategy continues. To prevent a second outbreak, early lifting of the quarantine on March 21 requires a high facial mask usage of 85","qid":18,"docid":"brt7ud3u","rank":11,"score":8.902600288391113},{"content":"A study in five Brazilian cities observed 12,588 people and found that only 45.1% wore masks correctly during daily activities, while 15.5% did not use masks at all. The remaining population used masks incorrectly, highlighting the importance of instructing and sensitizing people on proper mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study emphasizes the need to control the virus before allowing people back in the streets.","qid":18,"docid":"ej76fsxa","rank":12,"score":8.630399703979492},{"content":"A study using a next-generation matrix approach estimates that masks, even with suboptimal efficacy, can significantly decrease COVID-19's reproduction number if widely used. Widespread masking can suppress epidemics where R is close to 1, but assortative mixing (interactions between masked individuals being more likely) can reduce mask effectiveness, requiring near-universal mask uptake.","qid":18,"docid":"dt2pew66","rank":13,"score":8.507699966430664},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global shortage of respiratory protective equipment for healthcare workers. This article offers guidance on optimizing the use of available equipment to provide maximum protection. It discusses the appropriate mask types for specific situations, mask requirements, and strategies for local workflow optimization, including mask re-use after decontamination.","qid":18,"docid":"nk95dyln","rank":14,"score":8.424699783325195},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global shortage of respiratory protective equipment, necessitating optimal use to protect all healthcare workers. This article offers guidance on selecting the appropriate mask for specific situations, mask requirements, and workflow optimization, including mask re-use after decontamination.","qid":18,"docid":"31fnbch7","rank":15,"score":8.390600204467773},{"content":"Nurses at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Japan provide care for COVID-19 patients on ECMO support, wearing protective gear including N95 masks, isolation gowns, caps, shielded masks, one-piece suits, and powered air-purifying respirators. ECMO catheters are changed every 4 days instead of daily to minimize aerosol exposure. Nursing care involves equipment checks, hemodynamic and respiratory monitoring, ant","qid":18,"docid":"u0bygcv2","rank":16,"score":8.371000289916992},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is uncertainty regarding the virus's origin, structure, testing, immunity, mask effectiveness, susceptibility, and death rate. Simultaneously, nursing journals have seen an epidemic of manuscripts on COVID-19, but the rejection rate is high.","qid":18,"docid":"5d7zien3","rank":17,"score":8.357000350952148},{"content":"This rapid GRADE review analyzed the risk of Covid-19 transmission to healthcare workers (HCWs) providing supportive care to hospitalized patients, focusing on respiratory support interventions. The study included 21 studies, with moderate certainty evidence indicating a significant risk of transmission during endotracheal intubation or contact with respiratory secretions. The safety of nebulization treatment, conventional HFNC, NIV, CPR, and bag and mask","qid":18,"docid":"0hki5u13","rank":18,"score":8.27560043334961},{"content":"This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of physical distance, face masks, and eye protection on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses in healthcare and non-healthcare settings. The study identified 172 observational studies and 44 relevant comparative studies, finding that physical distancing of 1 meter or more significantly reduces the risk of virus transmission (pooled adjusted odds ratio 0.18","qid":18,"docid":"8ko7mmu3","rank":19,"score":8.246800422668457},{"content":"This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of physical distance, face masks, and eye protection on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses in healthcare and non-healthcare settings. The study identified 172 observational studies and 44 relevant comparative studies, finding that physical distancing of 1 meter or more significantly reduces the risk of virus transmission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0","qid":18,"docid":"zzumi9h5","rank":20,"score":8.24679946899414},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has infected healthcare workers (HCW) worldwide, with mortality rates ranging from 0.53-1.94%. PPE is crucial for their protection, but there's controversy over its use due to infection control recommendations varying between institutions. A literature review was conducted using keywords like \"personal protective equipment,\" \"COVID-19,\" \"N95,\" \"healthcare worker,\" and \"mortality.\" SARS-nCo","qid":18,"docid":"xeyfkjm5","rank":21,"score":8.191900253295898},{"content":"The passage suggests that universal mask use, along with hand hygiene and social distancing, is crucial in reducing the transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals. In the context of children, it is important to prepare them for mask use and explain the reasons behind it without forcing compliance. The availability of properly fitting masks and educational efforts from parents and schools are essential for successful implementation. The new information presented includes the necessity of mask use in children when they","qid":18,"docid":"471z07ac","rank":22,"score":8.180999755859375},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus poses a significant public health threat worldwide. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, with limited knowledge about the pathogen, testing capacity, and effective treatment options, it is challenging for local and state governments to reduce morbidity and mortality. Infectious disease models help public health officials predict the number of infected persons, hospitalizations, and deaths, enabling them to implement the most effective mitigation measures and \"flatten","qid":18,"docid":"bg1q9gra","rank":23,"score":8.147100448608398},{"content":"A retrospective cohort-based study in Thailand investigated the association between wearing masks, washing hands, and social distancing practices, and the risk of COVID-19 infection. Among 1,050 contacts of COVID-19 patients, 20% were diagnosed with COVID-19 by April 2020. Wearing masks all the time was associated with a lower risk of infection (aOR 0.23), while wearing masks sometimes had","qid":18,"docid":"l8y9r8cp","rank":24,"score":8.136099815368652},{"content":"A before-after observational study was conducted in family physicians' offices in Ottawa to determine the effectiveness of a short-term intervention promoting best practices for control of respiratory infections. The intervention included observing and auditing infection-control practices such as use of masks, alcohol-based hand gel, signs, disinfecting surfaces, and hand-gel dispensers in examining rooms. The results showed significant increases in the use of signs, masks, alcohol-based","qid":18,"docid":"0mcixa4c","rank":25,"score":8.135100364685059},{"content":"A new urgency has arisen for improving masked face recognition technology due to the widespread use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, making conventional facial recognition ineffective in various applications. Three types of masked face datasets - Masked Face Detection Dataset (MFDD), Real-world Masked Face Recognition Dataset (RMFRD), and Simulated Masked Face Recognition Dataset (SMFRD) - have been proposed to address this issue. Among","qid":18,"docid":"oid5bok9","rank":26,"score":8.133700370788574},{"content":"A study investigating preventive measures taken by Greek citizens to avoid COVID-19 infection revealed that most commonly used precautions include avoiding non-mandatory transportation, contact with symptomatic individuals, and distancing from high-risk groups. Least applied measures are daily temperature checks, mask usage in public places, and monitoring for cough or dyspnea. The study identified five citizen segments based on self-reported behavior: Meticulous Proactive, Self-isolated","qid":18,"docid":"kjpowgix","rank":27,"score":8.132399559020996},{"content":"A study investigating preventive measures taken by Greek citizens to avoid COVID-19 infection revealed that most commonly used precautions include avoiding non-mandatory transportation, contact with symptomatic individuals, and distancing from high-risk groups. Least applied measures are daily temperature checks, mask usage in public places, and monitoring for cough or dyspnea. The study identified five citizen segments based on self-reported behavior: Meticulous Proactive, Self-isolated","qid":18,"docid":"o6t05a14","rank":28,"score":8.13239860534668},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by flow physics in various ways, including the production and aerosolization of virus-carrying respiratory droplets, their airborne dissemination and deposition on surfaces, and the inhalation of these bioaerosols by individuals. Fluid dynamics is also crucial for preventative measures like mask usage, hand-washing, indoor ventilation, and social distancing. This article discusses current knowledge and highlights the need for","qid":18,"docid":"7is71518","rank":29,"score":8.111100196838379},{"content":"The study aimed to identify the relationship between political interventions, environmental and health variables, and the number of Covid-19 cases and deaths using linear modeling in 40 European and other countries. The results showed that population standardized cases were best predicted by the number of tests, life-expectancy, and border closure. Population standardized deaths were best predicted by time, the virus being in the country, life expectancy, smoking (negatively), and school closures (posit","qid":18,"docid":"cmqj8get","rank":30,"score":8.106300354003906},{"content":"This living review examines the effectiveness of N95, surgical, and cloth masks in community and healthcare settings for preventing respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Thirty-nine studies, including 18 randomized controlled trials and 21 observational studies, were included. The evidence suggests that community mask use may decrease the risk for SARS-CoV-1 infection, and mask use in high- or moderate-r","qid":18,"docid":"kshjqsdj","rank":31,"score":8.054200172424316},{"content":"This study assessed the awareness, perception, and attitude of Jordanian dentists towards COVID-19 and infection control. A total of 368 dentists were surveyed through an online questionnaire. Most dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission modes, and infection control measures in dental clinics. However, they had limited understanding of additional precautions to protect dental staff and patients. The study highlighted the need for clear communication of guidelines and best practices from dental","qid":18,"docid":"d0fere1l","rank":32,"score":8.044500350952148},{"content":"This study assessed the awareness, perception, and attitude of Jordanian dentists towards COVID-19 and infection control. A total of 368 dentists were surveyed through an online questionnaire. Most dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission modes, and infection control measures in dental clinics. However, they had limited understanding of additional precautions to protect dental staff and patients. The study highlighted the need for clear communication of guidelines and best practices from dental","qid":18,"docid":"lh3x6wat","rank":33,"score":8.044499397277832},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using CT images to estimate the physical proportion of infected regions in the lung for COVID-19 pneumonia. Two tasks were performed: segmenting the mask of intact lung and generating masks of infected regions. The masks were then converted to volumes to calculate the infected region proportion. A total of 129 CT image sets were used, with radiologists generating the final training set and test benchmark. UNet and 2.5D UNet deep learning","qid":18,"docid":"p3t6dsfd","rank":34,"score":8.034500122070312},{"content":"In December 2019, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, began transmitting from person to person in Wuhan, China. Face masks, as personal protective equipment, may help prevent the transmission of respiratory viruses and bacteria, including COVID-19. A case is presented where face masks were used to prevent infection.","qid":18,"docid":"wni08lks","rank":35,"score":8.03219985961914},{"content":"The passage discusses the objectives of determining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through aerosols, providing evidence on mask usage, and protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19. The conclusion is that SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted via droplets but can spread further with strong directional airflow. High rates of COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers have been reported. While FFP2 masks are designed to protect healthcare workers,","qid":18,"docid":"9uxfxry4","rank":36,"score":8.010700225830078},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of research into mask use by healthcare workers (HCWs) for infection prevention and control, particularly in the context of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Current evidence suggests that appropriate mask use during routine care is crucial for best practices during outbreaks. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors influencing HCWs' decisions and behaviors regarding mask use. The need for research is based on the ongoing threat of infectious diseases,","qid":18,"docid":"kvv3fx2n","rank":37,"score":7.997300148010254},{"content":"This living review examines the effectiveness of N95, surgical, and cloth masks in preventing respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in community and health care settings. Thirty-nine studies, including 18 randomized controlled trials and 21 observational studies, were included. The evidence suggests that community mask use may decrease the risk for SARS-CoV-1 infection, and mask use in high- or moderate","qid":18,"docid":"j0lpy07l","rank":38,"score":7.9558000564575195},{"content":"A systematic review of studies on the use of masks and respirators to prevent influenza transmission found limited evidence for their effectiveness. Six of eight randomized controlled trials and one household trial showed no significant difference between control and intervention groups. One hospital-based trial found a lower rate of clinical respiratory illness with non-fit-tested N95 respirators compared to medical masks. Eight of nine observational studies found a reduced risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome (S","qid":18,"docid":"y43prnko","rank":39,"score":7.950300216674805},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has infected healthcare workers (HCW) worldwide, with mortality rates ranging from 0.53% to 1.94%. SARS-nCoV-2 is highly contagious, and PPE is essential for their protection. Respirators, particularly N95 masks, are more effective than masks in preventing aerosol transmission. Extended use of PPE and powered air-purifying respirators are recommended for","qid":18,"docid":"dwawjone","rank":40,"score":7.938000202178955},{"content":"A novel pandemic called COVID-19 has necessitated the use of protective items like masks and gloves for everyone. Preventing infection is the top priority. Nanomaterials coated with Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may be used in masks, gloves, and filters for enhanced protection. Utilizing nanotechnology offers hope in the fight against COVID-19.","qid":18,"docid":"g477u9k1","rank":41,"score":7.92549991607666},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of population-wide mask-wearing on the spread of Covid-19, particularly in reducing the number of critically-ill patients and cumulative mortality. The study uses a simplified SIR model to investigate the effects of mask use with 8 or 16% efficacy. The benefits on critical-care and mortality rates are minor when transmissibility is high but dramatic as the effective R approaches 1, after aggressive social-","qid":18,"docid":"uc37poce","rank":42,"score":7.900700092315674},{"content":"The article describes the successful implementation of refined management strategies in preventing and controlling COVID-19 epidemic in non-isolated areas of a general hospital. The hospital established standards for prevention and control, implemented various measures, conducted audits, and used information techniques for communication. No COVID-19 infections occurred among staff, and 100% compliance was achieved for mask wearing, epidemiological history screening, and medical supplies disinfection. However, the accuracy rate of","qid":18,"docid":"dpiiaxxt","rank":43,"score":7.890999794006348},{"content":"The article describes the successful implementation of refined management strategies in preventing and controlling COVID-19 infections in non-isolated areas of a general hospital. The hospital established standards for prevention and control, implemented various measures, conducted audits, and used information techniques for communication. No hospital staff contracted COVID-19, and 100% compliance was achieved for staff mask-wearing, epidemiological history screening, and medical supplies disinfection. However, the accuracy","qid":18,"docid":"i8w88cb0","rank":44,"score":7.890998840332031},{"content":"The passage summarizes an analysis of guidelines on respiratory protection equipment for healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Four countries (France, Germany, United States, United Kingdom) and two international organizations (US and European Center for Diseases Control, and World Health Organization) were reviewed. Guidelines varied in publication process and timeline, with most published in March. Respirators were universally recommended for aerosol generating procedures, but the type and use of masks and","qid":18,"docid":"wahcfox7","rank":45,"score":7.882199764251709},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread use of face masks, causing a global shortage for healthcare workers due to the public's indiscriminate use of surgical or FFP masks. This study outlines the French guidelines for the rational use of respiratory protective equipment for healthcare workers to address this issue.","qid":18,"docid":"4mx9t5td","rank":46,"score":7.870100021362305},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread use of face masks, leading to a global shortage for healthcare workers due to the public's indiscriminate use of surgical or FFP masks. This passage outlines the French guidelines for rational use of respiratory protective equipment for healthcare workers to address this issue.","qid":18,"docid":"ndy59p5p","rank":47,"score":7.870099067687988},{"content":"The passage discusses the objective of the study which is to identify gaps in current IPC guidelines for COVID-19 by reviewing global guidelines from organizations such as WHO, CDC, and ECDC, as well as from high-income countries like Australia, the United Kingdom, and middle-income country China. The study found that nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings can occur through droplets, aerosols, and","qid":18,"docid":"idlyl4ga","rank":48,"score":7.852799892425537},{"content":"A review of global COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines was conducted to identify gaps based on current knowledge of transmission dynamics and clinical features of the virus. The study found that nosocomial transmission occurs through droplets, aerosols, and the oral-fecal or fecal-droplet route. However, IPC guidelines fail to cover all transmission modes and have conflicting recommendations. Most guidelines suggest surgical masks for routine care and N95 resp","qid":18,"docid":"o6a4kmmh","rank":49,"score":7.852798938751221},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 2 million infected people worldwide, has led to intense discussions about personal protective equipments, particularly masks. While hand hygiene is the most effective preventive measure against COVID-19, the type of mask used can vary depending on the setting, personnel, and activity. Droplet transmission is the main route for COVID-19, but aerosol generating procedures may result in airborne transmission. To prevent respiratory diseases transmitted","qid":18,"docid":"6wxjm7m0","rank":50,"score":7.826499938964844},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 2 million infected people worldwide, has led to intense discussions about personal protective equipment, particularly masks. Hand hygiene is the most effective preventive measure against COVID-19. The type of mask used depends on the setting, personnel, and activity. While droplets are the main transmission route, airborne transmission can occur during aerosol generating procedures. To prevent airborne transmission, use goggles and respiratory protection like N","qid":18,"docid":"r1oqwdkz","rank":51,"score":7.785699844360352},{"content":"The COVID-19 virus, also known as SARS-CoV-2, was first detected in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. It spreads mainly through respiratory droplets, making prevention strategies essential. These strategies include blocking transmission, isolation, protection, and ongoing use of drugs or vaccines. Currently, no approved treatments or vaccines exist for COVID-19, making rapid detection of effective interventions a significant challenge. This","qid":18,"docid":"q0ey3wib","rank":52,"score":7.591400146484375},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study where the filtration capacity of wearing multiple surgical masks to prevent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) transmission was tested. The results showed that the combination of five surgical masks had a fit factor of 13.7, which is below the minimum level required for a half face respirator. The study concluded that multiple surgical masks do not effectively filter ambient particles and should not be used as a substitute","qid":18,"docid":"wzmfmcpt","rank":53,"score":7.583700180053711},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the preventive measures implemented in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in the Haute-Garonne department, Southwestern France, between March 23rd and May 6th, 2020, before the arrival of the COVID-19 epidemic wave. The questionnaire focused on practices related to mask usage, hydro-alcoholic solute supply, training on hygiene measures, containment in residents' rooms","qid":18,"docid":"i1gdsiw6","rank":54,"score":7.566400051116943},{"content":"Zhejiang Province effectively contained the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and this article outlines the role of community-based organizations in their success. Based on interviews, the article details how these organizations were involved in three stages of the response: prevention, control, and recovery. Public sector leaders are encouraged to utilize community-based organizations, incentivize volunteers, offer data infrastructure and digital tracking platforms, and build trust and long-term capacity.","qid":18,"docid":"9v0z2chz","rank":55,"score":7.561800003051758},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of social and behavioral change strategies in addressing the transmission of COVID-19, as biomedical treatments are currently limited. The author draws on lessons learned from the HIV epidemic, which has provided extensive information on social and behavioral interventions at various levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social. These interventions have been extensively researched and funded in the context of HIV prevention and treatment, surpassing any other","qid":18,"docid":"dbhfnvi2","rank":56,"score":7.53410005569458},{"content":"The world is dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the scientific community is working on prevention, treatment, and a vaccine. Nutrition and food science have a role in disease prevention and treatment, but it's important to distinguish facts from myths. Social distancing and hygiene are the most effective ways to reduce transmission risk. While nutrition is important, unproven dietary options could distract individuals from effective precautions.","qid":18,"docid":"3mcl83nz","rank":57,"score":7.5295000076293945},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials compared the effectiveness of medical masks and N95 respirators in preventing laboratory-confirmed viral infections, including coronavirus, and respiratory illness in healthcare workers. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two types of masks in preventing viral infections (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.90-1.25; I (2)","qid":18,"docid":"1aqf98e0","rank":58,"score":7.478499889373779},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials compared the effectiveness of medical masks and N95 respirators in preventing laboratory-confirmed viral infections, including coronavirus, and respiratory illness in healthcare workers. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two types of protective devices in terms of preventing viral infections (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.90-1.25; I","qid":18,"docid":"8khrecrf","rank":59,"score":7.478498935699463},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of computer simulations estimating the effect of masking the general population on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 using two web-based softwares. Masks were found to be effective in reducing new cases, even with simple home-made ones, and strict adherence is not critical. Early implementation of masks helps reduce the total number of cases, and it might be possible to eliminate an outbreak with widespread mask use during a limited period. However","qid":18,"docid":"ugkxxaeb","rank":60,"score":7.471099853515625},{"content":"This systematic review summarizes the evidence on the use of face masks by the general population to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The review identified 14 eligible articles, all of which reported the effectiveness of face masks in preventing the spread of influenza, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2 in community or experimental settings. Early initiation of mask usage and masks' effectiveness against viruses that transmit easily from","qid":18,"docid":"f7rcijh4","rank":61,"score":7.467299938201904},{"content":"The CDC and Canadian public health officials reversed their earlier stance on mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, now recommending non-medical masks in public settings where social distancing is difficult. The primary motivation for mask usage is to protect others from potential infection, rather than for the wearer's own protection.","qid":18,"docid":"pynqwj5t","rank":62,"score":7.467298984527588},{"content":"Hospitals are implementing universal masking policies to prevent presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 and reduce the need for contact tracing and employee furloughs. Some hospitals are considering this measure despite mask shortages. Reasons for universal masking include protection for healthcare workers and patients, reducing transmission, and creating a culture of infection control. Challenges include mask shortages, proper fit and use, and potential for false sense of security. Proposed solutions include universal use of","qid":18,"docid":"pt3a5y49","rank":63,"score":7.458700180053711},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 infection, estimated to be around 5% of the population, based on comorbid medical illness and age. This population, which includes individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and significant kidney or liver impairment, represents a significant number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and","qid":18,"docid":"3jwl97qb","rank":64,"score":7.416100025177002},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 infection, estimated to be around 5% of the population, based on comorbid medical illness and age. This population, which includes individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and significant kidney or liver impairment, represents a significant number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and","qid":18,"docid":"7ofa04l1","rank":65,"score":7.4160990715026855},{"content":"The Italian Skull Base Society recommends urgent skull-base surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic with strict safety measures. All patients should be tested twice before surgery, and procedures for positive patients should be postponed. Mandatory PPE includes FFP3, PAPR, goggles, full-face visors, double gloves, water-resistant gowns, and protective caps for positive patients, and at least an FFP2 mask for negative patients. Dr","qid":18,"docid":"0sk0o04v","rank":66,"score":7.405200004577637},{"content":"The Italian Skull Base Society recommends only performing urgent skull base surgeries during the Covid-19 pandemic. Patients should be tested for the virus twice before surgery, with positive cases having procedures postponed until testing negative. Mandatory protective equipment includes FFP3 and\/or PAPRs devices, goggles, full-face visors, double gloves, water-resistant gowns, and protective caps for positive patients, and at least FFP2 masks for","qid":18,"docid":"yhjoaw9m","rank":67,"score":7.40519905090332},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, was declared a global health emergency in March 2020 with over 2 million infected and 140,000 deaths in 210 countries. Ophthalmic practices carry unique infection risks, necessitating heightened precautions based on experiences from previous outbreaks. Key areas of focus include disease transmission, personal protection, and mask selection. Successfully preventing COVID","qid":18,"docid":"zxl84e2m","rank":68,"score":7.40310001373291},{"content":"Cloth masks offer some protection against respiratory infections, including COVID-19, but their filtration effectiveness is lower than medical masks and respators. Well-designed, multilayer cloth masks made of water-resistant fabric with a high thread count and fine weave may provide reasonable protection. Cloth masks should not replace medical or N95 masks for healthcare workers until proven equally effective. In community settings, cloth masks can help prevent infection spread from sick or asympt","qid":18,"docid":"tcijnphu","rank":69,"score":7.381499767303467},{"content":"Cloth masks offer some protection against respiratory infections, including COVID-19, but their filtration effectiveness is lower than medical masks and respators. Well-designed, multilayer cloth masks made of water-resistant fabric with a high thread count and fine weave may provide reasonable protection. Cloth masks should not be mandated for healthcare workers until proven equally effective as medical or N95 masks. In community settings, cloth masks can help prevent infection spread by","qid":18,"docid":"xtraspw2","rank":70,"score":7.38149881362915},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a mask shortage due to its high mortality rate and primary transmission through droplets. To address this issue, 17 materials for homemade masks were tested against four key indicators: pressure difference, particle filtration efficiency, bacterial filtration efficiency, and resistance to surface wetting. Eleven single-layer materials met the pressure difference standard, but none met the bacterial filtration efficiency standard. Three double-layer","qid":18,"docid":"o5esfwf4","rank":71,"score":7.3813982009887695},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of interventions to minimize the transmission of COVID-19 during events. The authors introduce the concept of \"event R,\" the expected number of new infections caused by an infected individual at an event. They establish a relationship between event R and four parameters: transmission intensity, duration of exposure, proximity of individuals, and degree of mixing. Using reports of small outbreaks, they identify principles for determining which interventions, such as physical distancing, masks, or","qid":18,"docid":"u34301eg","rank":72,"score":7.380799770355225},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, ENT consultations carry a risk of contamination due to potential aerosolization of human organic material. ENT specialists are advised to take precautions for all patients, regardless of COVID-19 symptoms. For examinations without aerosolization risk, use a long sleeve clean outfit, surgical mask, and gloves. For procedures with aerosolization risk, use FFP2\/N95 respiratory protection, eye protection","qid":18,"docid":"5vz98lr4","rank":73,"score":7.369100093841553},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, ENT consultations carry a risk of contamination due to potential aerosolization of human organic material. ENT specialists are advised to take precautions for all patients, regardless of COVID-19 symptoms. For examinations without aerosolization risk, use a long sleeve clean outfit, surgical mask, and gloves. For procedures with aerosolization risk, use FFP2\/N95 respiratory protection, eye protection","qid":18,"docid":"qw4az7dd","rank":74,"score":7.369099140167236},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted myeloma care, with the immediate concern being minimizing the risk of infection. Looking ahead, the future of myeloma treatment may involve cost-effective and tailored approaches as healthcare delivery will not return to its pre-pandemic state. Investment in novel strategies is necessary to provide optimal outcomes for patients in the post-pandemic environment.","qid":18,"docid":"sexx9196","rank":75,"score":7.360899925231934},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted myeloma care, with the immediate concern being minimizing the risk of infection and its complications. Looking ahead, the future of myeloma treatment may involve cost-effective and tailored approaches as the post-pandemic healthcare landscape will not revert to its previous state. Now is the time to invest in innovative strategies to optimize patient outcomes.","qid":18,"docid":"njg0ln33","rank":76,"score":7.31790018081665},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected over 3.5 million people worldwide. Diabetes, age, and cardiovascular disease are identified as factors increasing the severity of COVID-19. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to complications in respiratory infections like SARS-CoV-2, as seen in previous outbreaks of SARS, MERS, and Influenza.","qid":18,"docid":"5zb96j4a","rank":77,"score":7.310999870300293},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using a compartmental model to assess the impact of face mask use by the general public on reducing the spread of COVID-19. The simulations suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective masks can significantly decrease community transmission, peak hospitalizations, and deaths. The effectiveness of masks is proportional to their ability to block infectious contacts and the coverage rate among the population. The study also finds that masks can synergize with other non-pharmaceutical","qid":18,"docid":"28utunid","rank":78,"score":7.301799774169922},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using a compartmental model to assess the impact of face mask use by the general public on reducing the spread of COVID-19. The simulations suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective masks can significantly decrease community transmission, peak hospitalizations, and deaths. The effectiveness of masks is proportional to their ability to block infectious contacts and the coverage rate among the population. The study also finds that masks can synergize with other non-pharmaceutical","qid":18,"docid":"qi1henyy","rank":79,"score":7.3017988204956055},{"content":"A study using a golden Syrian hamster model for COVID-19 found that non-contact transmission occurred in 66.7% of na\u00efve hamsters exposed to infected hamsters. However, the use of a surgical mask partition reduced transmission to 25% for both challenged and na\u00efve hamsters, and to only 16.7% for challenged hamsters. The infected na\u00efve hamsters had milder symptoms, lower viral loads, and","qid":18,"docid":"i5i8hb80","rank":80,"score":7.291999816894531},{"content":"The passage discusses the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Jingmen, Hubei, China, including demographics, exposure to Wuhan, severity of cases, and impact of prevention measures. Of the 219 cases, 40% had exposure to Wuhan, with a median age of 48 years and 40% being men. Thirty-three severe cases, mostly men with chronic diseases, were treated in ICUs.","qid":18,"docid":"ei0lagpp","rank":81,"score":7.291100025177002},{"content":"The passage discusses the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Jingmen, Hubei, China, where the outbreak was successfully controlled. Of the 219 diagnosed cases between January 12 and February 29, 2020, 40% had exposure to Wuhan. The median age was 48 years, and 40% were men. Thirty-three severe cases, mostly men with chronic diseases, were treated in","qid":18,"docid":"kbxlo7pu","rank":82,"score":7.2910990715026855},{"content":"The study analyzes the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in China, South Korea, Italy, and Spain using GAM to generate epidemiological curves and simulate infection curves with reported incubation periods. The results suggest that public health measurements, including mask wearing, can be reflected sensitively in infection curves. In China, mask wearing by the public before the Wuhan lockdown and first-level response in Guangdong and Shanghai significantly flattened the infection curve","qid":18,"docid":"fsis95hd","rank":83,"score":7.2631001472473145},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the accepted modes of transmission, which include person-to-person and aerosol transmission during specific procedures. The authors suggest that airborne transmission is a significant factor in the spread of the virus, as the virus can remain viable in aerosols for up to 3 hours. They also highlight the potential role of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in the","qid":18,"docid":"3q3sktuq","rank":84,"score":7.262599945068359},{"content":"The passage discusses the possibility of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, with evidence including the virus's viability in aerosols for at least 3 hours and instances of transmission in Japan, Germany, and on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems may contribute to the spread of the virus if not used correctly, as suggested by past SARS outbreaks. Further research is needed to","qid":18,"docid":"rqw9jir0","rank":85,"score":7.262598991394043},{"content":"A systematic review of 19 randomized controlled trials examined the efficacy of masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses for community members, healthcare workers, and sick patients. In community settings, masks were more effective than hand hygiene alone, and both together offered greater protection. In healthcare settings, respirators were effective when worn continuously during a shift but not intermittently, while medical masks and cloth masks were ineffective. Sick","qid":18,"docid":"h7ftu3ax","rank":86,"score":7.222499847412109},{"content":"A systematic review of 19 randomized controlled trials examined the efficacy of masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for healthcare workers, sick patients, and the general public. In community settings, masks were effective with or without hand hygiene, and most protective when used together. In healthcare settings, respirators were effective when worn continually during a shift, but medical masks and cloth masks were not. Sick patients using","qid":18,"docid":"in16u4pm","rank":87,"score":7.222498893737793},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using regression analysis on data from 50 countries to identify variables predicting Covid-19 infections and deaths. The number of deaths can be accurately predicted from the number of infections, regardless of a country's characteristics. Epidemiological measures, such as travel restrictions, were more effective than hospital resources. Inbound tourism, electricity consumption, and air pollution were the best predictors of infections and deaths. Contrarily, hospital bed","qid":18,"docid":"iut1xj7k","rank":88,"score":7.206200122833252},{"content":"A retrospective study conducted at Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong found a significant decrease of 44.0% in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) admissions during the first three months of 2020 compared to the average admissions from 2015 to 2019. The decrease was associated with increased masking percentage and temperature. No reduction in admissions for control diagnoses was observed","qid":18,"docid":"cl0q7hrn","rank":89,"score":7.1722002029418945},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic and the debate over the effectiveness of face masks in preventing community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have led to controversies due to a lack of high-quality evidence supporting their use as personal protective equipment. Despite this, face masks have become a standard practice in some countries, leading to discrepancies between health authorities. This review aims to summarize recent research on the topic and identify potential areas for further investigation.","qid":18,"docid":"cvulb9t6","rank":90,"score":7.147200107574463},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic and the debate over SARS-CoV-2 transmission have brought controversies regarding the use of face masks as preventive measures. While there are regulations for using masks as personal protective equipment, strong evidence supporting their effectiveness against respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, is lacking. Despite this, widespread mask use is common in some countries, leading to disagreements among health authorities. This review aims to discuss recent research on","qid":18,"docid":"fdkqs3rg","rank":91,"score":7.1471991539001465},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and facilities lack sufficient personal protective equipment, forcing healthcare workers to reuse N95 masks which poses risks. UVGI sterilization is effective but expensive commercial equipment is not accessible to all. Idle UV-C bulbs in biosafety cabinets at universities and research facilities can be repurposed for on-site, low-cost UVGI systems for N95 sterilization. The design is scalable, easily mod","qid":18,"docid":"hddseyd8","rank":92,"score":7.1417999267578125},{"content":"A study compared the effectiveness of medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in suppressing respiratory droplet levels in a bedroom and a car with air conditioning, using volunteers with influenza or suspected COVID-19. No significant difference was found in particle concentrations or cough\/sneeze counts between the two mask types in both environments. The study suggested that cotton masks could be a viable alternative for medical masks for respiratory infection patients in microenvironments with","qid":18,"docid":"1w0dd54t","rank":93,"score":7.138199806213379},{"content":"A study compared the effectiveness of medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in suppressing respiratory droplet levels in a bedroom and a car with air conditioning, using volunteers with influenza or suspected COVID-19. No significant difference was found in particle concentrations or cough\/sneeze counts between the two mask types in both environments. The study suggested that cotton masks could be a viable alternative for medical masks for respiratory infection patients in microenvironments with","qid":18,"docid":"91zxeqwy","rank":94,"score":7.1381988525390625},{"content":"A rapid systematic review suggests that nasopharyngeal washes with hypertonic saline may help prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, by reducing symptoms, transmission, and viral shedding. However, more randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate its role and mechanism in COVID-19.","qid":18,"docid":"c2nkp1gq","rank":95,"score":7.1269001960754395},{"content":"A study of 8158 Chinese adults during the late stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in China found that those with positive attitudes, risk perceptions, and high knowledge levels were more likely to adopt non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as hand washing, proper coughing, social distancing, and mask wearing. The study also found that not practicing these NPIs increased the risk of COVID-19 infection. Specifically, not washing hands","qid":18,"docid":"xj7xxxpd","rank":96,"score":7.1230998039245605},{"content":"This rapid qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers' adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases. The review included 20 studies exploring the experiences of nurses, doctors, and other healthcare workers dealing with various respiratory diseases, such as SARS, H1N1, MERS, tuberculosis, and seasonal influenza. Healthcare workers faced challenges in adher","qid":18,"docid":"5fcvpvgf","rank":97,"score":7.117199897766113},{"content":"This rapid qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers' adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases. The review included 20 studies exploring the experiences of nurses, doctors, and other healthcare workers dealing with various respiratory diseases, such as SARS, H1N1, MERS, tuberculosis, and seasonal influenza. Healthcare workers faced challenges in adher","qid":18,"docid":"yxtyufhi","rank":98,"score":7.117198944091797},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential unintended consequences of mask mandates. While masks are seen as a low-cost solution to prevent transmission, there have been concerns about the opportunity cost of using medical masks, leading to recommendations for cloth masks and other coverings. However, relying too heavily on masks and neglecting other effective measures, such as staying home, could result in increased transmission. The passage uses data from SafeGraph to","qid":18,"docid":"1c3fpazy","rank":99,"score":7.117000102996826},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to a significant increase in hospitalizations for respiratory illness. This review discusses the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily through respiratory droplets during close contact. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, with radiographic and laboratory","qid":18,"docid":"5hei9fac","rank":100,"score":7.1132001876831055}]}
{"query":"what type of hand sanitizer is needed to destroy Covid-19?","hits":[{"content":"The passage is a review summarizing the background, methods, results, and conclusions of studies on the effectiveness of hand sanitizers against coronaviruses, specifically SARS-CoV-2. The review notes the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of hand hygiene for reducing transmission. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective against enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, and both gel and foam sanitizers can","qid":19,"docid":"y777xosr","rank":1,"score":12.068400382995605},{"content":"Alcohol-based antiseptics are effective in rapidly destroying some pathogens on lightly soiled hands without the need for water or drying. However, their effectiveness depends on the amount of soil present. Workers should wash hands before using antiseptics and\/or wearing gloves. Alcohol-based compounds are most effective against gram-negative bacteria on lightly soiled hands, while antimicrobial soaps are better for heavily contaminated hands. Instant san","qid":19,"docid":"1lx84td6","rank":2,"score":11.550100326538086},{"content":"The European Task Force on Contact Dermatitis warns about the increased risk of skin reactions due to frequent hand washing and use of alcohol-based sanitizers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Healthcare workers, who wear PPE and follow additional preventive measures, are at higher risk. According to a study by Lin et al, 74% of healthcare workers in Wuhan reported skin reactions, including dryness, papules, erythema, and maceration","qid":19,"docid":"gfyup5aj","rank":3,"score":10.55720043182373},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for hand sanitizers has resulted in a shortage and an increase in falsified alcohol-based sanitizers. These products may contain methanol or have alcohol concentrations below the required 60%. Regulatory and public health bodies should ensure the safety and quality of antimicrobial products like hand sanitizers throughout their lifecycle.","qid":19,"docid":"20ipkh78","rank":4,"score":10.516300201416016},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for hand sanitizers has resulted in a shortage and an increase in falsified alcohol-based sanitizers. These products may contain methanol or have alcohol concentrations below the required 60%. Regulatory and public health bodies should ensure the safety and quality of antimicrobial products like hand sanitizers throughout their lifecycle.","qid":19,"docid":"uhhk4t7f","rank":5,"score":10.5162992477417},{"content":"This passage discusses the importance of hand hygiene during pandemic outbreaks and the effectiveness of hand sanitizers, particularly alcohol-based formulations, in interrupting the transmission chain of viruses. The review will investigate various hand sanitizer types and forms, focusing on alcohol-based ones containing 62-95% alcohol for their ability to denature microbial proteins and inactivate viruses. The article also explores the formulation aspects, adverse effects,","qid":19,"docid":"d26y5291","rank":6,"score":10.340999603271484},{"content":"This passage discusses the importance of hand hygiene during pandemic outbreaks and the effectiveness of hand sanitizers, particularly alcohol-based formulations, in interrupting the transmission chain of viruses. The review will investigate various hand sanitizer types and forms, focusing on alcohol-based ones containing 62-95% alcohol for their ability to denature microbial proteins and inactivate viruses. The article also explores the formulation aspects, adverse effects,","qid":19,"docid":"i0ll585x","rank":7,"score":10.340998649597168},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, alcohol sanitizers have become essential for hand hygiene. However, their frequent use can lead to skin dryness and flaking. It is crucial to closely monitor the quality control of alcohol concentrations and hand rub formulations to ensure effectiveness in this crisis.","qid":19,"docid":"hx8c0mxj","rank":8,"score":10.292200088500977},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, regular use of alcohol sanitizers for hand hygiene has become necessary but can lead to skin dryness. The quality control of alcohol concentrations and hand rub formulation in sanitizers requires increased attention for effective use in this crisis.","qid":19,"docid":"z6cda4o2","rank":9,"score":10.29219913482666},{"content":"The passage discusses the objective of finding alternative methods for hand washing and disinfecting surfaces in low-resource settings where access to water and soap, as well as alcohol-based sanitizers, is limited. The study explores the use of various materials such as sand, soil, ash, soda ash, seawater, alkaline materials, and sunlight as potential alternatives. The mechanisms of action of these alternative wash methods on both surfaces and at a cellular level are identified","qid":19,"docid":"nl55rm8o","rank":10,"score":9.941200256347656},{"content":"The passage discusses the objective of finding alternative methods for hand washing and disinfecting surfaces in low-resource settings where access to water, soap, and alcohol-based sanitizers is limited during the coronavirus pandemic. The study reviewed various alternatives such as sand, soil, ash, soda ash, seawater, alkaline materials, and sunlight. The mechanisms of these alternative wash methods on both surfaces and at a cellular level were identified. The use of these locally available","qid":19,"docid":"ojh3vgrb","rank":11,"score":9.94119930267334},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, for which no medication or vaccine is currently available, is causing a drastic increase in infection rates worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends frequent hand hygiene using alcohol-based hand sanitizers as a preventive measure. However, these sanitizers, which contain ethanol, isopropyl alcohols, and hydrogen peroxides, can be toxic to humans and the environment if misused. They can release harmful","qid":19,"docid":"eevs62xf","rank":12,"score":9.915900230407715},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, for which no medication or vaccine is currently available, has led to a drastic increase in infections worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends frequent hand hygiene using alcohol-based hand sanitizers as a preventive measure. However, these sanitizers, which contain ethanol, isopropyl alcohols, and hydrogen peroxides, can be toxic to humans and the environment when misused. They can cause","qid":19,"docid":"hma2kvn2","rank":13,"score":9.915899276733398},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the frequent use of hand sanitizers for hygiene purposes. While effective, the increased use and aerosols generated pose a risk to the skin and mucosal surfaces, particularly the eyes. Alcohol in sanitizers can cause allergic or inflammatory responses, leading to a condition called Sanitizer Aerosol-Driven Ocular Surface Disease (SADOSD). This article discusses the risks","qid":19,"docid":"yjg54yyk","rank":14,"score":9.821599960327148},{"content":"A large school-based clinical trial on the effect of hand sanitizer use on asthma exacerbations in elementary-age children was redesigned due to safety concerns about the hand sanitizer's active ingredient, unavailability of a substitute placebo, and changes in community hand hygiene practices. The revised trial is a randomized, longitudinal, community-based crossover study evaluating the incremental effectiveness of a two-step hand","qid":19,"docid":"1zzyfmkb","rank":15,"score":9.783499717712402},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the risk of alcohol absorption from hand sanitizers during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in relation to disulfiram treatment. The study found that while significant amounts of alcohol can be inhaled when using hand sanitizers in confined spaces, absorption through the skin alone does not occur in pharmacologically significant quantities. Therefore, warnings about alcohol absorption from hand sanitizers and other products like perfumes, deodorants, and after-","qid":19,"docid":"adnd1odw","rank":16,"score":9.682299613952637},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the risk of alcohol absorption from hand sanitizers during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in relation to disulfiram treatment. The study found that while significant amounts of alcohol can be inhaled when using hand sanitizers in confined spaces, absorption through the skin alone does not occur in pharmacologically significant quantities. Therefore, warnings about alcohol absorption from hand sanitizers and other products like perfumes, deodorants, and after-","qid":19,"docid":"ld141phd","rank":17,"score":9.68229866027832},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene regulations have been strengthened, leading to an increase in hand washing, disinfection, and use of hand cream among healthcare workers (HCWs) at a single surgical center and a COVID-19 intensive care unit. The study found that 90.4% of HCWs experienced symptoms of acute hand dermatitis, but only 14.9% reported hand eczema.","qid":19,"docid":"0k4k95q7","rank":18,"score":9.571700096130371},{"content":"A study was conducted among 114 healthcare workers (HCWs) at a surgical site and a COVID-19 intensive care unit in Germany to investigate the onset of hand eczema during the pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, hand hygiene has been intensified, leading to a significant increase in hand washing, disinfection, and use of hand cream among all participants. However, only 14.9% reported having hand e","qid":19,"docid":"hr5su8z3","rank":19,"score":9.541299819946289},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has left academia chemists seeking ways to contribute. A three-pronged approach is suggested: developing hand sanitizers, identifying drug candidates, and creating outreach content.","qid":19,"docid":"kuwargnp","rank":20,"score":9.413399696350098},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has left academia chemists seeking ways to contribute. A three-pronged approach is suggested: developing hand sanitizers, identifying drug candidates, and creating outreach content.","qid":19,"docid":"uqxl4xux","rank":21,"score":9.413398742675781},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial rinse-free hand sanitizers in reducing absenteeism due to communicable illness in North American elementary schools. Six studies were identified, two of which were randomized, but the quality of reporting was low and no pooled estimates could be calculated. All five published studies reported a significant difference in favor of the intervention. However, the evidence is of low quality, and further well-designed trials are","qid":19,"docid":"47ema2dq","rank":22,"score":9.300800323486328},{"content":"Viruses face a challenge when infecting cells as they must evade host responses meant to destroy them. Apoptosis, a cellular response to viral infection aimed at limiting viral amplification, poses a significant threat. Some viruses have developed strategies to manipulate apoptosis by expressing proteins targeted by caspases, the key effectors of apoptotic cell death. Caspase cleavage of these proteins can inhibit, enhance, or attenu","qid":19,"docid":"3hxau5vt","rank":23,"score":9.292900085449219},{"content":"In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, frequent hand washing is an essential preventive measure against transmission. However, prolonged exposure to water and chemicals during hand washing can lead to hand dermatitis, including irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Symptoms include epidermal barrier disruption, impaired keratinocytes, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Individuals with a history of atopic dermat","qid":19,"docid":"irmwqjfh","rank":24,"score":9.283300399780273},{"content":"An exploratory observational study assessed compliance with COVID-19 prevention measures in 45 public transport stations in Accra, Ghana. Majority of stations had handwashing facilities but their number was inadequate. Frequent handwashing education and social distancing were rarely communicated or practiced. Hand sanitizers and face masks were largely unavailable, and social distancing was rarely observed. Compliance with measures was categorized as inadequate (","qid":19,"docid":"dyfvsxnz","rank":25,"score":9.03849983215332},{"content":"The passage discusses the health risks posed by viral infections and the limitations of current prevention methods, such as hand washing and sanitizers, which have concerns regarding effectiveness, toxicity, and environmental impact. The article suggests that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its lipophilic derivatives, found in the tea plant, could be a novel approach for preventing viral infections due to their broad effectiveness, long-last","qid":19,"docid":"xa95ubvs","rank":26,"score":8.925800323486328},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the effect of three household interventions - education, education with alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and education with hand sanitizer and face masks - on the incidence and secondary transmission of upper respiratory infections (URIs) and influenza, as well as knowledge of URIs transmission and vaccination rates. The study involved 509 primarily Hispanic households and recorded 5034 URIs, of which 66","qid":19,"docid":"7agyp81c","rank":27,"score":8.913900375366211},{"content":"A hand sanitizer was developed using snow fungus extract, with a stable base containing 66.5% ethanol and 0.3% triclosan. The preparation containing 10% snow mushroom extract and 0.3% gelling agent received the highest preference from volunteers. The snow mushroom hand sanitizer was non-irritating and significantly more moisturizing than the placebo. Its anti-septic efficacy was","qid":19,"docid":"3tlpyw4s","rank":28,"score":8.846199989318848},{"content":"A hand sanitizer was developed using snow fungus extract in an alcohol-based gel formula. The preferred base was identified and incorporated with varying concentrations of snow mushroom extract. The formulation was tested on 20 human volunteers and found to be non-irritating and more moisturizing than the placebo. The snow mushroom hand sanitizer was equally effective in terms of antimicrobial properties compared to the placebo. The study concludes that the","qid":19,"docid":"u7pflnxk","rank":29,"score":8.846199035644531},{"content":"This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy of hand sanitizers with hand washing using soap and water in removing foodborne pathogens from food handlers' hands. An extensive search of three databases resulted in 28 studies. While some evidence supports the use of hand sanitizers for bacterial inactivation, their efficacy against nonenveloped viruses is lower. Soap and water are more effective for removing soil and microorganisms. The presence of","qid":19,"docid":"zyw3bpbr","rank":30,"score":8.7475004196167},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of interventions in increasing hand-hygiene behavior among university students in a cafeteria. Observations included the number of students using hand-sanitizer and entering restrooms to wash hands. Interventions included an informational poster, hand-sanitizer dispenser, and a change agent. Results showed that the hand-sanitizer dispenser significantly increased hand-hygiene behavior from 1.52% to over","qid":19,"docid":"gjy7ydqu","rank":31,"score":8.679300308227539},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 caused unexpected disruptions and changes in people's lives, with a potential resurgence expected in the fall. Drug shortages due to the pandemic have led to requests for pharmacies to compound items such as hand sanitizers, hydroxychloroquine suspensions, and solutions for N95 mask testing. Commercial supplies of lopinavir\/ritonavir oral liquid are in short supply and may","qid":19,"docid":"4qzunyly","rank":32,"score":8.629199981689453},{"content":"Pharmacies across the US are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic by compounding essential items in short supply, such as hand sanitizers, hydroxychloroquine suspension, and saccharin solutions for N95 mask testing. Commercial supplies of lopinavir\/ritonavir oral liquid are also in shortage and may need to be compounded. Pharmacists are emerging as first-line responders during this crisis.","qid":19,"docid":"w5ii5rq7","rank":33,"score":8.629199028015137},{"content":"This study investigates the impact of surfactants, specifically sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLS), on the virucidal efficiency of sanitizing fluids against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The addition of surfactants increased the evaporation time and enhanced the virucidal efficiency by 15-27%. Not","qid":19,"docid":"0qfoc553","rank":34,"score":8.612199783325195},{"content":"A study conducted during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US examined factors influencing the purchase of safety and health care products. The results of a cross-sectional study (N = 344) revealed that individuals with uncertainty about having a COVID-19 risk factor and higher levels of worry were more likely to engage in preparatory purchasing. Gender also moderated the relationship between worry and purchasing, with men showing increased product purchasing when initially low in worry.","qid":19,"docid":"h1x55p2v","rank":35,"score":8.593000411987305},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak, with over 2 million confirmed cases and 150,000 deaths as of April 18, 2020, is a global health emergency. The disease, which has a 3.4% fatality rate, is surface-to-surface communicable and currently lacks an effective antiviral drug or approved vaccine. Preventive measures are the only way to combat COVID-19, as shown by the","qid":19,"docid":"qud4bj12","rank":36,"score":8.526800155639648},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak, with over 2 million confirmed cases and 150,000 deaths as of April 18, 2020, is a global health emergency. The disease, which has a 3.4% fatality rate, is highly contagious and currently lacks an effective antiviral drug or vaccine. Preventive measures are the only way to combat COVID-19, as shown by the successful control of the S","qid":19,"docid":"xfwseuxu","rank":37,"score":8.526799201965332},{"content":"The study aimed to examine the relationship between hand-washing education and self-reported hand-washing behaviors among Korean adults during the MERS-CoV outbreak. The results showed that individuals who received hand-washing education or saw promotional materials had higher scores for self-reported use of soap or sanitizer and frequency of hand washing. Older adults, women, and lower income earners showed greater behavior change. The effect of education on soap use was similar in M","qid":19,"docid":"xsfolppr","rank":38,"score":8.44890022277832},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic poses challenges to ensuring food safety and limiting its spread in the food service and retail sector. Food items can be contaminated during operational steps if handlers do not follow precautions such as hand hygiene, sanitization, and social distancing. While food itself is not a transmission route, improper sanitization and close contact between handlers and customers can put both at risk. Proper hand hygiene, approved sanitizers and disin","qid":19,"docid":"j7jy3va4","rank":39,"score":8.448899269104004},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges and considerations for addressing COVID-19 in informal urban settlements, where population density and inadequate access to water and sanitation make standard prevention measures difficult. The text emphasizes the importance of engaging local residents, leaders, and community-based groups in developing locally appropriate control strategies. It also highlights the need for balancing public health interventions with social and economic considerations, and avoiding stigmatization and unrealistic regulations. Priorities for","qid":19,"docid":"znlnqs2k","rank":40,"score":8.416799545288086},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, specifically handwashing with soap and water, in preventing the spread of COVID-19. The author acknowledges global efforts to control the pandemic and discusses the challenges faced by WASH services in middle- and low-income countries. Suggestions are provided to strengthen these services during the COVID-19 pandemic.","qid":19,"docid":"5uc76djv","rank":41,"score":8.40999984741211},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 and quickly spread into a pandemic with over 3 million cases by April 2020. Effective disinfection is crucial due to the virus's high infectivity rate. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend good hand hygiene, including handwashing and sanitizing with alcohol-based products. However, they caution against using sanitizers","qid":19,"docid":"9ksiyyqe","rank":42,"score":8.398599624633789},{"content":"A study examining the correlation between COVID-19 fatalities and access to safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) services in Sub-Saharan Africa found a strong negative correlation between poor access to safe water and sanitation and higher COVID-19 fatality rates. The Pearson correlation was stronger for access to safe sanitation (-0.30) compared to access to safe drinking water (-0.20). Countries with the highest COVID-1","qid":19,"docid":"cdbiphrr","rank":43,"score":8.345800399780273},{"content":"A study was conducted in the COVID-19 isolation ward of a hospital in Milan, Italy, to evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the air and on surfaces. Out of 42 samples collected in contaminated, semi-contaminated, and clean areas, 24.3% tested positive. The positivity rate was higher in contaminated (35.0%) and semi-contaminated (50.0","qid":19,"docid":"xu46bduc","rank":44,"score":8.302300453186035},{"content":"During the CoViD-19 pandemic, there is a high demand for hand sanitisers to maintain adequate hygiene and prevent infection spread in public places and healthcare institutions. However, the surge in demand has led to shortages and an increase in substandard products, raising safety concerns. This article provides a critical review of hand sanitisation approaches and available products on the market based on scientific evidence. It also offers hand sanitiser formulations and manufacturing instructions for community and hospital pharm","qid":19,"docid":"d6v5mkj7","rank":45,"score":8.161199569702148},{"content":"During the CoViD-19 pandemic, there is a high demand for hand sanitisers to maintain adequate hygiene and prevent infection spread in public places and healthcare institutions. However, the surge in demand has led to shortages and an increase in substandard products, raising safety concerns. This article provides a critical review of hand sanitisation approaches and available products on the market based on scientific evidence. It also suggests hand sanitiser formulations and manufacturing instructions for community and hospital pharm","qid":19,"docid":"rv2akbj8","rank":46,"score":8.161198616027832},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the installation of walkthrough sanitization gates to disinfect passersby and prevent cross infection. However, there is no clinical evidence supporting their effectiveness against COVID-19, and their use raises public health concerns. Disinfectant chemicals used in these gates can cause eye and skin irritation, bronchospasm, nausea, and vomiting. Health authorities advise against their use and recommend focusing on other preventive measures like social","qid":19,"docid":"b5xae518","rank":47,"score":8.130900382995605},{"content":"Nine commonly used disinfectants were tested for their virucidal efficacy against avian metapneumovirus, avian influenza virus, and Newcastle disease virus on a nonporous surface. Phenolic compounds and glutaraldehyde were the most effective against all three viruses. Quaternary ammonium compounds were effective against aMPV but not against the other two viruses. Three hand sanitizers were evaluated on human","qid":19,"docid":"lbu2xbqh","rank":48,"score":7.966100215911865},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak in Alsace, France, particularly in Haut-Rhin, there was a shortage of alcohol-based hand sanitizer in a 1,400-bed hospital. In response, the hospital management team asked staff to produce handrub locally. This required implementing production within a week, adhering to French guidelines, using qualified staff and equipment, and having a pharmacist oversee the process. The biggest challenge was sourcing raw","qid":19,"docid":"p5hvf569","rank":49,"score":7.928199768066406},{"content":"The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of preventing the spread of COVID-19 through regular hand cleaning, avoiding touching the face, and social distancing. A key measure in containing the spread is testing, specifically conducting real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) tests for diagnosing COVID-19, with the capability to test up to 2000 samples per day. The laboratory also engages in virus culturing","qid":19,"docid":"fjiffj86","rank":50,"score":7.9166998863220215},{"content":"This passage discusses a study evaluating the effectiveness of different types of full-body PPE, donning and doffing methods, and training methods in reducing contamination and infection risk for healthcare workers (HCW) exposed to highly infectious diseases. The study included 24 studies with 2278 participants, and the results suggest that a powered, air-purifying respirator with a coverall may offer better protection against contamination but is more difficult to don.","qid":19,"docid":"e9kroam2","rank":51,"score":7.897799968719482},{"content":"This passage discusses a review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of various types of personal protective equipment (PPE) and methods of donning and doffing in reducing contamination and infection among healthcare workers (HCW) exposed to highly infectious diseases. The review included 24 studies with 2278 participants, and found that a powered, air-purifying respirator with a coverall may protect against contamination better than an N95 mask and gown but is","qid":19,"docid":"how1mfvf","rank":52,"score":7.897799015045166},{"content":"This passage discusses a study evaluating the effectiveness of different types of full-body PPE, donning and doffing methods, and training methods in reducing contamination and infection risk for healthcare workers (HCW) exposed to highly infectious diseases. The study included 24 studies with 2278 participants, of which 14 were randomized controlled trials. The findings suggest that a powered, air-purifying respirator with a coverall may protect against cont","qid":19,"docid":"kmb6128p","rank":53,"score":7.89779806137085},{"content":"This passage discusses a study evaluating the effectiveness of different types of personal protective equipment (PPE), donning and doffing methods, and training methods in reducing contamination and infection among healthcare workers (HCW) exposed to highly infectious diseases. The study included 24 studies with 2278 participants, of which 14 were randomized controlled trials. The findings suggest that a powered, air-purifying respirator with a coverall may offer better protection","qid":19,"docid":"qkntdq8q","rank":54,"score":7.897797107696533},{"content":"A study analyzed reports from Adult and Pediatric ICUs of a Rio de Janeiro hospital in 2016 and 2017 to assess hand hygiene practices among health professionals. The study found that hand hygiene compliance was higher in Pediatric ICUs than in Adult ICUs. Proper hand hygiene was less common among the medical team compared to the nursing team, and others had a lower chance as well. The moment \"after contact with the","qid":19,"docid":"56ibvpfy","rank":55,"score":7.877699851989746},{"content":"A study analyzed reports from Adult and Pediatric ICUs of a Rio de Janeiro hospital in 2016 and 2017 to assess hand hygiene practices among health professionals. The results showed that hand hygiene compliance was higher in Pediatric ICUs than in Adult ICUs. Nursing teams had better hand hygiene practices than medical teams and other staff. The moment \"after contact with the patient\" had a much higher likelihood of hand hy","qid":19,"docid":"xga0lncp","rank":56,"score":7.87769889831543},{"content":"The passage discusses the effects of pronase and bromelain on the surface glycoproteins of bovine coronavirus (Mebus strain). Pronase destroyed gp140, gp120, gp100, reduced gp26, and eliminated the virus's hemagglutinating activity. In contrast, bromelain destroyed gp120, gp100, and gp26","qid":19,"docid":"h6vwbldi","rank":57,"score":7.858399868011475},{"content":"A hospital experienced a significant increase in the use of personal protective equipment, including surgical masks and N95 respirators, as well as the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer and soap during a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak. Hand hygiene compliance rates also increased. The monthly added cost for infection control items was $16,400.","qid":19,"docid":"mcmazu1v","rank":58,"score":7.837399959564209},{"content":"This chapter discusses advancements and needs in sanitation for developing countries, focusing on low-income areas. It covers pollutant types, origins, and treatment options, and presents basic sanitation, wastewater treatment, and water reuse alternatives for rural and urban areas with water scarcity. The text also addresses policy development, costs, and funding to meet Millennium Development Goals, and emphasizes the importance of sustainable, affordable, and gradually implementable solutions.","qid":19,"docid":"xxov2x33","rank":59,"score":7.799200057983398},{"content":"This study examined the ecological association between hand hygiene practices and tuberculosis (TB) risk in Korea using data from the 2015 Community Health Survey and the National Infective Diseases Surveillance System. Frequent hand washing after using the restroom, returning from outdoors, and with soap or hand sanitizer were negatively associated with TB incidence and mortality at the community level. These findings suggest that promoting hand hygiene","qid":19,"docid":"wva4rc56","rank":60,"score":7.798799991607666},{"content":"The National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) helped evacuate Japanese residents from Hubei Province, China during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak. Five charter flights were dispatched, and most returnees (95.7%) were handled at NCGM. Over 300 personnel participated, including medical staff, clerical staff, and laboratory technicians. Airborne and contact precautions were taken, and","qid":19,"docid":"8jn7ph8g","rank":61,"score":7.7846999168396},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by flow physics in various ways, including the production and aerosolization of virus-carrying respiratory droplets, their airborne dissemination and deposition on surfaces, and the inhalation of these bioaerosols by individuals. Fluid dynamics is also crucial for preventative measures like mask usage, hand-washing, indoor ventilation, and social distancing. This article discusses current knowledge and highlights the need for","qid":19,"docid":"7is71518","rank":62,"score":7.7820000648498535},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through fecal matter in areas with inadequate water and sanitation, specifically focusing on densely populated cities in Nigeria and other African and Asian settings. SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, can be shed in stool and has been detected in wastewater during outbreaks. In the absence of safely managed sanitation, groundwater can become contaminated with","qid":19,"docid":"ibohbjfb","rank":63,"score":7.779300212860107},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, hospitals were significant sources of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for healthcare workers, patients, and visitors. A study collected 626 surface swabs from Zhongnan Medical Center and detected SARS-CoV-2 RNAs using reverse transcription-PCR. The most contaminated zones were intensive care units and obstetric isolation wards, with the most contaminated objects being","qid":19,"docid":"swspqrrk","rank":64,"score":7.588900089263916},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, hospitals were significant sources of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for healthcare workers, patients, and visitors. A study was conducted at Zhongnan Medical Center, collecting 626 surface swabs from various zones, objects, and PPE. The intensive care unit, Obstetric Isolation Ward, and Isolation Ward for novel coronavirus pneumonia had the highest contamination rates (31.","qid":19,"docid":"txtrbqxj","rank":65,"score":7.5888991355896},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic poses a significant threat to sub-Saharan African (SSAn) rural communities, particularly in regards to access to clean water, sanitary systems, and hand-washing facilities. Decades of government neglect have left many SSAn nations in a water crisis, making it difficult to separate water, health, livelihood, and the economy. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) aimed to improve living and health conditions, but progress was","qid":19,"docid":"jdkikd29","rank":66,"score":7.538300037384033},{"content":"A cross-sectional social media survey was conducted from March 14-April 1, 2020, to examine the impact of shelter-in-place orders on social distancing, difficulties with daily activities, and concern regarding COVID-19 in the San Francisco Bay Area and the US. The results showed an increase in social distancing behavior (9.2% in the Bay Area and 3.4% elsewhere) and difficulties obtaining food, hand sanit","qid":19,"docid":"24xxj8q8","rank":67,"score":7.530900001525879},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on public responses to the first reported COVID-19 case in a state using internet search data. The findings reveal an immediate increase in searches for coronavirus-related information but a short-lived elevated level of attention. Searches for community policies and personal health strategies did not show an immediate response. The study's early period in the epidemic is noted as encouraging, with further analysis planned to track evolving patterns of responses to subsequent public information","qid":19,"docid":"gtmpd7t0","rank":68,"score":7.509799957275391},{"content":"A multicenter case-control study in 36 Spanish hospitals in 2010 investigated the effectiveness of hand hygiene in preventing influenza hospitalizations. The study found that frequent handwashing (5-10 times and >10 times) and handwashing after contact with contaminated surfaces were protective factors, reducing the risk by 35% and 35% respectively (adjusted odds ratios of 0.65 and 0.","qid":19,"docid":"706bf8qr","rank":69,"score":7.502399921417236},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 6.6 million cases and 392,000 deaths worldwide as of June 2020. In Africa, there have been 152,000 cases and 4,300 deaths. The five countries with the most cases are South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, and Ghana. Africa's lower number of cases is due to inadequate health systems, limited","qid":19,"docid":"h3czhqtt","rank":70,"score":7.495800018310547},{"content":"The passage discusses the increasing threat of infectious diseases in home and community settings, and the role of hand hygiene in reducing transmission. The report focuses on developed countries and evaluates the use of handwashing and alcohol-based sanitizers. Key conclusions include hand hygiene's effectiveness in reducing gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin infections, the use of products and procedures for maximum log reduction of bacteria and viruses, and the importance of correct","qid":19,"docid":"lyewg2c9","rank":71,"score":7.493100166320801},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 6.6 million people worldwide with over 392,000 deaths as of June 6, 2020. In Africa, there have been over 152,000 confirmed cases and 4,300 deaths as of June 2, 2020. The five countries with the most cases are South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, and Ghana. Africa","qid":19,"docid":"juvmabdq","rank":72,"score":7.471399784088135},{"content":"The passage compares the hemagglutinating, receptor-destroying, and acetylesterase activities of avirulent and virulent bovine coronavirus (BCV) strains. The avirulent BCV-L9 strain and five wild-type, virulent strains had hemagglutinating and acetylesterase functions, as well as a 124 kDa glycoprotein. BCV-L9 and","qid":19,"docid":"tycuoslv","rank":73,"score":7.409900188446045},{"content":"The passage discusses the shift towards competency-based medical education (CBME) and how the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating this change. Medical education currently focuses on predefined abilities and outcomes, but training remains time-based. The pandemic is disrupting educational and clinical environments, and there may not be enough workforce to respond to community needs. This presents an opportunity to reconsider time-based training and embrace CBME to accelerate entry into the workforce. Some medical","qid":19,"docid":"ovef7ff1","rank":74,"score":7.404399871826172},{"content":"Cold plasma technology, specifically atmospheric pressure cold plasma, is effective in eliminating pathogenic micro-organisms. Two devices, a microwave-based pencil-like device and a larger RF plasma-based device, were modified and tested against Aeromonas bacteria and its bacteriophage. The microwave device destroyed the bacteria and bacteriophage from a 6 cm distance in 2 minutes, while the larger RF device achieved similar results in a larger","qid":19,"docid":"6e8lti9a","rank":75,"score":7.360300064086914},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges for healthcare workers, administrators, and policymakers, with pharmacotherapeutics and pharmacy practice being relevant to the care of older people during this time. The following news items provide initial awareness of concepts related to face mask effectiveness, hand sanitizer shortages, and rapid medication therapy trials. A thorough analysis is encouraged for a comprehensive understanding.","qid":19,"docid":"uhip2tim","rank":76,"score":7.3024001121521},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges for healthcare workers, administrators, and policymakers, with pharmacotherapeutics and pharmacy practice being relevant to the care of older people during this time. The following news items provide initial awareness of concepts related to face mask effectiveness, hand sanitizer shortages, and rapid medication therapy trials. However, they should not replace thorough analysis of these issues.","qid":19,"docid":"zx5e92ur","rank":77,"score":7.302399158477783},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the public's information-seeking responses to the first announcement of COVID-19 cases in a state. The study used an event study framework for all US states and found that such news led to an immediate increase in searches for \"coronavirus,\" coronavirus symptoms, and hand sanitizer. However, this elevated level of attention decreased back to the baseline level within a week or two. The study also noted that searches for community","qid":19,"docid":"0m4nkufg","rank":78,"score":7.260700225830078},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the public's information-seeking responses to the first announcement of COVID-19 cases in a state. The study used an event study framework for all US states and found that such news led to an immediate increase in collective attention, as indicated by a 36% increase in searches for \"coronavirus\" and related terms. However, this heightened interest decreased back to baseline levels within a week or two. The study also noted that","qid":19,"docid":"3rsbtrzh","rank":79,"score":7.260699272155762},{"content":"This study aimed to analyze the relationship between public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures and the timeliness of stay-at-home orders issued by governors. Using Google Trends data for search volume related to hand sanitizer, hand washing, social distancing, and COVID testing, the researchers found a negative correlation between average preventive measure interest and the length of time before a SAH order was issued (-0.47). Additionally, there was an inverse relationship between","qid":19,"docid":"3n5ibzri","rank":80,"score":7.256800174713135},{"content":"This study aimed to analyze the relationship between public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures and the timeliness of stay-at-home orders issued by governors. Using Google Trends data for search volume related to hand sanitizer, hand washing, social distancing, and COVID testing, the researchers found a negative correlation between average preventive measure interest and the length of time before a SAH order was issued (-0.47). Additionally, there was an inverse relationship between","qid":19,"docid":"uojx65oh","rank":81,"score":7.256799221038818},{"content":"The passage suggests that universal mask use, along with hand hygiene and social distancing, is crucial in reducing the transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals. In the context of children, it is important to prepare them for mask use and explain the reasons behind it without forcing compliance. The availability of properly fitting masks and educational efforts from parents and schools are essential for successful implementation. The new information presented includes the necessity of mask use in children when they","qid":19,"docid":"471z07ac","rank":82,"score":7.201900005340576},{"content":"In India, non-cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension (NCIPH) is commonly caused by unexplained enteropathy, which can be triggered by small intestinal bacterial contamination, tropical enteropathy, and groundwater contaminated with arsenic. These environmental factors lead to inflammatory stimuli, activation of the endothelium, and platelet plugging in portal microcirculation. NCIPH,","qid":19,"docid":"4c7nal02","rank":83,"score":7.1905999183654785},{"content":"A web survey was conducted among healthcare workers in North-East India during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess the efficacy of their use of PPE. The response rate was 66.75%. While most respondents rated the hospital's control measures highly, nearly 40% did not use PPE, and only about half wore goggles\/face shields and shoe-covers. However, nearly all used surgical masks, disposable gloves,","qid":19,"docid":"vsrblj3x","rank":84,"score":7.174499988555908},{"content":"The Coronavirus epidemic and other communicable diseases can push millions of people into poverty due to healthcare resource shortages, lack of sanitation, and population compactness. A study using data from 76 countries from 2010-2019 found that communicable diseases, chemical-induced carbon and fossil fuel combustion, and lack of access to hand washing facilities increase poverty headcounts. Healthcare expenditures decrease poverty headcounts","qid":19,"docid":"5rzg9iwi","rank":85,"score":7.156700134277344},{"content":"The Coronavirus epidemic and other communicable diseases can push millions of people into poverty due to healthcare resource shortages, lack of sanitation, and population compactness. A study using data from 76 countries from 2010-2019 found that communicable diseases, chemical-induced carbon and fossil fuel combustion, and lack of access to hand washing facilities increase poverty headcounts. Healthcare expenditures decrease poverty headcounts","qid":19,"docid":"zex9rw7n","rank":86,"score":7.156699180603027},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women and the unanswered questions regarding their susceptibility and transmission of the virus. Guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been developed based on available evidence, but more information is needed to make key decisions such as special considerations for pregnant healthcare workers and breastfeeding. Current recommendations include avoiding contact with ill persons, frequent hand","qid":19,"docid":"8patrxld","rank":87,"score":7.091000080108643},{"content":"The passage discusses the environmental risks associated with the use of animal manure and biosolids in agriculture, specifically the presence of human and animal pathogens. These compounds are not effectively eliminated during sewage treatment and end up in biosolids and livestock manure, which are then used on agricultural land. Proper sanitation of animal excrements is necessary to prevent the spread of diseases while preserving the manure's composition for agricultural use.","qid":19,"docid":"mm2o6kr1","rank":88,"score":7.087100028991699},{"content":"A study explores the sex differences in COVID-19 patients, with men having a higher risk of severe cases and higher fatality rates. Factors such as hormonal levels and immune functions are considered in understanding these differences. The study reviews reports on how sex affects ACE2, a key component in COVID-19 pathogenesis, and summarizes gender differences in immune responses and the role of sex hormones in immune processes. Additionally, the study examines available data on the","qid":19,"docid":"sgw0iaz4","rank":89,"score":7.054200172424316},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential effects of pioglitazone on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who contract COVID-19. Pioglitazone may have a dual role in COVID-19, increasing the risk of infection due to its upregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is used by the virus to enter cells, but also potentially protecting against acute lung injury by reducing","qid":19,"docid":"q1ai1ilp","rank":90,"score":7.041900157928467},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential effects of pioglitazone on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have COVID-19. Pioglitazone may have a dual role in COVID-19 as it can increase the risk of infection due to upregulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is used by the virus to enter cells. However, it can also protect against acute lung injury","qid":19,"docid":"y3489g72","rank":91,"score":7.04189920425415},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic, known as COVID-19, has infected over 2.4 million people and resulted in over 165,000 deaths worldwide. Advanced healthcare systems in countries like Italy, USA, Spain, and France have helped control the infection to some extent. India, with an underdeveloped healthcare system and a large population following unhygienic practices, has been able to restrict the infection and death rate through early and strict social distancing measures, including","qid":19,"docid":"bsj7apol","rank":92,"score":7.041299819946289},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic, known as COVID-19, has infected over 2.4 million people worldwide, with over 165,000 fatalities. Advanced healthcare systems in countries like Italy, USA, Spain, and France have partially controlled the infection. India, with an underdeveloped healthcare system and unhygienic lifestyle, has successfully restricted infection and death rates through early and strict social distancing via lockdown and hand hygiene advisories. The global","qid":19,"docid":"nserrspn","rank":93,"score":7.041298866271973},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has infected over two million people as of April 2020. Itch is a common symptom in various diseases and its prevalence in COVID-19 patients is unknown. This paper reviews available literature on itch in COVID-19 patients and discusses aspects of itch not directly related to the viral infection, such as use of chemicals, hand sanitizers, personal protective equipment","qid":19,"docid":"1cwrgdef","rank":94,"score":7.041198253631592},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has infected over two million people as of April 2020. Itch is a common symptom in various diseases and its prevalence in COVID-19 patients is unknown. This paper reviews the literature on itch in COVID-19 patients and discusses aspects of itch not directly related to the viral infection, such as the use of chemicals, hand sanitizers,","qid":19,"docid":"4l5lqjtn","rank":95,"score":7.041197299957275},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak declared a global health emergency by WHO led to an increase in medical waste due to mask usage, gloves, and hand sanitizers. Millions were put on lockdown, causing extensive job losses, lifestyle changes, and business closures. Flights were canceled, and transport systems closed, resulting in a halt to economic activities and stock market drops. However, the lockdown improved air quality in some cities and reduced water pollution in certain areas due to decreased","qid":19,"docid":"j4hnldk4","rank":96,"score":7.041196346282959},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak declared a global health emergency by WHO led to an increase in medical waste due to mask usage, gloves, and hand sanitizer. Millions were put on lockdown, causing extensive job losses, lifestyle changes, and business closures. Flights were canceled, and transport systems closed, resulting in a halt to economic activities and stock market drops. However, the lockdown improved air quality in some cities and reduced water pollution in certain areas due to decreased","qid":19,"docid":"z59cvvkf","rank":97,"score":7.041195392608643},{"content":"COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus. Its causes, parameters, and effects are currently being studied by experts like Philippe Sansonetti, the Chief Editor of EMBO Molecular Medicine. The short- and long-term prospects of the epidemic depend on our actions. Sansonetti emphasizes that the fate of the pandemic is in our hands.","qid":19,"docid":"hf2m7imf","rank":98,"score":7.015900135040283},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in healthcare settings in Wuhan, China, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Six hundred twenty-six surface samples were collected from various environments in the Zhongnan Medical Center, including hospital function zones, major objects, and personal protection equipment (PPE). The most contaminated zones were the Intensive Care Unit for novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), Obstetric Is","qid":19,"docid":"rike3ukb","rank":99,"score":6.996200084686279},{"content":"Title: COVID-19: Understanding the Pandemic\n\nThis article discusses COVID-19, its causes, parameters, effects, and short- and long-term prospects. Philippe Sansonetti, an infectious disease specialist and Chief Editor of EMBO Molecular Medicine, emphasizes the importance of individual actions in managing the epidemic. No image description provided.","qid":19,"docid":"yoy3hj3j","rank":100,"score":6.990200042724609}]}
{"query":"what is the origin of COVID-19","hits":[{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is believed to be caused by a new zoonotic virus, SARS-CoV-2. Initial investigations suggest this origin.","qid":1,"docid":"dv9m19yk","rank":1,"score":7.285900115966797},{"content":"The passage discusses the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and its spread to over 200 countries. The virus is highly contagious and airway manipulations during anesthesia procedures may increase exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for providers and ICU team members. The article suggests ways to improve anesthetic safety through a review of current medical management and precautions to prevent","qid":1,"docid":"0paafp5j","rank":2,"score":6.214600086212158},{"content":"The passage discusses the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and its spread to over 200 countries. The virus is highly contagious and airway manipulations during anesthesia procedures may increase exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for providers and ICU team members. The article suggests ways to improve anesthetic safety through existing studies and emphasizes the importance of precautions to","qid":1,"docid":"96zsd27n","rank":3,"score":6.214599132537842},{"content":"The passage discusses the confusion and anxiety surrounding the coronavirus, officially named SARS-CoV-2, and the disease it causes, COVID-19. The author aims to address common questions about the virus's origin, transmission, disease causation, similarities to flu, and what a pandemic is. The abundance of conflicting information and conspiracy theories have increased public anxiety. The text promises to provide clear answers for a general audience.","qid":1,"docid":"hmvo5b0q","rank":4,"score":6.16349983215332},{"content":"The passage discusses the global threat of COVID-19, which had infected over 6.9 million people and caused over 400,000 deaths as of June 8, 2020. The first case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread to over 200 countries. With no approved cure, there are concerns about the disease's origin, first-line therapies,","qid":1,"docid":"1ij25a7u","rank":5,"score":5.838399887084961},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is uncertainty regarding the virus's origin, structure, testing, immunity, mask effectiveness, susceptibility, and death rate. Simultaneously, nursing journals have seen an epidemic of manuscripts on COVID-19, but the rejection rate is high.","qid":1,"docid":"5d7zien3","rank":6,"score":5.72599983215332},{"content":"A recent COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan city, China, poses public health challenges both in China and globally. The article summarizes that coronaviruses are a group of viruses causing illnesses in humans, with six known species associated with human diseases. Previous outbreaks and their countries of origin, along with the number of fatalities and case-fatality rates, are reported. Occupations at risk of contracting COVID-19, such as healthcare","qid":1,"docid":"xqqn1t4e","rank":7,"score":5.6616997718811035},{"content":"A narrative review summarizes the current state of research on COVID-19, the virus behind the global pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China. The discovery of the virus raised public health concerns due to its high transmission ability and increasing death toll. This review analyzed over 20 scientific articles using keywords like \"Coronavirus Outbreak\" and \"COVID-19\" to provide insights into the research available and recommend future studies. The results indicate that human-to-human transmission","qid":1,"docid":"fqs40ivc","rank":8,"score":5.650400161743164},{"content":"COVID-19, a zoonotic respiratory infection from Wuhan, China, has spread globally and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Doctors should look out for fever and cough in patients, with radiological features of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray and CT scans. Management includes oxygen supplementation, antibiotics, and careful fluid balancing. Various drugs are being tested in clinical trials.","qid":1,"docid":"iohvj16d","rank":9,"score":5.6381001472473145},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread globally with over 2.4 million recorded cases as of April 2020. Severe cases of COVID-19 are linked to an increased risk of thrombosis due to inflammation, cytokine storm, and lung injury. The exact number of thrombotic events in","qid":1,"docid":"dckuhrlf","rank":10,"score":5.628399848937988},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which had claimed over 137,000 lives as of April 2020, has prompted the global scientific community to focus on containing and stopping its spread. This requires collaboration among researchers and practitioners in various fields, raising questions about research priorities, coordination, and involvement. In a comparative bibliometric study of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, the present paper finds","qid":1,"docid":"h4vigeuy","rank":11,"score":5.621099948883057},{"content":"This article aims to review new pediatric lung disorders, including SARS, H1N1, MERS, EVALI, and COVID-19 pneumonia, to help radiologists recognize their characteristic imaging findings. Despite similar clinical symptoms, these disorders have distinct imaging appearances, which is crucial for optimal patient care.","qid":1,"docid":"18xs6375","rank":12,"score":5.537600040435791},{"content":"This article aims to familiarize radiologists with the imaging findings of various pediatric lung disorders, including SARS, H1N1, MERS, EVALI, and COVID-19 pneumonia. While the clinical symptoms of these conditions may be non-specific, distinctive imaging characteristics have been identified or are emerging, making it crucial for radiologists to stay informed for effective patient care.","qid":1,"docid":"sphk023v","rank":13,"score":5.537599086761475},{"content":"In late 2019, a mystery pneumonia-like illness emerged in Wuhan, China, leading to the discovery of the novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and COVID-19 by the WHO, causing the devastating pandemic.","qid":1,"docid":"fybo3ltn","rank":14,"score":5.504000186920166},{"content":"This article aims to clarify various claims and controversies regarding COVID-19, including the origin of the virus, the effect of ibuprofen and nicotine on severity, the role of fomites and ethnic minorities, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on children and mortality rates between countries.","qid":1,"docid":"41378qru","rank":15,"score":5.461999893188477},{"content":"This article aims to clarify various claims and controversies regarding COVID-19, covering topics such as the origin of the virus, the effect of ibuprofen and nicotine on severity, fomites and ethnic minorities, children's role in transmission, and mortality rates between countries. The article intends to provide accurate scientific information amidst rumors and falsehoods.","qid":1,"docid":"ipl6189w","rank":16,"score":5.46199893951416},{"content":"This article aims to clarify various claims and controversies regarding COVID-19, including the origin of the virus, the effect of ibuprofen and nicotine on severity, the role of fomites and ethnic minorities, and the impact of COVID-19 on children and mortality rates between countries.","qid":1,"docid":"l2wzr3w1","rank":17,"score":5.461997985839844},{"content":"Sweden is using a two-pronged strategy to combat the Covid-19 pandemic: herd immunity through natural infection and backcasting for mitigation. While the herd-immunity approach is transparent, the use of backcasting by the government is not. The authors argue for the use of backcasting based on available data and reasoning, and present a backcasting exercise for the Swedish economy. This approach involves five interconnected levels for economic backcasting in Covid","qid":1,"docid":"lrlkhr61","rank":18,"score":5.461997032165527},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential health inequities among vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. While the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions have been identified as at risk, the article emphasizes the need to address the needs of other marginalized groups such as forced migrants, people in detention, and the homeless. The article presents examples of inter-professional and interdisciplinary efforts to address inequities in care for these","qid":1,"docid":"02imiypy","rank":19,"score":5.438799858093262},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential health inequities among vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The Confederation has identified older adults with co-morbidities as a high-risk group, but other populations such as forced migrants, people in detention, and the homeless are also at risk. The article outlines the issues of inequities in care for these marginalized populations and presents inter-professional and interdisciplinary","qid":1,"docid":"b3ze0726","rank":20,"score":5.438798904418945},{"content":"China has largely returned to normalcy with businesses reopening and manufacturing activity increasing. Traffic congestion has returned to major cities, and three quarters of the workforce were back at work as of March 24. Wuhan, the origin of the COVID-19 outbreak, is lagging behind but is set to lift its lockdown on April 8. China has successfully brought the epidemic to a near standstill, reporting zero locally transmitted cases on March 1","qid":1,"docid":"qq23ebh0","rank":21,"score":5.375100135803223},{"content":"The impact of COVID-19 on biomedical publishing was assessed by analyzing PubMed-indexed articles about COVID-19 from December 2019 to April 2020. The analysis revealed issues such as only 40% of articles reporting data, clustering of \"highly-trusted\" publications by country, and \"highly impacting\" journals. The crisis also highlighted the need for more integrated analytical reviews in biomed","qid":1,"docid":"37v59fs8","rank":22,"score":5.372499942779541},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, with a genetic similarity of 79.5% to SARS-CoV and 96.2% to a bat coronavirus, indicating its interspecies transmission and origin. SARS-CoV-2 is a beta-Coronavirus, which also includes SARS and MERS viruses.","qid":1,"docid":"30j0auua","rank":23,"score":5.347099781036377},{"content":"The passage discusses two phenomena observed in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the relative absence of clinical signs in children and the early appearance of IgG in certain patients. This early IgG response is typical of secondary immune responses when memory to a cross-reactive antigen is present, a phenomenon known as \"original antigenic sin.\" While these cross-reactive antibodies may not be protective against the new virus, they could potentially enhance infection and","qid":1,"docid":"7k24r3p5","rank":24,"score":5.344799995422363},{"content":"The passage discusses two phenomena observed in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the relative absence of clinical signs in children and the early appearance of IgG in certain patients. This early IgG response is typical of secondary immune responses when memory to a cross-reactive antigen is present, a phenomenon known as \"original antigenic sin.\" While these cross-reactive antibodies may not be protective against the new virus, they could enhance infection and clinical","qid":1,"docid":"nacxjt2f","rank":25,"score":5.344799041748047},{"content":"This study aimed to assess Chinese social media posts on Weibo regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan city using quantitative and qualitative analysis. A total of 115,299 posts were collected, showing a positive correlation between the number of posts and reported cases, with approximately 10 more cases per 40 posts (P<.001). Qualitative analysis identified four parent classifications: causative agent, changing epidemiological characteristics, public","qid":1,"docid":"18im3npb","rank":26,"score":5.332499980926514},{"content":"The passage discusses the emerging evidence of nervous system involvement in COVID-19 patients caused by SARS-CoV-2. Initially, the focus was on respiratory dysregulations, but recent studies suggest that the virus may also invade other end-organs, including the nervous system. Symptoms such as anosmia, dysgeusia, ataxia, and altered mental status may be early signs of neurotropic potential. The recognition of these","qid":1,"docid":"5p0yyrdx","rank":27,"score":5.277699947357178},{"content":"A previous viewpoint highlighted the potential for nervous system involvement in COVID-19 patients despite initial focus on respiratory symptoms. Recent studies have provided evidence of this neurovirulence, including reports of anosmia, dysgeusia, ataxia, and altered mental status. These findings have helped clinicians better understand the scope of SARS-CoV-2's impact on various organs.","qid":1,"docid":"kbvy4g7i","rank":28,"score":5.277698993682861},{"content":"A simple pandemic model, which only includes the contact rate between people, can be easily understood by a broad audience and used to evaluate policy strategies. However, it has limitations when dealing with inhomogeneous populations. To enhance its capabilities, satellite equations can be added to model specific situations, such as high-risk individuals or isolated populations. Despite the addition of complexity in Model J, simulations suggest that it offers little predictive advantage compared to simple models.","qid":1,"docid":"b4s6mz76","rank":29,"score":5.236100196838379},{"content":"The passage summarizes the immediate impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on rehabilitation services in Italy, where only 4.5% of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine physicians attended a webinar due to the sudden crisis. The rehabilitation system's inadequate preparation was evident, and the initial plan to isolate Covid-19 cases in certain areas failed. Continuous reorganization and adaptation were necessary due to the rapid changes, leading to the conversion of","qid":1,"docid":"aurhahaq","rank":30,"score":5.1981000900268555},{"content":"The passage summarizes the immediate impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on rehabilitation services in Italy, which was the first European country to be affected. The webinar on rehabilitation answers to the Covid-19 emergency had low attendance, indicating the inadequate preparation of the rehabilitation system. The original plan to confine Covid-19 cases to certain areas of rehabilitation wards and hospitals was not feasible, and continuous reorganization and adaptation were","qid":1,"docid":"fpywiwoh","rank":31,"score":5.198099136352539},{"content":"Derek Lowe discusses potential small-molecule therapies for the coronavirus epidemic, focusing on repurposed drugs that are already approved for human use due to the time and cost savings of clinical trials. The most advanced therapy is remdesivir from Gilead, which has been in development for a few years as an RNA virus therapy and has shown effectiveness against related coronaviruses. Remdesivir works by getting incorporated into viral RNA and inhib","qid":1,"docid":"ol0bj3hs","rank":32,"score":5.191100120544434},{"content":"A global outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease Covid-19, originated in Wuhan, China, and has spread to 6 continents and 66 countries as of March 2, 2020. Governments are working to prevent the outbreak from becoming a health emergency, emphasizing preparedness, transparency, and information sharing. This paper summarizes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments","qid":1,"docid":"5fg87lvu","rank":33,"score":5.100800037384033},{"content":"A global outbreak of the novel coronavirus Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan, China, and has spread to 6 continents and 66 countries as of March 2, 2020. Governments are working to prevent the outbreak from becoming a global health emergency. Preparedness, transparency, and information sharing are essential for risk assessments and controlling the outbreak. This paper provides an overview of the epidemi","qid":1,"docid":"950x4b9a","rank":34,"score":5.100799083709717},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted dermatological practice, leading to a decrease in face-to-face consultations and an increase in teledermatology. The outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients with inflammatory disorders like psoriasis or atopic dermatitis on immunosuppressive therapies is uncertain. The role of skin lesions and the skin barrier in SARS-CoV-","qid":1,"docid":"erntrh3p","rank":35,"score":5.095399856567383},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted dermatological practice, leading to a decrease in face-to-face consultations and an increase in teledermatology. Uncertainties exist regarding the effects of COVID-19 infection on common inflammatory disorders like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis under immunosuppressive therapy. Dermatologists are also involved in COVID-19 patient care and research","qid":1,"docid":"hl1eq3eb","rank":36,"score":5.095398902893066},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to examine the relationship between ethnicity and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The search was based on English-language citations from EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, NEJM, Lancet, BMJ, JAMA, clinical trial protocols, grey literature, and preprint articles from MedRxiv (1st December 2019-15th May 2020).","qid":1,"docid":"n3d130t8","rank":37,"score":5.092100143432617},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is the most significant challenge to the international system since the 2008 financial crisis. Instead of collaborating to address the threat, major powers like the United States and China have blamed each other, hindering a global response. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been hampered in its efforts to coordinate a response and has faced criticism. The limited cooperation and lack of leadership are surprising, given past international efforts to eradicate diseases. Struct","qid":1,"docid":"1ymp63rl","rank":38,"score":5.078499794006348},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is the most significant challenge to the international system since the 2008 financial crisis. Instead of collaborating to address the threat, major powers like the US and China have blamed each other, hindering a global response. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been hampered in its efforts to coordinate a response. The limited cooperation and lack of leadership are surprising, given past international efforts to eradicate diseases. Structural international relations theory offers","qid":1,"docid":"wcnzb3o0","rank":39,"score":5.078498840332031},{"content":"The passage discusses the current lack of approved treatments for COVID-19 and the significant use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data. However, there is no high-quality clinical evidence showing a clear benefit of these agents for COVID-19, and they have the potential to cause harm, including cardiac side effects and immunologic consequences that","qid":1,"docid":"75vvix5o","rank":40,"score":5.058700084686279},{"content":"The passage discusses the current lack of approved treatments for COVID-19 and the widespread use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data. However, there is no high-quality clinical evidence showing a clear benefit of these agents for COVID-19, and they have the potential to cause harm, including cardiac side effects and immunologic consequences that","qid":1,"docid":"87uhx3pt","rank":41,"score":5.058699131011963},{"content":"The passage discusses the similarities between the COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks, both caused by zoonotic novel coronaviruses, and the lessons learned from the SARS outbreak in 2002-2003. The case-fatality rate of SARS was higher than COVID-19, but both spread rapidly around the world. Insights gained from the past outbreaks include the hazards to healthcare workers, the impact of","qid":1,"docid":"ib5c3lbi","rank":42,"score":5.0586981773376465},{"content":"The passage discusses the similarities between the COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks, both caused by zoonotic novel coronaviruses and spreading rapidly around the world. The case-fatality rate of SARS (9.6%) is higher than that of COVID-19 (<4%). Past experiences with SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have equipped us to better handle the challenges of COVID-19, particularly","qid":1,"docid":"tr7h36i9","rank":43,"score":5.05869722366333},{"content":"A new coronavirus, now known as SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, was identified by the WHO in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This virus is part of the coronavirus family, which can affect various systems in humans and animals, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and nervous systems. Previous outbreaks of coronaviruses, such as SARS in 20","qid":1,"docid":"n6jgr1kx","rank":44,"score":5.034599781036377},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, is highly transmissible and associated with a broad clinical spectrum from subclinical to severe respiratory distress and multiorgan failure. The virus recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a cellular receptor and disrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Renal abnormalities such as proteinuria, hemat","qid":1,"docid":"48wy2iqx","rank":45,"score":5.023200035095215},{"content":"The passage discusses the vulnerable populations in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, who are at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the elderly, those with comorbidities, forced migrants, people deprived of liberty, and the homeless. The article highlights the potential increase in health inequities among these populations and presents inter-professional and interdisciplinary procedures to address the issue, specifying the partners and resources for front-line caregivers.","qid":1,"docid":"p2i0ha2u","rank":46,"score":4.880899906158447},{"content":"The ESPNIC organization launched the EPICENTRE registry, an international initiative to study the epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of pediatric and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. With participation from centers worldwide, EPICENTRE aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 in this population, particularly focusing on critical care issues. This registry is the first of its kind, dedicated to neonatal and pediatric SARS","qid":1,"docid":"pzf6a26k","rank":47,"score":4.87060022354126},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis of the earliest 118 COVID-19 cases in Canada, which revealed that only 7.6% of them were linked to travel from China. Instead, the most common travel origins were the Middle East, the United States, and Europe. Despite China being the source of the majority of global COVID-19 cases at that time, focusing on travel restrictions to China alone might not have effectively controlled the spread.","qid":1,"docid":"kgifmjvb","rank":48,"score":4.8592000007629395},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study that analyzed the travel origins of the first 118 COVID-19 cases in Canada. Contrary to the global trend where the majority of cases originated from China, only 7.6% of Canada's earliest cases were linked to travelers from China. Instead, most cases were traced back to the Middle East, the United States, and Europe. The study suggests that expanding early screening and travel restrictions to these regions could have helped control","qid":1,"docid":"wmfcey6f","rank":49,"score":4.859199047088623},{"content":"This passage is about an epidemiological study that developed a model to predict the vulnerability of US counties to COVID-19 based on publicly available data. The model uses an XGBoost classifier to determine the probability of COVID-19 occurrence for unaffected counties and an XGBoost regression to estimate the number of potential occurrences. The results are combined to compute the county level risk, which is used as an estimated after-five-day","qid":1,"docid":"901ghexi","rank":50,"score":4.850299835205078},{"content":"The world is currently facing the challenge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has brought most human activities to a halt. The immune system, which recognizes and fights pathogens, is being explored for potential solutions through the development of neutralizing antibodies. The review discusses the origins and characteristics of COVID-19, as well as previous coronavirus pandemics caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-","qid":1,"docid":"ad6ztoba","rank":51,"score":4.845699787139893},{"content":"A technical report presents a dynamic causal model for predicting the spread of COVID-19 in a population, using ensemble dynamics to generate outcomes like new cases and deaths. The model allows for the quantification of uncertainty and can account for interventions and population differences. It utilizes Bayesian model inversion and comparison procedures to optimize predictions based on timeseries data. The report also showcases some insights from the application of this model to the current pandemic, such as the nonlinear effects of","qid":1,"docid":"bfnav9sn","rank":52,"score":4.845698833465576},{"content":"The world is currently facing the challenge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has brought most human activities to a halt. The immune system, which recognizes and fights pathogens, is being explored for potential solutions through the development of neutralizing antibodies. The review discusses the origins and characteristics of COVID-19, as well as previous coronavirus pandemics caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-","qid":1,"docid":"qhelk6u6","rank":53,"score":4.84569787979126},{"content":"The passage highlights the overall low methodological quality of COVID-19 research, using hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin studies as an example. The flawed methodology and sub-optimal reporting could lead to biased estimates of effect, potentially harming patients with ineffective or harmful treatment decisions. Researchers must focus on improving methodology and reporting, including considering harms to patients, to increase confidence in research findings.","qid":1,"docid":"safr9z37","rank":54,"score":4.811500072479248},{"content":"This research note explores the undefined meaning of the Canadian government's obligation to ensure \"continuity of constitutional government\" (CCG) as stated in section 4(l) of the Emergency Management Act. The note will discuss the origin of the term and its connection to other continuity of government (COG) concepts, as well as potential interpretations of the term based on legal opinions. The article will conclude with reflections on the significance of the CCG concept during the current","qid":1,"docid":"26276rpr","rank":55,"score":4.785900115966797},{"content":"This passage is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the correlation between common clinical conditions and comorbidities with the severity of COVID-19. The meta-analysis included 7 studies with 4101 COVID-19 patients from Chinese hospitals. The most common comorbidities were COPD, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension. No significant associations were found for kidney disease, liver disease, or","qid":1,"docid":"5vpnmw3f","rank":56,"score":4.764900207519531},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of emerging zoonotic influenza viruses on human health, focusing on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus from poultry and pandemic H1N1 influenza (pH1N1) virus from swine. The article explores how these viruses transmit from animals to humans, their dynamics within human and other mammalian hosts, and factors influencing transmission among humans. Effective containment","qid":1,"docid":"ipdyywbx","rank":57,"score":4.757199764251709},{"content":"A study using artificial intelligence and genomic sequences of the COVID-19 virus suggests that bats and pangolins are likely the original hosts of the virus based on unsupervised clustering results. All COVID-19 virus genomes belong to a cluster with bat and pangolin coronavirus genomes, with stronger evidence supporting bats as the more likely host.","qid":1,"docid":"4dtk1kyh","rank":58,"score":4.7378997802734375},{"content":"A new human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing a pandemic, was initially sequenced by researchers in China. Genomic data provides insights into its emergence but leaves gaps regarding its origins.","qid":1,"docid":"5hio4lgc","rank":59,"score":4.728400230407715},{"content":"In December 2019, a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused a cluster of fatal pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, linked to a market selling seafood and live animals. The virus spread rapidly and led to a global containment effort and widespread media attention due to its similarities to previous coronavirus epidemics, SARS and MERS. The scientific community is working to understand the virus's origin, pathogenesis","qid":1,"docid":"ldklj4oz","rank":60,"score":4.727499961853027},{"content":"This review article summarizes information from various publications since the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2. The article consolidates epidemiological data and clinical knowledge about the virus, and highlights new developments in the search for pandemic control. The scientific community is working to produce relevant research to aid in managing the spread of COVID-19.","qid":1,"docid":"55dihml5","rank":61,"score":4.715199947357178},{"content":"A pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) declared by the World Health Organization has resulted in over 81,000 confirmed cases in China and 334,000 cases globally as of March 24, 2020. Interventional radiologists (IRs) in China have been battling the disease for three months. This paper discusses what IRs should know and can do during this challenge","qid":1,"docid":"1915kvwk","rank":62,"score":4.6915998458862305},{"content":"A pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) declared by the World Health Organization has resulted in over 81,000 confirmed cases in China and 334,000 cases globally as of March 24, 2020. Interventional radiologists (IRs) in China have been battling the disease for three months. This paper discusses what IRs should know and can do during this challenge","qid":1,"docid":"rsjvuumi","rank":63,"score":4.691598892211914},{"content":"The author explores the dismissal of Edward Hooper's theory that the oral polio vaccine trial in African colonies led to the HIV-1 pandemic, and argues that historians have overly relied on scientists' testimonies. The article highlights the missed opportunity to analyze the evidence backing the oral polio vaccine hypothesis and its implications for understanding Cold War vaccine production and its impact on virus transmission. The author introduces the concept of The WetNet, referring to the infrastructure","qid":1,"docid":"6c8f3yhz","rank":64,"score":4.670599937438965},{"content":"The author explores the dismissal of Edward Hooper's theory that the oral polio vaccine trial in African colonies led to the HIV-1 pandemic, and argues that historians have overly relied on scientists' testimony. The article suggests that a more thorough analysis of the evidence could have led to a better understanding of the social, political, technological, and interspecies infrastructure of Cold War vaccine production and its impact on virus transmission. The author introduces the concept of The","qid":1,"docid":"eud0mawv","rank":65,"score":4.670598983764648},{"content":"A novel H1N1 influenza A virus strain led to the first pandemic of the 21st Century in April 2009, originating from swine in Mexico and the USA instead of the anticipated avian H5N1 virus in Asia. The H1N1 pandemic revealed weaknesses in Asia's health infrastructure, including communication, surge capacity, access to reliable information and quality care, health worker skills, and essential medicines. Preparation and research response","qid":1,"docid":"3emzk5by","rank":66,"score":4.645899772644043},{"content":"COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus. Its causes, parameters, and effects are currently being studied by experts like Philippe Sansonetti, the Chief Editor of EMBO Molecular Medicine. The short- and long-term prospects of the epidemic depend on our actions. Sansonetti emphasizes that the fate of the pandemic is in our hands.","qid":1,"docid":"hf2m7imf","rank":67,"score":4.5903000831604},{"content":"Title: COVID-19: Understanding the Pandemic\n\nThis article discusses COVID-19, its causes, parameters, effects, and short- and long-term prospects. Philippe Sansonetti, an infectious disease specialist and Chief Editor of EMBO Molecular Medicine, emphasizes the importance of individual actions in managing the epidemic. No image description provided.","qid":1,"docid":"yoy3hj3j","rank":68,"score":4.577600002288818},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted myeloma care, with the immediate concern being minimizing the risk of infection. Looking ahead, the future of myeloma treatment may involve cost-effective and tailored approaches as healthcare delivery will not return to its pre-pandemic state. Investment in novel strategies is necessary to provide optimal outcomes for patients in the post-pandemic environment.","qid":1,"docid":"sexx9196","rank":69,"score":4.575799942016602},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of coronaviruses in respiratory diseases in children, with a focus on the common community-acquired human coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1) and those responsible for past global epidemics like SARS and MERS. The text highlights the importance of understanding their virology, epidemiology, and disease associations.","qid":1,"docid":"1o2ynvy3","rank":70,"score":4.564199924468994},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of coronaviruses in respiratory diseases in children, with a focus on the common community-acquired human coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1) and those responsible for past global epidemics like SARS and MERS. The text highlights the importance of understanding their virology, epidemiology, and disease associations.","qid":1,"docid":"vzmku0vv","rank":71,"score":4.564198970794678},{"content":"This study analyzes age distribution patterns in six groups of Indian COVID-19 patient populations based on their likely geographical origin of infection. The results showed distinct age profiles among the groups, with some clusters forming differently between groups from Asia, the European Union, and the United Kingdom compared to those from North America, the Middle East, and other regions. Age profiles were found to be highly predictive of the group a population belongs to, and there may be differences in recovery and fatality rates across","qid":1,"docid":"0m5mc320","rank":72,"score":4.547800064086914},{"content":"A report details over 800 confirmed COVID-19 cases on three cruise ship voyages, with linked cases reported in the US. Transmission occurred between ships via crew members, affecting both passengers and crew. Ten deaths have been reported. Public health implications include the risk of rapid disease spread beyond voyages, necessitating aggressive containment measures, and recommending a global cruise travel deferral during the pandemic.","qid":1,"docid":"9b6j5lk0","rank":73,"score":4.52269983291626},{"content":"The passage discusses the history of public health law in the United States, starting from the colonial period when there was no national law, and the origins of federal public health authority from laws providing medical care for merchant seamen in 1798. The U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) was established, and it is now a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The core of federal public health law comes from statutes","qid":1,"docid":"wh41wczp","rank":74,"score":4.51800012588501},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus, originated in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Like SARS and MERS, it primarily causes lower respiratory symptoms and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The clinical laboratory plays a crucial role in diagnosing COVID-19, providing information on prognosis, disease progression, and therapy response. This review covers the pandemic's background, laboratory diagnosis, current","qid":1,"docid":"deee71uw","rank":75,"score":4.51639986038208},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus with similarities to SARS and MERS viruses, originated in Wuhan, China in late 2019. The clinical laboratory plays a crucial role in diagnosing COVID-19, providing information on prognosis, disease progression, and therapy response. This review covers the pandemic's background, laboratory diagnosis, current biomarker analysis in hematology, safety concerns, and impact on","qid":1,"docid":"wco27nop","rank":76,"score":4.516398906707764},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted myeloma care, with the immediate concern being minimizing the risk of infection and its complications. Looking ahead, the future of myeloma treatment may involve cost-effective and tailored approaches as the post-pandemic healthcare landscape will not revert to its previous state. Now is the time to invest in innovative strategies to optimize patient outcomes.","qid":1,"docid":"njg0ln33","rank":77,"score":4.513999938964844},{"content":"The study investigated the method used by the Imperial College COVID-19 Research Team for estimating the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from a model identifiability perspective. The study found that the system model used by ICCRT had severe input sensitivities and lacked practical parameter identifiability from data. This limitation is fundamental and not easily resolved with data of higher reliability. The authors emphasized the","qid":1,"docid":"2zkrbjqe","rank":78,"score":4.507599830627441},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 from the Betacoronavirus group, originated in bats and spread to humans through intermediate hosts at a Wuhan seafood market in late 2019. Due to the absence of registered treatments or vaccines, researchers are exploring potential drugs for COVID-19. This review covers the origin, characteristics, and genomic structure of CoVs, with a focus on SAR","qid":1,"docid":"utsr0zv7","rank":79,"score":4.503399848937988},{"content":"The original antigenic sin refers to the phenomenon where an individual's immune system responds primarily to the initial antigens (molecules that stimulate an immune response) encountered during an infection, rather than to new antigens that may appear later. In the context of COVID-19, this means that if an individual is infected with SARS-CoV-2 and then later encounters a different variant of the virus, their immune system may prioritize responding to","qid":1,"docid":"h4gi99hn","rank":80,"score":4.495500087738037},{"content":"This study investigates the geo-environmental factors contributing to the accelerated spread of COVID-19 in Italy, specifically in regions with high population density and industrialization. The results reveal a strong association between air pollution and the rapid transmission of COVID-19. Cities with higher levels of air pollution, as indicated by exceeding PM10 limits, have experienced more cases and deaths from COVID-19. The study suggests that air pollution-to-human transmission plays a critical","qid":1,"docid":"lhd0jn0z","rank":81,"score":4.484499931335449},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the importance of cleanliness and hygiene in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. This has led researchers to explore the possible evolutionary links between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and contamination fears. OCD is a mental health condition characterized by recurring and intrusive thoughts, urges, or behaviors that cause distress and impair daily functioning. Some theories suggest that OCD may have evolved as a response to infectious disease","qid":1,"docid":"alx5uc95","rank":82,"score":4.470200061798096},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the importance of cleanliness and hygiene in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. This has led researchers to explore the possible evolutionary links between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and contamination fears. OCD is a mental health condition characterized by recurring and intrusive thoughts, urges, or behaviors that cause distress and impair daily functioning. Some theories suggest that OCD may have evolved as a response to infectious disease","qid":1,"docid":"vq4t53l9","rank":83,"score":4.470199108123779},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of the human-animal interface in the emergence of infectious diseases, particularly those that stem from animals. Factors contributing to the origin and global spread of these diseases are not well defined, but social mobilization, public health education, behavioral change, and communication strategies are suggested as potential prevention methods. The lack of a comprehensive global surveillance system for zoonotic diseases highlights the need for these intervention measures.","qid":1,"docid":"fk60pph3","rank":84,"score":4.465199947357178},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic currently lacks randomized controlled trials proving the effectiveness of antiviral therapies. Despite this, physicians are widely prescribing various drugs to COVID-19 patients in the hope of a cure, deviating from the evidence-based medicine approach. There is a need for more research to establish effective routine care practices for managing COVID-19 symptoms and combating the disease's pathology.","qid":1,"docid":"x82yaoxc","rank":85,"score":4.4644999504089355},{"content":"An observational study of 22 COVID-19 patients in Nanchong, China, compared CT manifestations between those with imported infection (exposure to Wuhan, China) and second-generation infection (close contact with confirmed cases or healthy individuals from Wuhan). All patients underwent initial and follow-up CT scans. Group A (imported infection) had 15 patients with abnormal CT findings (67%), while Group B (second-","qid":1,"docid":"g8rsiiy7","rank":86,"score":4.453199863433838},{"content":"An observational study of 22 COVID-19 patients in Nanchong, China, compared CT manifestations between those with imported infection (exposure to Wuhan, China) and second-generation infection (close contact with confirmed cases or healthy individuals from Wuhan). All patients underwent initial and follow-up CT scans. Group A (imported infection) had 15 patients with abnormal CT findings (67%), while Group B (second-","qid":1,"docid":"m9fikesi","rank":87,"score":4.4531989097595215},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) mathematical models to predict the number of new COVID-19 cases in different cities and countries. The authors note that while the models can be solved using software or numerical methods, predicting the number of new cases is challenging due to changing behavioral patterns that affect the model's parameters. The authors present an analysis of COVID-19 spreading rates in relation to population density and size for","qid":1,"docid":"1ttt1fgr","rank":88,"score":4.451300144195557},{"content":"A systematic literature review assessed 49 papers published in 2020 on the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis. Of the 755 pregnant women and 598 infants studied, over half had C-sections and only 82% of infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, with two testing positive. No vertical transmission has been proven yet due to gaps in care during and after","qid":1,"docid":"irocv0ke","rank":89,"score":4.45129919052124},{"content":"A systematic literature review assessed 49 papers published in 2020 on the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis. Of the 755 pregnant women and 598 infants studied, over half had C-sections and only 82% of infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, with two testing positive. No vertical transmission has been proven yet due to gaps in care during and after","qid":1,"docid":"o7ze1myf","rank":90,"score":4.451298236846924},{"content":"The passage is a summary of a study that conducts a meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis to determine the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19. The study estimates the basic reproduction number to be 3.15 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.41-3.90, the average incubation time to be 5.08","qid":1,"docid":"dt0b87me","rank":91,"score":4.44980001449585},{"content":"The passage is a summary of a study that conducted a meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis to determine the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19. The study estimated the basic reproduction number to be 3.15 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.41-3.90, the average incubation time to be 5.08 days","qid":1,"docid":"fraczoxu","rank":92,"score":4.449799060821533},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected over 3.5 million people worldwide. Diabetes, age, and cardiovascular disease are identified as factors increasing the severity of COVID-19. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to complications in respiratory infections like SARS-CoV-2, as seen in previous outbreaks of SARS, MERS, and Influenza.","qid":1,"docid":"5zb96j4a","rank":93,"score":4.44789981842041},{"content":"Google's Dataset Search, initiated in 2016, has grown from approximately 500,000 to nearly 30 million dataset metadata descriptions, making it the largest and most diverse corpus of its kind on the Web. This data comes from scientists, governments, and companies, covering various topics and formats. An analysis of this corpus reveals its origins, topics, forms, and search trends, identifying gaps and potential future work to enhance dataset discoverability.","qid":1,"docid":"95o2v09d","rank":94,"score":4.446000099182129},{"content":"This paper uses scenario planning to identify uncertainties related to COVID-19 and potential futures for faculty and universities in Canada and other areas with rising epidemic curves and publicly funded institutions. The focus is on preparing for plausible futures based on current uncertainties.","qid":1,"docid":"mhnm4zac","rank":95,"score":4.4166998863220215},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":1,"docid":"gnaubzah","rank":96,"score":4.411300182342529},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":1,"docid":"hlhhvmtu","rank":97,"score":4.411299228668213},{"content":"A cross-sectional study analyzed the response to COVID-19 from investigators, editors, and publishers during the early stages of the pandemic. The study involved a bibliometric review of COVID-19 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) literature between November 2019 and March 2020. Most COVID-19 studies were clinical reports, and submission-to-acceptance and acceptance-to-publication times were significantly shorter compared","qid":1,"docid":"vq3axp9l","rank":98,"score":4.402200222015381},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for otolaryngologists due to their expertise in airway management. Airway procedures, including endoscopy, expose operators to infectious aerosols, increasing the risk of transmission. This commentary discusses critical considerations for reducing aerosol contact, best practices for airway management during the pandemic, and the implications of increased demand for tracheostomies. Safety for both patients and healthcare teams is emphasized.","qid":1,"docid":"6mzv33vv","rank":99,"score":4.395999908447266},{"content":"Two studies with over 1,700 U.S. adults found that people share false information about COVID-19 due to lack of sufficient thinking about accuracy. In Study 1, participants had difficulty distinguishing true from false content when sharing on social media, but improved with greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge. Study 2 showed that a simple accuracy reminder before the study significantly increased truth discernment in participants' sharing intentions. These findings suggest that nudging people to consider accuracy","qid":1,"docid":"abj9b0x0","rank":100,"score":4.395998954772949}]}
{"query":"how does the coronavirus respond to changes in the weather","hits":[{"content":"The Caribbean Basin is expected to experience significant impacts from the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic due to potential overwhelm of healthcare systems and economies. Preliminary evidence suggests temperature and climatological factors could influence the spread of the virus, allowing for spatiotemporal predictions. This review examines historical respiratory virus distribution in the Caribbean Basin to help plan interventions for managing outbreaks at international, national, and subnational levels.","qid":2,"docid":"w5kjmw88","rank":1,"score":10.456899642944336},{"content":"The Caribbean Basin is experiencing the 2020 coronavirus pandemic at a slower rate than other parts of the world. However, it's expected that COVID-19 outbreaks in this region could overwhelm healthcare systems and economies due to their lower income status. Preliminary research suggests that temperature and climatological factors could influence the spread of the virus, allowing for spatiotemporal predictions. This review analyzes the geographic and time-based distribution of respir","qid":2,"docid":"gan10za0","rank":2,"score":10.339400291442871},{"content":"The first U.S. National Assessment's health sector component, published in 2000, outlined the anticipated health impacts of climate variability and change on five categories: temperature, extreme weather events, air pollution, water- and food-borne diseases, and vector- and rodent-borne diseases. The assessment concluded that climate change could increase risks for several health outcomes, but the net impact was uncertain. This study aimed to update the assessment using recent literature, which supported initial","qid":2,"docid":"124czudi","rank":3,"score":9.447699546813965},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to understand the relationship between weather conditions and COVID-19 transmission using a large dataset of infections and weather data. The researchers identified challenges in estimating weather impacts, such as the delay between exposure and infection detection. After controlling for location-specific trends and correcting for the delay, they found a negative relationship between temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius and the reproduction number of COVID-19, with each degree Celsius reduction leading","qid":2,"docid":"526elsrf","rank":4,"score":8.486900329589844},{"content":"A study was conducted in Beijing, China to compare the compositions and antibiotic resistance patterns of culturable bacteria in polluted and non-polluted weather conditions. Air samples were collected using six-stage Andersen Samplers and bacterial concentration was found to be significantly higher in polluted weather than non-polluted weather. Gram-positive bacteria were dominant but gram-negative bacteria were more abundant in polluted weather. Multidrug-resistant","qid":2,"docid":"h5ufxzv9","rank":5,"score":8.259900093078613},{"content":"A study examines the relationship between temperature and the growth rate of COVID-19. The analysis suggests that COVID-19 growth is retarded at temperatures between -6.28 degrees Celsius and +14.51 degrees Celsius. For every degree Celsius increase in temperature, the growth rate decreases by 13-16 cases per day.","qid":2,"docid":"r1yjphnn","rank":6,"score":8.025500297546387},{"content":"The study explores the relationship between COVID-19 growth rate and environmental parameters, specifically temperature. The analysis indicates that a temperature range between -6.28\u00b0C and +14.51\u00b0C is favorable for COVID-19 growth. A rise in temperature by 1\u00b0C decreases the growth rate by 13-17 cases per day.","qid":2,"docid":"w7ycc07b","rank":7,"score":8.02549934387207},{"content":"A long phylogenetic history and diverse characteristics of bats have led to the detection of over 200 viruses in them. To understand the ecology and virology of zoonoses transmitted by bats, long-term studies with a multidisciplinary approach are necessary to gather eco-epidemiological data such as colony size, species behavior, contact between bats, and environmental factors. The loss of bat species due to ecosystem changes and","qid":2,"docid":"amzc5yrd","rank":8,"score":7.9730000495910645},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges for mental health services, including minimizing infections, accessing medical services, delivering intensive face-to-face services, isolating patients, and sourcing PPE. St. Patrick's Mental Health Services (SPMHS) responded by developing a strategy based on clear objectives and adapting to the evolving crisis landscape.","qid":2,"docid":"16k5946u","rank":9,"score":7.859799861907959},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges for mental health services, including minimizing infections, accessing medical services, delivering intensive face-to-face services, isolating patients, and sourcing PPE. St. Patrick's Mental Health Services (SPMHS) responded by developing a strategy based on clear objectives and adapting to the evolving crisis landscape.","qid":2,"docid":"xwz7hj2b","rank":10,"score":7.859798908233643},{"content":"Climate change negatively impacts human health and is projected to increase the demand for humanitarian assistance. Humanitarian organizations need to adopt a resilience approach to address climate change as a transversal threat. The WHO operational framework for climate-resilient health systems is adapted for humanitarian organizations, with concrete case studies demonstrating implementation. The goal is to mainstream climate and health concerns into policies and programs, encouraging further dialogue and collaboration.","qid":2,"docid":"i7vx1sg5","rank":11,"score":7.848599910736084},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of defending against extinction risks by preventing them, responding to them before they become global catastrophes, and being resilient to them. It suggests that the largest extinction risk comes when defenses are weak against risks that are unlikely to be prevented, responded to, or that humanity is resilient against. The article recommends investing in strengthening all three defense layers and provides suggestions tailored to different classes of risks, as well as addressing underlying risk","qid":2,"docid":"4cjlolp6","rank":12,"score":7.703000068664551},{"content":"This paper aims to analyze the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic using machine learning methods. The objectives include predicting the spread of COVID-19 across regions, analyzing growth rates and mitigation types, predicting the epidemic's end, analyzing transmission rates, and correlating COVID-19 and weather conditions. A novel Support Vector Regression method is proposed for these tasks, using supported vectors for better accuracy than simple regression lines. The approach is evaluated","qid":2,"docid":"qp77vl6h","rank":13,"score":7.700300216674805},{"content":"A preliminary report suggests that countries with higher numbers of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases are those with cold weather and low humidity, based on an analysis of WHO data and Google search results for climate information in affected countries. The hypothesis is that these conditions may favor the transmission and survival of the SARS-COV-2 virus.","qid":2,"docid":"ws03xsho","rank":14,"score":7.350800037384033},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, power consumption patterns have shifted significantly, making short-term load forecasting challenging for utilities and grid operators. Existing algorithms, which use weather, timing information, and previous consumption levels as input variables, struggle to capture large and sudden changes in socioeconomic behavior. In this paper, the authors propose using mobility data as a complementary measure to improve load forecasting. Mobility data acts as a good proxy for population-level behaviors during the","qid":2,"docid":"9se0wm4t","rank":15,"score":7.324999809265137},{"content":"This study investigates the impact of UV-induced weathering on the toxicity of microplastics by leaching chemicals into artificial seawater and testing their effects on cell-based bioassays. The assays cover cytotoxicity, AhR and PPAR\u03b3 activation, estrogenicity, and oxidative stress response. LC-HRMS analysis identified chain-scission products, which were tested in AREc32 and PPAR\u03b3. All plastic le","qid":2,"docid":"r7fhr7qa","rank":16,"score":7.079100131988525},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the delivery of quality care for patients with cirrhosis, leading to three waves of impact: an initial period of prioritized high-acuity care with delayed elective procedures and routine care during physical distancing, a challenging 'return to normal' with increased emergencies and overwhelmed systems, and a prolonged period of suboptimal outcomes due to missed diagnoses, progressive disease, and loss to follow-up. To preserve the quality of","qid":2,"docid":"0akyr7xz","rank":17,"score":7.067200183868408},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the delivery of quality care for patients with cirrhosis, leading to three waves of impact: an initial period of prioritized high-acuity care with delayed elective procedures and routine care during physical distancing, a challenging \"return to normal\" with increased emergencies and overwhelmed systems, and a prolonged period of suboptimal outcomes due to missed diagnoses, progressive disease, and loss to follow-up. To preserve the quality of","qid":2,"docid":"og3myz22","rank":18,"score":7.067199230194092},{"content":"This study examines the difference in weather advice-giving in Chinese newspapers, focusing on the Beijing Morning Post and Beijing Evening News. Forty texts from each source were analyzed, with twenty for ordinary weather and twenty for extreme weather. Results revealed that more advice is given during extreme events and Beijing Evening News provides more advice overall. Writers taking an authoritative stance during extreme weather use more imperatives and high-status vocatives, while those positioning themselves with readers also use more imper","qid":2,"docid":"kftchnhz","rank":19,"score":7.03439998626709},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a global economic recession and shifting food consumption to households. While agricultural producers and retail industries may seem best positioned to adapt, issues persist such as empty supermarket shelves and farmers disposing of excess milk.","qid":2,"docid":"8eitzlpf","rank":20,"score":7.030700206756592},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to decreased electricity consumption in three US states (New York, California, and Florida) as of May 2020, but the impact on electricity demand and grid stress was complex and varied. Some studies showed a reduction in electricity use due to economic activity decline, while others reported mixed results. The analysis of electricity data revealed that the pandemic's effect on electricity demand was not straightforward and differed among regions. Additionally, variables indicating grid stress conveyed","qid":2,"docid":"mja93ena","rank":21,"score":7.005199909210205},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of Google Trends to analyze changes in information-seeking patterns during the coronavirus pandemic in the US. The study addresses four key questions: the relationship between coronavirus outbreak and internet searches, differences in search popularity across states, potential policy gaps indicated by search patterns, and the correlation between Google Trends data and real-life events. The methods used include trend analysis, geographic analyses, and Principal Component Analyses. The findings suggest","qid":2,"docid":"ysa8vb9x","rank":22,"score":6.929500102996826},{"content":"A systematic review of 75 peer-reviewed articles indexed in medical databases examined US healthcare professionals' responses to climate change and its impact on human health. Concerns focused on air pollution, extreme weather, and infectious diseases. Proactive strategies included education, advocacy, and partnerships between healthcare and public agencies. Mitigation approaches were more common than adaptation. However, the authors noted a lack of expertise and coordination in healthcare's response to climate change.","qid":2,"docid":"rkkimpbx","rank":23,"score":6.824100017547607},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study assessing the relationship between COVID-19 cases in China during January and February 2020 and ecological factors such as population density, temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation. The study used open-access COVID-19 case data and weather data to construct a Poisson regression model. Results indicated that warmer, drier, and brighter conditions were associated with lower COVID-19 incidence. However, the study did not establish","qid":2,"docid":"be7gxvl7","rank":24,"score":6.7621002197265625},{"content":"A study assessed the relationship between COVID-19 cases in China during January-February 2020 and ecological factors such as population density, temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation. The study used geo-located COVID-19 case data and mapped it onto a grid with population and weather data. The analysis found that warmer, drier, and brighter conditions were associated with lower COVID-19 incidence. The study did not establish cause","qid":2,"docid":"r141na6j","rank":25,"score":6.762099266052246},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study assessing the relationship between COVID-19 cases in China during January and February 2020 and ecological factors such as population density, temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation. The study used open-access COVID-19 case data and weather data to construct a Poisson regression model. Results showed an overall incidence rate of 0.12 per 1,000 in cells with confirmed cases, with some cells recording over","qid":2,"docid":"upw6fulv","rank":26,"score":6.76209831237793},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to examine waterborne outbreaks linked to extreme water-related weather events such as heavy rainfall, flooding, and drought, from 1910 to 2010 using four databases and a global reporting system. Of the 87 identified outbreaks and 235 reports, 55.2% were linked to heavy rainfall and flooding. The most common pathogens were Vibrio spp. (2","qid":2,"docid":"exqza1kg","rank":27,"score":6.747399806976318},{"content":"The Coronavirus Act 2020 in Northern Ireland brought temporary changes to mental health and capacity laws in response to the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on health services. The article discusses the reasoning behind these adjustments, their potential implementation, and the potential impact on human rights protections for those assessed as lacking capacity. Regular parliamentary oversight is urged to ensure the changes remain necessary, proportionate, and least restrictive during the emergency.","qid":2,"docid":"ma27v97d","rank":28,"score":6.74560022354126},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant trauma for businesses, bringing unprecedented challenges such as social distancing, work-from-home arrangements, and uncertain timelines for a return to normalcy.","qid":2,"docid":"uczrmgq3","rank":29,"score":6.700200080871582},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, implementing intubation practice changes in a pediatric hospital required rapid adaptation. The traditional intubation team model, consisting of anesthesiologists, respiratory therapists, and nurses, was restructured to minimize exposure risks. A new model, the Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) cart team, was introduced. This team consisted of a single anesthesiologist or intensivist, a nurse, and","qid":2,"docid":"y08iot2a","rank":30,"score":6.659299850463867},{"content":"A descriptive study was conducted to understand the impact of the pandemic on epilepsy self-management from the perspective of adults with epilepsy and their caregivers. The survey received responses from 94 participants, who reported significant disruptions in epilepsy self-management due to medication access issues, provider visits, increased stress, social isolation, and changes in routine. Over one-third of the sample experienced an increase in seizure frequency since the pandemic began. Recomm","qid":2,"docid":"ix2jt350","rank":31,"score":6.656899929046631},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of conducting mission work in a mobile and complex world where communities are constantly changing and people are on the move. The author raises questions about how to engage in mission in such ephemeral communities, conduct missiological research, and train new missionaries for an ever-evolving field.","qid":2,"docid":"m3dt5kuy","rank":32,"score":6.630799770355225},{"content":"The passage explores the role of climate in the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using a climate-dependent epidemic model. It suggests that while climate may influence the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, high susceptibility is a major factor driving the pandemic trajectory. The study finds that climate has only modest effects on pandemic size during the pandemic stage of an emerging pathogen. However, non-pharmaceutical control measures may moderate the pandemic-climate","qid":2,"docid":"aiwxlxzt","rank":33,"score":6.539000034332275},{"content":"The coronavirus pandemic and shift to teletherapy have brought anxieties for both therapists and patients, particularly those working with children. Parents seek support for their children's behavioral changes and advice on coping, while some feel overwhelmed and want to pause treatment. Clinicians must adapt by rethinking therapy frames, playing, and confidentiality. Maintaining mentalizing capacities is crucial during times of fear and uncertainty. This paper discusses how Mentalization-Based Treatment","qid":2,"docid":"v78hscpz","rank":34,"score":6.514400005340576},{"content":"The study examined the correlation between the incidence of pandemic H1N1 influenza in Alberta, Canada, in 2009 and school closures or weather changes. Mathematical transmission models were used to estimate the effects of school closures and weather changes on pH1N1 transmission. The results showed that school closures significantly reduced transmission among school-age children by more than 50%, and this was a key factor in interrupting transmission. Seasonal changes in weather","qid":2,"docid":"hra8otj5","rank":35,"score":6.489999771118164},{"content":"The coronavirus crisis has led to economic downturn in Germany, resulting in contact restrictions, school closures, and business bans. New infection numbers have decreased, and the healthcare system is not yet overwhelmed. Debates are ongoing about easing regulations to boost economic activity. The article explores the role of commuter links in the spread of COVID-19, as well as the impact of bad weather and high population density.","qid":2,"docid":"e4crbz0c","rank":36,"score":6.483500003814697},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread worldwide since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Mortality rates vary between countries, possibly due to differences in healthcare responses. No proven effective therapies exist for COVID-19, and drugs currently being tested lack sufficient clinical trial data. A global effort is underway to develop a vaccine, but it will take at least a year","qid":2,"docid":"svo94kuo","rank":37,"score":6.479300022125244},{"content":"This study used a case-crossover design to identify meteorological factors associated with an increased risk of primary Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) infections in humans in Saudi Arabia. The analysis of 446 cases found that lower temperatures and humidity during the 2-week incubation period were associated with an increased risk of MERS cases 8-10 days later. High visibility was linked to an increased number of cases 7 days earlier","qid":2,"docid":"jc1k3fki","rank":38,"score":6.470600128173828},{"content":"This study, based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, examines individual differences in psychological factors related to concerns and intention to self-isolate during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the United Kingdom. The research involved 202 UK respondents who completed a personality questionnaire and measures of illness attitudes, concerns, and likelihood of voluntary self-isolation. The results suggest that older individuals, those with negative illness attitudes, and higher reward react","qid":2,"docid":"1d1xhk99","rank":39,"score":6.449699878692627},{"content":"This study examines individual differences in psychological factors related to concerns and intentions to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Using the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, the research found that older individuals, those with negative illness attitudes, and higher reward reactivity (RR) scores were more concerned. Personal safety concerns were highest in those with negative illness attitudes and higher fight\u2013flight\u2013freeze system (FFFS) scores. The results suggest a psychological","qid":2,"docid":"79rpu3qf","rank":40,"score":6.4496989250183105},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of identifying differences in transmissibility between individuals in infectious diseases. Using a branching process model, the authors analyzed epidemiological traits of self-limited infections, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), measles, smallpox, and human monkeypox. For MERS-CoV, there is not enough evidence to suggest a decline in transmissibility over time. Meas","qid":2,"docid":"uxq43me8","rank":41,"score":6.44950008392334},{"content":"This systematic review aimed to identify effective communication practices for healthcare professionals when discussing health behavior change (HBC) with patients. Ten studies were included, and analysis resulted in ten top-level themes grouped into three domains: initiating, carrying out, and closing HBC talk. Some initiation methods facilitated further discussion, while others caused resistance. Conducting HBC talk through collaborative question-answer sequences was well-received, while one way of closing was met with negative patient responses","qid":2,"docid":"tuykwhtp","rank":42,"score":6.430099964141846},{"content":"This paper explores the connection between weather factors and the spread of COVID-19 in 250 cities in Mainland China. The study reveals that six main weather conditions, including precipitation, are correlated with the infection statistics. The strongest correlation is found with precipitation. The researchers also developed a predictive model to forecast potential second wave outbreaks, indicating that cities in different geographical areas will experience varying time periods and severity of the second wave based on their unique weather conditions","qid":2,"docid":"akb96git","rank":43,"score":6.427999973297119},{"content":"A survey of 25 European neurosurgical departments revealed significant differences in resources and indications before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Neurosurgical beds and neuro-intensive care beds were decreased, leading to rationing of care in 80% of centers due to less demand for brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage care, postponed surgeries, and changed surgical indications. The pandemic highlighted existing resource limitations.","qid":2,"docid":"09nr9dho","rank":44,"score":6.385900020599365},{"content":"A worldwide survey was conducted to examine the impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice. The virus, which had reached 209 nations by April 12, 2020, affecting 1.8 million people and causing over 110,000 deaths, forced adaptations in the specialty due to its subspecialties in oncology and traumatology. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed online and through subspecial","qid":2,"docid":"b54dymlu","rank":45,"score":6.374100208282471},{"content":"A worldwide survey was conducted to examine the impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice. The study aimed to collect data on the current situation and changes in maxillofacial surgery practices due to the outbreak. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed online and through subspecialty associations to maxillofacial surgeons globally. The data will be analyzed to provide insights into how the specialty is handling the situation and serve as a reference for future global health crises","qid":2,"docid":"s5u57av2","rank":46,"score":6.374099254608154},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission in Singapore using data from the Ministry of Health. Spearman and Kendall rank correlation tests revealed that temperature, dew point, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and water vapor had positive significant correlations with COVID-19 cases. These findings can aid epidemiologists in understanding SARS-CoV-2 behavior against meteorological variables and assist healthcare policymakers","qid":2,"docid":"pwul6lco","rank":47,"score":6.354400157928467},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local government resiliency in the United States, drawing insights from officials and managers at the forefront of response and recovery efforts. It also references findings from a nationwide survey of U.S. local governments on their preparedness for weather-related disasters, which reveal that small, resource-poor governments will struggle to respond effectively to the current crisis and future biological disasters. The article emphasizes the need for policy","qid":2,"docid":"tdsyengw","rank":48,"score":6.3368000984191895},{"content":"The passage discusses the unpredictability of pandemics, regional epidemics, and sudden-onset disasters such as influenza, cholera, plague, earthquakes, and floods. Climate change and environmental degradation are expected to increase the incidence of some infectious diseases and weather-related crises. Health system leaders need to understand international coordination and response to effectively manage these challenges as public health emergencies disregard borders and political structures","qid":2,"docid":"br661awf","rank":49,"score":6.330599784851074},{"content":"The passage discusses the unpredictability of pandemics and regional outbreaks of infectious diseases, as well as sudden-onset disasters like earthquakes and floods. Climate change and environmental degradation are expected to increase the incidence of some diseases and crises. Health leaders need to understand the international context and coordinate responses to effectively manage these challenges, as public health emergencies do not respect borders or political structures. Institutional adaptability can impact health outcomes and community","qid":2,"docid":"f9pk211l","rank":50,"score":6.330598831176758},{"content":"A study analyzing global COVID-19 data shows a northern hemisphere bias in outbreak severity, which can't be fully explained by seasonal weather conditions or transmission rates. Vitamin D is suggested as a potential explanation, but historical controversies and lack of a clear causal framework have hindered acceptance. The study constructs two contrasting DAG models, one causal and one acausal, and finds that the observed data aligns with the causal model's predictions","qid":2,"docid":"rwh56zhg","rank":51,"score":6.330399990081787},{"content":"The study aimed to identify the seasonality of human infectious disease pathogens in England and Wales, focusing on those potentially influenced by climate change. Data from the Public Health England (PHE) SGSS surveillance database was analyzed using the TBATS package in R to detect seasonality. Meteorological data was also extracted to identify correlations with the identified organisms. The results showed that 33% of the 277 pathogen serotypes had season","qid":2,"docid":"0x4zrfw3","rank":52,"score":6.328100204467773},{"content":"A study presented a heuristic staging model, the Wilson\u2013Collmann Scale, to rapidly detect and assess biological events requiring international intervention. The model was developed using grounded theory and retrospective case studies, then applied prospectively through media harvesting. The model provides information on the pathogen's response to disease control measures, infrastructure capabilities, official communication, and international threat level. It can be used for monitoring open-source media for indications and warnings of biological events,","qid":2,"docid":"4pztbu51","rank":53,"score":6.327899932861328},{"content":"During the early months of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, calls for police service in 10 large US cities decreased overall contrary to expectations. Specific call types, such as traffic collisions, saw substantial reductions, while calls to dead bodies significantly increased. Crime and order maintenance calls remained relatively unchanged. These shifts in call types present challenges for law enforcement agencies already dealing with reduced staffing due to the pandemic. Detailed understanding of these changes will help police leaders","qid":2,"docid":"rle6tpx0","rank":54,"score":6.3084001541137695},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) patients by examining previous coronavirus outbreaks and influenza pandemics. Using a data mining approach, the study aimed to answer questions regarding the severity of coinfection (TB and SARS-CoV-2), the effect of TB vaccines on COVID-19, and diagnostic reliability. The findings suggest that infection control is crucial for TB","qid":2,"docid":"gh58t6eh","rank":55,"score":6.304900169372559},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak in India has seen over 2 lakh confirmed cases as of June 4, 2020, with a death rate of 2.81% and a positivity rate of 5.3%. An analysis of daily weather data in nine affected cities over various time frames revealed a low but significant correlation between weather parameters and daily transmission. The strongest correlation was found with minimum temperature, 14 days prior to transmission. Increasing air temperature was","qid":2,"docid":"uj8a09t3","rank":56,"score":6.303699970245361},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between meteorological factors and the spread of COVID-19 in Singapore. Using data from the Ministry of Health, the researchers found positive significant correlations between COVID-19 cases and temperature, dew point, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and water vapor. These findings may aid epidemiologists in understanding SARS-CoV-2 behavior and assist healthcare policymakers in developing strategies to combat COVID-19 in Singapore.","qid":2,"docid":"1bxt21za","rank":57,"score":6.295199871063232},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges and implications of implementing urban resilience, a concept gaining popularity in response to major threats such as climate change and environmental disasters. While much focus has been on defining urban resilience, the implementation process is often overlooked. Implementation presents unique challenges, including extensive coordination, maintaining adaptability, divergent time horizons, and diverse outcomes. The paper also introduces the concept of \"resilience resistance,\" which refers to the inherent barriers","qid":2,"docid":"noa41knv","rank":58,"score":6.250500202178955},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between short-term weather changes and the incidence of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in Singapore from 2001 to 2008. The results indicate a statistically significant association between HFMD and temperature and rainfall, with an increase in maximum temperature above 32\u00b0C raising the risk by 36%, and an increase in weekly cumulative rainfall below 75 mm increasing the","qid":2,"docid":"39yvniki","rank":59,"score":6.218699932098389},{"content":"This paper explores the need for adaptation in global health governance in response to changing socio-economic circumstances and the rise of emerging economies, referred to as 'Rising Powers' (RPs), in the context of the current post-2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals era. The paper draws on the lessons from the ineffective global response to the West African Ebola virus epidemic and discusses the evolution of global health policy and governance since","qid":2,"docid":"op5wcxlg","rank":60,"score":6.203100204467773},{"content":"This study aims to predict the spread of COVID-19 using a weather-inspired probabilistic forecast method. The approach was successful in predicting the outcome in China 35 days after day 25. The method was also applied to Italy and South Korea, with forecasts indicating potential growth in cases for both countries. For Italy, the number of cases could grow to between 101,000 and 180,000, with a","qid":2,"docid":"3sencqst","rank":61,"score":6.198800086975098},{"content":"A survey of 25 European neurosurgical departments revealed significant decreases in resources and indications for neurosurgical procedures during the Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020 compared to December 2019. Neurosurgical beds and neuro-intensive care beds were reduced, and less demand for brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage care led to resource rationing. Eighty percent of departments extensively reduced neurosurg","qid":2,"docid":"mp2f102i","rank":62,"score":6.191800117492676},{"content":"A new human coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, was identified in 2012 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, causing over 2000 cases in five years. This virus, which is primarily spread through human contact and error, is currently not a pandemic threat. Research is ongoing to develop control strategies and understand transmission patterns. The virus is believed to originate from camels, but the means by which they became infected","qid":2,"docid":"i9flug4h","rank":63,"score":6.189300060272217},{"content":"A study titled \"The Twitter Social Mobility Index\" uses geolocated Twitter data to measure social distancing and travel, finding significant reductions in travel in the US after social distancing policies were implemented, with larger reductions in early adopter states. The findings are available at socialmobility.covid19dataresources.org and will be updated throughout the pandemic.","qid":2,"docid":"tnecig63","rank":64,"score":6.178800106048584},{"content":"The passage provides an overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The review discusses the virus's structure, origin, and the body's response to infection. SARS-CoV-2 attacks lung cells using Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptors, leading to pneumonia and Acute Res","qid":2,"docid":"1de98sxz","rank":65,"score":6.161600112915039},{"content":"The passage provides an overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus attacks lung cells through conserved receptor entries, leading to pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The review summarizes the virus's structure, origin, and the body's responses, including the possibility of an immune system over-","qid":2,"docid":"1tl71xqw","rank":66,"score":6.161599159240723},{"content":"A study conducted in Algeria during the COVID-19 confinement period found that 50.3% of respondents were anxious, 48.2% felt stressed, 46.6% were in a bad mood, and 47.4% couldn't stop thinking about the epidemic. Additionally, 87.9% found it difficult to follow confinement instructions, and there were significant changes in sleeping patterns, Internet use, and daily reading","qid":2,"docid":"2xdz6jj6","rank":67,"score":6.140200138092041},{"content":"The European Union's involvement in public health, specifically in combating AIDS, evolved from an accidental situation into a sustainable policy of communicable disease control. This transformation addressed three key questions: why the unexpected case led to a new policy, how it was achieved despite national competency, and how it expanded to cover the enlarged EU. The article explains this process through political factors and public health issues. European integration and eastern enlargement necessitated transborder disease management. Treat","qid":2,"docid":"62va6ikq","rank":68,"score":6.139999866485596},{"content":"The passage discusses the uncertainty of using early-warning signals (EWS) to anticipate epidemic transitions due to the imperfect nature of epidemiological data. The authors demonstrate that most EWS can still predict emergence effectively even with imperfect data. They evaluate the performance of various EWS using the area under the curve (AUC) statistic and find that some, such as mean, variance, first differenced variance, autocorrelation, autocovariance,","qid":2,"docid":"bcbqgb2l","rank":69,"score":6.128799915313721},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential influence of weather conditions and seasons on the spread of COVID-19. There is evidence that viral pathogens, including coronaviruses, spread more easily in cold weather. The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly and had high mortality rates in countries with low temperatures. It is uncertain if the number of COVID-19 cases will decrease in northern hemisphere countries during the summer or if warmer weather will limit the spread in southern hem","qid":2,"docid":"eiek6olk","rank":70,"score":6.125400066375732},{"content":"The article discusses the preparation of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) for mass-casualty incidents (MCIs), which is a topic with limited literature. During an MCI, ICU directors need to prioritize care based on survival chances instead of providing complete care to all patients. Effective preparation involves understanding the disaster response structure, triage, staffing, and treatment. The article offers a detailed review of these topics and proposes a framework based on published literature and expert","qid":2,"docid":"pgrhgggn","rank":71,"score":6.120699882507324},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the postponement of many neurosurgical cases, leading to changes in resident education. A survey of program directors revealed that most programs have reduced resident work weeks and in-hospital census, and are relying more on teleconferencing for meetings and education. Most programs are using faculty- or resident-led lectures, and supplementing education with materials from the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Program directors expressed concerns about continuing","qid":2,"docid":"wa0hdg1u","rank":72,"score":6.096700191497803},{"content":"The Japanese government implemented self-restraint measures against COVID-19 in January 2020, calling on the public to change their behavior. A study based on a survey of 11,342 Japanese citizens found that 85% practiced social distancing and 86% frequently washed their hands. The Diamond Princess cruise ship infection influenced 23% of participants to take precautions. While 60% trusted government information, 20%","qid":2,"docid":"ttbhg0gp","rank":73,"score":6.095399856567383},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing challenge to global health security posed by new, border-crossing public health threats. In response, the International Health Regulations (IHR) have been revised and approved internationally, outlining measures for countries to prepare for and respond to public health emergencies without unduly impacting travel and trade.","qid":2,"docid":"rebll0rk","rank":74,"score":6.086100101470947},{"content":"A study was conducted in Northern Ireland to investigate the use of data-driven classifiers for predicting grass growth in the dairy farming sector. The research aimed to inform farmers and policymakers about sustainable land management. Four classifiers, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Na\u00efve Bayes, and Neural Networks, were evaluated using soil content, weather, and grass quality components data. The results showed that Decision Trees and Random Forest performed better than Na\u00efve Bay","qid":2,"docid":"xanp9nbu","rank":75,"score":6.075799942016602},{"content":"The Italian Health System responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by reorganizing oncology departments, but there were challenges such as inadequate training and protective equipment for health care professionals. A survey of 383 oncology health workers revealed that while most departments had reorganized, only 40.5% were adequately trained and 20% did not receive adequate protective devices. The study concluded that flexibility of oncologic teams was demonstrated, but","qid":2,"docid":"hjyaqmyl","rank":76,"score":6.072199821472168},{"content":"The Italian Health System had to adapt quickly to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to reorganization of oncology departments. A survey of 383 oncology health workers revealed that while most departments had reorganized, only 40.5% were adequately trained and 20% did not receive adequate protective equipment. The study concluded that while oncology teams showed flexibility, the response quality was heterogeneous and several challenges emerged. Key areas for improvement","qid":2,"docid":"v0zpdwr4","rank":77,"score":6.072198867797852},{"content":"The Stirling Protocol is a framework aimed at addressing climate change while balancing economic priorities and social inclusion. According to the 2020 Global Risk Register, extreme weather and climate action failure are the greatest risks to the global economy. The protocol consists of three pillars: Environment, Economy, and Inclusion. By addressing these areas, the protocol can help organizations put the environment at the heart of sustainable prosperity and inclusion, and serve as a benchmark for positive action.","qid":2,"docid":"g8grcy5j","rank":78,"score":6.037300109863281},{"content":"This study examines the impact of weather conditions on the transmission of COVID-19 through respiratory droplets. A mathematical model was developed to explore the evaporation, heat transfer, and kinematics of infectious droplets under various temperature, humidity, and ventilation conditions. The study found that low temperature and high humidity facilitate short-range droplet contacts, while high temperature and low humidity promote the formation and accumulation of PM2.5 aeros","qid":2,"docid":"tyhtdawb","rank":79,"score":6.000999927520752},{"content":"The passage discusses the increased risk and potential complications for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of these conditions on healthcare systems and propose strategies for managing patients in the COVID-19 settings. Existing recommendations and guidelines have limitations for patients with multiple comorbidities, and the reorganization of health services around the pandemic response further exacerbates","qid":2,"docid":"iu2rgpb0","rank":80,"score":5.995100021362305},{"content":"During the Chinese government's lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19, significant reductions in air pollution were recorded in 44 northern Chinese cities. The average decrease in the Air Quality Index (AQI) was 7.80%, with SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO decreasing by 6.76%, 5.93%, 13.66%, 24.67","qid":2,"docid":"wadta686","rank":81,"score":5.995099067687988},{"content":"This study explores the potential role of specific weather conditions in the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The analysis reveals similar winter weather patterns in Wuhan, China, and Northern Italy, where the virus first emerged. The statistical findings suggest that COVID-19 lethality increases 4 times on average under temperatures between 4\u00b0C and 12\u00b0C and relative humidity between 60% and 80%. Factors like median population","qid":2,"docid":"26gf4q1v","rank":82,"score":5.99399995803833},{"content":"A study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to identify effective coping behaviors for individuals prone to anxiety and depression. Of the 17,249 survey responders, 34.66% showed possible depression symptoms and 56.93% exhibited anxiety symptoms. Older females, those with low education and income, and students were more likely to experience depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety were positively linked to self-injury,","qid":2,"docid":"cdxpodfg","rank":83,"score":5.971799850463867},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of COVID-19-related social distancing measures on daily life and the economy. It raises questions about the efficacy of extreme social distancing and explores an alternative approach using voluntary distancing based on an infectious load index or 'infection weather report.'","qid":2,"docid":"xcfk4efo","rank":84,"score":5.968800067901611},{"content":"This study explores risk perceptions towards zoonotic diseases among British veterinary professionals and identifies motivators and barriers to compliance with infection prevention and control practices (IPCs). Majority of the respondents were not concerned about zoonosis risk, but over a third were. About 44% reported contracting a zoonosis, most commonly dermatophytosis. Previous experience with zoonotic cases did not deter professionals from using PPE due to time or","qid":2,"docid":"0tun7fjk","rank":85,"score":5.964600086212158},{"content":"A study examining the relationship between COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, temperature, and Chinese economy used daily temperature, new confirmed cases of COVID-19, and RMB exchange rate. Wavelet Transform Coherence, Partial Wavelet Coherence, and Multiple Wavelet Coherence methods were employed on data from January 21, 2020, to March 31, 2020. Results showed significant coher","qid":2,"docid":"cx3lf0dx","rank":86,"score":5.963900089263916},{"content":"During the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong, general practitioners (GPs) experienced significant changes in their clinical practices and reported anxiety. A survey of 183 family medicine tutors revealed that all GPs had altered their practices, with some over-prescribing antibiotics and requesting more investigations. GPs who had been exposed to SARS or worked in high infection districts were less likely to quarantine themselves. Exposure to SARS,","qid":2,"docid":"z40j06sy","rank":87,"score":5.956999778747559},{"content":"A study examining the relationship between weather indicators and the spread of COVID-19 in six majorly affected states in India was conducted. The Kendall and Spearman rank correlation tests were used to analyze the data, which included daily confirmed, recovered, and deceased cases, as well as average temperature, maximum relative humidity, and maximum wind speed. The results showed that the average temperature and humidity levels seven days prior had a significant impact on the recovery rate of coronavirus","qid":2,"docid":"yi57n8nc","rank":88,"score":5.954500198364258},{"content":"This study explores the potential role of specific weather conditions in the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The analysis reveals similar winter weather patterns in Wuhan, China, and Northern Italy, where the virus first emerged. The statistical findings suggest that COVID-19 lethality worsens significantly under temperatures between 4\u00b0C and 12\u00b0C and relative humidity between 60% and 80%. Factors like median population age and","qid":2,"docid":"04rbtmmi","rank":89,"score":5.942500114440918},{"content":"During the April 2016 heat wave in Cambodia, a mass mortality event affected Chaerephon plicatus and Taphozous theobaldi bats. The investigation suggested heat stress as the primary cause based on field evidence, clinical signs, and gross pathology findings. However, the discovery of a new bat paramyxovirus adds uncertainty about its potential role. Documenting bat die-offs related to extreme weather events is essential to enhance our understanding","qid":2,"docid":"9tqivs5f","rank":90,"score":5.939799785614014},{"content":"The SAGES Continuing Education Committee reported on the findings from the evaluation of the 2012 annual meeting. A survey was conducted among attendees, who identified learning themes such as Bariatric, Hernia, Foregut, and Colorectal. The intended practice changes were improving MIS techniques and managing complications related to MIS procedures. However, partial implementation was common due to barriers like cost restrictions, lack of institutional support, and lack of time.","qid":2,"docid":"x1bp6o8v","rank":91,"score":5.934000015258789},{"content":"A study examining the correlation between weather and the spread of COVID-19 in nine cities in Turkey found the highest correlations were with population, wind speed 14 days ago, and temperature on the day. The analysis used Spearman's correlation coefficients and considered temperature, dew point, humidity, and wind speed as weather parameters. The study's results may help authorities make decisions based on weather conditions to prevent the spread of COVID-19.","qid":2,"docid":"ds3nmssp","rank":92,"score":5.913899898529053},{"content":"The study examines the correlation between weather and the spread of COVID-19 in nine cities in Turkey. Metrics including temperature, dew point, humidity, and wind speed were considered within the incubation period of 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. The results indicated the highest correlations with population, wind speed 14 days prior, and temperature on the day itself. These findings may aid authorities in implementing targeted measures to mitigate the impact","qid":2,"docid":"jxa9h27b","rank":93,"score":5.913898944854736},{"content":"During a pandemic, it's crucial for businesses to reassess their B2B relationships due to disruptions in internal and external environments. Long-term partnerships may not be sufficient for handling disruptive changes, and new opportunities for relationships may arise. This paper proposes a new relationship audit template, called a B2B crisis relationship audit, to help firms navigate the immediate crisis and prepare for future opportunities during the coronavirus outbreak. The audit includes potential steps forward for firms.","qid":2,"docid":"0mikqjpj","rank":94,"score":5.9131999015808105},{"content":"This paper examines the coordination and knowledge transfer process during disease outbreaks using social network analysis. The study explores how multi-agency coordination emerges and the effectiveness of formal and informal mechanisms during different phases of outbreaks. Key lessons learned from past outbreaks, such as H1N1 and SARS, are discussed to improve multi-agency preparedness. A qualitative analysis of Hunter New England Area Health Services' application of these concepts during an H1N","qid":2,"docid":"x6re8787","rank":95,"score":5.899199962615967},{"content":"A new concept, Environmental Infection Rate (RE), was proposed in this study to predict the development of COVID-19 epidemic in the upcoming warm season, considering weather factors. The study found that high RE values, which indicate a higher risk of COVID-19 spread, are prevalent around 30N in winter, but expand and move to higher latitudes in the northern hemisphere as the weather warms, reaching a maximum in April. In contrast, RE values in","qid":2,"docid":"fj3a2y1o","rank":96,"score":5.8856000900268555},{"content":"This study explores the impact of Hurricane Maria on the U.S. pharmaceutical supply chain using a Bayesian Network approach. The pharmaceutical supply chain is crucial for the health care sector, which is considered part of the critical infrastructure. Severe weather events, including hurricanes, can disrupt the supply chain, leading to drug shortages and increased pressure on healthcare providers. The study develops a causality Bayesian model to understand the main events causing risk propagation and dis","qid":2,"docid":"94xsyvux","rank":97,"score":5.879799842834473},{"content":"The passage discusses a study conducted during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic to understand the dynamics of public perception and behavior towards influenza pandemics. Three cross-sectional surveys were administered among Beijing residents, revealing low to moderate risk perception and an optimistic bias. Perceived risk of infection increased, while the perceived risk of obtaining medicine and medical care fluctuated. Most respondents took minimal actions, while a smaller number took coping actions, which increased","qid":2,"docid":"pl2d1yc0","rank":98,"score":5.877699851989746},{"content":"Social scientists are collecting real-time data on how people respond to the pandemic. Economists focus on supply chains, political scientists study government responses and ideology, psychologists monitor children in after-school programs, and behavioral scientists survey thousands of people regarding crisis information.","qid":2,"docid":"h043j0wa","rank":99,"score":5.877200126647949},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak in China, travel restrictions and decreased human mobility led to significant reductions in air pollution in 44 northern cities. The average air quality index (AQI) decreased by 7.80%, and five pollutants (SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO) decreased by varying percentages. The lockdowns reduced human movements by 69.85%, and the decrease","qid":2,"docid":"3suti99o","rank":100,"score":5.8557000160217285}]}
{"query":"will SARS-CoV2 infected people develop immunity? Is cross protection possible?","hits":[{"content":"The SARS-CoV2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that can lead to fatal lower respiratory tract infections and ARDS. The immune response to the virus can result in a \"cytokine storm,\" characterized by high cytokine concentrations, which contributes to lethal symptoms. Individuals with underlying risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and COPD, are","qid":3,"docid":"6dq6gm27","rank":1,"score":11.408499717712402},{"content":"A kidney transplant patient with SARS Cov2 infection experienced a mild disease despite immune suppression, suggesting that immunosuppression may be protective against the severe cytokine storm associated with COVID-19. However, it's crucial that solid organ transplant patients take precautions to prevent infection.","qid":3,"docid":"2c4jk2ms","rank":2,"score":10.782699584960938},{"content":"A 57-year-old man with relapsing-remitting MS treated with fingolimod experienced a reactivation of COVID-19 with hyperinflammation syndrome after withdrawing from the drug. The case suggests that discontinuing fingolimod during COVID-19 could worsen SARS-CoV2 infection. Immunocompromised patients with autoimmune disorders may have severe COVID-19, but some immune therapies could","qid":3,"docid":"kapv6sye","rank":3,"score":10.471099853515625},{"content":"A 57-year-old man with relapsing-remitting MS treated with fingolimod experienced a reactivation of COVID-19 with hyperinflammation syndrome after withdrawing from the drug. The case suggests that discontinuing fingolimod during COVID-19 could worsen SARS-CoV2 infection. Immunocompromised patients with autoimmune disorders may have severe COVID-19 due to weakened immune responses,","qid":3,"docid":"sg55s5nv","rank":4,"score":10.471098899841309},{"content":"The passage discusses two phenomena observed in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the relative absence of clinical signs in children and the early appearance of IgG in certain patients. This early IgG response is typical of secondary immune responses when memory to a cross-reactive antigen is present, a phenomenon known as \"original antigenic sin.\" While these cross-reactive antibodies may not be protective against the new virus, they could potentially enhance infection and","qid":3,"docid":"7k24r3p5","rank":5,"score":10.442399978637695},{"content":"The passage discusses two phenomena observed in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the relative absence of clinical signs in children and the early appearance of IgG in certain patients. This early IgG response is typical of secondary immune responses when memory to a cross-reactive antigen is present, a phenomenon known as \"original antigenic sin.\" While these cross-reactive antibodies may not be protective against the new virus, they could enhance infection and clinical","qid":3,"docid":"nacxjt2f","rank":6,"score":10.442399024963379},{"content":"A subset of COVID-19 patients develop severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) characterized by a cytokine release storm (CRS), which can worsen with anti-inflammatory treatments. The authors hypothesize that the intrinsic circadian clock of the lung and immune system may regulate CRS components, suggesting that chronotherapy could effectively manage ARDS in COVID-19 patients.","qid":3,"docid":"7gqzyzjz","rank":7,"score":10.384300231933594},{"content":"A subset of COVID-19 patients develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) characterized by a cytokine release storm (CRS). Contrary to expectations, treatment with anti-inflammatory agents and immune regulators has worsened ARDS. The authors propose that the intrinsic circadian clock of the lung and immune system may regulate CRS components, suggesting that chronotherapy could effectively manage ARDS in COVID-19 patients.","qid":3,"docid":"behe7zl6","rank":8,"score":10.384299278259277},{"content":"A recovered COVID-19 patient with previous positive serology and multiple negative PCR tests was later re-infected, as indicated by a positive RT-PCR test and a second IgM seroconversion. The implications of this case for understanding the durability of immunity to SARS-CoV2 are open to interpretation.","qid":3,"docid":"38mhmxvd","rank":9,"score":10.368300437927246},{"content":"The passage discusses the mystery of why most children experience mild or no symptoms from COVID-19, while a small number are severely affected. The editorial by Brodin proposes a potential explanation: cross immunity from previous exposure to seasonal coronaviruses.","qid":3,"docid":"wfftfkam","rank":10,"score":10.245800018310547},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, causing COVID-19 and leading to a global health emergency. The virus shares immune response characteristics with other coronaviruses and affects the interferon pathway, making treatments targeting immune modulation potentially useful. A review of current evidence on coronavirus immunity and its applicability to SARS-CoV2 was conducted, along with a description","qid":3,"docid":"rq5nqm92","rank":11,"score":10.241600036621094},{"content":"A study was conducted using bioinformatics and computational modeling to discover new substances for anti-COVID-19 drug development against SARS-CoV2. Ninety-seven antiviral secondary metabolites from fungi were docked onto five SARS-CoV2 enzymes and subjected to molecular dynamics simulation and in silico ADMET prediction. Three fumiquinazoline alkaloids, a polyketide, and a","qid":3,"docid":"osjyyz1e","rank":12,"score":10.14490032196045},{"content":"The passage discusses the development of vaccines against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens, which is a coronavirus causing respiratory disease and nephritis. IBV replicates in various tissues and can persist in chickens. Live attenuated IBV vaccines were introduced in the 1950s, followed by inactivated vaccines for boosting protection in egg-laying birds. Live vaccines provide","qid":3,"docid":"94dughd1","rank":13,"score":10.101499557495117},{"content":"The passage discusses the development of vaccines against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens, which is a coronavirus causing respiratory disease and nephritis. IBV replicates in various tissues and can persist in chickens. Live attenuated IBV vaccines were introduced in the 1950s, followed by inactivated vaccines for boosting protection in egg-laying birds. Live vaccines provide","qid":3,"docid":"fdkwklzj","rank":14,"score":10.1014986038208},{"content":"A novel coronavirus identified as SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic since December 2019, with over 4.5 million infected and 300,000 deaths as of May 16, 2020. Effective treatment remains a challenge, and targeted therapeutics are under investigation. The papain-like protease (PLPro) from SARS-CoV-2 is a cysteine","qid":3,"docid":"51n5mnjb","rank":15,"score":10.059000015258789},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for urgent surgical care for patients infected with SARS-CoV2 poses a risk to other patients and hospital staff. Healthcare workers, who make up 17% of infected population in Poland, must be protected to ensure continuity of surgical care. Hospitals should prepare for performing surgery on infected patients, including having adequate personal protective equipment. Clear guidelines are necessary for qualifying patients for surgery, stratifying infection risk","qid":3,"docid":"kbyf6u49","rank":16,"score":10.044899940490723},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for surgical management of patients with negative test results for the SARS-CoV2 virus poses a risk to other patients and hospital staff. Healthcare workers, who make up nearly 17% of infected individuals in Poland, highlight the importance of early identification to protect human resources and maintain access to surgical care. Both surgical operations and endoscopic procedures carry an increased risk of infection, making it crucial to establish an","qid":3,"docid":"p5h752r6","rank":17,"score":10.044898986816406},{"content":"A study was conducted to explore variations in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of SARS-CoV2 genome and their potential impact on host RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate genome stability. The researchers analyzed 8595 complete and high-coverage SARS-CoV2 genome sequences from 15 geographical regions and identified 28 unique U","qid":3,"docid":"qp16o05y","rank":18,"score":10.043999671936035},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of host serine proteases in processing viral proteins, including the coronavirus spike glycoprotein. The spike glycoprotein contains three cleavage sites (S1, S2, and S2\u2032) that are processed by human proteases, affecting the virus's ability to cross species and pathogenicity. Comparisons of highly pathogenic and less pathogenic coronaviruses have identified potential mutations","qid":3,"docid":"j1370ljf","rank":19,"score":10.009200096130371},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of host serine proteases in processing viral proteins, including the coronavirus spike glycoprotein. The spike glycoprotein contains three cleavage sites (S1, S2, and S2') that are processed by human proteases, affecting the virus's ability to cross species and pathogenicity. Comparisons of highly pathogenic and less pathogenic coronaviruses have identified potential mutations in","qid":3,"docid":"vn3ugk4f","rank":20,"score":10.009199142456055},{"content":"A study was conducted using bioinformatics and computational modeling to discover new substances for anti-COVID-19 drug development against SARS-CoV2. Ninety-seven antiviral secondary metabolites from fungi were docked onto five SARS-CoV2 enzymes and underwent molecular dynamics simulation and in silico ADMET prediction. Three fumiquinazoline alkaloids, a polyketide, and a","qid":3,"docid":"mx92p318","rank":21,"score":9.993499755859375},{"content":"The passage expresses concerns about the potential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2, which can amplify viral infections or trigger immunopathology. No clear differentiators exist between severe viral infections and immune-enhanced diseases, and in vitro systems and animal models cannot accurately predict ADE risk. Comprehensive studies are needed to define clinical correlates of protective immunity against SARS-CoV","qid":3,"docid":"x73moqog","rank":22,"score":9.95009994506836},{"content":"A study reports the immunogenicity and potential of using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, as a vaccine. Immunization with SARS-CoV-2 RBD recombinant proteins in mice produced antibodies that blocked the virus from binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), inhibited cell-","qid":3,"docid":"ygwdldae","rank":23,"score":9.839300155639648},{"content":"A global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 8 million people, including 2 million in the US (June 17th, 2020). The urgent need for vaccines and therapeutics, as well as diagnostic tools, is critical. While molecular assays detect viral genetic material and serological assays determine humoral responses, functional antibodies can be detected through neutralization of live SARS-CoV-","qid":3,"docid":"qpbgq5d8","rank":24,"score":9.798299789428711},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, antivirals are crucial to treat infected individuals before an effective vaccine is developed and deployed. To identify potential antivirals against the SARS-CoV2 Mpro protease, a structural similarity search was conducted between Mpro and the HCV NS3\/4A protease. The results showed significant three-dimensional similarity, leading to the hypothesis that existing drugs targeting HCV NS3\/4A might also bind to","qid":3,"docid":"vvf3ei6v","rank":25,"score":9.719300270080566},{"content":"Dengue is a common mosquito-borne disease causing significant health and economic concerns, with approximately 390 million infections and 96 million clinical cases annually. A single licensed dengue vaccine only protects those who have been previously infected. This review discusses immune components and their interaction with the dengue virus, current vaccine development, and challenges, including the presence of multiple serotypes, antibody-dependent enhancement, and cross-reactivity with other flav","qid":3,"docid":"brb6pfte","rank":26,"score":9.602999687194824},{"content":"The passage discusses the immunology and treatment options for COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2. Since no protective immunity exists in humans and the virus can evade innate immune responses, it can easily spread and cause cell death, releasing virus particles and intracellular components that trigger immune responses and inflammation. Monocytes\/macrophages and uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses","qid":3,"docid":"528p64iu","rank":27,"score":9.588500022888184},{"content":"The passage discusses the immunology and treatment options for COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2. Since no protective immunity exists in humans and the virus can evade innate immune responses, it can proliferate in primarily infected tissues, leading to cell death and the release of virus particles and intracellular components. This results in immune cell recruitment, immune complexes, and associated damage. Monocytes\/macroph","qid":3,"docid":"r7ahl9gd","rank":28,"score":9.588499069213867},{"content":"Some countries, including Sweden, initially pursued a herd immunity strategy to combat COVID-19 with minimal restrictions, aiming to reach 60-70% infection rate for herd immunity. However, this approach resulted in higher death tolls compared to countries like Germany and Taiwan, which implemented stricter measures. Sweden experienced three times more deaths per 10 million inhabitants (2679) than Germany (6848), and the comparison with Taiwan","qid":3,"docid":"8e1fkafa","rank":29,"score":9.522500038146973},{"content":"Some countries, including Sweden, initially pursued a herd immunity strategy to combat COVID-19 with minimal restrictions, aiming to reach 60-70% infection rate for herd immunity. However, this approach resulted in higher death tolls compared to countries like Germany and Taiwan, which implemented stricter measures. Sweden experienced three times more deaths per 10 million inhabitants (2679) than Germany (6848), and the comparison with Taiwan","qid":3,"docid":"j7dmxpaf","rank":30,"score":9.522499084472656},{"content":"The passage discusses the history of cross-reactive immune responses in vaccination, starting with Edward Jenner's successful vaccination of a young man against smallpox using cowpox virus in 1796. The author explains that this cross-reactive protection is rare but becoming more recognized, and reviews the concept of T cell recognition and promiscuity in relation to viral immunodominant epitopes. Two approaches to developing wide-spectrum vir","qid":3,"docid":"ae2x2wpg","rank":31,"score":9.51200008392334},{"content":"SARS-COV-2, the cause of COVID-19, is a highly infectious virus responsible for a global health crisis with a wider range of symptoms than previous human coronaviruses.","qid":3,"docid":"nfvbog77","rank":32,"score":9.468700408935547},{"content":"The passage discusses the complex etiology of kidney injury in COVID-19 patients, which includes both direct damage from the virus and indirect effects from cell-mediated immunity, cytokine storm, and organ cross-talk. Autopsy and biopsy studies have found virions within kidney cells and evidence of podocyte and tubular cell anomalies. Dialysis patients, including children, are at high risk for contracting COVID-19","qid":3,"docid":"h9v5jqfc","rank":33,"score":9.447699546813965},{"content":"A study investigated the role of human MHC alleles in COVID-19 outcomes by clustering affected countries based on their HLA frequencies and comparing death rates. The research also modeled 3D structures of HLA-A*02:01 presenting immunogenic epitopes from SARS-CoV-1 and compared them with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, revealing molecular conservation and potential cross-protection. The findings suggest","qid":3,"docid":"in48pd8t","rank":34,"score":9.431500434875488},{"content":"This review article discusses the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 and proposes medical treatments based on current literature and the authors' experience. The article is divided into three sections. The first section covers clinical aspects of COVID-19, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and known treatments. The second section summarizes the structure and functions of SARS-CoV2 and suggests potential antiviral drugs. The third section","qid":3,"docid":"feo0axgx","rank":35,"score":9.424099922180176},{"content":"The passage discusses the higher transmission rate and mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing Covid-19) compared to other community-acquired coronaviruses. The author suggests that past vaccinations, particularly those containing tetanus, diphtheria toxoids, and inactivated bacteria as pertussis, may stimulate the immune system and generate a scattered immunity against non-self antigens like coronavir","qid":3,"docid":"342thf3o","rank":36,"score":9.402000427246094},{"content":"The passage discusses the higher transmission rate and mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 compared to other community-acquired coronaviruses. The mortality rate is significantly higher due to the development of severe lung injury. Children and younger people are protected from severe clinical presentation, possibly due to past vaccinations stimulating the immune system and generating scattered immunity against non-self antigens like coronaviruses. Historical pandemics and recent studies on immun","qid":3,"docid":"jfe8neec","rank":37,"score":9.401999473571777},{"content":"The passage discusses the current knowledge on respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity (HI), focusing on humoral and cellular cross-reactivity. HI occurs when the immune response to one antigen alters the response to a second antigen. The passage covers various respiratory viruses such as RSV, RV, CoV, and IV, and their T cell receptor and humoral cross-reactivity mechanisms. Newly developed vaccines that","qid":3,"docid":"4e2j89uy","rank":38,"score":9.389399528503418},{"content":"The passage discusses the current knowledge on respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity (HI), focusing on humoral and cellular cross-reactivity. HI occurs when the immune response to one antigen alters the response to a second antigen. The passage covers various respiratory viruses such as RSV, RV, CoV, and IV, and their T cell receptor and humoral cross-reactivity mechanisms. It also explores the implications","qid":3,"docid":"p4nv2a66","rank":39,"score":9.389398574829102},{"content":"A single dose of the new repRNA-CoV2S vaccine, which uses RNA replicon and a novel Lipid InOrganic Nanoparticle (LION) for stability and delivery, induces robust neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and nonhuman primates. This vaccine candidate, which elicits a Type 1 T helper response and potent T cell responses, has the potential to rapidly confer protection and","qid":3,"docid":"wzv8n34v","rank":40,"score":9.366000175476074},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS COV2 virus has no defensive immunity in humans and can propagate unhindered. No unique therapies are currently available for infected patients, but insights from previous respiratory viral infections have guided COVID-19 therapy. Complementary treatments such as immune-modulators, antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusions, and natural products have provided curative benefits in some patients. O","qid":3,"docid":"kpdfkl4e","rank":41,"score":9.356300354003906},{"content":"Five years after the SARS outbreak, several candidate vaccines for SARS-CoV are in development, focusing on the spike protein. Animals immunized with various types of vaccines, including inactivated whole virus, live-recombinant, DNA, and viral vector vaccines, have developed neutralizing antibodies and were protected against SARS-CoV challenge. The commercial viability of a SARS vaccine depends on the potential re","qid":3,"docid":"87g7g5au","rank":42,"score":9.341899871826172},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop a high-throughput multiplex screening assay for detecting IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV in human plasma using Spike and Nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. The assay's accuracy was 100% for Spike and 99.9% for NC, with most patients seroconverting within ","qid":3,"docid":"ph6pxseu","rank":43,"score":9.312700271606445},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop a high-throughput multiplex screening assay for detecting IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV in human plasma using Spike and Nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. The assay's accuracy was 100% for Spike and 99.9% for NC, with most patients seroconverting within ","qid":3,"docid":"vvz5spk7","rank":44,"score":9.312699317932129},{"content":"A bioinformatics approach was used to design a multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV2, the virus causing COVID-19. The vaccine was rich in BCR and TCR epitopes from the S-protein sequence, predicted to be antigenic, non-toxic, and non-allergenic. The tertiary structure was modeled and refined, and binding with TLR2\/4 indicated promising results. The","qid":3,"docid":"7dw32xby","rank":45,"score":9.227299690246582},{"content":"The passage discusses the three phases of an epidemic and how the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the UK and Italy is expected to conform to this pattern based on epidemiological theory. The authors calibrate a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model to data on cumulative reported deaths and explore the sensitivity of the system to the actual fraction of the population vulnerable to severe disease and death. The simulations suggest the current epidemic waves","qid":3,"docid":"n10abfvd","rank":46,"score":9.2076997756958},{"content":"A new model has emerged to help understand the mechanisms and opportunities for preventing and treating COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV2. The model focuses on the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) and the role of the viral receptor Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in RAS signaling. The infection is mediated by this receptor on human cell membranes. The model","qid":3,"docid":"bayj4dtg","rank":47,"score":9.185099601745605},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for additional strategies to control influenza infections, particularly during pandemics, as current methods are not sufficient. Cross-protection against various influenza A subtypes in animals is achieved through different immunization methods. The article explores how this cross-protection works in animals and its potential application to induce similar protection in humans.","qid":3,"docid":"1s0jw2bd","rank":48,"score":9.16819953918457},{"content":"A live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV2 vaccine candidate named YF-S0, using the yellow fever 17D vaccine as a vector to express the SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigen, induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies and Th1 cell-mediated immune response in mice. In hamster challenge model, YF-S0 prevents infection with SARS-","qid":3,"docid":"zwsvlnwe","rank":49,"score":9.161100387573242},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for serological tests to complement PCR in diagnosing COVID-19, contact tracing, monitoring infections, and assessing herd immunity. However, cross-reactivity is a challenge due to similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. The study compared four serological tests and found significant cross-reactivity when using N proteins but better specificity with S1 or RBD regions from the sp","qid":3,"docid":"9skvbk8m","rank":50,"score":9.06779956817627},{"content":"Two studies have found that COVID-19 patients have T cells that target SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. These cells may aid in recovery and could indicate the development of long-term protective immunity. Some people without a known SARS-CoV-2 infection also have these T cells, likely due to previous exposure to other coronaviruses. Virologist Angela Rasmussen of Columbia University views this as encouraging data for","qid":3,"docid":"88px7oq2","rank":51,"score":9.050100326538086},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of ribosomal proteins (RPs) from bacillus sp. and yeast as a new approach for blocking the replication of SARS-COV2, the virus causing COVID-19. RPs play a crucial role in viral protein biosynthesis and regulation of viral replication inside host cells. While most RPs facilitate virus activation and accumulation, a small percentage triggers the immune pathway","qid":3,"docid":"auzknkbx","rank":52,"score":9.042699813842773},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of ribosomal proteins (RPs) from bacillus sp. and yeast as a tool for blocking SARS-COV2 virus replication for a prospective treatment for COVID-19. RPs play a crucial role in viral protein biosynthesis and replication inside host cells, but only a small percentage of them are responsible for host cell protection by triggering the immune pathway against the virus.","qid":3,"docid":"uwmk2a5b","rank":53,"score":9.042698860168457},{"content":"The passage suggests that prior exposure to certain coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, may confer partial immunity to each other due to their sequence homology and antigenic epitopes. The low morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 in Asia and the Middle East, where multiple rounds of coronavirus infections have occurred, may be due to the buildup of","qid":3,"docid":"01q4pu9k","rank":54,"score":9.026200294494629},{"content":"Researchers have studied the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in people worldwide using recombinant proteins from the viral genome. They found potential cross-reactivity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with the full spike proteins of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 using ELISAs. The","qid":3,"docid":"yigj0u3n","rank":55,"score":9.016300201416016},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing challenge of developing an effective universal vaccine against influenza A viruses, which continue to evolve and cause epidemics and pandemics. The authors propose a strategy for creating a vaccine using conserved antigens that induce cross-protective antibody and cytotoxic T-cell responses. Two promising candidates for such a vaccine are the antigenically conserved fusion-active subunit of hemagglutinin (HA2 g","qid":3,"docid":"dc7fn26s","rank":56,"score":8.988200187683105},{"content":"Cancer patients, particularly those with lung cancer, may have elevated ACE2 expression in their normal tissues adjacent to tumors, increasing their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond the impact of immune-suppressing treatments.","qid":3,"docid":"p15bdmo2","rank":57,"score":8.93649959564209},{"content":"The passage discusses the clinical performance of various SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests, including Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Vircell COVID-19 ELISA IgG, FaStep COVID-19 IgG\/IgM Rapid Test Device, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The study tested follow-","qid":3,"docid":"bah2ege0","rank":58,"score":8.90820026397705},{"content":"A study was conducted to assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera using four different serological tests. The results showed significant cross-reactivity when the N protein of both viruses was used, but the S1 or RBD derived spike protein offered better specificity. Capture ELISA performed best among the different platforms. SARS survivors were found to have significant levels of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection","qid":3,"docid":"0jl6qu0i","rank":59,"score":8.87090015411377},{"content":"A study was conducted to assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera using four different serological tests. The results showed significant cross-reactivity when the N protein of both viruses was used, but the S1 or RBD derived spike protein offered better specificity. Capture ELISA performed best among the different platforms. SARS survivors were found to have significant levels of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection","qid":3,"docid":"0yj3xp9s","rank":60,"score":8.870899200439453},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop a prophylactic vaccine against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using recombinant baculoviruses, vAc-N and vAc-S, which contained the mammalian-cell activate promoter element, human elongation factor 1\u03b1-subunit (EF-1\u03b1), the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate","qid":3,"docid":"9u2tl1d5","rank":61,"score":8.821999549865723},{"content":"Vaccines prevent infections and illnesses by establishing protection in immunized individuals. Two types of immunization exist: active and passive. Passive immunization involves administering immunoglobulin preparations to neutralize specific viruses. It's used in special cases, such as post-exposure prophylaxis or exposure prophylaxis. Protection lasts only a few weeks, and its use is limited due to the short window of effectiveness and","qid":3,"docid":"afzjx2ci","rank":62,"score":8.805700302124023},{"content":"A systematic review of studies on antibody immunity to various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, was conducted to understand the duration and nature of protection against future infections. The review focused on five areas: antibody kinetics, correlates of protection, immunopathogenesis, antigenic diversity, and population seroprevalence. The findings from studies on other coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-1","qid":3,"docid":"yzffm05r","rank":63,"score":8.783499717712402},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increasing demand for such tests. However, interpreting test results requires consideration of factors such as sensitivity, specificity, cross-reactivity, cross-protectivity, and the use of antibody testing for acutely ill patients or epidemiological settings. The COVID-19 Task Force of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and","qid":3,"docid":"tveeq4fj","rank":64,"score":8.706700325012207},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, managing patients with immunological and oncological skin conditions requires careful consideration due to limited data on drug interactions. Immunosuppressants and antineoplastics for dermatologic treatments generally do not require suspension or special measures, but their use should be weighed against the patient's overall condition and the risk-benefit ratio in case of COVID-19 complications. Under-treatment of existing skin conditions","qid":3,"docid":"69kkffjo","rank":65,"score":8.703200340270996},{"content":"The passage discusses the questions surrounding immunity-based protection against COVID-19, specifically why some infected individuals have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, why delayed and weak antibody responses are linked to severe outcomes, and why a positive molecular test does not necessarily indicate the presence of protective antibody IgG. The text suggests that T cell responses may hold the answer to these questions and that studying SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells can help advance the development","qid":3,"docid":"rs79r7kc","rank":66,"score":8.695199966430664},{"content":"The passage discusses the questions surrounding immunity-based protection against COVID-19 and the potential role of T cells in providing protective immunity. While SARS-CoV-2 induces severe symptoms such as pneumonia and lymphopenia, some infected individuals have mild or no symptoms, and delayed or weak antibody responses are associated with severe outcomes. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in molecular tests does not necessarily indicate the presence of protective antib","qid":3,"docid":"rsz7ch2a","rank":67,"score":8.695199012756348},{"content":"A controlled, double-blind, randomized trial is being conducted at the Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital to assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HC) as a chemoprophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare professionals. The study includes 450 healthcare professionals aged 18-65, working in high-risk areas and providing informed consent. Participants will be random","qid":3,"docid":"6ngxo8ff","rank":68,"score":8.68809986114502},{"content":"A controlled, double-blind, randomized trial is being conducted at the Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital to assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HC) as a chemoprophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare professionals. The study includes 450 healthcare professionals aged 18-65, working in high-risk areas and providing informed consent. Participants will be random","qid":3,"docid":"rxvxf34z","rank":69,"score":8.688098907470703},{"content":"AHCC, a standardized mushroom extract, has been investigated as an immunostimulant for various viral infections. While not yet evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19), its ability to promote protective immune responses against a wide range of viruses makes it a potential preventive measure in the absence of effective vaccines for COVID-19. The current pandemic, affecting over 100,000 people","qid":3,"docid":"agmfh8h9","rank":70,"score":8.684399604797363},{"content":"AHCC, a standardized mushroom extract, has been investigated as an immunostimulant for various viral infections. While not yet tested specifically for COVID-19, its ability to promote protective immune responses against a wide range of viruses makes it a potential preventative measure for coronavirus diseases, including COVID-19, in the absence of effective vaccines. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has","qid":3,"docid":"yuxb2jz9","rank":71,"score":8.684398651123047},{"content":"A study suggests that inducing airway memory CD4+(T) cells specific for a conserved epitope shared by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV could be a strategy for creating pan-coronavirus vaccines. These cells, which differ from lung-derived cells, are crucial for protection against both viruses in mice and are interferon-\u03b3-dependent. Early induction of innate and virus-specific CD8+(T) cells","qid":3,"docid":"fj2rjmop","rank":72,"score":8.679499626159668},{"content":"The passage discusses the lack of cross-neutralization between SARS patient sera and SARS-CoV-2, despite their genetic relation and shared entry receptor. However, neutralizing antibodies were detected in recovered SARS patients years after infection, which will aid in the development of serologic tests, convalescent plasma therapy strategies, and assessing the durability of protective immunity for SARS-related coronaviruses and vaccine eff","qid":3,"docid":"8i1u1a9t","rank":73,"score":8.638699531555176},{"content":"The passage discusses the lack of cross-neutralization between SARS patient sera and SARS-CoV-2, despite their genetic relation and shared entry receptor. However, neutralizing antibodies were detected in recovered SARS patients years after infection, which will aid in the development of serologic tests, convalescent plasma therapy strategies, and assessing the durability of protective immunity for SARS-related coronaviruses and vaccine eff","qid":3,"docid":"buwz6lu3","rank":74,"score":8.63869857788086},{"content":"The passage describes the optimization of conditions for generating pseudotyped viral particles using the SARS-COV2 Spike glycoprotein. Deleting the last 19 amino acids of the cytoplasmic tail, stably expressing human ACE-2 receptor and TMPRSS2, and modifying a single amino acid in the furin cleavage site all enhanced the production of infectious particles. The optimized","qid":3,"docid":"4t6f7wul","rank":75,"score":8.635100364685059},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for new treatments for COVID-19 as there are currently no approved options and several people develop severe symptoms. Three inflammatory conditions associated with immune dysfunction from cellular therapies - Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) - share similarities","qid":3,"docid":"f7wk75cm","rank":76,"score":8.62720012664795},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for new treatments for COVID-19 as there are currently no approved options and several people develop severe symptoms. Three inflammatory conditions associated with immune dysfunction from cellular therapies - Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) - share similarities","qid":3,"docid":"sjx512z2","rank":77,"score":8.627199172973633},{"content":"NK cells are crucial components of the innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. They can directly target infected cells without requiring antigen presentation. NK cells also collaborate with other cells like dendritic cells to amplify and regulate adaptive immune responses. This review explores the role of NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19, acknowled","qid":3,"docid":"acn0mvax","rank":78,"score":8.597800254821777},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, is a global pandemic leading to severe respiratory illness in millions with hundreds of thousands of deaths. Many infected individuals are asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms. Understanding the virus's pathogenesis and immune response is crucial for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the protective adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for an effective vaccine.","qid":3,"docid":"bcqdm2b1","rank":79,"score":8.597000122070312},{"content":"A study developed two recombinant influenza vaccine candidates by fusing HA1 fragment of A\/Anhui\/1\/2005(H5N1) to Fc of human IgG (HA1-Fc) or foldon plus Fc (HA1-Fdc). These vaccines induced strong immune responses and cross-neutralized infections against various H5N1 strains. Immunization with HA1-Fdc provided complete cross","qid":3,"docid":"bk6sawaf","rank":80,"score":8.596099853515625},{"content":"The passage discusses the link between obesity and poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, with obesity contributing to a heightened immune response and increased risk of ICU admission and mortality. Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis, is suggested as a potential therapeutic option due to its ability to suppress cytokine activity and decrease IL-","qid":3,"docid":"6kz0iws6","rank":81,"score":8.593099594116211},{"content":"A study used protein microarray technology and serum samples to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV2 antigens, comparing results to DBS cards and venipuncture-based serum separator tubes. The test identified IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies with high clinical sensitivity (98.1%) and specificity (98.6%). DBS cards matched accurately with venipuncture results, enabling mass","qid":3,"docid":"8uu10t4p","rank":82,"score":8.591899871826172},{"content":"A new tetravalent dengue vaccine has been developed using a complex adenovirus platform that expresses antigens of all four dengue virus serotypes. The vaccine, consisting of a pair of vectors expressing the premembrane and envelope genes of two different serotypes each, mimics natural infections and induces both humoral and cellular immune responses against multiple serotypes in animal models. The humoral responses were found to be neutralizing","qid":3,"docid":"hhq0wmgg","rank":83,"score":8.57509994506836},{"content":"A case is presented of a patient who recovered from COVID-19 but later experienced new respiratory symptoms, radiographical findings, laboratory results, and positive RT-PCR tests, raising concerns of reinfection. The implications of this case are discussed in relation to the ongoing debate about dynamic RT-PCR results, prolonged viral shedding, and the development of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.","qid":3,"docid":"aed6psww","rank":84,"score":8.571499824523926},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential effects of pioglitazone on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who contract COVID-19. Pioglitazone may have a dual role in COVID-19, increasing the risk of infection due to its upregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is used by the virus to enter cells, but also potentially protecting against acute lung injury by reducing","qid":3,"docid":"q1ai1ilp","rank":85,"score":8.568599700927734},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential effects of pioglitazone on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have COVID-19. Pioglitazone may have a dual role in COVID-19 as it can increase the risk of infection due to upregulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is used by the virus to enter cells. However, it can also protect against acute lung injury","qid":3,"docid":"y3489g72","rank":86,"score":8.568598747253418},{"content":"A group of experts discussed the potential connection between electronic nicotine delivery systems (ECs) and the worsening of COVID-19 outcomes for young consumers. The pandemic and its impact on health systems have highlighted the need to understand the risks associated with EC use and its potential impact on COVID-19 prognosis. While theories suggest ECs may increase the risk of severe COVID-19, more research is needed to confirm this.","qid":3,"docid":"3a7nvzfx","rank":87,"score":8.568400382995605},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) poses a global health threat due to its high rate of spread and severe respiratory infection. With no vaccines or antivirals available, there is an urgent need for safe and effective treatments. Vaccine development strategies include complete vaccines, subunits, and nucleic acids, but are still in the early stages. Current priority is given to marketed drugs such as","qid":3,"docid":"h2xn9n20","rank":88,"score":8.501399993896484},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) poses a global health threat due to its high rate of spread and severe respiratory infection. With no vaccines or antivirals available, there is an urgent need for safe and effective treatments. Strategies for vaccine development are ongoing, but priority is given to marketed drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide","qid":3,"docid":"yzb8pouz","rank":89,"score":8.501399040222168},{"content":"The SARS-CoV2 infection caused by COVID-19 leads to different clinical phenotypes based on the amount of cytokines released. Mild cases have a balanced cytokine response, severe cases experience a cytokine storm leading to lung damage, and critical cases have an uncontrolled immune response resembling secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in multi-organ failure. An immune-modul","qid":3,"docid":"5rc9x979","rank":90,"score":8.498299598693848},{"content":"The SARS-CoV2 infection caused by COVID-19 leads to different clinical phenotypes based on the amount of cytokines released. Mild cases have a balanced cytokine response, severe cases experience a cytokine storm leading to lung damage, and critical cases have an uncontrolled immune response resembling secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, potentially resulting in multi-organ failure. An immune-mod","qid":3,"docid":"vt56yqel","rank":91,"score":8.498298645019531},{"content":"The passage discusses the need to identify populations at high risk of mortality from COVID-19 infection to help healthcare providers take early action and prevent care centers from being overwhelmed. While there are methods for diagnosing COVID-19 infection, none can quickly identify those at high risk of death. The passage suggests using nanobased technologies such as protein corona sensor arrays and magnetic levitation to discriminate COVID-19-infected individuals with a higher risk of death in the early","qid":3,"docid":"44tjfttb","rank":92,"score":8.491900444030762},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a high mortality rate of approximately 2%, with many infected individuals recovering at home. Identifying populations at risk of mortality from COVID-19 infection could help healthcare providers take early action and prevent care centers from being overwhelmed. Currently, no fast diagnosis method exists for COVID-19 infections that are likely to be fatal. This perspective proposes the use of nanobased technologies,","qid":3,"docid":"7ns5omnu","rank":93,"score":8.491899490356445},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop a cross-protective epitope-based vaccine against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the pathogen causing porcine contagious pleuropneumonia. Six epitopes were selected from the head domain of trimeric autotransporter adhesin and connected to form a recombinant tandem antigen (rta) gene. Mice were immunized with the RTA protein","qid":3,"docid":"9emycw07","rank":94,"score":8.488699913024902},{"content":"The study characterizes the Korean variant IBV K40\/09 for its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against seven different IBV serotypes. Chickens immunized with IBV K40\/09 showed significant protection against all challenge viruses at the trachea and kidney levels, suggesting its potential as a cross-protective vaccine candidate in IBV control strategies.","qid":3,"docid":"8hon8anb","rank":95,"score":8.464400291442871},{"content":"The study investigated the relationship between Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination policies and COVID-19 cases and deaths in various countries. The results showed that countries with universal BCG vaccination policies had significantly fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths per million population compared to those without such policies. The study suggested that BCG may offer protection from COVID-19 through mechanisms such as trained immunity, epigenetic reprogramming, and production of","qid":3,"docid":"1waejlwb","rank":96,"score":8.455900192260742},{"content":"A study developed two optimized M2e DNA vaccines based on the N-terminal extracellular region of the influenza virus M2 protein for cross-protection against various influenza strains. The vaccines, p-tPA-p3M2e and p-p3M2e, increased antigenic epitope density and enhanced antigen secretion, resulting in high M2e-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice","qid":3,"docid":"ekxq4l9a","rank":97,"score":8.453700065612793},{"content":"Serum antibodies from individuals recovered from SARS-CoV infection and from animals immunized against SARS-CoV can cross-neutralize SARS-CoV-2, providing insights for developing universal vaccines against emerging coronaviruses. The study found that sera from SARS-CoV patients reacted strongly with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and neutralized both SARS-CoV and SARS-","qid":3,"docid":"7jwhypgs","rank":98,"score":8.449999809265137},{"content":"The NOSO-COR Project is a multicentre, international, prospective observational study aimed at documenting suspected or confirmed cases of nosocomial SARS-CoV2 infection in hospitals in France and those affiliated with the GABRIEL network. Demographic and clinical data will be collected, along with nasopharyngeal swabs for RT-PCR testing. The study will analyze the characteristics of study participants and the proportion of confirmed nosocomial","qid":3,"docid":"zzp6cj76","rank":99,"score":8.440299987792969},{"content":"The passage suggests that obese men with cardiovascular factors experience more severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the role of visceral fat in the gut-lymphatics-lung axis. SARS-CoV-2 can infect both respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells, leading to increased intestinal permeability from various factors. This permeability increase allows for the translocation of microbial components","qid":3,"docid":"rd4iqz1o","rank":100,"score":8.43910026550293}]}
{"query":"what causes death from Covid-19?","hits":[{"content":"A study using ONS data from England and Wales found that during the Covid-19 pandemic, there were an additional 968 weekly deaths that did not involve Covid-19, beyond what would have been expected. Reasons for this increase could be Covid-19 underreporting, avoidance of hospitals, or lockdown effects. Further analysis of the causes of these excess non-Covid-19 deaths is necessary to inform policy responses.","qid":4,"docid":"2jttlljm","rank":1,"score":8.748900413513184},{"content":"A study using ONS data from England and Wales found an additional 968 weekly deaths not officially linked to Covid-19 during the pandemic, suggesting potential underreporting, hospital avoidance, or lockdown effects. Further analysis of causes of excess non-Covid-19 deaths is necessary to inform policy responses.","qid":4,"docid":"qg4xl5w8","rank":2,"score":8.748899459838867},{"content":"A study using data from England and Wales found that there were an additional 531 non-covid-19 deaths during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to what would have been expected, based on pre-pandemic trends. The findings were consistent with the results of an interrupted time series model. The reasons for this increase are not yet clear and further analysis of cause of death data is needed to inform policy responses.","qid":4,"docid":"ev9p2apu","rank":3,"score":7.940199851989746},{"content":"A study was conducted in Portugal to estimate excess all-cause mortality during the early COVID-19 pandemic period, as the increase in mortality could not be fully explained by reported COVID-19 deaths. Using public data, excess mortality was estimated to be between 2400 and 4000 deaths, with a significant association with older age groups. The data suggests a three-fold explanation for excess mortality: COVID-19, non-identified","qid":4,"docid":"1v5o4as8","rank":4,"score":7.579899787902832},{"content":"During the early COVID-19 pandemic period in Portugal from March 1 to April 22, an excess mortality of 2400 to 4000 deaths was observed. This increase was mainly associated with older age groups (over 65 years). The data suggests that excess mortality could be explained by COVID-19 deaths, non-identified COVID-19 cases, and decreased access to healthcare. The estimates have implications for communication of non-","qid":4,"docid":"jibgnn78","rank":5,"score":7.579898834228516},{"content":"A new coronavirus, Covid-19, caused a pneumonia outbreak that spread rapidly around the world, leading to 101,927 confirmed cases and 3486 deaths as of March 7, 2020. In the eastern Mediterranean region, Iran had 4747 confirmed cases and 124 deaths, making it a critical area in the fight against the virus. The focus is on understanding symptoms, developing fast diagnosis methods,","qid":4,"docid":"1z0kn95v","rank":6,"score":7.550000190734863},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from a report by National Records Scotland on excess deaths due to cancer and cardiovascular diseases in Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic from December 30, 2019, to April 20, 2020. The report reveals a peak in excess deaths for both cancer and cardiovascular diseases around week 14 of 2020, about four weeks after the first COVID-19 case was detected in Scotland","qid":4,"docid":"223v2obv","rank":7,"score":7.4670000076293945},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of age- and sex-specific death rates to estimate excess mortality from Covid-19 in Sweden. Using data from Swedish register sources, the study found that death rates for individuals above age 60 were higher than previous years starting from the first week of April 2020. Those over age 80 were disproportionately affected, and men experienced 75% higher death rates and women 50% higher death rates compared","qid":4,"docid":"0o3wjvpx","rank":8,"score":7.445700168609619},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant decrease in cardiovascular consultations and procedures, leading to an increase in total mortality that is not solely attributed to COVID-19. In Argentina, where cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in adults with 280 deaths per day, the lack of control of risk factors from April to October 2020 could result in up to 10,500 new preventable cases of","qid":4,"docid":"62je92vo","rank":9,"score":7.3403000831604},{"content":"A drop in cardiovascular consultations and procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina has led to an increase in total mortality beyond what can be explained by the virus itself. With cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in adults in Argentina, the study estimates that a decrease in controlling risk factors from April to October 2020 could result in up to 10,500 new preventable cases of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, a decrease in","qid":4,"docid":"bkglb1v6","rank":10,"score":7.234499931335449},{"content":"Italy and other countries are experiencing a deadly wave of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Medical professionals are working to assist those affected and experts are studying the virus to understand its lethal respiratory syndrome progression.","qid":4,"docid":"6t3jrmr7","rank":11,"score":7.187099933624268},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of various models, including an SI and SIR model, to analyze the increase in COVID-19 infections and deaths in Sweden. The models accurately predict the number of infected cases but project a large number of deaths, causing concern. The next few days are crucial for determining the future trend of death cases.","qid":4,"docid":"u61qc8ey","rank":12,"score":7.139400005340576},{"content":"A worldwide survey was conducted to examine the impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice. The virus, which had reached 209 nations by April 12, 2020, affecting 1.8 million people and causing over 110,000 deaths, forced adaptations in the specialty due to its subspecialties in oncology and traumatology. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed online and through subspecial","qid":4,"docid":"b54dymlu","rank":13,"score":7.13670015335083},{"content":"A worldwide survey was conducted to examine the impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice. The study aimed to collect data on the current situation and changes in maxillofacial surgery practices due to the outbreak. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed online and through subspecialty associations to maxillofacial surgeons globally. The data will be analyzed to provide insights into how the specialty is handling the situation and serve as a reference for future global health crises","qid":4,"docid":"s5u57av2","rank":14,"score":7.136699199676514},{"content":"COVID-19, a novel respiratory disease causing illness and death since December 2019 in Wuhan, China, accounts for a smaller percentage of pediatric cases with generally milder symptoms. However, severe cases and neonatal infections can occur. Children can also spread the disease in the community. This review outlines current knowledge on COVID-19 in children and adolescents.","qid":4,"docid":"jsyao6qu","rank":15,"score":7.099800109863281},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on health systems worldwide, and the clinical features and outcomes of the disease in immunocompromised patients are not well understood. The available literature on COVID-19 in immunocompromised populations, including cancer patients, solid organ transplant recipients, HIV patients, and those on immunomodulatory therapy for autoimmune diseases, is reviewed. Patients with m","qid":4,"docid":"9jbuynvv","rank":16,"score":7.035200119018555},{"content":"COVID-19, a novel respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus that began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and became a pandemic in March 2020, affects a small percentage of children and adolescents who often experience milder symptoms but can develop severe illness. Neonates can also contract the virus, and children may unknowingly spread it in the community. This review summarizes current knowledge about COVID-19 in children and adoles","qid":4,"docid":"h2cm3cge","rank":17,"score":7.019599914550781},{"content":"A rural emergency department in northeastern Italy experienced a hard hit from the COVID-19 outbreak. To preserve the hospital and prevent it from becoming an infection outbreak, they reevaluated the negative predictive value of lung ultrasound to rule out lung involvement. They believe that a patient with a normal ultrasound examination, or an \"A-profile,\" can be discharged home for isolation and treatment without hospitalization, as severe acute respiratory failure is the leading cause","qid":4,"docid":"fao60udv","rank":18,"score":6.946800231933594},{"content":"A rural emergency department in northeastern Italy experienced a hard hit from the COVID-19 outbreak. To preserve the hospital and prevent it from becoming an infection outbreak, they reevaluated the negative predictive value of lung ultrasound to rule out lung involvement. They found that patients with normal ultrasound examinations, or \"A-profiles,\" can be discharged home for isolation and treatment without hospitalization, as severe acute respiratory failure is the leading cause of","qid":4,"docid":"oydinhno","rank":19,"score":6.946799278259277},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of comparing Covid-19 deaths between countries due to varying testing strategies and other factors. It suggests that monitoring total mortality is the most reliable way to compare Covid-19 mortality rates. In the case of Sweden, there is a correlation between Covid-19 deaths and total mortality, indicating some under-reporting of Covid-19 deaths.","qid":4,"docid":"o72xreym","rank":20,"score":6.927999973297119},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of modified auto-encoders (MAE) to forecast the spread trajectory of Covid-19 in countries under different intervention strategies. The findings suggest that early implementation of public health interventions is crucial, as delaying intervention by 4 weeks could result in a significant increase in cumulative deaths and a prolonged epidemic timeline.","qid":4,"docid":"44zduv27","rank":21,"score":6.900199890136719},{"content":"A summary of the passage is as follows: The passage discusses the current knowledge about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and children. SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has resulted in high morbidity and mortality in China and has spread to other countries. Approximately three neonates and over 230 children have been reported to have the disease, with mild conditions being the norm.","qid":4,"docid":"1hwcp09t","rank":22,"score":6.888599872589111},{"content":"A summary of the passage is as follows: The passage discusses the current knowledge about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and children. SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has resulted in high morbidity and mortality in China and has spread to other countries. Approximately three neonates and over 230 children have been reported to have the disease, with mild conditions being the norm.","qid":4,"docid":"4qy35wdf","rank":23,"score":6.888598918914795},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of comparing Covid-19 deaths between countries due to varying testing strategies and other factors. It suggests that total mortality is a more reliable indicator for monitoring and comparing Covid-19 mortality rates. In the case of Sweden, there is a correlation between Covid-19 deaths and total mortality, with a higher total mortality suggesting some under-reporting of Covid-19 deaths.","qid":4,"docid":"xw244riy","rank":24,"score":6.88100004196167},{"content":"A narrative review summarizes the current state of research on COVID-19, the virus behind the global pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China. The discovery of the virus raised public health concerns due to its high transmission ability and increasing death toll. This review analyzed over 20 scientific articles using keywords like \"Coronavirus Outbreak\" and \"COVID-19\" to provide insights into the research available and recommend future studies. The results indicate that human-to-human transmission","qid":4,"docid":"fqs40ivc","rank":25,"score":6.872300148010254},{"content":"This study describes the use of point-of-care lung ultrasound in three neonates diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lung ultrasound was performed at the time of diagnosis and every 48 hours during the first week, revealing B-lines, consolidation, and spared areas. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion was observed. The authors conclude that lung ultrasound could be valuable","qid":4,"docid":"pab56xyd","rank":26,"score":6.842199802398682},{"content":"The passage discusses how complications of COVID-19 may cause damage to both central and peripheral parts of the swallowing network in critically ill survivors, leading to dysphagia. The authors refer to a previous article suggesting potential ways SARS-CoV-2 may enter the nervous system and cause severe complications.","qid":4,"docid":"2427yjza","rank":27,"score":6.830699920654297},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected over 2 million people globally with more than 125,000 deaths. In Croatia, there are currently 1,741 confirmed cases and 34 deaths. The fear and anxiety caused by the pandemic have led to a significant increase in the need for psychiatric support. During the pandemic, Zagreb experienced its strongest earthquake in 140","qid":4,"docid":"gokevnzw","rank":28,"score":6.818900108337402},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes the viral disease COVID-19, which has significantly disrupted normal life worldwide. The symptoms include dry cough, frequent fevers, and in severe cases, pneumonia. Older individuals and those with underlying health conditions are at higher risk of death.","qid":4,"docid":"9pdakwmb","rank":29,"score":6.803400039672852},{"content":"A study was conducted in Japan using nasal swabs from 191 patients with cold-like symptoms to identify the causative viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Of these, at least one virus was detected in 40 patients (21%). The most frequently identified viruses were human rhinovirus\/enterovirus (5.8%), SARS-CoV-2 (4.2%), and","qid":4,"docid":"otjctvr8","rank":30,"score":6.757900238037109},{"content":"This observational study aimed to estimate the burden of all deaths related to COVID-19 in the United States from March to May 2020 using data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The researchers found approximately 122,300 more deaths than expected during that period, with 95,235 officially attributed to COVID-19. The number of excess all-cause deaths was 28% higher than the official tally, and many","qid":4,"docid":"92tvskxw","rank":31,"score":6.741799831390381},{"content":"This observational study aimed to estimate the burden of all deaths related to COVID-19 in the United States from March to May 2020 by evaluating the numbers of US deaths from any cause and deaths due to pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19. The study found that there were approximately 122,300 more deaths than expected during that period, with 95,235 officially reported as COVID-19 deaths. The","qid":4,"docid":"f74q6nwj","rank":32,"score":6.7417988777160645},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 6.6 million cases and 392,000 deaths worldwide as of June 2020. In Africa, there have been 152,000 cases and 4,300 deaths. The five countries with the most cases are South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, and Ghana. Africa's lower number of cases is due to inadequate health systems, limited","qid":4,"docid":"h3czhqtt","rank":33,"score":6.739099979400635},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":4,"docid":"gnaubzah","rank":34,"score":6.725800037384033},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":4,"docid":"hlhhvmtu","rank":35,"score":6.725799083709717},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 6.6 million people worldwide with over 392,000 deaths as of June 6, 2020. In Africa, there have been over 152,000 confirmed cases and 4,300 deaths as of June 2, 2020. The five countries with the most cases are South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, and Ghana. Africa","qid":4,"docid":"juvmabdq","rank":36,"score":6.714799880981445},{"content":"The study compares the SIR model's predictions to hospital data for COVID-19 in France during the national lockdown. Extended SEIR models were used instead, considering regional ratios of evolutionary timescales, branching fractions, and $R_0$ before and during the lockdown. The analysis shows good fit for hospital data, except for critical care arrivals, indicating improved treatment. The average $R_0$ was 3.4 before the lock","qid":4,"docid":"p1wz8yrj","rank":37,"score":6.703100204467773},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the proportion of COVID-19 deaths in individuals under 65 years old, the relative risk of death compared to older individuals, and the absolute risk of death in the general population. Data was collected from European countries and US states\/cities with over 250 COVID-19 deaths. In European epicenters, 5-9% of deaths were in individuals under 65, while in US hotspots, it approached 30","qid":4,"docid":"2cwvga0k","rank":38,"score":6.6956000328063965},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 9 million confirmed cases and 400,000 deaths, has caused widespread disruption to everyday life and the global economy. Parallels can be drawn between this crisis and the imminent global climate emergency, with similarities including high momentum trends, irreversible changes, social and spatial inequality, weakening of international solidarity, and the fact that it's less costly to prevent than to cure.","qid":4,"docid":"dgd5ohb3","rank":39,"score":6.692399978637695},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in China and spread globally, has had devastating consequences and required emergency measures to reduce its impact on public health and healthcare systems. Containment strategies and increasing intensive care capacity are prioritized, but the social and psychological effects of quarantine are concerning. The optimal management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is uncertain, and early intubation may cause harm. The use of repurposed drugs for mild cases of COVID","qid":4,"docid":"ix9x25sc","rank":40,"score":6.692399024963379},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 9 million confirmed cases and 400,000 deaths, has caused widespread disruption to everyday life and the global economy. Reflecting on the crisis, there are parallels to be drawn with the imminent global climate emergency. Both crises share similarities such as high momentum trends, irreversible changes, social and spatial inequality, weakening of international solidarity, and being less costly to prevent than","qid":4,"docid":"mwohtppj","rank":41,"score":6.6923980712890625},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, with its devastating consequences, has led to emergency measures to reduce the impact on public health and healthcare systems. Containment strategies and increasing intensive care capacity are prioritized, but the social and psychological effects of quarantine are a concern. The optimal management of critically ill COVID-19 patients is uncertain, and early intubation may cause harm. The use of repurposed drugs for mild cases is controversial due to their potential toxic effects and","qid":4,"docid":"qzxvh2qc","rank":42,"score":6.692397117614746},{"content":"The passage explores the possibility that COVID-19 may not only affect the lungs but also have an impact on the brain, potentially contributing to deaths. Recent studies suggest that the virus can enter the brain and cause inflammation, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and strokes. The exact mechanism is unclear, but it's believed that the virus may travel through the olfactory nerve or the blood-brain barrier. More research is needed to understand","qid":4,"docid":"nay6x9y1","rank":43,"score":6.688600063323975},{"content":"The passage discusses the population-level mortality rates of COVID-19 in South Korea as of March 2020. The authors used data from the World Health Organization and the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention to estimate the mortality rate and age-standardized death rate (ASDR). The mortality rate increased with age, from 0.1 deaths per 100,000 person-years among 30-39 year","qid":4,"docid":"lizwiate","rank":44,"score":6.687600135803223},{"content":"A report details over 800 confirmed COVID-19 cases on three cruise ship voyages, with linked cases reported in the US. Transmission occurred between ships via crew members, affecting both passengers and crew. Ten deaths have been reported. Public health implications include the risk of rapid disease spread beyond voyages, necessitating aggressive containment measures, and recommending a global cruise travel deferral during the pandemic.","qid":4,"docid":"9b6j5lk0","rank":45,"score":6.634399890899658},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has taught the world the importance of adopting preventive measures recommended by the World Health Organization to reduce the spread of the virus and save lives. These measures include hand hygiene, alcohol gel use, cough etiquette, cleaning surfaces, avoiding crowds, and social distancing. The epidemiological curve of the disease shows the devastating impact of not implementing these measures promptly, as seen in Italy, Spain, and the United States, which have sur","qid":4,"docid":"41ycjpt9","rank":46,"score":6.61329984664917},{"content":"Costa Rica's proposal for a global pooling mechanism aims to facilitate access to intellectual property, trade secrets, regulatory data, and other proprietary information related to COVID-19 detection, prevention, control, and treatment. The proposal deserves serious consideration due to the urgent need for safe vaccines, effective therapeutics, diagnostics, and other health products. The mechanism could help address key concerns related to the pandemic, such as economic and social harm caused by prolonged public health measures.","qid":4,"docid":"lszibfbc","rank":47,"score":6.606299877166748},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 infection, estimated to be around 5% of the population, based on comorbid medical illness and age. This population, which includes individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and significant kidney or liver impairment, represents a significant number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and","qid":4,"docid":"3jwl97qb","rank":48,"score":6.5802998542785645},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 infection, estimated to be around 5% of the population, based on comorbid medical illness and age. This population, which includes individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and significant kidney or liver impairment, represents a significant number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and","qid":4,"docid":"7ofa04l1","rank":49,"score":6.580298900604248},{"content":"The passage discusses the clinical presentations of coronavirus infections in children, focusing on the four common human coronaviruses and the three novel zoonotic coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. While the novel coronaviruses cause severe illness and death predominantly in older adults and those with comorbidities, children with COVID-19 are more likely to be","qid":4,"docid":"2zaxn6tq","rank":50,"score":6.560800075531006},{"content":"The passage discusses the various clinical presentations of coronaviruses in children, with a focus on the four common human coronaviruses (hCoVs) and the three novel zoonotic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2). While the common hCoVs typically cause mild upper respiratory infections in children, the novel coronaviruses have been associated","qid":4,"docid":"5w194etz","rank":51,"score":6.5607991218566895},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide, resulting in numerous deaths. Healthcare professionals have been heavily involved in managing the crisis, increasing the risk of infection or illness themselves.","qid":4,"docid":"87v0260x","rank":52,"score":6.560400009155273},{"content":"During the first month of Portugal's COVID-19 epidemic (March 16 to April 14), there was an excess of 1,255 all-cause deaths, which was 14% higher than the expected number based on historical averages. The excess mortality primarily affected individuals aged 75 and above. Forty-nine percent of these excess deaths were attributed to COVID-19, while the remaining 51% were","qid":4,"docid":"lluhdln7","rank":53,"score":6.549499988555908},{"content":"A global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and had spread to over 210 countries by April 2020, with over 2.4 million confirmed cases and 170,000 deaths. COVID-19 causes severe pneumonia with symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Similar coronaviruses, such","qid":4,"docid":"4r6jbv44","rank":54,"score":6.548600196838379},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV has spread to over 210 countries with over 2.4 million confirmed cases and 170,000 deaths as of April 2020. COVID-19 is characterized by fever, cough, and shortness of breath, and similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it can cause extrapulmonary manifest","qid":4,"docid":"bjyzrmsb","rank":55,"score":6.5485992431640625},{"content":"The passage analyzes the age and sex distribution of COVID-19 deaths in Austria, finding an exponential relationship between age and the proportion of deaths. The risk of death from COVID-19 increases with age, similar to the general age-specific mortality rate. The study compares the age-specific mortality rate in Austria to the infection fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 by Ferguson et al. (2020), indicating a substantial","qid":4,"docid":"e6k1bp9n","rank":56,"score":6.539999961853027},{"content":"The passage analyzes the age and sex distribution of COVID-19 deaths in Austria, finding an exponential relationship between age and the proportion of deaths. The risk of death from COVID-19 increases with age, similar to the general age-specific mortality rate. The study compares the age-specific mortality rate in Austria to the infection fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 by Ferguson et al., revealing substantial risk, particularly for older age groups","qid":4,"docid":"zt9mxom1","rank":57,"score":6.539999008178711},{"content":"A descriptive study was conducted in Nembro, Italy, to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on all-cause mortality. Between January 2012 and April 2020, monthly all-cause mortality rates fluctuated around 10 per 1000 person-years, but reached a peak of 154.4 per 1000 person-years in March 2020.","qid":4,"docid":"t22hwoeb","rank":58,"score":6.534200191497803},{"content":"A descriptive study was conducted in Nembro, Italy, to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on all-cause mortality. Between January 2012 and February 2020, monthly mortality rates were around 10 per 1000 person-years. However, in March 2020, the rate peaked at 154.4 per 1000 person-years, driven mainly","qid":4,"docid":"txt4ae7k","rank":59,"score":6.534199237823486},{"content":"The passage discusses the global threat of COVID-19, which had infected over 6.9 million people and caused over 400,000 deaths as of June 8, 2020. The first case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread to over 200 countries. With no approved cure, there are concerns about the disease's origin, first-line therapies,","qid":4,"docid":"1ij25a7u","rank":60,"score":6.519199848175049},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted international travel and caused significant death and disability, leading to economic changes that have forced universities to adapt and shift to digital modalities for business continuity.","qid":4,"docid":"z4mj4xgv","rank":61,"score":6.518499851226807},{"content":"This study analyzed the clinical characteristics and causes of death in 159 Chinese COVID-19 patients. The median age was 71 years, and males were more likely to die than females. Hypertension was the most common coexisting disorder, and respiratory failure was the leading cause of death. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms. One asymptomatic patient died. Heart disease was a significant risk factor for death in older patients. ACE2 and TMP","qid":4,"docid":"dtlwjndn","rank":62,"score":6.515900135040283},{"content":"During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales, there were 47,243 excess deaths, with 9,948 of these not related to COVID-19. Excess mortality rates varied from 49 to 102 per 100,000, with London having the highest rate. Non-COVID-19 associated excess mortality ranged from a decrease in Wales to an increase of ","qid":4,"docid":"n6z0r08o","rank":63,"score":6.484000205993652},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study estimating the total mortality impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in England and Wales by sex and age group using a Bayesian model ensemble. The study found that in the week of the national lockdown (21st March), there was a high probability of more deaths than expected in individuals aged 45 and above. Over the entire period from mid-February to 8th May 2020, there were an estimated 4","qid":4,"docid":"h02qy4z0","rank":64,"score":6.483500003814697},{"content":"The passage provides predictions of excess demand for hospital beds, ICU beds, and ventilators, as well as estimated deaths due to COVID-19 in the United States over the next 4 months, assuming social distancing measures are maintained. The findings indicate a substantial gap between available resources and peak demand, with estimates of 64,175 (95% UI 7,977 to 251,059) total beds, 17","qid":4,"docid":"sfv9tu3t","rank":65,"score":6.475100040435791},{"content":"A meta-analysis was conducted to identify laboratory findings predicting a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Diabetes is a significant comorbidity associated with a poor clinical outcome and high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. The study aimed to determine which laboratory parameters distinguish patients with COVID-19 and diabetes who recovered from those who experienced complications or died.","qid":4,"docid":"tsd6sjcx","rank":66,"score":6.470399856567383},{"content":"A survey of US neurologists during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that 87% had access to PPE but 45% were asked to reuse it due to shortages. The pandemic led to a shift towards teleneurology, but some neurologists faced challenges in transitioning. Wide variations existed in testing and guidance for exposed, sick, or vulnerable healthcare workers. While 59% of respondents felt their practices were doing what they could,","qid":4,"docid":"21lnf8gw","rank":67,"score":6.4664998054504395},{"content":"A survey of US neurologists during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that 87% had access to PPE but 45% were asked to reuse it due to shortages. The pandemic led to a shift towards teleneurology, but some neurologists faced challenges in transitioning. Wide variations existed in testing and guidance for exposed, sick, or vulnerable healthcare workers. While 59% of respondents felt their practices were doing what they could,","qid":4,"docid":"bqf43ttw","rank":68,"score":6.466498851776123},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to estimate excess mortality due to COVID-19 in Ohio from March 15, 2020 to May 23, 2020. Using data from 2010 to 2019, 1,485 (95% CI 680-2,345) excess all-cause deaths were estimated. When limiting analysis to natural causes, the number increased","qid":4,"docid":"jjwz5jrr","rank":69,"score":6.411799907684326},{"content":"The passage describes a study aiming to analyze trends of excess mortality in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic and develop an online tool to report the most up-to-date data. The researchers used data from the Office for National Statistics, National Records of Scotland, and Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency to calculate excess mortality, defined as the difference between observed mortality and the average of mortality from the previous five years. There were a total of 56,9","qid":4,"docid":"v76ech81","rank":70,"score":6.4095001220703125},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection affects over 8.6 million people worldwide with over 450,000 deaths. A significant feature of COVID-19 is a pro-thrombotic coagulopathy, which is associated with a poor prognosis. The use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention is recommended.","qid":4,"docid":"camofa8f","rank":71,"score":6.402200222015381},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a lack of clear guidelines on handling deceased individuals infected with the virus. The legislation on communicable diseases and actions on the dead did not provide sufficient information on post-mortem procedures. Autopsies were suspended, but transportation and storage remained a problem. The Department of Pathology issued a formal procedure on March 21, 2020, but more comprehensive guidelines are needed. Data on post-mortem procedures","qid":4,"docid":"9y0ejtty","rank":72,"score":6.39900016784668},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using regression analysis on data from 50 countries to identify variables predicting Covid-19 infections and deaths. The number of deaths can be accurately predicted from the number of infections, regardless of a country's characteristics. Epidemiological measures, such as travel restrictions, were more effective than hospital resources. Inbound tourism, electricity consumption, and air pollution were the best predictors of infections and deaths. Contrarily, hospital bed","qid":4,"docid":"iut1xj7k","rank":73,"score":6.388599872589111},{"content":"The passage discusses the background, methods, results, and conclusion of a study on the years of life lost due to COVID-19 and ischemic heart diseases in the US from March through May 2020 and the predicted trend through August 2020. COVID-19 caused more deaths but fewer years of life lost than ischemic heart diseases during the period, but COVID-19 may surpass ischemic heart diseases as the leading cause of both","qid":4,"docid":"gtp01rna","rank":74,"score":6.386099815368652},{"content":"During the Covid-19 pandemic, there have been concerns about an increase in non-Covid-19 deaths due to disrupted healthcare services. The study examined mortality rates in England & Wales, Scotland, the Netherlands, and New York State. An increase in observed deaths compared to expected was found in all areas, with a significant proportion not attributed to Covid-19. In Scotland and England & Wales, 43% and 49% of excess deaths were not","qid":4,"docid":"pn516wom","rank":75,"score":6.384799957275391},{"content":"This study provides forecasts for hospital demand and deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA and European Economic Area (EEA). Using data on confirmed COVID-19 deaths, hospital capacity, and utilization, the researchers developed a model to estimate the trajectory of cumulative and daily death rates based on social distancing measures. In the USA, excess demand for hospital beds, ICUs, and ventilators at the epidemic peak is predicted to be 9,0","qid":4,"docid":"c1dy5vsn","rank":76,"score":6.382699966430664},{"content":"The letter analyzes healthcare worker deaths in Italy during the COVID-19 crisis, categorized by specialty. It highlights potential contributing factors to the high number of fatalities among healthcare personnel, emphasizing the need for further discussion as the situation evolves.","qid":4,"docid":"156es9v1","rank":77,"score":6.356900215148926},{"content":"In the coming weeks, initial results from late-stage studies on Gilead Sciences' antiviral remdesivir, developed for Ebola, will be released to determine its effectiveness against COVID-19. However, experts caution that the data may not provide a clear answer due to testing on severe cases and antivirals' limited success against coronaviruses. Some industry observers hope for sufficient success to secure FDA approval.","qid":4,"docid":"svp32re6","rank":78,"score":6.343299865722656},{"content":"The passage discusses how age structures and coresidence patterns affect the vulnerability of countries' populations to COVID-19 outbreaks, based on census data from 81 countries. European and North American countries with aging populations increase their overall vulnerability to COVID-19 deaths. In Africa and parts of Asia, coresidence of elderly persons increases vulnerability to deaths caused by within-household transmission. Southern European countries, with aged populations and high intergenerational coresidence,","qid":4,"docid":"gypm0p78","rank":79,"score":6.3165998458862305},{"content":"The passage discusses how age structures and coresidence patterns affect the vulnerability of different countries' populations to COVID-19 outbreaks. European and North American countries with aging populations have a higher risk of COVID-19 deaths in general. In Africa and parts of Asia, coresidence of elderly persons increases the risk of deaths due to within-household transmission. Southern European countries, with aged populations and high intergenerational coresidence, are the most vulnerable to COVID-1","qid":4,"docid":"iw4yv6l4","rank":80,"score":6.316598892211914},{"content":"The passage discusses how age structures and co-residence patterns affect the vulnerability of countries' populations to Covid-19 outbreaks, based on census data from 81 countries. European and North American countries with aging populations increase their overall vulnerability to Covid-related deaths. In Africa and parts of Asia, co-residence of elderly persons increases vulnerability to deaths caused by within-household transmission. Southern European countries with aged populations and high intergenerational co-residence","qid":4,"docid":"tpxqj2do","rank":81,"score":6.316597938537598},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis of hospital COVID-19 deaths in England up to April 25, 2020. Daily death counts, promoted as a key metric for assessing the pandemic's progress, have limitations due to reporting delays. The researchers found that focusing on daily counts can overestimate the maximum number of deaths and obscure the pattern of decline. By analyzing trends in death counts with different reporting delays, they suggest that England may have reached a","qid":4,"docid":"bfjefny3","rank":82,"score":6.314000129699707},{"content":"A study analyzed Peruvian death data from 2018 to 2020 during the first 100 days of quarantine to estimate excess deaths caused by COVID-19. The daily death rate decreased during quarantine days without COVID-19 cases, but the excess deaths were 36,230, which is 1.12 times the estimate from 2019 and 4.2 times the COVID-19 deaths","qid":4,"docid":"w57e1eu6","rank":83,"score":6.3125},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between COVID-19 death rates and the use of antimalarial drugs, specifically chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, as treatments. The analysis compares death rate dynamics in countries using these drugs versus those not using them during the initial stages of the pandemic. The results suggest that countries using antimalarial drugs experienced much slower death rate increases than those not using them during the first 13 days. However, the study","qid":4,"docid":"fbm3zoe2","rank":84,"score":6.309700012207031},{"content":"A survey was conducted among 158 aesthetic centers in Greece during the fourth week of the COVID-19 pandemic's occurrence. The study aimed to assess the social and economic impact of the pandemic and the government's decision to suspend business operations. The results showed a significant reduction in monthly income during the first month of suspension and explored psychological and financial challenges faced by business owners. No similar studies on the impact of a viral pandemic on aesthetic centers were found in literature. The suspension","qid":4,"docid":"1cv7yvj1","rank":85,"score":6.309599876403809},{"content":"A survey was conducted among 105 aesthetic centers in Greece during the fourth week of the COVID-19 pandemic's occurrence. The study aimed to assess the social and economic impact of the pandemic and the government's decision to suspend business operations. The results showed a significant reduction in monthly income during the first month of suspension and explored psychological and financial challenges faced by business owners. No similar studies on aesthetic centers during a viral pandemic were found. The suspension of operations led to serious","qid":4,"docid":"9wlgmbit","rank":86,"score":6.309598922729492},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the mortality increase during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy using data from 4433 municipalities. The results showed an abrupt increase in overall mortality starting from March 1st, 2020. In the studied municipalities, there were 77,339 observed deaths compared to the expected 50,822.6, resulting in a rate ratio of 1.11 for those under 6","qid":4,"docid":"ekxz577j","rank":87,"score":6.2957000732421875},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the mortality increase during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy using data from 4433 municipalities. The results showed an abrupt increase in overall mortality starting from March 1st, 2020, with 77,339 observed deaths compared to the expected 50,822.6. The excess mortality was greater in older age groups and in regions most affected by COVID-19. The total","qid":4,"docid":"t9qdiz7n","rank":88,"score":6.295699119567871},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil is experiencing large under-reporting of infected individuals and deaths due to limited mass testing and asymptomatic cases. An adapted SIR model is proposed to account for under-reporting and population response to public policies. Uncertainty in data can lead to misleading predictions. This paper explores the impact of uncertainty on predictions, demonstrating an anticipation of infection peaks when under-reporting infected individuals, an increase in mortality rates when under","qid":4,"docid":"8cw3bjxh","rank":89,"score":6.289400100708008},{"content":"The passage discusses the underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in Minas Gerais, Brazil's second most populous state. The low capacity for testing in the population prevents a clear understanding of the spread of Sars-Cov-2. An analysis of different government databases revealed a significant discrepancy in reported COVID-19 deaths and an unexpected increase in SARS deaths, pneumonia, and respiratory insufficiency. These findings suggest an under","qid":4,"docid":"kusqyumn","rank":90,"score":6.270899772644043},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of population-wide mask-wearing on the spread of Covid-19, particularly in reducing the number of critically-ill patients and cumulative mortality. The study uses a simplified SIR model to investigate the effects of mask use with 8 or 16% efficacy. The benefits on critical-care and mortality rates are minor when transmissibility is high but dramatic as the effective R approaches 1, after aggressive social-","qid":4,"docid":"uc37poce","rank":91,"score":6.269899845123291},{"content":"The passage discusses a study proposing the use of Non-Adherence Tree Analysis (NATA) to improve medication adherence. NATA combines Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Monte Carlo simulation techniques to identify factors causing non-adherence before or during treatment. These factors are translated into a Non-Adherence Tree (NAT), coded into GoldSim software, and simulated to predict behavior. The results reveal that therapy-related factors, such","qid":4,"docid":"x8b0ad7i","rank":92,"score":6.267600059509277},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenge of forecasting the global impact of COVID-19 based on the number of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries. Forecasting relies on historical data but is uncertain due to various factors such as data reliability, vested interests, and psychological factors. The paper proposes an objective approach to predicting the continuation of COVID-19 using historical patterns, assuming reliable data. The forecast suggests a continuing increase in confirmed cases with uncertainty. Underest","qid":4,"docid":"d8eqifvv","rank":93,"score":6.263500213623047},{"content":"A systematic review of 12 studies on COVID-19 symptoms and modes of death was conducted to provide information for palliative care professionals. The most common symptoms in hospitalized patients are cough, breathlessness, fatigue, and myalgia. Dyspnea is the most significant symptom in the dying. The mode of death is predominantly through respiratory or heart failure. More data is needed on symptom burden and modes of death to inform end-of-life","qid":4,"docid":"7ksh8c5v","rank":94,"score":6.2546000480651855},{"content":"A systematic review of 12 studies on symptoms and modes of death in COVID-19 patients was conducted to provide information for palliative care professionals. Cough, breathlessness, fatigue, and myalgia are common symptoms in hospitalized patients, while dyspnea is the most significant symptom in the dying. The mode of death is predominantly through respiratory or heart failure. More data is needed on symptom burden and modes of death to inform end-of-","qid":4,"docid":"ndke01xy","rank":95,"score":6.254599094390869},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has infected over 142,000 people and caused 5,000 deaths, spreading across more than 130 countries. Elderly individuals, especially those with comorbidities, are more susceptible to severe COVID-19, with a death rate up to 10-12%. Two possible reasons for this increased susceptibility are: i) increased","qid":4,"docid":"59j1m2tm","rank":96,"score":6.251399993896484},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the arrhythmogenic effects of short-term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19. The search resulted in 41 studies with data from 1515 patients, revealing that approximately 10% of COVID-19 patients developed QT prolongation. Two cases of ventricular arrhythmia were identified in a group of 28 patients treated with high","qid":4,"docid":"e1otbzt3","rank":97,"score":6.2256999015808105},{"content":"The study explores the factors associated with excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Using data from the Italian Institute of Statistics, the researchers calculated the Non-COVID19-Imputed Excess Mortality (NCIEM) and found a direct correlation between NCIEM and COVID-19 mortality and total cases, as well as an inverse correlation with the cases\/total tests ratio, proportion of institutionalized elderly, prevalence of diabetes, cardiov","qid":4,"docid":"4d3t6kas","rank":98,"score":6.223100185394287},{"content":"The study explores the factors associated with excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, finding a direct correlation between Non-COVID-19 Imputed Excess Mortality (NCIEM) and COVID-19 mortality and total cases. An inverse correlation was found between NCIEM and the cases\/total tests ratio, proportion of institutionalized elderly, prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular mortality, and density of general practitioners. The results suggest","qid":4,"docid":"ilnrvbpa","rank":99,"score":6.223099231719971},{"content":"A study using a computational model explored the impact of age separation during partial lock down releases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that reducing interactions between age groups protects the general population and significantly reduces mortality rates by 66%. While complete isolation may be the most protective scenario for the elderly, it could have negative emotional and cognitive effects. Instead, age-related social recommendations or restrictions are proposed to maintain social connections while ensuring strong protection for older populations.","qid":4,"docid":"afbvbgq5","rank":100,"score":6.215400218963623}]}
{"query":"what drugs have been active against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in animal studies?","hits":[{"content":"A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China, has led to a zoonotic pandemic due to its high contagion rate. The absence of a vaccine has prompted the search for antiviral drugs to inhibit the virus's replication. Remdesivir, an adenosine analogue, shows promise due to its ability to block infection and replication in vitro and in animals. While studies with SAR","qid":5,"docid":"puc13jf1","rank":1,"score":17.282400131225586},{"content":"A panel of 48 FDA-approved drugs were screened for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, resulting in the identification of 24 drugs with effective IC50 values. Notable drugs included niclosamide and ciclesonide, which will be tested in animal models for antiviral activities. These FDA-approved drugs could be further developed as therapeutic options for COVID-19 following clinical trials.","qid":5,"docid":"5f95gve3","rank":2,"score":16.399999618530273},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic lacks specific treatments or preventatives, leading to the consideration of repurposing antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. These drugs have anti-inflammatory properties and have been used to treat rheumatic diseases. While they exhibit antiviral activity in lab settings, their effectiveness in vivo is uncertain. Animal studies with other viruses suggest a potential","qid":5,"docid":"86vzsrym","rank":3,"score":16.278499603271484},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic lacks specific treatments or preventatives, leading to the consideration of repurposing antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. These drugs have anti-inflammatory properties and have been used to treat rheumatic diseases. While they exhibit antiviral activity in cell cultures, their effectiveness in vivo is uncertain. Animal studies with other viruses suggest a potential","qid":5,"docid":"j9vmsfjw","rank":4,"score":16.27849769592285},{"content":"A study aimed to model and validate the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the newly emerged coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and test the effectiveness of five FDA-approved anti-polymerase drugs against it: Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir. The results showed that these drugs tightly bind to the SARS","qid":5,"docid":"3pxc5wot","rank":5,"score":16.175100326538086},{"content":"A study aimed to model and validate the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus and test the effectiveness of five FDA-approved anti-polymerase drugs: Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir. The results showed that these drugs tightly bind to the SARS-CoV-2","qid":5,"docid":"urpianz6","rank":6,"score":16.175098419189453},{"content":"In this study, the antiviral efficacies of lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in ferrets. While these drugs marginally improved clinical symptoms, they did not significantly reduce in vivo virus titers. Only emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment led to lower virus tit","qid":5,"docid":"7h3rrea7","rank":7,"score":16.017200469970703},{"content":"The passage discusses the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Coronaviridiae family and has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Due to its similarity to SARS and MERS viruses, antiviral drugs used for those diseases are being used for COVID-19 treatment. Researchers are","qid":5,"docid":"g4bsu8jf","rank":8,"score":15.981800079345703},{"content":"The passage discusses the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Coronaviridiae family and has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Due to its similarity to SARS and MERS viruses, antiviral drugs used for those diseases are being used for COVID-19 treatment. Research for drugs","qid":5,"docid":"gxyk9fgj","rank":9,"score":15.981799125671387},{"content":"A systematic review is being conducted to examine the antiviral activity and potential mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19. The review will include studies from in-vitro, animal, and human research. A search of five databases will be conducted with no restrictions on publication date or language","qid":5,"docid":"em98mikz","rank":10,"score":15.898099899291992},{"content":"The passage discusses a study where the authors screened sixteen FDA approved drugs for their potential to inhibit the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 using in silico docking studies. The PLpro was modeled based on the SARS-coronavirus PLpro structure, and the drugs were docked into the S3\/S4 pockets of the enzyme's active site. Chloroquine and","qid":5,"docid":"n2tckfjq","rank":11,"score":15.847000122070312},{"content":"A study used PBPK modeling to determine optimal doses of nitazoxanide for maintaining plasma and lung tizoxanide concentrations above the reported EC90 against SARS-CoV-2. The model was validated against clinical data and predicted optimal doses of 1200 mg QID, 1600 mg TID, 2900 mg BID in the fasted state, and 700 mg QID","qid":5,"docid":"jvbehgb7","rank":12,"score":15.706999778747559},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential antiviral activity of the HCV drugs daclatasvir and sofosbuvir against SARS-CoV-2. Both drugs have a satisfactory safety profile and target different viral enzymes in the HCV replicative cycle. Daclatasvir inhibits the production of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles in various cell lines and prevents the induction of inflammatory mediators associated with","qid":5,"docid":"7w19xxlq","rank":13,"score":15.689399719238281},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, anti-malarial drugs, in treating COVID-19, the disease caused by Sars-Cov-2 infection. While some improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of these drugs is yet to be proven through randomized controlled studies. The mechanisms of action of these drugs as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory","qid":5,"docid":"l6l24pco","rank":14,"score":15.685400009155273},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to describe the use of drug repositioning as a strategy against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The search was performed on March 23, 2020, using four databases and 12 relevant studies were identified. Among the 57 drugs reported in these studies, 57 showed some antiviral activity. Antivirals, antitumor, antimalarial,","qid":5,"docid":"8gmn0tae","rank":15,"score":15.461899757385254},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to describe the use of drug repositioning as a strategy against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The search was performed on March 23, 2020, using four databases and resulted in 12 relevant studies. Among the 57 drugs reported in these studies, 57 showed some antiviral activity. Antivirals, antitumor, antimalarial,","qid":5,"docid":"qci7khki","rank":16,"score":15.334199905395508},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for new drug strategies against SARS-CoV-2, proposing RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) as a potential therapeutic target. Evolutionary studies show high similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and other SARS viruses, making RdRp active sites ASP760 and ASP761 attractive targets for antiviral drugs. The antiv","qid":5,"docid":"61nwk2sg","rank":17,"score":15.317099571228027},{"content":"A global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant challenge in medicine. While efforts are being made to develop effective therapies, this editorial paper explores the correlation between herpesviruses and coronaviruses and the potential use of natural anti-herpesvirus alkaloids as treatment options for SARS-CoV-2. The paper highlights the","qid":5,"docid":"dp4umo8l","rank":18,"score":15.309100151062012},{"content":"A global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant challenge in medicine. While efforts are being made to develop effective therapies, this editorial paper explores the correlation between herpesviruses and coronaviruses and the potential use of natural anti-herpesvirus alkaloids as treatment options for SARS-CoV-2. The paper highlights the","qid":5,"docid":"z1tw8nlm","rank":19,"score":15.309099197387695},{"content":"A meta-analysis was conducted to identify potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment through host transcriptome-guided drug repurposing. Upregulated pro-viral factors in SARS-CoV-2 early infection models were identified, and 27 drugs that could reverse their expression were found using DrugBank and Connectivity Map. Twelve of these drugs had previously reported anti-viral activity, and six PTGS2 inhibitor drugs were suggested for direct PTGS","qid":5,"docid":"qnccsstb","rank":20,"score":15.243300437927246},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for antivirals or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, as of April 2020, when there were over 2.7 million recorded cases and over 189,000 recorded deaths. The authors suggest drug repurposing as a quick way to test potential antivirals, as FDA-approved drugs have known safety profiles. They present data","qid":5,"docid":"jbc74lcu","rank":21,"score":15.184200286865234},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2's main protease (Mpro) from the natural constituents of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), which is widely used in traditional medicine. Forty natural chemical constituents were evaluated using a computational approach, and four of them - Withanoside II, Withanoside IV, Withanoside V, and Sitoindoside IX - showed the highest","qid":5,"docid":"5hkzm5pg","rank":22,"score":15.128399848937988},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2's main protease (Mpro) from the natural constituents of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), which is widely used in traditional medicine. Forty natural chemical constituents were evaluated using a computational approach, and four of them - Withanoside II, Withanoside IV, Withanoside V, and Sitoindoside IX - showed the highest","qid":5,"docid":"eg8dih0o","rank":23,"score":15.128398895263672},{"content":"A study identified hepatitis C antivirals as potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, which could be repurposed as treatments for COVID-19. The researchers screened over 6,000 drugs and found 50 compounds with activity against the protease, eight of which were dose responsive and had IC50 values of 50 \u03bcM or less. Notably, several hepatitis C","qid":5,"docid":"slouuryl","rank":24,"score":15.114399909973145},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, is the third human coronavirus to cause severe respiratory diseases, following SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The rapid spread and high fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 necessitate the discovery of effective antivirals. Since SARS-CoV-2 shares significant sequence identity with SARS-CoV, several anti-SARS","qid":5,"docid":"ydywrk62","rank":25,"score":15.091400146484375},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of computational strategies, including pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, MM_GBSA study, and ADME property analysis, to investigate the interactions of Chloroquine and its derivative Hydroxychloroquine with SARS-CoV-2. The study identifies a new compound, CQD15, which shows better interactions with SARS-CoV-2 than Chloroquine and","qid":5,"docid":"eh65jhxb","rank":26,"score":15.08240032196045},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of computational strategies, including pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, MM_GBSA study, and ADME property analysis, to investigate the interactions of Chloroquine and its derivative Hydroxychloroquine with SARS-CoV-2. The study found that a derivative molecule, CQD15, showed better interactions for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 than Chloroqu","qid":5,"docid":"hqg5j51t","rank":27,"score":15.082399368286133},{"content":"The passage discusses the global medical emergency of COVID-19 and the need for effective antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The study used hierarchically weighted principal component analysis to identify the interaction between the physicochemical properties and antiviral activity of different potential and clinically approved antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV. Representative drugs from various classes were examined, and their pharmacologic classification and biological activity were described","qid":5,"docid":"s10iv1jg","rank":28,"score":15.082099914550781},{"content":"The passage discusses the global health issue caused by coronaviruses, which have resulted in severe respiratory diseases and deaths. Three lethal coronaviruses have emerged in the past two decades: SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. The current SARS-CoV-2 infection is more serious than SAR","qid":5,"docid":"pld0clpd","rank":29,"score":15.08180046081543},{"content":"SARS is a deadly infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV, which infected over 8,000 people and killed more than 900 during the 2003 outbreak. The absence of effective treatment protocols led to high mortality rates. To prepare for possible reappearance of SARS, current strategies for antiviral drug discovery against SARS-CoV are discussed, including compounds targeting the S protein-ACE2","qid":5,"docid":"1fy9edg3","rank":30,"score":15.079299926757812},{"content":"Machine learning models were used to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 based on in vitro activity data. Bayesian machine learning model predicted CPI1062 and CPI1155 as having antiviral activity against the virus in HeLa-ACE2 cell-based assays. This approach can be used to prioritize additional FDA approved compounds for in vitro testing and virtually screen available molecules for predicted activity against SARS-","qid":5,"docid":"vfd0su0w","rank":31,"score":15.078700065612793},{"content":"The passage discusses the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of Scutellaria baicalensis extract and its major compound, baicalein. The ethanol extract of S. baicalensis inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity and viral replication in Vero cells with an EC50 of 0.74 \u03bcg\/ml. Baicalein strongly inhibits 3CLpro activity with","qid":5,"docid":"vy0mvzeb","rank":32,"score":15.052300453186035},{"content":"The passage discusses a study assessing the antiviral efficacy of lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets. While all three antiviral-candidate-treated groups had lower clinical scores than the control group, only emtricitabine-tenofovir showed lower virus tit","qid":5,"docid":"l611eisi","rank":33,"score":15.027299880981445},{"content":"This study uses machine learning algorithms and a dataset of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors to predict potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs for treating COVID-19 based on ligand information. The identified drugs include remdesivir, baloxavir marboxil, beclabuvir, paritaprevir, faldaprevir, lupeol, lifitegrast, antrafen","qid":5,"docid":"0s1vgu85","rank":34,"score":15.009200096130371},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing global effort to discover effective treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with no proven therapeutics or vaccines available yet. The author suggests that repurposing existing antiviral drugs could be an effective strategy to speed up the discovery process and potentially reveal new druggable targets. The review covers potential druggable targets for developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents and updates on the","qid":5,"docid":"a179xi5p","rank":35,"score":14.984600067138672},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing global effort to find effective treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with no proven solutions yet. Repurposing existing antiviral drugs is suggested as a strategy to expedite the discovery process and potentially reveal new druggable targets. The review covers potential druggable targets for anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents and updates on the progress of therapeutics and vaccines in precl","qid":5,"docid":"xkoilncd","rank":36,"score":14.984599113464355},{"content":"A growing body of evidence indicates that certain psychoactive substances may protect against SARS-CoV-2. Patients with psychiatric disorders have a lower rate of COVID-19 than their caregivers, despite common risk factors. This protective effect may be explained by the fact that several psychotropic drugs have antiviral properties against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. These medications, which are frequently prescribed in psychiatric settings,","qid":5,"docid":"ld9t64xk","rank":37,"score":14.90410041809082},{"content":"A scoping review was conducted to identify in silico evidence supporting the potential activity of Cefuroxime against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Six studies were found, reporting Cefuroxime as a potential inhibitor of three key SARS-CoV-2 proteins: main protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, and ACE2-Spike complex. The review suggests that Cefuro","qid":5,"docid":"aqge7xuu","rank":38,"score":14.889699935913086},{"content":"A scoping review was conducted to identify in silico evidence supporting the potential activity of Cefuroxime against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Six studies were found, reporting Cefuroxime as a potential inhibitor of three key SARS-CoV-2 proteins: main protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, and ACE2-Spike complex. The review suggests that Cefuro","qid":5,"docid":"xui8cfzv","rank":39,"score":14.88969898223877},{"content":"A study used molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to explain why the HIV-1 protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir are effective against the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, the protein targeted by the newly emerged coronavirus COVID-19. Both drugs bind well to the active site of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, with ritonavir having slightly more atomic contacts, higher binding efficiency, and","qid":5,"docid":"bxw5pnjy","rank":40,"score":14.883600234985352},{"content":"This review discusses the use of monoclonal chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) as an alternative to mammalian antibodies for the diagnosis and immunotherapy against SARS CoV-2. IgY antibodies have greater binding affinity, are easier to extract, and have lower production costs than mammalian antibodies. They have previously been effective against respiratory bacterial and viral infections. The use of ph","qid":5,"docid":"wpurd2gu","rank":41,"score":14.873299598693848},{"content":"A data-driven drug repositioning framework using machine learning and statistical analysis identified PARP1 inhibitor CVL218 as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Retrospective study and in silico screening showed CVL218's effectiveness against coronaviruses and inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2. In vitro assays revealed its anti-inflammatory effect and lack of cytopathic effect or toxic","qid":5,"docid":"qebbkr6d","rank":42,"score":14.872200012207031},{"content":"A selective literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to assess ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment. Several substances, including remdesivir, chloroquine, and nitazoxanide, have shown high in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. Treatment approaches include preventing the virus from docking to the ACE2 receptor and inhibiting transmembrane protease serine 2.","qid":5,"docid":"vyeescn8","rank":43,"score":14.8503999710083},{"content":"A study was conducted to discover inhibitors for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 using in-house chemicals and a chemical-informatics approach. The approach included QSAR-based data mining of SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors, virtual screening to identify potential in-house molecules, and validation of hits through molecular docking analysis. This method could aid in the process of COVID-19","qid":5,"docid":"uhwe6xk1","rank":44,"score":14.80739974975586},{"content":"A study was conducted to discover inhibitors for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 using in-house chemicals and various ligand-based drug design strategies. The approach included QSAR-based data mining of SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors, virtual screening to identify potential in-house molecules against the putative SARS-CoV-2 PLpro target, and validation of hits through re","qid":5,"docid":"xjwwrc06","rank":45,"score":14.807398796081543},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19, is a new human coronavirus with higher transmissibility and infectivity than SARS and MERS. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia leading to ARDS, resulting in over 135,000 deaths and a significant burden on healthcare systems. With no vaccine available, clinical trials are underway for repurposed drugs with acceptable safety profiles or","qid":5,"docid":"g8bu2ene","rank":46,"score":14.798199653625488},{"content":"A study used molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations, and pair interaction energy analyses to examine the binding of lopinavir and ritonavir to the SARS-CoV-2 3CL(pro) protein. Both drugs interacted well with the active site of the protein, with ritonavir having slightly more atomic contacts, binding efficiency, and key binding residues. Ritonavir also formed hydrogen bonds with the oxyanion hole","qid":5,"docid":"7ew6lrvh","rank":47,"score":14.745699882507324},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify natural products from Ayurveda with the potential to modulate the host immune system and block SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells by interfering with its interaction with the cellular receptor. Molecular docking was used to decipher the antiviral activity of selected natural products, and curcumin and nimbin showed the highest interaction with both the spike glycoprotein and ACE2 receptor.","qid":5,"docid":"0qwveb68","rank":48,"score":14.739299774169922},{"content":"An FDA-approved drug analogue, Genz-123346, and a phase III clinical trial analogue, GENZ-667161, inhibit the replication of various RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, by targeting GlucosylCeramide synthase, increasing survival rates in mice infected with some viruses, and have already undergone clinical study.","qid":5,"docid":"2ejg2ngh","rank":49,"score":14.7322998046875},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates exploring evidence-based treatment strategies, including the use of old drugs like Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) due to their known antiviral properties against coronaviruses and safety records. Their potential integration into current treatment strategies is important, as they also have an anticoagulant effect that can prevent thrombotic events. However, recent concerns over","qid":5,"docid":"wgm26pla","rank":50,"score":14.696700096130371},{"content":"A study screened a library of 3,000 drugs to identify new antivirals for SARS-CoV-2. Few antivirals were found in initial screening in Vero cells, but 23 diverse antivirals were validated in human Huh7.5 cells. Further studies in lung epithelial Calu-3 cells revealed major differences in drug sensitivity and entry pathways used by SARS-CoV-","qid":5,"docid":"hsc2x36j","rank":51,"score":14.675999641418457},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of protease inhibitors, such as camostat and nafamostat, to inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human airway epithelial cells. The study found that these protease inhibitors reduced the titers of coronavirus 229E, a related coronavirus, in primary cultures of human nasal epithel","qid":5,"docid":"1a6guo10","rank":52,"score":14.671299934387207},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of protease inhibitors, such as camostat and nafamostat, to inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human airway epithelial cells. The study found that these protease inhibitors reduced the titers of coronavirus 229E, a related coronavirus, in primary cultures of human nasal epithel","qid":5,"docid":"npp1y2ay","rank":53,"score":14.67129898071289},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 lacks an approved treatment. In this study, molecular docking was used to investigate the binding affinity of FDA-approved drugs, including Oseltamivir, Rifampicin, Maraviroc, Etravirine, Indinavir, Rilpivirine, Atovaquone, Quinidine, Halofantrine, Amod","qid":5,"docid":"w9mij6c6","rank":54,"score":14.670000076293945},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that explores the potential use of two HIV-1 protease inhibitor drugs, TMB607 and TMC310911, as repurposed drugs for the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers performed molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations to understand the binding mechanism between these inhibitors and the SARS","qid":5,"docid":"19aeuzer","rank":55,"score":14.656900405883789},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that explores the potential use of two HIV-1 protease inhibitor drugs, TMB607 and TMC310911, as repurposed drugs for the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers performed molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations to understand the binding mechanism between these inhibitors and the SARS","qid":5,"docid":"2v4izbiq","rank":56,"score":14.656899452209473},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as prophylactic or treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infection (covid-19). While some clinical trials have included these drugs, their effectiveness is unknown and there have been no rigorous pre-clinical or clinical studies conducted yet. The drugs have potential side effects, which are particularly concerning for vulnerable patient groups. The passage emphasizes the importance of","qid":5,"docid":"u87lx38h","rank":57,"score":14.647299766540527},{"content":"A study used computer-aided methods to identify approved drugs as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2's Main Protease. Viomycin, an FDA-approved anti-microbial drug, showed the highest binding energy and formed more H-bonds with the Main Protease than current clinical trial drugs Ritonavir and Lopinavir. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested deep binding and robust interaction between Viomycin and the","qid":5,"docid":"9bhp3lph","rank":58,"score":14.629799842834473},{"content":"A study used computer-aided methods to identify approved drugs as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2's Main Protease. Viomycin, an FDA-approved anti-microbial drug, showed the highest binding energy and formed more H-bonds with the Main Protease than current clinical trial drugs Ritonavir and Lopinavir. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested Viomycin embedded deeply and formed robust binding with the","qid":5,"docid":"cvavb7j1","rank":59,"score":14.629798889160156},{"content":"This study investigates the identification of neutralizing antibodies that can bind to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein and interfere with its interaction with the human ACE2 receptor, using bioinformatic methods. Sequence analysis of the S protein revealed two major differences in the RBD region, with insertions near interacting residues with the human ACE2 receptor. Epitope analysis of neutralizing antibodies from S","qid":5,"docid":"dqxfcwyu","rank":60,"score":14.61620044708252},{"content":"An AI platform was used to identify marketed drugs with potential for treating COVID-19 by analyzing compounds active against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses, as well as known 3C-like protease inhibitors. After running the AI system and testing the predicted drugs against a feline coronavirus, 80 potential drugs were identified, with 8 (bedaquiline, brequinar, celeco","qid":5,"docid":"fhmr1og4","rank":61,"score":14.60569953918457},{"content":"An AI platform was used to identify marketed drugs with potential for treating COVID-19 by analyzing compounds active against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses, as well as known 3C-like protease inhibitors. After running the AI system and testing the predicted drugs against a feline coronavirus, 80 potential drugs were identified, with 8 of them (bedaquiline, brequinar,","qid":5,"docid":"wrzh32lh","rank":62,"score":14.605698585510254},{"content":"A study used experimental data from inhibitors of a similar coronavirus's protease to build QSAR models for identifying potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Through virtual screening of all drugs in DrugBank, 41 approved, experimental, or investigational drugs were recommended as potential inhibitors of Mpro. Ten of these drugs with feasible prices were purchased for experimental validation.","qid":5,"docid":"hchioraj","rank":63,"score":14.587599754333496},{"content":"A new enzyme-based immunodetection assay, called in-cell ELISA, has been developed to quantify the amount of de novo synthesized SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein in fixed and permeabilized cells. This method enables rapid and quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in microtiter format, regardless of the virus isolate or target cell culture. It follows the established ELIS","qid":5,"docid":"ew78trl9","rank":64,"score":14.570699691772461},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing global efforts to develop vaccines and drugs for COVID-19, with a focus on the debate over bypassing animal trials. While some researchers are using animal models for challenge studies, others have moved directly to human clinical trials due to the urgency of the pandemic. However, the absence of animal studies can make it difficult to predict outcomes in humans and understand transmission dynamics. The passage also raises ethical concerns regarding the use of animals in research and compares different animal","qid":5,"docid":"3sepefqa","rank":65,"score":14.5649995803833},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing global efforts to develop vaccines and drugs for COVID-19, with a focus on the debate over bypassing animal trials in favor of human clinical trials. While some progress has been made with repurposed drugs and viral protein vaccine candidates, the absence of animal studies raises concerns about potential outcomes in humans. The passage also explores the importance of animal models for vaccine development and the ethical considerations of using animals for research.","qid":5,"docid":"oa8vzf02","rank":66,"score":14.564998626708984},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that identified 20 drugs with potential to be repurposed against SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing their effects on the host protein interactome and comparing the resulting gene expression profiles with those of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The drugs were selected based on their negative correlation with SARS-associated gene expression profiles and included some already being tested for COVID-19, those with proven activity against SARS-Co","qid":5,"docid":"yv2gjjzg","rank":67,"score":14.532099723815918},{"content":"Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, was effective in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, as shown by reduced signs of respiratory disease, lower pulmonary infiltrates, lower lung viral loads, and less lung damage. Early treatment initiation is suggested to prevent progression to pneumonia in COVID-19 patients.","qid":5,"docid":"1cph1uij","rank":68,"score":14.50469970703125},{"content":"Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, was effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, as shown by reduced signs of respiratory disease, lower pulmonary infiltrates, lower lung viral loads, and less lung damage. Early treatment initiation is suggested to prevent progression to pneumonia in COVID-19 patients.","qid":5,"docid":"jxbch44o","rank":69,"score":14.504698753356934},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges of combating the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to the absence of specific drugs or vaccines and the lack of knowledge about therapeutic targets. The article provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2 structure, transmission, and genotype, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies such as inhibiting the endocytic pathway and suppressing RNA polymerase activity. The review also explores drug repurposing","qid":5,"docid":"0wh7x410","rank":70,"score":14.499899864196777},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify drugs effective against SARS-CoV-2 through drug repurposing, focusing on the main protease as the target. An E-pharmacophore hypothesis was generated, and drugs from the superDRUG2 database were screened. The most promising compounds were further evaluated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicated Binifibrate and Bamifylline as strong binders to the enzyme active site,","qid":5,"docid":"rvzgut4w","rank":71,"score":14.48639965057373},{"content":"Remdesivir is a promising drug for treating COVID-19 due to its broad-spectrum antiviral properties and in vitro and animal study results. However, its current IV dosing regimen may not achieve optimal clinical efficacy as plasma exposures and lung concentrations may not correlate with clinical benefits. A combination of IV and pulmonary delivery is suggested to improve antiviral therapy against COVID-19.","qid":5,"docid":"4178ui2c","rank":72,"score":14.466099739074707},{"content":"Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, has shown promise against COVID-19 with in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and in vivo efficacy against MERS-CoV. However, current IV dosing regimen (200 mg loading dose followed by 100 mg daily for 5-9 days) may not achieve optimal clinical efficacy due to insufficient lung exposure. Plasma exposures","qid":5,"docid":"r0znh1bi","rank":73,"score":14.46609878540039},{"content":"A study on SARS-CoV-2 explores its genome sequence similarities to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but the emergence of the new virus has rendered existing drugs ineffective. The research focuses on analyzing potential drug target proteins, mutations, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Structural analysis of drug target proteins provides insights into their mechanism of pathogenesis and structure-","qid":5,"docid":"1evug4fr","rank":74,"score":14.46560001373291},{"content":"A global health crisis is caused by COVID-19. Research is being conducted to discover effective antiviral treatments through new drug design and drug repurposing. Remdesivir, one such drug, has shown activity against SARS-CoV-2's RNA dependent RNA polymerase and has been used clinically in severe cases. However, more accessible and readily available treatments for all stages of infection are required.","qid":5,"docid":"ntozf7ba","rank":75,"score":14.455300331115723},{"content":"A global health crisis exists with COVID-19. Research is underway to discover effective antiviral treatments through new drug design and drug repurposing. Remdesivir, one such drug, has shown activity against SARS-CoV-2's RNA dependent RNA polymerase and has been used clinically in severe cases. However, more accessible and readily available treatments for all stages of infection are required.","qid":5,"docid":"w3ido97l","rank":76,"score":14.455299377441406},{"content":"The WIV1 bat coronavirus uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from various animal species as an entry receptor, with human ACE2 being the most efficient. WIV1 can infect a wide range of wild animals and potentially jump to humans. The virus can be restricted by interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs), but can evade this restriction through TMPRSS2 activation of membrane fusion","qid":5,"docid":"vx0dl0iv","rank":77,"score":14.44950008392334},{"content":"The passage discusses a study evaluating the inhibitory potential of thirty known or repurposed compounds against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study used molecular modeling and docking simulations to determine the affinity of each compound with the active site of the enzyme. Remdesivir was identified as the most effective known inhibitor","qid":5,"docid":"9ikgkpds","rank":78,"score":14.446200370788574},{"content":"A new fluorescence-based high throughput screening (HTS) assay is reported for identifying inhibitors of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a conserved viral enzyme. The availability of a highly active SARS-CoV replication\/transcription complex (RTC) enabled the development of this ass","qid":5,"docid":"gytebbua","rank":79,"score":14.437399864196777},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has led to a need for animal models to test potential treatments beyond vaccines. Current models using macaques, cats, ferrets, hamsters, and transgenic mice have been useful but do not fully recapitulate severe COVID-19 mechanisms. There is a need to develop improved animal models to evaluate drugs for severe COVID-19, specifically for its immunopathology and","qid":5,"docid":"bvociyg2","rank":80,"score":14.435700416564941},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has led to a need for animal models to test potential treatments beyond vaccines. Current models using macaques, cats, ferrets, hamsters, and transgenic mice have been useful but do not fully recapitulate severe COVID-19 mechanisms. There is a need to develop improved animal models to evaluate drugs for severe COVID-19, specifically for its immunopathology and","qid":5,"docid":"zw2boiyo","rank":81,"score":14.435699462890625},{"content":"This study examines the antiviral effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and IMD-0354 against SARS-CoV-2. These compounds were selected due to their antiviral activity against other coronaviruses and their inhibition of Dengue virus infection. Using SARS-CoV-2-infected VeroE6\/TMPRSS2 cells, MPA and IMD-0354","qid":5,"docid":"78zch9yh","rank":82,"score":14.421799659729004},{"content":"This study examines the antiviral effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and IMD-0354 against SARS-CoV-2. These compounds were selected due to their previous antiviral activities against other coronaviruses and their inhibition of Dengue virus infection. Using SARS-CoV-2-infected VeroE6\/TMPRSS2 cells, only MPA and IMD-03","qid":5,"docid":"fcxjt7qf","rank":83,"score":14.421798706054688},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (nsp1), which is absent in humans and plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory diseases. In silico approaches were used to determine the most stable conformation of nsp1 and find drugs with affinity to it. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on five different replicas of nsp1, and molecular docking was","qid":5,"docid":"h4occy7h","rank":84,"score":14.411499977111816},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a global health concern. In the search for potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug leads, this review explores naturally sourced compounds with reported in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV from the last decade. A library of 496 phenolic metabolites was screened against the active site of SARS-CoV Main protease (M","qid":5,"docid":"x1s80rtb","rank":85,"score":14.407600402832031},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of drug repurposing as a strategy for treating COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The authors propose using the fragment-based approach to identify low-molecular-weight drugs that can interact with essential targets of the virus. Through screening, they identified niacin and hit 1 binding to the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro), modestly inhibiting its enzymatic activity","qid":5,"docid":"dpble2jd","rank":86,"score":14.401700019836426},{"content":"Researchers are exploring currently approved drugs to determine their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, with the goal of prioritizing antiviral activity for clinical trials. They are also testing drug combinations to reduce the emergence of resistant viruses. Results should be interpreted with caution due to limitations of the in vitro model, and successful antivirals will be tested in animal models and potentially used as treatments for infected patients or pre-exposure proph","qid":5,"docid":"ywaefpe8","rank":87,"score":14.36460018157959},{"content":"This study aimed to identify potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)) using computational approaches due to the urgent need for antiviral drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four antibiotics, doxycycline, tetracycline, demeclocycline, and minocycline, were selected for molecular simulation analysis against the native ligand N3 inhibitor in the SARS-CoV-","qid":5,"docid":"8g9yyryl","rank":88,"score":14.36359977722168},{"content":"This study aimed to identify potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) using computational approaches due to the urgent need for antiviral drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four antibiotics, including doxycycline, tetracycline, demeclocycline, and minocycline, were selected for molecular simulation analysis against the native ligand N3 inhibitor in the SARS-CoV-","qid":5,"docid":"xpwmoeij","rank":89,"score":14.363598823547363},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential of the natural product glycyrrhizic acid (GLR), a safe and previously used drug for liver diseases and inflammation, as an alternative treatment for COVID-19. GLR has shown antiviral properties against SARS-associated coronaviruses and acts by disrupting lipid rafts on the cell membrane, preventing coronavirus entry, and trapping the high mobility group box 1 protein to block its","qid":5,"docid":"30g3nrj6","rank":90,"score":14.348999977111816},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 5.59 million people and claimed over 0.35 million lives worldwide. The lack of an approved vaccine or drug is a major challenge in combating the pandemic. Drug repurposing, which identifies existing drugs effective against SARS-CoV-2, can expedite the process of drug development. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is","qid":5,"docid":"hg9i6v26","rank":91,"score":14.348799705505371},{"content":"The passage discusses the discovery of potential multi-target-directed ligands for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting its structurally conserved main protease (MPro). Phylogenetic and Sequence Similarity Network analysis revealed that MPro can be clustered into five groups based on viral hosts, with conserved backbone and binding site conformations. Screening of approximately 7100 molecules, including natural compounds","qid":5,"docid":"hwmg4l41","rank":92,"score":14.334699630737305},{"content":"This passage discusses a molecular docking analysis study targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and twelve compounds found in common herbs. The study aimed to find effective ligands for the S protein to treat COVID-19. Compound \"I\" (Epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG) from green tea showed the highest binding affinity with the viral S protein, followed by compounds \"F\" (Curcumin","qid":5,"docid":"1sxhza50","rank":93,"score":14.330300331115723},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aimed at identifying potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting proteins involved in envelope formation and virion assembly. The study used molecular docking analysis and simulation studies on a collection of 548 anti-viral compounds. Rutin, doxycycline, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, simeprevir, and grazoprevir were identified as the most potent inhibitors for the","qid":5,"docid":"j92mfwkj","rank":94,"score":14.314800262451172},{"content":"A high throughput virtual screening study used in silico techniques to identify natural compounds from the NPASS database with potential inhibitory effects on six essential enzymes of SARS-CoV-2. Three promising multi-target natural compounds were predicted to inhibit multiple major drug targets simultaneously, making them excellent lead candidates for developing therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2.","qid":5,"docid":"76lvmoug","rank":95,"score":14.281800270080566},{"content":"A high throughput virtual screening study used in silico techniques to identify natural compounds from the NPASS database with potential inhibitory activity against six essential enzymes of SARS-CoV-2. Three promising multi-target natural compounds were predicted to inhibit multiple major drug targets simultaneously, making them excellent lead candidates for developing therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2.","qid":5,"docid":"mb4tkde8","rank":96,"score":14.28179931640625},{"content":"A global priority during the COVID-19 pandemic is discovering drugs that can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 to reduce mortality and morbidity. Repurposing approved drugs offers therapeutic alternatives with a documented safety record and infrastructure for large-scale production. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a critical target for inhibition but has a flexible active site. In this study, 4384 approved drugs","qid":5,"docid":"jnw0pnfu","rank":97,"score":14.279399871826172},{"content":"This passage discusses the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19. SARS-CoV and COVID-19 bind to ACE2 on nonimmune cells, such as respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells, endothelial cells, kidney","qid":5,"docid":"vslevssr","rank":98,"score":14.262800216674805},{"content":"The passage discusses the background and methods of a study aiming to identify existing drugs as potential antiviral agents for coronaviruses, specifically SARS-CoV-2. The researchers screened approximately 250 drugs or compounds against feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus (FIPV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), and found fifteen drugs to be active against both viruses. These drugs,","qid":5,"docid":"w8ta2qgh","rank":99,"score":14.258000373840332},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of virtual screening and ADME\/tox predictions to identify potential inhibitors for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M(pro)), responsible for the replication of the COVID-19 virus. Structural data of M(pro) were used to identify potential inhibitors from two compound libraries. The top-ranked compounds were subjected to pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictions, resulting in 10 top","qid":5,"docid":"wg1rshzk","rank":100,"score":14.249600410461426}]}
{"query":"what types of rapid testing for Covid-19 have been developed?","hits":[{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":6,"docid":"gnaubzah","rank":1,"score":9.728799819946289},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":6,"docid":"hlhhvmtu","rank":2,"score":9.728798866271973},{"content":"A large number of COVID-19 laboratory tests have been developed and adopted at an unprecedented speed in recent months. This publication aims to provide a general overview of COVID-19 laboratory testing, including regulatory complexities in the US and a synopsis of available tests. The focus will be on nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) and viral protein detection for active infections, as well as serological tests for diagnosis, prior infections, and potential immunity.","qid":6,"docid":"x7v4y1ru","rank":3,"score":9.64900016784668},{"content":"A large number of COVID-19 laboratory tests have been developed and adopted at an unprecedented speed in recent months. This publication aims to provide a general overview of COVID-19 laboratory testing, including regulatory complexities in the US and a synopsis of available tests. The focus will be on nucleic acid amplification tests for direct detection of the virus and serological tests for diagnosis and identification of prior infections.","qid":6,"docid":"r7glmi7p","rank":4,"score":9.571599960327148},{"content":"A small number of studies have identified SARS-CoV-2 in urine samples, despite the virus primarily spreading through air. Of the 187 urine samples tested, six were positive, with one case showing persistence for up to 42 days. This raises concerns for Endourologists, who perform many urine-exposed procedures, as they could potentially be exposed perioperatively. The type of PPE Endourologists should use remains un","qid":6,"docid":"mk3ley2o","rank":5,"score":9.466400146484375},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 and raises concerns about the absence of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight for serologic assays, leading to variable test performance and unclear results. The article summarizes the differences among serologic assays, including their format, antibody class detected, targeted antigen, and acceptable specimen types. It also highlights the need for a better understanding of how to use these tests","qid":6,"docid":"ile2md92","rank":6,"score":9.2923002243042},{"content":"A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of two Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), COVID-PRESTO and COVID-DUO, in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human whole blood compared to the gold standard, RT-PCR. Among 381 patients with COVID-19 symptoms, 143 were RT-PCR negative, and both RDTs showed 100% specificity. In the RT","qid":6,"docid":"85b4lwh3","rank":7,"score":9.098199844360352},{"content":"Saliva, an exocrine secretion with various functions, is now recognized as a source of biological markers for diagnostics due to advancements in salivaomics. Non-invasive collection, economy, and monitoring systemic health make saliva an attractive diagnostic fluid. During the Covid-19 pandemic, saliva has emerged as a potential alternative to nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for diagnostic testing due to its non-invas","qid":6,"docid":"awy3aans","rank":8,"score":8.610600471496582},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, causing a global spread with increasing deaths. NCIP, the infection caused by COVID-19, presents with fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. Various chest imaging features have been reported, similar to other coronavirus syndromes. This review discusses the epidemiology and imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, focusing","qid":6,"docid":"ifu4fvwh","rank":9,"score":8.605600357055664},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, causing a global spread with increasing deaths. NCIP, the infection caused by COVID-19, presents with fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. Various chest imaging features have been reported, similar to other coronavirus syndromes. This review discusses the epidemiology and imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, focusing","qid":6,"docid":"rvg5elrc","rank":10,"score":8.605599403381348},{"content":"A rapid point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay has been developed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human blood within 15 minutes. Clinical studies involving 525 participants showed an overall sensitivity of 88.66% and specificity of 90.63%. The test was consistent across different types of blood samples and offered better utility and sensitivity than single IgM","qid":6,"docid":"a9clzlzb","rank":11,"score":8.496600151062012},{"content":"A rapid point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay has been developed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human blood within 15 minutes. Clinical studies involving 525 participants showed an overall sensitivity of 88.66% and specificity of 90.63%. The test was consistent across different types of blood samples and offered better utility and sensitivity than single IgM","qid":6,"docid":"g7ogkdlc","rank":12,"score":8.496599197387695},{"content":"The passage discusses the advancements in antiviral drugs for treating various viral infections, including HSV-1 and HSV-2, CMV, VZV, influenza A virus, RSV, HIV-1, papillomaviruses, and hepatitis B and C viruses. However, the emergence of drug-resistant viruses, particularly in immunocompromised patients, is a concern. Factors contributing to resistance include","qid":6,"docid":"6324190r","rank":13,"score":8.462699890136719},{"content":"The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020, caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Rapid diagnostic tests have been developed, but more specific point-of-care tests are needed. This review covers currently available testing methods and approved tests, such as the Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test (45 minutes) and Abbott ID COVID-19 test (5","qid":6,"docid":"1dr4r3n4","rank":14,"score":8.441300392150879},{"content":"A study used iAT2s, human lung alveolar type 2 cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, to simulate the initial apical infection of the distal lung epithelium with SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection led to a rapid shift to an inflammatory phenotype, with the secretion of cytokines and delayed interferon responses. Over","qid":6,"docid":"ulb3vy01","rank":15,"score":8.436800003051758},{"content":"A consensus summary report from a CEPI\/BC meeting in March 2020 discussed the concern of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines. With over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and six in clinical trials, rapid development poses safety challenges. Disease enhancement, where vaccinated individuals experience increased severity or death upon encountering the virus, has been observed with some viral vaccines. Animal models have been used to understand the underlying mechanisms and design new vaccine candidates for Res","qid":6,"docid":"eeh2a0t8","rank":16,"score":8.431699752807617},{"content":"A consensus summary report from a CEPI\/BC meeting in March 2020 discussed the risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines. With over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and six in clinical trials, rapid development poses safety challenges. Disease enhancement, where vaccinated individuals experience increased severity or death upon encountering the virus, is a concern due to past instances with RSV, MERS, and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines. The","qid":6,"docid":"g4ak4t31","rank":17,"score":8.4316987991333},{"content":"The passage discusses the development and implementation of clinical tests for COVID-19 in the United States. Initially, the CDC developed a test, but as cases increased, the demand for tests led to the utilization of Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) to allow clinical and commercial laboratories to develop tests. Many nucleic acid tests based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were developed, with varying techniques, specifications","qid":6,"docid":"isswwnzn","rank":18,"score":8.412300109863281},{"content":"A rapid scoping review was conducted to summarize clinical practice guidelines for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fourteen relevant articles were found, but none followed a systematic search for evidence or used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Recommendations were categorized into \"Which patients to attend,\" \"How should the clinic work,\" and \"What interventions should be avoided.\" All guidelines suggested","qid":6,"docid":"8zqkel14","rank":19,"score":8.3774995803833},{"content":"A study was conducted on the Ct value distribution of SARS-CoV-2 patients in Japan using qRT-PCR tests and recently approved antigen testing kits. The mean Ct value of 62 first-visit positive cases was 24.9 with a standard deviation of 5.45. The antigen testing kit showed a positive predictive value of 80.6%, negative predictive value of 100%, and an","qid":6,"docid":"fyshred0","rank":20,"score":8.36299991607666},{"content":"A rapid review of 14 articles on ophthalmological patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic identified 51 recommendations, none of which were based on systematic evidence searches or used the GRADE methodology for developing recommendations. All guidelines suggested rescheduling non-urgent consultations and surgeries, reinforcing contact precautions, using personal protection equipment, and disinfecting surfaces and instruments. The guidelines should be improved with systematic searches,","qid":6,"docid":"of7nk5ox","rank":21,"score":8.358699798583984},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic requires more widespread testing for effective public health response. Nucleic-acid tests offer the most sensitive and early detection but have limitations such as long completion time, human labor, and resource requirements. A need exists to evaluate alternative protocols, reagents, and approaches to address potential shortages. Recent research explores advances in COVID-19 nucleic acid testing, including both peer-reviewed and preprint articles. Due to the rapid developments during","qid":6,"docid":"b3wp314u","rank":22,"score":8.351200103759766},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic requires more widespread testing for effective public health response. Nucleic-acid-based tests offer the most sensitive and early detection but have limitations due to long completion time, human labor, and resource requirements. A need exists to evaluate alternative protocols, reagents, and approaches to address potential shortages. Recent research explores advances in COVID-19 nucleic acid testing, including both peer-reviewed and preprint articles. Due to the rapid","qid":6,"docid":"opdva99w","rank":23,"score":8.35119915008545},{"content":"The passage discusses the global focus on developing COVID-19 vaccines due to the pandemic, and how previous research on other coronavirus vaccines has provided valuable information. However, there are knowledge gaps that need to be addressed, some specific to SARS-CoV-2 and others fundamental to immunology and vaccinology. Despite these challenges, the progress made in COVID-19 research is remarkable, and there is optimism about the rapid development of a vaccine.","qid":6,"docid":"hotn7qha","rank":24,"score":8.33590030670166},{"content":"The passage discusses the global focus on developing a COVID-19 vaccine in light of the pandemic, and how previous research on other coronavirus vaccines has provided valuable information. However, there are knowledge gaps specific to SARS-CoV-2 and fundamental to immunology and vaccinology that need to be addressed. Despite these challenges, the progress made on COVID-19 research is remarkable, and the authors are optimistic about the rapid development of a vaccine. The article","qid":6,"docid":"tdvb0fhv","rank":25,"score":8.335899353027344},{"content":"Healthcare workers have faced mental health challenges while treating COVID-19 patients, with previous pandemics providing insight into these issues. A rapid review of 40 qualitative studies identified eight themes transcending pandemics, time, and geographical boundaries, including fear, trauma, moral distress, burnout, stigma, social support, organizational support, and self-care. Learning from past experiences can help mitigate negative mental health effects and support the long-term wellbeing of","qid":6,"docid":"6gc7smqf","rank":26,"score":8.30739974975586},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of developing an effective vaccine for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with no approved formulation announced yet. Epitope-based peptide vaccines are highlighted for their advantages, including low cost, ease of modification, and safety. The review summarizes vaccine studies against COVID-19 and provides detailed information about epitope-based peptide vaccines, comparing them to other types and discussing development steps for an","qid":6,"docid":"j6gn8exx","rank":27,"score":8.281399726867676},{"content":"A rapid systematic review investigated the association between coronavirus and audio-vestibular symptoms. Five case reports and two cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting rare instances of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo in individuals with SARS-CoV-2. No such symptoms were reported with earlier types of coronavirus. The studies were of poor quality, and more research is needed to understand the acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 on","qid":6,"docid":"luitq92d","rank":28,"score":8.277899742126465},{"content":"A rapid systematic review investigated audio-vestibular symptoms associated with coronavirus. Five case reports and two cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. No audio-vestibular symptoms were reported with earlier types of coronavirus (SARS and MERS). Rare reports of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo have been documented in individuals with SARS-CoV-2. The studies were of poor quality, and more research is needed to understand the ac","qid":6,"docid":"uivoe66n","rank":29,"score":8.277898788452148},{"content":"A new mouse model for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developed using adeno-associated viruses (AAV) to express the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) gene. These mice can support viral replication, antibody production, and exhibit pathologic findings similar to COVID-19 patients and non","qid":6,"docid":"rycluj9p","rank":30,"score":8.23390007019043},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of test-negative designs with added controls in studying COVID-19. Test-negative designs involve comparing test-positives to test-negatives, with the addition of a control group for further comparison. The use of a control group helps reduce potential biases and ensures type-I error control through Bonferroni correction. The passage introduces two new methods for inference in test-negative designs, which offer better interpretability and higher statistical power by","qid":6,"docid":"0tkg57em","rank":31,"score":8.200400352478027},{"content":"Mologic began developing COVID-19 diagnostics, including ELISA and RDTs, with anticipated funding from Wellcome Trust and DFID. The ELISA test had a sensitivity of 95% after 7 days and 97% after 10 days of diagnosis, while specificity was 97% based on a panel of samples from before the pandemic. These tests will be used for diagnosis, contact tracing, and sero-epidemi","qid":6,"docid":"nol2n8fo","rank":32,"score":8.192899703979492},{"content":"A new RT-LAMP assay has been developed for the rapid and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2. The assay targets the nucleocapsid gene of the viral RNA and has a detection limit similar to qRT-PCR, with a rapid 30-minute detection time and colorimetric visualization. It specifically detects SARS-CoV-2 RNA with no cross-reactivity to related coronaviruses or","qid":6,"docid":"77jpm4o0","rank":33,"score":8.123499870300293},{"content":"A new RT-LAMP assay has been developed for the rapid and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2. The assay targets the nucleocapsid gene of the viral RNA and has a detection limit similar to qRT-PCR, with a rapid 30-minute detection time and colorimetric visualization. It specifically detects SARS-CoV-2 RNA with no cross-reactivity to other coronaviruses or","qid":6,"docid":"sdde8bgd","rank":34,"score":8.123498916625977},{"content":"The passage discusses an evaluation of the diagnostic performance and user-friendliness of eleven rapid tests for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The study involved testing participants with confirmed COVID-19, recovered outpatients, and those with suspected infections using PCR as a reference. The rapid tests detected antibodies in hospitalized patients but had varying sensitivities. In recovered outpatients, five tests had low IgG sensitivity below","qid":6,"docid":"7ur8hr23","rank":35,"score":8.117799758911133},{"content":"The passage discusses an evaluation of the diagnostic performance and user-friendliness of eleven rapid tests for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The study involved testing participants with PCR at a clinical microbiology lab and comparing the results with the rapid tests. The tests had varying sensitivities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, recovered outpatients, and participants with suspected COVID-19 infection. The rapid tests were generally easy to perform","qid":6,"docid":"xa1v5t63","rank":36,"score":8.117798805236816},{"content":"A report details over 800 confirmed COVID-19 cases on three cruise ship voyages, with linked cases reported in the US. Transmission occurred between ships via crew members, affecting both passengers and crew. Ten deaths have been reported. Public health implications include the risk of rapid disease spread beyond voyages, necessitating aggressive containment measures, and recommending a global cruise travel deferral during the pandemic.","qid":6,"docid":"9b6j5lk0","rank":37,"score":8.114700317382812},{"content":"A study developed a multiplex real-time PCR test for detecting Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2, Varicella Zoster Virus, adenovirus, and Chlamydia trachomatis from eye swabs. This test allows for simultaneous identification of multiple pathogens, improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing turnaround times for clinical samples. The test was proven to be sensitive, specific, and robust.","qid":6,"docid":"ujo72w06","rank":38,"score":8.028599739074707},{"content":"The study evaluated the diagnostic performance of an immunochromatography-based assay for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies in human serum for COVID-19. The assay was applied to 149 subjects who had undergone RT-PCR testing for COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 92.9% (84.1-97.6) and 96.","qid":6,"docid":"5dov14wy","rank":39,"score":8.01550006866455},{"content":"A study evaluated the diagnostic performance of an immunochromatography-based assay for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies in human serum for COVID-19. The assay was applied to 149 subjects who had undergone RT-PCR testing for COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 92.9% (84.1-97.6) and 96.","qid":6,"docid":"yo5dqwkk","rank":40,"score":8.015499114990234},{"content":"A cluster of unknown cause pneumonia cases were identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, which was later determined to be caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The outbreak led to unprecedented public health actions, including the isolation of Wuhan, and a scientific response with early publication of the pathogen genome and rapid diagnostic development. This article will summarize the current clinical knowledge of COVID-19 caused by S","qid":6,"docid":"3mnmib3o","rank":41,"score":8.011500358581543},{"content":"In December 2019, health authorities in Wuhan, China identified a cluster of unknown cause pneumonia cases linked to the South China Seafood Market. The causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, leading to a major outbreak. Public health measures included isolating Wuhan, and a scientific response included early genome publication and diagnostic development. This article summarizes new knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 and its","qid":6,"docid":"sn72mkzq","rank":42,"score":8.011499404907227},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes in healthcare and societies, leading to the need for various interventions. Implementation science, with its multidisciplinary approach and systematic methods, can help design, evaluate, and analyze these programs and policies. The pandemic highlights the importance of innovative and rigorous approaches to real-world data collection and analysis. Implementation scientists are encouraged to focus on contributing to managing Covid-19's impact on people, healthcare, and society.","qid":6,"docid":"1p1917my","rank":43,"score":8.010199546813965},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes in healthcare and societies, leading to the need for various interventions. Implementation science, with its multidisciplinary approach and systematic methods, can help design, evaluate, and analyze these programs and policies. The pandemic highlights the importance of innovative and rigorous approaches to real-world data collection and analysis. Implementation scientists are encouraged to focus on contributing to managing Covid-19's impact on people, healthcare, and society.","qid":6,"docid":"212qr1rw","rank":44,"score":8.010198593139648},{"content":"An elderly female presented to the hospital after an episode of syncope (fainting) and was found to be afebrile with a normal chest X-ray, raising no suspicion of COVID-19. However, she later developed a fever and tested positive for the virus. This case highlights the expanding range of COVID-19 symptoms and the potential for misdiagnosis and delayed implementation of precautions.","qid":6,"docid":"c5dm1d6t","rank":45,"score":8.0024995803833},{"content":"An elderly female presented to the hospital after an episode of syncope (fainting) and was found to be afebrile with a normal chest X-ray, raising no suspicion of COVID-19. However, she later developed a fever and tested positive for the virus. This case highlights the expanding range of COVID-19 symptoms and the potential for misdiagnosis and delayed implementation of precautions.","qid":6,"docid":"v5uz8rsu","rank":46,"score":8.002498626708984},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of COVID-19 globally and introduces a statistical time delay dynamic model developed to reveal the importance of early and effective isolation in containing the epidemic. Applying this model to the situation in Japan, the authors warn of a potential rapid outbreak if quarantine measures are not implemented immediately.","qid":6,"docid":"u6b8iwr0","rank":47,"score":8.001700401306152},{"content":"The Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool is a web-based application that quickly and accurately identifies and characterizes SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sequences from next generation sequencing datasets. It can process up to 2,000 sequences per submission and classify SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with high accuracy. The tool allows tracking of new viral mutations and a","qid":6,"docid":"st5idleq","rank":48,"score":8.001099586486816},{"content":"This retrospective study analyzed 1848 COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang shelter hospital between Feb 5th and Mar 9th, 2020. Of these, 1327 were released after recovery, while 521 were transferred to designated hospitals due to severe symptoms or comorbidities. The case-severity rate was 3.0%. Patients progressing to severe type had a median inc","qid":6,"docid":"67r1qmc9","rank":49,"score":7.948599815368652},{"content":"A pandemic-induced surge in medical product development, from test kits to vaccines, raises legal questions regarding liability under the European Product Liability Directive. Existing concepts like defect, causation, and defenses may need adjustment to account for the pandemic's impact on production. The article explores these issues and proposes alternative responses, such as government indemnities, liability exemptions, and no-fault compensation schemes.","qid":6,"docid":"sjub0mwv","rank":50,"score":7.947000026702881},{"content":"The passage discusses a study in Ireland on the probability of herds with cattle that test negative for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) at routine slaughter but have lesions, and later have skin-test reactors at follow-up tests. The study examines how herd-size, herd-type, and bTB-history impact the likelihood of additional reactors. The dataset used was from 2005 to 2019 and","qid":6,"docid":"iq5yuwwv","rank":51,"score":7.9257001876831055},{"content":"In December 2019, health authorities in Wuhan, China identified a cluster of unknown aetiology pneumonia cases linked to the city's South China Seafood Market. The causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which sparked a major outbreak. The scientific response included early publication of the pathogen genome and rapid development of diagnostics. This article reviews new knowledge of SARS-CoV-2","qid":6,"docid":"9griuata","rank":52,"score":7.9197001457214355},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of developing rapid-molecular point-of-care (POC) tests for detecting COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV), which has become a global pandemic. The transmission rate of COVID-19 is high, and there is a need for accurate and high-quality diagnostic testing, especially in developing countries, to screen suspected cases and monitor the disease. A POC device that is rapid","qid":6,"docid":"yvsv8ns2","rank":53,"score":7.907800197601318},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 has spread worldwide since December 2019. Clinical laboratories have developed various assays for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and managing COVID-19 patients, including molecular and serologic tests with point-of-care capabilities. This review summarizes the available testing types for patient care and plasma donor screening.","qid":6,"docid":"qexn0nuy","rank":54,"score":7.899600028991699},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 has spread worldwide since December 2019. Clinical laboratories have developed various assays for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and managing COVID-19 patients, including molecular and serologic tests with point-of-care capabilities. This review summarizes the available testing types for patient care and plasma donor screening.","qid":6,"docid":"zyrzfm40","rank":55,"score":7.899599075317383},{"content":"A 3D printed latticed nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 testing was rapidly developed using Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) due to supply chain disruptions caused by the pandemic. NP swabs, essential for testing SARS-CoV-2 infections, have been in short supply. A latticed tip NP swab was designed and fabricated from a previously approved resin used for dental night guards. The sw","qid":6,"docid":"luifhy6g","rank":56,"score":7.897299766540527},{"content":"This review discusses the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on antibody responses and the immunogenicity of leading vaccine candidates. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 patients offer insights into vaccine design. Recombinant proteins are the most immunogenic vaccine candidates but are not part of the initial \"Warp Speed\" efforts. Adverse events are a concern,","qid":6,"docid":"khfiy0m2","rank":57,"score":7.88640022277832},{"content":"This review discusses the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on antibody responses to infection and the immunogenicity of leading vaccine candidates. Recombinant proteins are the most immunogenic but not part of the initial \"Warp Speed\" vaccines. Adverse events are a concern, with past experiences from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV vaccines considered. Out","qid":6,"docid":"y883anmp","rank":58,"score":7.886399269104004},{"content":"The passage discusses the parallel impacts of COVID-19 and diabetes as global health crises. While efforts to mitigate COVID-19 have been swift, the response to diabetes has been more subdued. People with diabetes have experienced higher mortality and morbidity from COVID-19. The article shares experiences from an urban diabetes service in the UK, focusing on the impact on patients and healthcare providers, and potential lessons for the future.","qid":6,"docid":"dbclnrwr","rank":59,"score":7.852799892425537},{"content":"The Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool is a web-based application that quickly and accurately identifies and characterizes SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sequences from next-generation sequencing datasets. It can process up to 2000 sequences per submission and classify SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with high accuracy. The tool allows tracking of new viral mutations and","qid":6,"docid":"88hswyln","rank":60,"score":7.843100070953369},{"content":"A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology is proposed for rapid and affordable detection of COVID-19. The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in a large number of infections and deaths worldwide, including in India where there is a critical shortage of detection kits. The MIP technique, which has already been successfully used to detect taste contributing agents in tea, is described in detail. It is inexpensive, selective, reusable, and easy","qid":6,"docid":"hmt9ojvc","rank":61,"score":7.837600231170654},{"content":"The UK Government established the UK Vaccine Network in 2015 to focus on vaccine development for emerging diseases, recognizing their importance in controlling threats. A Working Group created a Human Vaccine Development Process Map, but also produced a Veterinary Vaccine Development Process Map due to the impact of zoonotic diseases on animal wellbeing. The paper outlines the creation of this map, detailing the process from Target Product Profile generation through Discovery and Feasibility to Product","qid":6,"docid":"wtjlqhv4","rank":62,"score":7.835899829864502},{"content":"The passage discusses a study in Ireland on the probability of herds with skin-test negative cattle that have lesions at routine slaughter (LRS) having additional reactors at follow-up tests. The study used data from 2005 to 2019 and found that herd-size, herd-type, and bovine tuberculosis (bTB) history affected the likelihood of additional reactors. Larger herds and dairy","qid":6,"docid":"rxu79by8","rank":63,"score":7.8180999755859375},{"content":"A new generation of magnetic lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as detecting labels is gaining popularity in diagnostics due to their quantitative capability and ability for immunomagnetic separation (IMS), leading to improved selectivity and sensitivity. This review covers the current knowledge on magnetic LFIAs, classifying it into optical and magnetic sensing categories. The type of MNPs, their size, coating","qid":6,"docid":"lyw3en42","rank":64,"score":7.815700054168701},{"content":"A study was conducted on the Chinese herbal medicine Jinhua Qinggan granule (JHQGG) and its effect on healthy individuals in relation to COVID-19. The results showed that JHQGG rapidly decreases the plasma level of IL-6 and increases the plasma level of IFN-\u03b3. These findings suggest that JHQGG's therapeutic efficacy against COVID-19 is linked to its rapid immunomodulatory activity","qid":6,"docid":"5lpe8hg2","rank":65,"score":7.800000190734863},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop a method for detecting nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples and urine for rapid and early diagnosis of COVID-19. The study included 239 participants with suspected infection from 7 centers. Nucleocapsid protein was detected using a fluorescence immunochromatographic assay, which showed 100% agreement with nucleic","qid":6,"docid":"5xxi33v3","rank":66,"score":7.777900218963623},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health crisis, resulting in quarantines and restructuring of healthcare services. Health professionals have been at the forefront of providing emergency aid, but are facing mental health risks due to disease uncertainty, organizational factors, and personal concerns. Disease characteristics include rapid spread, severity, lack of knowledge, and deaths among healthcare workers. Organizational factors include depletion of personal protection equipment, concerns about competent care, rapidly changing information","qid":6,"docid":"c7weqc03","rank":67,"score":7.770199775695801},{"content":"The UK Government established the UK Vaccine Network in 2015 to focus on vaccine development for emerging diseases, recognizing their importance in controlling threats like Ebola, MERS, and COVID-19. A Working Group created a Human Vaccine Development Process Map, but also produced a Veterinary Vaccine Development Process Map due to the significance of animal health and zoonotic diseases. This paper outlines the creation of the Veterinary Vaccine Development Process Map","qid":6,"docid":"48483m5b","rank":68,"score":7.760300159454346},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an urgent need for effective treatments, making drug repurposing an emerging approach. Existing drugs are being investigated for new therapeutic uses against SARS-CoV-2. Broad-spectrum antiviral agents like Ribavirin and Umifenovir, antibiotics such as teicoplanin, oritavancin, dalbavancin, monensin, and azithromy","qid":6,"docid":"9idkf0i9","rank":69,"score":7.755499839782715},{"content":"Ghana, despite its healthcare and scientific infrastructure deficit, has made significant innovations in the fight against COVID-19. Ghanaian scientists were among the first in Africa to sequence the genome of the novel coronavirus. The country's laboratory introduced innovative testing methods, allowing for a greater testing scale per million than the rest of Africa. Drones are used to deliver samples to laboratory centers for testing. Local scientists and developers have created rapid diagnostic test kits, ventilators","qid":6,"docid":"k4a11aij","rank":70,"score":7.754000186920166},{"content":"A cross-sectional study titled \"SARS-2-SCREEN\" is being conducted in several municipalities in Italy's Lombardy Region, which were among the earliest-affected areas by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study aims to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using rapid immunochromatographic testing and subsequent confirmation by serology on ven","qid":6,"docid":"wg641kli","rank":71,"score":7.747300148010254},{"content":"Labs and companies are developing antibody tests for COVID-19 to determine the true number of cases and potential immunity to new infections. However, large-scale data from these tests, such as the percentage of immune individuals in hard-hit areas like Wuhan, China, is currently lacking or not publicly available. Scientists anticipate this information will become available as more tests become accessible.","qid":6,"docid":"ecxji8x8","rank":72,"score":7.738100051879883},{"content":"A study demonstrates the possibility of performing RT-qPCR tests for COVID-19 in just 12 minutes using untreated samples, heat-inactivated samples, or extracted RNA templates, without the need for expensive equipment like RNA isolation instruments and real-time PCR thermal cyclers. This rapid RT-PCR method can be implemented in low resource settings for sensitive and specific molecular diagnosis of COVID-19.","qid":6,"docid":"lqio7l8k","rank":73,"score":7.726500034332275},{"content":"A systematic review aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Twenty-four studies were included, indicating that children have a lower observed case rate than adults but may have similar infection rates. Limited data suggest children have milder symptoms and can be asymptomatic, but severe cases and transmission dynamics are not well understood.","qid":6,"docid":"998lscmk","rank":74,"score":7.719200134277344},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an immunochromatographic test for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. The test was validated using serum samples from healthy controls and confirmed COVID-19 patients, establishing a specificity of 100% and an overall sensitivity of 47.3%. In patients with 14 days or more from","qid":6,"docid":"t6rs1i7b","rank":75,"score":7.707099914550781},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is primarily driven by community transmission, and rapid testing is necessary to prevent further spread. Isothermal amplification technology, including loop-mediated amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and Nicking enzyme-assisted reaction (NEAR), offers an alternative to standard PCR technology for resource-limited settings. These isothermal platforms are quick, performed by non-laboratory staff, and","qid":6,"docid":"gi1dlail","rank":76,"score":7.682000160217285},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of ten studies on the use of rapid diagnostic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies found a pooled sensitivity of 64.8% (54.5-74.0) and specificity of 98.0% (95.8-99.0) with high heterogeneity and risk of reporting bias. The study concludes that while rapid tests are necessary for managing the COVID","qid":6,"docid":"4ipuy7su","rank":77,"score":7.661900043487549},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of ten studies on the use of rapid diagnostic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies found a pooled sensitivity of 64.8% (54.5-74.0%) and specificity of 98.0% (95.8-99.0%), with high heterogeneity and risk of reporting bias. The study concludes that while rapid tests are necessary for managing the","qid":6,"docid":"tujxlve3","rank":78,"score":7.661899089813232},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents a challenge due to limited treatment options and guidelines. This narrative review summarizes the effectiveness of current therapies for COVID-19, focusing on antivirals (remdesivir, favipiravir), antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine), and combination treatments (hydroxychloroquine\/azithromycin or chloroquine). Remdesivir","qid":6,"docid":"4ehhtkfn","rank":79,"score":7.657899856567383},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents a challenge due to limited treatment options and guidelines. This narrative review summarizes the effectiveness of current therapies for COVID-19, focusing on antivirals (remdesivir, favipiravir), antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine), and combination treatments (hydroxychloroquine\/azithromycin or chloroquine). Remdesivir","qid":6,"docid":"9ryu9ady","rank":80,"score":7.657898902893066},{"content":"The molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 primarily uses RT-PCR to detect RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Challenges include false negatives, temporal variations of viral loads, specimen selection and treatment, and detecting viral proteins. Research is needed to improve RT-PCR, develop alternative amplification techniques, incorporate CRISPR technology for POC tests, validate POC tests, and sequence viral RNA and its mutations","qid":6,"docid":"1a6d8urj","rank":81,"score":7.645599842071533},{"content":"The molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 primarily uses RT-PCR to detect RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Challenges include false negatives, temporal variations of viral loads, specimen selection and treatment, and detecting viral proteins. Research is needed to improve RT-PCR, develop alternative amplification techniques, incorporate CRISPR technology for POC tests, validate POC tests, and sequence viral RNA and its mutations","qid":6,"docid":"ygcksgpg","rank":82,"score":7.645598888397217},{"content":"The passage discusses the psychopathological consequences of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic, which include anxiety, depression, suicidal or addictive behaviors, domestic violence, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The mechanisms of these disorders and their interrelationships are not fully understood. Other potential issues, such as boredom, social isolation, stress, and sleep deprivation, are also mentioned. Hallucinations, which are linked to social isolation, are cur","qid":6,"docid":"vu0cevon","rank":83,"score":7.638500213623047},{"content":"A rapid overview of reviews was conducted to examine approaches to research co-design in health settings, focusing on the study planning phase. The review identified 26 records reporting on 23 reviews, which varied in application of research co-design, contexts, and theoretical foci. Research co-design approaches included interactions with end-users outside of planning, such as recruitment and dissemination. Activities involved in research co-design were focus groups, interviews, and surveys. The","qid":6,"docid":"cd845zuh","rank":84,"score":7.633399963378906},{"content":"A total of 4,302,774 cases of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, have been reported in 212 countries and territories as of May 12, 2020. Rapid and accurate diagnostic testing is essential to track the spread of the disease and implement public health interventions. Key components of viral diagnostic tests include sample collection, availability of viral sequences, and laboratory testing methods","qid":6,"docid":"401tisd3","rank":85,"score":7.630000114440918},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for colorectal surgery, requiring considerations for patient and caregiver safety, OR utilization, and techniques. Additional PPE may be necessary based on local testing availability and community infection rates. Negative-pressure ORs are recommended for aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and hospital spaces have been successfully converted to negative-pressure environments. Debate surrounds the use of minimally invasive surgery with p","qid":6,"docid":"vc4ow28n","rank":86,"score":7.621200084686279},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for colorectal surgery, requiring considerations for patient and caregiver safety, OR utilization, and techniques. Additional PPE may be necessary based on local testing availability and community infection rates. Negative-pressure ORs are recommended for aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and hospital spaces have been successfully converted to negative-pressure environments. Debate surrounds the use of minimally invasive surgery with p","qid":6,"docid":"ydtgid63","rank":87,"score":7.621199131011963},{"content":"The United States has struggled to develop and implement reliable coronavirus diagnostic tests, with the CDC encountering issues in rolling out a test kit and limiting the number of tests performed. In contrast, countries like China and South Korea have made significant progress in testing large numbers of people. The CDC's initial refusal to test a patient in Northern California, who was the first probable COVID-19 case without known links to an infected person, added to the infamous delay in testing in the","qid":6,"docid":"lxjhz079","rank":88,"score":7.62060022354126},{"content":"A survey of 1,048 people in five major cities in China revealed an 80% reduction in out-of-home activities during the peak period of the COVID-19 outbreak. These activities, including working, eating, shopping, using public transportation, and traveling, have gradually increased but remain below pre-outbreak levels. The significant behavior changes have contributed to China's rapid control of virus transmission. Countries reopening their economies should carefully design testing and","qid":6,"docid":"xrglwbgn","rank":89,"score":7.619500160217285},{"content":"A study compared the performance of four rapid antigen detection tests for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples using universal transport medium and RT-PCR as a reference. The Liming bio assay was discontinued due to insufficient performance. The sensitivity of RapiGEN, Savant, and Bioeasy tests were 62.0% (CI95% 51.0\u201371.9), 100% (1","qid":6,"docid":"3taykdr1","rank":90,"score":7.587299823760986},{"content":"A new web system, Heg.IA, is proposed to optimize Covid-19 diagnosis using artificial intelligence. Healthcare professionals input 41 hematological parameters from blood tests, and the system provides a diagnostic report indicating infection status and hospitalization level. The system, based on a Random Forest architecture with 90 trees, achieved high efficiency with an average accuracy of 92.89%, sensitivity of 0.936, and specificity of 0.","qid":6,"docid":"wdithqgh","rank":91,"score":7.585299968719482},{"content":"The article discusses the slow-paced nature of public management reforms in Germany, focusing on recent developments and the challenges of implementing more ambitious reforms, particularly in digitalization. The piece raises questions about when incremental reforms lead to significant change and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on these efforts.","qid":6,"docid":"k93q3i3i","rank":92,"score":7.56820011138916},{"content":"The passage discusses the unprecedented psychological effects of the confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic, beyond what has been documented in literature on polar expeditions, submarines, and prison. The consequences of confinement include anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicidal or addictive behaviors, domestic violence, and hallucinations. The mechanisms of emergence of these disorders and their interrelationships need further study. The passage also mentions the importance","qid":6,"docid":"vudufbi0","rank":93,"score":7.562900066375732},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the performance of the LightMix\u00ae Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene kit, a commercial assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection, compared to in-house developed COVID-19 RT-PCR assays. The analytical sensitivity was assessed using serial dilutions of SARS-CoV-2 culture isolate extracts, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using 289 clinical specim","qid":6,"docid":"rizomg5m","rank":94,"score":7.55620002746582},{"content":"A cluster of patients with a mysterious respiratory illness in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, was identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel Betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and fomites and presents with symptoms including fever, fatigue,","qid":6,"docid":"o1yfuwoy","rank":95,"score":7.543799877166748},{"content":"A study was conducted at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria from June 17-25, 2020, using serological tests to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among 66 staff and patients. Of the 66 samples, 5 (7.6%) were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies, and 17 (26%) were positive for IgG","qid":6,"docid":"3s6ytfkk","rank":96,"score":7.535900115966797},{"content":"The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced new policies to expand coronavirus testing by allowing certified high-complexity laboratories to develop and use their own diagnostic kits, addressing criticism for insufficient testing capacity. This change could significantly increase the number of laboratories able to conduct tests, including hospitals like Brigham and Women's in Boston. The shift focuses on laboratories certified under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments.","qid":6,"docid":"jsbdmnx5","rank":97,"score":7.534800052642822},{"content":"A mathematical model was developed in this paper to understand the growth of COVID-19 spread in humans after a month (30 days) of lockdown in India. The model, based on realistic facts and statistics, aims to minimize the virus's spread and the length of the lockdown. The relationship between long-term recovery and infected coefficients was established, and it was found that growth can be minimized under certain conditions. The effectiveness of different medicines for various age groups was also discussed","qid":6,"docid":"bj12pp9d","rank":98,"score":7.51230001449585},{"content":"A study evaluates the efficacy of various mask types, including homemade and alternative masks, in reducing the transmission of respiratory droplets during speech using a low-cost optical measurement method. Some mask types perform similarly to standard surgical masks, while others, like neck fleece or bandanas, offer minimal protection. The setup is inexpensive and can be easily built and operated by non-experts for quick mask performance assessments during speech, sneezing,","qid":6,"docid":"oyxxji7r","rank":99,"score":7.50600004196167},{"content":"A rapid test kit for detecting SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) was developed using 'need-driven' product design principles. The kit is intended for field use and eventually home use, and must provide quick results with minimal equipment and expertise. An antigen test based on RT-LAMP with colorimetric readout was selected, allowing for direct use of swab samples without RNA extraction. After extensive experimentation, a fabricated test kit","qid":6,"docid":"52pw2vwx","rank":100,"score":7.475800037384033}]}
{"query":"are there serological tests that detect antibodies to coronavirus?","hits":[{"content":"A new ELISA test was developed using recombinant partial nucleocapsid proteins of the ferret coronavirus (FRCoV) to detect antibodies to the virus. The test identified two different reactivity patterns in serum samples, with some recognizing both the N protein regions a.a. 1\u2013179 and a.a. 180\u2013374, while others only recognized the former. The test was carried out on","qid":7,"docid":"3g75spkc","rank":1,"score":10.271200180053711},{"content":"A narrative review discusses the importance of accurate serologic tests for detecting host antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These tests have various uses, such as complementing molecular methods for active disease diagnosis, estimating immunity, and aiding in transmission dynamics characterization. However, most assays lack external validation, hindering their implementation and interpretation. Critical knowledge gaps exist regarding serologic correlates of protection","qid":7,"docid":"01mo6yo9","rank":2,"score":10.224900245666504},{"content":"A narrative review discusses the importance of accurate serologic tests for detecting host antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These tests have various uses, such as complementing molecular methods for active disease diagnosis, estimating immunity, and aiding in transmission dynamics characterization. However, most assays lack external validation, hindering their implementation and interpretation. Critical knowledge gaps exist regarding serologic correlates of protection","qid":7,"docid":"ofd2ipvs","rank":3,"score":10.224899291992188},{"content":"A review of 226 serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigen and antibodies was conducted, with most being indirect tests using immunochromatography methods and blood-derived samples. The majority of these tests detect IgM and IgG antibodies simultaneously and have a procedure time under 20 minutes. The average sensitivity was 91.8% and specificity was 97%. Most tests are currently in vit","qid":7,"docid":"qjma4rsp","rank":4,"score":9.97439956665039},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of in vitro diagnostics, specifically real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCR) and serological tests, in detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. rRT-PCR is the primary method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 but has limitations such as false-negatives, long turnaround times, complex protocols, and a need","qid":7,"docid":"923jpec0","rank":5,"score":9.97350025177002},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of laboratory-based diagnostic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCR) are the primary method, targeting various genes, but have limitations such as false-negatives, long turnaround times, complex protocols, and requiring skilled personnel. Serological tests, which detect antibodies, are simpler and suitable for","qid":7,"docid":"r1yf75bo","rank":6,"score":9.973499298095703},{"content":"Three immunochromatography test kits for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were compared using 99 serum samples from COVID-19 patients. In the early stage of the disease (0-6 days after onset), IgM antibody-positive rates were 19.0%, 23.8%, and 19.0% for each kit, respectively. Over the entire period, IgM antib","qid":7,"docid":"fn9t38as","rank":7,"score":9.910799980163574},{"content":"A literature review examined 32 peer-reviewed papers and 23 preprints on serologic methods for detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Studies used lateral flow immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, and neutralizing antibody assays. All major antigens had diagnostic value, with assays measuring total antibody reactivity having","qid":7,"docid":"77rcr30x","rank":8,"score":9.847999572753906},{"content":"The study examined the serological response to SARS coronavirus (CoV) infection in 20 patients using neutralization tests and immunofluorescent (IF) tests. SARS CoV total immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM) was the first detectable antibody, but IgM titers dropped significantly from 282 at 1 month to 19 at 7 months. Ne","qid":7,"docid":"q41plzqq","rank":9,"score":9.833600044250488},{"content":"A study was conducted to detect infectious pathogens in captive Brazilian neotropic and exotic felids using serological and molecular methods. One hundred and fifty-nine neotropic felids and 51 exotic felids were tested. Antibodies against Feline parvovirus, Feline coronavirus, Feline calicivirus, Bartonella spp., Felid herpesvirus 1, hemotropic mycoplasmas, E","qid":7,"docid":"ad7pu0u7","rank":10,"score":9.798199653625488},{"content":"A study of 238 hospital patients with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection found that the rate of antibody detection (IgM and IgG) was significantly higher than viral RNA detection using real-time RT-PCR. Antibody positivity rates were low in the first five days and increased as the disease progressed, while viral RNA positivity kept high in the first 11 days and decreased thereafter.","qid":7,"docid":"qgvue8yw","rank":11,"score":9.708600044250488},{"content":"A serologic survey of 618 cat sera collected in Oklahoma between 1987 and 1988 revealed that 10% tested positive for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus, 35% for coronavirus antibodies, 22% for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, and 15% for feline leukemia virus antigen. Thirty-two percent of the","qid":7,"docid":"tmoc5289","rank":12,"score":9.682299613952637},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic and there is a need for validated serologic assays for contact tracing, identifying the viral reservoir, and epidemiologic studies. The authors developed and validated assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing, spike protein-specific, and nucleocapsid-specific antibodies using serum samples from confirmed cases, other coronaviruses","qid":7,"docid":"83odb66l","rank":13,"score":9.675299644470215},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic and there is a need for validated serologic assays for contact tracing, identifying the viral reservoir, and epidemiologic studies. The authors developed and validated assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing, spike protein, and nucleocapsid-specific antibodies using serum samples from confirmed cases, other coronaviruses, and","qid":7,"docid":"mryazbnq","rank":14,"score":9.675298690795898},{"content":"The passage discusses a method for estimating the seroprevalence of past SARS-CoV-2 infections using serological tests without defining cutoff levels. This approach, called likelihood-based inference or mixture models, directly integrates quantitative test measures into statistical inference, resulting in less variation in seroprevalence estimates and its temporal trend compared to methods using cutoffs and post-hoc corrections. The study also provides guidance on optimizing seros","qid":7,"docid":"rko7qdqk","rank":15,"score":9.626700401306152},{"content":"A new porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was identified in the US in 2014, linked with clinical disease including diarrhea and vomiting. Few diagnostic reagents were available, so the objective was to develop and validate diagnostic reagents and assays for PDCoV antigen and antibody detection. The nucleoprotein of PDCoV was used to produce polyclonal and monoclonal","qid":7,"docid":"xnqkqgvy","rank":16,"score":9.57859992980957},{"content":"Serologic studies are essential for understanding the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. While past serologic studies have provided valuable insights, the unique challenges of the current situation necessitate adaptations. Detection of antibodies to determine exposure and immunity is not straightforward due to challenges in sample collection, test accuracy, and sampling biases. Successful implementation of serologic studies depends on the type and performance of serologic tests, the population studied, appropriate study designs, and","qid":7,"docid":"91pb9nq3","rank":17,"score":9.56820011138916},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of serologic studies in understanding the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges in conducting such studies, including sample collection, test accuracy, and sampling biases. Successful serologic studies depend on the type and performance of serologic tests, the population studied, appropriate study designs, and data analysis methods. The passage highlights the questions that serologic studies can answer regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission and immunity, reviews","qid":7,"docid":"rgls0xgn","rank":18,"score":9.568199157714844},{"content":"This study aimed to develop and validate multiple improved serological assays for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), including an indirect ELISA (iELISA), a blocking ELISA (bELISA), fluorescent microsphere immunoassays (FMIA), and a fluorescent focus neutralization assay (FFN). The iELISA, bELISA, and FMIA were valid","qid":7,"docid":"6alsigxk","rank":19,"score":9.4822998046875},{"content":"The FDA has granted emergency use authorization for 48 molecular and 21 serological COVID-19 diagnostic tests due to nationwide shortages. Molecular tests detect active infections through nucleic acid sequences, while serological tests identify antibodies indicating recent exposure. The article discusses approved tests and ongoing research for new SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods.","qid":7,"docid":"8hrjgcas","rank":20,"score":9.469200134277344},{"content":"The FDA has granted emergency use authorization for 48 molecular and 21 serological COVID-19 diagnostic tests due to nationwide shortages. Molecular tests detect active infections through nucleic acid sequences, while serological tests identify antibodies indicating recent exposure. The article discusses approved tests and ongoing research for new SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods.","qid":7,"docid":"q2b4ig1h","rank":21,"score":9.469199180603027},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of serological assays in identifying and containing emerging coronaviruses, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV. During the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) epidemic, various serological diagnostic assays were developed using different antigens, but cross-reactive antibodies to common cold-associated CoVs were reported. The review summarizes the performance of different serological","qid":7,"docid":"nna0s5mf","rank":22,"score":9.467599868774414},{"content":"A competitive ELISA (cELISA) was developed to detect turkey coronavirus (TCV) antibodies using a recombinant TCV nucleocapsid (N) protein and biotin-labeled monoclonal antibody. The cELISA's sensitivity and specificity were compared to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with 1269 sera. Concordance between the two tests was high,","qid":7,"docid":"wlqk3hht","rank":23,"score":9.458800315856934},{"content":"Three immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) were developed to detect feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies using recombinant FCoV nucleocapsid protein (rNP). Two ICA kits (CJIgG\/TNP and CJNP\/TNP) showed non-specific positive reactions with anti-FCoV antibody-negative samples when rNP was used as the test line. However, the ICA","qid":7,"docid":"k6wkpmpn","rank":24,"score":9.450900077819824},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 and raises concerns about the absence of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight for serologic assays, leading to variable test performance and unclear results. The article summarizes the differences among serologic assays, including their format, antibody class detected, targeted antigen, and acceptable specimen types. It also highlights the need for a better understanding of how to use these tests","qid":7,"docid":"ile2md92","rank":25,"score":9.439599990844727},{"content":"The passage summarizes a review of various tests for detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The review covers nucleic acid tests, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and antibody\/serology tests. PCR testing is considered the \"gold standard\" for acute diagnosis due to its ability to detect viral RNA. Antibody tests can diagn","qid":7,"docid":"uxeaaski","rank":26,"score":9.410300254821777},{"content":"The passage compares the ability of three serologic assays - virus neutralization tests, indirect immunofluorescence tests, and ELISA - to distinguish specific virus exposure in cats to feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) or feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Sera from specific-pathogen-free cats inoculated with virulent or modified FIPV or FECV were used. The FIPV and","qid":7,"docid":"8g5s381b","rank":27,"score":9.396400451660156},{"content":"A microarray was developed for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against Puumala hantavirus and IgG antibodies for HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV. The protocol was optimized using PUUV recombinant nucleocapsid protein. Results for PUUV were consistent with immunofluorescent assay and IgM EIA. The microarray showed good specificity","qid":7,"docid":"5iwpm4c6","rank":28,"score":9.373700141906738},{"content":"A study evaluated the performance of four immunochromatographic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 22 patients confirmed positive by RT-PCR. The tests showed heterogeneous antibody detection times, with median detection between 8-10 days post-symptom onset. Sensitivity ranged from 60-80% on day 10 and 100% on day 15. One","qid":7,"docid":"wf5cozst","rank":29,"score":9.365400314331055},{"content":"Thirty-three cheetahs in the USA were tested for feline coronavirus infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood, fecal samples, and effusive fluid, and indirect immunofluorescence for serum antibodies. Ten cheetahs tested positive for viral shedding via PCR, while 13 were seropositive. Results from serology did not always correspond with viral shedding, and","qid":7,"docid":"j083hy74","rank":30,"score":9.34589958190918},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, responsible for COVID-19, can be diagnosed through virus RNA detection or serological methods identifying specific antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgA) or viral antigen. Several rapid immunochromatographic, chemiluminescent, and ELISA tests exist, but there is no WHO or ECDC recommendation or reliable research on their usefulness in diagnosing SAR","qid":7,"docid":"82iy2prw","rank":31,"score":9.343799591064453},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, responsible for COVID-19, can be diagnosed through virus RNA detection or serological methods identifying specific antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgA) or viral antigen. Several rapid immunochromatographic, chemiluminescent, and ELISA tests exist, but there is no WHO or ECDC recommendation or reliable research on their usefulness in diagnosing SAR","qid":7,"docid":"84yjdlab","rank":32,"score":9.343798637390137},{"content":"An outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) at a Jordanian hospital in April 2012 resulted in 9 confirmed cases, including 2 fatalities. Serologic tests identified 7 previously unconfirmed cases among hospital staff and contacts. The attack rate among hospital personnel was 10%. No transmission occurred at transfer hospitals with good infection control practices. Most cases had no major underlying medical conditions, and the observed case-f","qid":7,"docid":"xf2ukinp","rank":33,"score":9.34379768371582},{"content":"An immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed to detect feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies using a colloidal gold-labeled recombinant FCoV nucleocapsid protein as a conjugate. The test line and control line were coated with Protein A and affinity-purified cat anti-FCoV IgG, respectively. The ICA successfully detected anti-FCoV antibodies","qid":7,"docid":"wfy5kz63","rank":34,"score":9.309700012207031},{"content":"A study evaluated the performance of four immunochromatographic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 22 patients confirmed positive by RT-PCR. The tests showed sensitivity ranging from 60-80% on day 10 and 100% on day 15. Antibody detection times varied greatly, with a median of 8-10 days post-symptom onset. One cross-","qid":7,"docid":"m9yv4qkm","rank":35,"score":9.299400329589844},{"content":"This study used an antigen capture ELISA with monoclonal antibodies against the N protein of SARS-CoV to test 829 serum specimens from 643 patients suspected of having SARS-CoV infection. The results showed that N protein was most commonly detected in sera collected within the first 10 days after symptom onset, with a 100% detection rate in 24 sera from patients confirmed","qid":7,"docid":"8e8h7bo3","rank":36,"score":9.286199569702148},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop and evaluate serological assays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in large-scale sero-epidemiological studies. An ELISA was developed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The ELISA was found to be reliably positive after ","qid":7,"docid":"ypj3lcpv","rank":37,"score":9.283599853515625},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop and evaluate serological assays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in large-scale sero-epidemiological studies. An ELISA was developed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The ELISA was found to be reliably positive after ","qid":7,"docid":"8m4tc16n","rank":38,"score":9.275799751281738},{"content":"A new study developed serological assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing, spike, and nucleocapsid-specific antibodies in patients with PCR-confirmed infections. The assays were validated using serum samples and demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for most infected individuals. Commercial S1 IgG or IgA ELISAs showed lower specificity and varying sensitivity. These validated assays are crucial for contact tracing,","qid":7,"docid":"9595vm0k","rank":39,"score":9.270700454711914},{"content":"A study evaluated the diagnostic value of a serological assay for SARS-CoV-2 using ELISA to test 238 hospitalized patients' serums between February 6-14, 2020. The antibody positive rate was significantly higher (81.5%) than the viral RNA positive rate (64.3%). Antibody positivity was low in the first five days and increased rapidly thereafter. Viral","qid":7,"docid":"9uj8s19h","rank":40,"score":9.26729965209961},{"content":"A study was conducted at the first affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University to examine the serology characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the complementary value of antibody tests compared to RNA tests. The study involved collecting serial sera from COVID-19 patients and detecting total antibody (Ab), IgM, and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The seroconversion rates for Ab, IgM","qid":7,"docid":"ndpuezpo","rank":41,"score":9.258299827575684},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop and characterize novel monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike protein for use in a competitive ELISA (cELISA) assay. The cELISA was able to detect MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in rat and rabbit sera, as well as in Ethiopian dromedary camel sera with high","qid":7,"docid":"xwipcngf","rank":42,"score":9.253999710083008},{"content":"This study compared the results of indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting anti-Leishmania antibodies in clinically normal and sick cats, using PCR as the gold standard. The results showed disagreement between the serological tests and PCR, with low diagnostic sensitivity for all tests. However, ELISA and IFAT had 10","qid":7,"docid":"5jtzt8um","rank":43,"score":9.244400024414062},{"content":"Researchers identified a 195-amino-acid fragment (N195) from the C terminus of the SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein that strongly reacts with antibodies against SARS coronavirus without cross-reacting with antibodies against chicken, pig, and canine coronaviruses. They developed a Western blot assay using the N195 protein to detect antibodies against SARS coronavirus","qid":7,"docid":"6se4faio","rank":44,"score":9.244199752807617},{"content":"A serological survey for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was conducted among dromedary camels and herbivorous animals in Ethiopia using a BSL-2 laboratory. The results from the virus neutralization (VN) test using pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus coated with MERS-CoV spike protein were similar to those obtained from live MERS-CoV and more sensitive than ELIS","qid":7,"docid":"vijh6x1l","rank":45,"score":9.231300354003906},{"content":"A study of 80 patients with confirmed COVID-19 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University in China found that total antibodies (Ab), IgM, and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 had seroconversion rates of 98.8%, 93.8%, and 93.8%, respectively. The first detectable markers were Ab at a median of 15 days post exposure or","qid":7,"docid":"hnbxfbeo","rank":46,"score":9.219099998474121},{"content":"The study collected serial sera from 80 patients with confirmed COVID-19 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China. The seroconversion rates for total antibody (Ab), IgM, and IgG were 98.8%, 93.8%, and 93.8%, respectively. The first detectable serology marker was Ab, followed by IgM and IgG, with median seroconversion times","qid":7,"docid":"j5ag12zr","rank":47,"score":9.219099044799805},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) antibody titres and age, breed, gender, and health status of Australian cats. The study analyzed data from 828 Coronase and 191 7B FIP antibody tests over a 2-year period. Significant differences in median Coronase antibody titres were found between breeds, with Siamese, Persians,","qid":7,"docid":"eceg95dq","rank":48,"score":9.213299751281738},{"content":"A study was conducted in southern Italy to determine the seroprevalence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies in cats using three different techniques: virus neutralization (VN), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 120 sera tested, 96 were positive for FCoV antibodies by VN and ELISA.","qid":7,"docid":"xrjuma7x","rank":49,"score":9.198699951171875},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the use of genetic detection methods, specifically reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (RT\/nPCR), for detecting feline coronavirus (FCoV) infections in captive Felidae in the USA. Seventy-five biologic samples from 11 institutions were tested, revealing that 24 animals were positive using RT\/nPCR for virus, while 29 animals were seropositive to type","qid":7,"docid":"xr7f1dip","rank":50,"score":9.175000190734863},{"content":"A study of 160 hospital staff with mild forms of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in eastern France was conducted to investigate their serologic response. Three assays (LuLISA N, rapid immunodiagnostic test, and S-Flow assay) and a pseudovirus-based assay were used to detect antibodies and neutralizing activity. The LuLISA N assay detected antibodies in 80.6%","qid":7,"docid":"lxkddu7u","rank":51,"score":9.15429973602295},{"content":"A Japanese farm in Tochigi prefecture showed high incidence of porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) antibodies despite no past record of PRCV vaccination or infection. Conventional tests failed to distinguish between PRCV and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Virological and serological examinations over four years confirmed PRCV presence, with isolates forming a separate cluster in phylogenetic analysis.","qid":7,"docid":"scoyi0r3","rank":52,"score":9.143799781799316},{"content":"The passage discusses a study evaluating the use of serological testing (IgM-IgG antibody detection) in addition to nucleic acid testing (RT-PCR) for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections. The study involved 133 COVID-19 patients admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China, between January 23 and March 1, 2020. The results showed that both tests had","qid":7,"docid":"t55hw2rc","rank":53,"score":9.128999710083008},{"content":"Two BCV strains from diarrheic calf feces were compared with three other BCV strains and a human coronavirus (HCV) strain using immunofluorescence (IF), haemagglutination inhibition (HAI), and neutralization (NT) tests. No differences were detected by IF. HCV was distinguishable from BCV strains in HAI and NT tests. Monoclonal antibodies against one BCV strain","qid":7,"docid":"7d5q0g0s","rank":54,"score":9.109000205993652},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic requires advanced testing technology for disease detection and capacity expansion. This review covers technological advances in SARS-CoV-2 testing, including molecular and serological methods, and their advantages and limitations. Nucleic acid amplification is the gold standard for molecular diagnostics, but alternative techniques are being developed. Serology tests for antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 require proper validation. To control the pandemic, rapid and widespread testing is necessary","qid":7,"docid":"5mf1r24m","rank":55,"score":9.107099533081055},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic requires advanced testing technology for disease detection and capacity expansion. This review covers technological advances in SARS-CoV-2 testing, focusing on molecular and serological methods. Nucleic acid amplification is the gold standard for molecular diagnostics, but alternative techniques are being developed. Serology tests for antibody response are in development but require proper validation. To control the pandemic, rapid and widespread testing is necessary, which can be achieved through improvements in clinical di","qid":7,"docid":"afcd4wc9","rank":56,"score":9.107098579406738},{"content":"A new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed to detect antibodies to coronavirus OC43 in serum samples. The assay, which uses antigen prepared by polyethylene glycol precipitation, showed good results without a postcoat procedure. The EIA was found to be specific and sensitive, as shown by its ability to detect antibody rises in 89% of paired samples with confirmed HAI antibody increases","qid":7,"docid":"gzf2b2y0","rank":57,"score":9.09850025177002},{"content":"A competitive ELISA test was used to detect non-neutralizing antibodies to TGEV in porcine sera, differentiating it from PRCV. The test had a 100% specificity and 94.9% sensitivity compared to the virus neutralization test. The prevalence of TGEV in Great Britain was low, with only 0.6% of sows being seropositive in 1990. A","qid":7,"docid":"2n2toniv","rank":58,"score":9.092499732971191},{"content":"This study evaluated the performance of nine SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, including six point-of-care (POC) and three ELISA assays, in detecting antibodies in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection through RNA testing. The tests were able to detect antibodies in over 80% of samples collected 15 days or more after symptom onset, but none reached 100% detection.","qid":7,"docid":"czxm7so2","rank":59,"score":9.061699867248535},{"content":"This study evaluated the performance of nine SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, including six point-of-care (POC) and three ELISA assays, in detecting antibodies in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection through RNA testing. The tests were able to detect antibodies in over 80% of samples collected 15 days or more after symptom onset, with the highest detection rates using iSIA,","qid":7,"docid":"pvo61ay8","rank":60,"score":9.061698913574219},{"content":"A serological survey was conducted on 62 giant panda serum samples using a virus neutralization test to detect specific antibodies against canine coronavirus (CCV). Eight samples tested positive, resulting in a positive rate of 12.9%. Neutralizing antibody titers ranged from 1:8 to 1:32. This study, the first comprehensive investigation on CCV neutralization antibodies in giant pandas in China, revealed that","qid":7,"docid":"613j97y9","rank":61,"score":9.020899772644043},{"content":"A study was conducted to detect Feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection in 342 animals from wild populations in South Africa and Namibia between 1999 and 2001. Of these, 195 animals had evidence of infection, with 41 of these being from wild populations. Serology and RT\/nPCR were used to test for infection. While serology did not always correlate with viral RNA detection, ser","qid":7,"docid":"e2kfxi82","rank":62,"score":9.0201997756958},{"content":"The passage discusses the diagnostic performance of nine rapid serology assays for COVID-19. These tests, which detect antibodies or antigens using colloidal gold-labeled immunochromatography, offer total antibody detection or combination IgM and IgG detection. Sensitivity ranges from 72.7% to 100% for IgM and IgG tests, and specificity ranges from 98.7","qid":7,"docid":"b7a2w4v9","rank":63,"score":8.995699882507324},{"content":"The passage discusses the diagnostic performance of rapid serology assays for COVID-19. Nine RDT kits were reviewed, which offer total antibody detection or combination IgM and IgG detection. All kits use the colloidal gold-labeled immunochromatography principle and provide results within 15 minutes using whole blood, serum, or plasma samples. Sensitivity ranges from 72.7% to 100%","qid":7,"docid":"ij4ibrrx","rank":64,"score":8.995698928833008},{"content":"Researchers identified disease-specific B cell epitopes for SARS by panning phage-displayed random peptide libraries on serum immunoglobulin G antibodies from SARS patients. Forty-nine immunopositive phage clones were selected, which had consensus motifs corresponding to reported sequences of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARSCoV). Synthetic peptide binding and competitive-in","qid":7,"docid":"nqt9lhcc","rank":65,"score":8.952099800109863},{"content":"A serological survey was conducted to estimate the frequency of canine coronavirus (CCV) antibodies in the Australian dog population and evaluate its role in causing gastroenteritis. An indirect ELISA was developed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to CCV in serum samples from diarrheal and non-diarrheal dogs. The results showed that 15.8% of dogs in open populations and 40.8%","qid":7,"docid":"0qw0t78s","rank":66,"score":8.939399719238281},{"content":"Pigs were inoculated with Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) or Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV) to compare antibody responses using monoclonal antibodies (MAB) against antigenic sites A and X on the S glycoprotein. Antibodies against both viruses were detected as early as one week post-inoculation using MAB 57.16,","qid":7,"docid":"gp7jrluz","rank":67,"score":8.934700012207031},{"content":"A new ELISA method was developed using CCV-infected CRFK cells as antigens to detect anti-coronavirus antibodies in cats. Subtracting optical density values from mock-infected cells ensured specificity. The ELISA was found to be as effective as indirect immunofluorescence assay for detecting coronavirus antibodies in cats based on experimental CCV infections and spontaneous FIP cases.","qid":7,"docid":"uyqqalyv","rank":68,"score":8.932299613952637},{"content":"A new ELISA test was developed using the nucleoprotein (N) from human metapneumovirus (hMPV) for serological testing. The test was able to distinguish hMPV-negative sera and determine the cutoff value. The test revealed higher antibody titers in children than adults. In a prospective study, 81.6% of adults with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had prior hMP","qid":7,"docid":"gt4glete","rank":69,"score":8.916099548339844},{"content":"A recent study revealed that Bactrian camels in Dubai, where dromedaries are also present, have a high prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) antibodies, with 48% and 41% positive results in S-ELISA and neutralization antibody tests, respectively. Hybrid camels in Dubai also showed a high prevalence of MERS-CoV antibod","qid":7,"docid":"i26lgvbz","rank":70,"score":8.912199974060059},{"content":"A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of four serologic tests (neutralization test, ELISA, IFA, and ICT) in detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV in sera of probable SARS case-patients, comparing the results with RT-PCR. The neutralization test was used as a reference method. Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were as follows: EL","qid":7,"docid":"zo9uzk52","rank":71,"score":8.907600402832031},{"content":"This study aimed to evaluate the performance of four point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays (ALLTEST, Dynamiker, ASK, and Wondfo) in detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients. The tests were 100% sensitive and specific in detecting antibodies after 3 weeks of symptom onset, with no significant difference between the tests in terms of detection of I","qid":7,"docid":"gplcop2k","rank":72,"score":8.906200408935547},{"content":"The indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique was used to detect antibodies to parainfluenza 3, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine adenovirus 3 in fetal thoracic fluids. IFA results agreed with hemagglutination inhibition and serum neutralization for the first three vir","qid":7,"docid":"cc7htcc8","rank":73,"score":8.88379955291748},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of virus laboratory diagnostics in patient care, highlighting the use of serological and molecular approaches for investigating viral infections. Serological assays involve detecting specific antibodies in serum specimens, while molecular approaches, such as PCR, detect the presence of viral genomes. Virus isolation and antigen detection assays are also mentioned. Immunoassays and point-of-care tests are commonly used for serological","qid":7,"docid":"2u16otbf","rank":74,"score":8.876700401306152},{"content":"The receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2's spike protein is a promising antigen for detecting COVID-19-specific antibodies due to its poor conservation between SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. By day 9 after symptom onset, the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen was highly sensitive and specific for antibodies induced by S","qid":7,"docid":"4cqjqwk9","rank":75,"score":8.875},{"content":"Researchers conducted tests on horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman using RT-PCR on nasal and rectal swabs and serological testing for antibodies to detect coronavirus infections. They found evidence of equine coronavirus (ECoV) and HKU23 coronavirus infections, but no conclusive evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Serological data indicated that lineage A betacoronaviruses are commonly infecting horses","qid":7,"docid":"qoukiqr7","rank":76,"score":8.8725004196167},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combining serological total antibody tests with RT-PCR for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections. The study involved 375 patients from January 25 to March 16, 2020, who were divided into a COVID-19 group and a control group. Both serum samples and throat swabs were collected for total antibody testing and RT-PCR analysis,","qid":7,"docid":"m2otfdjw","rank":77,"score":8.870699882507324},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combining serological total antibody tests with RT-PCR for detecting SARS-COV-2 infections. The study involved 375 patients from January 25 to March 16, 2020, who were divided into a COVID-19 group and a control group. Both serum samples and throat swabs were collected for total antibody testing and RT-PCR analysis,","qid":7,"docid":"xy6pj7bt","rank":78,"score":8.870698928833008},{"content":"A study evaluated the performance of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays: Abbott COVID-IgG, STANDARD Q (SQ) IgM\/IgG Duo, and Wondfo Total Antibody Test. The validation included samples from 71 COVID-19 patients and negative controls, including potential interferences. IgM antibodies were detected as early as days 3-4 post-symptom on","qid":7,"docid":"maa43hpn","rank":79,"score":8.847999572753906},{"content":"A study was conducted to evaluate the cross-reactivity and cross-neutralization between the U.S. PEDV prototype and S-INDEL-variant strains. The researchers isolated the S-INDEL-variant strain in cell culture and generated antisera against both strains by infecting weaned pigs. The results showed that the antisera against both strains could react to and neutralize both prototype and S-INDEL-variant viruses","qid":7,"docid":"svd6ls12","rank":80,"score":8.840900421142578},{"content":"A seroprevalence study was conducted in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, the only prefecture with no COVID-19 cases as of June 8, 2020. Healthcare workers (n = 1,000) from Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using three methods: two laboratory-based quantitative tests (Abbott and Roche) and","qid":7,"docid":"bj8wn9dh","rank":81,"score":8.837499618530273},{"content":"A study was conducted in Japan from 2011 to 2014 to detect canine coronavirus (CCoV) in dogs using rectal swabs. RT-PCR identified CCoV in 96.3% of the samples, with CCoV-I being the most common type (88.9%). A correlation was found between CCoV infection and diarrhea symptoms (P<0.005). A ret","qid":7,"docid":"2kg967bh","rank":82,"score":8.827799797058105},{"content":"A new ELISA-based antibody detection test for SARS has been developed using a cocktail of four recombinant polypeptides as the antigen. Two of these polypeptides were part of the spike glycoprotein and the other two almost the whole nucleocapsid protein. The cocktail yielded specific polyclonal antibodies that recognized SARS-CoV-infected cells and was used to create an I","qid":7,"docid":"pt3k01vx","rank":83,"score":8.822500228881836},{"content":"This study investigated the diagnostic value and dynamic variance of serum antibodies in COVID-19 using a retrospective analysis of 76 patients. The sensitivities of IgM and IgG antibodies were 48.1% and 88.9%, and their specificities were 100% and 90.9%, respectively. In the COVID-19 group, the IgM-positive rate increased initially and","qid":7,"docid":"5ig5upot","rank":84,"score":8.81029987335205},{"content":"This study investigated the diagnostic value and dynamic variance of serum antibodies in COVID-19 using a retrospective analysis of 76 patients. The sensitivities of IgM and IgG antibodies were 48.1% and 88.9%, and their specificities were 100% and 90.9%, respectively. In the COVID-19 group, the IgM-positive rate increased initially and","qid":7,"docid":"ir3k848j","rank":85,"score":8.810298919677734},{"content":"A serologic assay for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was developed using CHO cell expressed full length SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein as capturing antigen. The COVID-19\/SARS-CoV-2 S1 serology ELISA kit had a specificity of 97.5% and a sensitivity of 97.1%, with an overall accuracy rate of 97.3%. The","qid":7,"docid":"juooj31c","rank":86,"score":8.80459976196289},{"content":"A serologic assay for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was developed using CHO cell expressed full length SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein as capturing antigen. The COVID-19\/SARS-CoV-2 S1 serology ELISA kit had a specificity of 97.5% and a sensitivity of 97.1%, with an overall accuracy rate of 97.3%. The","qid":7,"docid":"o2vl31aq","rank":87,"score":8.804598808288574},{"content":"A serological study was conducted in Switzerland to determine the prevalence and disease association of feline coronavirus (FCoV) serotypes 1 and 2 using immunofluorescence tests with TGEV, FCoV type 1, and FCoV type 2 as antigens. Of the 639 serum samples tested, FCoV type 1 was the most prevalent (83%) and induced higher antibody titers","qid":7,"docid":"rx81w320","rank":88,"score":8.798500061035156},{"content":"A study was conducted to explore the use of long synthetic peptides, or \"megapeptides,\" as antigens in microarrays for serology testing. Traditional serology methods use peptides with up to 30 amino acids to cover linear epitopes. However, the study found that megapeptides of 100 amino acids or longer, designed and synthesized for optimal serological performance, can successfully be used as","qid":7,"docid":"i6jhquze","rank":89,"score":8.79580020904541},{"content":"A study was conducted in two community clinics in Tokyo using a point-of-care test to detect SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in peripheral blood. Out of 202 samples, 5.9% (3.1-10.1%) tested positive for the antibody. The positivity rate was higher among healthcare workers (9.1%, 3.0-20.0%). However, the test","qid":7,"docid":"vchnxw27","rank":90,"score":8.785300254821777},{"content":"A study of 173 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection found that the seroconversion rates for total antibodies, IgM, and IgG were 93.1%, 82.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. The median times for seroconversion were day-11 for total antibodies, day-12 for IgM, and day-14 for IgG. Antib","qid":7,"docid":"2yjuf053","rank":91,"score":8.779199600219727},{"content":"A microscopy-based assay has been developed for the semi-quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human sera. This assay, which can detect IgG, IgA, and IgM classes of antibodies, offers improved sensitivity and specificity compared to an ELISA-based diagnostic test. The ability to detect antibodies against the entire viral proteome and the use of a robust semi-autom","qid":7,"docid":"scd3f8vk","rank":92,"score":8.760100364685059},{"content":"The study aimed to validate the use of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Eighty-seven matched DBS and serum samples from 80 individuals, including 31 PCR-positive cases, were analyzed using ELISA. The results showed a significant correlation between antibody levels in serum and DBS eluates (r = 0.96, p<0.","qid":7,"docid":"imxby1b1","rank":93,"score":8.758899688720703},{"content":"The passage describes a study that demonstrated an antigenic relationship between human coronavirus OC 43 and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) of swine using serologic testing. Antibodies to OC 43 were found to react with HEV antigens in human and animal sera. Children and adults with OC 43 infections had diagnostic rises in antibody titers to HEV, while those","qid":7,"docid":"tc402gn4","rank":94,"score":8.757399559020996},{"content":"A comparison of various COVID-19 antibody tests, or serological assays, is presented to guide decisions on their use for population screening or diagnostics. The tests show varying performance and correlation with neutralizing antibodies. The Wantai ELISA, which detects total immunoglobulins against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain, stands out for its ability to detect functional antibodies in different disease stages and severity, and","qid":7,"docid":"cv2dg9tg","rank":95,"score":8.749099731445312},{"content":"A cross-sectional study was conducted in five hemodialysis centers in Wuhan, China from December 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, involving 1027 maintenance hemodialysis patients. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection using both nucleic acid testing (NAT) and antibody testing. Of the 1027 patients, 99","qid":7,"docid":"e6zj71b6","rank":96,"score":8.743399620056152},{"content":"A cross-sectional study was conducted in five hemodialysis centers in Wuhan, China from December 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, involving 1027 maintenance hemodialysis patients. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection using both nucleic acid testing (NAT) and antibody testing. Of the 1027 patients, 99","qid":7,"docid":"ks04zh6f","rank":97,"score":8.743398666381836},{"content":"A study was conducted to adapt a computer-assisted, kinetics-based ELISA for detecting coronavirus antibodies in feline serum. Initial experiments using an alkaline antigen diluent resulted in nonspecific color reactions that correlated with antibody levels, but were minimized by using lower-pH antigen diluents. Background reactivity against noncoronaviral components was detected in numerous sera, mainly in those with lower titers.","qid":7,"docid":"ku45p8f2","rank":98,"score":8.737700462341309},{"content":"A serologic survey was conducted from 1996 to 2003 in south-western France to investigate the role of selected viral pathogens in the decline of endangered European mink and their impact on mink survival. Five mustelid species, including European mink, polecats, American mink, stone martens, and pine martens, were tested using serum samples from 481 free-ranging individuals. Antib","qid":7,"docid":"scnlgep2","rank":99,"score":8.724800109863281},{"content":"The passage discusses the significance of virus laboratory diagnostics in modern patient care for investigating acute viral infections, chronic infections, and antiviral treatments. Serological and molecular approaches are used for diagnosis, with serological assays used for screening blood products, evaluating immune status, and determining need for prophylactic treatments. Techniques include virus isolation, nucleic acid amplification (PCR), antigen detection, and serological diagnosis using IgM and I","qid":7,"docid":"jg0br2ro","rank":100,"score":8.707300186157227}]}
{"query":"how has lack of testing availability led to underreporting of true incidence of Covid-19?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the use of a mathematical model to understand the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Iran, accounting for suspected under-reporting of cases. The study estimates the effective reproduction number of the virus in Iran from February to April 2020, finding a median of 1.16 and a reduction from 1.73 to 0.69 due to interventions. The authors argue that ignoring underreporting could mislead public health decisions","qid":8,"docid":"ll2pnl81","rank":1,"score":11.450900077819824},{"content":"Labs and companies are developing antibody tests for COVID-19 to determine the true number of cases and potential immunity to new infections. However, large-scale data from these tests, such as the percentage of immune individuals in hard-hit areas like Wuhan, China, is currently lacking or not publicly available. Scientists anticipate this information will become available as more tests become accessible.","qid":8,"docid":"ecxji8x8","rank":2,"score":10.448200225830078},{"content":"This study evaluates the extent of underreporting and underdetection of COVID-19 cases in global epicenters using mortality rates. The researchers analyzed data from the World Health Organization and calculated case-fatality risks and fold-changes for China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Iran, and the United States. The highest undetected case numbers were found in France, Italy, the United States, and Spain, indicating a detection rate","qid":8,"docid":"ckecol7i","rank":3,"score":10.376399993896484},{"content":"This study evaluates the extent of underreporting and underdetection of COVID-19 cases in global epicenters using mortality rates as an indicator. The analysis of data from the World Health Organization on March 17, 2020, revealed the highest adjusted case-fatality risks and fold-changes in Spain. The findings suggest that France, Italy, the United States, and Spain have detection rates of only 1-2% of total actual COVID-","qid":8,"docid":"hnbatlj0","rank":4,"score":10.376399040222168},{"content":"The passage discusses how changes in COVID-19 testing rates can affect the estimation of the disease's epidemic growth rate. The importance of accurately estimating the growth rate to guide intervention strategies is emphasized. The authors illustrate how fluctuations in testing rates during the early phase of the outbreak can impact the shape of reported case curves, potentially masking the true epidemic growth rate.","qid":8,"docid":"79gozr1p","rank":5,"score":10.142999649047852},{"content":"The passage discusses how changes in testing rates can affect the estimation of the COVID-19 epidemic growth rate. During the early phase of the outbreak, reported cases may not accurately reflect the true epidemic growth rate due to limited diagnostic testing capacity, leading to potential underestimation or overestimation of the growth rate.","qid":8,"docid":"dz1lfwzp","rank":6,"score":10.142998695373535},{"content":"This passage discusses the importance of understanding positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of COVID-19 antibody tests for risk assessment and clinical decision making. While sensitivity and specificity are useful for predicting test results based on infection status, they do not directly apply to risk assessment where the test result is known. The uncertainty surrounding the prevalence of COVID-19 in the population makes it challenging to determine accurate PPV and NPV estimates. The passage","qid":8,"docid":"yvtk83x6","rank":7,"score":10.124899864196777},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify how kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) may present differently with COVID-19 infection due to limited testing availability and concerns for their high-risk status. Of 53 symptomatic patients, 20 (38%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with 16 (80%) of these patients requiring hospitalization. Patients with a history of polyoma BK viremia had","qid":8,"docid":"upwsdgso","rank":8,"score":9.993599891662598},{"content":"A crowdsourced platform has been developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to estimate the true number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the community through self-reporting and layering authentic datasets. The granular data captured by this system could help governments identify hotspots and lift restrictions in a controlled manner. The pandemic's saturation of healthcare resources and restricted screening process have hindered comprehensive case detection, leading to community spread and underestimation of the disease'","qid":8,"docid":"0cu6gi44","rank":9,"score":9.805000305175781},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges and lack of solid scientific evidence regarding the clinical usefulness of COVID-19 serology, despite the availability of commercial serological products for diagnosing the disease. The author highlights the paucity of high-quality peer-reviewed literature on the performance characteristics of these tests and emphasizes the need for further research to establish the reliability and utility of COVID-19 serology.","qid":8,"docid":"ugx8unte","rank":10,"score":9.679200172424316},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of group testing for high-throughput molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2, where specimens are pooled and individually tested only if the pool tests positive. Several studies have shown the potential of pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 testing, but guidance on efficient pooling is lacking. The authors developed a model to estimate the efficiency and accuracy of pooling algorithms based on SARS-CoV-2 viral","qid":8,"docid":"dx6tji56","rank":11,"score":9.642800331115723},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of the K-Means clustering algorithm to identify spatial variations in COVID-19 epidemiological data and background characteristics. The analysis was conducted on country-specific data from the WHO COVID-19 situation report 107, including case fatality rates, positive cases per 10,000 population, proportion of population aged over 65, and percentage of GDP spent on public health. The algorithm grouped 8","qid":8,"docid":"2kiyzq4b","rank":12,"score":9.593199729919434},{"content":"A study analyzed RT-PCR testing data for COVID-19 in 47 prefectures in Japan from January 15 to April 6, 2020. The median incidence and number of tests per 100,000 population were 1.14 and 38.6, respectively. Regression and correlation analyses identified population size, incidence, available beds, and cluster infections as significant predictors for both the inc","qid":8,"docid":"7gmacx72","rank":13,"score":9.466699600219727},{"content":"This cross-sectional study analyzed geographical differences and predictors of RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 in 47 prefectures in Japan from January 15 to April 6, 2020. The median incidence and testing numbers were 1.14 and 38.6 per 100,000 population, respectively. Significant predictors for incidence were population and testing numbers, while for testing, they","qid":8,"docid":"nwfbo4zj","rank":14,"score":9.46669864654541},{"content":"A study using a generalized additive model on weekly death registrations in England and Wales from 2010 to 2020 revealed excess deaths starting in late March 2020. By the end of May, there were 56,600 excess deaths for adults aged 45+ (approximately 53% male). The Office for National Statistics (ONS) and Department of Health and Social Care counts of COVID-19 deaths","qid":8,"docid":"713u1uw3","rank":15,"score":9.442899703979492},{"content":"The passage discusses the relatively low number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Africa as of April 1, 2020, with the highest numbers reported in South Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The authors speculate that Africa's lower testing rates may underestimate the true incidence of the disease, potentially leading to missed opportunities for effective response and unnecessary economic strain. The passage highlights the importance of extensive testing data for accurate","qid":8,"docid":"i9ndb71n","rank":16,"score":9.423399925231934},{"content":"A study explored the use of chest X-rays for diagnosing COVID-19 due to testing limitations and false negatives. The dataset included 122 COVID-19 and over 4,000 other pneumonia X-rays. A pretrained deep learning model was used, achieving 100% accuracy on 102 COVID-19 cases and 95% on other pneumonia cases, with an AUC of 0","qid":8,"docid":"7gsl7d3f","rank":17,"score":9.152000427246094},{"content":"Deprescribing, which aims to reduce polypharmacy in the elderly population, has been hindered during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the suspension of non-essential healthcare services. Pre-pandemic barriers to deprescribing included patient and system factors, such as resistance to change and lack of alternatives for treatment. Virtual care is now a viable alternative for delivering deprescribing services, but challenges include elderly patients' inability to use technology, lack of liter","qid":8,"docid":"hkg91ivj","rank":18,"score":9.057499885559082},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges in estimating the true population infection rate of COVID-19 based on reported cases due to varying testing rates and changes in testing across countries. The authors used a backcasting approach with Monte Carlo methods to estimate the distribution of the true cumulative number of infections in 15 countries with reliable data. They found a positive correlation between testing rates and implied true detection rates, and a negative correlation between positive test proportions and true detection rates. Their estimates indicate","qid":8,"docid":"vq7k0gma","rank":19,"score":9.051199913024902},{"content":"This study aims to estimate the number of COVID-19 positive cases and deaths in Bangladesh by December 30, 2020. The analysis was based on data available online, the infection and death rate common ratio, and trends in China, Iran, Italy, and the USA. Considering social issues in Bangladesh, it was assumed that there would be 17,024,322 cases and 86,265 deaths by the end","qid":8,"docid":"o5u8vfva","rank":20,"score":9.025899887084961},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the way urologists approach patient care during surgery. A risk assessment should be done based on the urgency of the surgery and the patient's risk of viral illness. Preoperative testing and symptom screening are recommended. Adequate PPE, including N95 respirators for COVID-19 patients, is essential. Minimizing aerosolization and using negative pressure rooms for intubation\/extubation are preferred","qid":8,"docid":"4ri37klx","rank":21,"score":8.97249984741211},{"content":"The m-IDEA model, a modified version of the Incidence Decay and Exponential Adjustment model, was used to predict daily COVID-19 cases with precise estimates, critical during a pandemic. The model's performance improved using shorter serial intervals (1-4 days) at the early stages and longer serial intervals (5-9 days) at mid-to late-stages. Epidemiological reports suggest the serial interval of COVID-19 might increase as public","qid":8,"docid":"pem3eqiz","rank":22,"score":8.941399574279785},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting urologic surgery by altering pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care. A risk assessment should be conducted for each patient based on surgery urgency and COVID-19 risk. Older patients with comorbidities have a higher mortality risk. Preoperative testing and symptom screening are recommended, along with adequate PPE for the surgical team. N95 respirators should be","qid":8,"docid":"b9gtfwym","rank":23,"score":8.925399780273438},{"content":"The passage discusses an estimation of undetected COVID-19 infections in India using publicly available data up to April 16, 2020. Two infection fatality rate (IFR) estimates were used: 0.41% based on age structure and 0.70% from Kerala's data. A relationship between deaths and infections was formed, and a discrete time multivariate infection model was used to predict total infections","qid":8,"docid":"t4d2ibng","rank":24,"score":8.873499870300293},{"content":"A study using publicly available data from countries with over 25 COVID-19 deaths by May 1, 2020, found that the total number of international arrivals was the only significant predictor of mean death rates during the pandemic's initial wave. The study suggests that international travel may have contributed to the spread of COVID-19 and subsequent deaths.","qid":8,"docid":"2v4lrlcl","rank":25,"score":8.845100402832031},{"content":"A study was conducted at a university hospital in Paris to compare the sensitivity of real-life RT-dPCR group testing to individual RT-PCR testing for COVID-19. The study used the Naica System from Stilla Technologies and tested 448 samples in groups of 8, 16, and 32. Individual RT-PCR identified 25 positive samples, while RT-dPCR identified 26 additional true positives not detected","qid":8,"docid":"xtx8hl14","rank":26,"score":8.771100044250488},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential dangers of relying solely on epidemic curves of COVID-19 cases, as the accuracy of testing data can significantly impact their reliability. The authors used data from Alberta, Canada and assumed a best-case scenario of testing sensitivity and specificity ranging from 60-95%. They recalculated epidemic curves based on these assumptions and found that bias in shape and peak of the curves can be significant if sensitivity is poor. Early in","qid":8,"docid":"3p9yc6ti","rank":27,"score":8.723699569702148},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges in predicting the spread and lethality of COVID-19 in Brazil due to various reporting techniques and issues like underreporting and budget constraints. The author aims to understand the impact of lifting lockdowns in Brazil on the virus's evolution using the SEIR model with an on\/off strategy and a neural regressor. They also plan to use features linked to COVID-19 lethality from clinical studies for a robust assessment.","qid":8,"docid":"zhcamsqa","rank":28,"score":8.715700149536133},{"content":"The passage discusses the underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in Minas Gerais, Brazil's second most populous state. The low capacity for testing in the population prevents a clear understanding of the spread of Sars-Cov-2. An analysis of different government databases revealed a significant discrepancy in reported COVID-19 deaths and an unexpected increase in SARS deaths, pneumonia, and respiratory insufficiency. These findings suggest an under","qid":8,"docid":"kusqyumn","rank":29,"score":8.657299995422363},{"content":"The passage explores the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in England using Public Health England testing data at the Lower Tier Local Authority region level. A spatiotemporal Negative Binomial generalized linear model was employed, considering an autoregressive model for case progression within regions, influenced by commuting data and traffic flow. The study revealed significant heterogeneity in COVID-19 incidence across England, with certain regions experiencing higher daily case increases than others,","qid":8,"docid":"43jy23ic","rank":30,"score":8.655200004577637},{"content":"A study reviewed surge response guidelines from professional societies and agencies to apply the concept of sudden onset disaster mass casualty incident surge capability to expanding COVID-19 pandemic surge structure response in emergency departments. The available surge structural science literature was examined to determine its application to a pandemic response, and a checklist was created based on COVID-19 surge structural response science from online publications and gray literature.","qid":8,"docid":"ailig3qi","rank":31,"score":8.63379955291748},{"content":"A study reviewed surge response guidelines from professional societies and agencies to apply the concept of sudden onset disaster mass casualty incident surge capability to expanding COVID-19 pandemic surge structure response in emergency departments. The available surge structural science literature was examined to determine its application to a pandemic response, and a checklist was created based on the best available COVID-19 surge structural response science from online and print publications and gray literature.","qid":8,"docid":"ltk5hfc4","rank":32,"score":8.633798599243164},{"content":"A study evaluated the use of host response-based screening, specifically the nasopharyngeal level of CXCL10, to identify undiagnosed cases of COVID-19 and expand testing capacity. Previous research showed that NP CXCL10 is a sensitive predictor of viral infection. In early March, four undiagnosed cases of COVID-19 were identified in Connecticut using this strategy. At Yale New Haven Hospital, NP CX","qid":8,"docid":"6f2nzvhz","rank":33,"score":8.601499557495117},{"content":"This study aimed to explore the relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and COVID-19 incidence in Chennai megacity, India. An ecological study was conducted using data from May 15-21, 2020, for 155 electoral wards. Two regression models, Poisson Regression (PR) and Negative Binomial Regression (NBR), were used to examine the association between area-deprivation","qid":8,"docid":"k6y7f9d2","rank":34,"score":8.574600219726562},{"content":"A Naive-Bayes machine learning model was proposed using hemogram data from symptomatic COVID-19 patients to predict qRT-PCR test results in resource-scarce scenarios, such as essential workforce management and testing capacity limitations. The model, which can be fine-tuned based on context, achieved high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in predicting COVID-19 cases. Utilizing this model for patient selection optimizes resource distribution compared to random choice,","qid":8,"docid":"bquse0bs","rank":35,"score":8.550700187683105},{"content":"A Naive-Bayes machine learning model using hemogram data from symptomatic COVID-19 patients can predict qRT-PCR test results in resource-scarce scenarios, such as essential workforce management and testing deficiency. The model, which can be fine-tuned based on context, achieves high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Resource distribution is optimized through model-based patient selection compared to random choice. The model can assist in decision-making during","qid":8,"docid":"v7b6z86y","rank":36,"score":8.550699234008789},{"content":"The 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia was the largest and longest since the virus was discovered in 1976. A spatiotemporal analysis method was developed using local models for time-varying effective reproduction numbers and gravity-type models for spatial dispersion of the infection. Results showed that only a small percentage of newly infected cases migrated to another district, and a minority","qid":8,"docid":"zymh8c6w","rank":37,"score":8.548999786376953},{"content":"This study uses a dynamic model based on the SEIR framework to estimate the true number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Iran, which is likely to be significantly higher than official statistics due to limited testing and under-reporting. The model takes into account endogenous changes in contact rate and differentiates reported and true cases. The findings indicate that as of March 20, 2020, there were approximately 493,000 current infected cases","qid":8,"docid":"sflu2was","rank":38,"score":8.523900032043457},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic's data dynamics were found to align with the simple SIR model and its extensions, despite the scientific community's diverse theoretical approaches and comprehensive models. The elusive nature of the official figures is due to the unpredictable non-stationarity of testing frames, which can be quantified and used to extract accurate information. The reporting rates control the occurrence of the apparent epidemic peak, which often follows the true one in countries with less vigorous testing at","qid":8,"docid":"nda1toup","rank":39,"score":8.496199607849121},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic's data dynamics can be explained by the simple SIR model and its extensions, despite the scientific community's diverse theoretical approaches and comprehensive models. The elusive nature of the official figures is due to the unpredictable non-stationarity of testing frames, which can be quantified and used to extract accurate information. The reporting rates control the occurrence of the apparent epidemic peak, which typically follows the true one in countries with less vigorous testing at the","qid":8,"docid":"qf4v02lv","rank":40,"score":8.496198654174805},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States. The authors found a surge of non-influenza ILI above the seasonal average in March 2020, which correlated with COVID-19 case counts across states. Based on this correlation, they estimated that there were over 8.7 million new SARS-Co","qid":8,"docid":"szvb2gsf","rank":41,"score":8.490099906921387},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of accurately interpreting epidemic curves of COVID-19, but notes that data quality can be an issue due to misclassification errors in identifying true cases. The authors used data from Alberta, Canada and assumed perfect sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests based on other jurisdictions and similar viruses. They recalculated epidemic curves with these assumptions and found that bias in shape and peak of the curves can be significant if sensitivity is poor.","qid":8,"docid":"hsr2ue28","rank":42,"score":8.480400085449219},{"content":"The passage discusses two hypotheses for the varying impact of COVID-19 in different countries: the absence or discontinuation of BCG vaccination and the widespread use of chloroquine. An analysis of data from countries with over 1000 reported COVID-19 cases suggests higher incidence and mortality in those without universal BCG vaccination. Similarly, the use of chloroquine, though officially discontinued in some countries due to malaria","qid":8,"docid":"9mjyu55i","rank":43,"score":8.454299926757812},{"content":"The passage discusses two hypotheses for the varying impact of COVID-19 in different countries: the absence or discontinuation of BCG vaccination and the widespread use of chloroquine. An analysis of data from countries with over 1000 reported COVID-19 cases suggests higher incidence and mortality in countries without universal BCG vaccination. Similarly, the use of chloroquine, though officially discontinued in some countries due to malaria","qid":8,"docid":"reigmh19","rank":44,"score":8.454298973083496},{"content":"A deep learning model using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) was developed to improve COVID-19 case detection accuracy from chest X-ray scans. The model, which relied on transfer learning, achieved high accuracy (96.3%) and low loss (0.151 binary cross-entropy) on a public dataset. The model correctly identified most true negatives and true positives, with only a few false positives and one false negative. The deep","qid":8,"docid":"4y13cc7f","rank":45,"score":8.449299812316895},{"content":"A deep learning model using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) was developed to improve COVID-19 case detection accuracy from chest X-ray scans. The model, which relied on transfer learning, achieved high accuracy (96.3%) and low loss (0.151 binary cross-entropy) on a public dataset. The model correctly identified most true negatives and true positives, with only a few false positives and one false negative. The deep","qid":8,"docid":"c6d2vym9","rank":46,"score":8.449298858642578},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare and economies, leading to delayed treatments and check-ups, including cancer treatments and screenings. Some existing drugs and nutraceuticals are being investigated for their potential in treating or preventing COVID-19. The article discusses how cancer treatments have been affected during the pandemic and explores the possibility of repurposing certain FDA-approved drugs, vitamins, natural products, and trace minerals for COVID-19 treatment","qid":8,"docid":"i90x2r7t","rank":47,"score":8.419300079345703},{"content":"The study aimed to assess the difference between reported gonorrhoea incidence and true diagnosis rates in Shenzhen, China. A total of 2534 participants were recruited, with a higher untested rate among females (88.1%) than males (68.3%). The male-to-female sex ratios of untested rate, true-positive rate, false-negative rate, and unreported rate were 1:1","qid":8,"docid":"2smn2hl5","rank":48,"score":8.411399841308594},{"content":"The study aimed to estimate the \"true\" incidence of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total hip arthroplasties (THA) using multiple data sources. The researchers identified primary THAs performed between 2005 and 2011 from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register (DHR) and the Danish National Register of Patients (NRP). They used an algorithm that incorporated data from microbiological, prescription","qid":8,"docid":"43l16iuc","rank":49,"score":8.364999771118164},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the connection between the disease and cardiovascular risks. The virus, SARS-CoV2, enters cells through ACE2 receptors in select organs. Epidemiological evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors increase disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and those with severe COVID-19 are more likely to develop cardiac complications like myocardial injury and arrhythmia. The underlying","qid":8,"docid":"ejsqsn59","rank":50,"score":8.349200248718262},{"content":"The passage discusses the connection between Cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19. The virus, SARS-CoV2, enters cells through ACE2 expressed in certain organs. Epidemiological evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors increase disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and those with severe COVID-19 are more likely to develop cardiac complications like myocardial injury and arrhythmia. The true incidence and mechanisms","qid":8,"docid":"lfjud2aq","rank":51,"score":8.349199295043945},{"content":"The passage discusses an estimation of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Santa Clara County as of March 17, 2020. The authors used the assumption that the fraction of infections requiring hospitalization is constant and all hospitalized cases are identified. Their analysis suggests there were 6,500 infections (0.34% of the population), but this number could range from 1,400 (0.","qid":8,"docid":"6vt60348","rank":52,"score":8.347200393676758},{"content":"The passage discusses a study analyzing the relationship between BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin) vaccination and COVID-19 cases and deaths using data from 98 countries. Prior studies found a correlation between BCG vaccination and lower COVID-19 incidences and mortality, but this relationship disappeared when considering COVID-19 testing. The study concluded that there is no statistical evidence to support the claim that BCG vaccination affects COVID-","qid":8,"docid":"he8mcvn8","rank":53,"score":8.342499732971191},{"content":"A systematic review of 23 studies on nonsurgical rhinoplasty using filler injections found that hyaluronic acid was the most commonly used material (73.38%). Nearly all patients (95%) were satisfied with the results, and there were only 26 minor complications reported. No major complications such as vascular compromise were reported. Nonsurgical rhinoplasty is an effective temporary alternative to traditional rhinop","qid":8,"docid":"2pg4hrpy","rank":54,"score":8.31089973449707},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil is experiencing large under-reporting of infected individuals and deaths due to limited mass testing and asymptomatic cases. An adapted SIR model is proposed to account for under-reporting and population response to public policies. Uncertainty in data can lead to misleading predictions. This paper explores the impact of uncertainty on predictions, demonstrating an anticipation of infection peaks when under-reporting infected individuals, an increase in mortality rates when under","qid":8,"docid":"8cw3bjxh","rank":55,"score":8.308899879455566},{"content":"A machine learning model derived from hemogram exam data can predict COVID-19 qRT-PCR results in symptomatic individuals with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The model can be fine-tuned based on assumed prior probabilities and can improve resource allocation in scarcity scenarios, such as essential workforce management and absence of diagnostic tests. The model can assist in strategic decision-making during personnel shortages, lack of medical resources, and testing insufficiency.","qid":8,"docid":"jcyq8qve","rank":56,"score":8.27910041809082},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a halt of non-urgent, elective surgeries, including aesthetic procedures, leading to significant socioeconomic impact. This article discusses the safety and feasibility of rescheduling these procedures and proposes organizational changes for clinics and practices. Based on research, risk factors for COVID-19 exacerbation in patients undergoing elective surgery are identified, and considerations for patient selection, procedural complexity, an","qid":8,"docid":"dtnc7x6a","rank":57,"score":8.274100303649902},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a halt of non-urgent, elective surgeries, including aesthetic procedures, leading to significant socioeconomic impact. This article discusses the safety and feasibility of rescheduling these procedures and proposes organizational changes for clinics and practices. Based on research, risk factors for COVID-19 exacerbation in patients undergoing elective surgery are identified, and considerations for patient selection, procedural complexity, an","qid":8,"docid":"x6drl82v","rank":58,"score":8.274099349975586},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on MERS-CoV transmission in the Middle East region using a combined modelling approach. The study estimates zoonotic and human-to-human transmission rates and their spatiotemporal heterogeneity, considering all cases notified to WHO from March 2012 to mid-September 2014. The model accounts for underreporting of cases and identifies a large heterogeneity in time and space for both transm","qid":8,"docid":"qejtarkd","rank":59,"score":8.267499923706055},{"content":"The passage compares the chaos and confusion surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic to the chaos in John Milton's Paradise Lost after Lucifer's banishment. It also draws a parallel to Enrico Fermi's estimation of the Trinity nuclear bomb's strength with limited data, highlighting the need for good approximations in the face of incomplete information during the current pandemic. The passage acknowledges that while data on Covid-19 is limited, it is stead","qid":8,"docid":"89slu3rr","rank":60,"score":8.222700119018555},{"content":"The passage compares the chaos and confusion surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic to the chaos in John Milton's Paradise Lost after Lucifer's banishment. It also draws a parallel to Enrico Fermi's estimation of the Trinity nuclear bomb's strength with limited data, highlighting the need for good approximations in the face of incomplete information during the current pandemic. The passage acknowledges that while data on Covid-19 is limited, it is stead","qid":8,"docid":"ntx2c04x","rank":61,"score":8.222699165344238},{"content":"A study using computational methods identified potential drug candidates against three vital proteins of SARS-CoV-2, the main protease, Nsp12 RNA polymerase, and Nsp13 helicase. An integrative virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations approach were used to discover potential binding modes and favorable molecular interaction profiles of corresponding compounds. The study also identified structurally important binding site residues in conserved motifs located inside the active site, highlight","qid":8,"docid":"0nqz5y20","rank":62,"score":8.19950008392334},{"content":"A computational study identified potential drug candidates against three vital proteins of SARS-CoV-2, the main protease, Nsp12 RNA polymerase, and Nsp13 helicase, using integrative virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. The study provides structural information for designing targeted inhibitors against COVID-19, although experimental validation is lacking.","qid":8,"docid":"jznszeo7","rank":63,"score":8.199499130249023},{"content":"The passage discusses three approaches to estimate the cumulative incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 cases in the US during the early outbreak, using excess influenza-like illness reports, COVID-19 test statistics, and COVID-19 mortality reports. The estimates suggest that reported positive test counts underestimated the actual case numbers, with state-level estimates ranging from 5 to 50 times greater and a national estimate of 2.2 to 8.1","qid":8,"docid":"4i0gici7","rank":64,"score":8.174799919128418},{"content":"Australia's confirmed COVID-19 cases reached 7,075 with 100 deaths as of May 17, 2020. The incidence of new cases has decreased significantly since March due to social distancing, public health measures, and reduced international travel. Testing rates have increased, and the low detection rate indicates low transmission. New cases are still being reported, mostly linked to known sources. The crude case fatality rate in Australia is","qid":8,"docid":"8cw12q7i","rank":65,"score":8.163999557495117},{"content":"Australia's confirmed COVID-19 cases as of May 17, 2020, were 7,075 with 100 deaths. The incidence of new cases has decreased significantly since March due to social distancing, public health measures, and reduced international travel. Testing rates have increased, and the low detection rate indicates low transmission. New cases are still a mix of overseas-acquired and locally-acquired, with most locally","qid":8,"docid":"megipjpn","rank":66,"score":8.1639986038208},{"content":"In March 2020, U.S. state governments implemented social distancing measures to curb the spread of COVID-19. The effectiveness of these strategies is difficult to measure due to limited COVID-19 testing. However, data from smart thermometers shows a correlation between reduced mobility and decreased fever incidences, with a mean lag of 6.5 days. Counties with larger mobility reductions experienced greater fever reductions, except for New York City.","qid":8,"docid":"cb5ebiiv","rank":67,"score":8.162699699401855},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to effectively treat patients with COVID-19 and ensure best practices for future outbreaks. Academic medical centers face challenges in determining which trials are most beneficial and establishing ethical recruitment processes. The University of Michigan shares its methods for addressing these issues, including efficient trial selection and transparent, ethical recruitment processes. Clinicians have provided diverse interventions for COVID-19 patients, some with perceived efficacy but","qid":8,"docid":"j9zd827k","rank":68,"score":8.159199714660645},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to effectively treat patients with COVID-19 and ensure best practices for future outbreaks. Academic medical centers face challenges in determining which trials are most beneficial and establishing ethical recruitment processes. The University of Michigan shares its methods for addressing these issues, including efficient trial selection and transparent, ethical recruitment processes.","qid":8,"docid":"mb0ceyq7","rank":69,"score":8.159198760986328},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a shortage of ventilators for critically ill patients due to the surge in cases. The authors propose a mathematical framework using an optimized network model and solver for ventilator distribution during scarcity conditions. This framework is compatible with existing healthcare demand models and can be applied to various system sizes. It considers availability of devices, treatment time periods, disinfection, and shipping logistics. The authors demonstrate the approach using a high-f","qid":8,"docid":"pia8gbon","rank":70,"score":8.139800071716309},{"content":"The World Health Organization (WHO) is launching a global study called Solidarity II to test blood samples for the presence of COVID-19 antibodies in more than half a dozen countries. The study aims to determine the true extent of coronavirus infections, including mild cases, to help establish prevalence and mortality rates in different age groups. Accurate data is necessary for policymakers to make informed decisions on the duration of shutdowns and quarantines.","qid":8,"docid":"0klg8yvs","rank":71,"score":8.121700286865234},{"content":"A call for urgent COVID-19 research in low- and middle-income countries is necessary due to potential underreporting of cases and uncertainties about the disease's impact. Research in transmission patterns, clinical characteristics, and response measures is essential to inform local responses. A multidisciplinary approach led by local investigators is recommended to minimize resource diversion from response activities.","qid":8,"docid":"uzrxtgrg","rank":72,"score":8.103300094604492},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of accurately estimating true positive rates for COVID-19 tests, particularly when the number of tests is similar to the number of infected individuals. The author uses a SEIR model to analyze the impact of testing in South Korea and New York state, finding that increasing true positive rates by 10% can have an equivalent effect as adding tens of thousands of new tests per day. The author suggests that a combination of increased true positive rates and tests per day could be","qid":8,"docid":"06vc2y9y","rank":73,"score":8.088600158691406},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from a report by National Records Scotland on excess deaths due to cancer and cardiovascular diseases in Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic from December 30, 2019, to April 20, 2020. The report reveals a peak in excess deaths for both cancer and cardiovascular diseases around week 14 of 2020, about four weeks after the first COVID-19 case was detected in Scotland","qid":8,"docid":"223v2obv","rank":74,"score":8.050399780273438},{"content":"A study was conducted to estimate the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in children. Data was collected from government websites and publications, totaling 27,614 cases from 27 countries. Of these, 1.9% (4,924) were in children. Among confirmed pediatric cases, 14% required hospitalization, 2.2% were admitted to ICU, and 0.03% died.","qid":8,"docid":"71uvferq","rank":75,"score":8.050299644470215},{"content":"A new statistical model is presented in this study to handle potentially misreported continuous time series data. The model can manage the autocorrelation structure in such data, which may be underreported or overreported. The model's effectiveness is demonstrated through a simulation study with various autocorrelation structures and two real-life applications on human papillomavirus incidence in Girona, Spain, and COVID-19 incidence in Heilongjiang, China.","qid":8,"docid":"x51cdraa","rank":76,"score":8.036399841308594},{"content":"The passage discusses the issue of police legitimacy, which was significantly affected by the Rodney King incident in 1991 and has been further complicated by the militarization of policing. The article explores two potential outcomes of pandemic policing on police legitimacy: either it leads to deeper divides and further militarization, or it results in compassionate responses and the rebuilding of legitimacy.","qid":8,"docid":"jxxcvbna","rank":77,"score":8.022500038146973},{"content":"The Balearic Islands in Spain experienced low COVID-19 incidence due to lockdown measures and isolation. A compartmental model was used to analyze the spread of COVID-19, with parameters calibrated from confirmed cases. The model showed that the number of cases depended on the initial outbreak onset and imported cases before lockdown. Herd immunization had not been reached, and the low incidence translated to low immunization rates, increasing the risk of secondary","qid":8,"docid":"glu5xlsd","rank":78,"score":8.011899948120117},{"content":"This study aimed to review reported cases of COVID-19 and influenza coinfection from published literature and local data in El Paso, TX. Six published articles with a total of 13 patients and three additional cases were analyzed. Common symptoms included fever and cough, with elevated C-reactive protein and lymphocytopenia. Thirteen patients had viral pneumonia findings on CT, and nine had ground-glass opacity. Complications, most commonly acute","qid":8,"docid":"m7qoy6yq","rank":79,"score":8.000100135803223},{"content":"A systematic review aims to analyze the prevalence of acute liver injury and hypertransaminemia in patients with COVID-19 by enrolling studies without language restriction and stratifying data based on COVID-19 severity. The review intends to explore the impact of varied definitions of liver injury on the incidence of liver injury. The search was conducted on PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database on April 13, 2020. Two reviewers will","qid":8,"docid":"6dln5kww","rank":80,"score":7.987100124359131},{"content":"A systematic review aims to analyze the prevalence of acute liver injury and hypertransaminemia in patients with COVID-19 by enrolling studies without language restriction and stratifying data based on COVID-19 severity. The review intends to explore the impact of varied definitions of liver injury on the incidence of liver injury. The search was conducted on PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database on April 13, 2020. Two reviewers will","qid":8,"docid":"otio8uzt","rank":81,"score":7.9870991706848145},{"content":"A study was conducted using data from the Julius General Practitioners Network from 2002 to 2011 to investigate PSA testing rates and associated factors. The overall incidence rate of PSA testing in men \u226545 years increased nearly 4-fold, from 15.5 to 54.3 per 1000 person-years. The increase was more significant after 2005. Men with cardiovascular","qid":8,"docid":"thyi3cbk","rank":82,"score":7.979599952697754},{"content":"A new deep learning algorithm is proposed for the automated diagnosis of COVID-19 using chest CT images, addressing the need for a quick and accurate diagnostic system due to the global pandemic. The method uses contrastive learning to train an encoder on large lung datasets and adopts a prototypical network for classification, requiring only a few samples for training. The proposed model outperforms competing methods on two publicly available and annotated COVID-19 CT datasets.","qid":8,"docid":"724br56j","rank":83,"score":7.926799774169922},{"content":"A team was assembled to develop a roadmap for addressing zoonotic tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which affects humans and animals. The true incidence of this type of TB is underestimated, making it a significant public health challenge. An integrated One Health approach is necessary to tackle zoonotic TB. The team, made up of various institutions and disciplines, accomplished this goal in 2017, publishing","qid":8,"docid":"h06876ok","rank":84,"score":7.901599884033203},{"content":"The approach to laboratory assessment of COVID-19 has evolved with the outbreak in each country, driven in part by testing demand exceeding capacity. In the US, testing is still expanding while in China and South Korea, testing is widely available through molecular and serological methods. Commercial testing systems are insufficient due to high demand, and the next issue will be serological testing as the COVID-19 outbreak subsides, allowing for immunity testing and defining outbreak parameters.","qid":8,"docid":"k0f8jj0c","rank":85,"score":7.89769983291626},{"content":"The approach to laboratory assessment of COVID-19 has evolved with the outbreak in each country, driven by testing demand exceeding capacity. In the US, testing is still expanding while in China and South Korea, testing is widely available with both molecular and serological methods. Commercial testing systems are insufficient due to high demand. Serological testing will be the next issue as the COVID-19 outbreak subsides, allowing for immunity testing and defining outbreak parameters. (Copyright protected)","qid":8,"docid":"yv5yz261","rank":86,"score":7.897698879241943},{"content":"The passage discusses the lack of research on molecular mechanisms during the late development of the human kidney, specifically in the nephrogenic zone where nephrogenesis occurs unnoticed until birth. In preterm and low birth weight babies, a signal that decreases morphogenetic activity and vanishes stem cell niches in the nephrogenic zone leads to oligonephropathy and premature renal parenchyma. Factors responsible include both extra","qid":8,"docid":"8quklm6w","rank":87,"score":7.895100116729736},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of digital health technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes the creation of the National Emergency Tele-Critical Care Network (NETCCN) to address resource shortages and future crises. The authors identified several digital health technologies, including telemedicine, mobile care, telementoring, telecritical care, robotics, and artificial intelligence, which could be combined to form an interoperable and scalable NETCCN. This","qid":8,"docid":"8wxkrv6h","rank":88,"score":7.892600059509277},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of digital health technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes the creation of the National Emergency Tele-Critical Care Network (NETCCN) to address resource shortages and future crises. The authors identified several digital health technologies, including telemedicine, mobile care, telementoring, telecritical care, robotics, and artificial intelligence, which could be combined in NETCCN to support patients, increase healthcare providers' capabilities,","qid":8,"docid":"ooh25s0y","rank":89,"score":7.892599105834961},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has infected over 1.5 million people and caused over 80,000 deaths worldwide by April 7, 2020. Countries have adopted mitigation strategies like social isolation and city lockdowns, but results vary. South Korea effectively controlled the disease through social distancing, border control, and high reported case percentage. Italy is experiencing a pandemic peak, while Brazil is in the initial phase with high underreporting and poor isolation","qid":8,"docid":"dwyeggb6","rank":90,"score":7.888700008392334},{"content":"A research institute collaborated with hospitals and a diagnostic lab to repurpose their facilities for scalable and resilient SARS-CoV-2 testing during the pandemic. They utilized existing expertise in virus handling, robotics, PCR, and data science to create a high throughput diagnostic pipeline. The pipeline, which can detect the virus from nose-throat swabs and endotracheal secretions\/ bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, relies","qid":8,"docid":"nuw194wf","rank":91,"score":7.8643999099731445},{"content":"This study aimed to examine the limited cases of COVID-19 and influenza coinfection in the literature and in the community of El Paso, Texas, to determine any patterns of clinical presentation and morbidity. Six published articles with a total of sixteen patients were identified, with the most common symptoms being fever and cough, and the most common laboratory findings being elevated C-reactive protein and lymphocytopenia. Thirteen patients presented with viral pneumonia findings","qid":8,"docid":"jrjom1pd","rank":92,"score":7.85260009765625},{"content":"This study aimed to examine the limited cases of COVID-19 and influenza coinfection in the literature and in the community of El Paso, Texas, to determine any patterns of clinical presentation and morbidity. Six published articles with thirteen patients and three additional cases from El Paso were reviewed. The most common symptoms were fever and cough, and the most common laboratory findings were elevated C-reactive protein and lymphocytopenia. Thirteen patients presented with viral","qid":8,"docid":"t6datn1z","rank":93,"score":7.852599143981934},{"content":"Syria, a conflict-affected country with a population displaced by war and insufficient healthcare infrastructure, is particularly vulnerable to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The country reported its first case on March 22, 2020, but concerns of underreporting exist. Overcrowding and insufficient water, sanitation, and healthcare facilities in Syria, caused by the conflict, could lead to optimal conditions for the virus's spread. Political","qid":8,"docid":"qgjr8ldx","rank":94,"score":7.850599765777588},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, 0.84% of patients with cancer in a UK and European study were swab positive, 0.75% required hospital admission, and 0.21% died. Of those receiving chemotherapy, 2.9% were admitted and 1% died. For targeted treatments, 1.4% were admitted and 0.1% died. Among radiotherapy patients, 0.6% were admitted and ","qid":8,"docid":"ngwrfhbl","rank":95,"score":7.832799911499023},{"content":"This paper demonstrates the use of the epidemiological analysis method, back-projection, to assess COVID-19 infection incidence and the impact of control measures in Australia. By analyzing daily diagnoses and the probability distribution of time between infection and diagnosis, the study reveals that peak infection incidence coincided with border closures and social distancing restrictions, and subsequent measures led to a decline in incidence. A one-week delay in peak incidence could have resulted in a five","qid":8,"docid":"p2e5vdwg","rank":96,"score":7.826300144195557},{"content":"This passage discusses a study that uses a SEIR model (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) to assess the global impact of COVID-19, considering demographic factors, testing strategies, and herd immunity to determine the maximum number of lives that can be saved. The study implements a Bayesian Melding method to account for data limitations and derives the best parameters to replicate the observed deaths.","qid":8,"docid":"2epo3a4r","rank":97,"score":7.818600177764893},{"content":"A study used machine learning to identify COVID-19 infections through analysis of 11 key blood indices extracted from clinical blood test data. The tool, which was built using a random forest algorithm, achieved high accuracy in identifying COVID-19 in cross-validation, test, and external validation sets. The tool demonstrated potential to help with early diagnosis and reduce the burden on public health, and is available online for use in assessing suspected patients. The tool achieved accuracy of 0.9","qid":8,"docid":"kjovtgua","rank":98,"score":7.812600135803223},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study analyzing the clinical and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in 406 children in China. Key findings include the clustered incidence in families, low incidence, high percentage of asymptomatic infections and mild cases, normal lymphocyte counts, and less severe chest CT findings compared to adults. Stool samples had a high positivity rate for anal swab tests. Children have more asymptomatic infections, milder conditions","qid":8,"docid":"bih9t439","rank":99,"score":7.7692999839782715},{"content":"The passage summarizes a review of clinical data from 406 children with COVID-19 in China. Key findings include the clustered incidence in families, low incidence, high percentage of asymptomatic infections and mild cases, normal lymphocyte counts, and less severe chest CT findings compared to adults. Stool samples had a high positivity rate for anal swab tests. Children have more asymptomatic infections, milder conditions, faster recovery,","qid":8,"docid":"pqg0g1nx","rank":100,"score":7.769299030303955}]}
{"query":"how has COVID-19 affected Canada","hits":[{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the representational activities of Members of Parliament (MPs) in Canada due to the disruption caused to Parliament's operations. (Summary by Human) (For machine summary: MPs' representational activities in Canada have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to disruptions to Parliament's operations.)","qid":9,"docid":"u8hogdyf","rank":1,"score":9.695099830627441},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic is causing significant disruptions to surgical training for residents in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australasia. Social media discussions have highlighted the issue using the hashtag #NoTrainingTodayNoSurgeonsTomorrow. This rapid review summarizes the current evidence of the pandemic's impact on surgical training in these countries and compares mitigation efforts. The challenges presented by the pandemic may lead to improvements in how surgeons are","qid":9,"docid":"zzvmj5qy","rank":2,"score":9.623299598693848},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on the relationship between extractive industries and Indigenous communities in Canada. This paper explores how political dynamics have shifted and outlines four areas of conflict that have become more pronounced due to the economic crisis. Researchers should monitor these conflicts to help Indigenous communities adapt to changes in industry-Indigenous relations.","qid":9,"docid":"rzwcfv3b","rank":3,"score":9.443900108337402},{"content":"The passage discusses the global impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) on healthcare systems, with a focus on how Canada has been affected. The article highlights the need for infection control measures to prevent the spread of SARS in healthcare facilities.","qid":9,"docid":"xm9y4ovl","rank":4,"score":9.176799774169922},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in neurosurgical training programs, resulting in reduced clinical and educational workload for residents. Over 80% of respondents reported decreased inpatient and outpatient volumes, and over 90% experienced reduced work responsibilities or hospital access. Senior residents expressed concerns about their educational experience and future career prospects. Programs responded by increasing didactic time and using electronic platforms. The pandemic may prompt a reevaluation of the adequ","qid":9,"docid":"vmy1zk8e","rank":5,"score":8.380900382995605},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in neurosurgical training programs, with reduced clinical workloads and hours for residents. Most respondents reported decreased inpatient and outpatient volumes, and over 90% experienced reductions in work responsibilities or hospital access. Senior residents expressed concerns about their educational experience and future careers. Programs responded by increasing didactic time and using electronic platforms. The pandemic may prompt a re-evaluation of the adequacy of pre-","qid":9,"docid":"0p192lmv","rank":6,"score":8.258099555969238},{"content":"Canada has been active in strengthening global health security during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Public Health Agency of Canada has shown preparedness for outbreaks of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases. Before the pandemic declaration, Canada demonstrated global health leadership by promoting collective action and multisectoral coordination, particularly for countries with weak health systems. This article explores how Canada is addressing global challenges posed by COVID-19 through diplomacy.","qid":9,"docid":"qy66ih4m","rank":7,"score":8.192700386047363},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the traditional heart failure (HF) care model in Canada, requiring new strategies to maintain or improve patient health and decrease the risk of hospitalization. Innovative approaches include adopting novel technologies and revising care models, processes, and workflows to accommodate physical distancing and reduced healthcare workforce. The crisis presents an opportunity to explore new methods that could shape the future of HF care in Canada. Canadian Heart Failure Society leaders offer pers","qid":9,"docid":"23pm2kjw","rank":8,"score":7.993599891662598},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the traditional heart failure (HF) care model in Canada, requiring new strategies to maintain or improve patient health and decrease the risk of hospitalization. Innovative approaches, including the adoption of novel technologies and revised care models, are necessary to optimize guideline-directed care despite physical distancing and reduced healthcare workforce. The Canadian Heart Failure Society (CHFS) offers perspectives on how to adapt to these challenges and explore potential future","qid":9,"docid":"vn9ba1ku","rank":9,"score":7.993598937988281},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of videoconferencing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, focusing on its application in parliamentary proceedings and the necessity for the judicial branch to adapt. Courts are considered an essential service, and the use of digital technologies, such as Zoom, is essential for maintaining judicial functions while adhering to physical distancing measures. The article provides an analysis of how Canadian courts have responded to the challenges of COVID-19 through a systematic review","qid":9,"docid":"qy9ttbkx","rank":10,"score":7.957799911499023},{"content":"The passage discusses the unequal distribution of COVID-19 cases and fatalities in Canada, with the highest numbers in Quebec and Ontario. Using new data from the Public Health Agency of Canada, the study assesses COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across age and gender groups in each province. Quebec has the most cases and fatalities in all age groups, and there are more female positive cases than male, but men are more likely to be hospitalized and enter intensive care","qid":9,"docid":"54obt430","rank":11,"score":7.915900230407715},{"content":"Twenty-five SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from some of the first COVID-19 cases in eastern Ontario, Canada, were analyzed. The sequences belonged to the S-clade and G-clade, containing 45 polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis traced the viral origin and potential transmission into and within Canada, suggesting at least thirteen unique infection events, including those from Europe and the USA. Four genomes were shared by","qid":9,"docid":"8gtnbm1c","rank":12,"score":7.847799777984619},{"content":"The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, with nearly 800,000 cases and global involvement as of March 31, 2020. Canada has over 8000 cases with varying infection rates among provinces and territories. Cardiac surgeons in Canada have had to prioritize and delay elective cases, alter therapeutic strategies, and reconsider patient management due","qid":9,"docid":"mzaxgbtc","rank":13,"score":7.773399829864502},{"content":"Canada is experiencing exponential growth in COVID-19 cases, similar to European countries like Italy. To prevent further spread and enter the exponential growth pattern, Canada can learn from countries like Taiwan and Hong Kong, which have effectively controlled their outbreaks through innovative use of technology and widespread mask usage. The passage suggests urgently implementing surgical masks in healthcare and other settings, and utilizing smartphone technology on a national scale.","qid":9,"docid":"ieobv7q8","rank":14,"score":7.75439977645874},{"content":"The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, with nearly 800,000 cases and global involvement as of March 31, 2020. Canada has over 8000 cases with varying infection rates among provinces and territories. Cardiac surgeons have had to prioritize and delay elective cases, alter therapeutic strategies, and reassess patient management due to resource constraints","qid":9,"docid":"n8omnki4","rank":15,"score":7.668300151824951},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in pediatric gastroenterology fellowship training in North America. A survey of 77 program directors revealed that 66% of them reported being under a \"stay-at-home\" order for a median of 4 weeks. Outpatient telehealth was implemented in 76% of programs, and fellows stopped participating in outpatient clinics and endoscopy in 43% and 52%","qid":9,"docid":"2pfeogz0","rank":16,"score":7.593699932098389},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in pediatric gastroenterology fellowship training in North America. A survey of 77 program directors revealed that 66% of them reported being under a \"stay-at-home\" order for a median of 4 weeks. Outpatient telehealth was implemented in 76% of programs, and fellows stopped participating in outpatient clinics and endoscopy in 43% and 52%","qid":9,"docid":"sdrst5nm","rank":17,"score":7.593698978424072},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges for Canadian medical oncologists, both personally and professionally. The Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists conducted a national survey of medical oncologists to understand the impact of the pandemic. The survey attracted 159 responses and revealed that over 70% of medical oncologists expressed moderate-to-extreme concern about contracting COVID-19 and about their family members or patients contracting the virus from them. Variability","qid":9,"docid":"ux0kjt9l","rank":18,"score":7.405700206756592},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges for Canadian medical oncologists, both personally and professionally. The Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists conducted a national survey of medical oncologists to understand the impact of the pandemic. The survey attracted 159 responses and revealed that over 70% of medical oncologists expressed moderate-to-extreme concern about contracting COVID-19 and transmitting it to their families or patients. Variability in PPE use","qid":9,"docid":"y8ntig41","rank":19,"score":7.405699253082275},{"content":"This paper explores people's reactions and concerns about COVID-19 in North America, with a focus on Canada, through analyzing COVID-19 related tweets using topic modeling and sentiment analysis. The results are interpreted with public health experts and compared to the timeline of public health interventions. The study demonstrates how Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques can aid public health agencies in designing policies with expert input.","qid":9,"docid":"yuv2ki4o","rank":20,"score":7.3780999183654785},{"content":"The passage discusses the vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change. While Canada's public health system is well-developed, health inequality is pronounced among Aboriginal Canadians. Factors determining their vulnerability to climate change include poverty, technological capacity constraints, socio-political values and inequality, institutional capacity challenges, and information deficit. Place-based and regional studies are needed to examine how these determinants will affect vulnerability at lower levels. Collabor","qid":9,"docid":"5m1ch7ls","rank":21,"score":7.256899833679199},{"content":"A study compared news coverage of the 2014 Ebola outbreak by The Globe and Mail (Canada) and the Vanguard (Nigeria). Using a qualitative content analysis, substantial differences were found in topic and content, with The Globe and Mail framing the outbreak as a national security issue and international humanitarian crisis, while the Vanguard focused solely on public health. Further research is needed to understand how a country's political, social, or","qid":9,"docid":"74qmy02h","rank":22,"score":7.229300022125244},{"content":"This paper focuses on generating real-time forecasts and assessing risk for COVID-19 cases in multiple countries. A hybrid approach using autoregressive integrated moving average model and Wavelet-based forecasting model is presented to forecast the number of daily confirmed cases for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK up to ten days ahead. The findings will aid in resource allocation and serve as an early-warning system for policymakers. Additionally, an optimal regression","qid":9,"docid":"ba6mdgq3","rank":23,"score":7.198500156402588},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide, with growing evidence of cardiovascular effects and increased severity for those with preexisting heart disease. As case numbers rise, there will be a greater need for post-discharge cardiac care due to an anticipated surge in new or comorbid cardiovascular patients. This report discusses the current state of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and offers recommendations for policymakers and healthcare organizations to","qid":9,"docid":"8508n0ex","rank":24,"score":7.084099769592285},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide, with increasing recognition of the common and harmful cardiovascular effects of the virus. Patients with pre-existing heart conditions are at higher risk for severe disease. As case numbers rise, there will be a greater need for post-hospitalization cardiac rehabilitation. This manuscript discusses the current state of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and offers recommendations for policymakers and healthcare organizations to prepare for","qid":9,"docid":"8obqdbh9","rank":25,"score":7.084098815917969},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for Canada to intensify public health interventions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 based on the analysis of the growth rates of the epidemic in Italy and Canada. The study found that Italy's growth rate decreased significantly after a lockdown, while Canada's growth rate has increased. Without further interventions, the study projects 15,000 cases in Canada by March 31st, but this number could be reduced to","qid":9,"docid":"vwwt70mo","rank":26,"score":6.991000175476074},{"content":"Canadian parliamentary responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have raised questions about their ability to function effectively during a crisis. This research note documents how Canadian legislatures have adapted and assesses the impact on their core functions. An analysis of parliamentary records reveals that citizen representation has been most affected, while scrutinizing and legislative functions have been preserved, though limited. The varying responses highlight which aspects of parliamentary functioning are prioritized and which may be at risk.","qid":9,"docid":"hxn46xnn","rank":27,"score":6.979400157928467},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the orthopedic implant industry, leading to decreased resource allocation for in-person meetings and increased focus on web-based educational content. For the second half of 2020, there is a significant emphasis on outpatient total joint replacements and COVID-19 safety measures, as well as increased availability of instrumentation and implants. Industry partners remain committed to surgeon education and finding optimal ways to support surgeons with","qid":9,"docid":"4bncbqsb","rank":28,"score":6.91510009765625},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the orthopedic implant industry, leading to decreased resource allocation for in-person meetings and increased focus on web-based educational content. For the second half of 2020, there is a significant emphasis on outpatient total joint replacements and COVID-19 safety measures, as well as increased availability of instrumentation and implants. Industry partners remain committed to surgeon education and finding optimal ways to support surgeons with","qid":9,"docid":"8pw5r3px","rank":29,"score":6.915099143981934},{"content":"A group of medical students, clinicians, and educators from Austria, Switzerland, and Canada have summarized how medical students worldwide are contributing to COVID-19 emergency efforts. They argue that these contributions transform the pandemic from a disruption to an essential learning experience, allowing students to become active stakeholders in healthcare expansion and delivery.","qid":9,"docid":"fjf3dm4y","rank":30,"score":6.914899826049805},{"content":"A group of medical students, clinicians, and educators from Austria, Switzerland, and Canada have summarized how medical students worldwide are contributing to COVID-19 emergency efforts. They argue that these contributions transform the pandemic from a disruption to an essential learning experience, allowing students to become active stakeholders in healthcare expansion and delivery.","qid":9,"docid":"pkniwunl","rank":31,"score":6.914898872375488},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted fieldwork for two family studies in Germany, \"The German Family Panel\" (pairfam) and the \"Generations and Gender Survey\" (GGS), which are part of the \"Family Research and Demographic Analysis\" (FReDA) infrastructure. The ongoing data collection for pairfam was affected, and measures were taken to continue fieldwork with a special COVID-19 survey. For FReDA-GGS, planned","qid":9,"docid":"kv16lxve","rank":32,"score":6.90369987487793},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to a shift in surgical fellowship interviews from in-person to virtual formats, resulting in significant cost savings for applicants, who saved approximately $6,000 in travel expenses. Applicants also required less time off from their residency programs. However, training programs invested more resources upfront to adapt to virtual interviewing. While virtual recruitment offers cost savings, it should be further refined. The pandemic presents an opportunity to innovate and","qid":9,"docid":"wizfsv6x","rank":33,"score":6.846700191497803},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the cancellation or postponement of tens of thousands of elective surgeries in Canada. Provincial governments plan to reopen surgical capacity and allocate new funding to address the backlog. However, there is a lack of research on the equitability and patient perception of current wait list management approaches. New cost models based on hospitals' marginal costs and social distancing parameters are required. Surgeon involvement in strategy development, implementation, and management of wait","qid":9,"docid":"483t4low","rank":34,"score":6.838600158691406},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the cancellation or postponement of tens of thousands of elective surgeries in Canada. Provincial governments plan to reopen surgical capacity and allocate new funding to address the backlog. However, there is a lack of research on the equitability and patient perception of current wait list management approaches. New cost models based on hospitals' marginal costs and social distancing parameters are required. Surgeon involvement in strategy development, implementation, and management of surg","qid":9,"docid":"6cipl2v3","rank":35,"score":6.83859920501709},{"content":"The novel coronavirus reached the United States and Canada in January 2020. While both countries were affected around the same time, their responses differed significantly. In the US, initial dismissal of COVID-19 dangers by President Trump, Republicans, and conservative media led to politicization of the pandemic. This early response continues to shape partisan differences in public opinion. In contrast, Canada's response was marked by across-the-board partisan consensus among political el","qid":9,"docid":"4v3d86h3","rank":36,"score":6.831099987030029},{"content":"The passage describes a mathematical model used to evaluate different nonpharmaceutical interventions for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. The model, which is age-structured and compartmental, compared a base case with limited testing, isolation, and quarantine to scenarios with enhanced case finding, restrictive physical distancing, or a combination of both. The results showed that all interventions delayed and reduced the height of the epidemic peak, with restrictive physical distancing","qid":9,"docid":"j8x384vp","rank":37,"score":6.790800094604492},{"content":"The passage discusses a mathematical model used to evaluate different nonpharmaceutical interventions for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. The model compared a base case with limited testing, isolation, and quarantine to scenarios with enhanced case finding, restrictive physical distancing, or a combination of both. The results showed that all interventions delayed and reduced the height of the epidemic peak, with restrictive physical distancing having the greatest effect. Longer duration interventions were","qid":9,"docid":"lb2tuol2","rank":38,"score":6.790799140930176},{"content":"The study examines the time frame between changes in COVID-19 control measures at the population level and the observable impact on cases. The findings suggest that it takes at least three weeks for a substantial difference in cases to be observed after a change in control measures, and slightly longer to detect the impact. However, for dramatic changes, the time frame is shorter (11-15 days). Delays and noise in testing and reporting processes can extend these time frames by up to 2","qid":9,"docid":"ti92jbpz","rank":39,"score":6.759300231933594},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of memory, or non-Markovian nature, on the shapes of simple outbreak trees derived from genomic tools such as phylogenetic trees. The study simulates Crump-Mode-Jagers branching processes with different patterns of infectivity over time and finds that memory significantly affects tree shapes, but also influences tree sizes. When tree sizes are constant, memory has minimal effect on tree shapes but can bias birth rate inference. The findings are compared","qid":9,"docid":"mcdfcc8v","rank":40,"score":6.734000205993652},{"content":"This article analyzes the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on India while acknowledging the human tragedy. Research questions include the effect on different sectors, bilateral trade with China, and the public health system's role. The article also provides growth projections and policy recommendations.","qid":9,"docid":"gw6zi5qn","rank":41,"score":6.73390007019043},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions in pharmacy practice worldwide, requiring pharmacists to adapt and show resilience. A study in Ontario, Canada, aimed to understand how community pharmacies responded and identified factors influencing resilience. The study used one-on-one interviews with 21 pharmacists and identified six themes: use of technology, early adoption of guidance, task-focused workplaces, scheduling practices, dedicated specialty staff,","qid":9,"docid":"3a1vmckt","rank":42,"score":6.731200218200684},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions in pharmacy practice worldwide, requiring pharmacists to adapt quickly. A study in Ontario, Canada, aimed to understand how community pharmacies responded and identified factors influencing resilience. The study used one-on-one interviews with 21 pharmacists and identified six themes: use of technology, early adoption of guidance, task-focused workplaces, scheduling practices, dedicated specialty staff, and provision of personal","qid":9,"docid":"l970p9sd","rank":43,"score":6.731199264526367},{"content":"The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology has issued guidelines for managing coronary and structural cardiac interventions in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to maintain essential cardiovascular care while minimizing risks to patients and staff and preserving healthcare resources. Recommendations may vary based on the evolving pandemic and regional considerations. The document aims to provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policymakers.","qid":9,"docid":"hn1z0817","rank":44,"score":6.691299915313721},{"content":"The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology has issued guidelines for managing coronary and structural cardiac interventions in the cardiac catheterization laboratory during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to maintain essential cardiovascular care while minimizing risks to patients and staff and preserving healthcare resources. Recommendations may vary based on the evolving pandemic and regional considerations. The document aims to provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policymakers.","qid":9,"docid":"v31uzr68","rank":45,"score":6.691298961639404},{"content":"The Canadian banking system is among the best in the world and is expected to support society during the COVID-19 pandemic. A content analysis of the responses of Canada's ten largest banks revealed 19 different actions, which were clustered into three groups: sweeping actions, cautious actions, and wait & see. While most banks have taken minimal steps to help their stakeholders, three banks have shown a strong commitment to their clients and communities.","qid":9,"docid":"r0ach2jn","rank":46,"score":6.678999900817871},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis of the earliest 118 COVID-19 cases in Canada, which revealed that only 7.6% of them were linked to travel from China. Instead, the most common travel origins were the Middle East, the United States, and Europe. Despite China being the source of the majority of global COVID-19 cases at that time, focusing on travel restrictions to China alone might not have effectively controlled the spread.","qid":9,"docid":"kgifmjvb","rank":47,"score":6.666999816894531},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study that analyzed the travel origins of the first 118 COVID-19 cases in Canada. Contrary to the global trend where the majority of cases originated from China, only 7.6% of Canada's earliest cases were linked to travelers from China. Instead, most cases were traced back to the Middle East, the United States, and Europe. The study suggests that expanding early screening and travel restrictions to these regions could have helped control","qid":9,"docid":"wmfcey6f","rank":48,"score":6.666998863220215},{"content":"The passage argues against the use of generational explanations in understanding the impact of COVID-19 on careers, as there is no scientific evidence supporting the existence or reliability of generational groups or differences. The essay urges researchers to consider alternative lifespan development frameworks for examining age-graded processes instead.","qid":9,"docid":"6xsisjlf","rank":49,"score":6.6539998054504395},{"content":"The passage argues against the use of generational explanations in understanding the impact of COVID-19 on careers. The author points out that there is no scientific evidence supporting the existence or reliable classification of generations, or demonstrable differences between them. The essay urges researchers to abandon the concept of generations and instead use alternative lifespan development frameworks to better understand age-related processes.","qid":9,"docid":"qorwfuqk","rank":50,"score":6.653998851776123},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects the 370 million Indigenous Peoples worldwide, with issues specific to colonized Indigenous communities being explored in this editorial by Indigenous nurses from various countries.","qid":9,"docid":"hqv9wi5u","rank":51,"score":6.626399993896484},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic triggers widespread fear, leading to global, homogenizing interpretations of reality at the expense of detailed analysis. This adaptive response, called affective semiosis, helps cope with the crisis in the short-term. However, its value decreases during the post-crisis management and long-term impact. To effectively handle the pandemic crisis over an extended period, affective semiosis must be combined with more specific ways of interpreting reality","qid":9,"docid":"paqah5h6","rank":52,"score":6.605800151824951},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, some jurisdictions in Canada have relaxed linguistic obligations in public institutions and governments. This article argues that suspending or curtailing minority language services is not justifiable in emergency situations due to public safety and health reasons. The article presents findings from a survey and analysis of government actions regarding their constitutional, legislative, and policy language obligations, highlighting best practices and deficiencies. In conclusion, the article suggests ways for governments to better uphold","qid":9,"docid":"cq6f8v94","rank":53,"score":6.601500034332275},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak, caused by a corona virus, started in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 and quickly spread to every continent, causing thousands of deaths. Countries are working on treatments and vaccines, with varying speculations on timelines. The pandemic is a major global concern and has caused havoc worldwide. This study examines the outbreak's spread, using data on confirmed, recovered, and dead cases, to help industries prepare for future outbreak","qid":9,"docid":"x51o4gyn","rank":54,"score":6.577099800109863},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada saw varying health outcomes and transmission potential across provinces, with Alberta having a higher testing rate and lower mortality than Ontario and Quebec. All provinces implemented similar health-policy measures between March 12 and March 30. The transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 (R0) varied widely among provinces, and all provinces except Alberta, British Columbia, and Nova Scotia currently have an Rt greater than","qid":9,"docid":"v346cpkl","rank":55,"score":6.557000160217285},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had varying effects on different types of crime, including cybercrime. Using routine activity theory, this study investigates how the pandemic has affected rates of cybervictimization by comparing pre-pandemic and post-pandemic data. The findings suggest that while routines have not significantly changed and cybervictimization rates have remained relatively stable, routine activity theory still effectively predicts cybercrime. Possible explanations for these results include increased","qid":9,"docid":"gjdza9bh","rank":56,"score":6.545400142669678},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, principles from clinical and public health ethics guide clinicians and administrators in caring for frail older adults who wish to avoid critical care or when it is not available due to crisis triaging. The COVID-19 Ethical Decision Making Framework in British Columbia, Canada, outlines how ethical principles can drive systems change for the benefit of frail older adults. The healthcare system in BC offers resources for proactive advance care planning discussions and enhanced supportive","qid":9,"docid":"y8zosieg","rank":57,"score":6.545399188995361},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical and public health ethics principles guide healthcare decisions for frail older adults, who may prefer to avoid critical care or when it's not available due to crisis triaging. The COVID-19 Ethical Decision Making Framework in British Columbia helps integrate ethical principles into systems change for the benefit of frail older adults. The healthcare system in British Columbia offers resources for proactive advance care planning and enhanced supportive and palliative care options in long","qid":9,"docid":"yj2wrr9t","rank":58,"score":6.545398235321045},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of accurately interpreting epidemic curves of COVID-19, but notes that data quality can be an issue due to misclassification errors in identifying true cases. The authors used data from Alberta, Canada and assumed perfect sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests based on other jurisdictions and similar viruses. They recalculated epidemic curves with these assumptions and found that bias in shape and peak of the curves can be significant if sensitivity is poor.","qid":9,"docid":"hsr2ue28","rank":59,"score":6.533299922943115},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges in predicting the spread and lethality of COVID-19 in Brazil due to various reporting techniques and issues like underreporting and budget constraints. The author aims to understand the impact of lifting lockdowns in Brazil on the virus's evolution using the SEIR model with an on\/off strategy and a neural regressor. They also plan to use features linked to COVID-19 lethality from clinical studies for a robust assessment.","qid":9,"docid":"zhcamsqa","rank":60,"score":6.50029993057251},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant shift in food spending in Canada, with approximately 30% of food dollars previously spent on food away from home now being spent at retail.","qid":9,"docid":"lz0chxab","rank":61,"score":6.48330020904541},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to cause a significant decrease in global trade, with agricultural trade being less affected due to its low income elasticities of demand. However, a decline of 12-20% in real trade value is anticipated. Canada's agricultural exports will be impacted unevenly, with cereals facing the least impact due to potential wheat export bans from Russia and Kazakhstan. Livestock, pulses, and horticulture are","qid":9,"docid":"p7ig5rw2","rank":62,"score":6.466300010681152},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected marginalized populations in the United States, including workers of color, individuals from low-income backgrounds, and women. This essay discusses how these groups are overrepresented in sectors most impacted by the pandemic and lack access to decent work. Low-income workers performing essential tasks face economic and work-related implications. Asian Americans are experiencing increased discrimination. Women are dealing with role conflict and stress from managing additional un","qid":9,"docid":"lc4q55ei","rank":63,"score":6.464200019836426},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated labor market inequalities, particularly for marginalized populations in the US, including workers of color, low-income individuals, and women. This essay discusses the disproportionate representation of these groups in sectors most affected by the pandemic, the lack of decent work and increased discrimination for essential low-income workers, and the role conflict and stress for women managing additional unpaid work. The essay calls for research from vocational","qid":9,"docid":"yvnjspsc","rank":64,"score":6.464199066162109},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on older adults in Canada and globally. In response, the Canadian Association on Gerontology\/L\u2019Association canadienne de g\u00e9rontologie (CAG\/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging\/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA\/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of their members and readers. They highlight the intricate ways COVID-19 affects older adults at individual","qid":9,"docid":"4kojv5pv","rank":65,"score":6.426400184631348},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on older adults in Canada and globally. In response, the Canadian Association on Gerontology\/L'Association canadienne de g\u00e9rontologie (CAG\/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging\/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA\/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of their members and readers. They highlight the intricate ways COVID-19 affects older adults at individual","qid":9,"docid":"fbq90100","rank":66,"score":6.426399230957031},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential dangers of relying solely on epidemic curves of COVID-19 cases, as the accuracy of testing data can significantly impact their reliability. The authors used data from Alberta, Canada and assumed a best-case scenario of testing sensitivity and specificity ranging from 60-95%. They recalculated epidemic curves based on these assumptions and found that bias in shape and peak of the curves can be significant if sensitivity is poor. Early in","qid":9,"docid":"3p9yc6ti","rank":67,"score":6.424699783325195},{"content":"A study described the use of syndromic surveillance through web and phone-based polling to track COVID-19 symptoms and testing in Canada. Over March-April 2020, 1.6% of daily respondents, 15% of Ontario households, and 44% of Canada-wide respondents reported having a symptom. Only 2-9% of symptomatic responses reported getting tested for SARS-CoV-2.","qid":9,"docid":"cxoom0tu","rank":68,"score":6.42080020904541},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has led to a rapid shift to online learning, creating a sellers' market in education technology. Commercial digital learning platforms have rushed to provide solutions, sometimes for free. However, this paper raises concerns about the potential problems arising from the hasty adoption of these solutions, which may prioritize business models over pedagogical practices. The paper also critiques the notion that education can be fixed with technology and warns against the educationalization of societal problems. Educ","qid":9,"docid":"ybpy2t64","rank":69,"score":6.377600193023682},{"content":"The study used a transmission model to assess the impact of physical distancing measures on COVID-19 cases and mortality in Ontario, Canada. The results showed that without physical distancing, mortality would have been 4.6 times higher. Relaxing distancing measures could lead to a resurgence of the disease, quickly exceeding ICU capacity. Maintaining distancing for a longer period allowed for the initial wave to subside but the level of contacts post-distancing","qid":9,"docid":"bp2ilntr","rank":70,"score":6.373199939727783},{"content":"Experts discuss the timeline for social distancing to effectively reduce the spread of COVID-19 in Canada. They suggest that it may take several weeks to see a noticeable impact, as the incubation period for the virus is around 14 days. Additionally, it's important to maintain these measures even after cases begin to decline to prevent a potential second wave. Overall, social distancing is a crucial part of Canada's response to the pandemic, but patience and continued ad","qid":9,"docid":"ag6gwy74","rank":71,"score":6.372799873352051},{"content":"Experts discuss the timeline for social distancing to effectively reduce the spread of COVID-19 in Canada. They suggest that it may take several weeks to see a noticeable impact, as the virus has a long incubation period and social distancing measures need time to break the chain of transmission. However, adherence to these measures is crucial to eventually controlling the outbreak. The length of the response depends on various factors, including the stringency of the measures, the public's","qid":9,"docid":"wb32j7s0","rank":72,"score":6.372798919677734},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare services, including oral and maxillofacial surgery. In response, a virtual OMS COVID-19 Response Conference was held on April 9, 2020, organized by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and administrators to discuss the effects of the pandemic on the specialty. This report summarizes the current opinions and management strategies shared by experts in the field during the conference.","qid":9,"docid":"h8txyoj3","rank":73,"score":6.370999813079834},{"content":"The article by Gopalan and Misra provides an informative summary of the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The authors discuss the socio-economic and medical impacts of the epidemic, including the effects on jobs, businesses, transportation, travel, and the resulting decrease in the country's GDP. Daily wagers and local business personnel have been disproportionately affected.","qid":9,"docid":"380sajt9","rank":74,"score":6.364099979400635},{"content":"A study conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to determine the impact of social media on self-reported mental health and the spread of panic. An online questionnaire was administered to 516 social media users, and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that social media significantly spreads fear and panic related to COVID-19, with a potential negative influence on mental health. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic","qid":9,"docid":"8r0orhkm","rank":75,"score":6.360599994659424},{"content":"A study conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to determine the impact of social media on self-reported mental health and the spread of panic. An online questionnaire was administered to 516 social media users, and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that social media significantly spreads fear and panic related to COVID-19, with a potential negative influence on mental health. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic","qid":9,"docid":"fjss4e92","rank":76,"score":6.360599040985107},{"content":"This paper explores how the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging traditional masculine leadership representations through news and social media discourse. The author, using a feminist poststructuralist perspective, observes Canadian and international female leaders demonstrating resilience, emotion, and vulnerability during uncertain times. The author also reflects on their personal experiences and sensemaking. They are hopeful that gender roles are being disrupted and traditional \"business as usual\" concepts are being questioned.","qid":9,"docid":"uoxn740r","rank":77,"score":6.360099792480469},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted psychiatric training by altering the way psychiatry is practiced and trainees are taught. This Open Forum discusses the challenges faced by psychiatric training directors in adult and child and adolescent psychiatry in ensuring the educational needs of trainees are met during the crisis. Strategies include prioritizing trainee protection and education, expanding telepsychiatry, making curricular adjustments, and focusing on trainee well-being","qid":9,"docid":"4jgjw56d","rank":78,"score":6.351399898529053},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted psychiatric training by altering clinical care, teaching methods, and trainee well-being. This Open Forum discusses the challenges faced by psychiatric training directors in adult and child psychiatry in addressing trainees' educational needs during the crisis. Strategies include prioritizing trainee protection and education, expanding telepsychiatry, making curricular adjustments, and emphasizing well-being. The authors reflect on these experiences and offer","qid":9,"docid":"a3z050go","rank":79,"score":6.351398944854736},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted Italy and its healthcare system, with Urology being one of the affected specialties. This passage shares the experience of a Roman University hospital in managing the crisis and offers suggestions for other global hospitals. The Urological community responded to the emergency, and this account aims to provide insights and guidance.","qid":9,"docid":"2tqxj0ua","rank":80,"score":6.342299938201904},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted Italy and its healthcare system, with Urology being one of the affected specialties. This passage shares the experience of a Roman University hospital in managing the crisis, detailing the challenges faced and the responses from the Urological scientific community. The goal is to offer suggestions for other global hospitals in dealing with the COVID-19 emergency.","qid":9,"docid":"j5sb8cvl","rank":81,"score":6.342298984527588},{"content":"The passage discusses the significant public health threat posed by chronic diseases in Canada, specifically respiratory diseases which affect one in five Canadians and lead to the most repeat hospitalizations. The historical understanding of health has evolved to prioritize public health perspectives over medical interventions. Key Canadian events, such as the Lalonde and Epp reports and the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, have influenced this shift. The profession of respiratory therapy is being pressured to adopt","qid":9,"docid":"7n8rrvrs","rank":82,"score":6.340700149536133},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous trade-offs in countries worldwide, with health economics methods seeing limited use in the UK and Canada. This passage suggests three areas where health economics could make a significant impact: assessing the effect of lockdown policies on national productivity, studying trade-offs in enhancing health system capacity and financing, and evaluating access to testing and ventilators. The author advocates for a more prominent role for health economics in pandemic policy-making.","qid":9,"docid":"llpb13t6","rank":83,"score":6.330399990081787},{"content":"The passage describes a mathematical model used to evaluate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. The study compared a base case with limited interventions to scenarios with enhanced case finding, restrictive social distancing, or a combination of both. The results showed that all interventions delayed and reduced the height of the epidemic peak, with restrictive social distancing having the greatest effect. Longer duration interventions and dynamic interventions were","qid":9,"docid":"e4pr78n0","rank":84,"score":6.276400089263916},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to an expansion of pharmacists' roles in various countries, as outlined in this paper. Through a literature review, the article identifies several legal extensions in Europe, Canada, and the United States. Pharmacists have been authorized to prepare disinfectants, renew prescriptions, administer vaccines, and perform screening tests. Additionally, the use of virtual consultations, e-prescriptions, and home delivery has been facilitated to promote social dist","qid":9,"docid":"bec2onjt","rank":85,"score":6.266600131988525},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to an expansion of pharmacists' roles in various countries, as outlined in this paper. Through a literature review, the article discusses how European countries, Canada, and the United States have granted pharmacists new authorities. These extensions include preparing disinfectants, renewing prescriptions, administering vaccines, and conducting screenings. Additionally, the use of virtual consultations, e-prescriptions, and home delivery has been facilitated to promote","qid":9,"docid":"qheq9lc8","rank":86,"score":6.266599178314209},{"content":"This study investigates the relationship between quarantine experiences, attitudes towards COVID-19, and mental health in China using a cross-sectional online survey and quantile regression analysis. The findings suggest that home self-quarantine is linked to decreased depression and increased happiness, while community-level quarantine is associated with decreased happiness, particularly for those in the lower happiness quantile. Favorable attitudes towards COVID-19, including confidence in real-time updates and epid","qid":9,"docid":"2pcc8dmt","rank":87,"score":6.250400066375732},{"content":"Canada and the international community have been preparing for an influenza pandemic, with a focus on H5N1 avian influenza. Canada has invested in research, public health, and healthcare system readiness in response to potential pandemics. The current H1N1\/09 influenza pandemic is testing this preparedness. From a research standpoint, the article discusses how preparations have been made and identifies research gaps. The unpredictability of pandemic sources, the value of","qid":9,"docid":"nwwkw2iq","rank":88,"score":6.2357001304626465},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women experienced higher levels of prenatal distress and psychiatric symptomatology compared to a pre-pandemic cohort. A study involving 1754 pregnant women, recruited before (n=496) and during (n=1258) the pandemic, used the Kessler Distress Scale, Post-traumatic Checklist for DSM-5, Dissociative Experiences","qid":9,"docid":"8wb6u7dc","rank":89,"score":6.234000205993652},{"content":"The article analyzes Italian COVID-19 data from February 24 to March 29, 2020, at the regional level using statistical tests and network-based analysis. Regions were grouped based on similarity or dissimilarity in ten types of COVID-19 data, creating similarity matrices. These matrices were transformed into networks with nodes as regions and edges representing similarity relationships. Community detection algorithms were used to discover communities of regions with similar behavior.","qid":9,"docid":"ncenvbbc","rank":90,"score":6.228499889373779},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on operative time, operating room time, transfer time, and skin incision to delivery time in cesarean sections. Forty-two cesarean sections were analyzed, with longer operating room time in COVID-19 confirmed or suspected women (90 [73.0-110.0] minutes versus 6","qid":9,"docid":"mtap0bkz","rank":91,"score":6.221199989318848},{"content":"The article discusses the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) on filter use and requirements in Canada. It covers the epidemiology of SARS in Canada, barrier use, and containment strategies for respiratory equipment and procedures. The article concludes with changes in practice and regulations since SARS and suggestions for improvement.","qid":9,"docid":"mh23h29f","rank":92,"score":6.218299865722656},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women experienced higher levels of prenatal distress and psychiatric symptomatology compared to a pre-pandemic cohort. A study involving 1754 pregnant women found significant differences between the two groups, with the COVID-19 cohort reporting increased depressive and anxiety symptoms, dissociative symptoms, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and negative affectivity, while having less positive affectivity. Women","qid":9,"docid":"9ub8fgvu","rank":93,"score":6.202499866485596},{"content":"Mosquito-borne diseases in Canada, such as West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, and California serogroup viruses, have seen a 10% increase in incidence over the past 20 years due to climate change. This trend is expected to continue as climate change affects mosquito lifecycles and transmission patterns, expanding their range and increasing the duration of transmission seasons. The complex transmission cycles of these diseases, involving multiple reserv","qid":9,"docid":"vyfg6c9d","rank":94,"score":6.198400020599365},{"content":"In March 2003, countries affected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) implemented measures such as information dissemination, early case detection and isolation, contact tracing and quarantining, traveler screening, and public awareness. China made SARS a notifiable disease in mid-April and contained the outbreak within two months through efficient nationwide control measures. The timeliness and enforcement of these measures varied among countries, with China","qid":9,"docid":"1ocg0gj3","rank":95,"score":6.173600196838379},{"content":"The veterinary profession in the UK has been significantly affected by Covid-19, with particular implications for students. An investigation by Alexia Yiannouli explores the impact.","qid":9,"docid":"gxqofw8x","rank":96,"score":6.1616997718811035},{"content":"South Africa, with the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Africa, faces unique challenges due to local historic, health, and socio-environmental factors. Differences in demographic features, health histories, healthcare systems, infection rates, and national responses make each country's epidemic distinct within the global pandemic. The ongoing HIV and TB epidemics in South Africa could influence the COVID-19 response and outcomes. Overcoming the public health threats of COVID-","qid":9,"docid":"2kyeiima","rank":97,"score":6.160900115966797},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges and responses in different countries due to local factors. South Africa, with the highest number of diagnosed COVID-19 cases on the African continent, is at high risk and faces additional challenges due to its ongoing HIV and TB epidemics. This commentary explores the public health response to COVID-19 in South Africa, the influence of HIV and TB epidemics, and potential consequences.","qid":9,"docid":"dau5bs2x","rank":98,"score":6.1608991622924805},{"content":"The passage discusses a statistical and network analysis of Italian COVID-19 data from February 24 to March 29, 2020. The analysis identified similar or dissimilar regions based on ten types of COVID-19 data using statistical tests. Similarity matrices were then transformed into networks with nodes representing Italian regions and edges representing similarity relationships. Community detection algorithms were applied to discover communities of regions with similar behavior. The analysis revealed how regions formed and dissolved communities","qid":9,"docid":"6n88mcbf","rank":99,"score":6.147500038146973},{"content":"A study using artificial intelligence and three approaches - Bayesian SIR, Kalman filter, and machine learning - to investigate the impact of physical distancing policies on the second wave of Covid-19 infections in North America (USA, Canada, and Sweden). Findings suggest that policy interventions led to a drop in effective growth rate of infections, with the USA and Canada showing a sharper decrease than Sweden. By mid-June, the USA is predicted to have close to two","qid":9,"docid":"6ar58ea6","rank":100,"score":6.145100116729736}]}
{"query":"are patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) at increased risk for COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the potential connection between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blockers in children, who are uniquely impacted by COVID-19 but the reasons are unclear. The concern arises from the fact that the coronavirus binds to ACE2, a crucial component of","qid":20,"docid":"ohj6misb","rank":1,"score":20.208099365234375},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing debate about the safety of using renin-angiotensin system blockers, such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns arose due to the role of the ACE2 protein as the receptor for the coronavirus and the potential upregulation of ACE2 by these medications. However, the evidence is not clear-cut, as","qid":20,"docid":"axvti3jw","rank":2,"score":20.13960075378418},{"content":"The passage discusses the high prevalence of hypertension in COVID-19 patients and its connection to increased mortality risk. Geographical discrepancies in COVID-19 infection may be explained by variations in the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) system. Animal studies suggest the ACE2 receptor as a potential entry point for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Concerns have been raised about the use of","qid":20,"docid":"ih8oxr40","rank":3,"score":20.082799911499023},{"content":"The debate surrounding the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs for hypertension management during COVID-19 infection is ongoing. While these medications may theoretically increase ACE2 receptor expression and viral load due to the receptor's role in COVID-19 infection, common dietary interventions, vitamins, and nutrients can also increase ACE2 receptor expression. These include Vitamin C, Metformin, Resveratrol, Vit","qid":20,"docid":"ux844b25","rank":4,"score":20.066200256347656},{"content":"The consensus statement recommends that patients with COVID-19 continuing to take Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) is safe, based on current evidence. Patients should not stop these medications unless there is a clinical reason to do so.","qid":20,"docid":"53107z56","rank":5,"score":19.743600845336914},{"content":"The passage is a consensus statement recommending that COVID-19 patients on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) should continue using these medications, as there is no evidence to suggest an increased risk for adverse outcomes.","qid":20,"docid":"z3l6eden","rank":6,"score":19.74359893798828},{"content":"ACEIs and ARBs, used to treat heart and blood pressure conditions, may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients due to an increase in ACE2 receptors in experimental animals. These receptors act as binding sites for the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the lungs.","qid":20,"docid":"240jc7l4","rank":7,"score":19.69409942626953},{"content":"The passage discusses a review of studies comparing the efficacy and side effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) in managing hypertension. The review finds that while both classes of medications have similar efficacy, ARBs have fewer adverse effects. Therefore, the authors suggest that ACE inhibitors should not be used for hypertension treatment due to their greater side","qid":20,"docid":"r426u5dz","rank":8,"score":19.537700653076172},{"content":"A national study evaluated the association of ACE inhibitors and ARBs with COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality among individuals with hypertension. In two cohorts, outpatient and inpatient, the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs was not significantly associated with the risk of hospitalization or mortality. However, in the Medicare population, there was a nearly 40% lower risk of hospitalization with the use of ACE inhibitors. Further","qid":20,"docid":"roj3om68","rank":9,"score":19.51959991455078},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells by binding to ACE2, leading to debate about the safety of RAAS blockade. However, several observational studies suggest no increased risk for COVID-19 patients on RAAS blockade, and the Swedish Society of Hypert","qid":20,"docid":"jyfcpsu6","rank":10,"score":19.341100692749023},{"content":"The study found that urinary Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity and protein levels were significantly higher in renal transplant patients compared to healthy controls. Transplant patients with diabetes had even higher urinary ACE2 levels than non-diabetics, while urinary ACE activity and protein were also increased in diabetic transplant subjects. After adjusting for confounding variables, diabetes was associated with increased urinary ACE2 activity","qid":20,"docid":"r8fmq65g","rank":11,"score":19.14940071105957},{"content":"Five studies found no link between using ACE inhibitors or ARBs and an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe disease, or in-hospital death among COVID-19 patients.","qid":20,"docid":"nxrg9fi6","rank":12,"score":19.144800186157227},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19, specifically the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and its impact on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. The ACE-1\u2013angiotensin II\u2013angiotensin AT(1) receptor pathway contributes to the pathophysiology","qid":20,"docid":"6cxndab8","rank":13,"score":19.12969970703125},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19, specifically the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and its impact on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. The ACE-1-angiotensin II-angiotensin AT1 receptor pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of AR","qid":20,"docid":"f48gflvs","rank":14,"score":19.129697799682617},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in significant global mortality and economic losses. Many COVID-19 patients have cardiovascular comorbidities and are taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). There is ongoing debate in the scientific community about whether these drugs increase the risk of COVID","qid":20,"docid":"0x02bmti","rank":15,"score":18.958099365234375},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) concentrations and the use of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors in heart failure patients, who are at higher risk for COVID-19. The study included 1485 men and 537 women in the index cohort and 1123 men and 575 women in","qid":20,"docid":"4hz2yyl5","rank":16,"score":18.89590072631836},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) concentrations and the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors in heart failure patients, who are at higher risk for COVID-19. The study included 1485 men and 537 women in the index cohort and 1123 men and 575 women in","qid":20,"docid":"8d6xxjgu","rank":17,"score":18.895898818969727},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hypertension, and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in children. The concern arises from the fact that COVID-19 binds to ACE2, a component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.","qid":20,"docid":"uu1jml2c","rank":18,"score":18.77039909362793},{"content":"The article discusses the controversy surrounding the use of Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA) in patients with COVID-19. Some suggest these drugs may worsen the outcome of the virus, but there is a lack of clinical evidence to support this hypothesis. The opposite view, that stopping these medications may increase adverse outcomes, is also presented.","qid":20,"docid":"i7scw9mu","rank":19,"score":18.720199584960938},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or ACE inhibitors on COVID-19 in patients with hypertension. The study involved 126 patients with COVID-19 and hypertension, 43 of whom were on ARBs\/ACE inhibitors, and 83 were not. Age- and sex-matched patients without hypertension and 1942 hy","qid":20,"docid":"bwfrjrr9","rank":20,"score":18.71940040588379},{"content":"A systematic review of eight studies examined the clinical outcomes and mortality of COVID-19 patients using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). Findings were conflicting, with some studies reporting lower severe outcomes and mortality in ACEI\/ARB users, while others reported higher rates. One large study raised concerns with worse mortality outcomes in patients on ACEI\/ARB. The continued use of","qid":20,"docid":"a0asoy8j","rank":21,"score":18.595800399780273},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, which is expressed on various cell types including cardiac, renal, intestinal, and endothelial cells. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for cardiovascular therap","qid":20,"docid":"6w13xo2a","rank":22,"score":18.442699432373047},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, which is expressed on various cell types including cardiac, renal, intestinal, and endothelial cells. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for cardiovascular therap","qid":20,"docid":"ppo3ryi5","rank":23,"score":18.442697525024414},{"content":"A study of 1200 COVID-19 patients in two UK hospitals found no evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), commonly used for hypertension and diabetes, increase the risk of severe infection. The odds ratio for severe COVID-19 in patients on ACEi\/ARB was 0.63, suggesting a potential protective effect, but further research","qid":20,"docid":"aj1yup6a","rank":24,"score":18.420499801635742},{"content":"The SARS-CoV2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has spread globally and led to many deaths. The virus enters cells through the ACE2 receptor, which is part of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and is expressed in several organs. ACE2 converts Ang II to Ang (1-7), which has vasodilation effects. Comorbid conditions like cardiovascular disease, hypertension,","qid":20,"docid":"7gasxvwd","rank":25,"score":18.415300369262695},{"content":"The passage discusses the hypothesis that use of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II type\u00ad1 receptor blockers (ARBs), commonly prescribed drugs for arterial hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 due to their effect of increasing ACE2 expression, the cell entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2. However","qid":20,"docid":"3l1nru0l","rank":26,"score":18.388500213623047},{"content":"The passage discusses the hypothesis that use of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers (ARBs), commonly prescribed drugs for arterial hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 due to their ability to increase expression of angiotensin-converting enace 2 (ACE2), the cell entry","qid":20,"docid":"d9wfmvp8","rank":27,"score":18.24650001525879},{"content":"A retrospective study of 511 COVID-19 patients found that elderly patients with hypertension comorbidity who took Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) before hospitalization had a significantly decreased risk of severe disease (OR=0.343, 95% CI 0.128-0.916, p=0.025). A meta-analysis also showed that ARB use","qid":20,"docid":"o0ot59di","rank":28,"score":18.227699279785156},{"content":"A population-based study in Lombardy, Italy, matched 6272 Covid-19 patients with 30,759 controls to examine the association between the use of angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting\u2013enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Covid-19 risk. Both case patients and controls had similar mean ages and were mostly female. Case patients had a worse clinical profile and","qid":20,"docid":"1pahpghb","rank":29,"score":18.22170066833496},{"content":"A study in the Lombardy region of Italy examined the association between the use of angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the risk of Covid-19. The study was a population-based case-control analysis with 6272 case patients and 30,759 controls. The use of ARBs or ACE inhibitors did not show","qid":20,"docid":"3twud97m","rank":30,"score":18.221698760986328},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, increases morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to the virus's use of the ACE2 receptor to infect host cells. ACE inhibitors and ARBs improve CVD outcomes but may worsen infection in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the effect of ACE inhibitor-induced bradykinin on the","qid":20,"docid":"795u01zb","rank":31,"score":18.132200241088867},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, increases morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to the virus's use of the ACE2 receptor to infect host cells. ACE inhibitors and ARBs improve CVD outcomes but may worsen infection in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the effect of ACE inhibitor-induced bradykinin on the","qid":20,"docid":"za4x9igf","rank":32,"score":18.132198333740234},{"content":"The study analyzed data from two hospitals to identify factors increasing the risk of death for COVID-19 patients, specifically focusing on neurological diseases. A multivariate logistic analysis revealed age and chronic lung disease, as well as Alzheimer's dementia, were significant predictors of non-survival. Other conditions like hypertension, coronary vascular disease, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, ARBs or A","qid":20,"docid":"2530zdeq","rank":33,"score":18.10569953918457},{"content":"The study analyzed data from two hospitals to identify factors increasing the risk of death for COVID-19 patients, specifically focusing on neurological diseases. A multivariate logistic analysis revealed age and chronic lung disease, as well as Alzheimer's dementia, were significant predictors of non-survival. Other conditions like hypertension, coronary vascular disease, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, ARBs or A","qid":20,"docid":"z5uf591v","rank":34,"score":18.105697631835938},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, enters cells through ACE2 receptors. ACE2 regulates two pathways in the renin angiotensin system (RAS), with downregulation leading to increased lipid storage and obesity through the ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis. Obesity also increases systemic RAS and activates the proinflammatory, profibrotic, pro","qid":20,"docid":"bsz7ezzi","rank":35,"score":18.028499603271484},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, enters cells through ACE2 receptors. ACE2 regulates two pathways in the renin angiotensin system (RAS), with downregulation leading to increased lipid storage and obesity through the ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis. Obesity also increases systemic RAS and activates the proinflammatory, profibrotic, pro","qid":20,"docid":"qrsqk2fc","rank":36,"score":18.02849769592285},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential relationship between high blood pressure, comorbidities, and the susceptibility to and mortality from COVID-19. It mentions the hypothesis that excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) could contribute to COVID-19 related lung injury, leading to concerns about the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors due","qid":20,"docid":"ynias4ga","rank":37,"score":18.0226993560791},{"content":"Patients with diabetes face a higher risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19 due to impaired immune response, heightened inflammation, and hypercoagulable state. However, there are unanswered questions regarding the effects of different anti-hyperglycaemic drugs and the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in these patients. The role of ACE2 in lung injury and the conflicting results regarding its use in COVID-19 patients","qid":20,"docid":"4ti8l2ea","rank":38,"score":17.984899520874023},{"content":"Patients with diabetes face increased risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19 due to impaired immune response, heightened inflammation, and hypercoagulable state. However, there are unanswered questions regarding the effects of different anti-hyperglycaemic drugs and the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in these patients. The role of ACE2 in lung injury and COVID-19 is recognized, but results regarding the use of these","qid":20,"docid":"sjcadz5j","rank":39,"score":17.98489761352539},{"content":"The study assessed the relationship between previous use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics and the likelihood of testing positive for Covid-19 or developing severe illness among patients with positive results. Using Bayesian methods, the study found no substantial increase in the likelihood of a positive test or in the risk of severe illness associated with any of these medication classes.","qid":20,"docid":"fskfnmig","rank":40,"score":17.85650062561035},{"content":"The study assessed the relationship between previous use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics and the likelihood of testing positive for Covid-19 or developing severe illness among patients with positive results. Using Bayesian methods, the study found no substantial increase in the likelihood of a positive test or in the risk of severe illness associated with any of these medication classes.","qid":20,"docid":"oapjfamm","rank":41,"score":17.85649871826172},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers (ARBs), in hypertension management due to the observed dysfunction of the RAS in COVID-19 patients. The relationship between RAS inhibitors and improved or worse clinical outcomes in","qid":20,"docid":"vv9ssqb8","rank":42,"score":17.854299545288086},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers (ARBs), in hypertension management due to the observed dysfunction of the RAS in COVID-19 patients. The relationship between RAS inhibitors and improved or worse clinical outcomes in","qid":20,"docid":"wumtwdi5","rank":43,"score":17.854297637939453},{"content":"Patients with heart failure are more susceptible to COVID-19 and experience more severe symptoms. Myocardial injury, indicated by increased troponin levels, occurs in up to 35% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly those who are critically ill or have concurrent cardiac disease. Mechanisms contributing to myocardial injury include fever, tachycardia, adrenergic stimulation, inflammation, and endotheliitis","qid":20,"docid":"17hyh3n5","rank":44,"score":17.852699279785156},{"content":"Patients with heart failure are more susceptible to COVID-19 and experience more severe symptoms. Myocardial injury, indicated by increased troponin levels, occurs in up to 35% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly those who are critically ill or have concurrent cardiac disease. Mechanisms contributing to myocardial injury include fever, tachycardia, adrenergic stimulation, inflammation, and endotheliitis","qid":20,"docid":"5svfhlzh","rank":45,"score":17.852697372436523},{"content":"This study reveals that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which opposes the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by inactivating angiotensin II and generating vasodilatory angiotensin(1\u20137), circulates in human plasma but its activity is inhibited by an endogenous inhibitor. The inhibitor is small, hydrophilic, and cationic,","qid":20,"docid":"rq94lma3","rank":46,"score":17.678600311279297},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular conditions, specifically focusing on the role of the angiotensin 2 converting enzyme (ACE 2) as the virus receptor and its connection to the cardiovascular system and blood pressure. There is ongoing debate about the management of ACE inhibitors (ACE-i) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in infected patients and those at risk","qid":20,"docid":"43th3c20","rank":47,"score":17.66469955444336},{"content":"A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 studies with 157,328 patients found no increased risk of COVID-19 infection or severity with Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) use. However, ACEI\/ARBs use was associated with a lower risk of death from COVID-19 (Adjusted OR: 0.","qid":20,"docid":"7necpu7c","rank":48,"score":17.506999969482422},{"content":"The passage discusses a review focusing on the connection between COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, as well as how age and comorbidities influence the disease's prognosis. The article delves into the potential impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists on COVID-19 risk and progression, and the effect of the","qid":20,"docid":"04h53wjz","rank":49,"score":17.499900817871094},{"content":"The passage discusses a review on the role of age, comorbidities, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis in the unfavorable prognosis of COVID-19. The review also explores the potential effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists on COVID-19 risk and progression, as well as the impact of SARS","qid":20,"docid":"8nn7lja8","rank":50,"score":17.49989891052246},{"content":"A rapid response published in the European Heart Journal suggested that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors could be a risk factor for severe COVID-19 by up-regulating ACE2. This hypothesis sparked concerns among physicians and patients. However, this article aims to provide insight into the known and unknown interactions between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and SARS-CoV","qid":20,"docid":"vzwsgfn9","rank":51,"score":17.475799560546875},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without a history of cardiovascular disease. The study involved 2572 participants from the NEFRONA study, including a control group, CKD3-5, and CKD5D. Circulating ACE2 activity was lower in CKD3-5 and CK","qid":20,"docid":"nxx22lcu","rank":52,"score":17.41950035095215},{"content":"A study analyzed the impact of Ramipril, a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor, on the risk of COVID-19 in high-risk patients after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement. As of April 1, 2020, 102 patients (50 on Ramipril and 52 in the control group) were included, with a mean age of 8","qid":20,"docid":"67psg92z","rank":53,"score":17.2007999420166},{"content":"A study analyzed the impact of Ramipril, a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor, on the risk of COVID-19 in high-risk patients after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement. As of April 1, 2020, 102 patients (50 on Ramipril and 52 in the control group) were included, with a mean age of 8","qid":20,"docid":"uxv06hen","rank":54,"score":17.20079803466797},{"content":"The passage discusses a mathematical model created to understand the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The model, which reproduces the effects of various RAS-blocking drugs without adjusting parameters, was used to analyze the downregulation of ACE2 due to viral load and the effects of different drugs, including ARB, on RAS dysregulation in COVID-19 patients. The findings","qid":20,"docid":"ble3xfa3","rank":55,"score":17.197500228881836},{"content":"A study was conducted to assess the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the normal and diabetic rodent retina and its modulation by ACE inhibition. The results showed that ACE mRNA levels were decreased in the diabetic retina, but ACE2 mRNA levels were not significantly changed. ACE2 protein was localized predominantly to the inner nuclear layer (INL) and photore","qid":20,"docid":"ufvn688w","rank":56,"score":17.194799423217773},{"content":"This study aimed to determine if the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) increases the risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and related hospitalization outcomes. Using electronic health records from Spain and the United States, the study identified over 1.1 million antihypertensive users and conducted a systematic cohort study. The results showed no significant difference in COVID-19 diagnosis risk","qid":20,"docid":"7jzsj3xl","rank":57,"score":17.166400909423828},{"content":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) serves as the entry receptor for the COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2. Contradictory relationships exist between ACE 2 expression and COVID-19: increased expression may increase the risk of infection, while decreased expression during the disease leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome. This article reviews current knowledge on ACE 2's role in","qid":20,"docid":"y94y4v58","rank":58,"score":17.159000396728516},{"content":"Meconium, a substance found in the first stools of newborns, contains pancreatic digestive enzymes that may cause lung injury. Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a protective lung enzyme, was found to be degraded by meconium through the action of proteolytic enzymes. This degradation resulted in a fourfold increase in apoptotic nuclei and a reduction in ACE","qid":20,"docid":"ijbrhsl7","rank":59,"score":17.136499404907227},{"content":"A retrospective study examined the odds of severe COVID-19 disease in patients using Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) based on data from the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Corona Center. Among 611 COVID-19 patients, 165 had severe disease, and among those with hypertension (n=249), ACEi exposure","qid":20,"docid":"3qs8mnf1","rank":60,"score":17.120500564575195},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to identify the odds of severe COVID-19 disease in patients using Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) based on data from the \u0130stanbul Faculty of Medicine Corona Center between March 9 and May 11, 2020. Among 611 patients, 165 had severe disease, and among those","qid":20,"docid":"z82u8dik","rank":61,"score":17.120498657226562},{"content":"A meta-analysis of five studies with a total of 1480 patients with COVID-19 found that those on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) had a 44% reduction in odds of developing severe disease and a 62% reduction in odds of death compared to those not on these medications. The reduction in odds of hospitalization was non-significant. The","qid":20,"docid":"dwcu6vyp","rank":62,"score":17.0841007232666},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in managing hypertension and chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to current guidelines, patients should continue taking these medications without interruption. ACEIs and ARBs have similar efficacy in decreasing blood pressure and improving outcomes such as all-cause mortality, card","qid":20,"docid":"7lonkj5p","rank":63,"score":17.072999954223633},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for managing hypertension and chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to professional health organizations, there is no evidence to stop using these medications. ACEIs and ARBs have similar efficacy in decreasing blood pressure and improving outcomes. ACEIs are associated with cough","qid":20,"docid":"kxtxzt9f","rank":64,"score":17.072998046875},{"content":"The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a significant role in cardiovascular regulation, with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) being a key player. A new homologue of ACE, ACE2, has been discovered and may act as a negative regulator of ACE. ACE2 hydrolyzes various peptide substrates, including apelins and bradykinin. The interplay between ACE","qid":20,"docid":"6xlb7bfa","rank":65,"score":17.069299697875977},{"content":"The study analyzed data from 8910 hospitalized Covid-19 patients between December 2019 and March 2020, finding that older age, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and current smoking were independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death. Contrary to concerns, the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs was not associated with an","qid":20,"docid":"4rgwfmht","rank":66,"score":17.014999389648438},{"content":"The study analyzed data from 8910 hospitalized Covid-19 patients between December 2019 and March 2020, and found that older age, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and current smoking were independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death. However, the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs was not associated with an increased risk of","qid":20,"docid":"h1mo3bs8","rank":67,"score":17.014997482299805},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and neprilysin (NEP) in processing angiotensin peptides Ang I and Ang II into vasodilatory peptide Ang(1\u20137) using mass spectroscopy. ACE2 activity was detected in kidney and brain, but not in plasma, with the highest activity in the hypothalamus. ACE","qid":20,"docid":"7tg62meg","rank":68,"score":17.001100540161133},{"content":"The study investigated the relationship between the use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and the number of Covid-19 confirmed cases and deaths in the US. Using geospatial analysis and county-level data, the researchers found no association between ACEI use and Covid-19 confirmed case rate. However, an average ACEI use was linked to a higher","qid":20,"docid":"34uorjgw","rank":69,"score":16.99850082397461},{"content":"Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a membrane-bound dipeptidase that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, playing a key role in blood pressure regulation. Inhibitors of ACE can treat hypertension. This article discusses ACE's structure-function relationship, gene polymorphism, and inhibitor development. The two active sites of somatic ACE have different catalytic mechanisms, suggesting","qid":20,"docid":"hui5jaiu","rank":70,"score":16.962799072265625},{"content":"The study investigates the protective effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (Cap) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury and explores the underlying mechanisms. Rats pretreated with Cap before LPS administration showed attenuated lung injury, decreased secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and a reversed ratio of ACE to ACE2. In vit","qid":20,"docid":"mfp453tb","rank":71,"score":16.879499435424805},{"content":"Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts inactive Ang I to active Ang II, which controls blood pressure, and degrades active bradykinin. Pharmacological targeting of ACE production led to successful hypertension treatments like captopril. Research continues on domain-specific ACE inhibitors for fewer side effects. ACE2, discovered in 2000, converts Ang II into Ang(1\u20137), reducing Ang II","qid":20,"docid":"fexs1dm6","rank":72,"score":16.869600296020508},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from a study using site-directed mutagenesis to identify residues in angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE2) that affect their chloride regulation and substrate selectivity. The study revealed that Arg186, Trp279, and Arg489 in ACE and their equivalent residues in ACE2, Arg169, Trp271, and Lys","qid":20,"docid":"x21zlgyb","rank":73,"score":16.843700408935547},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant health challenge with increased risk and mortality for older adults and those with comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. The virus affects multiple organs, particularly the cardiovascular system, leading to complications such as arrhythmia, cardiac injury, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intrav","qid":20,"docid":"1aal6njl","rank":74,"score":16.824600219726562},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant health challenge with increased risk and mortality for older adults and those with comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. The virus affects multiple organs, particularly the cardiovascular system, leading to complications such as arrhythmia, cardiac injury, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intrav","qid":20,"docid":"ubhntliy","rank":75,"score":16.82459831237793},{"content":"A literature review of 12 studies on ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and their impact on ACE2 expression in COVID-19 patients was conducted. Findings from animal studies were inconsistent, with some reporting increases in ACE2 expression after acute injury models or high doses of medication. However, human studies overwhelmingly suggest that ACEI\/ARB use does not increase ACE2 expression and the","qid":20,"docid":"3ysa4twk","rank":76,"score":16.82459831237793},{"content":"A literature review of 12 studies on ACEIs and ARBs usage in COVID-19 patients found inconsistent results in animal studies regarding an increase in ACE2 expression, with most control animals showing no effect. Human studies overwhelmingly suggest that ACEI\/ARB administration does not increase ACE2 expression, and there is no evidence to support the hypothesis that their use increases the risk of complications from COVID-19. Patients should continue using these medications for approved","qid":20,"docid":"xnu55d2t","rank":77,"score":16.824596405029297},{"content":"The ACE I\/D polymorphism is an independent risk factor for mortality in ARDS patients, with the DD genotype having a hazard ratio of 5.7 for 30-day mortality. The AGT (-6)A\/G polymorphism is not associated with ARDS development or outcome.","qid":20,"docid":"uo1p1rim","rank":78,"score":16.824399948120117},{"content":"A literature review of 12 animal and 11 human studies found inconsistent results regarding ACE2 expression increase due to ACEI or ARB usage. Animal studies with acute injury models and higher doses reported increases, but human data overwhelmingly suggests no impact on ACE2 expression. Therefore, the hypothesis that ACEI\/ARB use increases ACE2 expression and COVID-19 risks is not supported by the available evidence. Patients should continue using these medications for","qid":20,"docid":"mgp38mdz","rank":79,"score":16.79050064086914},{"content":"Individuals with cardiovascular risk factors or underlying diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, or kidney disease, may be more susceptible to severe Covid-19 and higher mortality rates. However, this relationship is complicated by age and the specific type of co-morbidities. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i) or angiotensin-receptor blockers","qid":20,"docid":"nfjkcmxu","rank":80,"score":16.78260040283203},{"content":"Individuals with underlying cardiovascular risk factors or diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, or kidney disease, may be more susceptible to severe Covid-19 and higher mortality rates. However, this association is likely confounded by age and the specific type of co-morbidities. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i) or angiotensin-re","qid":20,"docid":"ym8ue50x","rank":81,"score":16.7825984954834},{"content":"The passage discusses the hypothesis that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into human cells due to the increased expression of ACE2 receptors. ACE2 receptors are abundant on type 2 pneumocytes, which are responsible for alveolar surfactant synt","qid":20,"docid":"mi0pmyo4","rank":82,"score":16.760499954223633},{"content":"This study investigated the association between in-hospital use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and all-cause mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized due to COVID-19. The retrospective analysis included 1128 patients, 188 of whom were taking ACEIs\/ARBs. After adjusting for various factors,","qid":20,"docid":"h3xwg8uy","rank":83,"score":16.744300842285156},{"content":"This study investigated the association between in-hospital use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and all-cause mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized due to COVID-19. The retrospective analysis included 1128 patients, 188 of whom were taking ACEIs\/ARBs. After adjusting for various factors,","qid":20,"docid":"zmk8bbcd","rank":84,"score":16.744298934936523},{"content":"The study investigated the effect of hyperoxia on angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Hyperoxia decreased both ACE-2 immunoreactive protein and enzyme activity, but did not alter mRNA levels. The decrease in cellular ACE-2 was accompanied by an increase in soluble ACE-2, suggesting protease-mediated ect","qid":20,"docid":"5n7hxhbg","rank":85,"score":16.73259925842285},{"content":"The passage discusses research on angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and its role in lung fibrosis. Previous studies showed that ANG II, a peptide involved in fibrosis, is expressed robustly in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and ACE-2, which degrades ANG II, is hypothesized to be protective against lung fibrogenesis. In","qid":20,"docid":"aiwuumcg","rank":86,"score":16.71780014038086},{"content":"The renin-angiotensin II system, regulating blood pressure and fluid homeostasis, has local actions and Angiotensin II (AngII) functions as an immunomodulator and profibrotic molecule. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE), responsible for AngII synthesis, is abundant in lung tissue. Studies suggest a link between ACE, AngII, and functional polymorphisms of the ACE gene","qid":20,"docid":"qjigokde","rank":87,"score":16.706600189208984},{"content":"The passage discusses the hypothesis that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into human cells due to the increased expression of ACE2 receptors. However, there is no clinical evidence to support this theory, and some studies suggest that ARBs may actually be beneficial by blocking the detr","qid":20,"docid":"mclozg5p","rank":88,"score":16.699800491333008},{"content":"This meta-analysis reviewed studies on the impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on COVID-19 outcomes, specifically comparing RAAS inhibitors to other antihypertensives. A total of 6,997 patients with COVID-19 and hypertension were included. The overall risk of poor patient outcomes was lower in those taking RAAS inhibitors (OR=0.84) compared to","qid":20,"docid":"ewf8wvge","rank":89,"score":16.68950080871582},{"content":"The BRACE CORONA trial is a randomized, phase IV study aiming to enroll 500 participants in Brazil to test the effect of continuing or temporarily discontinuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The primary outcome is the number of days alive and out of the hospital at 30 days, while","qid":20,"docid":"7byl5jre","rank":90,"score":16.689199447631836},{"content":"The BRACE CORONA trial is a randomized, phase IV clinical study aiming to enroll 500 participants in Brazil to test the effect of continuing or temporarily discontinuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in patients with COVID-19. The primary outcome measures the median days alive and out of the hospital at 30 days, while secondary outcomes include","qid":20,"docid":"ci0g1dno","rank":91,"score":16.689197540283203},{"content":"A retrospective study of 1178 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, found no association between hypertensive patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and increased severity or mortality during hospitalization. The percentage of hypertensive patients taking ACEIs\/ARBs did not differ between those with severe and nonsevere in","qid":20,"docid":"m6pth0tu","rank":92,"score":16.624300003051758},{"content":"A retrospective study of 1178 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, found no association between hypertensive patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and increased severity or mortality. The percentage of hypertensive patients taking ACEIs\/ARBs was similar between those with severe and nonsevere illnesses (32","qid":20,"docid":"p10cya94","rank":93,"score":16.624298095703125},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) caused by chronic cigarette smoke exposure in rats. Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were divided into four groups: control (A), inhibitor alone (B), cigarette induction (C), and cigarette induction + inhibitor (D). After establishing the smoking-induced PAH rat","qid":20,"docid":"ytzmvasb","rank":94,"score":16.59830093383789},{"content":"A new coronavirus, COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread globally, causing approximately 3 million cases and leading to a pandemic. The virus is associated with symptoms such as fever, cough, headache, and shortness of breath. There is evidence suggesting a link between COVID-19 and damage to the heart muscle, with hypertensive and diabetic patients having a","qid":20,"docid":"8hvv7gsm","rank":95,"score":16.555299758911133},{"content":"A large case-control study from Zhejiang Province, China tested the role of usage of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and other medications on the risk and severity of COVID-19. The study found that higher BMI, diabetes, and cardio\/cerebrovascular disease were independent risk factors for COVID-1","qid":20,"docid":"llzfc1r7","rank":96,"score":16.52280044555664},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the potential role of angiotensin converting enzymes 2 (ACE2) and related inhibitors, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, in affecting SARS-CoV-2 activity and disease severity. The focus","qid":20,"docid":"dzvo9v01","rank":97,"score":16.50659942626953},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the potential role of angiotensin converting enzymes 2 (ACE2) and related inhibitors, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, in affecting SARS-CoV-2 activity and disease severity. The focus","qid":20,"docid":"wxhpo17g","rank":98,"score":16.5065975189209},{"content":"The passage questions the safety of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and renin-angiotensin inhibitors in COVID-19. NSAIDs may hinder the body's defense against viral infection and should be avoided. Systemic corticosteroids have not proven beneficial in viral infections and should only be used for other indications. Inhaled corticosteroids for asthma or COPD patients are still recommended. ACE inhibitors and","qid":20,"docid":"jxw6lr8d","rank":99,"score":16.503999710083008},{"content":"The passage questions the safety of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and renin-angiotensin inhibitors in COVID-19. NSAIDs may hinder the body's defense against viral infection and should be avoided. Systemic corticosteroids have not proven beneficial in viral infections and should only be used for other indications. Inhaled corticosteroids for asthma or COPD patients are still recommended. ACE inhibitors and","qid":20,"docid":"xpfhf0gc","rank":100,"score":16.503997802734375}]}
{"query":"what are the mortality rates overall and in specific populations","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the estimation of lower bounds for the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) of COVID-19 in the Italian provinces of Milano, Bergamo, Brescia, and Lodi. The IFR is challenging to estimate due to the high number of asymptomatic cases and unknown overall infection rates. The study uses data from ISTAT on mortality from January 1 to April 15, 2020, and the three preceding years","qid":21,"docid":"0ie6tkgm","rank":1,"score":8.981100082397461},{"content":"The passage analyzes the age and sex distribution of COVID-19 deaths in Austria, finding an exponential relationship between age and the proportion of deaths. The risk of death from COVID-19 increases with age, similar to the general age-specific mortality rate. The study compares the age-specific mortality rate in Austria to the infection fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 by Ferguson et al. (2020), indicating a substantial","qid":21,"docid":"e6k1bp9n","rank":2,"score":8.719599723815918},{"content":"The passage analyzes the age and sex distribution of COVID-19 deaths in Austria, finding an exponential relationship between age and the proportion of deaths. The risk of death from COVID-19 increases with age, similar to the general age-specific mortality rate. The study compares the age-specific mortality rate in Austria to the infection fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 by Ferguson et al., revealing substantial risk, particularly for older age groups","qid":21,"docid":"zt9mxom1","rank":3,"score":8.719598770141602},{"content":"The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories, using various data sources and methods. Completeness of death registration increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of ","qid":21,"docid":"eet3v4cs","rank":4,"score":8.656000137329102},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of age- and sex-specific death rates to estimate excess mortality from Covid-19 in Sweden. Using data from Swedish register sources, the study found that death rates for individuals above age 60 were higher than previous years starting from the first week of April 2020. Those over age 80 were disproportionately affected, and men experienced 75% higher death rates and women 50% higher death rates compared","qid":21,"docid":"0o3wjvpx","rank":5,"score":8.522299766540527},{"content":"The study estimates that the 1957-1959 influenza pandemic caused an average excess mortality rate of 1.9\/10,000 population (95% CI, 1.2-2.6 cases\/10,000 population) globally, with excess deaths attributed to respiratory causes. Mortality rates varied greatly among countries, with Europe and Latin America experiencing the lowest and highest rates, respectively. Excess","qid":21,"docid":"ao5676lc","rank":6,"score":8.508399963378906},{"content":"A study using a cat life insurance database aimed to describe mortality patterns in life-insured Swedish cats. The analysis included cats under 13 years old with life insurance between 1999 and 2006. The researchers calculated age-standardized mortality rates based on sex, age, breed, and diagnosis. The total number of cats insured was 49,450, with 142,049 cat-years at risk","qid":21,"docid":"al3p52uj","rank":7,"score":8.402999877929688},{"content":"A study using the Life Table Analysis System followed a cohort of 11,700 dentists in Taiwan from 1985-2009 to evaluate potential exposure to harmful agents and its impact on mortality. Compared to the general population, dentists had lower all-cause mortality rates. However, compared to internists, dentists had significantly higher mortality rates for overall causes (SMR=1.13; 95%","qid":21,"docid":"lr4l368z","rank":8,"score":8.370200157165527},{"content":"The passage discusses the Neolithic Demographic Transition (NDT) and raises three main questions. First, the passage explains that the NDT is identified by an increase in immature skeletons in cemeteries, indicating a baby-boom and a fertility transition towards high values. The cause of this fertility explosion is a shift in maternal energetics, with an increase in high-calorie food from agriculture and a decrease in physical energy spent on mobility","qid":21,"docid":"7655ggxz","rank":9,"score":8.233099937438965},{"content":"The passage summarizes an analysis of COVID-19 mortality in Belgium from March 8 to May 9, 2020. The study found that there was little discrepancy between reported COVID-19 deaths and excess mortality. April 2020 was the deadliest month since WWII with a large excess of deaths. Infection fatality rates (IFRs) for the non-nursing home population were estimated to be between 0","qid":21,"docid":"qzb8a22l","rank":10,"score":8.11460018157959},{"content":"The passage discusses the wide variation in reported crude case-fatality rates (CFRs) for COVID-19 between countries and the limitations of using crude rates for comparisons. The authors found that the age distribution of cases is a significant factor in the differences in CFRs. By adjusting for age using the direct method, they found that the age-adjusted rates were much closer than the crude rates, reducing the ratio of the highest to lowest CFR","qid":21,"docid":"2apo9imk","rank":11,"score":8.08430004119873},{"content":"The study aimed to model the impact of known COVID-19 comorbidities on mortality rates and age distribution in India and England. Indians have higher rates of diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and kidney disease, and lower rates of obesity, chronic heart disease, and cancer compared to England. Diabetes and chronic respiratory disease contribute most to increased mortality in India, while obesity, cancer, and chronic heart disease reduce mortality. Comor","qid":21,"docid":"ekaqbruo","rank":12,"score":8.067000389099121},{"content":"The passage discusses a theoretical model focusing on the impact of varying interaction rates between individuals on epidemic growth and social distancing. The model, based on well-mixed populations, demonstrates that epidemic growth is mainly influenced by highly interactive individuals, suggesting interaction capping as an effective control method. The model also suggests that achieving herd immunity without considering interaction rate variation would result in a lower overall infection rate but high mortality. Interactivity capping can control epidemics without extreme","qid":21,"docid":"dcmcog6l","rank":13,"score":7.922100067138672},{"content":"This study examines the role of population age structure in Covid-19 mortality in the UK at various geographical scales. Scotland and Wales are projected to have higher Covid-19 death rates than England, while Northern Ireland has a lower rate. Infection fatality rates are higher in small towns and rural areas compared to large urban areas. Within urban regions, there are areas with high projected death rates. Areas with high and low fatality rates tend to cluster due to the residential separation","qid":21,"docid":"vpakh3jk","rank":14,"score":7.895699977874756},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of understanding population behavior during influenza pandemics for effective preparedness. While the epidemiological aspects of past pandemics (1918-1920, 1957-1958, 1969-1969, and 2003 SARS outbreak) have been studied, there is limited knowledge about behavioral responses. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs","qid":21,"docid":"92o213bg","rank":15,"score":7.8379998207092285},{"content":"The passage discusses the demographic situation in Viet Nam, focusing on its history, government approach to population problems, population data systems, and the importance of population policy in achieving development objectives. The population of Viet Nam has grown significantly since the 1950s, with an estimated 52.7 million people in 1979 and a current growth rate of 2.2%. The government aims to reduce the population growth rate and improve health issues, particularly maternal and","qid":21,"docid":"ir77zvrr","rank":16,"score":7.828000068664551},{"content":"The passage discusses the association between religion and lower mortality rates among individuals, with potential explanations including religious norms, social support, and community. The religious ecology or characteristics of religion at a geographic level have also been linked to lower mortality, but findings are mixed. A recent study investigated the potential indirect association between religious institutions and mortality through local healthcare spending. The study found some support for this association at the county level. The passage raises the question of whether society or government","qid":21,"docid":"l42w2jyk","rank":17,"score":7.818399906158447},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about questions regarding higher mortality rates in men and lower overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. This passage explores the reasons behind these phenomena and draws lessons for the future.","qid":21,"docid":"2vxnmiyj","rank":18,"score":7.761899948120117},{"content":"This study aimed to identify determinants of COVID-19 incidence and mortality using data from 97 countries. Ten indicators, including health system characteristics, climate, demography, and travel restrictions, were assessed using Generalized Linear Modelling. Significant factors for cumulative incidence were testing rate, UHC index, percentage elderly population, percentage below-poverty line population, and disability adjusted life years due to NCDs. Case fatality rate was associated","qid":21,"docid":"u72yj5kx","rank":19,"score":7.673699855804443},{"content":"The study aimed to estimate the proportion of COVID-19 deaths in individuals under 65 years old, the relative mortality rate of COVID-19 death in this age group versus older individuals, and the absolute risk of COVID-19 death at the population level. The data was collected from 14 European countries, Canada, and 13 US states. Individuals under 65 accounted for a small percentage of all COVID-19 deaths, and their risk of","qid":21,"docid":"f3eogz0n","rank":20,"score":7.546800136566162},{"content":"A low mortality rate of COVID-19 among children has led to a focus on the pandemic, causing delays in diagnosing and treating routine childhood diseases. A case series of such instances, collected within a week, suggests that efforts to mitigate the pandemic may have greater overall harm to children than the virus itself. Pediatricians and policymakers should consider this issue.","qid":21,"docid":"gi4t0dpt","rank":21,"score":7.537899971008301},{"content":"In the 16th century, Mexico experienced a significant population decline from an estimated 15-30 million inhabitants in 1519 to 2 million in 1600. Epidemics, war, and famine were the primary causes, but recent research suggests that around 60-70% of the deaths were due to a series of hemorrhagic fever epidemics of unknown origin. An analysis of the 157","qid":21,"docid":"vokdqskd","rank":22,"score":7.445499897003174},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on age-specific mortality patterns during the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in Madrid, Spain. The researchers assessed excess death rates using a Serfling model and found that the youngest and oldest age groups had the highest excess mortality rates. Young adults faced the highest standardized mortality risk, and waves differed in strength with the peak standardized mortality risk occurring during the herald wave in spring 191","qid":21,"docid":"36fljyl2","rank":23,"score":7.440400123596191},{"content":"A systematic review of 58 studies examined the relationship between political economy factors and population health. Positive impacts on health include social democratic welfare states, higher public spending, fair trade policies, education extensions, microfinance, health and safety policies, improved access to healthcare, and affordable housing. Neoliberal restructuring is associated with increased health inequalities and higher income inequality leading to lower self-rated health and higher mortality. Gaps exist in the evidence base, particularly regarding","qid":21,"docid":"nn3q1hw5","rank":24,"score":7.428699970245361},{"content":"The westward spread of H5N1 influenza A viruses in avian populations and the high mortality rate in humans have raised international concerns due to the potential for a mutant virus to spread rapidly between humans, causing a global catastrophe. Governments are responding by developing response plans, stockpiling antiviral drugs, and expediting vaccine development. This summary focuses on the interaction between influenza A viruses and the mammalian host response, highlighting relevant issues","qid":21,"docid":"53bw4z9u","rank":25,"score":7.418900012969971},{"content":"A subgroup analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled study explored the efficacy of high-dose antithrombin III in patients with severe sepsis and a high risk of death (30-60% mortality rate). The study found that high-dose antithrombin III increased survival time by 90 days (p = .04) and reduced 28-day, 56-day, and 90","qid":21,"docid":"z957wfop","rank":26,"score":7.417200088500977},{"content":"The passage discusses the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Malta from 2000 to 2017. Of the 245 notified cases, 111 were confirmed microbiologically, with 70.3% having septicaemia, 21.6% meningitis, and 6.3% both. The overall crude incidence rate was 1.4","qid":21,"docid":"a5q15dq1","rank":27,"score":7.402699947357178},{"content":"This study compared the relationship between testing metrics, population mortality, and testing coverage in 36 OECD countries and Taiwan. The study found that testing coverage, not population testing number, was highly correlated with population mortality and case fatality rate. A testing coverage threshold of 15-45 was identified as adequate, with insufficient testing coverage leading to exponentially increasing population mortality. The study concluded that testing coverage is a better indicator of testing adequacy and disease","qid":21,"docid":"3jmxamtj","rank":28,"score":7.384500026702881},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of viral disease epidemiology, which is the study of the factors influencing the occurrence, spread, and impact of viral diseases in populations. Factors considered include virus characteristics, host and population traits, and external factors affecting transmission. Epidemiology plays a significant role in identifying the causes of specific diseases, understanding disease nature, determining host susceptibility and immunity, and clarifying modes of transmission. It also informs vaccine and antiv","qid":21,"docid":"nquov2i0","rank":29,"score":7.383399963378906},{"content":"This study estimates excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic based on underlying conditions and age using data from England. The researchers found that over 20% of the population is in the high-risk category, with 13.7% being older than 70 and 6.3% having at least one underlying condition. They developed a model and an online tool to estimate excess deaths under different COVID-19 incidence scenarios and relative risks. In a mit","qid":21,"docid":"ml4fpf2o","rank":30,"score":7.379700183868408},{"content":"This study estimates excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic based on underlying conditions and age using data from England's electronic health records. The researchers found that over 20% of the population is in the high-risk category, with 13.7% being older than 70 and 6.3% having at least one underlying condition. They developed a tool to calculate excess deaths under different COVID-19 incidence scenarios and relative risks, estimating","qid":21,"docid":"qsk9lmsc","rank":31,"score":7.379699230194092},{"content":"A study was conducted on avian cholera transmission dynamics at a common eider breeding colony in the Canadian Arctic. The disease, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, has high virulence and can cause significant mortality in na\u00efve host populations. The study used data from the closely monitored colony to examine transmission and host population dynamics, inferring epidemic curves from daily mortality observations and estimating changes in the reproductive number over","qid":21,"docid":"wc3gas1k","rank":32,"score":7.360899925231934},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using an age-specific SEIR-HQD model to examine the impact of early interventions on the age-specific incidence of COVID-19 in four cities: New York, Los Angeles, Daegu, and Nairobi. The findings reveal that the spread of COVID-19 varies significantly among cities due to differences in population age structures and interaction rates. Early interventions, such as school closures, working from home, and reduction in mobility","qid":21,"docid":"5zg3xr69","rank":33,"score":7.344799995422363},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the impact of infection control measures during the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Toronto on overall population mortality, excluding SARS deaths. The study used death registry data and Poisson regression and interrupted time-series analysis. No significant change in mortality was found in the Greater Toronto Area before, during, and after the SARS outbreak compared to the corresponding time periods","qid":21,"docid":"ou3wj4rz","rank":34,"score":7.308199882507324},{"content":"This paper presents an SEIR model of COVID-19 with considerations for non-exponential incubation and recovery periods and age structure in the population. The mean-field model shows that a Gamma distribution of incubation and recovery periods increases peak infected and critical care cases, changes epidemic timescales, but has no effect on total deaths or epidemic size. An age-structured model provides more accurate estimates and insights into the impact of quarantine duration and timing in","qid":21,"docid":"rv06wb3x","rank":35,"score":7.301199913024902},{"content":"The study aimed to estimate the effect of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation on mortality in immunocompetent patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Of 399 ARDS patients, 271 (68%) were CMV seropositive and 74 (27%) of them experienced reactivation. After adjusting for confounding factors and competing risks, CMV","qid":21,"docid":"n2d5fw2f","rank":36,"score":7.287099838256836},{"content":"This study examined the relationship between BCG, adult pneumococcal, and influenza vaccines with Covid-19 mortality in Level 4 European countries, adjusting for various confounding factors. Following adjustment, only BCG vaccination was significantly associated with reduced mortality rates at day 30, with a 64% reduction in log(10) mortality per 10 million population. Adult pneumococcal and influenza vaccines","qid":21,"docid":"leu2hygk","rank":37,"score":7.168300151824951},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential lower COVID-19 mortality rates in Africa due to its younger population. Using standardized mortality ratios (SMR), the study found that the death rates in Africa would be a quarter of those in Europe and Northern America, and half of those in Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The study emphasizes the importance of public health measures to reduce cases and deaths, and highlights the age structure difference between African and European populations in relation to the pandemic","qid":21,"docid":"vzmn6zep","rank":38,"score":7.142399787902832},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which has infected over 6.3 million people globally and over 1.9 million in the US, disproportionately affects socially and economically disadvantaged populations. The pandemic's mitigation relies on health behavior change, but these populations face unique challenges. This commentary offers research and policy recommendations to address inequities, emphasizing equity-driven practices and policies, such as prioritizing resources for high-risk communities","qid":21,"docid":"n5b1kzlw","rank":39,"score":7.133600234985352},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the mortality increase during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy using data from 4433 municipalities. The results showed an abrupt increase in overall mortality starting from March 1st, 2020. In the studied municipalities, there were 77,339 observed deaths compared to the expected 50,822.6, resulting in a rate ratio of 1.11 for those under 6","qid":21,"docid":"ekxz577j","rank":40,"score":7.114699840545654},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the mortality increase during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy using data from 4433 municipalities. The results showed an abrupt increase in overall mortality starting from March 1st, 2020, with 77,339 observed deaths compared to the expected 50,822.6. The excess mortality was greater in older age groups and in regions most affected by COVID-19. The total","qid":21,"docid":"t9qdiz7n","rank":41,"score":7.114698886871338},{"content":"The passage discusses three indicators - Comparative COVID-19 Mortality Ratio (CCMR), Crude COVID-19 Death Rate (CCDR), and reductions in life expectancy at birth - for comparing and analyzing COVID-19 mortality trends across different populations. CCMR and CCDR require population age and sex compositions, while life expectancy at birth and Crude Death Rate (CDR) are used to compare COVID-19 and overall mort","qid":21,"docid":"peg0m87x","rank":42,"score":7.097499847412109},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis along with an ecological investigation were conducted to examine the role of vitamin D in COVID-19. Six studies with 3,822 participants indicated that 46.5% of COVID-19 patients had vitamin D deficiency and 43.3% had insufficient levels. However, no correlation was found between vitamin D levels and global recovery or mortality rates. There were significant correlations in specific regions, such","qid":21,"docid":"8hvve871","rank":43,"score":7.089099884033203},{"content":"A study using a computational model explored the impact of age separation during partial lock down releases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that reducing interactions between age groups protects the general population and significantly reduces mortality rates by 66%. While complete isolation may be the most protective scenario for the elderly, it could have negative emotional and cognitive effects. Instead, age-related social recommendations or restrictions are proposed to maintain social connections while ensuring strong protection for older populations.","qid":21,"docid":"afbvbgq5","rank":44,"score":7.065899848937988},{"content":"The passage summarizes the annual burden of serious fungal infections in the Netherlands, estimating 3,185 patients with life-threatening or debilitating fungal diseases, including various types of aspergillosis, Candida infections, mucormycosis, Fusarium keratitis, and cryptococcosis. Additionally, the prevalence of recurrent vulvo-vaginal candidiasis, allergic bronchopul","qid":21,"docid":"qabil0vc","rank":45,"score":7.034900188446045},{"content":"A simple SIR model is proposed to study the effect of confinement strategies on a severe epidemic, inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic. The model assumes two populations of susceptible individuals: one adhering to confinement with an infection rate below 1, and another non-confining population that can be significantly more infectious. The model is discretized to serve as an integrator for the differential system and is calibrated based on COVID-19 data. Key","qid":21,"docid":"zy1608lw","rank":46,"score":7.020400047302246},{"content":"The passage reports the findings of the first 9,468 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Ecuador from February 27 to April 18, 2020. Men accounted for 55.40% of the cases with a higher incidence rate and mortality rate than women. The mortality rate varied among cantons, with those having lower attack rates having higher mortality rates. Living above 2,500 m was linked","qid":21,"docid":"rrohv3to","rank":47,"score":6.9934000968933105},{"content":"Viral infections, specifically respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A (H1N1), are a significant cause of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The progression from pneumonia to ARDS is not well-understood, and treatment options are limited, primarily symptomatic. Mortality rates for viral-related ARDS are unknown. This review covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology","qid":21,"docid":"o7qfugjw","rank":48,"score":6.990799903869629},{"content":"The study assessed late mortality in 854 survivors of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic malignancies, with a median age at HCT of 36.5 years and a median follow-up of 7.6 years. The overall survival was 68.8% at 10 years, and the cohort had a 13-fold increased risk for late death","qid":21,"docid":"xr4flvzx","rank":49,"score":6.955999851226807},{"content":"The study aimed to estimate the infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19 using population level statistics from the initial outbreak in Italy, without relying on testing and death count data. The researchers used demographic and death records data from the Italian Institute of Statistics and applied a Bayesian model to age-stratified mortality data from 2020 and previous years. The estimated overall IFR was 1.29% (95% CrI 0","qid":21,"docid":"86l1xixa","rank":50,"score":6.950399875640869},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between demographic factors and COVID-19 cases and deaths in the European region using spatial regression models. Thirteen variables for COVID-19 cases and eight for COVID-19 deaths were analyzed. Five spatial regression models were applied, with Italy and the UK having the highest local R2 values. The total population had the highest local R2 (0.92) among all variables for COVID-19 cases. The highest local R2 for","qid":21,"docid":"pil10k4i","rank":51,"score":6.948500156402588},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between the number of patients and deaths in epidemics using the equation logY = klogX - klogN(0), where k is a constant determining the slope and N(0) is the value of X when Y = 1. Diseases are categorized based on their k value, with those having k = 1 being Ebola, avian influenza H5N1, cholera, and hand, foot, and mouth","qid":21,"docid":"h0plbvg3","rank":52,"score":6.946300029754639},{"content":"The passage discusses trends in infectious disease mortality in South Korea from 1983 to 2015. Age-standardized mortality decreased then increased, with tuberculosis being the leading cause in 1983 and respiratory tract infections in 2015. Infant deaths declined, but mortality in those over 65 years increased. Inequality indices for certain infectious diseases rose over time. While progress was","qid":21,"docid":"osyoizng","rank":53,"score":6.938899993896484},{"content":"A review of literature on COVID-19 mortality rates reveals lower rates in the Indian subcontinent compared to the West. Factors contributing to this disparity are multifactorial and include genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Further research is needed to fully understand this disparity in mortality rates among different populations.","qid":21,"docid":"q3pqo3iu","rank":54,"score":6.916600227355957},{"content":"A review of literature on COVID-19 mortality rates reveals lower rates in the Indian subcontinent compared to the West. Factors contributing to this disparity are multifactorial and include genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Further research is needed to fully understand this disparity in mortality rates among different populations.","qid":21,"docid":"v4yto9p3","rank":55,"score":6.916599273681641},{"content":"This study analyzed in-hospital mortality in 13,932 Spanish stroke patients, focusing on age- and sex-related differences. Women were older and more likely to have cardio-embolic aetiology, while men were more likely to be admitted to a stroke unit or have a stroke code activated. Pre-stroke functional status and stroke severity increased with age and were higher in women. Differences in risk factors and outcomes between women and men varied with","qid":21,"docid":"8g3vfjka","rank":56,"score":6.910399913787842},{"content":"A study of 369 patients undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma found that 23% of them were categorized as nutritionally deficient based on body mass index, albumin levels, or preoperative weight loss. Three-year survival rates were lower in the nutritionally deficient group (58.5% for overall survival and 80.4% for disease-specific survival) compared to controls (85.4% and ","qid":21,"docid":"f15uh4id","rank":57,"score":6.886899948120117},{"content":"During the 2017-2018 influenza epidemic in the Netherlands, people with intellectual disabilities experienced three times higher excess mortality than the general population. This increase was more pronounced among male individuals with intellectual disabilities. Older age groups and respiratory causes contributed to the excess mortality in both cohorts, but in the intellectual disability group, younger age groups, endocrine diseases, and intellectual disability-specific causes also led to excess deaths. These","qid":21,"docid":"hdfn60bt","rank":58,"score":6.885499954223633},{"content":"During the 2017-2018 influenza epidemic in the Netherlands, people with intellectual disabilities experienced three times higher excess mortality than the general population. This increase was more pronounced among male individuals with intellectual disabilities. Older age groups and respiratory causes contributed to the excess mortality in both cohorts, but in the intellectual disability group, younger age groups, endocrine diseases, and intellectual disability-specific causes also led to excess deaths. These","qid":21,"docid":"rmcsjck3","rank":59,"score":6.885499000549316},{"content":"The passage discusses a modelling study on the impact of mitigation and suppression strategies on the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal. The study found that Senegal has successfully reduced the reproduction number of the virus but further reductions in social contact rates are needed to prevent overwhelming the healthcare system and reduce estimated deaths, which are projected to peak in October and range from 55,270 to 100,700. The study recommends","qid":21,"docid":"x40l8ljx","rank":60,"score":6.863500118255615},{"content":"This rapid communication estimates excess one-year mortality from COVID-19 based on underlying conditions and age using NHS health records in England. The study found that 20.0% of the population aged \u226530 years had at least one underlying condition, with the highest prevalence in those aged >70 years. The one-year mortality in the at-risk population was 4.46%, and it varied across conditions. In a suppression scenario,","qid":21,"docid":"11hi1jel","rank":61,"score":6.85890007019043},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted in Taiwan to determine the incidence of cervical cancer and age-specific survival from small cell cervical carcinoma between 1991 and 2005. During this period, 36,122 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer, with 81.8% having squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The mean age at diagnosis increased from 53.9 \u00b1 13","qid":21,"docid":"n1iy1n7h","rank":62,"score":6.854599952697754},{"content":"A study comparing disease burden of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in older populations of Hong Kong and Brisbane found that Hong Kong, which experienced a significant increase in vaccine uptake after the 2003 SARS outbreak, had a relative decrease in influenza disease burden compared to Brisbane, where vaccination rates remained stable. The study used time series segmented regression models to estimate excess rates of mortality and hospitalization associated with influ","qid":21,"docid":"dk4snw9r","rank":63,"score":6.839099884033203},{"content":"The passage discusses the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Georgia during the first 7 weeks of community spread. Metropolitan Atlanta had the highest number of confirmed cases, but rural areas around Albany had the highest bi-weekly increases in incidence rate. Rural counties with the highest mortality rates, such as Randolph, Terrell, Early, and Dougherty, had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Blacks residents, older adults, lower-","qid":21,"docid":"ynpqzu5l","rank":64,"score":6.829999923706055},{"content":"In a cohort study of COVID-19 patients in south metropolitan Chicago, predominantly African-American (AA) patients had higher rates of hospitalization and comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, insulin use, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation. Older age, tobacco use, CAD, and AF were associated with greater risk of in-hospital mortality. Cardiac","qid":21,"docid":"4f6h7agt","rank":65,"score":6.7932000160217285},{"content":"A study was conducted to estimate the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants NO2, PM2.5, and O3, and COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the US. The study found that higher NO2 concentrations were positively associated with both COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate, while no significant associations were found between long-term exposures to PM2.5 or O3 and COVID","qid":21,"docid":"14ftgh6k","rank":66,"score":6.789400100708008},{"content":"A retrospective population-based study compared mortality rates of 20,769 confirmed COVID-19 patients in Switzerland during spring 2020 to the all-cause mortality of 5,160,595 individuals in the general population during spring 2018. The study found that COVID-19 increased the probability of death across all patient groups, with the highest relative risks observed among males and older patients. The results showed","qid":21,"docid":"92ipp5ge","rank":67,"score":6.786900043487549},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare the efficacy and all-cause mortality of cefepime to other antibiotics among children. Seventeen studies with a total of 1,285 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in all-cause mortality, success rate, or treatment failure between cefepime and comparator antibiotics. However, the studies had unclear risk of bias, high heter","qid":21,"docid":"bgptydsb","rank":68,"score":6.776000022888184},{"content":"The study used Bayesian multilevel analysis and small area disease risk mapping to assess the relationship between COVID-19 related mortality risk and healthcare disparities in the US. The results showed that highly populated, regional air hub areas and minorities had an increased risk of COVID-19 related mortality. An increase of 1 ug\/m3 in long-term PM2.5 exposure led to a 13% increase in COVID-19 mortality rate.","qid":21,"docid":"0j6a5xqc","rank":69,"score":6.761000156402588},{"content":"During the 1918 influenza pandemic in the U.S., public health interventions varied among cities, leading to different epidemic patterns and mortality rates. A study found that cities with earlier intervention implementation had lower mortality. The analysis of 16 cities with nearly complete intervention-timing data showed that time-limited interventions reduced total mortality moderately, but only when introduced effectively and maintained for an adequate period. Cities like San Francisco, St. Louis,","qid":21,"docid":"6ulvk9hv","rank":70,"score":6.7418999671936035},{"content":"A study using publicly available data from 199 countries\/regions found a significant association between BCG vaccination policy and the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million population. The amount of variance explained by BCG vaccination policy ranged from 12.5% to 38%. This effect remained significant after controlling for life expectancy and average temperature. BCG vaccination may have hindered the spread or progression of the virus rather than reducing mortality","qid":21,"docid":"93b2ivio","rank":71,"score":6.731200218200684},{"content":"A retrospective study analyzed the outcomes of 102 pediatric patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) who underwent high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). The study found a 66% survival rate, with survivors having longer hospital stays. Factors associated with mortality included absence of bronchiolitis (OR = 8.19) and pneumonia (OR = 3.0","qid":21,"docid":"8od8vhob","rank":72,"score":6.718500137329102},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aimed at estimating the relative impact of COVID-19 on healthcare resource utilization at the General Practice (GP) level in England. The researchers analyzed case incidence and morbidity using GP Practice data from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) and Quality Outcome Framework (QOF), including factors such as population density, age distribution, ethnicity, social deprivation, location, and patient engagement. Urban areas, high percentage of population working","qid":21,"docid":"5242ns8i","rank":73,"score":6.706999778747559},{"content":"A study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample found that out of 41,723 PEH repair procedures between 2006 and 2008 in the US, 74.2% were elective and 42.4% were laparoscopic. The overall complication and mortality rates were 20.8% and 1.1%, respectively. Emergent repair had higher rates of morbidity (33.","qid":21,"docid":"ejrcf63p","rank":74,"score":6.704800128936768},{"content":"A retrospective study of 123 patients with lung oligometastases from colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and renal-cell carcinoma undergoing radiofrequency ablation was conducted to evaluate long-term survival. The median follow-up was 45.7 months, and the 5-year OS and RFS rates were 62%","qid":21,"docid":"9ru3gzdc","rank":75,"score":6.70389986038208},{"content":"A study of 560 ICU patients found that a semi-quantitative chest X-ray (CXR) score, based on opacification in each quadrant, was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (10% for each point increase, OR 1.10-1.16), 60-day mortality (12% for each point increase, OR 1.12-1.17), ICU length of","qid":21,"docid":"b5s67twk","rank":76,"score":6.694699764251709},{"content":"A 10-year study evaluated the impact of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a bridge therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation (LT). Of 121 patients with 156 HCCs, dropout due to tumor progression was 7.4% and HCC recurrence after LT was 5.6%. The 5-year post-LT","qid":21,"docid":"0wyn97y9","rank":77,"score":6.6819000244140625},{"content":"A systematic review of 13 studies on the use of poller screws in intramedullary nailing of long bone fractures was conducted. The studies reported a low complication rate for poller screw usage, including a 4% rate of nonunion, 5% rate of coronal plane malalignment, 5% rate of deep infection, 6% rate of superficial infection, and 8% rate of secondary procedures. The review suggests that intramed","qid":21,"docid":"r6ks279o","rank":78,"score":6.6803998947143555},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between environmental stressors, including adverse weather conditions and socioeconomic and political events, and mortality rates among the oldest old male population in Hong Kong from 1977 to 2006. Despite decreasing mortality rates for other age groups, the oldest old male population did not show the same trend. The study found that environmental stressors were associated with increased mortality rates for this population, with men being more susceptible than women","qid":21,"docid":"l855jlqu","rank":79,"score":6.6793999671936035},{"content":"A descriptive study was conducted on molecular diagnosis of infectious agents in S\u00e3o Miguel Island population between 2012-2013, focusing on the frequency of clinical requests, seasonality of pathogens, and positive rates. Of the 878 individuals suspected of harboring infectious diseases, hepatitis C virus was the most requested pathogen (30.0%). The study showed a gender bias towards males (72.9%) and age","qid":21,"docid":"poh6if0r","rank":80,"score":6.67549991607666},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study on the HIV\/AIDS burden in 16 Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries from 1990 to 2017. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors (GBD) Study, the study found that HIV\/AIDS caused 336,175 deaths and over 20 million Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (D","qid":21,"docid":"hs9cfdsu","rank":81,"score":6.669400215148926},{"content":"This passage discusses a study that uses a SEIR model (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) to assess the global impact of COVID-19, considering demographic factors, testing strategies, and herd immunity to determine the maximum number of lives that can be saved. The study implements a Bayesian Melding method to account for data limitations and derives the best parameters to replicate the observed deaths.","qid":21,"docid":"2epo3a4r","rank":82,"score":6.634200096130371},{"content":"The study investigated the frequency, characteristics, and risk factors of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving apixaban or warfarin anticoagulation therapy. ICH occurred in 174 patients, most of which were spontaneous. Apixaban had a lower annual rate of ICH (0.33%) compared to warfarin (0.80%). Factors increasing the risk of","qid":21,"docid":"rzj773h8","rank":83,"score":6.63070011138916},{"content":"During the first quarter of the COVID-19 pandemic, significant differences in incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates (CFR) existed between countries. Factors associated with these differences include the number of performed COVID-19 tests, GDP per capita, country-specific duration of the outbreak, fraction of citizens over 65 years old, and level of press freedom. These factors collectively explain 80% of the variability in incidence and over","qid":21,"docid":"huyl21vz","rank":84,"score":6.6097002029418945},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant mortality rates, with pneumonia being the primary cause. The American College of Cardiology reports higher fatality rates for elderly individuals, diabetics, hypertensives, and those with cardiovascular disease. We propose that Microvascular Disease (MVD) may explain the heightened danger and risk of mortality in these populations, presenting potential pathophysiological reasons and potential therapies for enhanced management and prevention.","qid":21,"docid":"cmcv1k62","rank":85,"score":6.601500034332275},{"content":"This systematic review aimed to investigate the use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) and ASQ: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE) in the USA and Scandinavia. US studies primarily use these tools for detecting delays in medical settings, while Scandinavian studies use them for monitoring developmental-behavioral differences in intervention\/exposure-based cohorts. Pre-visit screening yields high completion rates and","qid":21,"docid":"zj2ihmgb","rank":86,"score":6.590199947357178},{"content":"During the 2003 Toronto SARS outbreak, hospital restrictions resulted in disruptions to clinical practice, admissions, and transfers. A study assessed the health consequences for seriously ill hospitalized patients by conducting a population-based longitudinal cohort study. The study found that mortality, readmission, complication rates, and quality of care measures did not change for any condition during or after the restrictions. However, invasive cardiac procedures for acute myoc","qid":21,"docid":"ou7o700t","rank":87,"score":6.569799900054932},{"content":"The study evaluated excess mortality rates from seasonal influenza in Israel between 1999 and 2006 for all causes and respiratory and circulatory causes. Overall excess mortality rates ranged from 7.7 to 36.1 per 100,000 for all causes and from 4.4 to 24.4 per 100,000 for respiratory and circulatory causes. Infl","qid":21,"docid":"j5p5mtiq","rank":88,"score":6.569200038909912},{"content":"A study proposes a Controlled Avalanche (CA) approach to address the Covid-19 pandemic, inspired by avalanche control at ski resorts. The goal is to intentionally expose low-risk individuals (20-49 years old with no comorbidities) to the virus under controlled supervision, with the aim of reaching herd immunity faster and reducing mortality and demand for critical healthcare resources. Using a compartmental model, the study comp","qid":21,"docid":"6k4brmx2","rank":89,"score":6.5680999755859375},{"content":"The passage discusses the discrepancy in COVID-19 death rates across Europe, with countries like Spain having much higher rates than others like Germany. While the elderly population is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 mortality, the correlation between the elderly population percentage and COVID-19 death rate is weak. Instead, the study suggests that elderly longevity or life expectancy at 65 years is a better predictor of COVID-19 death rates. The study","qid":21,"docid":"9p0dsyqx","rank":90,"score":6.5559000968933105},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) mathematical models to predict the number of new COVID-19 cases in different cities and countries. The authors note that while the models can be solved using software or numerical methods, predicting the number of new cases is challenging due to changing behavioral patterns that affect the model's parameters. The authors present an analysis of COVID-19 spreading rates in relation to population density and size for","qid":21,"docid":"1ttt1fgr","rank":91,"score":6.551300048828125},{"content":"A study aimed to identify regions in Brazil with high mortality rates from comorbidities associated with COVID-19 and a shortage of ICU beds and mechanical ventilators. Using data from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department, the study calculated disease-specific mortality rates and ICU bed and ventilator rates per 100,000 inhabitants. Four latent mortality profiles were observed, with the highest mean mortality rates found in regions with IC","qid":21,"docid":"trwbfefy","rank":92,"score":6.534800052642822},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of population-wide mask-wearing on the spread of Covid-19, particularly in reducing the number of critically-ill patients and cumulative mortality. The study uses a simplified SIR model to investigate the effects of mask use with 8 or 16% efficacy. The benefits on critical-care and mortality rates are minor when transmissibility is high but dramatic as the effective R approaches 1, after aggressive social-","qid":21,"docid":"uc37poce","rank":93,"score":6.533299922943115},{"content":"A multicenter study described the daily practice of mechanical ventilation (MV) in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), with 659 of 1893 patients (35%) receiving MV for a median of 4 days. Common indications for MV were acute respiratory failure (ARF) in 72% of patients. Median age was 13 months, and overall mortality rate was 15","qid":21,"docid":"lcbqxeck","rank":94,"score":6.532700061798096},{"content":"The passage discusses a study examining the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in 43 cities in the United States. The interventions, which included school closures, public gathering bans, and isolation and quarantine, were associated with reductions in weekly excess death rates, delays in reaching peak mortality, and lower total mortality. Cities that implemented interventions earlier and for longer dur","qid":21,"docid":"b3bphr0j","rank":95,"score":6.531199932098389},{"content":"A mathematical modeling study evaluated strategies to reduce the burden of COVID-19 in African countries, considering demographic, epidemiological, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered model, the study predicted median clinical attack rates of 17%-39% in three African countries, with peak cases at 2-4 months if epidemics were unmitigated. Self-isolation of","qid":21,"docid":"xtpa84h2","rank":96,"score":6.5254998207092285},{"content":"During the Covid-19 pandemic, there have been concerns about an increase in non-Covid-19 deaths due to disrupted healthcare services. The study examined mortality rates in England & Wales, Scotland, the Netherlands, and New York State. An increase in observed deaths compared to expected was found in all areas, with a significant proportion not attributed to Covid-19. In Scotland and England & Wales, 43% and 49% of excess deaths were not","qid":21,"docid":"pn516wom","rank":97,"score":6.501500129699707},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to high mortality rates among older people and necessitated social isolation measures to prevent healthcare system crises. However, in economically unequal Brazil, where 25% of the population lives below the poverty line, these measures will cause severe economic losses and accentuated starvation for the underprivileged population. The government's inconsistent handling of the pandemic leaves the population without clear guidelines, allowing the spread of fake news and political crises","qid":21,"docid":"fri9zun5","rank":98,"score":6.500899791717529},{"content":"This study aimed to compare postoperative complication rates between central hepatectomy (CH) and extended hepatectomy (EH) for centrally located liver tumors using propensity score matching (PSM). The study population consisted of 373 patients, with 44 (11.8%) undergoing CH and 329 (88.2%) undergoing EH. Before PSM, there was no significant difference in ","qid":21,"docid":"aoo3t0iw","rank":99,"score":6.485099792480469},{"content":"The study aimed to identify risk factors for mortality after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery using data from 157,559 patients with 30-day follow-up. Factors significantly associated with 30-day mortality included increasing BMI, age, male gender, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, and liver disease. A RYGB mortality risk score was developed","qid":21,"docid":"zn3l6lgc","rank":100,"score":6.471499919891357}]}
{"query":"are cardiac complications likely in patients with COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the use of cardiac biomarkers to triage, risk-stratify, and prognosticate patients with severe COVID-19. COVID-19 is associated with acute cardiac injury in 7-28% of patients, leading to increased complications and mortality, especially in those with underlying cardiovascular disease. Cardiac biomarkers can help differentiate cardiac causes of dyspnea and aid in clinical decision-","qid":22,"docid":"1hvihwkz","rank":1,"score":9.672300338745117},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of cardiac biomarkers to triage, risk-stratify, and prognosticate patients with severe COVID-19. COVID-19 is associated with acute cardiac injury in 7-28% of patients, leading to increased complications and mortality, especially in those with underlying cardiovascular disease. Cardiac biomarkers can help differentiate cardiac causes of dyspnea and aid in clinical decision-","qid":22,"docid":"p3fi4yej","rank":2,"score":9.6722993850708},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the connection between the disease and cardiovascular risks. The virus, SARS-CoV2, enters cells through ACE2 receptors in select organs. Epidemiological evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors increase disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and those with severe COVID-19 are more likely to develop cardiac complications like myocardial injury and arrhythmia. The underlying","qid":22,"docid":"ejsqsn59","rank":3,"score":9.065799713134766},{"content":"The passage discusses the connection between Cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19. The virus, SARS-CoV2, enters cells through ACE2 expressed in certain organs. Epidemiological evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors increase disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and those with severe COVID-19 are more likely to develop cardiac complications like myocardial injury and arrhythmia. The true incidence and mechanisms","qid":22,"docid":"lfjud2aq","rank":4,"score":9.06579875946045},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 56 studies on COVID-19 patients found that high cardiac troponin I and AST levels were associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes. The best model to predict poor outcomes was a combination of high troponin I >13.75 ng\/L and either advanced age >60 years or elevated AST level >27.72 U\/L. Assessment of cardiac injury biomarkers may help identify","qid":22,"docid":"0zxj41xe","rank":5,"score":8.765399932861328},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 56 studies on COVID-19 patients found that high cardiac troponin I and AST levels were associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes. The best model to predict poor outcomes was a combination of high troponin I >13.75 ng\/L and either advanced age >60 years or elevated AST level >27.72 U\/L. Assessment of cardiac injury biomarkers may help identify","qid":22,"docid":"g9qlo3xh","rank":6,"score":8.765398979187012},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 56 studies on COVID-19 patients (n=17,794) found that high cardiac troponin I and aspartate aminotransferase levels were associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes (OR = 5.22, 95% CI = 3.73-7.31 for troponin I and OR = 3.64, 95% C","qid":22,"docid":"omplxafd","rank":7,"score":8.765398025512695},{"content":"The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 100 countries with over 1 million confirmed cases. While it primarily causes severe respiratory infections, cardiac complications and poor outcomes have been observed in patients, particularly those with underlying cardiovascular disease. This passage discusses the potential mechanisms of cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients and emphasizes the importance of supportive therapy and identifying high-risk individuals before","qid":22,"docid":"wkp58iov","rank":8,"score":8.583399772644043},{"content":"A retrospective study of 113 deceased and 161 recovered patients with COVID-19 at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China, found that deceased patients were older (median age 68 years vs. 51 years), more likely male (73% vs. 55%), and had more chronic hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities (48% and 14% vs. 24","qid":22,"docid":"hia1me9i","rank":9,"score":8.545900344848633},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, typically presents as mild flu-like illness but can lead to severe disease and neurological complications in elderly patients with comorbidities. Neurological manifestations include central and peripheral nervous system involvement, with potential entry points being the hematogenous route or olfactory system. Severe neurological symptoms, such as altered sensorium and stroke, are due to hypoxia,","qid":22,"docid":"qt02t6tf","rank":10,"score":8.515600204467773},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can lead to neurological complications, particularly in severely ill patients with comorbidities. Both central and peripheral nervous systems can be affected. The virus enters the brain through the hematogenous route or olfactory system, using angiotensin-converting enzyme two receptors as entry points. Severe neurological manifestations include altered sensorium, cyt","qid":22,"docid":"tu36aisz","rank":11,"score":8.515599250793457},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause cardiac events that require prompt diagnosis and management, even in the presence of COVID-19. Due to logistical challenges, a full cardiovascular disease diagnostic algorithm may be hindered in patients with critical conditions. Echocardiography can help with differential diagnosis of cardiac events related or unrelated to the infection and can impact short-term prognosis. Focused cardiac ultrasound studies (FoC","qid":22,"docid":"2cv0p9lb","rank":12,"score":8.482399940490723},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can lead to cardiac events that require prompt diagnosis and management, even in the presence of COVID-19 infection. Logistical challenges may hinder a full cardiovascular disease diagnostic algorithm in critical patients. Echocardiography, specifically focused bedside transthoracic studies (FoCUS), can aid in differential diagnosis of cardiac events related or unrelated to COVID-19 and impact short-term progn","qid":22,"docid":"rkve2z4j","rank":13,"score":8.482398986816406},{"content":"A case is presented of a patient who developed unusually rapid pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure after severe COVID-19 pneumonia and cytokine release syndrome. These complications, which may be caused by progressive pulmonary parenchymal and microvascular damage, have not been described before in relation to COVID-19. COVID-19 is associated with systemic and multi-organ involvement, including vascular, thrombo","qid":22,"docid":"7xqmuoye","rank":14,"score":8.397600173950195},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and risk factors face higher risks of adverse outcomes. Additionally, new cardiac complications, such as myocarditis, arrhythmia, and heart failure, are emerging in patients without prior cardiovascular issues. The healthcare system is overwhelmed with COVID-19 cases, leaving an unmet need for managing both COVID-19 related and traditional cardiovascular issues. This passage offers consensus guidance for","qid":22,"docid":"scddzn5t","rank":15,"score":8.391599655151367},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and those experiencing new cardiac complications are at higher risk. The pandemic has led to an increase in cardiac injuries and de novo cardiac complications, possibly due to an accentuated immune response. With many patients requiring medical care for both COVID-19 related and traditional cardiovascular issues, there is a need for a standardized approach. This passage provides consensus guidance for managing various cardiovascular","qid":22,"docid":"ynt2koko","rank":16,"score":8.39159870147705},{"content":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 100 countries and affected over 1 million people. While the primary symptom is severe respiratory infection, accumulating data shows that cardiac complications and poor outcomes are common among patients, particularly those with underlying cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the basics of the virus, clinical manifestations, and potential mechanisms of cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients.","qid":22,"docid":"v3qgqfwr","rank":17,"score":8.343899726867676},{"content":"The passage discusses the cardiac implications of COVID-19, highlighting the increased risk of cardiac involvement for patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and higher mortality rates. The review also mentions various cardiac presentations such as acute pericarditis, left ventricular dysfunction, and acute myocardial injury. There is a lack of data on myocardial protection during cardiac surgery for COVID-19 patients. While some insights","qid":22,"docid":"0ec1cu8q","rank":18,"score":8.312999725341797},{"content":"The passage discusses the cardiac implications of COVID-19, highlighting the increased risk of cardiac involvement for patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and higher mortality rates. The review also mentions various cardiac presentations such as acute pericarditis, left ventricular dysfunction, and acute myocardial injury. There is a lack of data on myocardial protection during cardiac surgery for COVID-19 patients. While some insights","qid":22,"docid":"qsy2kex1","rank":19,"score":8.31299877166748},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates significant adjustments in cardiology practice. This article discusses managing cardiac patients without COVID-19, those with cardiac disease and COVID-19, and cardiac complications of COVID-19. It also covers indications and interpretation of cardiac investigations in the context of the pandemic, with references from specialized societies and groups.","qid":22,"docid":"2k1n07on","rank":20,"score":8.277799606323242},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates significant adjustments in cardiology practice. This article discusses managing cardiac patients without COVID-19, those with cardiac disease and COVID-19, and cardiac complications of COVID-19. It also covers indications and interpretation of cardiac investigations in the context of COVID-19, with references from specialized societies and groups.","qid":22,"docid":"8ysfaww2","rank":21,"score":8.277798652648926},{"content":"The passage discusses the investigation of acute myocardial injury (AMI) in 53 hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Of these patients, 42 (79.25%) had cardiac complications, including six cases of AMI. All AMI patients were over 60 years old and had multiple underlying comorbidities. The severity of novel coronavirus pneumonia","qid":22,"docid":"jg6v644y","rank":22,"score":8.223199844360352},{"content":"People with epilepsy are not more susceptible to COVID-19 or more likely to have severe manifestations. However, managing COVID-19 in those with epilepsy can be complicated due to potential drug-drug interactions between antiepileptic drugs and COVID-19 treatments, as well as the possibility of cardiac, hepatic, or renal issues in severe COVID-19 cases that may require AED adjustments. This review discusses potential drug","qid":22,"docid":"x9t3o95c","rank":23,"score":8.07699966430664},{"content":"The passage discusses the cardiac and arrhythmic complications associated with COVID-19, caused by a multifactorial etiology including direct viral damage, hypoxia, hypotension, inflammation, drug toxicity, and endogenous catecholamine status. Patients with COVID-19 and cardiac injury markers have poorer outcomes, and arrhythmic events are common. Additionally, drugs used to treat COVID-19 can","qid":22,"docid":"rmio55bx","rank":24,"score":8.058899879455566},{"content":"The passage discusses the cardiac and arrhythmic complications associated with COVID-19, the cause of which is believed to be multifactorial including direct viral damage, hypoxia, hypotension, inflammation, and drug toxicity. Patients with COVID-19 who exhibit cardiac injury markers have poorer outcomes and arrhythmic events are common. Additionally, drugs used to treat COVID-19 can prolong the QT interval and have a","qid":22,"docid":"xhum1ykr","rank":25,"score":8.05889892578125},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures have led to a significant decrease in acute cardiovascular disease admissions in France, according to a study of nine major cardiology centers. Before containment, an average of 4.8 patients per day were admitted to intensive care units for acute myocardial infarction or acute heart failure. After containment, this number dropped to 2.6 patients per day, a difference that was statistically significant","qid":22,"docid":"0yuq7vym","rank":26,"score":7.995100021362305},{"content":"A study conducted in France found that the number of cardiovascular admissions to intensive care units significantly decreased after the implementation of COVID-19 containment measures. The drop was from 4.8 to 2.6 patients per day, raising concerns about neglected acute cardiovascular diseases due to prioritization of COVID-19 resources. Potential consequences include an increase in ambulatory myocardial infarctions, mechanical complications, cardiac arrest","qid":22,"docid":"2nlnyxct","rank":27,"score":7.995099067687988},{"content":"Three cases of cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients are presented. A 67-year-old woman with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy developed viral pericarditis and Takotsubo syndrome. A 46-year-old man with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus experienced pulseless electrical activity arrest and suspected STEMI due to microemboli, resulting in death. A 76","qid":22,"docid":"x629iv3f","rank":28,"score":7.942399978637695},{"content":"The passage discusses the cardiovascular complications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their impact on clinical outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 damages the heart through ACE-2 receptors, causing direct damage to cardiomyocytes, systemic inflammation, fibrosis, and hypoxia. Comorbidities, particularly underlying heart disease, increase","qid":22,"docid":"q82gkygd","rank":29,"score":7.8668999671936035},{"content":"A 63-year-old male with COVID-19 developed pneumonia, cardiac symptoms, and fulminant myocarditis, marked by elevated troponin I levels, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, and diffuse myocardial dyskinesia. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for fulminant myocarditis and received antiviral therapy and mechanical life support, resulting in reduced troponin I and interleuk","qid":22,"docid":"4dnuilqg","rank":30,"score":7.859399795532227},{"content":"COVID-19 infection can lead to various cardiac complications with significant adverse outcomes. The utility of cardiac imaging in hospitalized COVID-19 patients depends on the clinical scenario and the potential risks to healthcare workers. Cardiac imaging should be ordered only if its benefits exceed the risks, and no adequate alternative is available. Indications for advanced cardiac imaging in the acute phase are limited, but follow-up imaging in the convalescent stage may be","qid":22,"docid":"ozy39172","rank":31,"score":7.834400177001953},{"content":"COVID-19 infection can lead to various cardiac complications with significant adverse outcomes. The utility of cardiac imaging in hospitalized COVID-19 patients depends on the clinical scenario and the potential risks to healthcare workers. Cardiac imaging should be ordered only if its benefits exceed the risks, and no adequate alternative is available. Indications for advanced cardiac imaging in the acute phase are limited, but follow-up imaging in the convalescent stage may be","qid":22,"docid":"q5p0ie3j","rank":32,"score":7.834399223327637},{"content":"The Coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in Wuhan, China in late 2019, has resulted in over 2.3 million confirmed cases and 165,000 fatalities worldwide. While the primary symptoms are respiratory and cardiac, neurological manifestations are also being reported. Common neurological symptoms include headache, dizziness, encephalopathy, and delir","qid":22,"docid":"gjctfjub","rank":33,"score":7.820300102233887},{"content":"The Coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, with over 3.5 million confirmed cases and 165,000 to 243,000 fatalities, primarily manifests as respiratory and cardiac issues but neurological symptoms such as headache, dizziness, encephalopathy, delirium, cerebrovascular accident, Guillian-Barre syndrome, acute transverse","qid":22,"docid":"lo705hfr","rank":34,"score":7.82029914855957},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant strain on healthcare systems and increasing risk for complications and mortality among COVID-19 patients with cardiac risk factors or pre-existing heart conditions. The involvement of the heart in COVID-19 is becoming clear, whether through direct myocardial infection and damage or cardiac complications.","qid":22,"docid":"6p39cx2e","rank":35,"score":7.811999797821045},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, affecting over 5.5 million cases in 215 countries, has been linked to various cardiac manifestations. A systematic review of 61 articles identified risk factors, cardiac manifestations (heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, myocarditis), and cardiac-specific biomarkers (CK-MB, CK, myoglobin, troponin, NT-proBNP).","qid":22,"docid":"8otl3781","rank":36,"score":7.809800148010254},{"content":"The passage is a systematic review of studies on cardiac manifestations and biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. Sixty-one relevant articles were identified, which discussed risk factors for cardiovascular complications, various cardiac manifestations (such as heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, and myocarditis), and the use of cardiac-specific biomarkers (including CK-MB, CK, myoglobin","qid":22,"docid":"qbby61wj","rank":37,"score":7.8097991943359375},{"content":"A case is presented of a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed acute life-threatening cardiac tamponade caused by a small pericardial effusion. The patient experienced circulatory collapse with features of cardiogenic or obstructive shock. Diagnosis was made through bedside echocardiography, leading to life-saving pericardiocentesis. No other cause of pericardial effusion was found except","qid":22,"docid":"p7iraa2k","rank":38,"score":7.798399925231934},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and HRCT features of 132 COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan, China, and explore risk factors for in-hospital death and complications. Patients with an admission glucose level of >11mmol\/L were more likely to require ICU care, develop ARDS and acute cardiac injury, and had a higher death rate than those with an admission glucose level of","qid":22,"docid":"5m4ybd1v","rank":39,"score":7.7829999923706055},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and HRCT features of 132 COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan China, and to explore risk factors for in-hospital death and complications. Patients with an admission glucose level >11mmol\/L were more likely to require ICU care, develop ARDS and acute cardiac injury, and had a higher death rate than those with an admission glucose level <1","qid":22,"docid":"nmolo7rt","rank":40,"score":7.782999038696289},{"content":"A 53-year-old woman with COVID-19 developed acute myopericarditis a week after recovering from upper respiratory symptoms. She presented with severe fatigue, hypotension, and ST elevation on EKG, along with elevated levels of NT-proBNP and troponin T. Chest radiography was normal, and coronary angiography showed no obstructive coronary disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","qid":22,"docid":"m5ji2gu4","rank":41,"score":7.735000133514404},{"content":"A 53-year-old woman with COVID-19 developed acute myopericarditis a week after recovering from upper respiratory symptoms. She presented with severe fatigue, hypotension, and ST elevation on EKG, along with elevated levels of NT-proBNP and troponin T. Chest radiography was normal, and coronary angiography showed no obstructive coronary disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","qid":22,"docid":"ysyqai97","rank":42,"score":7.734999179840088},{"content":"A case is presented of a patient with COVID-19 who developed acute viral pericarditis and cardiac tamponade, highlighting the challenges in treatment due to safety uncertainties and potential complications of delayed diagnosis, particularly in intubated patients. Key takeaways include the consideration of large pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade in COVID-19 patients who deteriorate after intubation and mechanical ventilation, the description of","qid":22,"docid":"cal5fi30","rank":43,"score":7.683899879455566},{"content":"This study examined the relationship between hypertension and COVID-19, as well as the impact of prior use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The study included 996 COVID-19 patients, 282 of whom had hypertension. Patients with hypertension had more severe secondary infections, cardiac and renal dysfunction, and","qid":22,"docid":"95wclabe","rank":44,"score":7.654300212860107},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19 with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including cardiac complications such as myocardial injury, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and sudden death. Drug interactions with COVID-19 treatments may also lead to arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and sudden death. This review outlines the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 infection and suggests a simplified algorithm for patient management during the","qid":22,"docid":"0376d6vf","rank":45,"score":7.642600059509277},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from November 1, 2019 to June 7, 2020 found that COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, specifically congestive heart failure (CHF), and elevated cardiac biomarkers had increased risk of acute cardiac injury, arrhythmias, and mortality. The pooled data from 20 studies included 5,967 COVID-19","qid":22,"docid":"xapokjgd","rank":46,"score":7.641200065612793},{"content":"COVID-19, a global pandemic causing primary respiratory symptoms, also leads to severe cardiac complications including arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, myocardial injury, and heart failure. Severe cases can result in circulatory failure. This review emphasizes a \"Heart-Lung\" team approach for managing patients with severe cardiac complications of COVID-19 and discusses the use and indications for acute","qid":22,"docid":"gs45hgch","rank":47,"score":7.621099948883057},{"content":"COVID-19, a global pandemic causing primary respiratory symptoms, also leads to severe cardiac complications including arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, myocardial injury, and heart failure. Severe cases can result in circulatory failure. This review emphasizes a \"Heart-Lung\" team approach for managing patients with severe cardiac complications of COVID-19 and discusses the use and indications for acute","qid":22,"docid":"mol4s3iz","rank":48,"score":7.62109899520874},{"content":"COVID-19, a global pandemic causing primary respiratory symptoms, also leads to severe cardiac complications including arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, myocardial injury, and heart failure. Severe cases can result in circulatory failure. This review focuses on managing patients with severe cardiac complications using a Heart-Lung team approach and the use of acute mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic and\/or mixed","qid":22,"docid":"sw0xtwno","rank":49,"score":7.621098041534424},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City from March 1 to April 25, 2020, there was a significant increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, with 3 times the incidence compared to the same period in 2019. Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 2020 were older, less white, and had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and physical","qid":22,"docid":"6x8h03u8","rank":50,"score":7.593599796295166},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City from March 1 to April 25, 2020, there was a significant increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, with 3 times the incidence compared to the same period in 2019. Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 2020 were older, less white, and had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and physical","qid":22,"docid":"kxx3szjq","rank":51,"score":7.59359884262085},{"content":"This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and complications of COVID-19 based on 30 studies with 6,389 infected patients. The most common symptoms were fever (84.30%), cough (63.01%), dyspnea (37.16%), fatigue (34.22%), and diarrhea (11.47%). The most prevalent complications were","qid":22,"docid":"aks5z29t","rank":52,"score":7.554900169372559},{"content":"The Indian Resuscitation Council (IRC) has issued guidelines for managing comprehensive cardiopulmonary life support (CCLS) for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients due to the unique challenges posed by the virus. Older individuals with comorbidities are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and have a higher mortality rate. The IRC previously proposed CCLS for hospital settings, but modifications are necessary for COVID-19 patients due to differing causes of","qid":22,"docid":"0j3qaxg0","rank":53,"score":7.535600185394287},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, a directive was issued to halt nonessential cardiac procedures due to the potential need for resources for critically ill COVID-19 patients. A decision analytic model called the COVID-19 Resource Estimator (CORE) was adapted to determine the impact of policy decisions on cardiac patients' waitlists and mortality. In the initial crisis phase, the number of waitlist-related cardiac deaths was predicted to be much less","qid":22,"docid":"166ds3tl","rank":54,"score":7.528299808502197},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, a directive was issued to halt non-essential cardiac procedures due to the potential need for resources for critically ill COVID-19 patients. A decision analytic model called the COVID-19 Resource Estimator (CORE) was adapted to estimate the impact of various policy decisions on waitlist growth and mortality for three cardiovascular disease patient groups. In the initial crisis phase, the number of waitlist-related cardiac","qid":22,"docid":"953hxgs6","rank":55,"score":7.528298854827881},{"content":"A directive was issued in Ontario on March 16, 2020, to halt non-essential cardiac procedures due to the anticipated surge in COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care units, ventilators, and critical care personnel. A decision analytic model called the COVID-19 Resource Estimator (CORE) was adapted with a cardiac component to determine the impact of policy decisions on waitlist growth and mortality for coronary artery disease,","qid":22,"docid":"jlinwjp4","rank":56,"score":7.5282979011535645},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted critical care cardiology due to the disease's respiratory, renal, and cardiovascular complications. The cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) is adapting to the increasing need for critical care beds. This article discusses changes to the CICU, the evolving role of critical care cardiologists, and practical recommendations for structural and organizational changes, staffing, and personnel safety during the","qid":22,"docid":"ei768v4s","rank":57,"score":7.519999980926514},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health emergency with respiratory illness as the primary symptom. The disease can lead to cardiomyopathy, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure due to disruption of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptors. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy","qid":22,"docid":"smkpp89u","rank":58,"score":7.485400199890137},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health emergency with respiratory illness being the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. The disease spectrum ranges from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 uses Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptors for entry into cells, and disruption of these receptors can lead","qid":22,"docid":"ter67nri","rank":59,"score":7.48539924621582},{"content":"The passage discusses the current understanding of cardiovascular complications in patients with COVID-19. The purpose of the review is to explore the potential mechanisms of myocardial injury due to viral toxicities and host immune responses. Recent findings suggest an association between pre-existing cardiac disease and worsened outcomes during COVID-19 infection, as well as increased mortality from new onset myocardial injury. Potential mechanisms of cardiac injury include direct viral","qid":22,"docid":"6f8la6sw","rank":60,"score":7.476500034332275},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is linked to increased cardiac injury and mortality. Potential mechanisms include viral entry through ACE2 receptors, host cell toxicity, hypoxia, and immune responses. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms and effective treatments. Patients with cardiac disease history or new cardiac injury face higher in-hospital risks.","qid":22,"docid":"xkg0ylz8","rank":61,"score":7.476499080657959},{"content":"A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 49 studies with 20,212 confounder-adjusted patients evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of various pharmacological interventions for COVID-19. Tocilizumab, anakinra, and remdesivir reduced the risk of severe pneumonia or ICU admission and mortality in hospitalized patients. High-dose IVIG reduced mortality, while cortic","qid":22,"docid":"9hdft1tc","rank":62,"score":7.47599983215332},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, is spreading globally and affecting millions of people. While information about the disease is rapidly evolving, there is uncertainty regarding optimal management strategies for critically ill patients. These patients may develop severe forms of the disease with expanding pulmonary lesions, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and respiratory failure. Due to a lack of specific data on treatment strategies for this subset of","qid":22,"docid":"5yan9fcn","rank":63,"score":7.452199935913086},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes COVID-19, is linked to acute myocardial injury, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. Individuals with myocardial involvement may experience severe illness. Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle, characterized by mechanical and\/or electrical dysfunction, and can be genetic, mixed, or acquired. The high inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients with","qid":22,"docid":"u6vq5ohr","rank":64,"score":7.449699878692627},{"content":"A study of 700 COVID-19 patients in a large urban hospital found an association between the disease and various arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, bradyarrhythmias, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac arrests occurred only among ICU patients and were linked to increased risk of arrhythmias and mortality. Age, ICU admission, and prevalent heart failure were independent risk factors for arrhythmias.","qid":22,"docid":"0yq5ror7","rank":65,"score":7.447299957275391},{"content":"A study of 700 COVID-19 patients in a large urban hospital found an association between the disease and various arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, bradyarrhythmias, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac arrests occurred only among ICU patients and were linked to increased risk of arrhythmias and mortality. Factors like age, ICU admission, and prevalent heart conditions were independent risk factors for","qid":22,"docid":"sejk04z7","rank":66,"score":7.447299003601074},{"content":"This study analyzed over thirteen million adverse event reports from the US Food and Drug Administration to confirm the association of cardiac side effects with the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The drugs, which are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medications, have been used for treating non-resistant malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, as well","qid":22,"docid":"mjdg84ny","rank":67,"score":7.429599761962891},{"content":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Common symptoms include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue, expectoration, and dyspnea. Laboratory abnormalities include decreased lymphocyte count, thrombocytopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, lact","qid":22,"docid":"3v64a4ei","rank":68,"score":7.416100025177002},{"content":"The passage discusses the uncertain mechanisms of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients, with evidence of a correlation between cardiac injury biomarker troponin T and inflammation marker C-reactive protein. Common mechanisms of myocardial tissue damage include acute myocarditis, ACE2 receptor binding, cytokine secretion, and hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Prospective histopathological studies are necessary for proper treatment","qid":22,"docid":"cuv5xxoj","rank":69,"score":7.414700031280518},{"content":"Three patients with COVID-19 at Northwell Plainview Hospital in New York experienced arterial vascular complications despite prophylaxis, including one with a cerebrovascular accident, another with popliteal artery occlusion, and the third with both. While respiratory complications of COVID-19 are well-documented, non-respiratory complications, such as arterial thromboembolic events, have been limited in","qid":22,"docid":"01yzk0au","rank":70,"score":7.4045000076293945},{"content":"The passage discusses the uncertain mechanisms of cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19, highlighting the correlation between cardiac injury biomarker troponin T and inflammation marker C-reactive protein. Common mechanisms of myocardial tissue damage include acute myocarditis, ACE2 receptor binding, cytokine secretion, and hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Elucidating disease pathogenesis and conducting histopath","qid":22,"docid":"rhvv3l0l","rank":71,"score":7.338500022888184},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, particularly in severe cases. Cardiovascular risk factors and conditions are common among COVID-19 patients and linked to unfavorable outcomes. The relationship between pre-existing cardiovascular disease and higher mortality risk with COVID-19 is uncertain. Acute cardiac injury, which can be identified through increased cardiac troponin levels, electrocardiographic abnormalities, or myocard","qid":22,"docid":"dm9nefdg","rank":72,"score":7.327199935913086},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, particularly in severe cases. Cardiovascular risk factors and conditions are common among COVID-19 patients and linked to unfavorable outcomes. The relationship between pre-existing cardiovascular disease and higher mortality risk with COVID-19 is uncertain. Acute cardiac injury, which can be identified through increased cardiac troponin levels, electrocardiographic abnormalities, or myocard","qid":22,"docid":"umhj7nk7","rank":73,"score":7.3271989822387695},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant strain on healthcare resources, leading to prioritization of coronavirus infected patients and increased risk for cardiovascular patients. Effective management of cardiac patients in hospitals during the pandemic is a challenge. This passage reviews literature and emerging guidelines on the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19, which will impact patient care, healthcare professionals, and cardiac centers.","qid":22,"docid":"5gd0q8yq","rank":74,"score":7.324699878692627},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant strain on healthcare resources, leading to prioritization of coronavirus infected patients and increased risk for cardiovascular patients. Effective management of cardiac patients in hospitals during the pandemic is a challenge. This passage reviews literature and emerging guidelines on the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19, which will impact patient care, healthcare professionals, and cardiac centers.","qid":22,"docid":"nj0ue2c2","rank":75,"score":7.3246989250183105},{"content":"A 77-year-old female with multiple comorbidities and a recent history of hospitalization for cerebral infarction, respiratory tract infection, and chronic cardiac failure developed acute necrotizing encephalitis (ANE), a rare complication of viral respiratory infections. At autopsy, the brain was edematous with encephalomalacia and petechial hemorrhages. Histologically","qid":22,"docid":"98zjtbx6","rank":76,"score":7.307799816131592},{"content":"A nationwide survey of UK consultant cardiac surgeons was conducted to gather opinions on clinical decision making for patients requiring cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey received responses from 86 consultants representing all UK cardiac units. Strong consensus was achieved on performing nasopharyngeal swabs, polymerase chain reaction, and computed tomography of the chest before hospital admission, using full personal protective equipment, considering moderate to high risk of COVID-19 exposure","qid":22,"docid":"2h81uqvu","rank":77,"score":7.2469000816345215},{"content":"A survey was conducted among UK consultant cardiac surgeons to gather their opinions on clinical decision making for patients requiring cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 86 surgeons participated, representing all UK cardiac units. Strong consensus was achieved on several key questions, including the need for pre-admission testing, full PPE use, considering moderate to high risk of COVID-19 exposure, and multidisciplinary team discussions for decision making. There was","qid":22,"docid":"tsg86qav","rank":78,"score":7.246899127960205},{"content":"A patient with unstable angina and multivessel coronary artery disease underwent cardiac surgery but later developed respiratory complications and died from COVID-19. This case highlights the concern for potential adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with COVID-19 infection. Further investigations are required.","qid":22,"docid":"euvj2vvm","rank":79,"score":7.23829984664917},{"content":"A patient with unstable angina and multivessel coronary artery disease underwent cardiac surgery but later developed respiratory complications and died from COVID-19. This case highlights the concern for potential adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with COVID-19 infection. Further investigations are required.","qid":22,"docid":"ynr758pj","rank":80,"score":7.2382988929748535},{"content":"A study conducted at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, China, from January 20, 2020, to February 15, 2020, examined the association between cardiac injury and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Of the 416 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, 82 (19.7%) had cardiac injury. Patients with cardiac injury were older, had more","qid":22,"docid":"qxqo23i9","rank":81,"score":7.232699871063232},{"content":"A study conducted at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, China, from January 20 to February 15, 2020, examined the association between cardiac injury and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Of the 416 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, 82 (19.7%) had cardiac injury. Patients with cardiac injury were older, had more comorbidities, and presented","qid":22,"docid":"rzvws6op","rank":82,"score":7.232698917388916},{"content":"A case series of five COVID-19 patients at a single institution received hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to prevent mechanical ventilation due to tachypnoea and low oxygen saturation despite high FiO2. All patients recovered without the need for mechanical ventilation, and oxygen saturation increased, tachypnoea resolved, and inflammatory markers fell. Three patients have been discharged, and two remain stable. This small study suggests potential benefits","qid":22,"docid":"ayqigfmr","rank":83,"score":7.232500076293945},{"content":"A case series of five COVID-19 patients at a single institution received hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to prevent mechanical ventilation due to tachypnoea and low oxygen saturation despite high FiO2. All patients recovered without the need for mechanical ventilation, and oxygen saturation increased, tachypnoea resolved, and inflammatory markers fell. Three patients have been discharged, and two remain stable. The small sample suggests potential benefits","qid":22,"docid":"k61vabjh","rank":84,"score":7.232499122619629},{"content":"A study identified androgen signaling as a key modulator of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels, which is the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Treatment with 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, such as dutasteride, reduced ACE2 levels and viral entry in human cells. Clinical data showed that abnormal androgen states are linked","qid":22,"docid":"ye15hb3y","rank":85,"score":7.231900215148926},{"content":"Two middle-aged men with no prior medical history developed new-onset atrial fibrillation during hospitalization for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Both patients recovered and were discharged after reverting to sinus rhythm. Physicians should be aware of the potential cardiac complications of COVID-19 and take appropriate precautions. Further research is needed to understand the viral mechanisms causing cardiac rhythm dysregulation.","qid":22,"docid":"z4xb2ezo","rank":86,"score":7.230000019073486},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of recognizing acute cardiac injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although primarily known for causing respiratory issues, cardiac complications have been identified and may be an independent predictor for adverse outcomes. The SARS-CoV-2 virus likely uses angiotensin","qid":22,"docid":"o988xoxn","rank":87,"score":7.2154998779296875},{"content":"A review of studies on COVID-19 and acute myocardial injury: In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused COVID-19 pandemic, predominantly affecting lungs but linked to increased cardiovascular complications. Acute cardiac injury, marked by elevated cardiac troponin levels, is most common cardiac abnormality in COVID-19 and associated with mortality. This article summarizes current data on S","qid":22,"docid":"ja0wyr5w","rank":88,"score":7.207900047302246},{"content":"The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) released a position statement on the importance of recognizing heart involvement in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Up to one-third of these patients may develop acute cardiomyopathy, which could be myocarditis or stress cardiomyopathy. In younger patients, acute heart failure might be the cause of death, even after the acute respiratory phase. The statement proposes a screening","qid":22,"docid":"ihciswq4","rank":89,"score":7.198800086975098},{"content":"The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) released a position statement on the importance of recognizing heart involvement in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Up to one-third of these patients may develop acute cardiomyopathy, which could be myocarditis or stress cardiomyopathy. In younger patients, acute heart failure might be the cause of death, even after the acute respiratory phase. The statement proposes a screening","qid":22,"docid":"zl93fezj","rank":90,"score":7.198799133300781},{"content":"A nationwide survey of UK senior cardiac surgeons was conducted to gather opinions on clinical decision making for patients requiring cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey received responses from 86 consultants representing all UK cardiac units. Strong consensus was achieved on several key questions, including pre-admission testing with nasopharyngeal swab, PCR, and chest CT, full PPE use for theatre teams, and the moderate to high risk of COVID-","qid":22,"docid":"dgyvbarm","rank":91,"score":7.1946001052856445},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant reduction in hospital admissions for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to various reasons. Some factors include changed referral thresholds, healthier lifestyles, better compliance, and reduced stress. However, a more concerning reason is that patients may be staying away from hospitals due to fear of contracting the virus or limited transport options.","qid":22,"docid":"3df1gdeb","rank":92,"score":7.173500061035156},{"content":"Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a global health issue, is linked to a substantial number of cardiovascular events, primarily arrhythmias, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. These events occur in all-cause CAP and CAP caused by influenza, and more recently, in COVID-19 infections. Research focuses on understanding the mechanisms of these cardiac events in pneumococcal CAP and COVID-19,","qid":22,"docid":"k0kud80s","rank":93,"score":7.172999858856201},{"content":"This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of 105 elderly patients with COVID-19 in Hunan Province, China. The majority were young-old patients (81.0%), and most were females (54.3%). Over two-thirds had underlying diseases, with hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac disease being the most common comorbidities. Nearly a quarter were severe or critical cases, and common symptoms included fever, cough, and fatigue","qid":22,"docid":"9jq9xedk","rank":94,"score":7.170599937438965},{"content":"This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of 105 elderly patients with COVID-19 in Hunan Province, China. The majority were young-old patients (81.0%), and most were females (54.3%). Over two-thirds had underlying diseases, with hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac disease being the most common comorbidities. Severe and critical severe cases accounted for 22.9% and 10.5","qid":22,"docid":"atfzbd4z","rank":95,"score":7.170598983764648},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide, with growing evidence of cardiovascular effects and increased severity for those with preexisting heart disease. As case numbers rise, there will be a greater need for post-discharge cardiac care due to an anticipated surge in new or comorbid cardiovascular patients. This report discusses the current state of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and offers recommendations for policymakers and healthcare organizations to","qid":22,"docid":"8508n0ex","rank":96,"score":7.156700134277344},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide, with increasing recognition of the common and harmful cardiovascular effects of the virus. Patients with pre-existing heart conditions are at higher risk for severe disease. As case numbers rise, there will be a greater need for post-hospitalization cardiac rehabilitation. This manuscript discusses the current state of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and offers recommendations for policymakers and healthcare organizations to prepare for","qid":22,"docid":"8obqdbh9","rank":97,"score":7.156699180603027},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cause of COVID-19, is a pandemic disease primarily known for respiratory problems. However, acute cardiac injury associated with the virus cannot be disregarded as it may predict adverse outcomes. Recent findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 receptors for entry into cells, and ACE2-related signaling pathways may contribute to myocardial injury. Therefore, healthcare","qid":22,"docid":"uhmxkvit","rank":98,"score":7.156400203704834},{"content":"This study reports on two COVID-19 patients with fulminant myocarditis who underwent ECMO treatment in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital between January 2020 and February 2020. The study compares laboratory test results and cardiopulmonary function before and after ECMO treatment at various time intervals. Both patients showed improvements in acute lung injury score, oxygenation index, albumin level, hypersensitive C-re","qid":22,"docid":"wlwt65w5","rank":99,"score":7.131700038909912},{"content":"COVID-19, a pandemic respiratory virus, causes various cardiac complications from heart failure to diastolic dysfunction. Downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 by COVID-19 harms the endothelium and cardiomyocytes. Hypercytokinaemia, induced by COVID-19, injures the myocardium and endothelium through interleukin-1 and inter","qid":22,"docid":"tkbctdyj","rank":100,"score":7.1244001388549805}]}
{"query":"what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with hypertension?","hits":[{"content":"The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. Comorbidities, including hypertension, increase the susceptibility and risk of unfavorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Several studies have explored the relationship between COVID-19 and hypertension, discussing potential risks such as antihypertensive therapy and management approaches.","qid":23,"docid":"ta9g9ceh","rank":1,"score":9.729499816894531},{"content":"This passage discusses the potential relationship between hypertension and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The review questions if hypertension influences immunity or ACE2 expression, if the risks of complications are mediated by its treatment, and if aging is a major factor in patients with both hypertension and COVID-19. Recent findings suggest no evidence that hypertension or its treatment with RAS inhibitors negatively impact","qid":23,"docid":"gwefujal","rank":2,"score":9.400899887084961},{"content":"The passage discusses the association between hypertension and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. While hypertension is a common risk factor, there is no evidence that it influences immunity or ACE2 expression in favor of viral infections. The use of RAS inhibitors, which may increase ACE2 levels, is a concern, but there is no proof that they worsen outcomes in COVID-19. Future studies are required to confirm hypertension","qid":23,"docid":"n4dgqo73","rank":3,"score":9.400898933410645},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in thousands of deaths and no effective treatments have been identified. Many patients with COVID-19 have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with a chronic inflammatory state. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit elevated levels of inflammatory markers, which are predictive of a poor prognosis. The authors","qid":23,"docid":"9qpe4qm4","rank":4,"score":8.643799781799316},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in thousands of deaths and no effective treatments have been identified. Many patients with COVID-19 have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with a chronic inflammatory state. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit elevated levels of inflammatory markers, which are predictive of a poor prognosis. The authors","qid":23,"docid":"weyym7tx","rank":5,"score":8.643798828125},{"content":"A study identified risk factors for COVID-19 lethality in Mexico, including early-onset diabetes, obesity, COPD, advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression, and CKD. Obesity was found to mediate 49.5% of the effect of diabetes on COVID-19 lethality. The study also developed a clinical score to predict COVID-19 lethality, including age \u226565 years","qid":23,"docid":"xrmwpep6","rank":6,"score":8.595199584960938},{"content":"A study identified risk factors for COVID-19 lethality in Mexico, including obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression, and chronic kidney disease. Obesity was found to mediate 49.5% of the effect of diabetes on COVID-19 lethality. The study developed a clinical score to predict COVID-19 lethality based on age, diabetes,","qid":23,"docid":"ezny6ajo","rank":7,"score":8.484399795532227},{"content":"A study using electronic health records from Michigan Medicine identified racial differences in COVID-19 outcomes and comorbidities. Blacks\/African Americans had higher hospitalization and death rates. The study, a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), examined 1,043 pre-existing conditions and their association with COVID-19 outcomes in 5,698 patients, stratified by race. Obesity, iron deficiency anemia,","qid":23,"docid":"915x3q19","rank":8,"score":8.476400375366211},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for managing patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases due to their compromised antiviral immunity. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and older age increase the risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association\u2013European Dialysis and Transplant Association aims to provide recommendations for managing these patients based on available evidence","qid":23,"docid":"3bvtcdja","rank":9,"score":8.369199752807617},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for managing patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases due to their compromised antiviral immunity. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and older age increase the risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association provides recommendations to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection","qid":23,"docid":"ln9xw11k","rank":10,"score":8.3691987991333},{"content":"The Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) and National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM), along with other related medical associations, have issued recommendations for patients with cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations cover general measures such as personal care, healthy eating, and regular physical activity, as well as specific topics like systemic arterial hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, and acute coronary syndromes. Precise","qid":23,"docid":"r3krlegp","rank":11,"score":8.319700241088867},{"content":"A case is presented of a patient who developed unusually rapid pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure after severe COVID-19 pneumonia and cytokine release syndrome. These complications, which may be caused by progressive pulmonary parenchymal and microvascular damage, have not been described before in relation to COVID-19. COVID-19 is associated with systemic and multi-organ involvement, including vascular, thrombo","qid":23,"docid":"7xqmuoye","rank":12,"score":8.318599700927734},{"content":"The Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) and National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM), along with other Mexican medical associations, have issued recommendations on managing cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document provides scientific analysis and responsible recommendations for patients, including personal care, healthy eating, regular physical activity, and actions in case of cardio-respiratory arrest. Precise indications are given for non-invasive cardiovascular imaging","qid":23,"docid":"thx2xtsl","rank":13,"score":8.246899604797363},{"content":"The Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) and National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM), along with related medical associations, have issued recommendations for patients with cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document provides general measures such as personal care, healthy eating, and regular physical activity. It also offers precise indications for non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, medication prescription, and care for specific conditions like hypertension, heart failure,","qid":23,"docid":"p7ldfrbv","rank":14,"score":8.231599807739258},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for urinary biomarkers to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by high salt intake, particularly in normotensive individuals where symptoms are not apparent. Traditional renal biomarkers like serum creatinine are insensitive for detecting kidney injury caused by high salt intake. New biomarkers for renal tubular epithelial damage such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lip","qid":23,"docid":"i3ydg93k","rank":15,"score":8.226900100708008},{"content":"The passage discusses the prevalence of hypertension as a comorbidity among COVID-19 patients and explores the potential association between hypertension and susceptibility to the virus, as well as the impact of hypertension on COVID-19 outcomes. While hypertension is consistently found to be the most prevalent comorbidity among COVID-19 patients, there is conflicting evidence regarding its independent predictive value on mortality. Some studies suggest that hy","qid":23,"docid":"9nbj3ckb","rank":16,"score":8.15839958190918},{"content":"The passage discusses the prevalence of hypertension as a comorbidity among COVID-19 patients and explores the potential association between hypertension and susceptibility to the virus, as well as the impact of hypertension on COVID-19 outcomes. While hypertension is consistently found to be the most prevalent comorbidity among COVID-19 patients, there is conflicting evidence regarding its independent predictive value on mortality. Some studies suggest that hy","qid":23,"docid":"hzb2fkj5","rank":17,"score":8.158398628234863},{"content":"The passage discusses the background and aims of a study evaluating the outcome of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and the relation to the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASB). The study found that hypertension was present in approximately 21% of COVID-19 patients, followed by diabetes in nearly 11% and established cardiovascular disease in approximately 7%. While there is an emerging suggestion of increased mortality in","qid":23,"docid":"1y78dfsl","rank":18,"score":8.081600189208984},{"content":"The passage discusses the background and aims of a study evaluating the outcome of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and the relation to the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASB). From ten Chinese studies with a total of 2209 patients, hypertension was present in approximately 21%, followed by diabetes in nearly 11%, and established cardiovascular disease in approximately 7%. The data suggests an increased mortality","qid":23,"docid":"7kw9lws0","rank":19,"score":8.081599235534668},{"content":"The passage discusses the disproportionate impact of hypertension on African Americans, who have a higher burden of associated comorbidities like diabetes and heart failure. The causes of hypertension in this population are primarily environmental and lifestyle factors, including poor diet, adverse lifestyle, and social determinants. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions can be used to manage hypertension, with research ongoing into the effectiveness of renal denervation, sodium-gl","qid":23,"docid":"cn2j9ih4","rank":20,"score":8.076299667358398},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between metabolic comorbidities, such as diabetes, obesity, and arterial hypertension, and the worsened prognosis of COVID-19. Obese individuals are more susceptible to infections and serve as a pathogen reservoir. Diabetic individuals have higher inflammatory processes due to constant glucose recognition. Hypertensive individuals, treated with ACE-inhibitors and ARBs","qid":23,"docid":"cn3bpmwj","rank":21,"score":8.069499969482422},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury in the context of COVID-19. Contrary to popular belief, there is no strong evidence that hypertension itself is an independent risk factor for COVID-19. However, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, which are used to treat hypertension and block the RAS,","qid":23,"docid":"y4h95kb4","rank":22,"score":8.004400253295898},{"content":"The passage discusses the prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among COVID-19 patients and the conflicting data regarding the effect of these comorbidities on the outcome of COVID-19. The evaluation of the treatment of hypertension and CVD in COVID-19 patients is scarce, and some investigations suggest a possible association between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)","qid":23,"docid":"bwkad2s0","rank":23,"score":7.973800182342529},{"content":"This study examined the relationship between hypertension and COVID-19, as well as the impact of prior use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The study included 996 COVID-19 patients, 282 of whom had hypertension. Patients with hypertension had more severe secondary infections, cardiac and renal dysfunction, and","qid":23,"docid":"95wclabe","rank":24,"score":7.938899993896484},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury in the context of COVID-19. Contrary to popular belief, there is a lack of solid evidence that hypertension itself is an independent risk factor for COVID-19. Instead, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, which are used to treat hypertension and block the R","qid":23,"docid":"69qefbbo","rank":25,"score":7.924799919128418},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying hypertension and its association with endothelial dysfunction, and the role of miRNAs in endothelial cells. The latest findings include the modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldoster","qid":23,"docid":"az2t6jjx","rank":26,"score":7.904699802398682},{"content":"A study aimed to map COVID-19-related worries and overall psychosocial health among people with diabetes in Denmark during the initial pandemic phase. The survey of 2430 adult diabetic panel members revealed that over half were worried about being disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to their diabetes, and one-third were concerned about being labeled as high-risk and struggling to manage diabetes if infected. Logistic regression analysis identified females, those with type","qid":23,"docid":"3jolt83r","rank":27,"score":7.904200077056885},{"content":"A study aimed to map COVID-19-related worries and overall psychosocial health among people with diabetes in Denmark. The survey of 2430 adults with diabetes revealed that over half were worried about being disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to their diabetes, and one-third were concerned about being labeled as high-risk and struggling to manage diabetes if infected. Logistic regression analysis identified females, those with type 1 diabetes, diabetes complications","qid":23,"docid":"hycd9zua","rank":28,"score":7.904199123382568},{"content":"A study found a positive correlation between the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and the GDP at the prefectural level in Chinese Mainland as of February 2020. Cities with higher GDP had more confirmed cases during the epidemic spread.","qid":23,"docid":"go442ycb","rank":29,"score":7.867599964141846},{"content":"A retrospective study of hypertensive patients with Covid-19 found that older age, diabetes, and hypertensive myocardiopathy increased the risk of severe Covid-19 hospitalization. Contrary to previous hypotheses, ARB treatment was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.88), while the trend was similar but not significant","qid":23,"docid":"bwg3tzx8","rank":30,"score":7.857699871063232},{"content":"A retrospective study of hypertensive patients with Covid-19 found that older age, diabetes, and hypertensive myocardiopathy increased the risk of severe Covid-19 hospitalization. Contrary to previous hypotheses, ARB treatment was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10 \u2013 0.88), while the trend was similar but not significant","qid":23,"docid":"wxpfg25n","rank":31,"score":7.857698917388916},{"content":"The study investigated the relationship between hypertension, use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibiting medications, and the expression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the kidney. Contrary to previous hypotheses, the data from 436 patients revealed no association between hypertension or common RAS inhibiting drugs and renal expression of ACE2. The study also found that ACE2","qid":23,"docid":"uyyd1m1p","rank":32,"score":7.83050012588501},{"content":"This retrospective cohort study analyzed the medical records of 1031 COVID-19 patients admitted to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China between January 27 and March 8, 2020. Of the 165 patients who died in hospital, 73% had chronic comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common. Patients with hypertension had a 2.8-fold increased risk of mort","qid":23,"docid":"d7q7m7zz","rank":33,"score":7.803400039672852},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 studies found that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of composite poor outcomes, including mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and disease progression, in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The association was stronger in older patients and those with hypertension. The meta-analysis showed that DM increased the risk of composite poor outcomes","qid":23,"docid":"hj5zcw2v","rank":34,"score":7.799099922180176},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 studies found that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of composite poor outcomes, including mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and disease progression, in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The association was stronger in younger patients and those without hypertension. Meta-regression indicated that age and hypertension influenced the association","qid":23,"docid":"u6uqroi0","rank":35,"score":7.799098968505859},{"content":"The passage presents findings from a study using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate the risk of severe complications from COVID-19 in the US, revealing significant disparities based on race-ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The study highlights the prevalence of health conditions like hypertension linked to COVID-19 complications and shows these disparities emerge early in life, increasing vulnerability to severe respiratory infections for non-His","qid":23,"docid":"qk0cyee2","rank":36,"score":7.720799922943115},{"content":"The passage discusses how older adults and those with comorbidities, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease, are at higher risk for severe outcomes and mortality from COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Older adults in the US have a significant percentage of these conditions, increasing their risk of infection. Medications like angiotensin-converting","qid":23,"docid":"kd4uxcve","rank":37,"score":7.683199882507324},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2, which leads to worse outcomes and higher mortality rates in older adults and those with comorbidities like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease. Many older adults have these conditions and are also taking medications such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, which may upregulate the A","qid":23,"docid":"vhfl6l6k","rank":38,"score":7.683198928833008},{"content":"This retrospective observational study examined the relationship between hypertension, antihypertensive treatment, and mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at Huo Shen Shan Hospital in Wuhan, China. Among 2877 patients, 29.5% had a history of hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, patients with hypertension had a two-fold increase in mortality risk compared to those without hypertension (4","qid":23,"docid":"2nftsv4f","rank":39,"score":7.679599761962891},{"content":"This retrospective observational study examined the relationship between hypertension, antihypertensive treatment, and mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at Huo Shen Shan Hospital in Wuhan, China. Among 2877 patients, 29.5% had a history of hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, patients with hypertension had a two-fold increase in mortality risk compared to those without hypertension (4","qid":23,"docid":"gjahdnay","rank":40,"score":7.679598808288574},{"content":"During the COVID-19 lockdown in India, a study of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes found that 21% reported an increase in carbohydrate consumption, 23% snacked more frequently, 27% consumed more fruits, 42% exercised less, 19% gained weight, and 23% did self-monitoring of blood glucose less often. Additionally, 87% reported mental stress","qid":23,"docid":"keseey9x","rank":41,"score":7.666600227355957},{"content":"During the COVID-19 lockdown in India, a study of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes found that 21% reported an increase in carbohydrate consumption, 23% snacked more frequently, 27% consumed more fruits, 42% exercised less, 19% gained weight, and 23% did self-monitoring of blood glucose less often. Additionally, 87% reported mental stress","qid":23,"docid":"s1eo9qdi","rank":42,"score":7.666599273681641},{"content":"A study of 133 hypertensive COVID-19 patients found no significant difference in hospital admission rates, oxygen therapy, or need for non-invasive ventilation between those taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). However, those on RAAS inhibitors had a lower rate of admission to semi-intensive\/intensive care units (OR 0","qid":23,"docid":"82m84n4w","rank":43,"score":7.665599822998047},{"content":"A study of 133 hypertensive COVID-19 patients found no significant difference in hospital admission rates, oxygen therapy, or need for non-invasive ventilation between those taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). However, those on RAAS inhibitors had a lower rate of admission to semi-intensive\/intensive care units (OR 0","qid":23,"docid":"w2bhtu9f","rank":44,"score":7.6655988693237305},{"content":"This passage reports on a single-center experience of treating 501 intracranial aneurysms with stent-assisted coiling over an 8-year period. The study identified 22 (4.58%) procedure-related complications, resulting in death for 4 patients (0.83%) and morbidity for 4 patients (0.83%). Complications were more common in patients with hypertension, those who under","qid":23,"docid":"i85i6tep","rank":45,"score":7.648099899291992},{"content":"A systemic review and meta-analysis of clinical data on COVID-19 patients identified preexisting chronic conditions like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes as risk factors for severe disease and increased mortality. Acute cardiac injury and acute kidney injury were also found to be strongly correlated with COVID-19-related mortality. Close monitoring of organ function is recommended for COVID-19 patients due to the high risk of","qid":23,"docid":"mez1k8t0","rank":46,"score":7.639500141143799},{"content":"Hypertension is a prevalent issue among adults in Haiti, leading to a high rate of morbidity and cardiovascular disease-related hospital admissions. An integrative review of eight publications identified common themes of high prevalence in rural areas, public health challenges, lack of awareness, and barriers to effective treatment. Further research and culturally tailored prevention strategies and disease management programs are recommended to better serve this vulnerable population. There is a need for more quality evidence to guide","qid":23,"docid":"bc26pz53","rank":47,"score":7.637499809265137},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak, pregnant women should be classified as low or high risk for hypertensive disorders and adjustments made to antenatal care accordingly. All pregnant women should have a sphygmomanometer at home and monitor for signs of hypertension. Women with suspected hypertensive disorders and severe symptoms should be evaluated with blood tests and possibly hospitalized. Current guidelines suggest delivery after 34 weeks with preeclampsia, but during COVID-19,","qid":23,"docid":"i7vtddsj","rank":48,"score":7.63539981842041},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women should be classified as low or high risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to minimize unnecessary visits to healthcare facilities. All pregnant women should have a sphygmomanometer at home and be instructed on signs and symptoms of hypertension. Women with suspected hypertensive disorders and severe symptoms should undergo evaluation including blood tests and possible hospitalization. Current guidelines suggest delivery after 34 weeks with preeclampsia, but during","qid":23,"docid":"mnxmb5pz","rank":49,"score":7.635398864746094},{"content":"The passage discusses the significance and increasing prevalence of hypertension (HTN), the leading risk factor for adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. Several organizations have recently updated their guidelines for HTN diagnosis and treatment. This review compares the latest guidelines from the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association, multiple U.S. societies, European Society of Cardiology\/European Society of Hypertension, National Institute for Care and Health Excellence, and International Society of","qid":23,"docid":"3kxn8l2e","rank":50,"score":7.62939977645874},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential relationship between cholesterol levels and the severity of COVID-19. Patients with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity may experience more severe cases of COVID-19. High cholesterol levels are linked to an increased number of ACE2 receptors, which SARS-CoV-2 uses for entry into host cells. Statins, which lower cholesterol levels, have been suggested","qid":23,"docid":"tdjkkeh2","rank":51,"score":7.629000186920166},{"content":"This review summarizes current knowledge on COVID-19 and pregnancy. The virus, which has been a global health issue since December 2019, has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The review aims to provide an overview of symptoms in pregnant women with COVID-19 and potential risks to fetuses and neonates. Data was extracted from studies published in English on Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus up to April 2, ","qid":23,"docid":"lqfzte7w","rank":52,"score":7.592599868774414},{"content":"The passage is a review summarizing current knowledge about COVID-19 and its impact on pregnancy. The review covers early symptoms of COVID-19, which include fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, and fatigue, and less common symptoms such as sputum production, headache, hemoptysis, and diarrhea. There is no evidence of vertical maternal-fetal transmission of COVID-19. Pregnant women with COVID-1","qid":23,"docid":"r4c7nldn","rank":53,"score":7.592598915100098},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 26 studies found that the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19 was 8.4% (95% CI 6.0% to 11.7%), with a pooled incidence of renal replacement therapy of 3.6% (95% CI 1.8% to 7.1%). The incidence of AKI was higher","qid":23,"docid":"0591zxc7","rank":54,"score":7.562099933624268},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 26 studies found that the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19 was 8.4% (95% CI 6.0% to 11.7%), with a pooled incidence of renal replacement therapy of 3.6% (95% CI 1.8% to 7.1%). The incidence of AKI was higher","qid":23,"docid":"pqr593us","rank":55,"score":7.562098979949951},{"content":"The passage suggests a potential link between oral health and the severity of COVID-19 complications. Patients with severe COVID-19 often have underlying conditions like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Periodontitis, a common oral disease, is linked to non-oral systemic diseases. The oral cavity can harbor respiratory pathogens, increasing the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with periodontal disease. Therefore,","qid":23,"docid":"a91obysp","rank":56,"score":7.554800033569336},{"content":"COVID-19, a global pandemic causing strain on healthcare and economies, impacts the cardiovascular system in addition to the lungs. Patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases and risk factors face increased severity and mortality from COVID-19. Conversely, COVID-19 leads to various cardiovascular complications, enhancing morbidity and mortality. It's essential to stay updated on the evolving data regarding the cardiovascular involvement of COVID-1","qid":23,"docid":"o6a30irm","rank":57,"score":7.54040002822876},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, routine health services have been reduced, and specialists have shifted to focus on COVID-19 cases. Obstetric assistance cannot be suspended, but safety measures are necessary. Changes in clinical habits are required to accommodate COVID-19 positive pregnant patients, who need additional care. This report details the management setup in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit at a University Hospital in Milan, Italy, during the COVID-19 era.","qid":23,"docid":"jf9whlu7","rank":58,"score":7.4791998863220215},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, obstetric assistance couldn't be suspended despite the need to reorganize the entire healthcare system. In Milan, Italy, a University Obstetrics and Gynecology Department adapted to ensure safety for pregnant patients, who require additional care if positive for COVID-19. Clinical habits were changed to address emerging needs.","qid":23,"docid":"zd3niwqc","rank":59,"score":7.479198932647705},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to examine the relationship between hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer, kidney disease, and high-cholesterol with COVID-19 disease severity and fatality. A search of 59,000 articles was conducted using an automated search engine, resulting in 54 articles for full review. Diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol were found to have an apparent relation to COVID-19 severity","qid":23,"docid":"kc8xff5n","rank":60,"score":7.463200092315674},{"content":"A meta-analysis of nine studies involving 3936 patients with hypertension and COVID-19 infection found that ACEI\/ARB therapy, part of RAAS inhibitors, was not associated with disease severity but was linked to lower mortality rates (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.84, P 0.004, I2 0). The use of RAAS","qid":23,"docid":"pknvtj3q","rank":61,"score":7.449900150299072},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to examine the relationship between hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer, kidney issues, and high-cholesterol with COVID-19 disease severity. A search of 59,000 articles was reduced to 54 after filtering using keywords and questions. Diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol were found to have a relation to COVID-19 severity, but further research is needed for cancer","qid":23,"docid":"ab5tgbvm","rank":62,"score":7.436500072479248},{"content":"The study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 related deaths in adults (< 65 years) and older adults (\u2265 65 years) in Italy. The analysis of medical charts of 3,032 patients revealed that older adults had more comorbidities and higher prevalence of certain conditions like ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, dementia, COPD, and chronic re","qid":23,"docid":"yawjdt5h","rank":63,"score":7.433499813079834},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which had claimed over 137,000 lives as of April 2020, has prompted the global scientific community to focus on containing and stopping its spread. This requires collaboration among researchers and practitioners in various fields, raising questions about research priorities, coordination, and involvement. In a comparative bibliometric study of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, the present paper finds","qid":23,"docid":"h4vigeuy","rank":64,"score":7.426599979400635},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential relationship between high blood pressure, comorbidities, and the susceptibility to and mortality from COVID-19. It mentions the hypothesis that excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) could contribute to COVID-19 related lung injury, leading to concerns about the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors due","qid":23,"docid":"ynias4ga","rank":65,"score":7.398200035095215},{"content":"A retrospective study of 113 hypertensive Covid-19 patients found that those using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inh) and angiotensinogen receptor blockers (ARBs) had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (30.9%) than those not using these medications (OR: 3.66; 95%CI: 1.11-18.","qid":23,"docid":"9o4fymyg","rank":66,"score":7.3979997634887695},{"content":"A retrospective study of 113 hypertensive Covid-19 patients found that those using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inh) and angiotensinogen receptor blockers (ARBs) had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (30.9%) than those not using these medications (OR: 3.66; 95%CI: 1.11-18.","qid":23,"docid":"o2zoy270","rank":67,"score":7.397998809814453},{"content":"The study assessed the relationship between previous use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics and the likelihood of testing positive for Covid-19 or developing severe illness among patients with positive results. Using Bayesian methods, the study found no substantial increase in the likelihood of a positive test or in the risk of severe illness associated with any of these medication classes.","qid":23,"docid":"fskfnmig","rank":68,"score":7.357900142669678},{"content":"The study assessed the relationship between previous use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics and the likelihood of testing positive for Covid-19 or developing severe illness among patients with positive results. Using Bayesian methods, the study found no substantial increase in the likelihood of a positive test or in the risk of severe illness associated with any of these medication classes.","qid":23,"docid":"oapjfamm","rank":69,"score":7.357899188995361},{"content":"The study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 related deaths in adults under 65 years and older adults over 65 years in Italy. The analysis of medical charts of 3,032 patients revealed that older adults had more comorbidities and higher prevalence of certain conditions like ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, dementia, COPD, and chronic renal failure. In","qid":23,"docid":"zl2ohake","rank":70,"score":7.331900119781494},{"content":"A study aimed to develop a model to estimate the risk status of patients at a nationwide pharmacy chain in the US for severe COVID-19 complications. The model used age, underlying health conditions, and urban density as risk parameters. Of the 30 million adults included, nearly 63% were considered high-risk, with age being the biggest contributor. The study showed that certain counties have high-risk populations and the interactive map can aid in proactive planning","qid":23,"docid":"ayi1m7rk","rank":71,"score":7.323299884796143},{"content":"A study aimed to develop a model to estimate the risk status of patients at a nationwide pharmacy chain in the US for severe COVID-19 complications, using age, underlying health conditions, and urban density as risk parameters. Of the 30 million adults included, nearly 63% were considered high-risk, with age being the biggest contributor. The model, using data from about 10% of the US population, is the most comprehensive to estimate county-level","qid":23,"docid":"b72m9x9j","rank":72,"score":7.323298931121826},{"content":"A patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) contracted COVID-19 from their spouse and died from complications. IPF, a disease more prevalent in the elderly, increases the risk of serious complications from COVID-19. Few reviews exist on COVID-19 in IPF patients, making this case noteworthy for raising awareness and emphasizing the importance of precautions for IPF patients to reduce the risk of contract","qid":23,"docid":"a36pn7rz","rank":73,"score":7.274099826812744},{"content":"The study aimed to analyze risk factors for death in patients with severe and critical COVID-19 and construct a predictive model using logistic regression. The analysis of 105 patients revealed that older age, male gender, comorbidities (coronary heart disease, hypertension, myocardial damage, thrombocytopenia), and mechanical ventilation were significant risk factors for mortality. The constructed model had an AUC of 0.8","qid":23,"docid":"rxpdo0q1","rank":74,"score":7.269800186157227},{"content":"The study aimed to analyze risk factors of death and their predictive value in patients with severe and critical COVID-19 using logistic regression at Yangtze River Shipping General Hospital in Wuhan. Of the 105 patients, 42 died and 63 survived. Older age, male gender, comorbidities (coronary heart disease, hypertension, myocardial damage, thrombocytopenia), and mechanical ventilation","qid":23,"docid":"w3ep1ubr","rank":75,"score":7.26979923248291},{"content":"The study aimed to analyze the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and related molecules in various primary human cells and tissues from healthy individuals and those with risk factors and comorbidities of COVID-19. RNA sequencing and available databases were used to explore gene expression and co-expression of ACE2, CD147 (BSG), CD26 (DPP4), and their molecular partners in bronchial epithel","qid":23,"docid":"8gs2spvy","rank":76,"score":7.250400066375732},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to analyze the expression of potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors and related molecules in various primary human cells and tissues from healthy individuals and those with risk factors and comorbidities of COVID-19. The study used RNA sequencing and available databases to explore gene expression and co-expression of ACE2, CD147 (BSG), CD26 (DPP4), and their molecular partners","qid":23,"docid":"fwu28811","rank":77,"score":7.250399112701416},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected individuals with obesity, who are at higher risk for severe complications and mortality. This is due to the presence of obesity-related comorbidities, such as pulmonary diseases, and immune system impairments that worsen the infection. Prevention through social distancing, hygiene, and a healthy lifestyle is crucial. Obesity patients should prioritize access to primary care services and","qid":23,"docid":"q784lpo9","rank":78,"score":7.220699787139893},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has infected over ten million people with over 500,000 deaths, and about half have recovered. A subgroup of individuals, particularly those with obesity, are at greater risk of severe complications and higher mortality. Obesity-related comorbidities, such as pulmonary diseases, and immune system impairments increase vulnerability to COVID-19. Prevention includes social distancing, hygiene, and","qid":23,"docid":"vyzy6lmg","rank":79,"score":7.220698833465576},{"content":"The Swedish Registry for Renal Denervation study analyzed data from 252 patients with resistant hypertension who underwent renal denervation between 2011 and 2015. The results showed a significant decrease in office and ambulatory blood pressure six months after the procedure, which persisted for up to 36 months. Major vascular complications occurred in four patients, and there were no changes in renal function or the number of ant","qid":23,"docid":"tdfrzxz0","rank":80,"score":7.195000171661377},{"content":"This multicenter study reports on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic and trauma services in three hospitals in Tuscany, Italy. During the COVID-19 era in March 2020, scheduled surgeries drastically decreased, with most procedures being carried out for tumors, infections, and implant mobilizations. Trauma activities slightly decreased, with proximal femur fractures remaining constant and minor traumas drastically","qid":23,"docid":"j8szwaqj","rank":81,"score":7.156199932098389},{"content":"A scoping review summarized 24 reported cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) associated with COVID-19. Most cases were from Italy and the USA, affecting mostly males aged 23-84 years. Clinical presentations included typical sensory-motor GBS, facial palsy, abducent nerve palsy, and paraparetic GBS variant with autonomic dysfunction. Electrodiagnostics confirmed ac","qid":23,"docid":"oc2pb00b","rank":82,"score":7.142399787902832},{"content":"This passage aims to update mental health professionals on the changing definition of COVID-19 diagnosis, focusing on available tests for diagnosis and antibody detection. It also provides information about the disease, risks, and ongoing treatment developments. The article concludes with resources for further information.","qid":23,"docid":"b5efo2fm","rank":83,"score":7.140500068664551},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the precautions taken by Turkish dentists in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was sent to 1,958 Turkish dentists between March 16 and March 20, 2020. Of the respondents, 65.1% were general dentists and 34.9% were specialists. Only 26.7% of dentists had attended an informational meeting on","qid":23,"docid":"6d25aq3i","rank":84,"score":7.137800216674805},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the precautions taken by Turkish dentists in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey included 1,958 Turkish dentists, with 65.1% being general dentists and 34.9% specialists. Most dentists were aware of COVID-19 and concerned about themselves and their families, but only 12% wore N95 masks. While some precautions were taken, they were","qid":23,"docid":"crtf3fhk","rank":85,"score":7.137799263000488},{"content":"The passage is a summary of a meta-analysis study on the prevalence and risk factors of COVID-19. The study found that fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea were the most common symptoms in COVID-19 patients, with incidences of 85.6%, 65.7%, 42.4%, and 21.4%, respectively. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (15.6","qid":23,"docid":"r4e4tg7r","rank":86,"score":7.128300189971924},{"content":"The passage is a summary of a meta-analysis study on COVID-19. The study found that fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea are the most common symptoms in COVID-19 patients, with prevalence rates of 85.6%, 65.7%, 42.4%, and 21.4%, respectively. Comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and malignancy were present in","qid":23,"docid":"u42iq0jk","rank":87,"score":7.128299236297607},{"content":"This passage is about a study that aimed to evaluate the association between hypertension and the severity or mortality of COVID-19. The study identified and pooled data from various sources to calculate the odds ratio of hypertension in patients with severe COVID-19 and those who died from the disease. The results showed that hypertension was significantly associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of severe COVID-19 and a similar increase in mortality risk. Additionally","qid":23,"docid":"komx6t5h","rank":88,"score":7.127900123596191},{"content":"The study identified 49.1% of COVID-19 patients admitted to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan between January 26, 2020 and February 5, 2020 as severe cases. Elder age, hypertension, high cytokine levels (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-a), and high LDH level were risk factors for severe COVID-19.","qid":23,"docid":"0euaaspo","rank":89,"score":7.125500202178955},{"content":"The study identified 49.1% of COVID-19 patients admitted to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan as severe cases. Factors associated with severe COVID-19 on admission included older age, hypertension, high cytokine levels, and high lactate dehydrogenase. The mortality rate was 32.5% in severe cases compared to 1.1% in nonsevere cases during the follow-up period. F","qid":23,"docid":"im9v9ezp","rank":90,"score":7.125499248504639},{"content":"A study was conducted to assess the outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) as a treatment for morbid obesity. The review included 183 patients between 2009 and 2015. At one year post-op, median percentage excess body weight loss (%EWL) was 57.6% with a reduction in BMI of 16 kg\/m2. At two years, median %","qid":23,"docid":"2byzoaa7","rank":91,"score":7.120500087738037},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus poses a significant threat to global health and causes social and economic disruption. The virus enters and infects cells through Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed in endothelial cells, respiratory epithelium, and other cell types. In normal conditions, ACE2 generates angiotensin fragments and plays a crucial","qid":23,"docid":"ln9cv9zb","rank":92,"score":7.109899997711182},{"content":"A retrospective study of 110 COVID-19 patients at Wuhan Fourth Hospital found that hypertensive patients had a lower lymphocyte count and higher crude mortality rate compared to non-hypertensive patients. Patients with hypertension who took ACEI or ARB drugs were younger but had similar crude cure and mortality rates. The study suggests that hypertension and old age may increase the risk of poor outcomes in COVID-1","qid":23,"docid":"d4mf43j9","rank":93,"score":7.089099884033203},{"content":"A retrospective study of 110 COVID-19 patients at Wuhan Fourth Hospital found that hypertensive patients had a lower lymphocyte count and higher crude mortality rate compared to non-hypertensive patients. Patients with hypertension who took ACEI or ARB drugs were younger but had similar crude cure and mortality rates. The study suggests that hypertension and old age may increase the risk of poor outcomes in COVID-1","qid":23,"docid":"faz8uw2d","rank":94,"score":7.089098930358887},{"content":"A female academic reflects on the intersection of motherhood and academic productivity during Covid-19. A hospital procedure brought up feelings of mothering and being mothered, highlighting how these roles impact relationships. The author aims to provide support and contain fear and anxiety for all women during this challenging time.","qid":23,"docid":"jbuy5jjw","rank":95,"score":7.088099956512451},{"content":"The passage suggests that early data from COVID-19 patients in Wuhan revealed that a significant number of them were male, aged 40 to 60, and had comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Among hospitalized ICU patients, 25% had cardiovascular disease and 58% had hypertension, compared to 10% and 22% for non-ICU patients. The authors suggest that individuals","qid":23,"docid":"io8hm94a","rank":96,"score":7.086599826812744},{"content":"The Republic of Panama, with its high wealth inequality and high COVID-19 incidence rate, offers valuable insights into potential risks and research opportunities for Latin American countries. This paper explores two questions: what unique risks does Panama face that could prepare other countries, and what scientific knowledge can Panama contribute to the regional and global study of COVID-19? The paper suggests ways for the research community to support local health authorities in planning for different scenarios and reducing public anxiety. It also","qid":23,"docid":"x16659y5","rank":97,"score":7.083199977874756},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020, affects many patients with underlying chronic conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and hypertension. The literature review discusses the lack of evidence on managing diabetes during COVID-19 infection. The presence of diabetes and CVD increases inflammation and worsens patient outcomes. Therefore, managing dysglycemia and other CVD risk factors is crucial. The review explores the possible links","qid":23,"docid":"ntv2g7ne","rank":98,"score":7.079400062561035},{"content":"Periodontal disease (PD), a group of inflammatory and dysbiotic conditions affecting periodontal tissues, is linked to various risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, aging, and hypertension. These same factors are associated with severe COVID-19 illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. The connection between PD and COVID-19 severity suggests that periodontal status could indicate the risk of complications. However, no reports exist","qid":23,"docid":"rcps7u8h","rank":99,"score":7.07289981842041},{"content":"Periodontal disease (PD), a group of inflammatory and dysbiotic conditions affecting periodontal tissues, is linked to various risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, aging, and hypertension. These factors are also associated with severe COVID-19 illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Given the systemic implications of PD and these comorbidities, assessing periodontal status in COVID-19 patients could help identify risk","qid":23,"docid":"wmskc7z5","rank":100,"score":7.072898864746094}]}
{"query":"what kinds of complications related to COVID-19 are associated with diabetes","hits":[{"content":"A study aimed to map COVID-19-related worries and overall psychosocial health among people with diabetes in Denmark during the initial pandemic phase. The survey of 2430 adult diabetic panel members revealed that over half were worried about being disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to their diabetes, and one-third were concerned about being labeled as high-risk and struggling to manage diabetes if infected. Logistic regression analysis identified females, those with type","qid":24,"docid":"3jolt83r","rank":1,"score":11.774100303649902},{"content":"A study aimed to map COVID-19-related worries and overall psychosocial health among people with diabetes in Denmark. The survey of 2430 adults with diabetes revealed that over half were worried about being disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to their diabetes, and one-third were concerned about being labeled as high-risk and struggling to manage diabetes if infected. Logistic regression analysis identified females, those with type 1 diabetes, diabetes complications","qid":24,"docid":"hycd9zua","rank":2,"score":11.774099349975586},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected over 3.5 million people worldwide. Diabetes, age, and cardiovascular disease are identified as factors increasing the severity of COVID-19. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to complications in respiratory infections like SARS-CoV-2, as seen in previous outbreaks of SARS, MERS, and Influenza.","qid":24,"docid":"5zb96j4a","rank":3,"score":10.531000137329102},{"content":"A meta-analysis was conducted to identify laboratory findings predicting a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Diabetes is a significant comorbidity associated with a poor clinical outcome and high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. The study aimed to determine which laboratory parameters distinguish patients with COVID-19 and diabetes who recovered from those who experienced complications or died.","qid":24,"docid":"tsd6sjcx","rank":4,"score":9.992600440979004},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 cases, specifically focusing on the role of diabetes and obesity. The data was obtained from the Mexican Ministry of Health and included demographic and health characteristics of confirmed, suspected, and negative COVID-19 cases. The study found an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity and mortality in those with diabetes, obesity, male subjects, and early-onset diabetes. R","qid":24,"docid":"bvksvy6u","rank":5,"score":9.737199783325195},{"content":"A study identified risk factors for COVID-19 lethality in Mexico, including early-onset diabetes, obesity, COPD, advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression, and CKD. Obesity was found to mediate 49.5% of the effect of diabetes on COVID-19 lethality. The study also developed a clinical score to predict COVID-19 lethality, including age \u226565 years","qid":24,"docid":"xrmwpep6","rank":6,"score":9.42710018157959},{"content":"A study identified risk factors for COVID-19 lethality in Mexico, including obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression, and chronic kidney disease. Obesity was found to mediate 49.5% of the effect of diabetes on COVID-19 lethality. The study developed a clinical score to predict COVID-19 lethality based on age, diabetes,","qid":24,"docid":"ezny6ajo","rank":7,"score":9.340100288391113},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes, a global epidemic, share a significant connection as individuals with diabetes face adverse outcomes if infected with COVID-19. A search using keywords \"COVID-19\" and \"Diabetes\" revealed that COVID-19 may cause complications in diabetes patients through an imbalance in ACE2 activation pathways, leading to an inflammatory response and acute \u03b2-cell dysfunction. Diabetes patients are at","qid":24,"docid":"phf2sgw5","rank":8,"score":9.058199882507324},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes, a global epidemic, share a significant connection as individuals with diabetes face adverse outcomes if infected with COVID-19. A search using keywords \"COVID-19\" and \"Diabetes\" revealed that COVID-19 may cause complications in diabetes patients through an imbalance in ACE2 activation pathways, leading to an inflammatory response and acute \u00df-cell dysfunction. Diabetes patients are at","qid":24,"docid":"wl1uihn3","rank":9,"score":9.058198928833008},{"content":"Diabetes, a chronic disease linked to micro- and macrovascular complications and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, causes significant cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. Sex-gender differences influence diabetes epidemiology, risk factors, and cardiovascular complications, necessitating distinct therapeutic approaches for managing diabetes-related cardiovascular issues in men and women. This review explores sex-gender differences affecting diabetes, focusing on cardiovascular complications,","qid":24,"docid":"cctvpphp","rank":10,"score":8.955400466918945},{"content":"The passage discusses the higher prevalence and mortality rate of diabetes patients hospitalized for COVID-19 compared to non-diabetes patients. The CORONADO study in France identified prognostic factors beyond old age, including increased body mass index and presence of comorbidities. Previous diabetic complications increase risk of death, but past glucose control had no independent influence on hospitalized diabetes patient outcomes. The use of RAAS blockers and","qid":24,"docid":"bjq36px5","rank":11,"score":8.902299880981445},{"content":"The passage discusses the higher prevalence and mortality rate of diabetes patients hospitalized for COVID-19 compared to non-diabetes patients. The CORONADO study in France and other reports from China and the US identified factors beyond old age that increase the risk of severe COVID-19 infection in diabetes patients, including increased body mass index and obesity. Previous diabetic complications also increase the risk of death, but the quality of past glucose control","qid":24,"docid":"yjugtbg1","rank":12,"score":8.902298927307129},{"content":"During the COVID-19 epidemic in the South of France, the use of diabetes technology such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring helped prevent acute metabolic complications for patients with type 1 diabetes. Telemedicine care and structured education were facilitated through technology, while home care services provided additional support.","qid":24,"docid":"kzoumf3k","rank":13,"score":8.897600173950195},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant risk to people with diabetes and related comorbidities, increasing their likelihood of severe disease and death. Factors such as older age, multiple health conditions, hyperglycemia, cardiac injury, and severe inflammatory response contribute to poor outcomes. Maintaining optimal glycemic control and preventing disease spread are crucial. While most people with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, those with diabetes are at higher risk","qid":24,"docid":"e5mf6qdo","rank":14,"score":8.854000091552734},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in thousands of deaths and no effective treatments have been identified. Many patients with COVID-19 have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with a chronic inflammatory state. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit elevated levels of inflammatory markers, which are predictive of a poor prognosis. The authors","qid":24,"docid":"9qpe4qm4","rank":15,"score":8.79319953918457},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in thousands of deaths and no effective treatments have been identified. Many patients with COVID-19 have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with a chronic inflammatory state. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit elevated levels of inflammatory markers, which are predictive of a poor prognosis. The authors","qid":24,"docid":"weyym7tx","rank":16,"score":8.793198585510254},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant risks and challenges for people with diabetes, increasing their vulnerability to severe disease and complications. Factors such as older age, multi-morbidity, hyperglycemia, cardiac injury, and severe inflammatory response predict poor outcomes. Mild illnesses are generally supportive, while various immunomodulatory and antiviral therapies are being investigated for severe cases. People with diabetes may also face challenges in","qid":24,"docid":"15hqzcig","rank":17,"score":8.780900001525879},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and smart home devices in revolutionizing home care for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a costly and debilitating complication of diabetes. The authors reviewed literature and expert opinions from podiatry, engineering, and data security perspectives. IoMT enables patient engagement, personalized care, and data-driven treatment regimens, and recent advances in voice-activated commands technology offer new opportunities for","qid":24,"docid":"d33i6iio","rank":18,"score":8.768500328063965},{"content":"The Western Pacific Region reported 192,016 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 7,125 deaths as of June 8, 2020. People with diabetes face challenges in treating COVID-19 due to blood glucose fluctuations and comorbidities. National diabetes associations and governments are providing guidelines and medical supplies. The region's large size and diverse COVID-19 situations result in a varied pandemic profile. Creative measures like drive-","qid":24,"docid":"fhkbcp7z","rank":19,"score":8.650300025939941},{"content":"The World Health Organization declared a pandemic and reported 192,016 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 7125 deaths in the Western Pacific Region as of June 8, 2020. People with diabetes face challenges in treating COVID-19 due to blood glucose fluctuations and comorbidities. National associations and governments are providing guidelines and medical supplies for diabetic individuals. The Western Pacific Region's diverse countries and COVID-19 situations","qid":24,"docid":"kfyvzjiq","rank":20,"score":8.650299072265625},{"content":"During the COVID-19 lockdown in India, a study of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes found that 21% reported an increase in carbohydrate consumption, 23% snacked more frequently, 27% consumed more fruits, 42% exercised less, 19% gained weight, and 23% did self-monitoring of blood glucose less often. Additionally, 87% reported mental stress","qid":24,"docid":"keseey9x","rank":21,"score":8.531200408935547},{"content":"During the COVID-19 lockdown in India, a study of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes found that 21% reported an increase in carbohydrate consumption, 23% snacked more frequently, 27% consumed more fruits, 42% exercised less, 19% gained weight, and 23% did self-monitoring of blood glucose less often. Additionally, 87% reported mental stress","qid":24,"docid":"s1eo9qdi","rank":22,"score":8.53119945526123},{"content":"This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. The analysis focused on 1,317 participants, most of whom were men with a mean age of 69.8 years and a predominance of type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was a combination of tracheal intubation and death within 7 days of admission. In multivariable analyses, only BMI remained positively associated with","qid":24,"docid":"97j1gt5k","rank":23,"score":8.458900451660156},{"content":"This study aimed to understand the phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. The analysis focused on 1,317 participants, most of whom were men with a mean age of 69.8 years and a predominance of type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was a combination of tracheal intubation and death within 7 days of admission. In multivariable analyses, only BMI remained positively associated with","qid":24,"docid":"hlnjp7v6","rank":24,"score":8.45889949798584},{"content":"The passage discusses the limited evidence regarding the long-term reduction of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes patients who undergo bariatric surgery compared to intensive medical therapy. While numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in diabetes remission and glycemic improvement, there is a need for high-quality studies to determine if it reduces long-term complications. The review provides background information on diabetes treatment and ongoing research on vascular outcomes","qid":24,"docid":"0t9uspl5","rank":25,"score":8.413599967956543},{"content":"A study was conducted among 220 type II diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopian hospitals to examine the impact of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain on health-related quality of life using the SF-36 instrument. The results showed that patients with pain had poorer quality of life in all domains and summary scores. The largest difference was in the physical component summary score (9.3) and physical functioning domain (30). Pain intensity had a negative correlation","qid":24,"docid":"t13vx0ls","rank":26,"score":8.3951997756958},{"content":"The passage discusses the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) complications in COVID-19 patients. Findings suggest that COVID-19 patients without prior CVD history can develop complications like myocardial injury, cardiomyopathy, and venous thromboembolism. The association between DM and severe COVID-19 complications is unclear, but markers like IL-1, IL","qid":24,"docid":"9uymi395","rank":27,"score":8.38070011138916},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges to diabetes care, with disproportionate impact on people with diabetes and higher rates of complications and death. In-patient services require specialist support for managing glycaemia, while outpatient services need reorganization for proactive care and use of telehealth and digital services. Prioritization of communicable vs non-communicable diseases and a reduced clinical workforce create challenges in clinical decision making. The pandemic may","qid":24,"docid":"an3apm5g","rank":28,"score":8.331000328063965},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges to diabetes care, with disproportionate impact on people with diabetes and higher rates of complications and death. In-patient services require specialist support for managing glycaemia, while outpatient services need reorganization for proactive care and use of telehealth and digital services. Prioritization of communicable vs non-communicable diseases and reduced clinical workforce create challenges in clinical decision making. The pandemic may lead","qid":24,"docid":"j5glp7xc","rank":29,"score":8.330999374389648},{"content":"Diabetes may not increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 but could lead to more severe symptoms if infected. Older patients with diabetes and co-morbidities are at higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. Poorly controlled diabetes can worsen infections and cause hyperglycemia-related complications. Patients should have sufficient diabetic supplies at home, regularly test blood glucose levels, and seek care for glycemic imbalance or infection signs","qid":24,"docid":"m9d88do0","rank":30,"score":8.325900077819824},{"content":"Diabetes may not increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 but could lead to a more severe illness. Proper diabetes management is crucial during infection, including having sufficient supplies, regular self-tests, and contacting a caregiver for glycemic imbalances or infection signs. Antidiabetic therapy may require adjustments, and insulin therapy could be necessary for persistent hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients.","qid":24,"docid":"nih2cnnz","rank":31,"score":8.325899124145508},{"content":"A study using electronic health records from Michigan Medicine identified racial differences in COVID-19 outcomes and comorbidities. Blacks\/African Americans had higher hospitalization and death rates. The study, a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), examined 1,043 pre-existing conditions and their association with COVID-19 outcomes in 5,698 patients, stratified by race. Obesity, iron deficiency anemia,","qid":24,"docid":"915x3q19","rank":32,"score":8.32229995727539},{"content":"During the COVID-19 crisis, people with diabetes face an increased risk of severe or fatal infections, with potential complications including respiratory failure and septic complications. The global prevalence of diabetes, affecting over 450 million people, makes this a significant vulnerable population. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of diabetes can make it difficult to generalize about patients. Some antidiabetic drugs, such as DPP4 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor","qid":24,"docid":"ao50s1k2","rank":33,"score":8.3125},{"content":"During the COVID-19 crisis, patients with diabetes, affecting over 450 million people worldwide, face a heightened risk of severe or fatal infections. The complexity of diabetes and its comorbidities make generalizations difficult. DPP4 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists may have potential benefits in modulating viral entry and inflammatory cytokines during COVID-19 infection, but evidence is limited. Conversely, SGL","qid":24,"docid":"oypck6de","rank":34,"score":8.312499046325684},{"content":"A study exploring the relationship between diabetes and the severity of COVID-19 suggests that comorbid diabetes may worsen the progression of the disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. A recent study on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) sheds light on this issue, and this essay aims to introduce the report and related studies, and propose suggestions for further investigations into the impact of diabetes on COVID-19.","qid":24,"docid":"eqewn6j4","rank":35,"score":8.2121000289917},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for managing patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases due to their compromised antiviral immunity. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and older age increase the risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association\u2013European Dialysis and Transplant Association aims to provide recommendations for managing these patients based on available evidence","qid":24,"docid":"3bvtcdja","rank":36,"score":8.20580005645752},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for managing patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases due to their compromised antiviral immunity. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and older age increase the risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association provides recommendations to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection","qid":24,"docid":"ln9xw11k","rank":37,"score":8.205799102783203},{"content":"The passage is a narrative review aiming to assess the risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control, and role of antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19. A search was conducted in PubMed, MedRxiv, and Google Scholar databases until May 10, 2020. The results indicate a high prevalence of diabetes in COVID-19 patients, with a more severe form of the disease and increased mort","qid":24,"docid":"dlv0kyb2","rank":38,"score":8.205400466918945},{"content":"The passage is a narrative review summarizing the relationship between diabetes, COVID-19 severity and mortality, glycemic control, and the role of antidiabetic agents. The review found a high prevalence of diabetes in COVID-19 patients, with poorly controlled diabetes increasing the risk of severe disease and mortality. No data is currently available regarding the effect of antidiabetic agents on COVID-19. The authors recommend optimal glycemic control and increased","qid":24,"docid":"k5ro0edf","rank":39,"score":8.205399513244629},{"content":"A retrospective study of 258 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, found that those with diabetes had higher leucocyte and neutrophil counts, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB levels at admission. Patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe or critical disease conditions, require antibiotic therapy, non-invasive or invasive","qid":24,"docid":"8ydwzl4z","rank":40,"score":8.174400329589844},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study of 258 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, found that those with diabetes had higher leucocyte and neutrophil counts, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB levels at admission. Patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe or critical disease conditions, require antibiotic therapy, non-invasive","qid":24,"docid":"c2jm0g88","rank":41,"score":8.174399375915527},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and HRCT features of 132 COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan, China, and explore risk factors for in-hospital death and complications. Patients with an admission glucose level of >11mmol\/L were more likely to require ICU care, develop ARDS and acute cardiac injury, and had a higher death rate than those with an admission glucose level of","qid":24,"docid":"5m4ybd1v","rank":42,"score":8.169400215148926},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and HRCT features of 132 COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan China, and to explore risk factors for in-hospital death and complications. Patients with an admission glucose level >11mmol\/L were more likely to require ICU care, develop ARDS and acute cardiac injury, and had a higher death rate than those with an admission glucose level <1","qid":24,"docid":"nmolo7rt","rank":43,"score":8.16939926147461},{"content":"This retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics, radiographic and laboratory tests, complications, treatments, and outcomes of 208 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 96 of whom had type 2 diabetes. Diabetes patients had a higher prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and chronic kidney disease. CT scans showed more ground-glass opacity and bilateral patchy shadowing in diabetes patients. Diabetes patients also had higher levels","qid":24,"docid":"fhpvshr2","rank":44,"score":8.119600296020508},{"content":"In a retrospective cohort study of 258 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, those with diabetes had higher rates of severe disease, complications, and mortality compared to patients without diabetes. Diabetes and high fasting blood glucose levels were associated with increased risk of death from COVID-19 after adjusting for potential confounders.","qid":24,"docid":"skknfc6h","rank":45,"score":8.080100059509277},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant risk for people with diabetes, with a meta-analysis in China reporting a 9.7% prevalence of COVID-19 cases among diabetics and a two-fold increased risk of severe cases. Global confinement measures to prevent COVID-19 spread conflict with comprehensive diabetes care, which requires regular patient-provider interactions for education, prescriptions, and management of complications or mental health. Confinement also increases risks for unhealth","qid":24,"docid":"e38nu08a","rank":46,"score":8.01509952545166},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant risk for people with diabetes, with a meta-analysis in China reporting a 9.7% prevalence of COVID-19 cases among diabetics and a two-fold increased risk of severe cases. Global confinement measures to prevent COVID-19 spread conflict with comprehensive diabetes care, which requires regular patient-provider interactions. Confinement also increases risks for unhealthy diets, decreased physical activity, mental health concerns, and","qid":24,"docid":"u9jffox1","rank":47,"score":8.015098571777344},{"content":"This retrospective study analyzed 904 COVID-19 patients, 136 of whom had diabetes, mostly type 2. Older age and elevated C-reactive protein were risk factors for higher mortality in diabetic patients. Insulin usage was associated with poor prognosis. No significant difference in clinical outcomes was found between patients using ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers and those not using these medications. C","qid":24,"docid":"p3qsn8di","rank":48,"score":8.012900352478027},{"content":"A type 1 diabetes patient experienced remission and hypoglycemia after using chloroquine for malaria prevention. Due to its immunomodulatory and potential hypoglycemic effects, chloroquine may be more commonly used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes patients taking chloroquine should be monitored for hypoglycemia, even after recovery.","qid":24,"docid":"u4di2tk7","rank":49,"score":8.009599685668945},{"content":"A type 1 diabetes patient experienced hypoglycemia during chloroquine therapy for malaria in a malaria-endemic area. Chloroquine, which has immunomodulatory and hypoglycaemic effects, may be more commonly used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes patients undergoing chloroquine treatment should be monitored for hypoglycemia even after recovery.","qid":24,"docid":"z9hifitw","rank":50,"score":8.009598731994629},{"content":"This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between diabetes and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The results showed a significant association with a pooled OR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.31-2.36; P = 0.0002), indicating that diabetes increases the mortality risk for COVID-19 patients. The findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses.","qid":24,"docid":"f0lo04qq","rank":51,"score":8.008399963378906},{"content":"This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between diabetes and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The results showed a significant association with a pooled OR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.31-2.36; P = 0.0002), indicating that diabetes increases the mortality risk for COVID-19 patients. The findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses.","qid":24,"docid":"ibpyqrq4","rank":52,"score":8.00839900970459},{"content":"Approximately 29.1 million Americans currently have diabetes, a number projected to reach 48.3 million by 2050. Diabetes is a significant risk factor for complications during total joint arthroplasty, with hyperglycemia in the perioperative period also linked to increased complication risk. A proactive approach to preoperative screening, optimization, and glycemic control may improve outcomes, reduce complications, and","qid":24,"docid":"zeo9l272","rank":53,"score":7.986999988555908},{"content":"This retrospective study analyzed 904 COVID-19 patients, 136 of whom had diabetes, mostly type 2. Older age and elevated C-reactive protein were risk factors for higher mortality in diabetic patients. Insulin usage was associated with poor prognosis. No significant difference in clinical outcomes was found between patients using ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers and those not using them. C-","qid":24,"docid":"p536yuvi","rank":54,"score":7.959400177001953},{"content":"Tropical countries are experiencing a significant increase in undiagnosed or poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, which increases the risk of various infectious diseases, including common and healthcare-associated infections, foot ulcers, and endemic diseases like tuberculosis, melioidosis, and dengue virus infection. The interaction between diabetes and infections in tropical countries requires further research, as data is scarce for most tropical infections and possible biological mechanisms. The rise in","qid":24,"docid":"n52mmprb","rank":55,"score":7.941199779510498},{"content":"This narrative review summarizes the current state of research on the intersection of COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). The authors conducted a systematic search of the PubMed database up to May 31, 2020, and identified 18 relevant articles. These studies addressed the risk of contracting COVID-19 in T1D patients, the impact of COVID-19 on T1D development, outcomes for T1D patients with","qid":24,"docid":"l9hfmmbc","rank":56,"score":7.894000053405762},{"content":"A study found a positive correlation between the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and the GDP at the prefectural level in Chinese Mainland as of February 2020. Cities with higher GDP had more confirmed cases during the epidemic spread.","qid":24,"docid":"go442ycb","rank":57,"score":7.867599964141846},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between metabolic comorbidities, such as diabetes, obesity, and arterial hypertension, and the worsened prognosis of COVID-19. Obese individuals are more susceptible to infections and serve as a pathogen reservoir. Diabetic individuals have higher inflammatory processes due to constant glucose recognition. Hypertensive individuals, treated with ACE-inhibitors and ARBs","qid":24,"docid":"cn3bpmwj","rank":58,"score":7.861299991607666},{"content":"This passage discusses the risk factors for mortality in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of Mexico's high number of cases and deaths. Advanced age and co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity increase the risk of adverse outcomes in COVID-19 infection for pregnant women. However, women are less likely to die or require hospitalization than men. The research letter focuses on evaluating the risk factors for","qid":24,"docid":"1hmnx2re","rank":59,"score":7.836699962615967},{"content":"The study aimed to assess the impact of India's 21-day nationwide lockdown on glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. A simulation model was created using glycemic data from previous disasters and Indian database, and multivariate regression analysis was conducted. The model predicted a 2.26% increase in HBA1c from baseline after 30 days and a 3.68% increase after 45 days","qid":24,"docid":"n71hyyad","rank":60,"score":7.808499813079834},{"content":"The study aimed to assess the impact of India's 21-day nationwide lockdown on glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. A simulation model was created using glycemic data from previous disasters and Indian diabetes-related complications data. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between lockdown duration and glycemic targets and complications. The model predicted a 2.26% increase in HBA1","qid":24,"docid":"stmo4b0g","rank":61,"score":7.808498859405518},{"content":"The study of 174 COVID-19 patients found that those with diabetes were at higher risk for severe pneumonia, tissue injury, excessive inflammation, and hypercoagulable state. Diabetic patients also had significantly higher levels of inflammation-related biomarkers and coagulation index, indicating a greater susceptibility to an inflammatory response and rapid deterioration. Therefore, diabetes should be considered a risk factor for a rapid progression","qid":24,"docid":"ix2vjgph","rank":62,"score":7.771100044250488},{"content":"The study of 174 COVID-19 patients found that those with diabetes were at higher risk for severe pneumonia, tissue injury, excessive inflammation responses, and hypercoagulable state. Diabetic patients also had significantly higher levels of inflammation-related biomarkers and coagulation index, indicating a greater susceptibility to an inflammatory storm and rapid deterioration of COVID-19. Therefore, diabetes should be considered a risk","qid":24,"docid":"wizlpkrk","rank":63,"score":7.771099090576172},{"content":"A laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass surgery is a common treatment for morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus, and radiologists play a crucial role in postoperative evaluation. This passage provides an overview of the surgical technique, normal anatomy, and complications as seen on imaging examinations like fluoroscopy and CT scans.","qid":24,"docid":"ry4jkltc","rank":64,"score":7.765200138092041},{"content":"This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pulmonary adverse drug effects (ADEs) in diabetic patients taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) using data from the FDA. The results showed that Captopril had a statistically significantly higher incidence of pulmonary ADEs compared to other ACEIs and ARBs. The findings","qid":24,"docid":"0j5828ah","rank":65,"score":7.752200126647949},{"content":"This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pulmonary adverse drug effects (ADEs) in patients with diabetes taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), using data from the Food and Drug Administration. The results showed that captopril had a statistically significantly higher incidence of pulmonary ADEs compared to other ACEIs and ARBs. The","qid":24,"docid":"mojxv2iw","rank":66,"score":7.752199172973633},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, a major health crisis with devastating medical, economic, and social consequences, poses a serious risk for people with diabetes, elderly, and those with chronic and complicated diseases. The IDF MENA region has compiled data on the impact of COVID-19 on diabetes through medical and scientific publications and government responses. While diabetes is a high-risk factor for severe forms and mortality, the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 with","qid":24,"docid":"8vn01luq","rank":67,"score":7.751399993896484},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential increase in diabetes cases and healthcare costs among older adults due to enforced inactivity during the COVID-19 lockdown. Using data from the Health Survey for England, the authors estimate that 2.1 million older adults in England could be pre-diabetic, and assuming a relative risk of diabetes from inactivity of 3.3 and 40% physical activity pre-lockdown, they calculate that 392,948 new","qid":24,"docid":"9k6pjml1","rank":68,"score":7.694900035858154},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, hypoglycemia became a significant issue for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus due to limited access to food, clinics, pathological services, and medicines. A study of 146 patients who visited the emergency department with hypoglycemia symptoms found that most were male with an average age of 59.9 years and an average random blood glucose level of 57.","qid":24,"docid":"moi0hu6l","rank":69,"score":7.682499885559082},{"content":"A systematic review aims to identify effective diabetes mellitus (DM) management practices for reducing symptoms and acute complications in palliative care patients. The review will search core health databases from 1990-2019 for relevant literature on adult DM treatment. Primary outcomes include symptoms (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) and acute complications (hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar","qid":24,"docid":"1qxq71w0","rank":70,"score":7.679500102996826},{"content":"A cross-sectional study of 865 dialysis patients in Henan Province, China, found an overall incidence rate of 7.74\/1000 catheter-days for all catheter complications, affecting 38.61% of patients. Catheter infections accounted for 10.58\/1000 catheter-days and 56.65% of patients, catheter","qid":24,"docid":"o3gks1iq","rank":71,"score":7.657400131225586},{"content":"A study was conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms linking diabetes as a comorbidity to severe COVID-19 in Emirati patients. Using a system genetics approach, the researchers identified the EXOC6\/6B gene, which is involved in docking insulin granules to the plasma membrane, as having documented INDELs in 3 of 4 whole genome sequenced Emirati diabetic patients. Lower expression of EXOC6\/6B was","qid":24,"docid":"gfx7zi53","rank":72,"score":7.618800163269043},{"content":"Diabetes is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, increasing the risk for severe and critical forms of the disease, leading to ICU admission and high mortality rates. Obesity, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also more common in critical COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 can lead to poor glycemic control and increased risk of ketoacidosis in diabetic patients. There are no recommendations to stop antih","qid":24,"docid":"0tsefy6p","rank":73,"score":7.595600128173828},{"content":"Diabetes is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, but there's no evidence of increased risk of contracting the virus. However, diabetic patients are at risk for severe and critical forms of COVID-19, which require ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, with high mortality rates. Obesity, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is more common in critical COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 can lead to poor g","qid":24,"docid":"lfdeowsl","rank":74,"score":7.595599174499512},{"content":"This review summarizes current knowledge on COVID-19 and pregnancy. The virus, which has been a global health issue since December 2019, has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The review aims to provide an overview of symptoms in pregnant women with COVID-19 and potential risks to fetuses and neonates. Data was extracted from studies published in English on Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus up to April 2, ","qid":24,"docid":"lqfzte7w","rank":75,"score":7.592599868774414},{"content":"The passage is a review summarizing current knowledge about COVID-19 and its impact on pregnancy. The review covers early symptoms of COVID-19, which include fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, and fatigue, and less common symptoms such as sputum production, headache, hemoptysis, and diarrhea. There is no evidence of vertical maternal-fetal transmission of COVID-19. Pregnant women with COVID-1","qid":24,"docid":"r4c7nldn","rank":76,"score":7.592598915100098},{"content":"This study investigates the role of glycoproteins in diabetes mellitus and their potential use as a therapeutic strategy. Glycoproteins are important for cell regulation, drug binding, and signaling pathways. Impaired glycoprotein metabolism contributes to diabetes mellitus. The study reviews relevant literature using keywords such as glycoprotein, diabetes mellitus, glycan, glycosylation, and","qid":24,"docid":"l8bj9twb","rank":77,"score":7.5868000984191895},{"content":"Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a complication of type 1 and 2 diabetes, causes end-stage renal disease in 30-40% of diabetic patients. Factors like hyperglycemia, hypertension, and proteinuria contribute to its progression. DN is diagnosed through blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and proteinuria. Intensive control of hyper","qid":24,"docid":"642pa6sl","rank":78,"score":7.529900074005127},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential link between diabetes and COVID-19 infection and severity. While diabetes is known to increase the risk of serious COVID-19 events, it is unclear if diabetes itself increases the risk of contracting the virus. The use of DPP-4 inhibitors, a type of antidiabetic drug, in diabetic patients is related to the virus's infection mechanism, as DPP-4 is involved in virus entry into cells. The passage concl","qid":24,"docid":"dudf192x","rank":79,"score":7.528600215911865},{"content":"A systemic review and meta-analysis of clinical data on COVID-19 patients identified preexisting chronic conditions like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes as risk factors for severe disease and increased mortality. Acute cardiac injury and acute kidney injury were also found to be strongly correlated with COVID-19-related mortality. Close monitoring of organ function is recommended for COVID-19 patients due to the high risk of","qid":24,"docid":"mez1k8t0","rank":80,"score":7.488800048828125},{"content":"A review summarizing the second most common comorbidity of COVID-19 being diabetes, with epidemiological studies indicating this connection. The article aims to provide information on the prevalence, potential mechanisms, and management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19.","qid":24,"docid":"ff04vt1d","rank":81,"score":7.486599922180176},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, routine health services have been reduced, and specialists have shifted to focus on COVID-19 cases. Obstetric assistance cannot be suspended, but safety measures are necessary. Changes in clinical habits are required to accommodate COVID-19 positive pregnant patients, who need additional care. This report details the management setup in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit at a University Hospital in Milan, Italy, during the COVID-19 era.","qid":24,"docid":"jf9whlu7","rank":82,"score":7.4791998863220215},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, obstetric assistance couldn't be suspended despite the need to reorganize the entire healthcare system. In Milan, Italy, a University Obstetrics and Gynecology Department adapted to ensure safety for pregnant patients, who require additional care if positive for COVID-19. Clinical habits were changed to address emerging needs.","qid":24,"docid":"zd3niwqc","rank":83,"score":7.479198932647705},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to examine the relationship between hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer, kidney disease, and high-cholesterol with COVID-19 disease severity and fatality. A search of 59,000 articles was conducted using an automated search engine, resulting in 54 articles for full review. Diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol were found to have an apparent relation to COVID-19 severity","qid":24,"docid":"kc8xff5n","rank":84,"score":7.473100185394287},{"content":"Six male patients with COVID-19 presented to the Intensive Care Unit between March 20 and April 20, 2020, with combined diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Their median age was 50 years, and three were Hispanic and three African American. Hispanic patients had more severe acidosis and multiple comorbidities, and all cases were the","qid":24,"docid":"pswgxtwd","rank":85,"score":7.471799850463867},{"content":"Six male patients with COVID-19 presented to the Intensive Care Unit between March 20 and April 20, 2020, with combined diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Their median age was 50 years, and three were Hispanic and three African American. Hispanic patients had more severe acidosis and multiple comorbidities, and all cases were the","qid":24,"docid":"z4p2z2qy","rank":86,"score":7.471798896789551},{"content":"The passage discusses how older adults and those with comorbidities, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease, are at higher risk for severe outcomes and mortality from COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Older adults in the US have a significant percentage of these conditions, increasing their risk of infection. Medications like angiotensin-converting","qid":24,"docid":"kd4uxcve","rank":87,"score":7.464900016784668},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2, which leads to worse outcomes and higher mortality rates in older adults and those with comorbidities like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease. Many older adults have these conditions and are also taking medications such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, which may upregulate the A","qid":24,"docid":"vhfl6l6k","rank":88,"score":7.464899063110352},{"content":"The passage discusses the background and aims of a study evaluating the outcome of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and the relation to the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASB). The study found that hypertension was present in approximately 21% of COVID-19 patients, followed by diabetes in nearly 11% and established cardiovascular disease in approximately 7%. While there is an emerging suggestion of increased mortality in","qid":24,"docid":"1y78dfsl","rank":89,"score":7.463900089263916},{"content":"The passage discusses the background and aims of a study evaluating the outcome of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and the relation to the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASB). From ten Chinese studies with a total of 2209 patients, hypertension was present in approximately 21%, followed by diabetes in nearly 11%, and established cardiovascular disease in approximately 7%. The data suggests an increased mortality","qid":24,"docid":"7kw9lws0","rank":90,"score":7.4638991355896},{"content":"The passage discusses the parallel impacts of COVID-19 and diabetes as global health crises. While efforts to mitigate COVID-19 have been swift, the response to diabetes has been more subdued. People with diabetes have experienced higher mortality and morbidity from COVID-19. The article shares experiences from an urban diabetes service in the UK, focusing on the impact on patients and healthcare providers, and potential lessons for the future.","qid":24,"docid":"dbclnrwr","rank":91,"score":7.433199882507324},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, which had claimed over 137,000 lives as of April 2020, has prompted the global scientific community to focus on containing and stopping its spread. This requires collaboration among researchers and practitioners in various fields, raising questions about research priorities, coordination, and involvement. In a comparative bibliometric study of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, the present paper finds","qid":24,"docid":"h4vigeuy","rank":92,"score":7.426599979400635},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study of 110 COVID-19 patients at a South Korean hospital found that those with diabetes mellitus (DM) were older and had higher blood pressure. DM patients also had higher levels of inflammation-related biomarkers and severity scores, and were more likely to experience severe and critical outcomes (SCO), including acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, intensive care unit care, and 2","qid":24,"docid":"fvc7hfhg","rank":93,"score":7.417099952697754},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study of 110 COVID-19 patients at a South Korean hospital found that those with diabetes mellitus (DM) were older and had higher blood pressure. DM patients also had higher levels of inflammation-related biomarkers and severity scores, and were more likely to experience severe and critical outcomes (SCO), including acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, intensive care unit care, and 2","qid":24,"docid":"q73o1sns","rank":94,"score":7.4170989990234375},{"content":"Three young patients with COVID-19 developed cerebral venous thrombosis within a 10-day period in early 2020. One patient had thrombosis in both superficial and deep systems, another in the straight sinus, vein of Galen, and internal cerebral veins, and a third in the deep medullary veins. Two patients had hemorrhagic venous infarcts. The median","qid":24,"docid":"6d3jcf6o","rank":95,"score":7.414000034332275},{"content":"Three young patients with COVID-19 developed cerebral venous thrombosis within a 10-day period in early 2020. One patient had thrombosis in both superficial and deep systems, another in the straight sinus, vein of Galen, and internal cerebral veins, and a third in the deep medullary veins. Two patients had hemorrhagic venous infarcts. The median","qid":24,"docid":"iuy2i3bs","rank":96,"score":7.413999080657959},{"content":"A retrospective study evaluated early and mid-term outcomes of 43 complex abdominal hernia repairs using biological prostheses in France. Wound-related complications occurred in 17 patients, with smoking being the only identified risk factor. No prosthesis removal was necessary. Four hernia recurrences (9%) were observed, with a previous repair attempt and incomplete fascia closure being associated with recurrence. The use of bioprostheses enabled successful","qid":24,"docid":"4r0y9mgv","rank":97,"score":7.412399768829346},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to examine the relationship between hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer, kidney issues, and high-cholesterol with COVID-19 disease severity. A search of 59,000 articles was reduced to 54 after filtering using keywords and questions. Diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol were found to have a relation to COVID-19 severity, but further research is needed for cancer","qid":24,"docid":"ab5tgbvm","rank":98,"score":7.412299156188965},{"content":"Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease characterized by impaired glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, increases the risk of coronary artery disease and mortality. Comorbidities include obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney, nerve, and eye damage. Poorly controlled diabetes increases infection susceptibility and worsens symptoms. Since December 2019, COVID-19, caused by S","qid":24,"docid":"5ps6pw6c","rank":99,"score":7.40500020980835},{"content":"Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease with impaired glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, increases the risk of coronary artery disease and infections. The comorbidities include obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney, nerve, and eye damage. Poorly controlled diabetes worsens infection symptoms. Since December 2019, COVID-19, caused by SARS-Co","qid":24,"docid":"ifmwfm43","rank":100,"score":7.404999256134033}]}
{"query":"which biomarkers predict the severe clinical course of 2019-nCOV infection?","hits":[{"content":"The passage reports on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 12 patients infected with 2019-nCoV in Shenzhen, China, who all developed pneumonia and half of whom had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Common laboratory abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, decreased percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils, elevated C-reactive protein and","qid":25,"docid":"9k8r18x7","rank":1,"score":13.839699745178223},{"content":"The passage reports on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 12 patients infected with 2019-nCoV in Shenzhen, China, who all developed pneumonia and half of whom had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Common laboratory abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, decreased percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils, elevated C-reactive protein and","qid":25,"docid":"t996fbad","rank":2,"score":13.688899993896484},{"content":"The study identified the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an independent risk factor for severe illness in patients with 2019-nCoV infection. The NLR had a high predictive accuracy, as shown by a c-index of 0.807, well-fitting calibration curves, and positive decision and clinical impact curves. The incidence of severe illness was higher in patients with age \u2265 5","qid":25,"docid":"pd70i3d8","rank":3,"score":11.352700233459473},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from Wuhan, China, causing symptoms similar to SARS-CoV, is analyzed based on structural studies of SARS-CoV and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The sequence of 2019-nCoV's receptor-binding domain (RBD) and its receptor-binding motif (RBM","qid":25,"docid":"85acs4lk","rank":4,"score":10.931300163269043},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from Wuhan, China, causing symptoms similar to SARS-CoV, is analyzed based on structural studies of SARS-CoV and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The sequence of 2019-nCoV's receptor-binding domain (RBD) and its receptor-binding motif (RBM","qid":25,"docid":"tfz6f32q","rank":5,"score":10.913399696350098},{"content":"A systematic review of 34 studies identified biomarkers including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, renal biomarkers, lymphocytes, and platelet count, which were significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 infections. Lymphocytes and","qid":25,"docid":"aph6yf7n","rank":6,"score":10.894599914550781},{"content":"A systematic review of 34 studies identified biomarkers including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, renal biomarkers, lymphocytes, and platelet count, which were significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 infections. Lymphocytes and","qid":25,"docid":"r8mn4lzv","rank":7,"score":10.894598960876465},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The endothelium, a crucial part of blood vessel walls, may be involved in the disease's susceptibility and progression. The virus, which invades cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, can gain access to the systemic circulation by infecting or passing","qid":25,"docid":"etaa9a1v","rank":8,"score":10.503499984741211},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The endothelium, a crucial part of blood vessel walls, may be a linchpin in COVID-19 susceptibility and complications. The virus, which invades cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, can gain access to the systemic circulation by infect","qid":25,"docid":"ou7hpqjd","rank":9,"score":10.503499031066895},{"content":"Twenty-five children with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Chongqing were analyzed in this study. The median age was 11.0 years, and all cases were related to a family cluster outbreak or had a history in Hubei Province. The clinical types included 8 (32%) asymptomatic, 4 (16%) very mild, and 13 (52%) common cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. Common symptoms were cough and","qid":25,"docid":"38699x1n","rank":10,"score":10.49269962310791},{"content":"Twenty-five children with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Chongqing were analyzed. The median age was 11.0 years, all were related to family clusters, and 7 had Hubei Province travel or residence history. Clinical types included 8 asymptomatic, 4 very mild, and 13 common cases. No severe or critical cases. Common symptoms were cough and fever. Normal white blood cell, CD4+ T l","qid":25,"docid":"ogcfgy8f","rank":11,"score":10.492698669433594},{"content":"Twenty-five children with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Chongqing were analyzed. The median age was 11.0 years, all were related to family clusters, and 7 had a history in Hubei Province. Clinical types included 8 asymptomatic, 4 very mild, and 13 common cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. Common symptoms were cough and fever. Lab results showed normal white blood cell, CD","qid":25,"docid":"yydc7ksy","rank":12,"score":10.492697715759277},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of a deep learning algorithm, specifically the Virus Host Prediction (VHP) method, to identify potential hosts and infectivity patterns of the Wuhan 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The analysis suggests that 2019-nCoV shares close infectivity with other human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, Bat SARS-like Coronavir","qid":25,"docid":"t9bt70f2","rank":13,"score":10.491600036621094},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of IL-2R\/lymphocytes as potential markers for estimating the severity and predicting the clinical progression of COVID-19. In a study of 389 patients, it was found that leukocytes, neutrophils, infection biomarkers, and cytokine concentrations increased, while lymphocytes decreased with increased severity of illness. IL-2R was posit","qid":25,"docid":"7dy95eta","rank":14,"score":10.450699806213379},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of IL-2R\/lymphocytes as potential markers for estimating the severity and predicting the clinical progression of COVID-19. In a study of 389 COVID-19 patients, it was found that leukocytes, neutrophils, infection biomarkers, and cytokine concentrations were increased, while lymphocytes were decreased with increased severity of illness.","qid":25,"docid":"wesk2dhi","rank":15,"score":10.450698852539062},{"content":"A new coronavirus, named SARS-Cov-2, caused a pandemic outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease, COVID-19, has brought new clinical and fundamental challenges to the medical community. The unique knowledge gained from studying immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMIRDs) can help decipher the nature of COVID-19 complications and improve therapy. Patients with IMIR","qid":25,"docid":"k3wkb1gn","rank":16,"score":10.311100006103516},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using gene expression profiling on whole blood samples from advanced melanoma patients to identify potential biomarkers for immune-related gastrointestinal adverse events (GI irAEs) to ipilimumab treatment. The study involved 162 patients from two phase II clinical trials, with 49 patients developing grade 2+ GI irAEs. Differential gene expression was observed at baseline and over time, with most probe","qid":25,"docid":"o32d3kaw","rank":17,"score":10.29580020904541},{"content":"A study was conducted using Italian genetic data from the Network of Italian Genomes (NIG) to identify ACE2 variants that may contribute to interindividual susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. Three missense changes and rare truncating variants were identified, which have not been reported in the Eastern Asia population and may interfere with protein cleavage, stabilization, and spike protein binding. These findings suggest that a predisposing genetic background may play","qid":25,"docid":"klj710h2","rank":18,"score":10.249199867248535},{"content":"The 2019 novel Corona Virus (2019-nCoV) pandemic primarily affects the respiratory tract but also impacts neurological practice. Neurological manifestations, affecting about one-third of hospitalized individuals, include early symptoms like headache, dizziness, hyposmia, and hypogeusia, and late symptoms such as encephalopathy and stroke. Certain neurological conditions increase the risk of infection","qid":25,"docid":"ml80nllo","rank":19,"score":10.23289966583252},{"content":"This study investigates the relationship between meteorological conditions and the spread of the 2019-nCoV infection. The analysis of data from the 2019 outbreak in Wuhan and the 2003 SARS outbreak in China reveals that the virus survives best in temperatures between 13-24 degrees Celsius, with 19 degrees Celsius and 75% humidity being particularly conducive to its spread","qid":25,"docid":"60qmiwjm","rank":20,"score":10.231300354003906},{"content":"A study used the SEIJR model with log-normal distributed time delay and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to forecast the spread of 2019-nCov in Italy. The researchers estimated the early period average spreading velocity to be 0.330, with the first day of spread around February 1, 2020. After lockdown measures and public precautions, the spreading velocity decreased to 0.27","qid":25,"docid":"gj518ja2","rank":21,"score":10.225199699401855},{"content":"The passage is an analysis of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia, admitted to Tongji hospital. The study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and disease severity. The main symptoms were fever and respiratory symptoms, with normal or decreased white blood cell count, decreased lymphocyte count, increased hs-CRP, and normal procalcit","qid":25,"docid":"0deyspy2","rank":22,"score":10.210000038146973},{"content":"The passage is an analysis of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia, admitted to Tongji hospital. The objective was to analyze clinical characteristics and investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and disease severity. The patients were divided into three groups: mild, severe, and critical. The main symptoms were fever and respiratory symptoms. Blood tests showed normal or decreased white blood cell count, decreased lymph","qid":25,"docid":"iprkszdn","rank":23,"score":10.209999084472656},{"content":"The passage is an analysis of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia, admitted to Tongji hospital. The study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and disease severity. The main symptoms were fever, respiratory and other systemic symptoms. Blood tests showed normal or decreased white blood cell count, decreased lymphocyte count, increased hs-CRP","qid":25,"docid":"wmlme0f4","rank":24,"score":10.20999813079834},{"content":"The passage discusses the COVID-19 pandemic with over 413,000 confirmed cases and 18,000 deaths as of March 25, 2020. The Corona virus, specifically 2019-nCoV, causes severe respiratory infections through human and animal transmission. The virus binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and transmembrane ser","qid":25,"docid":"dpe9ld92","rank":25,"score":10.208000183105469},{"content":"In this study, the authors analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 patients diagnosed with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The average age of the patients was 55.5 years, and 49% had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. All patients were confirmed to have 2019-nCoV through real-time","qid":25,"docid":"m40kwgcg","rank":26,"score":10.161100387573242},{"content":"In this study, the authors analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The average age of the patients was 55.5 years, and 49% had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. All patients were confirmed to have 2019-nCoV through real-time RT","qid":25,"docid":"vndydx85","rank":27,"score":10.161099433898926},{"content":"COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by 2019-nCoV, which shares similarities with SARS-CoV in terms of the receptor ACE2 and pathological findings. Both viruses target the lungs, vasculatures, and immune system, causing severe lung inflammation and immune deficiency due to an inappropriate immune response and over-production of cytokines. Treatment approaches include antiviral and anti-infl","qid":25,"docid":"a290vxor","rank":28,"score":10.123600006103516},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by 2019-nCoV, is an atypical pneumonia with unknown pathogenesis. Similarities and differences between COVID-19 and SARS-CoV, which also targets lungs, vasculatures, and immune system, were examined. Both viruses use ACE2 receptor and cause severe lung inflammation and immune deficiency due to inappropriate immune response and over-production of cytokines","qid":25,"docid":"qpwu24e8","rank":29,"score":10.1235990524292},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of a network-based model to predict the future spread of the 2019-nCoV virus in the Hubei province of China. The model consists of cities and their interactions, which must be inferred from the epidemic. The authors propose a method to predict the prevalence of the virus in each city using this network model and find that it is beneficial for accurate forecasting. The future course of the epidemic is uncertain, and these","qid":25,"docid":"5uvv46mi","rank":30,"score":10.069299697875977},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study of three pregnant women infected with 2019-nCoV, all in their third trimester, who underwent emergency cesarean sections. The women presented with fever but no significant leukopenia or lymphopenia. Neonatal throat swabs were negative for 2019-nCoV. The women did not develop severe pneumonia or die by late February 2020. Plac","qid":25,"docid":"6l87fij9","rank":31,"score":10.043299674987793},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study investigating the clinical characteristics and placental pathology of three pregnant women infected with 2019-nCoV. All three women delivered in their third trimester via emergency cesarean section and presented with fever but no significant leukopenia or lymphopenia. Neonatal throat swabs were negative for 2019-nCoV. Two patients had been cured and discharged, while one was transferred","qid":25,"docid":"djw2zzk6","rank":32,"score":10.043298721313477},{"content":"Three pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in their third trimester underwent emergency cesarean sections. All presented with fever but no significant leukopenia or lymphopenia. Neonatal throat swabs were negative for 2019-nCoV. None of the patients developed severe pneumonia or died by late February 2020. Placentas showed fibrin deposition and syncytial","qid":25,"docid":"gsc0ukst","rank":33,"score":10.04329776763916},{"content":"The passage describes the clinical characteristics of 1,099 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) acute respiratory disease (ARD) in China. The median age was 47.0 years, and most patients were females. Few had contact with wildlife, but many had been to Wuhan or had contact with people from Wuhan. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, and","qid":25,"docid":"tovfd9lw","rank":34,"score":9.958600044250488},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV in 2019-nCoV infection. Serum samples from 284 patients, including 205 2019-nCoV infected patients and 79 controls, were tested for 2019-nCoV antibodies using immunoassay technology. The","qid":25,"docid":"zzljrkbf","rank":35,"score":9.95419979095459},{"content":"A new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, identified in Wuhan, China, is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and ACE2 may be a potential receptor for the virus. Actin protein and ibuprofen are suggested as potential therapeutic targets. Civets and poultry are potential natural reservoirs, and domain 288-330 of S1 protein from 2","qid":25,"docid":"vogum3ir","rank":36,"score":9.837499618530273},{"content":"A retrospective study of 45 elderly COVID-19 patients found a correlation between ferritin levels and lung ultrasound scoring systems (LUSS8 and LUSS12). Ferritin levels were significantly associated with both LUSS scores (p=0.001 for LUSS8 and p=0.002 for LUSS12). Using a threshold score of 15 for LUSS12 and ","qid":25,"docid":"gw767i37","rank":37,"score":9.780699729919434},{"content":"A young diabetic patient with COVID-19 infection showed ground-glass opacities and consolidations in both lungs on computed tomography scans. The patient improved clinically and on imaging after two weeks of treatment. Continuous monitoring through CT scans helped clinicians assess the disease progression or therapeutic effect.","qid":25,"docid":"e5uyahea","rank":38,"score":9.757699966430664},{"content":"A young diabetic patient with COVID-19 infection showed ground-glass opacities and consolidations in both lungs on computed tomography scans. The patient improved clinically and on imaging after two weeks of treatment. Continuous monitoring through CT scans helped clinicians assess the disease progression or therapeutic effect.","qid":25,"docid":"o6bkxn7l","rank":39,"score":9.757699012756348},{"content":"The WHO's Situation Report 65 from March 25, 2020, reported 413,467 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 18,433 deaths. The virus, which causes severe respiratory infections in humans through drip and animal transmission, binds to ACE-2 and TMPRSS2. The disease's severity ranges from mild to severe, and there are no drugs that","qid":25,"docid":"xj7z6zk1","rank":40,"score":9.757200241088867},{"content":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause with a poor prognosis. Serum biomarkers, including SP-A, SP-D, and KL-6, are less invasive and reproducible tools for monitoring clinical course and predicting prognosis. In Japan, these proteins are commonly used as serum markers for IPF. SP","qid":25,"docid":"18jiikdq","rank":41,"score":9.729100227355957},{"content":"A new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, identified in Wuhan, China, is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and ACE2, the known SARS-CoV receptor, may be a potential receptor for 2019-nCoV. Civets and poultry are suspected natural reservoirs, and domain 288-330 of S1 protein from","qid":25,"docid":"m15m1xh8","rank":42,"score":9.704500198364258},{"content":"A new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, identified in Wuhan, China, is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and ACE2, the known SARS-CoV receptor, may be a potential receptor for 2019-nCoV. Civets and poultry are suspected natural reservoirs, and domain 288-330 of S1 protein from","qid":25,"docid":"og92zxnf","rank":43,"score":9.704499244689941},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 by comparing hemocyte counts and dynamic profiles in 141 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The study found that lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia were common in COVID-19 patients but more pronounced in severe cases. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and","qid":25,"docid":"nqee1shq","rank":44,"score":9.675200462341309},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 by comparing hemocyte counts and dynamic profiles in 141 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The study found that lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia were common in COVID-19 patients but more pronounced in severe cases. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and","qid":25,"docid":"rkm6c8z6","rank":45,"score":9.675199508666992},{"content":"A systematic review of ongoing clinical trials was conducted to evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for the respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Seven trials were analyzed, targeting a total of 1350 patients. Interventions include lopinavir-ritonavir with aerosolized interferon-alpha, umifenovir, glucocorticoid, rib","qid":25,"docid":"7r01gnot","rank":46,"score":9.653599739074707},{"content":"The study identified fourteen cytokines that were significantly elevated in COVID-19 cases and showed different expression profiles in patients with different disease severity. IP-10, MCP-3, HGF, MIG, and MIP-1\u03b1 were found to be highly associated with disease severity during disease progression, with remarkably higher expression levels in critically ill patients, followed by severe and then moderate patients. Serial detection of these cytokines in 1","qid":25,"docid":"8ceabd6e","rank":47,"score":9.64680004119873},{"content":"A new approach was developed to quickly screen lineage B betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV, for their ability to infect human cells and use specific receptors. The study found that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for several lineage B viruses, but bypassing this barrier allows these viruses to enter human cells through an unknown receptor. The research also confirmed","qid":25,"docid":"tyhwtt7j","rank":48,"score":9.62660026550293},{"content":"The passage summarizes a meta-analysis of ten studies on the clinical characteristics of 50466 patients with 2019-nCoV infection. The most common symptoms were fever (89.1%) and cough (72.2%), while muscle soreness or fatigue (42.5%) and abnormal chest CT scans (96.6%) were also common. The incidence of severe cases was 18.1%, and","qid":25,"docid":"aoi4iqkf","rank":49,"score":9.62399959564209},{"content":"A study used the Molecule Transformer-Drug Target Interaction (MT-DTI) deep learning model to identify commercially available antiviral drugs that could act on the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) found in Wuhan, China. The top four drugs identified were atazanavir (Kd of 94.94 nM), efavirenz (199.17 nM), rit","qid":25,"docid":"cszqykpu","rank":50,"score":9.617500305175781},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study aiming to estimate the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) using the SEIR compartment model and reported cases. The estimated number falls between 2.8 and 3.3 based on Chinese reports and 3.2 to 3.9 based on international predictions. The authors conclude that the early transmission ability of 2019-nCoV is similar to or slightly higher","qid":25,"docid":"bhjc1jcs","rank":51,"score":9.611900329589844},{"content":"The passage aims to estimate the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) using the SEIR compartment model and reported cases. The results suggest a range of 2.8-3.3 based on real-time reports and 3.2-3.9 based on predicted cases. The authors conclude that 2019-nCoV's early transmission ability is similar to or slightly higher than SARS","qid":25,"docid":"fp6fhijm","rank":52,"score":9.611899375915527},{"content":"A study using publication mining identified three pathways linking diabetes and COVID-19: dysregulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, liver dysfunction, and chronic systemic inflammation. Biomarkers predicting higher risk include hypertension, elevated Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, and low Lymphocytes count. These biomarkers can be applied in clinical","qid":25,"docid":"i4t1jq29","rank":53,"score":9.584400177001953},{"content":"A study using publication mining identified three pathways linking diabetes and COVID-19: an upregulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, liver dysfunction, and chronic systemic inflammation. Biomarkers predicting higher risk include hypertension, elevated Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, and low Lymphocytes count. These biomarkers can be applied in","qid":25,"docid":"qzev2reb","rank":54,"score":9.584399223327637},{"content":"This study aimed to identify biomarkers for disease severity and progression of COVID-19 by analyzing the levels of 48 cytokines in plasma samples from 50 COVID-19 patients with different disease severity. The results showed that 14 cytokines were significantly elevated in COVID-19 cases, with IFN-\u00ce\u00b3-induced protein 10, monocyte chemotactic protein-3, hepat","qid":25,"docid":"7rjzontt","rank":55,"score":9.522199630737305},{"content":"The study compared the clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection in children and adults, finding differences in incubation period, symptoms, and lab results. Children had a longer incubation period, more diarrhea and vomiting, similar percentage of pneumonia, and more leukocytosis. Adults had more myalgia or fatigue, shorter incubation period, more leucopenia, and higher creatine kinase iso","qid":25,"docid":"ltdfyzay","rank":56,"score":9.506999969482422},{"content":"A study identified four drugs with high binding capacity to the main protease of the 2019-nCoV virus, which is similar to the main protease of SARS-CoV and essential for the virus's life cycle. These drugs, which have been widely used in clinical applications and proven safe, may serve as promising candidates for treating 2019-nCoV infection. The study used high-throughput screening of 8,000","qid":25,"docid":"iu2ziccm","rank":57,"score":9.501899719238281},{"content":"This study investigates the global prevalence and characteristics of three types of coronaviruses: 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV affected 8422 people and caused 916 deaths from November 2002 to August 2003. MERS-CoV spread to 27 states, causing 2496 cases and 8","qid":25,"docid":"ovmso3qu","rank":58,"score":9.5},{"content":"This study investigates the global prevalence and characteristics of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections. SARS-CoV affected 8422 people and caused 916 deaths from November 2002 to August ","qid":25,"docid":"zppc6p20","rank":59,"score":9.499999046325684},{"content":"A webserver named D3Targets-2019-nCoV was developed to predict drug targets and identify lead compounds against COVID-19. It includes potential target proteins and their conformations from virus infection to replication and release, identifies all ligand-binding sites larger than 200 \u00c53 on a protein structure, and annotates correlation information among conformations or binding sites. The server is easily updated and accessible freely to the public, currently","qid":25,"docid":"45pp83im","rank":60,"score":9.497699737548828},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of statistical methods and the SIR model to make preliminary predictions about the spread of coronavirus 2019-nCoV in mainland China. The authors estimate epidemic characteristics such as the numbers of infected, susceptible, and removed persons over time using available data and statistical approaches. They conclude that a simple mathematical model was used for these predictions, but further research is needed to update the predictions with new data and use more complex models.","qid":25,"docid":"bhm2un6v","rank":61,"score":9.47439956665039},{"content":"The novel coronavirus, identified as SARS-CoV-2, caused the global outbreak of COVID-19, declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. As of March 26, there were 462,684 confirmed cases and 20,834 deaths worldwide. The virus's spread dynamics are being studied using various models and parameters. As of the same date, Turkey reported ","qid":25,"docid":"xxnasobj","rank":62,"score":9.456199645996094},{"content":"The study compares the sequence, structural, and antigenic differences between the spike glycoprotein of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The results suggest that 2019-nCoV is closely related to SARS-CoV, with a 12.8% difference in S protein and an 83.9","qid":25,"docid":"b1iyr42n","rank":63,"score":9.437299728393555},{"content":"The COVID-19 virus, caused by SARS-CoV2, has been severe in elderly and those with underlying conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and chronic lung disease. Severe cases require intensive care and mechanical ventilation. No predictive biomarkers or preventative strategies exist. Severe COVID-19 has two aspects: viral overgrowth and excessive pulmonary inflammation. Clinical trials for viral overgrowth use remdesiv","qid":25,"docid":"flfnpzsd","rank":64,"score":9.406000137329102},{"content":"A systematic review of 16 case reports on the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic, which has resulted in 68,279 deaths as of May 5, 2020, summarizes the transmission, pathology, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, and treatment in 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The disease is usually mild but can progress to severe pneum","qid":25,"docid":"xv7fun4g","rank":65,"score":9.385499954223633},{"content":"Protein chip array profiling analysis identified serum amyloid A (SAA) protein as a potential biomarker for monitoring the extent of pneumonia in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) patients. Nine increased and three decreased biomarkers were discovered in SARS patients compared to controls. SAA concentrations correlated well with the extent of pneumonia as assessed by chest x-ray opacity scores","qid":25,"docid":"9ij6cned","rank":66,"score":9.38070011138916},{"content":"The study uses Farr law, an epidemiology theory, to predict the daily incidence of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, Hubei Province, and Wuhan City. The data was obtained from Chinese and Hubei health commission websites. The model, developed using data available on Feb. 8, 2020, shows that the daily incidence of 2019-nCoV in China and Hube","qid":25,"docid":"hpid3fzc","rank":67,"score":9.375699996948242},{"content":"The study uses Farr's law to develop a model and predict the daily incidence of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, Hubei Province, and Wuhan City. The model shows that the daily incidence has peaked but with different downward slopes. The model predicts that the daily incidence will drop to single-digits for China and Hubei Province by February 25, and for Wuhan city by March","qid":25,"docid":"smi9iy0p","rank":68,"score":9.375699043273926},{"content":"A study using Farr's law to predict the daily incidence of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, Hubei Province, and Wuhan City observed a peak in cases but different downward slopes. The model predicts a drop to single-digit daily incidence for China and Hubei Province by February 25 and for Wuhan city by March 8. However, there is a possibility of an upward trend in the","qid":25,"docid":"ylhfe5nc","rank":69,"score":9.37569808959961},{"content":"A webserver named D3Targets-2019-nCoV was developed to predict drug targets and identify lead compounds against COVID-19. It includes potential target proteins and their conformations from virus infection to replication and release, identifies all potential ligand-binding sites on protein structures with a volume larger than 200 \u00c5, annotates correlation information among conformations or binding sites, and is easily updated and accessible freely to the public. The","qid":25,"docid":"gjpgcimx","rank":70,"score":9.364399909973145},{"content":"The ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, poses a significant threat to global health with high morbidity and mortality, and no licensed vaccine or effective treatment is currently available. Repurposed drugs using existing antivirals have not been satisfactory and some have been toxic. The urgency for new interventions is heightened due to the time-consuming and expensive process of physical experimentation. Scientific simulations and data","qid":25,"docid":"bsobuwl2","rank":71,"score":9.321499824523926},{"content":"The ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, poses a significant threat to global health with high morbidity and mortality, and no licensed vaccine or effective treatment is currently available. Repurposed drugs using existing antivirals have not been satisfactory and some have been toxic. The urgency for new interventions is heightened due to the time-consuming and expensive process of physical experimentation. Scientific simulations and data","qid":25,"docid":"y5tts376","rank":72,"score":9.32149887084961},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the role of neutrophil to CD4+ lymphocyte ratio (NCD4LR) in predicting negative conversion time (NCT) of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that high NCD4LR was associated with older age, more severe symptoms, higher inflammatory indicators, and longer NCT. Multivariate analysis identified NCD4LR as","qid":25,"docid":"dvpl8dfx","rank":73,"score":9.319999694824219},{"content":"A new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, causing respiratory diseases and severe pneumonia, has been spreading since December 2019. Traditional SIR model-reliant epidemic forecasting has gained attention but overlooks 2019-nCoV's transmission characteristics, particularly undiagnosed cases. This paper introduces a SUIR model, an extension of the SIR model, with an additional state for Und","qid":25,"docid":"kr1qy54q","rank":74,"score":9.304400444030762},{"content":"The passage discusses the variability in estimations of the basic reproduction number of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) due to methodological issues and changing control strategies. Using updated data and refitting a transmission model, the authors estimate when the effective daily reproduction ratio fell below 1 and predict the peak of the epidemics, emphasizing the importance of persistent and strict self-isolation.","qid":25,"docid":"thu861hj","rank":75,"score":9.290599822998047},{"content":"Nine children in Changsha, China, were identified as having novel coronavirus infection between January 8, 2019 and February 19, 2020. Six of these children had a family exposure and the median incubation period was 7.5 days. Initial symptoms were mild, including fever, diarrhea, cough, and sore throat, with two having no symptoms. Two children showed small ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography","qid":25,"docid":"nb8hpst0","rank":76,"score":9.28600025177002},{"content":"Nine children in Changsha, China, were identified as having novel coronavirus infection between January 8, 2019 and February 19, 2020. Six of these children had a family exposure and the median incubation period was 7.5 days. Initial symptoms were mild, including fever, diarrhea, cough, and sore throat, with two having no symptoms. Two children showed small ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography","qid":25,"docid":"txssq1p1","rank":77,"score":9.285999298095703},{"content":"A study investigated the use of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) measures, specifically left temporoparietal cordance in the theta frequency band after one week of atomoxetine treatment, as a potential biomarker to predict response to atomoxetine in young adults with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The results showed that cordance was associated with ADHD symptom improvement and quality of life in atomox","qid":25,"docid":"quacyyln","rank":78,"score":9.280900001525879},{"content":"A study using online datasets found that Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), a major receptor for 2019-nCoV entry into human cells, highly expresses in renal tubular cells, Leydig cells, and cells in seminiferous ducts in the testis. This suggests that the virus may directly bind to these ACE2-positive cells and damage kidney and testicular tissue, leading to","qid":25,"docid":"s5w8rf6t","rank":79,"score":9.267900466918945},{"content":"The passage discusses the poor prognosis of severe malaria and the need for early parasite detection to prevent severe disease. While various clinical characteristics and lab tests have been used for early diagnosis, only a few are applicable in practice. The article highlights the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for severe malaria. Specific miRNAs, such as miR-451, miR-16, miR-12","qid":25,"docid":"gse1k0wh","rank":80,"score":9.262299537658691},{"content":"A case of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified in the United States, marking the first confirmed case in the country. The patient initially presented with mild symptoms but developed pneumonia on day 9 of illness. This case underscores the importance of collaboration between healthcare professionals and public health authorities in addressing the spread of the virus and the need for swift sharing of clinical information.","qid":25,"docid":"7z7zxcm2","rank":81,"score":9.253399848937988},{"content":"A case of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified in the United States, marking the first confirmed case in the country. The patient initially presented with mild symptoms but developed pneumonia on day 9 of illness. This case underscores the importance of collaboration between healthcare professionals and public health authorities in managing the spread of the virus and the need for swift sharing of clinical information.","qid":25,"docid":"tt3pbpmu","rank":82,"score":9.253398895263672},{"content":"The passage is about a study comparing the clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection in children and adults. The study reviewed medical records of 25 adult and 7 children confirmed cases. Children were all part of family clusters, while adults were divided into local residents, travelers, and those in direct contact with Wuhan residents. The median incubation period was shorter in adults (4 days) than children (5 days). Diarrhea and vomiting were","qid":25,"docid":"4oocm6o1","rank":83,"score":9.222100257873535},{"content":"A new virus, 2019-nCoV, outbreak in Wuhan, China, requires an effective new drug due to its increasing severity. Previous research shows that SARS-CoV binds to human ACE2 through conformational changes in CTD1. Although there are mutations in 2019-nCoV, the binding energy to ACE2 remains high. Comparing the I-TASSER prediction model, the surface g","qid":25,"docid":"fvig79k3","rank":84,"score":9.212900161743164},{"content":"A new coronavirus, COVID-19 or Wuhan-2019-nCoV, is causing a global health emergency with over 65,000 infected and 1370 deaths as of February 14, 2020. Its infectivity exceeds that of previous coronaviruses, SARS and MERS, which caused 8000 and 2494 cases respectively between 2002-","qid":25,"docid":"76vgv8qs","rank":85,"score":9.188599586486816},{"content":"The passage discusses the various coagulopathies associated with COVID-19, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis-induced coagulopathy, local microthrombi, venous thromboembolism, and arterial thrombotic complications. There is conflicting data on hematological and hemostatic derangements in COVID-19, with some suggesting a link to disease severity and mort","qid":25,"docid":"4srdobgu","rank":86,"score":9.183300018310547},{"content":"The passage discusses the various coagulopathies associated with COVID-19, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis-induced coagulopathy, local microthrombi, venous thromboembolism, and arterial thrombotic complications. There is conflicting data on hematological and hemostatic derangements in COVID-19, with some suggesting a link to disease severity and mort","qid":25,"docid":"nvs3kz78","rank":87,"score":9.18329906463623},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of potential vaccine targets for the 2019-nCoV coronavirus through an in silico approach. The authors aligned the 2019-nCoV proteome to a database of viral immunogenic peptides and used predictive models to identify immunogenic peptides with binding potential to HLA alleles. They found 28 peptides identical to SARS-CoV, 4","qid":25,"docid":"23ryjycz","rank":88,"score":9.179900169372559},{"content":"A study identified potential vaccine targets for the 2019-nCoV coronavirus by aligning its proteome to a database of viral immunogenic peptides and predicting their immunogenicity and binding potential to HLA alleles using models and algorithms. The researchers found 28 identical peptides to SARS-CoV, 48 similar peptides to immunogenic peptides in The Immune Epitope Database","qid":25,"docid":"z20po3eq","rank":89,"score":9.179899215698242},{"content":"A study on H7N9 influenza patients found that angiotensin II plasma levels are significantly elevated and linked to disease severity and fatal outcomes. Angiotensin II levels are stronger predictors of mortality than C-reactive protein and some clinical parameters like the PaO2\/FiO2 ratio. The findings suggest that angiotensin II is a potential biomarker for lethality in flu infections. Supplementary information is available online for","qid":25,"docid":"2vo80sry","rank":90,"score":9.173399925231934},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 21 studies with a total of 3377 patients and 33 laboratory parameters was conducted to evaluate the ability of hematologic, biochemical, and immunologic biomarkers in distinguishing severe and fatal forms of COVID-19 from non-severe and survivor cases. The results showed that patients with severe and fatal disease had significantly higher white blood cell counts and lower lymphocyte and platelet","qid":25,"docid":"apgh3j3r","rank":91,"score":9.145600318908691},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 21 studies with a total of 3377 patients and 33 laboratory parameters was conducted to identify hematologic, biochemical, and immunologic biomarkers that can predict severe and fatal forms of COVID-19. The studies were divided into two cohorts: severity (severe vs. non-severe and mortality, i.e. non-survivors vs. survivors). Pat","qid":25,"docid":"fg69m7o0","rank":92,"score":9.145599365234375},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop data mining models for predicting COVID-19 patient recovery using South Korea's epidemiological dataset. Six algorithms (decision tree, support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor) were applied using Python. The decision tree model had the highest accuracy (99.85%) for predicting patient recovery from COVID-19. The models predicted minimum and maximum recovery days, high","qid":25,"docid":"dvg0isgt","rank":93,"score":9.135299682617188},{"content":"A study used Graph Neural Networks (GNN) to extract edge features and node features for node classification tasks related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. The researchers created new edge features through self-supervised and unsupervised learning, and validated their method on two biological datasets of in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection and human COVID-19 patients. The results showed better performance compared to Graph Attention Network","qid":25,"docid":"8wb3384l","rank":94,"score":9.120599746704102},{"content":"The passage predicts the potential spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China using a simple mathematical model and epidemiological data. The authors found inconsistencies in the data and adjusted predictions accordingly. They estimate the number of cumulative cases to range from 76,000 to 230,000, with a peak of unrecovered infectives occurring in late February to early March. The number","qid":25,"docid":"vxfkb3jb","rank":95,"score":9.116700172424316},{"content":"A new coronavirus, COVID-19 or Wuhan-2019-nCoV, is causing a global health emergency with over 65,000 infected and 1370 deaths as of February 14, 2020. The virus is spreading faster than previous coronaviruses, SARS and MERS, which had 8000 and 2494 confirmed cases respectively. Differences in the rig","qid":25,"docid":"h632ll6u","rank":96,"score":9.114399909973145},{"content":"Ten neonates born to mothers with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection were analyzed for clinical features and outcomes. Mothers experienced symptoms before, during, or after delivery, with fever and cough being common. Neonates were mostly male, full-term, and had varying symptoms including shortness of breath, fever, thrombocytopenia, rapid heart rate, vomiting, and pneumothorax. Five have been discharged, one died","qid":25,"docid":"jetjxf90","rank":97,"score":9.10509967803955},{"content":"A case study was conducted to investigate the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Among 139 cancer patients who underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, eight (5.8%) had pulmonary infiltrates, five of whom had ground-glass opacities (GGOs). Three patients were tested for 20","qid":25,"docid":"fs7qsqn2","rank":98,"score":9.062899589538574},{"content":"A case study was conducted to investigate the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Among 139 cancer patients who underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, eight (5.8%) had pulmonary infiltrates, five of which were ground-glass opacities (GGOs). One patient, a 66-","qid":25,"docid":"s5f1olt4","rank":99,"score":9.062898635864258},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. The case of a 66-year-old man with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGOs) after chemotherapy was analyzed. The patient tested negative for 2019-nCoV","qid":25,"docid":"yk8f9jtn","rank":100,"score":9.062897682189941}]}
{"query":"what are the initial symptoms of Covid-19?","hits":[{"content":"A 53-year-old man with no prior psychiatric or medical history presented to the emergency department after a suicide attempt, triggered by auditory hallucinations. He was uncooperative and developed fever, tachycardia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen and transaminases. SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed through RT-PCR. Neurological examination was non-contributory. The patient reported that his initial symptom","qid":26,"docid":"d3qgrjc4","rank":1,"score":7.752900123596191},{"content":"A systematic review of nine articles involving 12 patients with pre-existing dermatologic disorders and COVID-19 found that while underlying diseases were exacerbated, most patients experienced mild to moderate symptoms and did not require ICU admission. Biologic or immunosuppressive\/immunomodulator agents were ceased during the infection, but treatment resumed after recovery. The course and management of COVID-19 in these patients were similar to the general","qid":26,"docid":"s5oxr6es","rank":2,"score":7.0954999923706055},{"content":"A systematic review of nine articles involving 12 patients with specific skin disorders and COVID-19 found that most required mild-moderate treatment, with only one requiring ICU admission. Biologic or immunosuppressive\/immunomodulator agents were ceased during infection but resumed after recovery to prevent severe recurrence and cytokine storms. The course of COVID-19 and its management were similar to the general population, with exacerb","qid":26,"docid":"x96vp6r4","rank":3,"score":6.97730016708374},{"content":"In critically ill COVID-19 patients, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common complication due to respiratory-swallowing incoordination from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or respiratory support interventions. Medical and rehabilitation professionals should recognize dysphagia as a potential prognostic complication, provide referrals, and initiate early interventions.","qid":26,"docid":"sy7kgh2a","rank":4,"score":6.89300012588501},{"content":"This passage is about the COVID-19 pandemic, which was declared a global health crisis by the World Health Organization in early 2020. The virus can be asymptomatic, and there is ongoing debate about how to handle surgeries for patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. This study, initiated by the Turkish Surgical Association, aims to provide guidance for surgeons regarding mandatory surgeries for these patients based on available data.","qid":26,"docid":"lsse2xvw","rank":5,"score":6.7153000831604},{"content":"The passage discusses the emerging evidence of nervous system involvement in COVID-19 patients caused by SARS-CoV-2. Initially, the focus was on respiratory dysregulations, but recent studies suggest that the virus may also invade other end-organs, including the nervous system. Symptoms such as anosmia, dysgeusia, ataxia, and altered mental status may be early signs of neurotropic potential. The recognition of these","qid":26,"docid":"5p0yyrdx","rank":6,"score":6.709099769592285},{"content":"A previous viewpoint highlighted the potential for nervous system involvement in COVID-19 patients despite initial focus on respiratory symptoms. Recent studies have provided evidence of this neurovirulence, including reports of anosmia, dysgeusia, ataxia, and altered mental status. These findings have helped clinicians better understand the scope of SARS-CoV-2's impact on various organs.","qid":26,"docid":"kbvy4g7i","rank":7,"score":6.709098815917969},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19, specifically conjunctivitis, based on anecdotal and published reports and previous experiences during the SARS outbreak. Lack of eye protection was identified as a risk factor for transmission of SARS-CoV through ocular secretions. Concerns have been raised about the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the same route, particularly among eye care providers.","qid":26,"docid":"vzxutyii","rank":8,"score":6.6234002113342285},{"content":"A case report of an elderly male who presented with rhabdomyolysis, later diagnosed with COVID-19. Rhabdomyolysis can be an initial or late symptom of COVID-19. Prompt diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes and controlling outbreaks. Patients with rhabdomyolysis should receive aggressive fluid administration to prevent acute kidney injury, but COVID-19 patients require cautious fluid administration to avoid worsening respiratory","qid":26,"docid":"o3b2yvbs","rank":9,"score":6.551799774169922},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies on 3563 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection found an overall prevalence of self-reported altered sense of smell or taste to be 47%. Prevalence was higher in severe symptomatic patients (67%) than in mild-to-moderate cases (31%). Loss of smell and taste preceded other symptoms in 20% of cases and was","qid":26,"docid":"0cydu5cv","rank":10,"score":6.404300212860107},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies on 3563 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection found an overall prevalence of self-reported altered sense of smell or taste to be 47%. Prevalence was higher in severe symptomatic patients (67%) than in mild-to-moderate cases (31%). Loss of smell and taste preceded other symptoms in 20% of cases and was","qid":26,"docid":"qilh19ai","rank":11,"score":6.404299259185791},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":26,"docid":"gnaubzah","rank":12,"score":6.388500213623047},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic affects children, but their symptoms are usually mild and include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, or vomiting. Severe respiratory issues are rare in children. Testing and imaging are of little value, and supportive care is recommended. No specific therapy or antiviral treatment is advised for healthy children. Children with compromised immune systems should be isolated.","qid":26,"docid":"hlhhvmtu","rank":13,"score":6.3884992599487305},{"content":"A participatory digital contact tracing approach using anonymous notifications is discussed as a supplemental method for COVID-19 contact tracing in countries with limited healthcare resources and technology. Confirmed cases can provide contact information, and the system automatically sends messages to contacts, informing them of their status, actions to take, and advice for early care if symptoms develop. The sender's name can be anonymous, and messages contain a security code for contacts to access detailed information.","qid":26,"docid":"qmp2h3h2","rank":14,"score":6.335299968719482},{"content":"This study aimed to describe and classify the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 based on a nationwide case collection survey in Spain. Five clinical patterns were identified: acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudo-chilblain), other vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, maculopapular eruptions, and livedo or necrosis. The pseudo-chilbl","qid":26,"docid":"8r4no840","rank":15,"score":6.28980016708374},{"content":"Seven COVID-19 patients out of 142, admitted to Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, presented with gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial or main symptoms. Three patients had gastrointestinal symptoms at the onset, while four developed them during disease progression. Symptoms included diarrhea (3-16 days), anorexia (7-22 days), upper abdominal discomfort (","qid":26,"docid":"0fzwwluc","rank":16,"score":6.282800197601318},{"content":"During the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, a study was conducted on the psychological impact on the general adult population (N = 3055). The outbreak led to a state of alarm, requiring citizens to stay confined at home. This drastic change caused significant psychosocial impacts, including anxiety, stress, and depression. The study examined various factors associated with mental health, including demographics, concern about the pandemic, environmental conditions, daily life changes,","qid":26,"docid":"7j98rhr8","rank":17,"score":6.26200008392334},{"content":"The University of Washington Medicine health system in Seattle-King County responded to the first reported COVID-19 case and death in the United States in late January and February 2020. UW Medicine collaborated with local, state, and national public health agencies to address the crisis, focusing on community support, scientific innovation, policy leadership, and adaptability. Balancing commitments to various stakeholders, UW Medicine ensured high-quality patient care throughout the pandemic.","qid":26,"docid":"jw85ao93","rank":18,"score":6.1539998054504395},{"content":"The University of Washington Medicine health system in Seattle-King County responded to the first reported COVID-19 case and death in the United States in late January and February 2020. UW Medicine collaborated with local, state, and national public health agencies to address the crisis, focusing on community support, scientific innovation, policy leadership, and adaptability. Balancing commitments to various stakeholders, UW Medicine ensured high-quality patient care throughout the pandemic.","qid":26,"docid":"mhwqgjbg","rank":19,"score":6.153998851776123},{"content":"A retrospective study of 211 COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic or mild symptoms identified body temperature, chills, initial chest X-ray findings, and diabetes as risk factors for disease progression to severe stages. The odds of transfer to severe care were increased 12.7-fold for abnormal chest X-ray findings, 6.32-fold for chills, and 64.1-fold for diabetes. Clinicians should closely","qid":26,"docid":"2ootfjhk","rank":20,"score":6.149899959564209},{"content":"A retrospective study of 211 COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic or mild symptoms identified body temperature, chills, initial chest X-ray findings, and diabetes as risk factors for disease progression to severe stages. The odds of transfer to severe care were increased 12.7-fold for abnormal chest X-ray findings, 6.32-fold for chills, and 64.1-fold for diabetes. Clinicians should closely","qid":26,"docid":"88n6hwyo","rank":21,"score":6.149899005889893},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of smartphone sensors for contact tracing apps during the COVID-19 pandemic. These sensors include Bluetooth, digital compass, accelerometer, GPS, Wi-Fi capabilities, microphone, humidity sensors, health tracking sensors, and camera. Governments have turned to these features to trace individuals with symptoms of the virus. However, privacy concerns arise as these sensors can disclose private information. The passage analyzes various contact tracing apps, examining the required permissions,","qid":26,"docid":"5mwhc6q7","rank":22,"score":6.127699851989746},{"content":"A report summarizes the lack of published evidence on anosmia and ageusia (loss of smell and taste) as symptoms of COVID-19. Oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy or immune therapy, who experience these symptoms, should contact their acute oncology support line for advice. Experts suggest these symptoms could be used as a potential trigger for testing or self-isolation until more data is available. Currently, there are no reported cases of COVID-19 patients","qid":26,"docid":"zpb9jicw","rank":23,"score":6.071400165557861},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for research on the transmissibility of COVID-19 from humans to companion animals and livestock, with potential consequences including continued human infection, food security issues, and disruptions to military operations. The article suggests collecting data on which animal species can be infected, their sources of infection, the period of infectivity, and transmissibility to other animals and humans. It also emphasizes the importance of identifying the best diagnostic tests and disease markers in","qid":26,"docid":"cydhg0jz","rank":24,"score":6.057600021362305},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for research on the transmissibility of COVID-19 from humans to companion animals and livestock. The potential consequences include the animals serving as reservoirs of infection, disruptions to food security, economy, and trade, and impacts on military service animals. The article suggests collecting data on which animal species can be infected, their period of infectivity, and transmissibility, as well as the best diagnostic tests and disease markers. Opportunities","qid":26,"docid":"nooo6ttz","rank":25,"score":6.057599067687988},{"content":"A mathematical model was used to assess the effectiveness of isolation and contact tracing in controlling COVID-19 outbreaks. The study found that with five initial cases, an R0 of 1.5, and no transmission before symptom onset, the outbreak could be controlled even with low contact tracing probability. However, the probability of controlling an outbreak decreased with the number of initial cases, higher R0 values, and more transmission before symptom onset. To control the majority of outbreaks","qid":26,"docid":"ofijw6n7","rank":26,"score":6.027699947357178},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic currently lacks randomized controlled trials proving the effectiveness of antiviral therapies. Despite this, physicians are widely prescribing various drugs to COVID-19 patients in the hope of a cure, deviating from the evidence-based medicine approach. There is a need for more research to establish effective routine care practices for managing COVID-19 symptoms and combating the disease's pathology.","qid":26,"docid":"x82yaoxc","rank":27,"score":6.013700008392334},{"content":"A case report of a COVID-19 patient in China with diarrhea as the initial symptom, which is less commonly reported. The typical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia or fatigue. Less common symptoms include headache, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. This patient underwent CT scan, laboratory examination, and viral RNA detection in the pharynx, confirming the","qid":26,"docid":"0ylislv9","rank":28,"score":6.008900165557861},{"content":"A case report of a COVID-19 patient in China with diarrhea as the initial symptom, which is less commonly reported. The typical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia or fatigue. Less common symptoms include headache, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. This patient underwent CT scan, laboratory examination, and viral RNA detection in the pharynx, confirming the","qid":26,"docid":"1aqtqaod","rank":29,"score":6.008899211883545},{"content":"A case series study conducted between March 25 and April 15, 2020, assessed initial symptoms of COVID-19 in 140 nonhospitalized patients. The most common symptoms were cough and weakness (37.5%). Olfactory and taste dysfunctions were reported by 25.8% of patients, with women more commonly experiencing these symptoms (P = .018 for taste dysfunction and P < .001","qid":26,"docid":"epk4uksu","rank":30,"score":5.990900039672852},{"content":"A case series study conducted between March 25 and April 15, 2020, assessed initial symptoms of COVID-19 in 140 nonhospitalized patients. The most common symptoms were cough and weakness (37.5%). Olfactory and taste dysfunctions were reported by 25.8% of patients, with women more commonly experiencing these symptoms. Anosmia and facial pain were more common among women (P < .0","qid":26,"docid":"zv45usvu","rank":31,"score":5.990899085998535},{"content":"This paper uses scenario planning to identify uncertainties related to COVID-19 and potential futures for faculty and universities in Canada and other areas with rising epidemic curves and publicly funded institutions. The focus is on preparing for plausible futures based on current uncertainties.","qid":26,"docid":"mhnm4zac","rank":32,"score":5.98859977722168},{"content":"A mathematical model was used to assess the effectiveness of isolation and contact tracing in controlling COVID-19 outbreaks caused by imported cases of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The study found that the number of initial cases, basic reproduction number (R0), delay from symptom onset to isolation, probability of contact tracing, proportion of transmission before symptom onset, and proportion of subclinical infections all impact the feasibility of controlling outbreaks. The findings","qid":26,"docid":"ueb7mjnv","rank":33,"score":5.950799942016602},{"content":"A new mutation of coronavirus, covid-19, declared a pandemic by WHO, is causing alarm and leading to increased social media activity in Bogota, Colombia. Text mining techniques are being used to analyze the symptom-related publications of Colombian residents within a 50 km radius to understand the spread of covid-19 in the area.","qid":26,"docid":"6jiy0b55","rank":34,"score":5.935299873352051},{"content":"The passage discusses the objectives, methods, results, and conclusions of a study on the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 epidemics. The study identifies inadequate risk assessment and limited reporting within China as contributing factors to the rapid spread of COVID-19. Compared to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly due to increased globalization and the location of the outbreak in Wuhan, a major transportation hub. The","qid":26,"docid":"g7dhmyyo","rank":35,"score":5.921999931335449},{"content":"COVID-19, the pandemic disease causing respiratory symptoms, also presents neurological manifestations including headache, dizziness, convulsions, and cerebrovascular disease. This review discusses the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and potential mechanisms of central nervous system involvement. Early recognition and management by clinicians, particularly internists, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists, is crucial for improving patient prognosis and preventing disease dissemination.","qid":26,"docid":"blkhfhe2","rank":36,"score":5.907599925994873},{"content":"COVID-19, the pandemic disease causing respiratory symptoms, also presents neurological manifestations including headache, dizziness, convulsions, and cerebrovascular disease. This review discusses the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and potential mechanisms of central nervous system involvement. Early recognition and management by clinicians, particularly internists, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists, is crucial for improving patient prognosis and preventing disease dissemination.","qid":26,"docid":"rvo73h2l","rank":37,"score":5.907598972320557},{"content":"A 73-year-old man presented at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia with delirium as the only symptom of COVID-19 infection, despite having no fever or respiratory symptoms. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 through a swab test and recovered quickly with no residual effects. This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of COVID-19 to ensure timely diagnosis and prevent outbreaks in healthcare facilities.","qid":26,"docid":"jeaqqbna","rank":38,"score":5.878799915313721},{"content":"A 73-year-old man presented at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia with delirium as the only symptom of COVID-19 infection, despite having no fever or respiratory symptoms. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 through a swab test and recovered quickly with no residual effects. This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of COVID-19 to ensure timely diagnosis, appropriate care, and prevention of outbreaks in healthcare facilities","qid":26,"docid":"nq466fvh","rank":39,"score":5.878798961639404},{"content":"A study of 535 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, found that 5.0% presented with conjunctival congestion, with an average duration of 5.9 days. Other ocular symptoms like increased secretion, pain, photophobia, dry eye, and tearing were also observed. Hand-eye contact was linked to conjunctival congestion. Some patients had chronic eye diseases such as conjunctivitis, x","qid":26,"docid":"bfp6tsuc","rank":40,"score":5.865799903869629},{"content":"A study of 535 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, found that 5.0% presented with conjunctival congestion, which had an average duration of 5.9 days. Other ocular symptoms like increased secretion, pain, photophobia, dry eye, and tearing were also observed. Hand-eye contact was linked to conjunctival congestion. Some patients had chronic eye diseases such as conjunctivitis,","qid":26,"docid":"gexdgyfv","rank":41,"score":5.8657989501953125},{"content":"The first two confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines were described in this report. Both patients were Chinese nationals on vacation in the country and were admitted to the national infectious disease referral hospital in Manila. Patient 1, a 39-year-old female, had symptoms of cough and sore throat and was the first confirmed case in the Philippines on January 30, 2020. Patient 2, a 44-year","qid":26,"docid":"ajbypz7g","rank":42,"score":5.853600025177002},{"content":"A study emphasizes the importance of early initiation of antiviral treatment for COVID-19 in clinical trials due to the heterogeneity of virus dynamics among patients and the limited effectiveness of antiviral drugs if initiated after a short period following symptom onset.","qid":26,"docid":"6xph6ya7","rank":43,"score":5.839300155639648},{"content":"The passage discusses the surprising observation that children have a lower infection rate and severity of COVID-19 symptoms despite having an immature immune system. It explains that clinical data from the pandemic suggests this trend, and goes on to explore the components of children's immune systems, the role of maternal transmission of immunity, and potential explanations for this phenomenon.","qid":26,"docid":"p8aztarb","rank":44,"score":5.821499824523926},{"content":"A patient with COVID-19 presented to the intensive care unit with disrupted taste and flavor perception (hypogeusia) as the initial symptom before developing respiratory involvement. The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes a range of symptoms from mild upper respiratory infection to severe respiratory distress and death. Olfactory dysfunction, including hyposmia and dysgeusia, has been reported in mild or asymptomatic","qid":26,"docid":"z5u32l0w","rank":45,"score":5.817299842834473},{"content":"A report examines the initial CT imaging findings and their relationship to clinical characteristics in a family cluster of 7 COVID-19 patients. Four patients tested positive within a week of symptom onset, one was negative before symptoms, and two were asymptomatic with typical CT abnormalities. The main CT imaging manifestations were peripheral or subpleural ground-glass opacities and ground-glass with consolidation. The report may be useful for initial CT screening of imported","qid":26,"docid":"aimvn68x","rank":46,"score":5.814799785614014},{"content":"A report detailing the initial CT imaging findings of an imported family cluster with seven confirmed COVID-19 cases was analyzed. Four patients tested positive within a week of symptom onset, one was negative before symptoms, and two were asymptomatic with typical CT abnormalities. The main CT imaging manifestations were peripheral or subpleural ground-glass opacities and ground-glass with consolidation. This report may be useful for initial CT screening of imported familial cluster","qid":26,"docid":"z7lz9syq","rank":47,"score":5.814798831939697},{"content":"A 40-year-old COVID-19 patient was successfully treated with remdesivir, despite a 6-day delay in initiation of therapy. The patient, who had dry cough, fever, and shortness of breath, was admitted to the hospital 3 days after symptom onset and received hydroxychloroquine in the meantime. A request for compassionate use of remdesivir was submitted on the same day as the positive COVID-1","qid":26,"docid":"jql4n0td","rank":48,"score":5.810200214385986},{"content":"A 40-year-old COVID-19 patient was successfully treated with remdesivir, despite a 6-day delay in initiation of therapy. The patient, who had dry cough, fever, and shortness of breath, was intubated and received hydroxychloroquine before receiving remdesivir. The patient was extubated 60 hours after starting remdesivir and transitioned to room air within 24 hours. Late","qid":26,"docid":"ssuao9mb","rank":49,"score":5.81019926071167},{"content":"A retrospective review of patients with suspected COVID-19 on imaging from March 1, 2020 to March 20, 2020 identified eight patients with positive findings, seven of whom were later confirmed to have COVID-19 through lab testing. These patients did not report prior exposure or recent travel, and all were asymptomatic at presentation. Five of these patients later developed respiratory symptoms and required intubation, and two ultimately exp","qid":26,"docid":"dhfl8qr5","rank":50,"score":5.794600009918213},{"content":"A retrospective review of patients with suspected COVID-19 on imaging from March 1, 2020 to March 20, 2020 identified eight patients with positive findings, seven of whom were later confirmed to have COVID-19 through lab testing. These patients did not report prior exposure or recent travel, and all were asymptomatic at presentation. Five of these patients later developed respiratory symptoms and required intubation, and two ultimately exp","qid":26,"docid":"x81035za","rank":51,"score":5.7945990562438965},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on New York City's medical establishment, with faster spread and higher mortality rates than initially anticipated. Hospitals have had to adapt quickly to the crisis, with all departments within large systems learning valuable lessons. The authors share their experiences and insights, hoping to guide physical medicine and rehabilitation departments in their potential roles and areas of growth during this time.","qid":26,"docid":"a09ptyke","rank":52,"score":5.772299766540527},{"content":"During the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, over half of the surveyed population reported moderate-to-severe psychological impact, with significant numbers experiencing moderate-to-severe anxiety, depression, and stress. Factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status include being female, a student, having specific physical symptoms, and poor self-rated health. Access to up-to-date and accurate health information, as well as implementing prec","qid":26,"docid":"d3owtd98","rank":53,"score":5.767199993133545},{"content":"During the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, over half of the surveyed population reported moderate-to-severe psychological impact, with significant numbers experiencing moderate-to-severe anxiety, depression, and stress. Factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status include being female, a student, having specific physical symptoms, and poor self-rated health. Access to up-to-date and accurate health information, as well as implementing prec","qid":26,"docid":"qujbaiq2","rank":54,"score":5.7671990394592285},{"content":"COVID-19, the global pandemic, has two phases: an initial incubation phase with insidious symptoms and high contagion, and a later clinical symptomatic phase where the immune system is activated and severe infection can occur. Neurological symptoms, including ischaemic stroke, can appear in the first 1-2 days of the clinical symptomatic phase. Prevention and management focus on preventing progression from mild to severe infection.","qid":26,"docid":"y5ptscri","rank":55,"score":5.766300201416016},{"content":"COVID-19, the global pandemic, has two phases: an initial incubation phase with insidious symptoms and high contagion, and a later clinical symptomatic phase with activated immune systems and potential severe infection. Neurological symptoms can appear in the first 1-2 days of the clinical symptomatic phase, and ischaemic strokes may occur two weeks later. Prevention and management focus on preventing progression from mild to severe infection.","qid":26,"docid":"ywsm11aw","rank":56,"score":5.766299247741699},{"content":"A 62-year-old male heart transplant recipient experienced mild symptoms of COVID-19 but had prolonged virus shedding. Despite continuing immunosuppression, he developed a fever and increased inflammatory markers. Hydroxychloroquine was administered for seven days, but virus culture and PCR tests remained positive for over a month. The findings suggest that immunosuppression may contribute to delayed virus clearance in transplant recip","qid":26,"docid":"5867bc6i","rank":57,"score":5.753200054168701},{"content":"This paper examines how self-organized food provisioning initiatives in Naples, Italy, have increased food accessibility during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study identifies and characterizes urban-rural initiatives activated between March and April 2020, highlighting their impact on outcome and social well-being. The case of Masseria Ferraioli is presented as a social innovation best practice, distributing vegetables to those in need on confiscated land from the","qid":26,"docid":"568domkf","rank":58,"score":5.746200084686279},{"content":"A study assessed 898 U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding high levels of depression (43.3%), anxiety (45.4%), and PTSD symptoms (31.8%). Loneliness, COVID-19 worries, and low distress tolerance were linked to clinical levels of these symptoms. Resilience reduced depression and anxiety, but not PTSD. Family support was","qid":26,"docid":"2mvcyvbl","rank":59,"score":5.71589994430542},{"content":"A study assessed 898 U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding high levels of depression (43.3%), anxiety (45.4%), and PTSD symptoms (31.8%). Loneliness, COVID-19 worry, and low distress tolerance were linked to clinical levels of these symptoms. Resilience reduced depression and anxiety, but not PTSD. Family support was","qid":26,"docid":"xl9ia23n","rank":60,"score":5.7158989906311035},{"content":"COVID-19 symptoms include fever, dry cough, dyspnea, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, affecting over half of patients. Digestive symptoms may precede pulmonary symptoms. Lymphopenia, elevated CRP, and heightened ASAT transaminases can indicate COVID-19 infection. Thoraco-abdominal scans can rule out unrelated digestive issues and","qid":26,"docid":"dnv2xl0h","rank":61,"score":5.714200019836426},{"content":"COVID-19 symptoms include fever, dry cough, dyspnea, and digestive issues such as anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Digestive symptoms are more common in severe cases and can precede pulmonary symptoms. Lymphopenia, elevated CRP, and heightened ASAT transaminases are early indicators of COVID-19. Thoraco-abdominal scans","qid":26,"docid":"pbqm2xrg","rank":62,"score":5.714199066162109},{"content":"Surgeons need to be aware that digestive symptoms, including anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, are common in COVID-19 patients, affecting more than half of those with severe infections. Early signs of infection may include lymphopenia, elevated CRP, and heightened ASAT transaminases. Thoraco-abdominal scans can help rule out unrelated digestive issues and","qid":26,"docid":"sk5eugor","rank":63,"score":5.6981000900268555},{"content":"This study used an antigen capture ELISA with monoclonal antibodies against the N protein of SARS-CoV to test 829 serum specimens from 643 patients suspected of having SARS-CoV infection. The results showed that N protein was most commonly detected in sera collected within the first 10 days after symptom onset, with a 100% detection rate in 24 sera from patients confirmed","qid":26,"docid":"8e8h7bo3","rank":64,"score":5.69189977645874},{"content":"A 62-year-old male heart transplant recipient experienced mild symptoms of COVID-19 but had prolonged virus shedding. His temperature and inflammatory markers increased, and hydroxychloroquine was administered. Despite no longer having clinical symptoms, virus culture and PCR tests remained positive for over a month. The study suggests that immunosuppression may be continued for transplant recipients with mild COVID-19 symptoms, but it","qid":26,"docid":"tqb41unj","rank":65,"score":5.690400123596191},{"content":"A 50-year-old HIV-positive man with a COVID-19 diagnosis was found dead at home, five weeks after exhibiting symptoms. Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) of his lungs revealed deterioration beyond typical post-mortem findings, resembling acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with histologically identified inflammation and binuclear lymphocytes. Additional findings included acute liver dyst","qid":26,"docid":"iwkuwnun","rank":66,"score":5.679699897766113},{"content":"A significant number of COVID-19 patients experience headaches, which can be new-onset, moderate-severe, and bilateral with pulsating or pressing quality in the temples, forehead, or periorbital region. Headaches in COVID-19 patients have a sudden to gradual onset, poor response to common analgesics, and high relapse rate during the active phase of the disease. Neurological findings related to COVID-19, including","qid":26,"docid":"mqp3pjx6","rank":67,"score":5.67609977722168},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, led to COVID-19 with initial symptoms including fever, sore throat, cough, and dyspnea. However, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of taste and smell were also reported. Headache was the most common neurological symptom, affecting 11%-34% of hospitalized patients, with new-onset, moderate-severe, bilateral head","qid":26,"docid":"q7r2vfo1","rank":68,"score":5.676098823547363},{"content":"A retrospective study of 592 healthcare workers (HCWs) found that those reporting three or more symptoms, fever, and myalgia had increased odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Anosmia\/ageusia was less common among those with positive tests but was associated with a seven-fold increase in odds. Among HCWs with initial negative tests, nine later tested positive, resulting in a negative predictive value of ","qid":26,"docid":"qziln7b6","rank":69,"score":5.673399925231934},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted on healthcare workers (HCWs) undergoing both COVID-19 symptom screening and SARS-CoV-2 assays. Among 592 HCWs, 14% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic or those with only sore throat or nasal congestion had negative assays. HCWs reporting three or more symptoms, fever, and myalg","qid":26,"docid":"z19ri377","rank":70,"score":5.673398971557617},{"content":"Between March 13 and 27, 2020, a pair of New York City hospitals reported 43 confirmed COVID-19 cases among pregnant women. Thirteen (32.6%) of these women were asymptomatic and were identified through universal testing or developing symptoms during admission. Ten of these asymptomatic women later developed COVID-19 symptoms. Among the 30 symptomatic women, three required antenatal admission, and one presented six days","qid":26,"docid":"7q9jady4","rank":71,"score":5.658199787139893},{"content":"Between March 13 and 27, 2020, a pair of New York City hospitals reported 43 confirmed COVID-19 cases among pregnant women. Thirteen (32.6%) of these women were asymptomatic and were identified either during admission or through universal testing. Ten of these asymptomatic women later developed COVID-19 symptoms. Among the 30 symptomatic women, three required antenatal admission, and one presented six days post","qid":26,"docid":"vhtc0jvq","rank":72,"score":5.658198833465576},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in children found that most were exposed to the virus at home, with common symptoms including fever, cough, and sore throat. Asymptomatic cases accounted for 18%. Radiographic findings were varied, with patchy consolidations and ground glass opacities being common, but normal CT images observed in over a third of cases. Antiviral agents were given to most children, and","qid":26,"docid":"dqjwcm0i","rank":73,"score":5.633500099182129},{"content":"A meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in children aged 1 day-17.5 years was conducted. Most children (87%) had household exposure to the virus. Common symptoms were fever (53%), cough (39%), and sore throat\/pharyngeal erythema (14%), while 18% were asymptomatic. Common radiographic findings were patchy consolidations (3","qid":26,"docid":"hit7rs6q","rank":74,"score":5.6334991455078125},{"content":"The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery developed a tool for clinicians to report cases of anosmia (loss of sense of smell) and dysgeusia (altered sense of taste) related to COVID-19. An analysis of the first 237 entries revealed that 73% of patients experienced anosmia before diagnosis, and it was the initial symptom in 26.6% of cases. Some improvement was","qid":26,"docid":"udy9wyu2","rank":75,"score":5.63129997253418},{"content":"The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery developed a tool for clinicians to report cases of anosmia (loss of sense of smell) and dysgeusia (altered sense of taste) related to COVID-19. An analysis of the first 237 entries revealed that 73% of patients experienced anosmia before diagnosis, and it was the initial symptom in 26.6% of cases. Some improvement was","qid":26,"docid":"xbkdylri","rank":76,"score":5.631299018859863},{"content":"This retrospective study summarized the chest CT imaging and clinical features of the initial 25 COVID-19 patients in Luoyang, China. The patients ranged from 24 to 88 years old with a median age of 52. Thirteen (52%) patients had been in Wuhan or had contact with Wuhan residents, and ten (40%) were infected through family or colleagues. The median time from initial symptoms to diagnosis was 7","qid":26,"docid":"tqrjb1fe","rank":77,"score":5.628900051116943},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak, which began in December 2019 and had spread to over 375,000 confirmed cases globally by March 25, 2020, including 2,201 cases in Brazil, raises concerns for its impact on pregnant women and assisted reproductive treatments. While most cases result in mild symptoms, severe pulmonary disease is possible. Current evidence suggests similar symptoms in pregnant women and no increased risks","qid":26,"docid":"zdyggb4o","rank":78,"score":5.628699779510498},{"content":"This review summarizes current knowledge on COVID-19 and pregnancy. The virus, which has been a global health issue since December 2019, has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The review aims to provide an overview of symptoms in pregnant women with COVID-19 and potential risks to fetuses and neonates. Data was extracted from studies published in English on Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus up to April 2, ","qid":26,"docid":"lqfzte7w","rank":79,"score":5.625199794769287},{"content":"The passage is a review summarizing current knowledge about COVID-19 and its impact on pregnancy. The review covers early symptoms of COVID-19, which include fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, and fatigue, and less common symptoms such as sputum production, headache, hemoptysis, and diarrhea. There is no evidence of vertical maternal-fetal transmission of COVID-19. Pregnant women with COVID-1","qid":26,"docid":"r4c7nldn","rank":80,"score":5.625198841094971},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has limited resources and tests available for national governments to evaluate its reach. The CoronaSurveys project aims to collect and publish data on people showing symptoms compatible with COVID-19 in Spain and Portugal using open anonymous surveys. While biased, this data can still be useful for estimating the number of infected individuals and tracking its evolution over time.","qid":26,"docid":"asj3r94u","rank":81,"score":5.624000072479248},{"content":"A national survey was conducted in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand individuals experiencing acute loss of smell and\/or taste. Of the 220 respondents, 42% were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 58% were not. Thirty-seven percent reported changes in smell\/taste as their only symptom. Most patients had other COVID-19 symptoms at the time of chemosensory loss, but","qid":26,"docid":"fqsmfuxl","rank":82,"score":5.598199844360352},{"content":"A national survey was conducted in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand individuals experiencing acute loss of smell and\/or taste. Of the 220 respondents, 42% were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 58% were not. Thirty-seven percent reported changes in smell\/taste as their initial symptom. Most patients had other COVID-19 symptoms at the time of chemosensory loss, but","qid":26,"docid":"okkrg30e","rank":83,"score":5.598198890686035},{"content":"A case report of a COVID-19 patient with gastrointestinal bleeding as the first symptom is presented. While fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia or fatigue are common, digestive symptoms and gastrointestinal bleeding are less reported. Clinicians should be aware of atypical symptoms and consider COVID-19 in patients undergoing endoscopy to prevent potential infection or transmission.","qid":26,"docid":"99c1wgid","rank":84,"score":5.5980000495910645},{"content":"A case report of a COVID-19 patient with gastrointestinal bleeding as the first symptom is presented. While fever, cough, and respiratory symptoms are common, this uncommon presentation should alert clinicians to consider COVID-19 in patients with atypical symptoms. Endoscopy patients should be considered potentially infected or infectious.","qid":26,"docid":"xgr6r6of","rank":85,"score":5.597999095916748},{"content":"The passage describes the development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales (CSS), a 36-item questionnaire designed to measure stress and anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CSS were developed based on common symptoms observed during the pandemic, such as fear of infection, economic consequences, xenophobia, compulsive checking, and traumatic stress. The scales were validated in population-representative samples from Canada and the United States, and","qid":26,"docid":"jn6zofl7","rank":86,"score":5.580699920654297},{"content":"The COVID Stress Scales (CSS), a 36-item questionnaire, were developed to measure stress and anxiety symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The scales were designed to assess features such as fear of infection, economic consequences, xenophobia, compulsive checking, and traumatic stress. The CSS were validated in population-representative samples from Canada and the United States, revealing a stable 5-factor solution. The scales demonstrated good","qid":26,"docid":"qp7kdyhy","rank":87,"score":5.5806989669799805},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using mathematical modeling to analyze the impact of testing key workers for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study compared four strategies: no testing (S0), testing only those with COVID-19 symptoms in isolation (S1), testing those without symptoms but in household-quarantine (S2), and testing all staff (S3). The study varied parameters such as infection rate, proportion asymptomatic, sensitivity, and specificity. Testing","qid":26,"docid":"igpxdj5m","rank":88,"score":5.565999984741211},{"content":"The passage discusses a mathematical modeling analysis exploring the impact of testing key workers for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Three testing strategies were compared: no testing (S0), testing those with COVID-19-like symptoms in isolation (S1), and testing all staff (S3). Testing all staff reduces transmission risks but increases absences and testing needs. Testing in household-quarantine (S2) minimizes absences but increases transmission risks, which can","qid":26,"docid":"uig5y33c","rank":89,"score":5.5659990310668945},{"content":"A case is presented of a patient in North America who was the first reported in the region with COVID-19 initially diagnosed as keratoconjunctivitis. The patient's primary symptom was a red eye with watery discharge, along with mild respiratory symptoms and no fever. Repeat visits to an ophthalmologist revealed evolving corneal findings, and a conjunctival swab tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus","qid":26,"docid":"edevlflf","rank":90,"score":5.560400009155273},{"content":"A case is presented of a patient in North America who was the first reported in the region with COVID-19 initially diagnosed through keratoconjunctivitis. The patient's primary symptom was a red eye with watery discharge, along with mild respiratory symptoms and no fever. Repeat visits to an ophthalmologist revealed evolving corneal findings, and a conjunctival swab from the affected eye tested positive for the SARS-Co","qid":26,"docid":"ys7z7j8j","rank":91,"score":5.560399055480957},{"content":"The passage summarizes an investigation into the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Gansu province, China. As of February 25, 2020, there were 91 confirmed cases, which could be divided into three stages: imported cases, imported-cases plus indigenous cases, and indigenous cases. The majority (69.23%) were clustered cases, and only 3 cases were due to non-occupational exposure to","qid":26,"docid":"aqyig0mb","rank":92,"score":5.555500030517578},{"content":"The passage summarizes an investigation into the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Gansu province, China. As of February 25, 2020, there were 91 confirmed cases, which could be divided into three stages: imported cases, imported-cases plus indigenous cases, and indigenous cases. The majority (69.23%) were clustered cases, and only 3 cases were due to non-occupational exposure to","qid":26,"docid":"ecen7ke8","rank":93,"score":5.555499076843262},{"content":"Five common skin manifestations of COVID-19 identified through a review of 375 patients' images by Spanish dermatologists: chilblain-like lesions, small blisters, wheals, rashes with small red bumps, and livedo and necrosis. Chilblain-like lesions and rashes are less severe, while livedo and necrosis indicate more severe infection. Some symptoms may not be specific to COVID-","qid":26,"docid":"pb4d6jo0","rank":94,"score":5.5543999671936035},{"content":"A contemporary review of the neurological sequelae of COVID-19 was conducted to characterize the neuro-invasive potential of the disease. SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus, can reach ACE2 receptors on neuronal tissue through the general circulation, leading to central nervous system (CNS) manifestations such as headache and vertigo. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) sequ","qid":26,"docid":"411qyubx","rank":95,"score":5.548999786376953},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on otolaryngology, focusing on the role of anosmia and hyposmia as potential symptoms, clinical management of ENT patients, especially those with Covid-19, and the effects on ENT examinations and surgeries.","qid":26,"docid":"ezyu6873","rank":96,"score":5.548998832702637},{"content":"The passage discusses the limited knowledge available regarding the incidence, course, and outcomes of acute pancreatitis in patients with COVID-19. While COVID-19 is primarily known for its pulmonary symptoms, extra-pulmonary manifestations have gained attention. However, more information is needed to understand the connection between COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis.","qid":26,"docid":"umaxozwk","rank":97,"score":5.5457000732421875},{"content":"Many individuals with COVID-19 continue to experience symptoms long after their initial diagnosis, surprising medical professionals. Linda Geddes explores the reasons behind this phenomenon.","qid":26,"docid":"f95i3al5","rank":98,"score":5.534599781036377},{"content":"The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) released an updated clinical practice guideline in 2008 for evaluating fever and infection in older adults residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Older adults in LTCFs are at high risk for infections due to their age and multiple comorbidities. Recognizing infection can be challenging as fever may be absent in over half of LTCF residents with serious infections. L","qid":26,"docid":"wkhxbcue","rank":99,"score":5.528299808502197},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in infected patients in Italy, resulting in a high demand for intensive care unit (ICU) beds. This demand may lead to a reduction in the number of available ICU beds for both organ donors and transplant recipients, potentially decreasing the number of transplants. Preliminary data shows a 25% reduction in procured organs during the first 4 weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy","qid":26,"docid":"avbl3lfx","rank":100,"score":5.524099826812744}]}
{"query":"what is known about those infected with Covid-19 but are asymptomatic?","hits":[{"content":"A systematic review aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Twenty-four studies were included, indicating that children have a lower observed case rate than adults but may have similar infection rates. Limited data suggest children have milder symptoms and can be asymptomatic, but severe cases and transmission dynamics are not well understood.","qid":27,"docid":"998lscmk","rank":1,"score":10.539999961853027},{"content":"This descriptive study reports on 130 Italian children with confirmed COVID-19, revealing that about half had a family member with the virus and over a quarter had comorbidities, most commonly respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular conditions. The majority (75.4%) had asymptomatic or mild disease, but over half were hospitalized, with 11.5% requiring respiratory support and 6.9% treated in","qid":27,"docid":"u7arfoym","rank":2,"score":9.768500328063965},{"content":"A systematic review identified nine studies reporting COVID-19 transmission from 83 asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriers, confirming their ability to infect others. Implications for public health response are discussed. Keywords: Covid-19, Asymptomatic, Pre-symptomatic, Public Health.","qid":27,"docid":"nadzy6lm","rank":3,"score":9.708399772644043},{"content":"An asymptomatic patient with COVID-19 underwent a spine CT scan, revealing lung abnormalities that led to a diagnosis. Neuroradiologists should be aware of the potential pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 that may be observed on neck and spine imaging.","qid":27,"docid":"5j6uu16i","rank":4,"score":9.526700019836426},{"content":"An asymptomatic patient with COVID-19 underwent a spine CT scan for trauma, revealing lung abnormalities later confirmed as the virus. Neuroradiologists should be aware of various COVID-19 pulmonary manifestations that may appear on neck and spine imaging.","qid":27,"docid":"t0mqh9m0","rank":5,"score":9.52669906616211},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been uncertainties regarding the management of non-traumatic surgical emergencies, such as acute appendicitis and cholecystitis. Issues include identifying COVID-19 patients quickly, understanding the impact of abdominal surgical diseases and their treatment on COVID-19 patients, and discussing the role of non-operative treatment for abdominal diseases. This review explores these concerns based on existing","qid":27,"docid":"vnq1fjwy","rank":6,"score":9.48390007019043},{"content":"The study compared TEOAEs amplitudes and VEMPs latencies between asymptomatic COVID-19 PCR-positive cases and non-infected subjects. The test group consisted of 20 asymptomatic COVID-19 positive individuals aged 20-50, with no known hearing loss or COVID-19 symptoms. The results showed significantly worse high frequency pure-tone thresholds and TEOAE amplitudes in the test group, suggesting","qid":27,"docid":"8u7d4czd","rank":7,"score":9.147600173950195},{"content":"The study compared hearing abilities between asymptomatic COVID-19 PCR-positive cases and non-infected individuals through TEOAEs (transient evoked otoacoustic emissions) and pure-tone audiometry. The test group consisted of 20 asymptomatic COVID-19 positive cases between 20 and 50 years old. The results showed significantly worse high frequency pure-tone thresholds and TEOAE amplitudes in","qid":27,"docid":"zdmof6zb","rank":8,"score":9.147599220275879},{"content":"The passage discusses the clinical presentations of coronavirus infections in children, focusing on the four common human coronaviruses and the three novel zoonotic coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. While the novel coronaviruses cause severe illness and death predominantly in older adults and those with comorbidities, children with COVID-19 are more likely to be","qid":27,"docid":"2zaxn6tq","rank":9,"score":9.070899963378906},{"content":"The passage discusses the various clinical presentations of coronaviruses in children, with a focus on the four common human coronaviruses (hCoVs) and the three novel zoonotic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2). While the common hCoVs typically cause mild upper respiratory infections in children, the novel coronaviruses have been associated","qid":27,"docid":"5w194etz","rank":10,"score":9.07089900970459},{"content":"The passage discusses the questions surrounding immunity-based protection against COVID-19, specifically why some infected individuals have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, why delayed and weak antibody responses are linked to severe outcomes, and why a positive molecular test does not necessarily indicate the presence of protective antibody IgG. The text suggests that T cell responses may hold the answer to these questions and that studying SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells can help advance the development","qid":27,"docid":"rs79r7kc","rank":11,"score":9.037799835205078},{"content":"The passage discusses the questions surrounding immunity-based protection against COVID-19 and the potential role of T cells in providing protective immunity. While SARS-CoV-2 induces severe symptoms such as pneumonia and lymphopenia, some infected individuals have mild or no symptoms, and delayed or weak antibody responses are associated with severe outcomes. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in molecular tests does not necessarily indicate the presence of protective antib","qid":27,"docid":"rsz7ch2a","rank":12,"score":9.037798881530762},{"content":"Hospitals are intensifying infection control measures in response to COVID-19, surpassing federal and international standards. Examples include universal masking, decreased testing thresholds, and extensive use of personal protective equipment. Factors driving this \"arms race\" include concerns for personal safety, uncertainty about transmission, confusion over aerosol-generating procedures, recognition of asymptomatic infection, and limited diagnostic test accuracy. The potential downsides of maximal infection control and necessary research","qid":27,"docid":"iy6rw8h5","rank":13,"score":8.990599632263184},{"content":"The passage discusses the concern over the high number of healthcare workers being infected with COVID-19 and the importance of protecting them to ensure they can continue to care for patients. This requires the implementation of effective and compassionate safety protocols, considering the virus's unknowns and the fact that some infected individuals may be asymptomatic or test negative while still contagious. The issue raises ethical and legal concerns, including negligence liability for hospitals and health centers under occupational health and","qid":27,"docid":"i3i3xuc6","rank":14,"score":8.963800430297852},{"content":"The passage discusses the concern over the high number of healthcare workers being infected with COVID-19 and the importance of protecting them to ensure they can continue to care for patients. This requires the implementation of effective and compassionate safety protocols, considering the virus's unknowns and the fact that some infected individuals may be asymptomatic. The issue raises ethical and legal concerns, including negligence liability for hospitals and health centers under occupational health and safety legislation. The passage emphasizes the","qid":27,"docid":"var1ftgr","rank":15,"score":8.963799476623535},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of rare ACE2 coding variants as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. The ACE2 protein, which is encoded on the X chromosome, plays a crucial role in the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to human cells. Males who carry rare ACE2 variants will express them in all ACE2-expressing cells, while females will typically express them in a mosaic distribution. The","qid":27,"docid":"05w8tv8x","rank":16,"score":8.905699729919434},{"content":"A review of studies from September 2012 to November 2018 found evidence of subclinical or asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections outside and inside healthcare settings. Seroprevalence ranges for camel workers ranged from 0% to 67%. In healthcare settings, 11 studies documented molecular evidence of MERS-CoV infection among asymptomatic contacts","qid":27,"docid":"udn2t8il","rank":17,"score":8.903400421142578},{"content":"The passage suggests that universal mask use, along with hand hygiene and social distancing, is crucial in reducing the transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals. In the context of children, it is important to prepare them for mask use and explain the reasons behind it without forcing compliance. The availability of properly fitting masks and educational efforts from parents and schools are essential for successful implementation. The new information presented includes the necessity of mask use in children when they","qid":27,"docid":"471z07ac","rank":18,"score":8.791000366210938},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 infection, estimated to be around 5% of the population, based on comorbid medical illness and age. This population, which includes individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and significant kidney or liver impairment, represents a significant number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and","qid":27,"docid":"3jwl97qb","rank":19,"score":8.786199569702148},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 infection, estimated to be around 5% of the population, based on comorbid medical illness and age. This population, which includes individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and significant kidney or liver impairment, represents a significant number of people requiring intensive care unit admission and","qid":27,"docid":"7ofa04l1","rank":20,"score":8.786198616027832},{"content":"A study used topic modeling analysis on coronavirus-related literature from the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset to identify research hotspots on COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections. Eight topics emerged: clinical characterization, pathogenesis research, therapeutics research, epidemiological study, virus transmission, vaccines research, virus diagnostics, and viral genomics. COVID-19 research focuses more on clinical characterization, epidemiological study, and virus transmission","qid":27,"docid":"3wuh6k6g","rank":21,"score":8.753399848937988},{"content":"The passage is a summary of a study that conducts a meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis to determine the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19. The study estimates the basic reproduction number to be 3.15 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.41-3.90, the average incubation time to be 5.08","qid":27,"docid":"dt0b87me","rank":22,"score":8.730199813842773},{"content":"The passage is a summary of a study that conducted a meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis to determine the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19. The study estimated the basic reproduction number to be 3.15 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.41-3.90, the average incubation time to be 5.08 days","qid":27,"docid":"fraczoxu","rank":23,"score":8.730198860168457},{"content":"A retrospective study conducted at King Abdullah University Hospital found that among 370 health care workers caring for COVID-19 patients during March 18-April 29, 2020, all were asymptomatic and tested negative for COVID-19 using real-time reverse-transcriptase rRT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. The study concluded that the prevalence of positive COVID-19 among asympt","qid":27,"docid":"hvo5smwx","rank":24,"score":8.657600402832031},{"content":"The passage is a summary of a study that conducts a meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis to determine the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19. The study estimates the basic reproduction number to be 3.15 with a 95% interval of 2.41 to 3.90, the average incubation time to be 5.08 days with a","qid":27,"docid":"1ew0p6x7","rank":25,"score":8.596500396728516},{"content":"The passage discusses COVID-19, the illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Severe cases of COVID-19 involve systemic symptoms including hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, and increased cardiac injury biomarkers. This review covers the underlying causes of COVID-19, its cardiovascular effects, and potential treatments, providing a comprehensive overview up to April 3, 2020.","qid":27,"docid":"d4h49d8b","rank":26,"score":8.419099807739258},{"content":"The passage discusses COVID-19, also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus disease. When severe, COVID-19 is a systemic illness marked by hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, and increased cardiac injury biomarkers. The article reviews the current understanding of COVID-19's pathophysiology, cardiovascular manifestations, and potential treatments, providing a comprehensive overview up to April 3, ","qid":27,"docid":"dn41mqmb","rank":27,"score":8.374199867248535},{"content":"This study used mathematical models to explore strategies for preventing or delaying local COVID-19 outbreaks in India. Assuming 50% of symptomatic individuals are identified and quarantined within three days, quarantine measures could reduce cumulative incidence by 62% in an optimistic scenario, but only 2% in a pessimistic one. Port-of-entry screening of travelers can delay virus introduction but won't prevent long-term outbreaks","qid":27,"docid":"v88f9e7m","rank":28,"score":8.339699745178223},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, affecting millions since late 2019, has uncertain effects on pregnant women and newborns. Pregnant women may have a higher risk due to higher ACE2 expression, but preliminary data does not support this. Viral carriage rates vary from 13% to 3%. Vertical transmission risks are unknown, with 3.1% of newborns testing positive within a week. No deaths","qid":27,"docid":"fllqdn4s","rank":29,"score":8.329999923706055},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil is experiencing large under-reporting of infected individuals and deaths due to limited mass testing and asymptomatic cases. An adapted SIR model is proposed to account for under-reporting and population response to public policies. Uncertainty in data can lead to misleading predictions. This paper explores the impact of uncertainty on predictions, demonstrating an anticipation of infection peaks when under-reporting infected individuals, an increase in mortality rates when under","qid":27,"docid":"8cw3bjxh","rank":30,"score":8.319899559020996},{"content":"Thirty-six children in Zhejiang, China, were identified as having COVID-19 between January 17 and March 1, 2020. Most infections were due to close contact with infected family members or exposure to epidemic areas. The majority of children had mild or moderate symptoms, including fever and dry cough, while some had abnormal lab results such as elevated creatine kinase MB, decreased lymphocytes, leucopen","qid":27,"docid":"12sakknb","rank":31,"score":8.317700386047363},{"content":"Thirty-six children in Zhejiang, China, were identified as having COVID-19 between January 17 and March 1, 2020. Most infections were due to close contact with infected family members or exposure to epidemic areas. The majority of children had mild or moderate symptoms, including fever and dry cough, while some had abnormal lab results such as elevated creatine kinase MB, decreased lymphocytes, leucopen","qid":27,"docid":"dmrtsxik","rank":32,"score":8.317699432373047},{"content":"A study was conducted at a quarantine center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to understand the natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 49 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 30 participated in the study, with 13 (43%) being asymptomatic and 17 (57%) symptomatic. Asymptomatic individuals were less likely to","qid":27,"docid":"bfe8e0wu","rank":33,"score":8.298700332641602},{"content":"A study was conducted at a quarantine center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to understand the natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 49 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 30 participated in the study, with 13 (43%) being asymptomatic and 17 (57%) symptomatic. Asymptomatic individuals were less likely to","qid":27,"docid":"js5my502","rank":34,"score":8.298699378967285},{"content":"A study was conducted at a quarantine center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to understand the natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 49 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 30 participated in the study, with 13 (43%) being asymptomatic and 17 (57%) symptomatic. Asymptomatic individuals were less likely to","qid":27,"docid":"pf2pj6mo","rank":35,"score":8.298698425292969},{"content":"A study was conducted to compare the prevalence of human coronavirus (HCoV) infections in children hospitalized for acute respiratory illness and fever with that in asymptomatic controls. HCoV was detected in 7.6% of hospitalized children and 7.1% of controls, with no significant difference in prevalence. Hospitalized children with HCoV infection alone tended to be less ill than those with other viruses, while coinfected children","qid":27,"docid":"vbye4nrj","rank":36,"score":8.295999526977539},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a major public health concern with increasing cases and mortality rates. This article summarizes essential information for orthopedic surgeons, including the virus's microbiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Additionally, measures to control the pandemic, maintain urgent duties, and protect healthcare workers are discussed.","qid":27,"docid":"9pmix2zq","rank":37,"score":8.262800216674805},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019, is a major public health concern with increasing cases and mortality rates. This article summarizes essential information for orthopedic surgeons regarding the microbiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, and diagnosis of COVID-19. Additionally, measures to control the pandemic, maintain urgent duties, and protect healthcare workers are discussed.","qid":27,"docid":"bbnbnwte","rank":38,"score":8.262799263000488},{"content":"Three individuals who contracted COVID-19 and were admitted to the COVID ward shared their experiences of mental distress due to isolation, fear of death, and stigma. Despite having mild or no symptoms, they faced internalized guilt, shame, and anger during their hospitalization.","qid":27,"docid":"6xy8bwfl","rank":39,"score":8.254300117492676},{"content":"Three individuals who contracted COVID-19 and were admitted to the COVID ward shared their experiences of mental distress due to isolation, fear of death, and stigma. Despite having mild or no symptoms, they faced internalized guilt, shame, and anger during their hospitalization.","qid":27,"docid":"ue7rd2yt","rank":40,"score":8.25429916381836},{"content":"This rapid living systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer three questions regarding the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, the proportion of asymptomatic individuals who later develop symptoms, and the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals. The review included 11 studies and estimated an upper bound for the proportion of asymptomatic infections at 29% (95%","qid":27,"docid":"c5be70t6","rank":41,"score":8.224100112915039},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak, home confinement causes unprecedented stress that can disrupt sleep, leading to increased daytime stress, anxiety, and depression. Sleep disturbance can negatively impact emotional functioning. This paper summarizes the stress-sleep link, effects of confinement on sleep, and effective insomnia treatment. Adaptations of cognitive behavioral therapy elements are suggested for those with changed work schedules, health anxiety, and childcare responsibilities, while recognizing limitations on","qid":27,"docid":"lf6t8xmm","rank":42,"score":8.221199989318848},{"content":"During the COVID-19 outbreak, home confinement causes unprecedented stress that can disrupt sleep, leading to increased daytime stress, anxiety, and depression. Sleep disturbance can negatively impact emotional functioning. This paper summarizes the stress-sleep link, effects of confinement on sleep, and effective insomnia treatment. Adaptations of cognitive behavioral therapy elements are suggested for those with changed work schedules, health anxiety, and childcare responsibilities, while recognizing limitations on","qid":27,"docid":"x1ffjbvi","rank":43,"score":8.221199035644531},{"content":"A narrative review summarizes the current state of research on COVID-19, the virus behind the global pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China. The discovery of the virus raised public health concerns due to its high transmission ability and increasing death toll. This review analyzed over 20 scientific articles using keywords like \"Coronavirus Outbreak\" and \"COVID-19\" to provide insights into the research available and recommend future studies. The results indicate that human-to-human transmission","qid":27,"docid":"fqs40ivc","rank":44,"score":8.1943998336792},{"content":"Ten asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed, all of whom had ground glass opacities (GGO) on chest CT. The GGO lesions were predominantly peripheral and posterior, combined with reticular opacity in 90% of cases. Air-bronchogram due to bronchiolectasis surrounded by GGO was observed in 80% of patients, and lung lesions were dominant on the right side in all cases.","qid":27,"docid":"4hfmst53","rank":45,"score":8.115500450134277},{"content":"A study was conducted on the first known COVID-19 outbreak in an Illinois skilled nursing facility, testing 127 residents for SARS-CoV-2 and following them for 30 days. Of the 33 residents who tested positive, 58% had symptoms, 3% developed symptoms later, and 39% remained asymptomatic. Thirty-five negative residents later developed symptoms, with 2 testing positive. The 30-day","qid":27,"docid":"ohnyc3i0","rank":46,"score":8.083499908447266},{"content":"A retrospective study compared the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of 26 asymptomatic COVID-19 infections and 26 moderate type confirmed cases at Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital in China. Asymptomatic cases had a longer treatment cycle of 16 days (interquartile range, 11-20 days) compared to 13 days (interquartile range, 10-15 days) for moderate cases","qid":27,"docid":"6vxc7wv0","rank":47,"score":8.062000274658203},{"content":"The passage discusses the various courses of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and its primary effects on the respiratory system. It also highlights emerging reports of skin lesions and vascular system issues in some COVID-19 patients, including vesicular, urticarial, maculopapular eruptions, livedo, necrosis, and vasculitis forms. The passage provides a systematic overview of these skin","qid":27,"docid":"t8pltw5x","rank":48,"score":8.016599655151367},{"content":"A global pandemic caused by the coronavirus COVID-19 began in December 2019 in China and has since spread to nearly all countries. About 2% of cases are diagnosed in children. Transmission can occur from asymptomatic or presymptomatic adults and children. Clinical features are similar to other respiratory viral infections, with rare cases of an unusual rash. Disease is generally mild in children but fatalities have been reported. The risk","qid":27,"docid":"828ubhzi","rank":49,"score":8.01039981842041},{"content":"The passage discusses how protein structures of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, specifically the spike protein, solved through cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography often lack the representation of sugar molecules or glycans on their surfaces. Researchers are now focusing on adding these missing sugars to gain a better understanding of the virus's biology and aid in the development of vaccines and treatments. Andrea Thorn, a structural","qid":27,"docid":"fayr38c7","rank":50,"score":7.9857001304626465},{"content":"The passage discusses the global spread of SARS-CoV2, also known as the 2019 Novel Coronavirus, and its cardiovascular implications. The virus, which was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has since spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The author summarizes the differences between SARS-CoV2 and previous coronaviruses, focusing on its clinical presentation and","qid":27,"docid":"ubuetsi3","rank":51,"score":7.9822998046875},{"content":"The passage summarizes the global spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, which was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The article focuses on the unique characteristics of SARS-CoV2, its clinical presentation and diagnosis, and the cardiovascular implications of the virus. The virus is capable of causing direct myocardial injury, myocard","qid":27,"docid":"zolktlsj","rank":52,"score":7.982298851013184},{"content":"A study used computer modeling to simulate the transmission of COVID-19 through respiratory aerosols in an office space. Four datasets were analyzed to determine the number and volume of droplets produced during coughing and speaking. The simulations revealed that sharing a 5x5x2.75m office space with a symptomatic COVID-19 infector for an hour resulted in the inhalation of 187.3 respiratory droplets,","qid":27,"docid":"a0oxgop2","rank":53,"score":7.978400230407715},{"content":"Two studies with over 1,700 U.S. adults found that people share false information about COVID-19 due to lack of sufficient thinking about accuracy. In Study 1, participants had difficulty distinguishing true from false content when sharing on social media, but improved with greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge. Study 2 showed that a simple accuracy reminder before the study significantly increased truth discernment in participants' sharing intentions. These findings suggest that nudging people to consider accuracy","qid":27,"docid":"abj9b0x0","rank":54,"score":7.973800182342529},{"content":"The passage presents findings from two studies conducted with over 1,700 U.S. adults regarding why people share false information about COVID-19 on social media. Study 1 revealed that participants had difficulty distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate content when deciding what to share, but greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge improved discernment. Study 2 demonstrated that a simple accuracy reminder before the study led to nearly three times more truthful sharing intentions. The results suggest that nud","qid":27,"docid":"zbkgabl2","rank":55,"score":7.973799228668213},{"content":"The passage discusses the similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the viruses responsible for SARS and COVID-19, respectively. While research on SARS has provided some insights, the understanding of COVID-19's impact on children is still limited. The review compares the two diseases and notes that COVID-19 has faster and wider transmission, higher morbidity and mortality, and affects newborns","qid":27,"docid":"b9unqnkb","rank":56,"score":7.908100128173828},{"content":"The passage discusses the similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the viruses causing SARS and COVID-19, respectively. While research on SARS has provided some insights, the understanding of COVID-19's pathophysiology is still limited. The review compares the two diseases, noting that COVID-19 has faster and wider transmission, higher morbidity and mortality, and affects newborn","qid":27,"docid":"lw935rii","rank":57,"score":7.908099174499512},{"content":"A report from a single center in Northwestern Italy details the course and management of COVID-19 in three liver transplant recipients during March-April 2020. Presentation ranged from asymptomatic to severe respiratory failure. Treatment and immunosuppression adjustments were based on disease severity. Mortality was 20%, with Covid-related deaths at 10%. Two asymptomatic patients experienced prolonged viral carriage. The","qid":27,"docid":"0nhuxl45","rank":58,"score":7.906400203704834},{"content":"A report from a single center in Northwestern Italy details the course and management of COVID-19 in three liver transplant recipients during March-April 2020. Presentation ranged from asymptomatic to severe respiratory failure. Treatment and immunosuppression adjustments were based on disease severity. Mortality was 20%, with Covid-related mortality at 10%. Two asymptomatic patients experienced prolonged viral carriage.","qid":27,"docid":"tmykgbyo","rank":59,"score":7.906399250030518},{"content":"The discovery of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 highlighted the significance of studying how coronaviruses emerge, infect, and cause disease. Researchers are comparing SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to gain insights into their similarities and differences, which could impact pathogenesis. This article discusses what is known about each virus and the remaining gaps in understanding, particularly regarding MERS","qid":27,"docid":"inxp2qb4","rank":60,"score":7.868500232696533},{"content":"The American Water Works Association (AWWA) celebrates its 139th birthday during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Water professionals are rising to the challenge by ensuring access to safe, reliable water, which is critical in halting the spread of the virus. Handwashing, a simple yet essential practice, has become a societal obsession due to its importance in personal hygiene and public health. Water utility workers and businesses are considered essential, and utilities are suspending","qid":27,"docid":"sk86rbap","rank":61,"score":7.861100196838379},{"content":"Researchers analyzed over 200,000 exomes of the ACE2 gene, revealing variations in a specific part of the gene that is expected to alter the shape or functionality of the ACE2 protein, which interacts with SARS-CoV-2. These variants may decrease the protein's ability to interact with the virus, potentially affecting vulnerability to COVID-19. The research provides insight into the role of the ACE2 gene in vir","qid":27,"docid":"p7drekee","rank":62,"score":7.859000205993652},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, causing a global spread with increasing deaths. NCIP, the infection caused by COVID-19, presents with fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. Various chest imaging features have been reported, similar to other coronavirus syndromes. This review discusses the epidemiology and imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, focusing","qid":27,"docid":"ifu4fvwh","rank":63,"score":7.852200031280518},{"content":"A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, causing a global spread with increasing deaths. NCIP, the infection caused by COVID-19, presents with fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. Various chest imaging features have been reported, similar to other coronavirus syndromes. This review discusses the epidemiology and imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, focusing","qid":27,"docid":"rvg5elrc","rank":64,"score":7.852199077606201},{"content":"A study was conducted to characterize the epidemiologic and clinical features of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in northeast Chongqing, China. Of the identified RT-PCR positive contacts of COVID-19 patients, 23% remained asymptomatic. The mean age was 39.3 years, and most had no comorbidities. Asymptomatic individuals with abnormal chest CT findings were diagnosed earlier than","qid":27,"docid":"we4kfb8u","rank":65,"score":7.848199844360352},{"content":"The passage summarizes the current understanding of the effects of coronaviruses, including COVID-19, on human reproduction. The review of literature included 79 reports and found that coronaviruses bind to cells through the S1 domain of the spike protein to receptors present in reproductive tissues, such as angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), CD26, Ezrin, and cyclophilins. SAR","qid":27,"docid":"tojgojjf","rank":66,"score":7.828700065612793},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing mutation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, and the potential implications for the transmission, duration, and severity of the disease. While the extent of adaptation is uncertain, continued analysis is essential for informing public health measures.","qid":27,"docid":"ig0rnbqb","rank":67,"score":7.822299957275391},{"content":"Title: \"Thinking about COVID-19\" - Adapting Values and Behavior in the Face of a Global Crisis\n\nThis article reflects on the impact of COVID-19 on human values and behavior, emphasizing the importance of information acquisition for everyone, not just experts. The author looks back on the SARS outbreak as a precedent and encourages a meta-perspective on understanding and communicating science and technology issues during crises. The author invites","qid":27,"docid":"55ngu8y3","rank":68,"score":7.820700168609619},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of the PPXY late domain in the Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) in producing Defective Interfering (DI) particles. DI particles are important for establishing persistent infections in rodents and mitigating virus-induced cytopathic effects. Contrary to the belief that the PPXY late domain and the endosomal sorting complex transport (ESCRT) pathway","qid":27,"docid":"m4k20i7g","rank":69,"score":7.811999797821045},{"content":"This study describes the use of point-of-care lung ultrasound in three neonates diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lung ultrasound was performed at the time of diagnosis and every 48 hours during the first week, revealing B-lines, consolidation, and spared areas. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion was observed. The authors conclude that lung ultrasound could be valuable","qid":27,"docid":"pab56xyd","rank":70,"score":7.794899940490723},{"content":"A systematic literature review identified 12 papers on the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis. The studies analyzed 119 pregnant women aged between 22 and 42 years old, with 90 children born. Most infections occurred in the third trimester, and there were no maternal deaths or confirmed vertical transmissions. Pregnant women are advised to be cautious due to potential labor complications.","qid":27,"docid":"fvzkxetl","rank":71,"score":7.79040002822876},{"content":"A retrospective study of 211 COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic or mild symptoms identified body temperature, chills, initial chest X-ray findings, and diabetes as risk factors for disease progression to severe stages. The odds of transfer to severe care were increased 12.7-fold for abnormal chest X-ray findings, 6.32-fold for chills, and 64.1-fold for diabetes. Clinicians should closely","qid":27,"docid":"2ootfjhk","rank":72,"score":7.787799835205078},{"content":"A retrospective study of 211 COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic or mild symptoms identified body temperature, chills, initial chest X-ray findings, and diabetes as risk factors for disease progression to severe stages. The odds of transfer to severe care were increased 12.7-fold for abnormal chest X-ray findings, 6.32-fold for chills, and 64.1-fold for diabetes. Clinicians should closely","qid":27,"docid":"88n6hwyo","rank":73,"score":7.787798881530762},{"content":"SARS-COV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, is spread through mucous membranes via droplets. The disease progresses through three stages: asymptomatic-paucisymptomatic incubation, nonsevere symptomatic illness, and severe respiratory illness. Severe cases can result in a \"cytokine storm,\" a hyperinflammatory response. Effective antiviral agents to prevent infection are currently","qid":27,"docid":"2skjqwis","rank":74,"score":7.767000198364258},{"content":"SARS-COV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, is spread through mucous membranes via droplets. The disease progresses through three stages: asymptomatic-paucisymptomatic incubation, non-severe symptomatic illness for most, and severe respiratory illness. Severe cases can result in a \"cytokine storm,\" a hyperinflammatory syndrome. Effective antiviral agents to prevent","qid":27,"docid":"dd836h0r","rank":75,"score":7.766999244689941},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of determining the infection fatality ratio (IFR) for COVID-19 in epidemic management, and the challenges of inferring this ratio from clinical data. The authors of a study in The Lancet Infectious Diseases used statistical modeling to estimate the IFR based on case data, but the authors of this review question the assumptions made in the study and argue that clinical data alone cannot accurately determine the IFR. They suggest that near direct measurement of epid","qid":27,"docid":"cyjfljoa","rank":76,"score":7.754000186920166},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant threat to global health with new information emerging rapidly. This review summarizes recent research on COVID-19, covering epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control. The virus shares genetic similarity with SARS and MERS. The ACE2 receptor is a key target for the virus. Smokers are at higher risk for infection and severe disease. The incubation period is around 6.","qid":27,"docid":"8n4cnfiw","rank":77,"score":7.741499900817871},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant threat to global health with new information emerging rapidly. This review summarizes recent research on COVID-19, covering epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control. The virus shares genetic similarity with SARS and MERS. The ACE2 receptor is a key target for the virus. Smokers are at higher risk for infection and severe disease. The incubation period is around 6.","qid":27,"docid":"p0fwmnn3","rank":78,"score":7.741498947143555},{"content":"A cluster of 48 out of 53 pilgrims testing positive for COVID-19 after returning from Israel to Greece was reported. Of these, 85.4% showed symptoms and 14.6% remained asymptomatic. The high infection rate was due to crowded exposure to pilgrims from various countries despite low prevalence in origin and destination countries. It's crucial to raise awareness about the risks for elderly pilgrims and those with underlying conditions.","qid":27,"docid":"qcy7bb5z","rank":79,"score":7.741099834442139},{"content":"The passage discusses the concern of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases of COVID-19 in contributing to the spread of the epidemic. The author defines and identifies these cases, distinguishing between asymptomatic infection and pre-symptomatic infection based on disease progression. Limited data is presented on their infectiousness and contributions to the overall epidemic in China. Challenges of a potential second wave caused by these cases are addressed, and control strategies","qid":27,"docid":"ghasrwqc","rank":80,"score":7.737400054931641},{"content":"Between March 13 and 27, 2020, a pair of New York City hospitals reported 43 confirmed COVID-19 cases among pregnant women. Thirteen (32.6%) of these women were asymptomatic and were identified through universal testing or developing symptoms during admission. Ten of these asymptomatic women later developed COVID-19 symptoms. Among the 30 symptomatic women, three required antenatal admission, and one presented six days","qid":27,"docid":"7q9jady4","rank":81,"score":7.735099792480469},{"content":"Between March 13 and 27, 2020, a pair of New York City hospitals reported 43 confirmed COVID-19 cases among pregnant women. Thirteen (32.6%) of these women were asymptomatic and were identified either during admission or through universal testing. Ten of these asymptomatic women later developed COVID-19 symptoms. Among the 30 symptomatic women, three required antenatal admission, and one presented six days post","qid":27,"docid":"vhtc0jvq","rank":82,"score":7.735098838806152},{"content":"The passage discusses the three stages of COVID-19 illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Most patients experience an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic first stage, followed by a nonsevere symptomatic illness. A small percentage of patients progress to a third stage marked by severe respiratory illness, multisystem dysfunction, coagulopathy, and shock, which is characterized by hypercytokinemic inflammation, known as a","qid":27,"docid":"be38b41o","rank":83,"score":7.727700233459473},{"content":"The passage discusses a study investigating the prevalence of respiratory viruses in gargle samples of asymptomatic children. Among 200 asymptomatic samples, human parechovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus 229E, and HKU1 were detected. In symptomatic children's samples, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, coron","qid":27,"docid":"8homqmux","rank":84,"score":7.716899871826172},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is concern about the safety of systemic therapies for patients with psoriasis. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF), and International Psoriasis Council (IPC) recommend that patients with active COVID-19 infections should discontinue systemic treatment for psoriasis. Patients with risk factors should discuss continuing treatment on a case-by-case basis","qid":27,"docid":"wyln1jpr","rank":85,"score":7.711100101470947},{"content":"The passage discusses the recommendations for the use of systemic therapies for psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF), and International Psoriasis Council (IPC), patients with active COVID-19 infections should discontinue systemic treatment for psoriasis. Patients with risk factors should discuss continuing treatment on a case-by-case basis","qid":27,"docid":"xp5lvnbp","rank":86,"score":7.711099147796631},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of understanding the proportion of asymptomatic infections, or asymptomatic carrier transmission, in the spread of COVID-19. Asymptomatic carriers, who never show symptoms after infection, are a significant but underestimated factor in the disease's transmission. The passage highlights the need to focus on detection, infectivity, and the proportion of healthy carriers to better understand and control the spread of the virus.","qid":27,"docid":"32jaz3vz","rank":87,"score":7.7032999992370605},{"content":"This study analyzed demographic information and disease severity in 2143 pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China. The majority were male and most were categorized as asymptomatic, mild, or moderate severity. Infants and preschool ages had the highest proportion of severe or critical disease. Only one death occurred, a 14-year-old boy. Limitations include lack of clinical characteristics and the majority of cases being suspected, not confirmed.","qid":27,"docid":"h93g5hvf","rank":88,"score":7.6956000328063965},{"content":"This review discusses the risk of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) transmission in healthcare facilities. MERS-CoV causes a range of infections, from asymptomatic to fatal, and has spread to several countries outside the Arabian Peninsula through travel. Several clusters of healthcare-associated MERS-CoV infections have occurred due to poor infection control measures, overcrowding, and late recognition of cases. The factors contributing to the","qid":27,"docid":"a7hsppj1","rank":89,"score":7.685299873352051},{"content":"This passage is about the COVID-19 pandemic, which was declared a global health crisis by the World Health Organization in early 2020. The virus can be asymptomatic, and there is ongoing debate about how to handle surgeries for patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. This study, initiated by the Turkish Surgical Association, aims to provide guidance for surgeons regarding mandatory surgeries for these patients based on available data.","qid":27,"docid":"lsse2xvw","rank":90,"score":7.6828999519348145},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of understanding the proportion of asymptomatic infections, or asymptomatic carriers, in the spread of COVID-19. Asymptomatic carriers are individuals who never show symptoms after being infected, and they are a significant yet underestimated problem in the prevention and control of the virus. The passage highlights the need to focus on the detection, infectivity, and proportion of healthy carriers to better understand the burden of the disease and its trans","qid":27,"docid":"c93j35fl","rank":91,"score":7.663700103759766},{"content":"A cross-sectional analysis of a healthcare system surveillance program in Greater Houston found that among 2,872 asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) and community residents (CRs), 3.9% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The positivity rate was higher for COVID-19 facing HCWs (5.4%) compared to non-COVID-19 facing HCWs (0.6%) and","qid":27,"docid":"cib1oivu","rank":92,"score":7.662799835205078},{"content":"A study was conducted at a hospital in the Seattle region during the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak to understand the rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic patients undergoing pre-procedural testing. From March 30 to April 13, 2020, 350 asymptomatic patients undergoing surgical or aerosolizing procedures were tested, resulting in 0.9% positivity rate. From April 1","qid":27,"docid":"9hvhru6o","rank":93,"score":7.63539981842041},{"content":"This review summarizes current knowledge about COVID-19 in children, covering epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory findings, disease course, treatment, and prognosis. Based on 44 relevant studies, COVID-19 affects 0.39-12.3% of children, with milder symptoms and a high percentage of asymptomatic cases. Elevated inflammatory markers are linked to complications and co-infections. Chest CT sc","qid":27,"docid":"8du0s33p","rank":94,"score":7.587399959564209},{"content":"A systematic review of case reports on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was conducted to summarize clinical presentation, findings, management, and outcomes. About 5% of COVID-19 patients develop ARDS, and treatment has followed standard approaches but with questions regarding adjustments due to higher mortality risk. Limited treatment options and no definitive therapies or vaccines exist. Some antimalar","qid":27,"docid":"u2gm3kyh","rank":95,"score":7.587399005889893},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of host factors, specifically genetic variations in immune response genes and HLA and KIR allotypes, in the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. A quantitative analysis of a dynamical systems model is proposed to understand the impact of these genetic variants on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The model considers both the viral growth and the subsequent innate and adaptive response required to control the infection. The spectrum of symptom","qid":27,"docid":"zc7u3g34","rank":96,"score":7.584199905395508},{"content":"During the coronavirus pandemic, organ donation involves uncertainty due to the potential risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2. Guidelines recommend testing donors for the virus and suspending donation if positive. Asymptomatic individuals who have recently been in COVID-19 affected areas are also discouraged from donating.","qid":27,"docid":"rdzeja13","rank":97,"score":7.584000110626221},{"content":"A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a Turkish tertiary hospital following the first COVID-19 death in the country. The study included 172 non-infected pregnant women over 30 weeks gestation. Majority trusted authorities and healthcare staff, complied with quarantine rules, and felt vulnerable and concerned about getting infected. Around half were unsure about breastfeeding safety and delivery mode during the outbreak, and had limited knowledge about potential pregnancy complications","qid":27,"docid":"f93porms","rank":98,"score":7.582900047302246},{"content":"A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a Turkish tertiary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic to understand the attitude, concerns, and knowledge of non-infected pregnant women towards the outbreak. Of the 213 women surveyed, 172 were included after excluding those in the first trimester, illiterate, or having translation difficulties. The majority trusted authorities and healthcare staff, complied with self-quarantine rules, and felt","qid":27,"docid":"kf7a9ccd","rank":99,"score":7.58289909362793},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of a deterministic compartmental model to assess and predict the spread of COVID-19 in West-Africa, focusing on current patterns, impact of control measures, and future projections. The model projects a 60% reduction in daily cases when the epidemic peaks with current measures, but elimination is difficult with significant asymptomatic transmission. Reducing the transmission rate by at least 53% at the baseline level of asymptomatic","qid":27,"docid":"iil8bzrm","rank":100,"score":7.579599857330322}]}
{"query":"what evidence is there for the value of hydroxychloroquine in treating Covid-19?","hits":[{"content":"A study by Gautret et al. suggested that hydroxychloroquine monotherapy and hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin could reduce viral load in COVID-19 patients. However, the study has major methodological issues, including design, outcome measure, and statistical analyses. This paper discusses the background, clinical evidence, pharmacology, and methodological issues related to the trial. Despite the urgency to find antiv","qid":28,"docid":"wnb4cltt","rank":1,"score":11.387100219726562},{"content":"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, is proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 and has been approved for prophylaxis in India for health workers and contacts of confirmed cases. The FDA has authorized its use for treatment in adolescents and adults in the US. This review examines the evidence for and against HCQ's use as a preventative or treatment for COVID-19, focusing on the Indian context","qid":28,"docid":"9eo0leey","rank":2,"score":11.153599739074707},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the arrhythmogenic effects of short-term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19. The search resulted in 41 studies with data from 1515 patients, revealing that approximately 10% of COVID-19 patients developed QT prolongation. Two cases of ventricular arrhythmia were identified in a group of 28 patients treated with high","qid":28,"docid":"e1otbzt3","rank":3,"score":10.9197998046875},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the arrhythmogenic effects of short-term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are widely used to treat COVID-19 but prolong the QT interval and increase the risk of torsades de pointes and sudden death. The search yielded 14 studies with data from 1515 COVID-19 patients, of whom approximately 10% developed QT prolongation. Two","qid":28,"docid":"sm0112e3","rank":4,"score":10.919798851013184},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for treating Covid-19 despite a lack of solid evidence for their safety and efficacy. Ethical questions arise regarding the obligation to treat patients with proven indications, the necessity of randomized controlled trials, and the government's right to decide treatment for all Covid-19 patients. Physicians face a dilemma between following guidelines and their own convictions","qid":28,"docid":"rffp6qe2","rank":5,"score":10.345399856567383},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is spreading globally, and there is an urgent need for effective treatments or vaccines. This review discusses potential therapeutic agents currently being investigated, including lopinavir\/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon, ribavirin, tociliz","qid":28,"docid":"eitnkdi9","rank":6,"score":9.86870002746582},{"content":"Former FDA leaders criticized the emergency use authorization (EUA) of malaria drugs chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment due to insufficient evidence of efficacy. The EUA, they argued, undermines FDA's scientific authority and jeopardizes ongoing research. Doctors could prescribe these drugs off-label for COVID-19 patients since they are approved for malaria. However","qid":28,"docid":"bnq02x8q","rank":7,"score":9.868399620056152},{"content":"A rapid review of three studies on the effectiveness and safety of azithromycin for treating COVID-19 was conducted. Two in vitro studies showed conflicting results, with one suggesting azithromycin's anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity when used alone, and the other only observing activity when combined with hydroxychloroquine. A small in vivo trial of 36 patients with high risk of bias found superior viral clear","qid":28,"docid":"1n6d1gco","rank":8,"score":9.573200225830078},{"content":"Azithromycin, an immunomodulating and antiviral drug, is proposed as a potential treatment for severe cases of COVID-19 due to its ability to reduce inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. In vitro studies and clinical evidence support its use in acute respiratory distress syndrome and against Middle East Respiratory syndrome. Preliminary results suggest controversial efficacy when used in combination with hydroxychloroquine","qid":28,"docid":"79fury6c","rank":9,"score":9.504899978637695},{"content":"Azithromycin, an immunomodulating and antiviral macrolide, is proposed as a potential treatment for COVID-19 due to its ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and modulate T-helper functions. In vitro studies and clinical evidence support its use in acute respiratory distress syndrome and against MERS. Preliminary results suggest controversial efficacy when used in combination with hydroxych","qid":28,"docid":"k50qvr4w","rank":10,"score":9.504899024963379},{"content":"The passage highlights the overall low methodological quality of COVID-19 research, using hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin studies as an example. The flawed methodology and sub-optimal reporting could lead to biased estimates of effect, potentially harming patients with ineffective or harmful treatment decisions. Researchers must focus on improving methodology and reporting, including considering harms to patients, to increase confidence in research findings.","qid":28,"docid":"safr9z37","rank":11,"score":9.466500282287598},{"content":"A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the evidence on the role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19. The review included 19 publications, all of which mentioned the potential of these drugs in limiting infection with SARS-CoV-2. Theoretical, experimental, preclinical, and clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of chloroquine in COVID-19 patients. The long-term safety","qid":28,"docid":"0lk8eujq","rank":12,"score":9.425100326538086},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19, as no specific drugs have been established for the virus yet. The evidence from completed clinical studies suggests the possibility of these drugs being effective, but more randomized control studies are needed to determine their feasibility.","qid":28,"docid":"n3cg3w9v","rank":13,"score":9.407600402832031},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19, as no specific drugs have been established for the virus yet. The evidence from completed clinical studies suggests the possibility of these drugs being effective, but more randomized control studies are needed to determine their feasibility.","qid":28,"docid":"px2o98cv","rank":14,"score":9.407599449157715},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, anti-malarial drugs, in treating COVID-19, the disease caused by Sars-Cov-2 infection. While some improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of these drugs is yet to be proven through randomized controlled studies. The mechanisms of action of these drugs as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory","qid":28,"docid":"l6l24pco","rank":15,"score":9.131600379943848},{"content":"A retrospective observational study compared hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients who received hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin with and without zinc sulfate. The addition of zinc sulfate did not affect length of hospitalization, duration of ventilation, or ICU duration. However, it increased the frequency of patients being discharged home and decreased the need for ventilation, ICU admission, and mortality or hospice transfer for","qid":28,"docid":"4pcv1i3i","rank":16,"score":9.079400062561035},{"content":"A study of 26 patients with COVID-19 who received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment led to increased demand for the drug and guidelines for its use, despite the study's low quality. This review explores the potential reasons for HCQ's interest in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection and assesses the current clinical evidence for its use.","qid":28,"docid":"hjl6vdwy","rank":17,"score":9.070300102233887},{"content":"A study of 26 patients with COVID-19 who received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment led to increased demand for the drug, despite the study's low quality. Several countries' medicines agencies issued guidelines for HCQ use in COVID-19 treatment due to its potential mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the current clinical evidence for HCQ's effectiveness in treating COVID-19 is lacking.","qid":28,"docid":"v5qhqn9o","rank":18,"score":9.07029914855957},{"content":"A study using Syrian hamsters as a model for SARS-CoV-2 infection found that favipiravir had a mild effect on reducing viral RNA and infectious virus, while hydroxychloroquine had no effect. Micro-CT scan analysis and histopathology showed no improvement in treated animals, and both compounds failed as prophylactic treatments. The data from this study, along with previous in vivo data in macaques and","qid":28,"docid":"aexlwq79","rank":19,"score":8.987299919128418},{"content":"The passage discusses the current lack of approved treatments for COVID-19 and the significant use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data. However, there is no high-quality clinical evidence showing a clear benefit of these agents for COVID-19, and they have the potential to cause harm, including cardiac side effects and immunologic consequences that","qid":28,"docid":"75vvix5o","rank":20,"score":8.874699592590332},{"content":"The passage discusses the current lack of approved treatments for COVID-19 and the widespread use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) based on early anecdotal reports and limited in vitro data. However, there is no high-quality clinical evidence showing a clear benefit of these agents for COVID-19, and they have the potential to cause harm, including cardiac side effects and immunologic consequences that","qid":28,"docid":"87uhx3pt","rank":21,"score":8.874698638916016},{"content":"A study of 48 patients with moderate COVID-19 was conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Patients were randomized to receive chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, or a control treatment. Adverse events were mild but more common in the chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine groups. The chloroquine group had a shorter time to clinical recovery","qid":28,"docid":"t1vom8f3","rank":22,"score":8.830599784851074},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of translating in vitro (lab) antiviral activity of hydroxychloroquine to the in vivo (living organism) setting to determine effective dosing regimens. The EC50\/EC90 values (concentrations required to inhibit 50% and 90% of viral activity, respectively) from in vitro studies should be compared to the in vivo free extracellular","qid":28,"docid":"rd766a4w","rank":23,"score":8.800600051879883},{"content":"This passage discusses a study investigating the potential efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19. The study reviewed various studies and consensus reports on the antiviral activities of these drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Nine published articles were identified, including three clinical trials, three in vitro studies, and three expert consensus reports, all suggesting the drugs' effectiveness in treating COVID-19 infections.","qid":28,"docid":"fgxbyb7l","rank":24,"score":8.749199867248535},{"content":"This passage discusses a study investigating the potential efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19. The study reviewed various studies and consensus reports on the antiviral activities of these drugs against COVID-19. The findings suggested that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19 infections. The study also noted that COVID-19 infections are less prevalent in","qid":28,"docid":"hf5b7gxf","rank":25,"score":8.749198913574219},{"content":"An observational study was conducted to examine the association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death in hospitalized Covid-19 patients at a large medical center in New York City. Of the 1446 patients, 70 were excluded due to intubation, death, or discharge within 24 hours after presentation. Of the remaining 1376 patients, 58.9% received hydroxychloroquine","qid":28,"docid":"1na13h2u","rank":26,"score":8.697500228881836},{"content":"An observational study was conducted to examine the association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death in hospitalized Covid-19 patients at a large medical center in New York City. Of the 1446 patients, 70 were excluded due to intubation, death, or discharge within 24 hours after presentation. Of the remaining 1376 patients, 58.9% received hydroxychloroquine","qid":28,"docid":"pzqmg22v","rank":27,"score":8.69749927520752},{"content":"The study investigated the effect of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on QTc interval duration in COVID-19 patients. One hundred twenty-six patients were assessed, with twenty-two meeting the inclusion criteria. After therapy, QTc intervals were longer (450 ms vs 426 ms, p = .02). Four patients with QTc \u2265 480 ms had higher levels of aspartate amin","qid":28,"docid":"ibhftsn5","rank":28,"score":8.635700225830078},{"content":"The study investigated the effect of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on QTc interval duration in COVID-19 patients. One hundred twenty-six patients were included, and twenty-two met the criteria. After therapy, QTc intervals were longer (450 ms vs 426 ms, p = .02). Four patients with QTc > 480 ms had higher levels of aspartate aminotrans","qid":28,"docid":"o6kx1264","rank":29,"score":8.635699272155762},{"content":"This systematic review summarizes evidence from studies on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for the treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19. The studies were selected from various databases up to May 2020. Four randomized controlled trials, 10 cohort studies, and 9 case series assessed treatment effects, but none evaluated prophylaxis. The evidence on the effect of hydroxychloroqu","qid":28,"docid":"fanupn22","rank":30,"score":8.605199813842773},{"content":"This systematic review summarizes evidence from studies on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for the treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19. The studies were selected from various databases up to May 8, 2020. Four randomized controlled trials, 10 cohort studies, and 9 case series assessed treatment effects, but none evaluated prophylaxis. The evidence on the effect of hydroxych","qid":28,"docid":"fs8r5ze0","rank":31,"score":8.605198860168457},{"content":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, long-used for malaria and rheumatoid arthritis, have been used anecdotally in the current COVID-19 pandemic due to their availability and previous success in treating SARS. The drugs are widely used in India. Pre-clinical evidence and eight clinical trials are discussed, with caution for cardiac toxicity. Current data does not recommend for or against their use, and","qid":28,"docid":"b6aeu1ph","rank":32,"score":8.576199531555176},{"content":"An open-label clinical trial conducted by Gautret et al. (2020) suggested that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as monotherapy and in combination with azithromycin (HCQ-AZ) may improve resolution of viremia in COVID-19 patients. However, the analysis did not provide effect size estimates. Modern analytical methods, such as survival models, showed modest to no impact of HCQ treatment and more","qid":28,"docid":"azvbl4ie","rank":33,"score":8.575900077819824},{"content":"The passage discusses the current state of research on using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19. The WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020 and there are no proven effective treatments or vaccines yet. There is limited in vitro evidence of the drugs' effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and two small clinical trials have conflicting results with methodological limitations. No long-term follow","qid":28,"docid":"86h5ptxm","rank":34,"score":8.53499984741211},{"content":"Patients with COVID-19 face increased mortality and morbidity, with current management focusing on supportive care. Septic shock patients may require antibiotics, vasopressors, and oxygen supplementation. Corticosteroids should be avoided unless necessary. There is no proven efficacy of hydroxychloroquine\/chloroquine, remdesivir, or antivirals for COVID-19 treatment or prevention. Convalescent plasma","qid":28,"docid":"6bdzut3d","rank":35,"score":8.48009967803955},{"content":"A systematic review of 19 studies on the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients found that 75% of observational studies and all clinical trials showed no significant difference in disease resolution. However, 82% of observational studies and all clinical trials reported a higher probability of adverse events, particularly cardiac side-effects such as QTc prolongation, ventricular tachycardia","qid":28,"docid":"srr2n28u","rank":36,"score":8.461899757385254},{"content":"A study by Gautret et al. on the use of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for COVID-19 treatment showed promising results, but the evidence was deemed insufficiently robust for widespread use due to limitations such as small sample size, lack of blinding, and inconsistencies between the study protocol and article. Despite these limitations, the study's findings are consistent with available evidence from China and South Korea and could have led to faster","qid":28,"docid":"gg706q8s","rank":37,"score":8.461898803710938},{"content":"A systematic review of six studies on the effectiveness of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 was conducted, focusing on outcomes such as extubation or patient recovery. Four studies were of good or fair quality, reporting improved lung function, viral clearance, and hospital discharge. However, strong evidence for the use of these drugs is lacking due to bias in fast track trials and insufficient data. Combination use with other medications may be","qid":28,"docid":"w1au4pyl","rank":38,"score":8.461897850036621},{"content":"A retrospective study compared the effectiveness of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients in South Korea. The study included 65 patients, with 31 receiving lopinavir-ritonavir and 34 receiving hydroxychloroquine. Patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir had a significantly shorter time to negative conversion of vir","qid":28,"docid":"lvc78cue","rank":39,"score":8.40530014038086},{"content":"A retrospective study compared the effectiveness of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients in South Korea. The study included 65 patients, with 31 receiving lopinavir-ritonavir and 34 receiving hydroxychloroquine. Lopinavir-ritonavir led to faster viral RNA conversion (median 21","qid":28,"docid":"qoinntar","rank":40,"score":8.405299186706543},{"content":"A systematic review of six observational studies found no significant difference in mortality between COVID-19 patients receiving hydroxychloroquine as an add-on to standard care and those receiving standard care alone [1.25 (95% CI: 0.65, 2.38); I2 = 80%]. However, the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin together was associated with a significantly higher","qid":28,"docid":"wuv1kafa","rank":41,"score":8.390700340270996},{"content":"A study was conducted on 98 COVID-19 positive or suspected patients who received hydroxychloroquine and\/or azithromycin between February 1st and April 4th, 2020. The researchers evaluated QT interval prolongation using 12-lead ECGs. Of the 314 patients who received the drugs, 12% experienced critical QTc prolongation. Men had a greater increase in Q","qid":28,"docid":"jtpmw9kb","rank":42,"score":8.322600364685059},{"content":"Two COVID-19 patients experienced serious adverse events after being treated with hydroxychloroquine, despite limited observational evidence for its effectiveness against the virus. Recent studies have shown no benefits to using hydroxychloroquine and have raised concerns about its potential risks.","qid":28,"docid":"q1akwoo1","rank":43,"score":8.305500030517578},{"content":"A systematic review of six observational studies found no significant difference in mortality between COVID-19 patients given hydroxychloroquine as an add-on to standard care and those given standard care alone [1.25 (95% CI: 0.65, 2.38); I(2) = 80%]. The trend held true for studies with moderate risk of bias [0.95 (95% CI:","qid":28,"docid":"uljaj8gd","rank":44,"score":8.298299789428711},{"content":"A retrospective analysis of data from patients hospitalized with Covid-19 in the US Veterans Health Administration found no evidence that use of hydroxychloroquine, either with or without azithromycin, reduced the risk of mechanical ventilation. However, an increased overall mortality was identified in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone. The study emphasizes the importance of awaiting the results of ongoing clinical trials before widespread adoption of these drugs.","qid":28,"docid":"zoipx650","rank":45,"score":8.274200439453125},{"content":"A study of 98 COVID-19 positive or suspected patients who received hydroxychloroquine and\/or azithromycin found that 12% experienced critical QT interval prolongation. Men were more likely to experience significant QT interval increases than women. The combination of both drugs caused greater QT interval prolongation than either drug alone, but no cases of torsades de pointes were reported. The authors caution that the potential risks of these drugs should","qid":28,"docid":"emb5bl9f","rank":46,"score":8.170299530029297},{"content":"A case series study of 490 COVID-19 positive or suspected patients admitted between February 1st and April 4th, 2020, found that 314 (64%) received hydroxychloroquine and\/or azithromycin. Of these, 98 met study criteria, with a mean age of 62 years and 61% being male. The mean QTc interval increased from 44","qid":28,"docid":"6qz40fnv","rank":47,"score":8.136500358581543},{"content":"A 27-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis intentionally overdosed on hydroxychloroquine and presented to the emergency department with proximal muscle weakness, cardiac conduction abnormalities (QRS complex of 134 ms and QTc of 710 ms), and seizure activity. He was treated with early intubation and intravenous diazepam boluses due","qid":28,"docid":"lv3up9d9","rank":48,"score":8.118499755859375},{"content":"A model-based approach was used to explore the impact of different hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosing regimens for COVID-19 patients based on population pharmacokinetic data. The results showed variability in clinical responses to fixed doses and identified confounding factors for dose recommendation. For most patients, higher doses than commonly used may not be necessary. Limited adverse reactions have been reported, but are often confounded by co-med","qid":28,"docid":"ddqxzcnt","rank":49,"score":8.102499961853027},{"content":"A model-based approach was used to explore the impact of different hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosing regimens for COVID-19 patients based on population pharmacokinetic data. The study found that for most patients, higher doses than 800mg on day one and 600mg daily thereafter may not be necessary for cure. Limited adverse reactions have been reported, but confounding factors should be considered. The study","qid":28,"docid":"nnoswa5j","rank":50,"score":8.102499008178711},{"content":"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has gained attention as a potential treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its antiviral properties against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It may prevent virus attachment and inhibit replication. Preliminary studies from China and France showed positive results, but larger studies with crit","qid":28,"docid":"5jafu8tw","rank":51,"score":8.025500297546387},{"content":"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has gained attention as a potential treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its antiviral properties against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It may prevent virus attachment and inhibit replication. Preliminary studies from China and France showed benefits, but larger studies with critically","qid":28,"docid":"an28gfe4","rank":52,"score":8.02549934387207},{"content":"A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 49 studies with 20,212 confounder-adjusted patients evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of various pharmacological interventions for COVID-19. Tocilizumab, anakinra, and remdesivir reduced the risk of severe pneumonia or ICU admission and mortality in hospitalized patients. High-dose IVIG reduced mortality, while cortic","qid":28,"docid":"9hdft1tc","rank":53,"score":8.018099784851074},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of understanding investigational medications for COVID-19, focusing on drugs currently undergoing repurposing trials. The authors share their experience from the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea to optimize the safe use of medications such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir with zinc supplement, remdesivir, tocilizumab, ciclesonide","qid":28,"docid":"4wly1s1p","rank":54,"score":8.00160026550293},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of investigational medications for COVID-19 and provides comments on various drugs undergoing clinical trials based on experience from the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea. The medications covered include hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir with zinc supplement, remdesivir, tocilizumab, ciclesonide, niclosamide, and high-d","qid":28,"docid":"7v4v7owe","rank":55,"score":8.001599311828613},{"content":"The ICMR's National Task Force recommended using hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19 asymptomatic healthcare workers and contacts, but its efficacy is uncertain due to limited evidence from open label trials and cell culture studies. Hydroxychloroquine has contraindications and should be used cautiously in vulnerable populations. The WHO and FDA have not recommended any medication for Covid-19 treatment. Further evidence is needed before administering hydro","qid":28,"docid":"98zpr960","rank":56,"score":7.927199840545654},{"content":"The ICMR's National Task Force recommended using hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19 asymptomatic healthcare workers and contacts, but its efficacy is uncertain due to limited evidence from open label trials and cell culture studies. Hydroxychloroquine has contraindications and should be used cautiously in vulnerable populations. There's a rush to procure and self-medicate with hydroxychloroquine, but the WHO","qid":28,"docid":"opbozg55","rank":57,"score":7.927198886871338},{"content":"A systematic review of studies on hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine use in hospitalized COVID-19 patients identified three studies reporting potential treatment benefits, including improved virologic outcomes and cough symptoms, but also three studies reporting potential harm, such as increased mortality and need for respiratory support. Eight studies could not detect improvements in virologic outcomes or pneumonia\/ICU transfer\/death. The quality of one clinical trial and six observational","qid":28,"docid":"2txzi7kb","rank":58,"score":7.908699989318848},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effect of hydroxychloroquine on mortality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The initial search yielded 112 articles, which were reduced to 15 studies with 15,081 patients. Hydroxychloroquine was not significantly associated with mortality risk in hospitalized patients, nor in combination with azithromycin. However, a significant decreased","qid":28,"docid":"tsmqssjm","rank":59,"score":7.8744001388549805},{"content":"The passage discusses the media and political attention on using antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19. However, these drugs have significant human toxicity and narrow therapeutic windows. They can cause myocardial depression, hypotension, bradycardia, ventricular escape rhythms, QRS widening, atrioventricular heart block, QT interval prolongation, seizures","qid":28,"docid":"igrmfj0j","rank":60,"score":7.859799861907959},{"content":"The passage discusses a study analyzing the outcomes of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States using electronic medical records (EMR). The FDA issued an emergency use authorization for HCQ based on limited data, and the study aimed to provide real-world evidence of its benefits while accounting for demographic and comorbidity variables. However, the study of a propensity-matched cohort of","qid":28,"docid":"ax4aw25i","rank":61,"score":7.852499961853027},{"content":"This descriptive observational study analyzed the treatment response of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in 30 COVID-19 patients from a single center in Wuhan, China. The study found that IL-6 levels, a risk factor in severe patients, were reduced to normal levels after HCQ treatment. Additionally, patients who received HCQ early in their hospitalization recovered faster than those who received it later or as a second-line treatment, resulting in","qid":28,"docid":"hd5yvs5x","rank":62,"score":7.84250020980835},{"content":"A study conducted during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States surveyed 530 patients with rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, about their experiences. Eleven participants attempted to get tested for COVID-19, but only three were successful, and all results were negative. Nearly half of the participants reported changes to their care, and qualitative analysis revealed themes of emotional responses to the pandemic","qid":28,"docid":"bto6hssq","rank":63,"score":7.813700199127197},{"content":"A study conducted during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States surveyed 530 patients with rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, about their experiences. Eleven participants attempted to get tested for COVID-19, but only three were successful, and all results were negative. Nearly half of the participants reported changes to their care, and qualitative analysis revealed themes of emotional responses to the pandemic","qid":28,"docid":"s623p0n6","rank":64,"score":7.813699245452881},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rush to discover effective interventions, with antiretrovirals being proposed as a potential strategy for prevention and treatment despite limited evidence and potential risks. This opinion piece summarizes the current state of research on using antiretrovirals, specifically hydroxychloroquine, for COVID-19 and highlights the dangers of using unproven therapies.","qid":28,"docid":"2vik7mwl","rank":65,"score":7.729700088500977},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rush to discover effective interventions, with antiretrovirals being proposed as a potential strategy for prevention and treatment despite limited evidence and potential risks. The piece summarizes the evidence for using antiretrovirals, specifically hydroxychloroquine, in treating COVID-19 and highlights the dangers of using unproven therapies.","qid":28,"docid":"9kuhu76i","rank":66,"score":7.72969913482666},{"content":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, used as experimental treatments for COVID-19, have potential neuropsychiatric side effects and interactions with psychiatric medications. They may inhibit CYP2D6 metabolism, altering levels of certain psychiatric medications. Both drugs can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of heart problems when used with other QT prolonging agents. Neuropsychiatric side effects, such as psychosis, are","qid":28,"docid":"x2be5qbi","rank":67,"score":7.722599983215332},{"content":"A computational analysis identified six FDA\/EMA-approved drugs, including pimozide, ebastine, and bepridil, that inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(Pro)) with IC(50) values below 100 \u03bcM. These basic small molecules may raise endosomal pH to hinder viral entry into human cells, similar to hydroxychloroquine","qid":28,"docid":"fyd6coe7","rank":68,"score":7.711100101470947},{"content":"Objective: Determine the impact of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 patient outcomes through a living systematic review.\n\nDesign: Search for relevant studies in PubMed\/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, trial registries, grey literature, and L-OVE. Covering the period until submission to a journal.\n\nEligibility: Include randomized controlled trials of","qid":28,"docid":"fckn8ld4","rank":69,"score":7.6504998207092285},{"content":"A retrospective study compared the incidence of COVID-19 in Spanish patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases taking hydroxychloroquine to those not taking it. Over a seven-week period, five cases of COVID-19 were identified in each group (1.7% and 1.2% respectively), with no significant difference (p=0.523). One confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in each group (0","qid":28,"docid":"9whgh5b3","rank":70,"score":7.616600036621094},{"content":"A systematic review of 32 studies on the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment or prophylaxis in adults identified six randomized controlled trials and 26 nonrandomized studies with 29,192 participants. Two randomized trials had low risk of bias, while two had some concerns and two had high risk. Among nonrandomized studies with comparators, nine had high risk and five moderate risk","qid":28,"docid":"w1785lap","rank":71,"score":7.589000225067139},{"content":"A multicentre, open label, randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care compared to standard of care alone in adults with COVID-19. The study included 150 patients with mild to moderate disease and two with severe disease. The probability of negative conversion by 28 days was similar in both groups (81.3% in standard of care vs. 85.4%","qid":28,"docid":"3jnhboif","rank":72,"score":7.573599815368652},{"content":"A multicentre, open label, randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care compared to standard of care alone in adults with COVID-19. The study included 150 patients with mild to moderate disease and two with severe disease. The probability of negative conversion by 28 days was similar in both groups (81.3% in standard of care vs. 85.4%","qid":28,"docid":"y32zotrr","rank":73,"score":7.573598861694336},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a French university hospital on hospitalized adults with mild to severe Covid-19 who received hydroxychloroquine or standard of care. After controlling for confounders, no significant reduction in the risk of unfavorable outcomes was observed with hydroxychloroquine use. Overall survival was also similar between the two groups. The study suggests that hydroxychloroquine may not be effective in reducing unfavor","qid":28,"docid":"fbnge94q","rank":74,"score":7.538000106811523},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a French university hospital on hospitalized adults with mild to severe Covid-19 who received hydroxychloroquine or standard of care. After controlling for confounders, no significant reduction in the risk of unfavorable outcomes was observed with hydroxychloroquine use. Overall survival was also not significantly different between the two groups. The study suggests that hydroxychloroquine may not be effective in treating","qid":28,"docid":"k9aorukq","rank":75,"score":7.537999153137207},{"content":"A study using pharmacovigilance data from the WHO database investigated the potential drug-drug interaction between hydroxychloroquine and metformin based on an experimental study suggesting increased toxicity in mice. The study identified 10,771 Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) involving hydroxychloroquine, of which 52 were fatal outcomes. The association of hydroxychloroquine and metformin had","qid":28,"docid":"y0eb7nc0","rank":76,"score":7.514200210571289},{"content":"A study using pharmacovigilance data from the WHO database investigated the potential drug-drug interaction between hydroxychloroquine and metformin based on an experimental study suggesting increased toxicity in mice. The study identified 10,771 Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) involving hydroxychloroquine, of which 52 were fatal outcomes. The association of hydroxychloroquine and metformin was","qid":28,"docid":"y6peq9fh","rank":77,"score":7.514199256896973},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with or without azithromycin (AZ) on COVID-19 patient outcomes. Out of 1463 citations, five RCTs and 14 cohort studies were included, involving 20,263 hospitalized patients with varying disease severity. Thirteen studies","qid":28,"docid":"o013tpxz","rank":78,"score":7.512199878692627},{"content":"An outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, leading to over 3.67 million confirmed cases and 254,000 deaths as of May 7, 2020. Asymptomatic carriers and a long incubation period with high infectivity make controlling the spread of the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 urgent. Repurposing approved drugs, such as disease-mod","qid":28,"docid":"mbv45kei","rank":79,"score":7.501699924468994},{"content":"A study was conducted on 57 COVID-19 patients to examine the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine, finding that different dosage regimens result in low exposure levels that cannot be predicted based on previous populations.","qid":28,"docid":"mmlqe2pl","rank":80,"score":7.498799800872803},{"content":"A systematic review of the evidence on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 was conducted by searching various databases and pre-print repositories. Of the 71 articles and 88 clinical trials analyzed, three in-vitro studies suggest HCQ inhibits SARS-CoV-2, but human studies show inadequate and low-level evidence. The lack of safety and efficacy data warrants caution","qid":28,"docid":"0u4ar3b5","rank":81,"score":7.493000030517578},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic lacks specific treatments or preventatives, leading to the consideration of repurposing antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. These drugs have anti-inflammatory properties and have been used to treat rheumatic diseases. While they exhibit antiviral activity in lab settings, their effectiveness in vivo is uncertain. Animal studies with other viruses suggest a potential","qid":28,"docid":"86vzsrym","rank":82,"score":7.481299877166748},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic lacks specific treatments or preventatives, leading to the consideration of repurposing antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. These drugs have anti-inflammatory properties and have been used to treat rheumatic diseases. While they exhibit antiviral activity in cell cultures, their effectiveness in vivo is uncertain. Animal studies with other viruses suggest a potential","qid":28,"docid":"j9vmsfjw","rank":83,"score":7.481298923492432},{"content":"The passage discusses the debate over using hydroxychloroquine, a drug used for autoimmune diseases, to treat severe COVID-19 cases with pneumonia. The authors propose considering this treatment based on existing data and Greece's ability to afford potent antiviral treatments. They suggest several considerations for using chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 pneumonia in Greece.","qid":28,"docid":"vvexfg1c","rank":84,"score":7.452899932861328},{"content":"The authors of a recent study reported a case of severe hemolysis in a COVID-19 patient treated with hydroxychloroquine. While they suggested that COVID-19 may have initiated the hemolysis, they also cautioned against using hydroxychloroquine in G6PD-deficient patients due to potential worsening of the condition. This article prompted a response from other researchers, who questioned the attribution of accentuated hemolysis to","qid":28,"docid":"b6klfi6i","rank":85,"score":7.452000141143799},{"content":"The authors of a recent study reported a case of severe hemolysis in a COVID-19 patient treated with hydroxychloroquine, suggesting that both the infection and the medication may have contributed to the hemolysis. However, the authors of this commentary question the role of hydroxychloroquine in worsening the hemolysis and express caution against its use in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD","qid":28,"docid":"cl9l0sed","rank":86,"score":7.451999187469482},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between COVID-19 death rates and the use of antimalarial drugs, specifically chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, as treatments. The analysis compares death rate dynamics in countries using these drugs versus those not using them during the initial stages of the pandemic. The results suggest that countries using antimalarial drugs experienced much slower death rate increases than those not using them during the first 13 days. However, the study","qid":28,"docid":"fbm3zoe2","rank":87,"score":7.44980001449585},{"content":"A prospective study was conducted in Cameroon to determine the electrocardiographic changes in ambulatory COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin. Fifty-one patients with mild forms of COVID-19 were enrolled and treated according to the national standard. The primary outcome measure was the change in QTc interval between day 0, day 3, and day 7. Secondary outcomes included changes in all","qid":28,"docid":"jungqwi9","rank":88,"score":7.447000026702881},{"content":"Title: Effect of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 prevention in cancer patients: a summary of a phase 2-3 randomized controlled trial protocol\n\nObjectives:\n- Investigate the effect of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 prevention in cancer patients undergoing treatment.\n\nDesign:\n- Multi-centre, two-arm, parallel-group, triple-blind, phase 2-3 randomized controlled trial","qid":28,"docid":"dge5v6gj","rank":89,"score":7.430600166320801},{"content":"Title: Effect of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 prevention in cancer patients: a summary of a phase 2-3 randomized controlled trial protocol\n\nObjectives:\n- Investigate the effect of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 prevention in cancer patients undergoing treatment.\n\nDesign:\n- Multi-centre, two-arm, parallel-group, triple-blind, phase 2-3 randomized controlled trial","qid":28,"docid":"eikz07zz","rank":90,"score":7.430599212646484},{"content":"A retrospective study of 568 critically ill COVID-19 patients in Wuhan's Tongji Hospital found that those who received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) had a lower mortality rate (18.8%) compared to those who did not receive HCQ (45.8%). The HCQ group also had a shorter hospital stay and lower levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 at the","qid":28,"docid":"2u5zxc2i","rank":91,"score":7.426199913024902},{"content":"Twenty-five cancer patients with COVID-19 infection were treated at Piacenza's general hospital in Italy from February 21 to March 18, 2020. Nineteen out of twenty received antiviral therapy and hydroxychloroquine, while five received hydroxychloroquine alone. Nine cancer patients (36%) died, while sixteen (64%) recovered. The mortality rate for noncancer patients was","qid":28,"docid":"2zq3ej38","rank":92,"score":7.424900054931641},{"content":"The passage reports on the experiences of 25 cancer patients infected with COVID-19 at Piacenza's general hospital in Italy. Of these patients, 80% received antiviral therapy and hydroxychloroquine, while 20% received hydroxychloroquine alone. Nine (36%) cancer patients died, while 16 (64%) recovered. The mortality rate for noncancer patients was 16.","qid":28,"docid":"vovj72ep","rank":93,"score":7.424899101257324},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19. Five trials involving 677 patients were included, showing benefits in positive-to-negative conversion and reduction in progression rate with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, but without statistical significance. The combination therapy had synergistic effects, but hydroxychloroquine alone was associated with increased mortality","qid":28,"docid":"2f6nj4to","rank":94,"score":7.39739990234375},{"content":"The passage discusses the low methodological quality of COVID-19 coronavirus research, specifically in relation to studies on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin. The authors conducted a search of relevant studies using electronic databases and preprint repositories and found six studies, three of which were randomized controlled trials and three observational studies. They critically appraised the evidence and concluded that the methodology and reporting in","qid":28,"docid":"5w1q57v2","rank":95,"score":7.393599987030029},{"content":"The passage discusses the proposed use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as treatments for COVID-19 based on their in vitro activity against certain coronaviruses. However, early clinical studies have not shown any efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19 due to methodological weaknesses. The media interest in these preliminary studies has led to widespread use of the drugs, which poses risks to patients and","qid":28,"docid":"gjmvw8l2","rank":96,"score":7.376399993896484},{"content":"The passage discusses the proposed use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as treatments for COVID-19 based on their in vitro activity against certain coronaviruses. However, early clinical studies have not shown any efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19 due to methodological weaknesses. The media interest in these preliminary studies has led to widespread use of the drugs, which poses risks to patients and","qid":28,"docid":"pdvqdgsw","rank":97,"score":7.376399040222168},{"content":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are used to treat COVID-19, but safety information for their use in this population is limited. Particularly, cardiologic, gastro-intestinal, and neuropsychiatric side-effects of hydroxychloroquine require close monitoring in COVID-19 patients.","qid":28,"docid":"b5fel2d3","rank":98,"score":7.3678998947143555},{"content":"This descriptive study reports on 130 Italian children with confirmed COVID-19, revealing that about half had a family member with the virus and over a quarter had comorbidities, most commonly respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular conditions. The majority (75.4%) had asymptomatic or mild disease, but over half were hospitalized, with 11.5% requiring respiratory support and 6.9% treated in","qid":28,"docid":"u7arfoym","rank":99,"score":7.3643999099731445},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the relationship between plasma IL-6 levels after corticosteroid therapy and ICU length of stay in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Among 16 patients with measured IL-6 levels post-corticosteroid administration, those with IL-6 values over 10 pg\/mL had worse outcomes, including ICU stays over 15 days or death, compared to 41 patients treated with non-cortic","qid":28,"docid":"4ipq7bd4","rank":100,"score":7.362100124359131}]}
{"query":"which SARS-CoV-2 proteins-human proteins interactions indicate potential for drug targets. Are there approved drugs that can be repurposed based on this information?","hits":[{"content":"This study presents an integrative drug repurposing methodology using a systems pharmacology-based network medicine platform to identify potential anti-2019-nCoV\/SARS-CoV-2 drugs. The researchers used phylogenetic analysis to identify similarities between 2019-nCoV\/SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, and prioritized 16 drugs based on their proximity","qid":29,"docid":"4yuw7jo3","rank":1,"score":25.906600952148438},{"content":"Researchers identified 332 high-confidence SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions, revealing 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by existing and potential drugs for treating COVID-19. These findings may lead to the development of broadly acting antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and other deadly coronavirus strains. Currently, there are no proven antiviral drugs or vaccines","qid":29,"docid":"38d6gb7o","rank":2,"score":25.449399948120117},{"content":"A virtual drug repurposing study was conducted to discover drugs targeting Non-Structural Protein 16 (nsp-16) of SARS-CoV-2, a viral RNA methyltransferase. Shape-based screening of FDA-approved drugs and selected nucleoside analogs led to the identification of potential compounds. Molecular docking identified Raltegravir and Maraviroc as strong binders to the","qid":29,"docid":"7wjd740p","rank":3,"score":25.193599700927734},{"content":"A virtual drug repurposing study was conducted to discover drugs for targeting Non-Structural Protein 16 (nsp-16) of SARS-CoV-2, a viral RNA methyltransferase. Shape-based screening of FDA approved drugs with sinefungin as a template led to the selection of Raltgravir, Maraviroc, Favipiravir, and Prednisolone for further investigation","qid":29,"docid":"d6jt1dal","rank":4,"score":25.1935977935791},{"content":"This study presents an integrative drug repurposing methodology using a systems pharmacology-based network medicine platform to identify potential drugs for preventing and treating Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs), including the novel 2019-nCoV. The researchers used phylogenetic analysis to identify similarities between 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV and found high sequence identities for the envelope and nucleocapsid","qid":29,"docid":"b4mdiont","rank":5,"score":24.871000289916992},{"content":"Researchers identified 332 high-confidence protein-protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins by expressing 26 SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells and using affinity-purification mass spectrometry. They found 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 compounds, including 29 FDA-approved drugs, 12 in clinical trials,","qid":29,"docid":"7qd8z5e7","rank":6,"score":24.53820037841797},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of the FDA-approved drug imatinib as a treatment for COVID-19. The study found that imatinib inhibits SARS-CoV-2 with an IC50 of 130 nM and may do so by inhibiting virus fusion. Imatinib also binds to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 with an affinity of 2.32 \u00b1 ","qid":29,"docid":"nnv2e7gr","rank":7,"score":24.420299530029297},{"content":"The passage introduces CoVex, an interactive online platform for exploring the SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interactome and identifying potential drugs for repurposing. The platform integrates experimentally validated virus-human protein interactions, human protein-protein interactions, and drug-target interactions. It allows user-friendly visual exploration of the virus-host interactome and implements systems medicine algorithms for network-based prediction of drugs. CoVex is a valuable resource for understanding","qid":29,"docid":"7cjm2yp0","rank":8,"score":24.319700241088867},{"content":"A study identified hepatitis C antivirals as potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, which could be repurposed as treatments for COVID-19. The researchers screened over 6,000 drugs and found 50 compounds with activity against the protease, eight of which were dose responsive and had IC50 values of 50 \u03bcM or less. Notably, several hepatitis C","qid":29,"docid":"slouuryl","rank":9,"score":24.183300018310547},{"content":"A study screened FDA-approved and investigational drugs for binding to SARS-CoV-2's RdRP, papain-like proteinase, and helicase proteins. Elbasvir, an antiviral drug approved for hepatitis C treatment, was predicted to bind stably and preferentially to all three proteins. Elbasvir has low toxicity and well-characterized drug-drug interactions. Treatment with elbasvir alone","qid":29,"docid":"kc2r034w","rank":10,"score":23.866300582885742},{"content":"Researchers identified 332 high-confidence SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions, revealing 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 compounds, including 29 FDA-approved drugs, 12 drugs in clinical trials, and 28 preclinical compounds. Two sets of pharmacological agents, inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of Sigma","qid":29,"docid":"eje3i558","rank":11,"score":23.555500030517578},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of virtual screening and ADME\/tox predictions to identify potential inhibitors for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M(pro)), responsible for the replication of the COVID-19 virus. Structural data of M(pro) were used to identify potential inhibitors from two compound libraries. The top-ranked compounds were subjected to pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictions, resulting in 10 top","qid":29,"docid":"wg1rshzk","rank":12,"score":23.502899169921875},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of virtual screening and ADME\/tox predictions to identify potential inhibitors for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro), responsible for the replication of the COVID-19 virus. Structural data of Mpro were used to identify potential inhibitors from two compound libraries. The top-ranked compounds were subjected to pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictions, resulting in 10 top-ranked","qid":29,"docid":"wu6nf38u","rank":13,"score":23.502897262573242},{"content":"The study aimed to confirm GRP78 as a potential molecular target to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by examining its increased expression in SARS-CoV-2 positive pneumonia patients. A virtual screen of 10,761 small molecules from DrugBank was performed using GRP78's nucleotide binding and substrate binding domains as targets. Results showed a four-fold increase in GRP78 mRNA","qid":29,"docid":"l7ohbk7c","rank":14,"score":23.279600143432617},{"content":"A computational approach is presented to identify potential drug targets for COVID-19 by prioritizing proteins that regulate host-virus interactions or have downstream signaling targets. Network label propagation methods are adapted and used to predict human-SARS-CoV-2 protein interactors with high accuracy. The identified proteins are enriched in host biological processes coopted by the virus. Examples of promising insights include the potential role of HSPA5 in vir","qid":29,"docid":"qrfx165d","rank":15,"score":23.220800399780273},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that used genomic and proteomic data from 10,708 individuals to identify genetic variants influencing the level or activity of 179 host proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2 or participating in the host response to COVID-19. They found 220 host DNA sequence variants, explaining 0.3-70.9% of the variance for 97 proteins, including ","qid":29,"docid":"k0dzrgtx","rank":16,"score":23.05900001525879},{"content":"A study identified two FDA-approved drugs, Glisoxepide and Idarubicin, as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease (EndoU) through in silico virtual screening. These drugs, used for treating diabetes and leukemia, respectively, formed attractive intermolecular interactions with catalytically essential amino acid residues of EndoU. Molecular dynamics simulation studies showed stable con","qid":29,"docid":"jbjve8cg","rank":17,"score":23.035999298095703},{"content":"A study evaluated the potential of 117 approved plant-derived therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2's main protease (MPP), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and spike protein (S) using molecular docking. Rifampin was the top inhibitor of MPP (-16.3 kcal\/mol), while Azobechalcone was the most potent for R","qid":29,"docid":"oyc2djxk","rank":18,"score":23.00819969177246},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease (EndoU) from FDA approved drugs as a possible solution to treat COVID-19. Two drugs, Glisoxepide and Idarubicin, were identified through in silico virtual screening as strong binders to EndoU. They formed attractive intermolecular interactions with catalytically essential amino acid residues, and molecular dynamics","qid":29,"docid":"9cblzv98","rank":19,"score":22.85449981689453},{"content":"A deep learning model called Variational Graph AutoEncoders (VGAEs) was used to analyze and predict drug-protein interactions in the context of COVID-19. By combining three networks, including two year-long curated ones and a recent one on SARS-CoV-2-human host-virus protein interactions, the researchers were able to predict new links between drugs and human proteins that virus proteins preferentially bind to. These predicted therapeutic","qid":29,"docid":"2lmwnfda","rank":20,"score":22.77829933166504},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that analyzed the ability of various repurposed drugs to achieve adequate target site concentrations against SARS-CoV-2 based on their established human pharmacokinetics. The study found that only 14 of the analyzed drugs had a Cmax\/EC90 ratio above 1, meaning their plasma concentrations exceeded those necessary to inhibit 90% of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Further assessment showed that","qid":29,"docid":"untuy1e6","rank":21,"score":22.76129913330078},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of human organ-on-chips, specifically airway chips, to model virus entry, replication, and host response to influenza and COVID-19 infections. These chips were used to assess the inhibitory activities of seven clinically approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus. Only two drugs, amodiaquine and toremifene, significantly inhibited virus entry in the chips. The study suggests","qid":29,"docid":"mrgw2mnx","rank":22,"score":22.664199829101562},{"content":"This passage discusses a study using computational methods to examine the interaction between Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine with the Spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing Covid-19. The S-protein is a key target for controlling the disease as it mediates entry into host cells and is the focus of neutralizing antibodies. The study found that Hydroxychloro","qid":29,"docid":"gwm36n75","rank":23,"score":22.585899353027344},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for new antiviral treatments due to the limited effectiveness of existing drugs. Drug repurposing, or using approved drugs for new applications, is an attractive alternative to traditional drug discovery. Three key viral proteins of SARS-CoV, ACE2, RdRp NSP12, and NSP16, were selected based on their roles in viral entry, replication, and latency. Four F","qid":29,"docid":"vnn7lp8w","rank":24,"score":22.506900787353516},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 requires urgent scientific response. The virus binds to host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its spike protein. Disrupting this interaction is a potential therapeutic approach. Researchers developed an AlphaLISA assay to measure the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (R","qid":29,"docid":"wz2wrgpk","rank":25,"score":22.49970054626465},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to identify potential inhibitors for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking and dynamics simulation. The researchers targeted FDA-approved antiviral drugs for screening and identified the top three, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Tipranavir, and Raltegravir, through molecular docking studies. These drugs were further investigated for binding affinity and stability through molecular dynamics simulation","qid":29,"docid":"gykudnxf","rank":26,"score":22.489999771118164},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to identify potential inhibitors for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking and dynamics simulation. The researchers targeted FDA-approved antiviral drugs for screening and performed molecular docking studies, revealing the top three drugs, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Tipranavir, and Raltegravir, as having good binding affinities. These drugs underwent molecular","qid":29,"docid":"hgpfib1z","rank":27,"score":22.48999786376953},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for repurposing drugs to address global health burdens and the potential use of various data sources, including electronic health records, omics data, and protein interaction knowledge bases, for informing drug repurposing decisions. It emphasizes the importance of integrating all existing data under a drug repurposing framework and the need for translational pharmacodynamics databases to facilitate drug repurposing and improve public health, particularly for neglected tropical diseases and emerging","qid":29,"docid":"j5nmifhj","rank":28,"score":22.478500366210938},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of FDA-approved drugs, specifically Glecaprevir and Maraviroc (MVC), as potential treatments for COVID-19 based on their inhibitory potential against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro). Through virtual screening, these drugs were identified as the best inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M","qid":29,"docid":"k4dphhfh","rank":29,"score":22.461000442504883},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of FDA-approved drugs, specifically Glecaprevir and Maraviroc (MVC), as potential treatments for COVID-19 based on their inhibitory potential against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (M(pro)). Through virtual screening, these drugs were identified as the best inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2","qid":29,"docid":"rz205rqd","rank":30,"score":22.46099853515625},{"content":"The study by Gordon and colleagues identified druggable targets for SARS-CoV-2 that interact with human proteins, specifically in the context of oncogenic pathways at the host-virus interface. This information can be used by cancer biologists to repurpose existing drugs for treating COVID-19 and potentially addressing long-term complications.","qid":29,"docid":"2cvvkrx9","rank":31,"score":22.316999435424805},{"content":"The study by Gordon and colleagues identified druggable targets for SARS-CoV-2 that interact with human proteins, specifically in the context of oncogenic pathways at the host-virus interface. This information can be used by cancer biologists to quickly repurpose drugs for treating COVID-19 and potentially long-term complications.","qid":29,"docid":"uuy94dwa","rank":32,"score":22.316997528076172},{"content":"Molecular modeling techniques were used to identify potential drugs from a database that could inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein, which is responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak and for which there is currently no vaccine. The S-protein was first solvated in water for molecular dynamics simulation, revealing an \"up\" to \"down\" conformation transition in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) with angles of 54.3 and","qid":29,"docid":"5vgfliv0","rank":33,"score":22.308900833129883},{"content":"Molecular modeling techniques were used to identify potential drugs from a database that could inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein, which is responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak and for which there is currently no vaccine. The S-protein was first solvated in water for molecular dynamics simulation, revealing an \"up\" to \"down\" conformation transition in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) with angles of 54.3 and","qid":29,"docid":"74xvvwrw","rank":34,"score":22.30889892578125},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 presents an urgent need for an effective therapy. The virus's spike protein binds to the host's ACE2 to enter cells, making it a promising drug target. Due to the time-consuming process of new drug development, drug repositioning is used for rapid discovery. A study compared the structures of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV and identified a","qid":29,"docid":"ogiicyik","rank":35,"score":22.260499954223633},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of drug repurposing as a strategy for treating COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The authors propose using the fragment-based approach to identify low-molecular-weight drugs that can interact with essential targets of the virus. Through screening, they identified niacin and hit 1 binding to the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro), modestly inhibiting its enzymatic activity","qid":29,"docid":"dpble2jd","rank":36,"score":22.255399703979492},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify drugs effective against SARS-CoV-2 through drug repurposing, focusing on the main protease as the target. An E-pharmacophore hypothesis was generated, and drugs from the superDRUG2 database were screened. The most promising compounds were further evaluated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicated Binifibrate and Bamifylline as strong binders to the enzyme active site,","qid":29,"docid":"rvzgut4w","rank":37,"score":22.235700607299805},{"content":"This passage discusses the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the role of the Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of SARS-CoV-2 in virus replication. The NTD of the N protein binds to viral RNA and forms crystals, making it a potential target for drug intervention. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine are under consideration as treatments for COVID-19, but their efficacy in","qid":29,"docid":"us0qpw0m","rank":38,"score":22.232099533081055},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that identified 20 drugs with potential to be repurposed against SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing their effects on the host protein interactome and comparing the resulting gene expression profiles with those of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The drugs were selected based on their negative correlation with SARS-associated gene expression profiles and included some already being tested for COVID-19, those with proven activity against SARS-Co","qid":29,"docid":"yv2gjjzg","rank":39,"score":22.2278995513916},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using state-of-the-art tools to identify potential drug targets among clinically approved drugs for treating COVID-19 by discovering SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors through molecular docking analysis. The SARS-CoV-2 helicase protein structure was predicted and validated, then used to screen approved drugs such as protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The results showed that vapreotide","qid":29,"docid":"2j56et4p","rank":40,"score":22.192399978637695},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenge of treating the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19, with over 36,000 deaths, as there are no approved marketed drugs against coronaviruses. Drug repurposing, which involves using already approved drugs for new purposes, is an effective approach to reduce time and cost compared to de novo drug discovery. Two approaches to drug repurposing are discussed: direct virus-target","qid":29,"docid":"hcj8fylw","rank":41,"score":22.177600860595703},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health issue with no approved therapeutic agents aside from remdesivir under Emergency Use Authorization. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), a viral enzyme responsible for viral RNA replication in host cells, is a promising drug target due to its absence in host cells. Selective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 R","qid":29,"docid":"djhnd8kq","rank":42,"score":22.077299118041992},{"content":"The study aimed to identify host proteins targeted by repurposed drugs for COVID-19 using differentially expressed genes and protein-protein and chemo-protein interaction networks. The top-ranked sub-network included 12 hub-bottleneck nodes, with chloroquine and melatonin interacting directly with matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), a host protein associated with neutrophil-mediated immunoin","qid":29,"docid":"0sdjy80s","rank":43,"score":22.043800354003906},{"content":"A study evaluated the potential of repurposed drugs against SARS-CoV-2 based on their plasma and lung concentrations following approved dosing in humans. Only 14 of 56 drugs had a Cmax\/EC90 ratio above 1, indicating sufficient plasma concentration for antiviral activity. Nitazoxanide, nelfinavir, tipranavir (ritonavir-boosted), and sulfadoxine achieved plasma","qid":29,"docid":"r0zyfamz","rank":44,"score":22.002399444580078},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 5.59 million people and claimed over 0.35 million lives worldwide. The lack of an approved vaccine or drug is a major challenge in combating the pandemic. Drug repurposing, which identifies existing drugs effective against SARS-CoV-2, can expedite the process of drug development. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is","qid":29,"docid":"hg9i6v26","rank":45,"score":21.997499465942383},{"content":"The passage discusses a study evaluating the potential of repurposed drugs against SARS-CoV-2 based on their plasma and lung concentrations relative to their antiviral activity. Out of 56 analyzed drugs, only 14 had a Cmax\/EC(90) ratio above 1. Four drugs, nitazoxanide, nelfinavir, tipranavir (ritonavir-boosted), and sulfadox","qid":29,"docid":"6nvi63rq","rank":46,"score":21.949800491333008},{"content":"A study identified Abelson kinase inhibitors, including imatinib, as effective inhibitors of both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV fusion at the early stages of infection by targeting Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (Abl2). This discovery demonstrates the potential of repurposing approved drugs for treating emerging coronaviruses, as both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are highly pathogenic z","qid":29,"docid":"w6bk2x1n","rank":47,"score":21.86829948425293},{"content":"A study using computational approaches, including drug repurposing and molecular docking, identified potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2's RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp). The study found that Rifabutin, Rifapentine, Fidaxomicin, 7-methyl-guanosine-5'-triphosphate-5'-guanosine, Ivermectin","qid":29,"docid":"8e50vgyi","rank":48,"score":21.861299514770508},{"content":"The passage discusses a study where the authors screened sixteen FDA approved drugs for their potential to inhibit the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 using in silico docking studies. The PLpro was modeled based on the SARS-coronavirus PLpro structure, and the drugs were docked into the S3\/S4 pockets of the enzyme's active site. Chloroquine and","qid":29,"docid":"n2tckfjq","rank":49,"score":21.839099884033203},{"content":"iBioProVis is an interactive tool for visualizing the compound bioactivity space of target proteins using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It takes target protein identifiers and optional compound SMILES as input, and plots the distribution of compounds in a 2-D map based on their structural similarity and cognate targets. Similar compounds are embedded near each other on the","qid":29,"docid":"5yc6u5t3","rank":50,"score":21.73550033569336},{"content":"iBioProVis is an interactive tool for visualizing the compound bioactivity space of target proteins using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It takes target protein identifiers and optional compound SMILES as input, and plots the distribution of compounds in a 2-D map based on their structural similarity and cognate targets. Similar compounds are embedded near each other on the","qid":29,"docid":"jmiy97du","rank":51,"score":21.735498428344727},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of genomics to identify novel drug repurposing candidates for improving lung function, particularly in the context of respiratory infections. Lung function measures were found to be genetically correlated with metabolic and hormone traits, and a causal effect of increased fasting glucose on diminished lung function was identified. Polygenic scores for lung function were developed, and transcriptome-wide association studies identified drug-gene interactions with","qid":29,"docid":"ruvz3f1c","rank":52,"score":21.6200008392334},{"content":"The CANDO platform, available at protinfo.org\/cando, uses compound-proteome interaction signatures to infer drug behavior similarity. It analyzed 3733 human ingestible compounds, mapping to 2030 indications and 48,278 protein structures. The signature comparison and ranking approach achieved 12-25% benchmarking accuracies for 1439 indications with approved compounds. Forty-n","qid":29,"docid":"wkkz4dry","rank":53,"score":21.611000061035156},{"content":"A new algorithm called SAveRUNNER was presented for drug repositioning against COVID-19. This algorithm predicts drug-disease associations by quantifying interplay between drug targets and disease-specific proteins in the human interactome. SAveRUNNER was applied to 14 diseases related to COVID-19 and identified 282 repurposable drugs, including some rumored off-label treatments and a new combination therapy. The top-ranked drugs","qid":29,"docid":"jozd45ch","rank":54,"score":21.510400772094727},{"content":"A computational drug repurposing study identified potential drugs for treating COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 by performing virtual docking screening and molecular dynamics simulations. The top hits included carfilzomib, eravacycline, valrubicin, lopinavir, elbasvir, and a bioactive compound. Carfilzomib, an approved anticancer drug, had the best binding free energy (-13.8 k","qid":29,"docid":"ttl1f9dd","rank":55,"score":21.466800689697266},{"content":"A computational drug repurposing study identified potential drugs for treating COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 using computer-aided design techniques and the crystal structure of its main protease. Top docking hits were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. Carfilzomib, an approved anticancer drug, emerged as the best potential inhibitor with a binding free energy of \u221213.8 kcal\/mol. Other promising","qid":29,"docid":"upcsvjuo","rank":56,"score":21.466798782348633},{"content":"A study aimed to identify inhibitors for two essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2, 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) and 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase), using an in-house library of 123 antiviral drugs. Two promising drug molecules were identified for each protein based on their binding affinity and interacting residues. The selected complexes underw","qid":29,"docid":"sd40c03b","rank":57,"score":21.430299758911133},{"content":"A study aimed to identify inhibitors for two essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2, 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) and 2\u2032-O-ribose methyltransferase (2\u2032-O-MTase), using an in-house library of 123 antiviral drugs. Two promising drug molecules were identified for each protein based on binding affinity and interacting residues. These complexes underwent molecular","qid":29,"docid":"tzsm1t44","rank":58,"score":21.4302978515625},{"content":"Machine learning methods integrated with bioinformatics help identify effective therapeutics for new clinical contexts or diseases, such as COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Neural network models were employed using virus protein sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and antiviral agents from the DrugVirus database as inputs and outputs, excluding SARS-CoV-2 proteins and including only approved drugs. The trained models produced tentative","qid":29,"docid":"1nnqx1g9","rank":59,"score":21.377399444580078},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of SARS-CoV-2's E protein as a potential ion channel and viable drug target for COVID-19 treatment. Using bacterial assays, the researchers demonstrated the E protein's ion channel activity and its importance to the virus's pathogenicity. A repurposing drug library screening led to the identification of Gliclazide and Memantine as inhibitors of the E protein. The researchers suggest that targeting the E","qid":29,"docid":"cjq0ep4f","rank":60,"score":21.371000289916992},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing global effort to discover effective treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with no proven therapeutics or vaccines available yet. The author suggests that repurposing existing antiviral drugs could be an effective strategy to speed up the discovery process and potentially reveal new druggable targets. The review covers potential druggable targets for developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents and updates on the","qid":29,"docid":"a179xi5p","rank":61,"score":21.346399307250977},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing global effort to find effective treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with no proven solutions yet. Repurposing existing antiviral drugs is suggested as a strategy to expedite the discovery process and potentially reveal new druggable targets. The review covers potential druggable targets for anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents and updates on the progress of therapeutics and vaccines in precl","qid":29,"docid":"xkoilncd","rank":62,"score":21.346397399902344},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need to discover effective treatments for COVID-19 and the appeal of drug repositioning as a faster approach to drug discovery. It provides an overview of current efforts in this area, including approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment, as well as computational approaches and in-silico studies for drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2.","qid":29,"docid":"1t4ykc01","rank":63,"score":21.302600860595703},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need to find effective treatments for COVID-19 and the appeal of drug repositioning as a way to accelerate the discovery process. It provides an overview of current efforts in this area, including approved drugs and clinical trials, as well as computational approaches and in silico studies for drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2.","qid":29,"docid":"q6bpic9m","rank":64,"score":21.30259895324707},{"content":"Researchers have identified antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 by screening a library of protein kinase inhibitors. Thirty-four compounds were found to inhibit viral cytopathic effect in epithelial cells, specifically targeting mTOR-PI3K-AKT, ABL-BCR\/MAPK, and DNA-Damage Response (DDR) pathways. Berzosertib, Vistusert","qid":29,"docid":"jz5wrhc4","rank":65,"score":21.23259925842285},{"content":"A novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has led to a global public health emergency, with no standard drug or vaccine available. Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) is a crucial target for antiviral drug development against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, computational drug design methods were used to identify potential 3CLpro inhibitors from FDA-approved antiviral drugs and an","qid":29,"docid":"m55mro2m","rank":66,"score":21.181400299072266},{"content":"A novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has led to a global public health emergency, with no standard drug or vaccine available. Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) is a crucial target for antiviral drug development against SARS-CoV-2. This study used computational drug design methods to identify potential 3CLpro inhibitors from FDA-approved antiviral drugs and an in-house","qid":29,"docid":"qato562y","rank":67,"score":21.181398391723633},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is a need for approved drugs or vaccines to treat the disease. This passage discusses potential drug targets based on the structure of the virus and reported compounds with activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs. All CoV enzymes and proteins involved in viral replication and host control are potential targets. The role of the innate immune response to coron","qid":29,"docid":"f6xhrpi8","rank":68,"score":21.160999298095703},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in the fusion of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with host cells and its impact on the virus's infectivity. The study found that intracellular Ca2+ enhances MERS-CoV infection by approximately 2-fold and that a specific residue, E891, is crucial for Ca2+ interaction. Electron spin resonance","qid":29,"docid":"z086ewcs","rank":69,"score":21.079599380493164},{"content":"A study using computational approaches identified potential inhibitors of three essential proteins (RdRp, 3CL-protease, and helicase) of SARS-CoV-2 by screening a library of 4574 compounds, including FDA-approved drugs. The shortlisted hits underwent iterative docking with the respective proteins, and the binding compounds were identified based on binding energy, clustering score, shape complementarity,","qid":29,"docid":"eja8fkwv","rank":70,"score":20.986000061035156},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is a need for approved drugs or vaccines to treat the disease. This paper discusses potential druggable targets for SARS-CoV-2 based on its enzymes and proteins involved in replication and host cell control. All CoV enzymes and proteins are potential targets for new therapeutic options. The paper provides an overview of these targets and reported compounds","qid":29,"docid":"2kfmgr7k","rank":71,"score":20.984600067138672},{"content":"A scoping review was conducted to identify in silico evidence supporting the potential activity of Cefuroxime against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Six studies were found, reporting Cefuroxime as a potential inhibitor of three key SARS-CoV-2 proteins: main protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, and ACE2-Spike complex. The review suggests that Cefuro","qid":29,"docid":"aqge7xuu","rank":72,"score":20.867799758911133},{"content":"A scoping review was conducted to identify in silico evidence supporting the potential activity of Cefuroxime against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Six studies were found, reporting Cefuroxime as a potential inhibitor of three key SARS-CoV-2 proteins: main protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, and ACE2-Spike complex. The review suggests that Cefuro","qid":29,"docid":"xui8cfzv","rank":73,"score":20.8677978515625},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for a systematic platform to repurpose approved drugs for clinical interventions against SARS-CoV-2, particularly in the context of aging. The authors propose using a causal framework that integrates transcriptomic, proteomic, and structural data from large-scale drug screens and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung epithelium, as well as aging lung data. They identify serine\/threonine and","qid":29,"docid":"ofmjtri8","rank":74,"score":20.85219955444336},{"content":"A study screened a library of 3,000 drugs to identify new antivirals for SARS-CoV-2. Few antivirals were found in initial screening in Vero cells, but 23 diverse antivirals were validated in human Huh7.5 cells. Further studies in lung epithelial Calu-3 cells revealed major differences in drug sensitivity and entry pathways used by SARS-CoV-","qid":29,"docid":"hsc2x36j","rank":75,"score":20.775999069213867},{"content":"This passage discusses the importance of understanding the mechanism of coronavirus-receptor binding for the development of vaccines, antibodies, and small-molecule inhibitors. The review covers the entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, and the key protein domains and amino acid residues involved in binding. Potential therapeutics mentioned include TMPRSS2-targeting protease inhib","qid":29,"docid":"nbc07tf7","rank":76,"score":20.712900161743164},{"content":"This review discusses the importance of understanding the mechanism of coronavirus-receptor binding for the development of vaccines, antibodies, and small-molecule inhibitors. The article covers the entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, and the key protein domains and amino acid residues involved in binding. Potential therapeutics mentioned include nafamostat mesylate, camost","qid":29,"docid":"tw2nls29","rank":77,"score":20.71289825439453},{"content":"A data-driven drug repositioning framework using machine learning and statistical analysis identified PARP1 inhibitor CVL218 as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Retrospective study and in silico screening showed CVL218's effectiveness against coronaviruses and inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2. In vitro assays revealed its anti-inflammatory effect and lack of cytopathic effect or toxic","qid":29,"docid":"qebbkr6d","rank":78,"score":20.7106990814209},{"content":"Six approved anti-HIV-1 drugs were investigated for their binding interactions with SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro to evaluate their potential as clinical drugs for COVID-19. Molecular docking results showed higher binding affinity of these inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro than its SARS homologue. Darunavir had the best binding affinity among all inhibitors, indicating its potential as an anti-","qid":29,"docid":"m0hivi0u","rank":79,"score":20.637699127197266},{"content":"A systematic approach was used to identify potential repurposable drugs for COVID-19 by integrating gene expression perturbation data from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) project with single-cell RNA sequencing data from mild and severe COVID-19 patients. This resulted in the identification of 281 FDA approved drugs that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 10 of these drugs currently","qid":29,"docid":"7ftg6bfx","rank":80,"score":20.579200744628906},{"content":"The study explores the potential of stilbenoid analogs, including resveratrol, as disruptors of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2 receptor complex. Molecular docking and simulation revealed good affinity and high stability of resveratrol's binding to the viral protein: ACE2 receptor complex, which is further supported by better net free energies. The findings suggest that stilbenes, particularly","qid":29,"docid":"unnrrnvr","rank":81,"score":20.56089973449707},{"content":"The WHO declared COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic with no confirmed anti-viral treatment. To aid in discovering potential drugs for COVID-19, knowledge-based models of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were constructed and compared with approved\/experimental drugs and natural medicines. Theoretical models suggest carfilzomib, sinefungin, tecadenoson, and trabodenoson","qid":29,"docid":"flkjekyo","rank":82,"score":20.5132999420166},{"content":"The WHO declared COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic with no confirmed therapeutic. To aid in discovering drugs for COVID-19, knowledge-based models of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were constructed and compared with approved\/experimental drugs and natural medicines. Theoretical models suggest potential drugs like carfilzomib, sinefungin, tecadenoson, and trabodenoson","qid":29,"docid":"onskc3u9","rank":83,"score":20.51329803466797},{"content":"A global priority during the COVID-19 pandemic is discovering drugs that can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 to reduce mortality and morbidity. Repurposing approved drugs offers therapeutic alternatives with a documented safety record and infrastructure for large-scale production. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a critical target for inhibition but has a flexible active site. In this study, 4384 approved drugs","qid":29,"docid":"jnw0pnfu","rank":84,"score":20.475500106811523},{"content":"A study screened the Prestwick Chemical Library of 1,520 approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells, identifying 90 potential inhibitors. Robustness was confirmed by identifying drugs already in clinical trials. EC50 and CC50 were determined for a subset, with Azithromycine, Opipramol, Quinidine, and Omeprazol showing antiviral potency (2<EC50","qid":29,"docid":"m7dwbheg","rank":85,"score":20.44499969482422},{"content":"A study used the Molecule Transformer-Drug Target Interaction (MT-DTI) model to identify commercially available drugs that could act against the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Atazanavir, an antiretroviral medication, showed the best inhibitory potency (Kd of 94.94 nM) against the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like proteinase.","qid":29,"docid":"zb434ve3","rank":86,"score":20.430200576782227},{"content":"A study titled \"GraphDTA\" proposes a new model for predicting drug-target binding affinity using graph neural networks. Drugs are represented as graphs instead of strings, which is more natural for molecules. GraphDTA outperforms non-deep learning models and competing deep learning methods, improving drug repurposing. The models are available in Python with related data, pre-trained models, and source code accessible at https:\/\/github.com\/thinng\/GraphD","qid":29,"docid":"zult69f2","rank":87,"score":20.375600814819336},{"content":"A computational model was developed to identify Human-nCoV protein interactions using experimentally validated SARS-CoV-Human interactions. Level-1 and level-2 human spreader proteins were identified using the SIS model and a gene-ontology based fuzzy affinity function. These proteins were considered potential targets for nCoV bait proteins. The derived host-pathogen interaction network was validated using 7 potential FDA listed drugs for","qid":29,"docid":"k4f79dr4","rank":88,"score":20.372900009155273},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires urgent solutions, with scientific community conducting trials for COVID-19 treatment and vaccine development. ACE2, a human membrane protein docked by the virus, forms a supercomplex with B0AT1, which stabilizes the ACE2-viral protein interaction. Nimesulide, a drug known to inhibit B0AT1 function, is suggested as a potential co-adjuvant for COVID-19 treatment","qid":29,"docid":"62iqyk0r","rank":89,"score":20.36590003967285},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires urgent solutions, with scientific community working on trials for blocking infection or treating symptoms, and designing a vaccine. ACE2, a human membrane protein docked by the virus, forms a supercomplex with B0AT1, which stabilizes the ACE2-viral protein interaction. Nimesulide, a drug known to inhibit B0AT1, could be a potential therapeutic adjuvant for COVID-1","qid":29,"docid":"qmmy8amo","rank":90,"score":20.36589813232422},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus causing COVID-19, has a 29.9 kb positive sense RNA genome with similarities to other coronaviruses. The genome encodes for 27 proteins, with structural proteins (spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid) making up about 33% of the genome. The remaining 67% is distributed among non-structural prote","qid":29,"docid":"9qneslip","rank":91,"score":20.32670021057129},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, has a 29.9 kb positive sense RNA genome with similarities to other coronaviruses. The genome encodes for 27 proteins, with structural proteins (spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid) making up about 33% of the genome. The remaining 67% is distributed among non-structural proteins","qid":29,"docid":"ccau1qwc","rank":92,"score":20.326698303222656},{"content":"The passage discusses a drug repurposing strategy using steroidal agents to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells by occupying specific pockets in the virus' Spike protein RBD, preventing it from binding to the ACE2 receptor. Natural and clinically available steroids like glycyrrhetinic acid, oleanolic acid, glyco-UDCA, and obeticholic acid have been identified as effective entry inhibitors,","qid":29,"docid":"l41lq2sc","rank":93,"score":20.302900314331055},{"content":"The passage discusses the limitation of current antiviral agents that primarily target virus-specific proteins instead of the host cell Master Regulator proteins, which are crucial for the reprogrammed state of coronavirus-infected cells. The authors propose the identification and pharmacologic targeting of this small module of host cell Master Regulator proteins, called ViroCheckpoint, as a novel approach for antiviral therapy. They used the VIPER algorithm to identify time","qid":29,"docid":"viwr6djt","rank":94,"score":20.279699325561523},{"content":"This review discusses the interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and furin with the spike protein (SP) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to its invasion of host cells. The importance of the furin cleavage site (FCS) in the life cycle of CoVs is also explored. The use of small molecular inhibitors to","qid":29,"docid":"bha6pl7o","rank":95,"score":20.18269920349121},{"content":"This review discusses the interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and furin with the spike protein (SP) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for its invasion of host cells. The review also explores the role of the furin cleavage site (FCS) in the life cycle of CoVs and the potential use of","qid":29,"docid":"dq2empne","rank":96,"score":20.182697296142578},{"content":"In this study, the antiviral efficacies of lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in ferrets. While these drugs marginally improved clinical symptoms, they did not significantly reduce in vivo virus titers. Only emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment led to lower virus tit","qid":29,"docid":"7h3rrea7","rank":97,"score":20.177499771118164},{"content":"A study used quantitative high-throughput screening and morphological profiling with machine learning to identify antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. From 1,425 FDA-approved compounds, they found 16 effective drugs, including lactoferrin, which inhibits viral entry and enhances the effects of remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine. Lactoferrin also stimulates an antiv","qid":29,"docid":"ort27p77","rank":98,"score":20.137699127197266},{"content":"A study used computer-aided methods to identify approved drugs as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2's Main Protease. Viomycin, an FDA-approved anti-microbial drug, showed the highest binding energy and formed more H-bonds with the Main Protease than current clinical trial drugs Ritonavir and Lopinavir. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested deep binding and robust interaction between Viomycin and the","qid":29,"docid":"9bhp3lph","rank":99,"score":20.113300323486328},{"content":"A study used computer-aided methods to identify approved drugs as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2's Main Protease. Viomycin, an FDA-approved anti-microbial drug, showed the highest binding energy and formed more H-bonds with the Main Protease than current clinical trial drugs Ritonavir and Lopinavir. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested Viomycin embedded deeply and formed robust binding with the","qid":29,"docid":"cvavb7j1","rank":100,"score":20.113298416137695}]}
{"query":"is remdesivir an effective treatment for COVID-19","hits":[{"content":"Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, was effective in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, as shown by reduced signs of respiratory disease, lower pulmonary infiltrates, lower lung viral loads, and less lung damage. Early treatment initiation is suggested to prevent progression to pneumonia in COVID-19 patients.","qid":30,"docid":"1cph1uij","rank":1,"score":9.640999794006348},{"content":"Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, was effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, as shown by reduced signs of respiratory disease, lower pulmonary infiltrates, lower lung viral loads, and less lung damage. Early treatment initiation is suggested to prevent progression to pneumonia in COVID-19 patients.","qid":30,"docid":"jxbch44o","rank":2,"score":9.640998840332031},{"content":"Remdesivir, a nucleotide prodrug with effectiveness against coronaviruses, was tested on rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. Six macaques in each group were infected and treated with intravenous remdesivir or a vehicle solution daily. Remdesivir-treated animals showed no respiratory symptoms, reduced pulmonary infiltrates on radiographs, and significantly lower virus titers and lung","qid":30,"docid":"p6uliadr","rank":3,"score":9.163800239562988},{"content":"A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted using the BRAT framework to evaluate the use of remdesivir as a COVID-19 treatment compared to placebo or standard of care. The study identified several benefits and risks, including a potential shorter time to recovery and reduced mortality risk for remdesivir, but limited safety data was available. The assessment also noted fewer serious adverse events in the remdesivir group but more discontinuations due to adverse events. Pre","qid":30,"docid":"dieaqxmi","rank":4,"score":9.06089973449707},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of remdesivir for treating COVID-19 in adults with pneumonia and\/or respiratory insufficiency. Two placebo-controlled RCTs and two case series were included, all using the same dosage and follow-up period. Remdesivir did not significantly decrease all-cause mortality or the need for invasive ventilation, but had fewer serious adverse events.","qid":30,"docid":"4vfk99f5","rank":5,"score":9.04069995880127},{"content":"Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that has shown inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Due to the absence of effective treatments for COVID-19, remdesivir has been used compassionately in severe cases. Recent studies have shown mixed results, with some suggesting faster time to recovery but no difference in mortality, while others found no significant benefit. The authors conducted a systematic review of literature on rem","qid":30,"docid":"1eiw7bxh","rank":6,"score":9.003899574279785},{"content":"Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that has shown inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Due to the absence of effective treatments for COVID-19, remdesivir has been used compassionately in severe cases. Recent studies have shown mixed results, with some suggesting faster time to recovery but no difference in mortality, while others found no significant benefit. The authors conducted a systematic review of literature on rem","qid":30,"docid":"gqqdx2r5","rank":7,"score":9.003898620605469},{"content":"A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the use of remdesivir as a treatment for COVID-19, comparing it to standard of care, placebo, or other treatments. Using the BRAT framework, potential benefits identified included a shorter time to recovery and possible reduced mortality risk, while risks included more discontinuations due to adverse events and fewer serious adverse events in the remdesivir group. Preliminary clinical trial results suggest a favorable benefit-","qid":30,"docid":"gxogowwb","rank":8,"score":8.998700141906738},{"content":"A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the use of remdesivir as a COVID-19 treatment compared to standard of care, placebo, or other treatments. Using the BRAT framework, potential benefits identified included shorter time to recovery and possible mortality reduction, while risks included more treatment discontinuations due to adverse events and fewer serious adverse events in the remdesivir group. Preliminary clinical trial results suggest a favorable benefit-risk profile,","qid":30,"docid":"xrvynfr6","rank":9,"score":8.998699188232422},{"content":"The passage discusses the approval of the antiviral drug remdesivir by the USFDA for the treatment of COVID-19, but the molecular mechanism by which it inhibits the RNA synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown and requires further investigation.","qid":30,"docid":"2lwzhqer","rank":10,"score":8.995200157165527},{"content":"Remdesivir, an antiviral drug that inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of various RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, received Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA on May 1, 2020, for treating COVID-19 patients. This mini-review provides comprehensive information on remdesivir, including its milestones, intellectual properties, anti-coronavirus mechanisms, precl","qid":30,"docid":"bz1lz2ze","rank":11,"score":8.981300354003906},{"content":"Remdesivir, an antiviral drug that inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of various RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, received Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA on May 1, 2020, for treating COVID-19 patients. This mini-review provides comprehensive information on remdesivir, including its milestones, intellectual properties, anti-coronavirus mechanisms, precl","qid":30,"docid":"ygbfvjz8","rank":12,"score":8.98129940032959},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of remdesivir as a potential treatment for COVID-19, with the USFDA granting emergency approval for its use. The molecular mechanism by which remdesivir inhibits the RNA synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 is currently unknown and requires further investigation.","qid":30,"docid":"8n6eybze","rank":13,"score":8.966500282287598},{"content":"A study analyzing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials on the clinical efficacy of remdesivir for COVID-19 treatment was conducted. The data of 1075 and 1296 subjects showed that remdesivir significantly increased the discharge rate and decreased mortality and serious adverse events compared to the placebo. The study concluded that remdesivir is efficacious and safe for the treatment of COVID","qid":30,"docid":"qxsr3uii","rank":14,"score":8.91469955444336},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of Remdesivir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two cohort studies were included. In the cohort studies, patients received Remdesivir for 10 days. Two RCTs showed that Remdesivir's 10-day regimen was more effective than placebo in reducing time to clinical improvement, but there was","qid":30,"docid":"6tcwu832","rank":15,"score":8.90530014038086},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in treating COVID-19 based on randomized controlled trials. The study will search various databases and follow PRISMA guidelines. The primary endpoint is time to clinical recovery, with secondary endpoints being all-cause mortality, discharge date, respiratory progression, and treatment-emergent adverse events. The analysis will use the RevMan 5.","qid":30,"docid":"aosmo568","rank":16,"score":8.893099784851074},{"content":"The passage argues for the superiority of the parent nucleoside GS-441524 over remdesivir in Covid-19 treatment. While remdesivir has received attention for its moderate effects against Covid-19, GS-441524 is the predominant metabolite reaching the lungs as remdesivir undergoes premature hydrolysis in the serum. The synthetic simplicity and in vivo efficacy","qid":30,"docid":"kq77whdx","rank":17,"score":8.831600189208984},{"content":"A leading antiviral candidate for treating COVID-19 is remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral initially developed for Ebola virus. Although it did not meet efficacy endpoints during an Ebola outbreak trial, it shows promise against SARS-CoV-2 based on in vitro activity, uncontrolled clinical reports, and limited randomized trial data. The current data are insufficient to determine remdesivir's effic","qid":30,"docid":"aivub6mi","rank":18,"score":8.820699691772461},{"content":"A simulated study analyzed the impact of remdesivir on COVID-19 patients' hospitalization length, high-risk state, and death based on severity at enrollment. Low-risk patients had the highest reduction in progression to high-risk state (67%) and death (55%) with remdesivir treatment. Medium-risk patients also showed significant reductions (52% in progression to high-risk state and ","qid":30,"docid":"4od9gu6y","rank":19,"score":8.765299797058105},{"content":"Remdesivir is a promising drug for treating COVID-19 due to its broad-spectrum antiviral properties and in vitro and animal study results. However, its current IV dosing regimen may not achieve optimal clinical efficacy as plasma exposures and lung concentrations may not correlate with clinical benefits. A combination of IV and pulmonary delivery is suggested to improve antiviral therapy against COVID-19.","qid":30,"docid":"4178ui2c","rank":20,"score":8.657400131225586},{"content":"Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, has shown promise against COVID-19 with in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and in vivo efficacy against MERS-CoV. However, current IV dosing regimen (200 mg loading dose followed by 100 mg daily for 5-9 days) may not achieve optimal clinical efficacy due to insufficient lung exposure. Plasma exposures","qid":30,"docid":"r0znh1bi","rank":21,"score":8.65739917755127},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials investigated the effectiveness of remdesivir in treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The studies revealed a modest yet significant reduction in mortality (RR=0.69), faster time to clinical improvement (3.95 less days), reduced risk of serious adverse events (RR=0.77), and all adverse events (RR=0.87). While remdes","qid":30,"docid":"7xc47la7","rank":22,"score":8.621000289916992},{"content":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of remdesivir in treating severe COVID-19 in adults. The study included 237 patients admitted to ten hospitals in Hubei, China, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, oxygen saturation of 94% or less on room air or a ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen of ","qid":30,"docid":"c74zdtnn","rank":23,"score":8.522600173950195},{"content":"A 40-year-old COVID-19 patient was successfully treated with remdesivir, despite a 6-day delay in initiation of therapy. The patient, who had dry cough, fever, and shortness of breath, was admitted to the hospital 3 days after symptom onset and received hydroxychloroquine in the meantime. A request for compassionate use of remdesivir was submitted on the same day as the positive COVID-1","qid":30,"docid":"jql4n0td","rank":24,"score":8.501799583435059},{"content":"A 40-year-old COVID-19 patient was successfully treated with remdesivir, despite a 6-day delay in initiation of therapy. The patient, who had dry cough, fever, and shortness of breath, was intubated and received hydroxychloroquine before receiving remdesivir. The patient was extubated 60 hours after starting remdesivir and transitioned to room air within 24 hours. Late","qid":30,"docid":"ssuao9mb","rank":25,"score":8.501798629760742},{"content":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at ten hospitals in Hubei, China, to evaluate the effectiveness of remdesivir in treating severe COVID-19 in adults. Between February 6, 2020, and March 12, 2020, 237 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to remdesivir or placebo groups. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement up to","qid":30,"docid":"bzeqs5oh","rank":26,"score":8.40530014038086},{"content":"Four critically ill COVID-19 patients received remdesivir after other antiviral treatments. One patient had a torsade de pointes event and died, another experienced liver injury. Three patients showed negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA after three days and increased lymphocyte counts. Remdesivir showed in vivo virological effect but had significant adverse events. Limited study, but potentially relevant for COVID-19 treatment.","qid":30,"docid":"mp3qb33p","rank":27,"score":8.355600357055664},{"content":"Remdesivir effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication by targeting RdRp, but its inhibitory mechanisms are unclear. Through molecular dynamics simulations, the study found that the 1\u2019-cyano group of remdesivir inhibits both nucleotide addition and proofreading. For nucleotide addition, the 1\u2019-cyano group causes instability by interacting with a salt bridge, leading to delayed chain term","qid":30,"docid":"o1ff4hex","rank":28,"score":8.318599700927734},{"content":"Remdesivir is a nucleotide analogue prodrug being evaluated as a potential antiviral treatment for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Originally developed to combat Ebola, its ability to inhibit coronavirus replication, including SARS-CoV-2, was later discovered. This article reviews remdesivir's history, mechanism of action, and ongoing clinical trials assessing its effectiveness.","qid":30,"docid":"zdfx3zo3","rank":29,"score":8.304300308227539},{"content":"Remdesivir, a new treatment for COVID-19, was studied using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy perturbation methods to understand its inhibition mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). A homology model of the polymerase was constructed based on a previously available structure of SARS-CoV NSP12 RdRp. A putative preinsertion binding structure of remdes","qid":30,"docid":"13l2cbg1","rank":30,"score":8.300999641418457},{"content":"Remdesivir, approved by the FDA to treat COVID-19, was studied using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy perturbation methods to understand its inhibition mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). A homology model of the polymerase was constructed based on a previously available structure of SARS-CoV NSP12 RdRp. A putative preinsertion binding structure","qid":30,"docid":"yjar2ctw","rank":31,"score":8.30099868774414},{"content":"A scoping review identified 11 studies on pharmacological treatments for COVID-19, including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir, remdesivir, tocilizumab, and favipiravir. Three RCTs in China found no significant earlier clinical improvement with lopinavir\/ritonavir or remdesivir for severe infections. The duration of","qid":30,"docid":"txvx5fy5","rank":32,"score":8.277799606323242},{"content":"Five severe COVID-19 patients in ICU at the University hospital of Bichat, Paris, received remdesivir treatment for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Two required mechanical ventilation and one high flow cannola oxygen. Three patients experienced side effects leading to remdesivir interruption: two had ALT elevations and two renal failures requiring replacement. A decrease in SARS-CoV-2 viral load was observed in most","qid":30,"docid":"m69ceq2t","rank":33,"score":8.242400169372559},{"content":"Five severe COVID-19 patients in ICU at the University hospital of Bichat, Paris, received remdesivir treatment for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Two required mechanical ventilation and one high flow cannola oxygen. Three patients experienced side effects leading to remdesivir interruption: two had ALT elevations and two renal failures requiring replacement. A decrease in SARS-CoV-2 viral load was observed in most","qid":30,"docid":"oc0m6r5c","rank":34,"score":8.242399215698242},{"content":"A 35-year-old pregnant woman at 22 weeks of gestation with COVID-19 presented with severe symptoms including fever, cough, anosmia, and dyspnea. Her lab results showed high levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. On day 3, she was treated with tocilizumab and remdesivir due to worsening condition. Both treatments led to improvement, and she was discharged after","qid":30,"docid":"d4tc2xe7","rank":35,"score":8.226400375366211},{"content":"A 35-year-old pregnant woman at 22 weeks of gestation with COVID-19 presented with severe symptoms including fever, cough, anosmia, dyspnea, and elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concentrations. She was treated with tocilizumab and remdesivir due to worsening condition, and responded well with recovery to room air and discharge after a 9-day hospitalization. The","qid":30,"docid":"tdfqhty8","rank":36,"score":8.226399421691895},{"content":"A review of potential therapeutics for treating SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, was conducted based on their efficacy against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Several therapeutics with promising results include camostat mesylate, remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, baricitinib, convalescent plasma, and humanized monoclonal antibod","qid":30,"docid":"fy8tyj9a","rank":37,"score":8.178600311279297},{"content":"A review of potential therapeutics for COVID-19 identifies those with proven efficacy against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as possible options for SARS-CoV-2. Promising therapeutics include camostat mesylate, remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, baricitinib, convalescent plasma, and humanized monoclonal antibodies. Camost","qid":30,"docid":"inibtytf","rank":38,"score":8.17859935760498},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a significant challenge in identifying effective drugs for prevention and treatment. Currently, no proven therapies exist, but remdesivir, which has potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, is the most promising therapy and is being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Oseltamivir and corticosteroids have not been shown to be effective, and the use of","qid":30,"docid":"8cvjsisw","rank":39,"score":8.174599647521973},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a significant challenge in identifying effective drugs for prevention and treatment. Currently, no proven therapies exist, but remdesivir, which has potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, is the most promising therapy and is being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Oseltamivir and corticosteroids have not been shown to be effective, and the use of","qid":30,"docid":"yth9hh5q","rank":40,"score":8.174598693847656},{"content":"A study using in silico molecular docking models identified several medications, including Zanamivir, Indinavir, Saquinavir, Remdesivir, Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD), Adeflavin, and Coenzyme A, as potential inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and 3CL protease. These medications may be beneficial in treating COVID-","qid":30,"docid":"phxu6usy","rank":41,"score":8.164999961853027},{"content":"This passage discusses the importance of defining pediatric-specific dosing regimens for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir in treating COVID-19 in children. Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation were used to extrapolate adult dosages to children for both drugs. The analysis supported weight-normalized dosing for children for both hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir. The simulated results showed that unbound plasma concentr","qid":30,"docid":"13n2ks4l","rank":42,"score":8.11460018157959},{"content":"This passage discusses a study using pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to define pediatric-specific dosing regimens for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19. The study used physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for hydroxychloroquine and allometric-scaling with age-dependent exponents for remdesivir. The results showed that weight-normalized dosing was recommended","qid":30,"docid":"v6t9n2wh","rank":43,"score":8.114599227905273},{"content":"Patients with COVID-19 face increased mortality and morbidity, with current management focusing on supportive care. Septic shock patients may require antibiotics, vasopressors, and oxygen supplementation. Corticosteroids should be avoided unless necessary. There is no proven efficacy of hydroxychloroquine\/chloroquine, remdesivir, or antivirals for COVID-19 treatment or prevention. Convalescent plasma","qid":30,"docid":"6bdzut3d","rank":44,"score":8.114399909973145},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of in silico molecular docking models to identify potential medications for treating COVID-19 by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and 3CL protease. Several antiviral drugs, including Zanamivir, Indinavir, Saquinavir, and Remdesivir, were identified as potential inhibitors for the 3CL protease. Additionally, Flavin Aden","qid":30,"docid":"pgxew3yk","rank":45,"score":8.107799530029297},{"content":"Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug being tested as a potential treatment for COVID-19 in clinical trials. Evidence of its antiviral effects against coronaviruses comes from in vitro and in vivo studies, including those on a related compound, GS-441524. Human compassionate use cases will provide additional information as clinical trials continue. Public health practitioners and the One Health","qid":30,"docid":"95fc828i","rank":46,"score":8.103799819946289},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. The study will search various databases for relevant articles published up to June 30, 2020, and the results will be reported following PRISMA-P guidelines. The primary endpoint is time to clinical recovery, and secondary endpoints include proportion of participants relieved from symptoms, all-cause mortality,","qid":30,"docid":"kcrmi3x8","rank":47,"score":8.086799621582031},{"content":"The passage discusses the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and the urgent need for effective treatments. The authors conducted a search for promising COVID-19 treatments in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the New England Journal of Medicine. They identified potential agents, including copper, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), colchicine, nitric oxide (NO), remdesivir, and EIDD-2801,","qid":30,"docid":"s7p88fzw","rank":48,"score":8.054300308227539},{"content":"The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020, and the need for effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2 is urgent. The authors conducted a search in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and NEJM for promising COVID-19 treatments and identified a combination of copper, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), colchicine, nitric oxide (NO), and antiviral","qid":30,"docid":"va9ihthm","rank":49,"score":8.054299354553223},{"content":"Gilead Sciences' experimental antiviral remdesivir showed promising results in helping COVID-19 patients recover faster based on data from a trial led by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The Food and Drug Administration is expected to grant an emergency use authorization for the drug soon. The study, which includes a placebo arm, is considered the highest quality among remdesivir's Phase III trials due to its clear signal of the treatment","qid":30,"docid":"7bpdhcdp","rank":50,"score":8.017999649047852},{"content":"Remdesivir, an antiviral drug by Gilead Sciences, has gained attention as a potential treatment for COVID-19 based on laboratory studies and early use in China. With the global case count surpassing 3 million, scrutiny of clinical trial data has intensified. A leaked video of a University of Chicago clinician discussing the drug's potential effectiveness led to a stock market rise. The pressure to find effective treatments for the pandemic continues to mount with each new","qid":30,"docid":"nez8la3d","rank":51,"score":7.999199867248535},{"content":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of remdesivir in adults hospitalized with Covid-19 showed that those who received remdesivir had a median recovery time of 11 days, compared to 15 days in the placebo group. The mortality rate was lower in the remdesivir group (7.1%) compared to the placebo group (11.9%). Serious adverse events occurred in ","qid":30,"docid":"tn2xfmry","rank":52,"score":7.909800052642822},{"content":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of remdesivir in adults hospitalized with Covid-19 showed that those who received remdesivir had a median recovery time of 11 days, compared to 15 days in the placebo group. The mortality rate was lower in the remdesivir group (7.1%) compared to the placebo group (11.9%). Serious adverse events occurred in 21.","qid":30,"docid":"uohbxoeb","rank":53,"score":7.909799098968506},{"content":"Three recent COVID-19 clinical trials were conducted on lopinavir-ritonavir and remdesivir. One trial for lopinavir-ritonavir had an inflated type I error rate due to the enrollment of additional patients. The remdesivir trial of Wang et al. failed to reach the planned sample size and used a bootstrap method for prediction. A terminal rate model and restricted mean survival time were used to analyze the data.","qid":30,"docid":"6jo4308s","rank":54,"score":7.887499809265137},{"content":"Three COVID-19 clinical trials were completed for lopinavir-ritonavir and remdesivir. One remdesivir trial showed superiority, while the other two reported no benefit. This paper identifies statistical issues in the trials and reanalyzes data using more appropriate methods. The lopinavir-ritonavir trial had an inflated type I error rate due to adding patients. The remdesivir trial of Wang et al failed to","qid":30,"docid":"bcb78jkp","rank":55,"score":7.88749885559082},{"content":"A phase 3 clinical trial is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remdesivir, a nucleoside analogue with inhibitory effects on COVID-19 virus in vitro, in adult patients with severe COVID-19. The study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial with a primary endpoint of time to clinical improvement, defined as the time from randomization to a decline of two categories on a","qid":30,"docid":"lhzcm4bt","rank":56,"score":7.870299816131592},{"content":"A phase 3 clinical trial is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remdesivir, a nucleoside analogue with inhibitory effects on COVID-19 virus in vitro, in adult patients with severe COVID-19. The study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial with a primary endpoint of time to clinical improvement, defined as the time from randomization to a decline of two categories on a","qid":30,"docid":"mur7txck","rank":57,"score":7.870298862457275},{"content":"The passage discusses the current pharmacological treatments for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The virus, which originated in Wuhan, China, in November 2019, spread rapidly around the world and there is still no approved drug or prophylaxis treatment. Several potential drug targets have been identified, but accurate testing is required due to the large amount of clinical data generated. Remdesivir and hydroxychloro","qid":30,"docid":"303b23dd","rank":58,"score":7.867400169372559},{"content":"Remdesivir is a potential treatment for COVID-19, a contagious respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Due to overlapping molecular paths in various illnesses, reusing drugs for multiple purposes can help find new cures for unforeseen diseases more quickly. Remdesivir has emerged as a strong candidate for COVID-19 treatment. This commentary explains the virus structure and remdesivir's","qid":30,"docid":"np6nfvf2","rank":59,"score":7.849999904632568},{"content":"The passage discusses an in vitro study evaluating the antiviral activities of various drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells. The tested drugs include remdesivir, lopinavir, chloroquine, umifenovir, berberine, and cyclosporine A, with estimated 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.99 \u03bcM (remdesivir), 5","qid":30,"docid":"vzyrcmu4","rank":60,"score":7.832200050354004},{"content":"A UHPLC-MS\/MS method was developed and validated for quantifying remdesivir and its metabolite GS-441524 in human plasma. Remdesivir, an antiviral drug with activity against SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly converted to the active form in PBMCs while GS-441524 remains in plasma for up to 24 hours. The method, which was","qid":30,"docid":"bpou9p89","rank":61,"score":7.814300060272217},{"content":"A UHPLC-MS\/MS method was developed and validated for quantifying remdesivir and its metabolite GS-441524 in human plasma. Remdesivir, an antiviral drug, is rapidly converted to its active form in PBMCs while GS-441524 remains in plasma for up to 24 hours. The method involved protein precipitation, chromatographic separation using an Acquity","qid":30,"docid":"w3iis2sd","rank":62,"score":7.8142991065979},{"content":"The study utilizes human reconstituted airway epithelial models of nasal and bronchial origin to characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealing the antiviral efficacy of remdesivir and the potential therapeutic benefits of the remdesivir-diltiazem combination.","qid":30,"docid":"bw9lbzvt","rank":63,"score":7.779099941253662},{"content":"A number of antivirals are being explored for the treatment of COVID-19, but few have shown effective results due to the challenges of targeting RNA respiratory viruses. Remdesivir, which has shown in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, has shown promising results in hospitalized patients with shortened recovery time and a modest decrease in mortality. It is currently in phase III clinical trials, as well as through the compassionate use","qid":30,"docid":"eaqxifxu","rank":64,"score":7.766499996185303},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of comedication on COVID-19 patients and current treatment options. NSAIDs should be avoided in severe cases due to potential side effects. Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors should be continued if indicated and stopped in case of hemodynamic issues. Chloroquine and remdesivir are possible treatments with no definitive evidence for their effectiveness. Chloroquine has side effects and drug interactions, and treatment","qid":30,"docid":"e3clp17r","rank":65,"score":7.743000030517578},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to evaluate the potential anti-coronavirus effect of remdesivir on COVID-19 and other coronaviruses based on current evidence. While remdesivir showed promise in laboratory experiments and compassionate use reports, further clarification is needed through high-quality clinical trials to establish its safety and effectiveness in humans.","qid":30,"docid":"4el6qq3n","rank":66,"score":7.725500106811523},{"content":"A rapid review was conducted to evaluate the potential anti-coronavirus effect of remdesivir on COVID-19 and other coronaviruses based on current evidence. While remdesivir showed promise in laboratory experiments and compassionate use reports, further clarification is needed through high-quality clinical trials to establish its safety and effectiveness in humans.","qid":30,"docid":"a0drmmf7","rank":67,"score":7.725499153137207},{"content":"A critically ill obstetric patient with COVID-19 was successfully treated with convalescent plasma therapy and remdesivir. The patient was in critical condition and both treatments were used as late additions to her care. She improved after initiating remdesivir therapy, was extubated five days later, and transitioned to room air the next day. She was discharged upon completion of remdesivir treatment. Remdesivir is a novel therapeutic","qid":30,"docid":"6wwmbgw7","rank":68,"score":7.7204999923706055},{"content":"A critically ill obstetric patient with COVID-19 was successfully treated with convalescent plasma therapy and remdesivir. The patient was in critical condition and both treatments were used as late additions to her care. She improved after initiation of remdesivir therapy, was extubated five days later, and transitioned to room air the next day. She was discharged upon completion of remdesivir treatment. Remdesivir is a novel therapeut","qid":30,"docid":"fxi8ss2s","rank":69,"score":7.720499038696289},{"content":"This study, conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan, Italy, examined the use of remdesivir to treat SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in both ICU and non-ICU patients. Of the 35 patients enrolled between February 23 and March 20, 2020, 18 were in ICU and 17 in the infectious diseases ward. The primary outcome was assessed using a 7","qid":30,"docid":"pdc3bv33","rank":70,"score":7.6875},{"content":"Two phase-III clinical trials of remdesivir versus placebo in treating severe COVID-19 patients were conducted in Wuhan hospitals during the pandemic crisis. The trials, monitored using Dynamic Data Monitoring (DDM) tool, demonstrated its efficiency and reliability in supporting Data Safety Monitoring Boards' (DSMB) instantaneous review of essential data. The authors comment on the study design and suggest remdesivir's potential treatment effect based on statistical analysis of","qid":30,"docid":"bz3i0q7a","rank":71,"score":7.6869001388549805},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led researchers to explore effective anti-viral treatments. Several drugs like ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir\/ritonavir, azithromycin, doxycycline, and ivermectin, as well as chloroquine, have been suggested for COVID-19 treatment. Chloroquine enhances Zn's","qid":30,"docid":"efisqc5x","rank":72,"score":7.652500152587891},{"content":"Remdesivir is a nucleoside antiviral under investigation for COVID-19 treatment, with conflicting data from observational and prospective studies necessitating careful evaluation to determine optimal patient populations for therapy, particularly during drug shortages. This review examines relevant clinical data for COVID-19 patients from January 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020.","qid":30,"docid":"ioqvxhar","rank":73,"score":7.650300025939941},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of comedication on COVID-19 and current treatment options. NSAIDs should be avoided in severe cases due to potential side effects. Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors should be continued if indicated and stopped in case of hemodynamic issues. Chloroquine and remdesivir are possible treatments with no definitive evidence for effectiveness. Chloroquine has side effects and drug interactions, and treatment should be","qid":30,"docid":"0svdq020","rank":74,"score":7.642300128936768},{"content":"Remdesivir effectively prevented and treated MERS-CoV infection in rhesus macaques, reducing clinical signs, virus replication, and lung lesions. Prophylactic treatment before infection prevented disease and lung damage, while therapeutic treatment after infection still provided benefits. These findings suggest potential for remdesivir in MERS clinical trials and against other coronaviruses like 2019-nCoV.","qid":30,"docid":"x1fzgiy6","rank":75,"score":7.632699966430664},{"content":"Remdesivir effectively prevented and treated MERS-CoV infection in rhesus macaques, reducing clinical signs, virus replication, and lung lesions. Prophylactic treatment before infection prevented disease and lung damage, while therapeutic treatment after infection still provided benefits. These findings support further testing of remdesivir in clinical trials for MERS and potentially other coronaviruses like 2019-nCoV.","qid":30,"docid":"x50tvq3a","rank":76,"score":7.632699012756348},{"content":"A total of 53 out of 61 patients with severe Covid-19, who received compassionate-use remdesivir between January 25, 2020, and March 7, 2020, had their data analyzed. Of these, 30 patients were on mechanical ventilation and 4 on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at baseline. During a median follow-up of 18 days, 36","qid":30,"docid":"kxds6r7t","rank":77,"score":7.6234002113342285},{"content":"A total of 53 out of 61 patients with severe Covid-19, who received compassionate-use remdesivir between January 25, 2020, and March 7, 2020, had their data analyzed. Of these, 30 patients were on mechanical ventilation and 4 on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at baseline. During a median follow-up of 18 days, 36","qid":30,"docid":"oyr4klqk","rank":78,"score":7.623399257659912},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of clear summaries of treatment effects in clinical trials for COVID-19, particularly in relation to the end point of time to a positive outcome. The use of common survival analysis techniques, such as the Kaplan-Meier method, is not appropriate for this end point due to the competing risk problem of patients dying before recovery or improvement. The passage suggests using the cumulative recovery or improvement rate curve to estimate treatment effects, which is presented using examples of remdes","qid":30,"docid":"96xerchf","rank":79,"score":7.587200164794922},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of clear summaries of treatment effects in clinical trials for COVID-19, particularly in relation to the end point of time to a positive outcome such as recovery or improvement. The use of common survival analysis techniques, like the Kaplan-Meier method, is not appropriate for these situations due to the competing risk problem of patients dying before recovery. Instead, the article suggests using the cumulative recovery or improvement rate curve to estimate treatment effects, which is presented using examples","qid":30,"docid":"vdypu76r","rank":80,"score":7.5871992111206055},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a global health crisis with no validated drugs for effective treatment in large-scale studies. Remdesivir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, is the most promising antiviral agent in clinical trials. Favipiravir, another RdRp inhibitor, and the protease inhibitor lopinavir\/ritonavir","qid":30,"docid":"j8n06hzx","rank":81,"score":7.583600044250488},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus began in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread globally. No drugs have been validated to effectively treat COVID-19 patients in large-scale studies. Remdesivir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, is the most promising antiviral agent and is currently being studied in a large-scale trial. Favipiravir","qid":30,"docid":"qsd49pvm","rank":82,"score":7.583599090576172},{"content":"This study, conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan, Italy, examined the use of remdesivir to treat SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in both ICU and non-ICU patients. The study involved 35 patients between February 23 and March 20, 2020. The primary outcome was the change in clinical status based on a 7-category ordinal scale. At day 28, 14","qid":30,"docid":"nzxbogga","rank":83,"score":7.583000183105469},{"content":"Three randomized clinical trials on COVID-19 treatments with lopinavir-ritonavir and remdesivir were completed, with one reporting the superiority of remdesivir and the other two showing no benefit. However, statistical issues in the design and analysis of these trials were identified, including inflated type I error rates, failure to reach planned sample sizes, and reliance on local information. More appropriate statistical methods, such as terminal rate models and restricted mean survival","qid":30,"docid":"nh9dzfpd","rank":84,"score":7.559599876403809},{"content":"Remdesivir (GS-5734), a novel antiviral drug, inhibits the replication of enteroviruses by impeding viral RNA and complementary RNA synthesis. This discovery extends the antiviral activity of remdesivir to enteroviruses and suggests its potential as a treatment for EV71 and other enterovirus infections. Currently in phase 3 clinical development for COVID-19 treatment, remdesivir has","qid":30,"docid":"lbnfqv77","rank":85,"score":7.553599834442139},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents a challenge due to limited treatment options and guidelines. This narrative review summarizes the effectiveness of current therapies for COVID-19, focusing on antivirals (remdesivir, favipiravir), antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine), and combination treatments (hydroxychloroquine\/azithromycin or chloroquine). Remdesivir","qid":30,"docid":"4ehhtkfn","rank":86,"score":7.528299808502197},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents a challenge due to limited treatment options and guidelines. This narrative review summarizes the effectiveness of current therapies for COVID-19, focusing on antivirals (remdesivir, favipiravir), antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine), and combination treatments (hydroxychloroquine\/azithromycin or chloroquine). Remdesivir","qid":30,"docid":"9ryu9ady","rank":87,"score":7.528298854827881},{"content":"A specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19 is currently unavailable, and most patients experience mild to moderate symptoms. However, up to 5%-10% of cases can be severe or life-threatening, necessitating the need for effective drugs. Supportive care is the primary treatment. Over 300 clinical trials are ongoing, evaluating various antiviral and immunomodulating agents for COVID-19. Some agents, such as chlor","qid":30,"docid":"4g878n13","rank":88,"score":7.513199806213379},{"content":"A specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19 is currently unavailable, and most patients have mild to moderate symptoms. However, up to 5%-10% of patients may have severe cases, necessitating the need for effective drugs. Supportive care is the main treatment. Over 300 clinical trials are ongoing, evaluating various antiviral and immunomodulating agents, some of which will be published soon. Chloroquine, hydroxych","qid":30,"docid":"qq6l6yrx","rank":89,"score":7.5131988525390625},{"content":"A multiplicity of endpoints are being used in COVID-19 trials to provide sufficient information for various decision-makers. It is a challenge to generate detailed high-quality evidence while ensuring fast availability and evaluation of results. The authors reviewed interventional COVID-19 trials on Remdesivir, Lopinavir\/ritonavir, and Hydroxychloroquine and summarized their endpoints. They propose a multistate model to harmonize heter","qid":30,"docid":"bsddxgx2","rank":90,"score":7.499899864196777},{"content":"A study shows that remdesivir and chloroquine inhibit the replication and infection of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, with remdesivir successfully treating a COVID-19 case in the US. Camostat mesylate, a clinically proven protease inhibitor, also inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevents entry into human lung cells. This review discusses pharmacological therapeutics targeting R","qid":30,"docid":"byjd8w4c","rank":91,"score":7.4868998527526855},{"content":"Remdesivir and its metabolite GS-441524 inhibit fibrotic markers and cell proliferation in renal fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Intraperitoneal or renal injection of remdesivir in UUO mice attenuates renal fibrosis without affecting renal or liver function. Remdesivir is undetectable but two metabolites are detected after injection.","qid":30,"docid":"uc3slu8q","rank":92,"score":7.453100204467773},{"content":"A review article examines potential drug therapies for COVID-19, including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, sarilumab, and lenzilumab. However, the authors conclude that there is currently no high-quality evidence to support the use of any of these drugs as effective treatments for COVID-1","qid":30,"docid":"iymmf4k6","rank":93,"score":7.444799900054932},{"content":"The study identified simeprevir, a hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor, as a promising repurposed drug for treating COVID-19, and found that it synergizes with remdesivir to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro.","qid":30,"docid":"6470qlu1","rank":94,"score":7.431399822235107},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in over 300,000 deaths and no standard medical therapy is currently validated. This paper explores old drugs with potential in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, reviewing their in vitro databases, adverse effects, and potential toxicities for feasibility in COVID-19 treatment. The US National Institute of Health's opinions on","qid":30,"docid":"hn12194u","rank":95,"score":7.430300235748291},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of old drugs as potential treatments for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has resulted in over 300,000 deaths worldwide. The paper reviews the in vitro efficacy, adverse effects, and toxicities of several drugs, including remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, and tocilizumab. These","qid":30,"docid":"mbv8vb2r","rank":96,"score":7.430299282073975},{"content":"The passage describes a study on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and its active metabolite GS-441524 in two critically ill COVID-19 patients. Remdesivir was administered intravenously, and blood, bronchoalveolar aspirate (BAS), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected to measure the concentrations of remdesivir and GS-44152","qid":30,"docid":"vachz4i9","rank":97,"score":7.425300121307373},{"content":"The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, with no proven medicines or vaccines for prevention or treatment. Several antiviral drugs, including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir, and remdesivir, are being investigated as COVID-19 treatments, with limited clinical data available. Large randomized controlled trials (RCTs","qid":30,"docid":"nedsqmr0","rank":98,"score":7.418499946594238},{"content":"The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, with no proven medicines or vaccines for prevention or treatment. Several antiviral drugs, including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir, and remdesivir, are being investigated as COVID-19 treatments, but there is a lack of complete data from large randomized clinical trials to","qid":30,"docid":"tsms3303","rank":99,"score":7.418498992919922},{"content":"Recent reports suggest that several experimental drugs have shown success in treating SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. These include lopinavir\/ritonavir in combination with oseltamivir, remdesivir, chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and darunavir\/umifenovir. Recoveries have increased significantly in China, indicating the importance","qid":30,"docid":"fgbilulc","rank":100,"score":7.377200126647949}]}
{"query":"How does the coronavirus differ from seasonal flu?","hits":[{"content":"The authors described their experience of operating a screening center for influenza A\/H1N1 cases at their emergency department in Singapore over a 50-day period. They collected clinical, laboratory, radiological, and PCR data from 1205 patients aged 16 and above and identified 31 (2.6%) H1N1 and 133 (11%) seasonal flu cases. Both groups had similar symptoms, but there were statistically","qid":31,"docid":"aksjrr8g","rank":1,"score":10.512999534606934},{"content":"The passage discusses the confusion and anxiety surrounding the coronavirus, officially named SARS-CoV-2, and the disease it causes, COVID-19. The author aims to address common questions about the virus's origin, transmission, disease causation, similarities to flu, and what a pandemic is. The abundance of conflicting information and conspiracy theories have increased public anxiety. The text promises to provide clear answers for a general audience.","qid":31,"docid":"hmvo5b0q","rank":2,"score":10.022899627685547},{"content":"The study hypothesizes that pollen, which is antiviral and allergenic, plays a role in immuno-activation and lowering the reproduction number of flu-like viruses, including COVID-19. The researchers tested the Pollen-Flu Seasonality Theory in The Netherlands for the 2016-2020 flu-like seasons, including COVID-19, and found a significant inverse association between pollen and changes in flu-like","qid":31,"docid":"8ndl8zjz","rank":3,"score":9.482600212097168},{"content":"This study focuses on modeling the extremes of hospital visits and positive flu cases using three years of data from a Swiss hospital. The authors propose using a discrete Generalized Pareto distribution for positive and negative cases and a Generalized Pareto distribution for the odds of positive cases. Their framework allows for covariate effects and robust estimation. Meteorological conditions are used to explain hospital charge extremes, and the study introduces a measure of hospital congestion and a related tool for","qid":31,"docid":"ziujiigl","rank":4,"score":9.436800003051758},{"content":"A study using a deterministic compartmental model examines the potential benefit of preemptive mass influenza vaccination during a hypothetical SARS outbreak coinciding with flu season. The model, based on the 2003 Toronto SARS outbreak, reveals that higher influenza vaccination rates could decrease the number of individuals with influenza-like-illnesses (ILIs) seeking healthcare, reducing nosocomial transmission of SARS. This could aid","qid":31,"docid":"uer59ad3","rank":5,"score":9.38759994506836},{"content":"A RT-PCR assay was developed for identifying four viruses causing acute respiratory infections in humans, including adenovirus, respiratory-syncytial virus, flu viruses A and B, and subtypes H1N1, H3, H5, and H7. The analytical sensitivity was 1 \u00d7 10(3) genome equivalents per milliliter, and diagnostic sensitivity ranged from 1 \u00d7 10","qid":31,"docid":"b3hbk43r","rank":6,"score":9.353699684143066},{"content":"This study compared the correlation between influenza activity data from Google Flu Trends, CDC Outpatient ILI Surveillance, and CDC Virus Surveillance in the US from 2003-04 to 2007-08. The correlation between Google Flu Trends and CDC Virus Surveillance was 0.72 (0.64-0.79), while that between CDC ILI Sur","qid":31,"docid":"nge1itgk","rank":7,"score":9.294099807739258},{"content":"A study conducted during the 2009 swine flu pandemic in the UK used focus groups to examine public understandings of the threat and their perceived ability to control risks. Findings showed little evidence of over-reaction, belief in the inevitability of contracting swine flu, low self-efficacy for protection, and a greater perceived risk from the vaccine than the disease. People were confused about the difference between seasonal flu and swine flu and their vaccines.","qid":31,"docid":"mg2zikyp","rank":8,"score":9.231599807739258},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that uses Wikipedia access logs and CDC influenza-like illness reports to create a weekly forecast for seasonal influenza during the 2013-2014 season. The researchers combine modern data assimilation methods with Wikipedia data to determine model bias and evaluate forecast accuracy. The results show that the method accurately predicts ILI data several weeks before it becomes available, but it does not account for re-infection or multiple strains of influ","qid":31,"docid":"9sgrw1qp","rank":9,"score":9.229999542236328},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the 2019-nCoV virus has resulted in over 2.6 million confirmed cases and 182,000 deaths worldwide, with healthcare workers among the infected. Dental professionals are at risk due to face-to-face contact with patients and exposure to body fluids. The current dental curriculum does not adequately cover infection control, particularly from airborne pathogens. To protect students and prevent infection disse","qid":31,"docid":"oe7ovqw2","rank":10,"score":9.128000259399414},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the 2019-nCoV virus has resulted in over 2.6 million confirmed cases and 182,000 deaths worldwide, with healthcare workers among the infected. Dental professionals are at risk due to face-to-face contact with patients and exposure to body fluids. The current dental curriculum does not adequately cover infection control, particularly from airborne pathogens. To protect students and prevent infection disse","qid":31,"docid":"s3s7b3j2","rank":11,"score":9.127999305725098},{"content":"A case-crossover study was conducted in Okayama city, Japan to evaluate the impact of temperature and humidity on the onset of seasonal influenza during the 2006-7 flu season. The study focused on patients diagnosed with the seasonal influenza virus at a pediatric clinic. The analysis used two references and found that lower temperatures, specifically before the 3-day incubation period, were significantly associated with an increased risk of seasonal influ","qid":31,"docid":"tnrfquse","rank":12,"score":9.103599548339844},{"content":"The passage summarizes an analysis of six pandemics, including SARS-CoV-1 and five influenza pandemics, to understand if and how subsequent waves differ from the initial waves. The study found that second waves, excluding the Spanish Flu, were typically the same height and length as the first waves and occurred in 93% of influenza pandemics and 42% of SARS-CoV-1 pandemics. Third waves","qid":31,"docid":"c44cbfvt","rank":13,"score":9.04259967803955},{"content":"The passage discusses the initial psychological responses to the Swine flu pandemic (Influenza A H1N1) in two regions, Malaysia and Europe, six days after the WHO pandemic alert level 5. The study found that Malaysians were more anxious about being infected and more likely to reduce travel, buy masks, and avoid pork. Europeans underestimated the mortality rates of seasonal flu and believed seasonal flu vaccination offered protection against swine flu. G","qid":31,"docid":"0ybn2igj","rank":14,"score":8.986599922180176},{"content":"The Oak Ridge Biosurveillance Toolkit (ORBiT) was developed to address data analytic challenges in public health surveillance using electronic health records, reimbursement claims, and self-reported health information. During the 2009-2010 H1N1 flu season, ORBiT automatically extracted spatial and temporal patterns from claims data, identifying multi-scale patterns and \"bridge regions\" contributing to flu spread across the United States, particularly in","qid":31,"docid":"dqxnc5o0","rank":15,"score":8.978799819946289},{"content":"This study used multiplex real-time PCR to diagnose and differentiate influenza species among 540 hospitalized patients in Laleh hospital during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 influenza seasons. Of the patients, 40.5% tested positive for influenza, with flu A being the dominant species in 2016-2017 and flu B in 20","qid":31,"docid":"1ykji0c8","rank":16,"score":8.971099853515625},{"content":"A Dutch study found a significant inverse correlation between pollen counts and flu-like consultations, as well as between hay fever incidence and flu consultations, suggesting that pollen may be a factor in the seasonality of flu-like epidemics. The study proposes that pollen's ability to invoke strong immune responses may make it harder for flu-like viruses to survive outside a host. The findings could have implications for understanding the potential seasonality of the Covid-19","qid":31,"docid":"q4sm3oy9","rank":17,"score":8.875300407409668},{"content":"This study described the molecular epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viruses causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) between November 2015 and February 2018. A total of 1,362 respiratory samples were collected and analyzed using the multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test. The overall positivity","qid":31,"docid":"m1j6v33y","rank":18,"score":8.840900421142578},{"content":"A Dutch study found a significant inverse correlation between pollen counts and flu-like consultations, as well as between hay fever incidence and flu consultations, suggesting that pollen may be a factor in the seasonality of flu-like epidemics. This could have implications for understanding the potential seasonality of the Covid-19 pandemic.","qid":31,"docid":"qwub35cd","rank":19,"score":8.834600448608398},{"content":"SARS, a serious respiratory disease, may resemble the flu during the upcoming flu season, making it difficult to distinguish between the two in emergency departments. Paying attention to public health trends and using rapid diagnostic tests for flu can help, but a definitive flu diagnosis rules out the risk of SARS. ED physicians should exercise caution in identifying potential SARS cases this year.","qid":31,"docid":"pnl2w4mf","rank":20,"score":8.82349967956543},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges for internists in diagnosing COVID-19 due to its lack of specific signs and symptoms, and the importance of recognizing the disease's clinical features. The authors summarize key features that may help differentiate COVID-19 from other upper respiratory and influenza-like illnesses in both outpatient and inpatient settings. They emphasize the difficulty of diagnosing COVID-19 and suggest that understanding the disease's natural history can aid","qid":31,"docid":"evv73ry1","rank":21,"score":8.700499534606934},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges for internists in diagnosing COVID-19 due to its lack of specific signs and symptoms. The authors suggest that developing an understanding of the disease's clinical features can help in differentiating it from other upper respiratory illnesses. They outline the difficulties in outpatient and inpatient settings and emphasize the importance of considering the natural history of the disease to aid in diagnosis.","qid":31,"docid":"t98ctnc2","rank":22,"score":8.700498580932617},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant trauma for businesses, bringing unprecedented challenges such as social distancing, work-from-home arrangements, and uncertain timelines for a return to normalcy.","qid":31,"docid":"uczrmgq3","rank":23,"score":8.694600105285645},{"content":"The study explores the associations between climate variables and influenza A (Flu-A) and B (Flu-B) transmissions in Shanghai, China. Mean temperature (MeanT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), relative humidity (RH), and wind velocity (Wv) data were collected from June 2012 to December 2018. The study used GLMs, DLNMs, and regression tree models to assess the","qid":31,"docid":"0oqcx0az","rank":24,"score":8.64210033416748},{"content":"This study uses clinical data with viral genetics to analyze confirmed influenza cases from the past two seasons and compares them to the vaccine strains from those years. The results show variations in case similarities to vaccine strains by geographic region and different levels of vaccine effectiveness by region. The merging of viral genetics with clinical data is demonstrated to be valuable, but further research is required to assess its impact on biosurveillance and influenza vaccine efficacy.","qid":31,"docid":"k1ysvz82","rank":25,"score":8.602399826049805},{"content":"The study aimed to examine the relationship between the COVID-19 epidemic and the decrease in seasonal influenza cases in 11 countries and regions from 2014 to 2020. The results showed a decrease in seasonal influenza cases in East Asia after the COVID-19 transmission, but this was not observed in American or European countries. The study concluded that the COVID-19 epidemic may have influenced health behaviors, leading to a reduction in season","qid":31,"docid":"l11puhp4","rank":26,"score":8.60159969329834},{"content":"The study assessed the relationship between the COVID-19 epidemic and seasonal influenza cases in 11 countries and regions from 2014 to 2020. The results showed a decrease in seasonal influenza cases in East Asia after the COVID-19 transmission, but this was not observed in American or European countries. The study concluded that the COVID-19 epidemic may have altered health behaviors, leading to a reduction in seasonal influenza cases","qid":31,"docid":"luloic87","rank":27,"score":8.565899848937988},{"content":"A study of 2,040 individuals in Sweden during the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic examined the impact of pre-existing flu responses, symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI), and pandemic flu vaccination on immune responses. Previous seasonal flu vaccination was linked to lower flu-specific IFN-\u03b3 responses at study entry. Pandemic flu vaccination induced long-lived T-cell responses to various influenza strains","qid":31,"docid":"i7v9l6ii","rank":28,"score":8.520999908447266},{"content":"In a Brazilian slum during 2005-2006, 282 children with acute respiratory tract infection were studied. Real-time RT-PCR identified 15 viruses, with HRV (33.0%) and hRSV (12.1%) being the most common. Coinfections occurred in 28.3% of cases. Seasonality was observed for hRSV, HRV, and human","qid":31,"docid":"vo755hxj","rank":29,"score":8.475199699401855},{"content":"This paper compares the impacts of SARS and Avian Flu on international tourist arrivals to Asia based on the number of human deaths. The study uses a static line fixed effect model and a difference transformation dynamic model to examine the short-run and long-run relationships. The results indicate that the short-run and long-run impact of SARS on international tourist arrivals is greater than that of Avian Flu. Additionally, the study suggests that SARS has a","qid":31,"docid":"0ln9r2nq","rank":30,"score":8.469499588012695},{"content":"The article explores how health news in Taiwanese newspapers is framed and the impact of different frames on perceptions. A study found that health news, including H1N1 flu news, often uses alarm frames, leading to increased fear, perceived severity, and vulnerability, but not necessarily improving prevention and treatment efficacy. Public surveys revealed that greater attention and exposure to televised H1N1 flu news coverage resulted in more worry and perceived severity, but not necessarily increased issue","qid":31,"docid":"n1vn4fuy","rank":31,"score":8.447199821472168},{"content":"A study was conducted in France to examine factors influencing the intention to get vaccinated against pandemic influenza A\/H1N1. Over 60% of the 1001 interviewed individuals and parents planned to get vaccinated. Factors predicting vaccination intention were level of worry, risk perception, and previous experience with seasonal flu vaccines. The similar perception of risk between pandemic and seasonal flu may result in low vaccination rates. To increase vaccination,","qid":31,"docid":"334qzbqk","rank":32,"score":8.430100440979004},{"content":"The passage discusses the underestimated prevalence and impact of Hospital Associated Respiratory Virus Infections (HARVI) in patients of all ages, which occur both during and outside of the influenza season.","qid":31,"docid":"8f6n5m2y","rank":33,"score":8.354999542236328},{"content":"The 2019-2020 influenza season in the United States exhibited lower than expected main epidemic peaks, hypothesized to be due to interactions with COVID-19. An analysis of influenza-like illness data found a smaller and earlier than expected peak, and a decrease associated with increased COVID-19 risk perception. A 5% reduction in transmission was sufficient to reproduce the observed flu dynamics, suggesting precautionary behaviors or isolation due to undet","qid":31,"docid":"f3ds1rq6","rank":34,"score":8.305399894714355},{"content":"The passage compares the number of deaths caused by COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in New York City from February 1 to April 18, 2020. Using raw death counts for COVID-19 and assumptions about underreported influenza deaths, COVID-19 caused approximately 21.4 times more deaths than seasonal influenza. Excess mortality data also showed a similar ratio of 21.1 COVID-19 to season","qid":31,"docid":"wtqwghon","rank":35,"score":8.305398941040039},{"content":"A randomized, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy of exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans (EAP) in reducing the duration and severity of cold and flu symptoms in healthy adults. Over 8 weeks, participants took one capsule daily of either EAP or a placebo. The study found that EAP significantly decreased the duration of cold and flu symptoms, although symptom levels were not significantly different between groups. No","qid":31,"docid":"ktet18wl","rank":36,"score":8.144100189208984},{"content":"During the \"flu season,\" the flu is not the only illness going around. A 6-year-old boy in a class mentioned a \"bug\" causing a stuffy nose, showing children's misunderstanding of the term due to adult usage.","qid":31,"docid":"lj34u0hs","rank":37,"score":7.934700012207031},{"content":"The study examines the effect of subsidies on the uptake rate of influenza vaccines among the elderly in Japan using data from 2001\/2002 to 2004\/2005. The findings suggest that price elasticity of demand for the vaccine is nearly zero on a national level and in urban areas, but is -1.07 in rural areas. These results raise questions about the rationale for subsidies,","qid":31,"docid":"xzmg7k4e","rank":38,"score":7.922299861907959},{"content":"A study in Paris hospitals tested the impact of prior seasonal coronavirus infections on SARS-CoV-2 infections and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) in children. Of the 775 enrolled children, 11.7% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from April to June. Neutralizing antibodies were present in 55.6% of seropositive children","qid":31,"docid":"49q2xxkw","rank":39,"score":7.888599872589111},{"content":"A study was conducted in East Africa to assess the seasonality of coronavirus shedding in bats, as this information could help mitigate potential spillover and disease emergence while supporting bat conservation. The research involved sampling hundreds of bats from various species and found that coronavirus shedding is more common when pups are becoming independent from their mothers and juvenile bats are shedding the viruses. These findings could guide policy to prevent spillover by identifying high","qid":31,"docid":"6znmkvy9","rank":40,"score":7.849800109863281},{"content":"An epidemiological study was conducted to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses, including new viruses, in hospitalized children in Austria. Of the 214 nasopharyngeal samples tested, a PIV1 outbreak was identified, moderate RSV activity, and few adenoviruses were present. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was detected in 14.5% of samples, mostly in combination with PIV1 or","qid":31,"docid":"c3g3hrm2","rank":41,"score":7.8414998054504395},{"content":"A study developed a mathematical model to assess the impact of mass influenza vaccination and public health interventions on COVID-19 epidemics during the influenza season. With COVID-19 symptoms similar to a cold and limited detection capability, a coincidence of the two outbreaks could strain healthcare systems and increase nosocomial transmission. The model demonstrates that increasing influenza vaccine uptake or enhancing public health interventions can help manage respiratory outbreaks during peak flu season","qid":31,"docid":"9m10jl7r","rank":42,"score":7.832399845123291},{"content":"A study developed a mathematical model to assess the impact of mass influenza vaccination and public health interventions on COVID-19 epidemics during the influenza season. The model focuses on individuals with influenza-like-illness (ILI) symptoms, who may have COVID-19 or other respiratory infections, and occupy limited detection kits. The study shows that increasing influenza vaccine uptake or enhancing public health interventions can help manage respir","qid":31,"docid":"epzu032t","rank":43,"score":7.832398891448975},{"content":"A study examined the prevalence of fever-range temperatures during morning hours compared to evening hours during seasonal influenza outbreaks and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The findings suggest that morning temperatures are less diagnostic for fever and may result in under-detection of infectious diseases. The authors recommend considering twice-daily temperature screens instead of once-daily morning screens for disease surveillance. Further research is needed to apply these findings to COVID-19.","qid":31,"docid":"quf99rxo","rank":44,"score":7.823299884796143},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted on 200 lung tissue samples from children who died from severe respiratory infections between 1985 and 2005. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses types 1-3. Viruses were found in 71 (35.5%) cases","qid":31,"docid":"0ui7t51g","rank":45,"score":7.719799995422363},{"content":"The passage introduces Social Network Enabled Flu Trends (SNEFT), a framework that monitors flu-related messages on social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook to track influenza trends in real-time. Text mining enhances the correlation between OSN data and Influenza like Illness (ILI) rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). An auto-regression with exogenous input (ARX) model is used","qid":31,"docid":"dg53ss0q","rank":46,"score":7.711599826812744},{"content":"A multiplex PCR test (xTAG\u2122RVP) was evaluated for its ability to detect new influenza viruses, including the H1N1 swine influenza A\/swine\/California\/04\/2009. In a laboratory study using retrospective and prospective specimens, the test detected H1N1 swine flu in all 20 patients and also identified the H5N1 A\/Vietnam\/120","qid":31,"docid":"ko0gp2nd","rank":47,"score":7.704100131988525},{"content":"This study aimed to investigate the phenomenon of virus interference, which can impact the effectiveness of influenza vaccines by increasing the risk of other respiratory viruses. Using data from Department of Defense personnel during the 2017\u20132018 influenza season, the study compared respiratory virus status among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. The results showed no significant association between influenza vaccination and virus interference. However, examining specific respiratory viruses","qid":31,"docid":"30r8zd0l","rank":48,"score":7.672900199890137},{"content":"Swine influenza A(H1N1) virus has spread to 74 countries in 6 weeks, with Australia having the third highest infection rate among the top five affected nations. Younger age groups are more likely to be affected, and those hospitalized or dying from the virus often have predisposing risk factors. The low case-fatality rate raises questions about managing the outbreak, and it's unclear how an upcoming vaccine will be distributed.","qid":31,"docid":"v0m81d27","rank":49,"score":7.613100051879883},{"content":"A study was conducted in an emergency department (ED) to test a new technology that automatically collects body temperatures during triage as a potential surveillance tool for febrile diseases. Over a period of 2 years, 71,865 body temperatures were collected and analyzed, revealing peak fever rates during the 2009-2010 H1N1 pandemic and the 2010-2011 seasonal flu outbreak. The results corresponded","qid":31,"docid":"ripmj8t9","rank":50,"score":7.605199813842773},{"content":"A study using a peptide microarray containing the entire H1N1 influenza virus proteome identified unique IgG epitope recognition patterns in serum from individuals who contracted H1N1 infection versus those vaccinated with Pandemrix\u00ae. The infection generated IgG reactivity to specific epitopes of the neuraminidase protein, while the vaccine elicited recognition of a novel epitope on the haemagglutinin receptor-","qid":31,"docid":"vrbsbwgv","rank":51,"score":7.589700222015381},{"content":"The European project I-MOVE, led by the ECDC, monitored vaccine effectiveness against influenza and other respiratory viruses during the 2010\/2011 season in Poland. Of the 210 samples tested, 72.4% were positive. Influenza type A and B were detected in 43 and 38 cases, respectively. However, 71 samples tested positive for other respiratory viruses","qid":31,"docid":"7lu6c91t","rank":52,"score":7.587399959564209},{"content":"A study was conducted with 54 older people in South Wales (UK) to understand their views on the symptoms and causes of colds and flu, with a focus on why they might accept or reject the flu vaccine. While the common cold is caused by various respiratory viruses and flu by the influenza virus in biomedical discourse, lay people's views on diagnosis and epidemiology diverge. Symptoms overlap, but lay people place more emphasis on \"res","qid":31,"docid":"uheb2cvg","rank":53,"score":7.5609002113342285},{"content":"During the 1994-1995 winter season in the Rhone-Alpes region of France, 962 nasal swab samples from patients with acute flu-like illness were collected and analyzed for the presence of respiratory viruses. A total of 36.1% of samples tested positive for one or more viruses, including 108 RSV, 64 influenza A H3N2, 47 influ","qid":31,"docid":"2b32hntu","rank":54,"score":7.546299934387207},{"content":"Two patients, COVID-19 patients A and B, were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in China Medical University Hospital in central Taiwan in late January 2020. They had mild symptoms of fever, persistent cough, and lung interstitial infections. Both patients were infected through contact with Taiwan No. 19, a confirmed COVID-19 case. The results of FilmArray\u2122 Respiratory Panel revealed that 22 of the ","qid":31,"docid":"kxnm8l2z","rank":55,"score":7.545000076293945},{"content":"Two patients, COVID-19 patients A and B, were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in China Medical University Hospital in central Taiwan in late January 2020. They had mild symptoms of fever, persistent cough, and lung interstitial infections. Both patients were infected through contact with Taiwan No. 19 case patient. The results of FilmArray Respiratory Panel revealed that 22 of the 41 non-COVID-","qid":31,"docid":"ryojd2b3","rank":56,"score":7.544999122619629},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to understand the relevance of Person-Generated Health Data (PGHD) for early detection, monitoring, and management of COVID-19 using data from a large-scale digital participatory surveillance study. Three cohorts were derived: individuals diagnosed with flu before the pandemic, those diagnosed during the pandemic, and those diagnosed with COVID-19. Self-reported symptoms, demographic data, comorbidities, and physiological parameters from commercial","qid":31,"docid":"2bz9u8k0","rank":57,"score":7.532100200653076},{"content":"The study aimed to compare the community burden and severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza across different age groups and years. Using data from five cohorts in England (2006-11), they found that on average, 18% of unvaccinated people were infected with influenza each winter, resulting in 69 respiratory illnesses per 100 person-influenza-seasons. However, only 23% of these","qid":31,"docid":"v056i6g7","rank":58,"score":7.5258002281188965},{"content":"Two international cohort studies, FLU 002 and FLU 003, were initiated in 2009 to assess outcomes and risk factors for progression of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. A total of 982 patients were enrolled, with 590 outpatients and 392 inpatients. Disease progression was defined as hospitalization and\/or death for outpat","qid":31,"docid":"82m3w06s","rank":59,"score":7.486100196838379},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential influence of weather conditions and seasons on the spread of COVID-19. There is evidence that viral pathogens, including coronaviruses, spread more easily in cold weather. The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly and had high mortality rates in countries with low temperatures. It is uncertain if the number of COVID-19 cases will decrease in northern hemisphere countries during the summer or if warmer weather will limit the spread in southern hem","qid":31,"docid":"eiek6olk","rank":60,"score":7.4704999923706055},{"content":"This passage discusses the use of a Gaussian\u2013type regression model to study and predict influenza cases in France based on influenza-like-illness data. The model improves disease surveillance and shows a correlation between high intensity outbreaks and early peak times. However, the limited availability of data reduces the ability to predict unobserved cases. The findings align with influenza outbreak dynamics in the US.","qid":31,"docid":"zw6qf621","rank":61,"score":7.438399791717529},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO SARI criteria for detecting ten different respiratory viruses in a Middle Eastern pediatric cohort. The data was collected from a prospective acute respiratory surveillance study of hospitalized children under two years in Amman, Jordan. The sensitivity and specificity of the SARI criteria for detecting virus-positive patients were 44% and 77.9%, respectively. The sensitivity","qid":31,"docid":"g2oc32dm","rank":62,"score":7.392099857330322},{"content":"This study compared the fecal microbiota of rabbits from different settings, including commercial meat, companion, laboratory, and shelter. The predominant bacterial phylum was Firmicutes, with Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes also commonly identified. Significant differences in composition were noted between commercial, companion, laboratory, and shelter rabbit samples, as well as between summer and winter samples. Age of the rabbit had minimal impact","qid":31,"docid":"qhc8b5x1","rank":63,"score":7.382699966430664},{"content":"During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, an independent Rapid Flu Clinic Service (RFCS) unit outside the emergency department (ED) relieved crowding by processing 6,152 patients with influenza-like illness in an average of 50 minutes, shorter than regular ED services (3.5 hours) and ambulatory services (1 hour). Eighty-eight percent of patients were satisfied. Factors associated with positive influenza","qid":31,"docid":"aqif7q3n","rank":64,"score":7.358399868011475},{"content":"The Xpert Flu A Panel, a molecular point-of-care (POC) test by Cepheid, was evaluated for influenza A virus detection and subtyping, specifically for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. The study compared its analytical reactivity, sensitivity, and specificity with in-house real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The Xpert Flu A Panel detected various influenza A viruses (","qid":31,"docid":"asf5c7xu","rank":65,"score":7.35290002822876},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) patients by examining previous coronavirus outbreaks and influenza pandemics. Using a data mining approach, the study aimed to answer questions regarding the severity of coinfection (TB and SARS-CoV-2), the effect of TB vaccines on COVID-19, and diagnostic reliability. The findings suggest that infection control is crucial for TB","qid":31,"docid":"gh58t6eh","rank":66,"score":7.326099872589111},{"content":"The Hajj, the largest annual mass gathering event, increases the risk of various infections due to factors such as diverse nationalities, high temperatures, flu season, communal living conditions, and lack of food control. Respiratory and ENT infections, influenza, pyogenic pneumonia, whooping cough, tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis, waterborne infections, pyoderma, and furuncles are common. Pre","qid":31,"docid":"8sp12c7z","rank":67,"score":7.322400093078613},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings of a study examining the impact of social distancing, face masks, and hand washing on decreasing influenza cases during the 2020 season in China, Italy, and the United States. Compared to the average of the last 4 years, there was a significantly larger decline in flu cases in these countries, which correlated with an increase in COVID-19 cases. This decrease in flu cases translates to a substantial reduction in morbid","qid":31,"docid":"jitmsez2","rank":68,"score":7.31879997253418},{"content":"The study aimed to determine if young adults with the IFITM3 rs12252 CC genotype have pre-existing antibody responses to seasonal influenza infections before receiving a seasonal vaccination. The results showed that CC donors had higher levels of pre-existing antibodies to pandemic influenza H1N1\/09 virus compared to CT\/TT donors before vaccination. However, there was no impact of IFITM3 genotype on boost","qid":31,"docid":"msdyszr1","rank":69,"score":7.298900127410889},{"content":"A case report of a cystic fibrosis patient who experienced severe respiratory and renal failure due to influenza A non-H1N1 infection in June 2015, despite being previously vaccinated. The circulating A (H3N2) viruses were different from the vaccine component in the 2014-2015 seasonal influenza vaccines. The patient required mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis, and recovered after","qid":31,"docid":"q8pagn56","rank":70,"score":7.296899795532227},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study on the local spread of Influenza A\/H3N2 within Basel, Switzerland during the 2016\/2017 season. The researchers collected genetic sequences and patient metadata to understand the transmission dynamics of the virus. They found that repeated introductions into the city drove the influenza season, and transmission dynamics were positively correlated with temperature. The elderly mainly transmitted within their own network, while school-aged children were important","qid":31,"docid":"e8dd0bw1","rank":71,"score":7.293399810791016},{"content":"A study investigates the impact of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of human influenza using a deterministic transmission and vaccination model. The model includes the effect of media coverage on reported infections and vaccinations. Results show that media coverage can trigger a vaccinating panic if vaccines are imperfect and simplified messages lead to vaccinated individuals mixing with infectives without considering disease risk. The study concludes that media understandings of disease epidemiology, particularly simplified messages, can wors","qid":31,"docid":"vg42z900","rank":72,"score":7.24560022354126},{"content":"A study was conducted in Gansu Province, China, from January 1st to December 30th, 2011, to investigate the viral etiology and clinical characteristics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children. Of the 279 patients admitted for ARIs, 105 (37.6%) were positive for at least one respiratory viral pathogen. A total of 136 path","qid":31,"docid":"yn2j21ka","rank":73,"score":7.243100166320801},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential impact of seasonal variation on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from seasonal coronaviruses and simulations, the authors suggest that there could be small and large peaks in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in early 2020 and winter 2020\/2021, respectively. Seasonal variation and infection control efforts may lead","qid":31,"docid":"28sgnyh1","rank":74,"score":7.232100009918213},{"content":"A study on the potential impact of seasonal variation on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic suggests that data from endemic coronaviruses indicate a strong seasonal pattern, which could result in small and larger peaks in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in early 2020 and winter 2020\/2021, respectively. The uncertainty in parameters is large, but scenarios suggest transient reductions in incidence rates could be due to","qid":31,"docid":"3p2dl8yf","rank":75,"score":7.2320990562438965},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential impact of seasonal variation on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from endemic coronaviruses and simulations, the authors suggest that there could be small and large peaks in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in early 2020 and winter 2020\/2021, respectively. Seasonal variation and infection control efforts may lead","qid":31,"docid":"ac0whd9v","rank":76,"score":7.23209810256958},{"content":"Some diseases like polio and influenza follow seasonal patterns, and ongoing research suggests causes including environmental changes and variations in the human immune system. Understanding these factors could help minimize the impact of infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19.","qid":31,"docid":"zespmk29","rank":77,"score":7.208899974822998},{"content":"The passage discusses three approaches to estimate the cumulative incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 cases in the US during the early outbreak, using excess influenza-like illness reports, COVID-19 test statistics, and COVID-19 mortality reports. The estimates suggest that reported positive test counts underestimated the actual case numbers, with state-level estimates ranging from 5 to 50 times greater and a national estimate of 2.2 to 8.1","qid":31,"docid":"4i0gici7","rank":78,"score":7.208399772644043},{"content":"The study aimed to evaluate the differences in information-seeking trends on Lyme disease from two Internet medical databases, Health Library for the general public and Physician's Databases for health care professionals, in Finland from 2011 to 2015. Both databases showed similar temporal variations, but Health Library had greater fluctuations and occasional coincidences with media publications. The findings suggest that the general public's article openings could be used as a supplementary source","qid":31,"docid":"mtgj5vuk","rank":79,"score":7.206299781799316},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of Google Trends to analyze changes in information-seeking patterns during the coronavirus pandemic in the US. The study addresses four key questions: the relationship between coronavirus outbreak and internet searches, differences in search popularity across states, potential policy gaps indicated by search patterns, and the correlation between Google Trends data and real-life events. The methods used include trend analysis, geographic analyses, and Principal Component Analyses. The findings suggest","qid":31,"docid":"ysa8vb9x","rank":80,"score":7.137199878692627},{"content":"The passage discusses the lessons learned from the study of influenza A as a model system for understanding the cross-species transfer and evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The author reviews the challenges in studying SARS-CoV and then focuses on three topics related to influenza A. First, a reanalysis of data from the 1918 \"Spanish flu\" pandemic is presented to test","qid":31,"docid":"tz62llbe","rank":81,"score":7.079899787902832},{"content":"This study explores the use of Google search queries to estimate influenza-like illness (ILI) rates in real time during the 2017\/18 influenza season in the Netherlands. A retrospective analysis was conducted using weekly ILI data reported to The European Surveillance System (TESSY) and Google search query data from Google Trends. Lasso regression and cross-validation were applied to select predictors and fit 52 models, one","qid":31,"docid":"vzly6sp7","rank":82,"score":7.068999767303467},{"content":"The 2019-nCoV pandemic is spreading rapidly and it's crucial for the rehabilitation community to understand the virus and implement infection control measures due to its high infectiousness and fatalities, and the lack of a vaccine or treatment. The population has no prior immunity to this novel virus.","qid":31,"docid":"5gj4lhdj","rank":83,"score":7.059700012207031},{"content":"A fast and accurate testkit may not be necessary for mitigating a pandemic flu if sufficient medication is available. Mathematical modeling and diagnosis play crucial roles in pandemic management, but the time required to develop a fast testkit could limit its use. This study investigates the cost and effectiveness of different diagnostic methods using a city-scale model and found that conventional testing approaches with appropriate intervention policies can be as effective as fast testkits in containing a pandemic outbreak. In cases of insufficient medication and","qid":31,"docid":"sfshosp0","rank":84,"score":7.055099964141846},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges for neurologists regarding immunosuppressive treatment for patients with neuroimmunological diseases like multiple sclerosis. Previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS coronaviruses suggest that immunosuppressive therapy does not significantly impact infection or severity in many cases. Interferons, glatiramer acetate, and teriflunomide are considered safe. DMTs causing l","qid":31,"docid":"a271qgvh","rank":85,"score":7.049099922180176},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges for neurologists regarding immunosuppressive treatment for patients with neuroimmunological diseases like multiple sclerosis. Previous experience with SARS and MERS coronavirus outbreaks suggests that immunosuppressive therapy does not significantly impact infection or disease severity for most cases. However, DMTs causing lymphopenia, such as cladribine, alemtuzumab, and dimeth","qid":31,"docid":"p972f69v","rank":86,"score":7.049098968505859},{"content":"A study conducted at Max Super Speciality Hospital in New Delhi, India from March 23 to April 30, 2020, surveyed 3667 healthcare workers (HCWs) out of 18000 approached, finding that 14.7% reported flu-like symptoms and 1.8% tested positive for COVID-19. HCWs in high-risk zones had more symptoms but similar positivity rates","qid":31,"docid":"f5sf1vqk","rank":87,"score":7.023799896240234},{"content":"A study conducted at Max Super Speciality Hospital in New Delhi, India from March 23 to April 30, 2020, surveyed 3667 healthcare workers (HCWs) out of 18000 approached, finding that 14.7% reported flu-like symptoms and 1.8% tested positive for COVID-19. HCWs in high-risk zones had more symptoms but similar positivity rates","qid":31,"docid":"zdkmqqfm","rank":88,"score":7.023798942565918},{"content":"A study compared laboratory results of 719 influenza and 973 COVID-19 patients from January to April 2020. Differences in white blood cell count, hemoglobin, BUN, D-dimer, alanine transaminase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen led to clustering of COVID-19 patients into five groups. The highest risk cluster had a ","qid":31,"docid":"p38x1q8s","rank":89,"score":7.006100177764893},{"content":"A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility of asking individuals from the Flusurvey platform, an internet-based surveillance system in the UK, to perform self-swabbing for virological confirmation of influenza-like illness (ILI). Of the 51 samples received in the laboratory, 18 tested positive for a viral cause of ILI (35%). The study demonstrated the feasibility of self-swabbing for virological laboratory testing","qid":31,"docid":"rgc0o2ws","rank":90,"score":7.000199794769287},{"content":"A cross-sectional study of 34,885 Chinese children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) between 2001 and 2006 identified viruses in 32.3% of cases. The most common viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at 23.6%, parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) at 4.3%, influenza A","qid":31,"docid":"de8haxop","rank":91,"score":6.986999988555908},{"content":"This study aimed to review reported cases of COVID-19 and influenza coinfection from published literature and local data in El Paso, TX. Six published articles with a total of 13 patients and three additional cases were analyzed. Common symptoms included fever and cough, with elevated C-reactive protein and lymphocytopenia. Thirteen patients had viral pneumonia findings on CT, and nine had ground-glass opacity. Complications, most commonly acute","qid":31,"docid":"m7qoy6yq","rank":92,"score":6.97760009765625},{"content":"The passage discusses the severity of the 2017-2018 flu season and the ongoing threat of emerging and re-emerging viruses, emphasizing the importance of enhancing surveillance and research to better understand viral pathogenesis and create effective medical countermeasures.","qid":31,"docid":"r2ys94r5","rank":93,"score":6.961900234222412},{"content":"The passage discusses four human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, which were discovered between 2003 and 2005. While the discovery of these viruses may not indicate a sudden increase in new coronavirus infections, only SARS-CoV is a recent introduction to the human population. HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV","qid":31,"docid":"wgydshhj","rank":94,"score":6.952400207519531},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study that used linear regression models to estimate the weekly contribution of specific respiratory pathogens to the volume of NHS Direct respiratory calls in England and Wales from 2002 to 2004 for all ages and 0-4 year olds. The results showed annual peaks in calls for cough and difficulty breathing in late December, and peaks for 'cold\/flu' and fever calls between November and April. The main explan","qid":31,"docid":"su33vn15","rank":95,"score":6.952099800109863},{"content":"A team of infection control practitioners and consultants from a 12-hospital healthcare system in St. Louis developed a comprehensive multi-tiered influenza management plan in response to the potential for high morbidity and mortality due to influenza infections and vaccine shortages. The plan includes a core policy, checklist of recommended materials, algorithms for testing, patient placement, and healthcare worker immunization, admission screening tool, local health department line list reports, and educational","qid":31,"docid":"h2hm73u1","rank":96,"score":6.9440999031066895},{"content":"The passage discusses three main topics. First, it mentions the impact of coronavirus on animals, specifically the discovery of the virus in mink farms in the Netherlands and the United States. Second, it announces a campaign to support African laboratories in their response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, it notes that the 2020-2021 flu season has been unusually short in the Northern Hemisphere.","qid":31,"docid":"6kgliogi","rank":97,"score":6.9274001121521},{"content":"During the 2009 swine flu outbreak, many people with flu-like symptoms contacted NHS Direct in the UK for advice, most of whom did not have the illness. Reasons for seeking advice included severe symptoms, uncertainty about transmission, concern about spreading it, and pressure from others. Participants found speaking to NHS Direct reassuring, with helpful aspects being having swine flu ruled out, receiving alternative explanations, clarification on transmission, and the perceived credibility of the","qid":31,"docid":"k9qiwy1b","rank":98,"score":6.906199932098389},{"content":"The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, the deadliest epidemic in the last 120 years, is being compared to the current COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mortality patterns. Contrary to popular belief, the first wave of Spanish flu in the US in March 1918 had minimal impact on the total mortality rate. The main peak of mortality occurred in October 1918 in both the US and Italy, with a grad","qid":31,"docid":"1ca2rrrz","rank":99,"score":6.877500057220459},{"content":"This study aimed to identify factors driving self-initiated behavioral changes during the seasonal flu using data from a questionnaire completed by 434 users during the 2017-18 and 2018-19 seasons. Machine learning algorithms were used to classify participants based on features such as socio-demographic information, concerns about the flu, past illnesses, and behavioral changes. The results showed that 66% of participants with significant","qid":31,"docid":"4d9ct9a1","rank":100,"score":6.870500087738037}]}
{"query":"Does SARS-CoV-2 have any subtypes, and if so what are they?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the results of computer simulations estimating the effect of masking the general population on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 using two web-based softwares. Masks were found to be effective in reducing new cases, even with simple home-made ones, and strict adherence is not critical. Early implementation of masks helps reduce the total number of cases, and it might be possible to eliminate an outbreak with widespread mask use during a limited period. However","qid":32,"docid":"ugkxxaeb","rank":1,"score":12.04069995880127},{"content":"A review of scientific literature found limited evidence of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission. All reported cases of infection in newborns occurred when mothers were infected in the third trimester of pregnancy. No maternal deaths or unfavorable neonatal outcomes were reported. The virus was not detected in neonatal nasopharyngeal swabs, placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, breast milk, or maternal vaginal swabs","qid":32,"docid":"r7z0nxex","rank":2,"score":11.27970027923584},{"content":"The passage discusses a framework for efficiently identifying genetic subtypes of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, through the use of Informative Subtype Markers (ISMs). ISMs are identified using an entropy measure and frequency analysis of available SARS-CoV-2 sequences. These markers define a compact set of nucleotide sites that characterize the most variable positions in the viral genome. ISMs reveal covarying","qid":32,"docid":"9siu7wgs","rank":3,"score":10.865099906921387},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 is found to be similarly adapted for human transmission as late epidemic SARS-CoV, indicating it was likely pre-adapted by the time it was first detected in late 2019. No less human-adapted SARS-CoV-2 progenitors have been found. The sudden emergence of a highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 is a concern, and any existing pools","qid":32,"docid":"sphwclzs","rank":4,"score":10.784099578857422},{"content":"Scientists worldwide are working on treatments and vaccinations for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with uncertainty surrounding which approaches will be effective. The coronavirus's unknown characteristics make finding successful therapies a challenge, requiring a trial-and-error approach. Listen to the Stereo Chemistry podcast for more information at cenmag\/coronapodcast.","qid":32,"docid":"m5brxspf","rank":5,"score":10.633000373840332},{"content":"The passage discusses the confusion and anxiety surrounding the coronavirus, officially named SARS-CoV-2, and the disease it causes, COVID-19. The author aims to address common questions about the virus's origin, transmission, disease causation, similarities to flu, and what a pandemic is. The abundance of conflicting information and conspiracy theories have increased public anxiety. The text promises to provide clear answers for a general audience.","qid":32,"docid":"hmvo5b0q","rank":6,"score":10.20419979095459},{"content":"The Coronavirus Pandemic: A Global Concern\n\nThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). First identified in Hubei province, China, it has since spread globally, resulting in over 2 million confirmed cases and 139,000 deaths","qid":32,"docid":"k6hh7yft","rank":7,"score":10.1274995803833},{"content":"Derek Lowe discusses potential small-molecule therapies for the coronavirus epidemic, focusing on repurposed drugs that are already approved for human use due to the time and cost savings of clinical trials. The most advanced therapy is remdesivir from Gilead, which has been in development for a few years as an RNA virus therapy and has shown effectiveness against related coronaviruses. Remdesivir works by getting incorporated into viral RNA and inhib","qid":32,"docid":"ol0bj3hs","rank":8,"score":9.93120002746582},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop an in silico multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Previous coronaviruses, SARS and MERS, also posed health and economic threats but no specific drugs or vaccines have been developed. Spike glycoproteins in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV are similar, with SARS-CoV-","qid":32,"docid":"023h20vk","rank":9,"score":9.828399658203125},{"content":"In this study, two subtypes of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2a and -b, were identified through a novel synonymous mutation of D614G in the S gene. This mutation, located in a B-cell epitope in the S1 domain, may impact the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the virus. SARS-CoV-2b strains showed reduced antigenic","qid":32,"docid":"1sbnewog","rank":10,"score":9.812700271606445},{"content":"A systematic review of 155 pregnant women and 118 neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection found similar severe case rates in pregnant women as in the general population, but a high frequency of cesarean deliveries. Accurate data interpretation is challenging due to limited data and varying methodologies.","qid":32,"docid":"3mriioxy","rank":11,"score":9.799500465393066},{"content":"A systematic review of 155 pregnant women and 118 neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection found similar severe case rates in pregnant women as in the general population, but a high frequency of cesarean deliveries. Accurate data interpretation is challenging due to limited data and varying methodologies.","qid":32,"docid":"be5m8j6u","rank":12,"score":9.79949951171875},{"content":"The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is more contagious and deadly than other coronaviruses that infect humans, such as those causing the common cold and SARS and MERS epidemics. SARS-CoV is the closest relative to SARS-CoV-2 and caused the SARS epidemic in 2002-2003, infecting over 8,000 people. The","qid":32,"docid":"to4b993l","rank":13,"score":9.79740047454834},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of cash flow management for businesses during economic downturns, such as recessions. Business owners often focus on income statement performance but neglect the balance sheet. The article suggests using four tools to better understand cash flow: identifying cash inflows and outflows, analyzing profit margin trends, managing customer and supplier cash flows, and implementing cash management strategies. The passage also mentions the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential threat to businesses and offers these tools as a","qid":32,"docid":"if4w9vg4","rank":14,"score":9.784799575805664},{"content":"A Real-time GPS tracking app is being developed for ambulances transporting COVID-19 patients to help traffic police ensure safe distancing and faster movement within the city. The app is essential due to the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the need for proper monitoring and quarantining of infected patients.","qid":32,"docid":"ek1m4yiy","rank":15,"score":9.777799606323242},{"content":"The passage discusses the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and the need to understand if aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) increase the risk of transmission for healthcare workers. Currently, there is limited evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 and specific procedures, and guidelines should consider the risk of transmitting related pathogens. The review aims to summarize the evidence (or lack thereof) regarding AGPs and","qid":32,"docid":"t2j7tq92","rank":16,"score":9.707099914550781},{"content":"The passage discusses the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the need to understand if aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) increase the risk of transmission. Currently, there is limited evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 and specific procedures, and guidelines should consider the risk of transmitting related pathogens. The review aims to summarize the evidence (or lack thereof) around AGPs and SARS-CoV-2.","qid":32,"docid":"vklc2ocs","rank":17,"score":9.707098960876465},{"content":"The passage discusses the analysis of past studies on ultraviolet (UV) radiation doses required to inactivate coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The results show significant variations, which are mainly due to experimental conditions rather than the coronaviruses themselves. The estimated upper limit for the UV radiation dose needed for a 90% reduction (log-reduction dose) is approximately 10.6 mJ\/cm2, but the","qid":32,"docid":"kpz0o1ag","rank":18,"score":9.64109992980957},{"content":"The study compared interferon (IFN) production in response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) and traditional IFN-inducing viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Newcastle viruses (NDV)). Results showed that SARS-CoV induced lower synthesis of IFN-\u03b1, -\u03b2, and -\u03b3 than VSV and NDV. The","qid":32,"docid":"zr495eff","rank":19,"score":9.617400169372559},{"content":"A 50-year-old HIV-positive man with a COVID-19 diagnosis was found dead at home, five weeks after exhibiting symptoms. Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) of his lungs revealed deterioration beyond typical post-mortem findings, resembling acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with histologically identified inflammation and binuclear lymphocytes. Additional findings included acute liver dyst","qid":32,"docid":"iwkuwnun","rank":20,"score":9.521400451660156},{"content":"A new functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been identified as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This discovery will aid in the development of antivirals and vaccines against SARS, as well as provide new tools for studying the virus's pathogenesis and potentially identifying its animal reservoir.","qid":32,"docid":"d11ua0oh","rank":21,"score":9.408599853515625},{"content":"The SARS-CoV open reading frame 3a protein, a structural protein with no sequence homology to known coronavirus proteins, was found to have similarities to the coronavirus M proteins, including their triple membrane spanning topology, Golgi localization, and interaction with E, S proteins, and each other. While the M protein is N-glycosylated, the 3a protein was found to be O-glycosylated using","qid":32,"docid":"d56ed4hw","rank":22,"score":9.408100128173828},{"content":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, long-used for malaria and rheumatoid arthritis, have been used anecdotally in the current COVID-19 pandemic due to their availability and previous success in treating SARS. The drugs are widely used in India. Pre-clinical evidence and eight clinical trials are discussed, with caution for cardiac toxicity. Current data does not recommend for or against their use, and","qid":32,"docid":"b6aeu1ph","rank":23,"score":9.34749984741211},{"content":"The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020, caused by the positive-stranded RNA betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Due to the complexity of expanding virus populations, the global SARS-CoV-2 population was subdivided into sixteen subtypes based on shared polymorphisms in nonstructural, structural, and accessory genes. Six subtypes were predominant, but all showed am","qid":32,"docid":"h0q93in1","rank":24,"score":9.298199653625488},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of preparing for pandemics in the healthcare sector, with a focus on the home and community care sector due to its increasing use and expected reliance during such events. The challenges to occupational health and safety in this sector must be addressed in any comprehensive pandemic plan to ensure the entire health system functions effectively. Failure to consider healthcare outside of institutional settings could result in an incomplete and potentially unsuccessful plan.","qid":32,"docid":"yifhgoal","rank":25,"score":9.280200004577637},{"content":"The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, which began in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has raised concerns due to its potential for international spread. While studies reveal the biological features of SARS-CoV-2, its epidemic characteristics, including incubation period, need further investigation. Currently, a 14-day isolation period is enforced for potentially exposed individuals due to reports of a long incubation time","qid":32,"docid":"mcf0zvaf","rank":26,"score":9.202300071716309},{"content":"The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan since December 2019 raised concerns due to its potential long incubation period. However, based on current data, there is no significant difference in incubation times between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. The need for larger and well-annotated datasets is emphasized to better understand the epidemic characteristics of S","qid":32,"docid":"p7ifetgw","rank":27,"score":9.202299118041992},{"content":"The study investigated the expression and role of Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human endometrial stromal cell decidualization. ACE2 protein was found to be highly expressed in human endometrial stromal cells during the secretory phase and was essential for decidualization. In vitro experiments showed that ACE2 knockdown inhibited decidualization, and in vivo studies in mice revealed that progesterone increased","qid":32,"docid":"0xyrmk5a","rank":28,"score":9.189599990844727},{"content":"A study using machine learning and algebraic topology reveals that SARS-CoV-2 has become moderately or slightly more infectious in five out of six subtypes, while one subtype has weakened infectivity. The virus is slightly more infectious than SARS-CoV based on computed S protein-ACE2 binding affinity changes. Out of 3686 possible future mutations on the S protein receptor-binding domain, most are predicted to make","qid":32,"docid":"8s8gezpz","rank":29,"score":9.17870044708252},{"content":"A study of 7818 SARS-CoV-2 genome samples collected up to May 1, 2020, revealed that all current COVID-19 diagnostic targets have had mutations. The N gene, which is the most non-conservative gene in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, has had the most devastating mutations on diagnostic targets. These findings explain why a specific diagnostic reagent made in China failed and","qid":32,"docid":"8l7hrany","rank":30,"score":9.1003999710083},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of identifying and managing risks associated with dangerous goods in shipping contracts. With over 50% of seagoing cargo being classified as dangerous, hazardous, or harmful, parties to shipping contracts must carefully negotiate terms regarding liability for potential risks and damages. While restrictions on shipping dangerous goods exist, they are not absolute, and carriers have a duty to handle all agreed-upon cargo. The focus is on identifying the risks involved, allocating liability,","qid":32,"docid":"b426t461","rank":31,"score":9.088000297546387},{"content":"The BCG vaccine, which has been used for tuberculosis and leprosy prevention for nearly a century, may offer cross-protection against various diseases and pathogens, including COVID-19. Clinical studies suggest that the vaccine can help with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, even though it doesn't have inherent antiviral activity. Mass BCG vaccination programs could potentially reduce the frequency and severity of COVID-19 cases. Additionally","qid":32,"docid":"ko11gg2o","rank":32,"score":8.962900161743164},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, spread globally from an outbreak in Wuhan, China. The virus ranges from mild upper respiratory infection to severe pneumonitis, ARDS, and death. Few cases have been reported in children and infants under 6 months, who generally have a more favorable clinical course. This review summarizes the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 epid","qid":32,"docid":"k3bkgf1g","rank":33,"score":8.94729995727539},{"content":"A new coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV-2, has caused over 100,000 confirmed cases and nearly 5,000 deaths with a mortality rate of 4%. Information about the virus and its effects on pregnant women is limited and similar to other coronavirus infections, with few confirmed cases and ongoing studies.","qid":32,"docid":"d3yt1xa8","rank":34,"score":8.944299697875977},{"content":"This rapid living systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer three questions regarding the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, the proportion of asymptomatic individuals who later develop symptoms, and the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals. The review included 11 studies and estimated an upper bound for the proportion of asymptomatic infections at 29% (95%","qid":32,"docid":"c5be70t6","rank":35,"score":8.930999755859375},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) patients by examining previous coronavirus outbreaks and influenza pandemics. Using a data mining approach, the study aimed to answer questions regarding the severity of coinfection (TB and SARS-CoV-2), the effect of TB vaccines on COVID-19, and diagnostic reliability. The findings suggest that infection control is crucial for TB","qid":32,"docid":"gh58t6eh","rank":36,"score":8.921600341796875},{"content":"The passage discusses the various courses of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and its primary effects on the respiratory system. It also highlights emerging reports of skin lesions and vascular system issues in some COVID-19 patients, including vesicular, urticarial, maculopapular eruptions, livedo, necrosis, and vasculitis forms. The passage provides a systematic overview of these skin","qid":32,"docid":"t8pltw5x","rank":37,"score":8.814499855041504},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential roles of complement and the contact system in the treatment or pathogenesis of COVID-19. While complement is effective against many viruses, it does not seem protective against coronavirus. C3 knockout mice infected with SARS-CoV had less lung disease than wild-type mice, suggesting a possible role in pathogenesis. Bradykinin-induced pulmonary edema may explain the ineffectiveness of traditional interventions","qid":32,"docid":"pbuevs5v","rank":38,"score":8.769200325012207},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of complement and the contact system in the treatment or pathogenesis of COVID-19. While complement is effective against many viruses, it does not seem protective against coronavirus. C3 knockout mice infected with SARS-CoV had less lung disease than wild-type mice, suggesting a potential role in pathogenesis. Bradykinin-induced pulmonary edema may explain the ineffectiveness of traditional interventions for","qid":32,"docid":"q5qkqipv","rank":39,"score":8.76919937133789},{"content":"A study was conducted to analyze the susceptibility of lung cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection based on gene expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The results showed that all stages, subtypes, and","qid":32,"docid":"5izpb5dm","rank":40,"score":8.759300231933594},{"content":"The passage discusses the questions surrounding immunity-based protection against COVID-19, specifically why some infected individuals have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, why delayed and weak antibody responses are linked to severe outcomes, and why a positive molecular test does not necessarily indicate the presence of protective antibody IgG. The text suggests that T cell responses may hold the answer to these questions and that studying SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells can help advance the development","qid":32,"docid":"rs79r7kc","rank":41,"score":8.758299827575684},{"content":"The passage discusses the questions surrounding immunity-based protection against COVID-19 and the potential role of T cells in providing protective immunity. While SARS-CoV-2 induces severe symptoms such as pneumonia and lymphopenia, some infected individuals have mild or no symptoms, and delayed or weak antibody responses are associated with severe outcomes. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in molecular tests does not necessarily indicate the presence of protective antib","qid":32,"docid":"rsz7ch2a","rank":42,"score":8.758298873901367},{"content":"A new severe viral outbreak, SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, originated in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. This disease significantly impacts the immune system and has become a global health concern. Understanding the genetics, pathogenesis, and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for developing treatments and vaccines. Recent research has focused on the host-pathogen relationship","qid":32,"docid":"bwxktvsz","rank":43,"score":8.741399765014648},{"content":"A national registry was established in Spain to analyze the safety of cancer treatments, specifically immunotherapy with checkpoint antibodies, in melanoma patients infected with COVID-19. As of May 17, 2020, 50 patients had been included in the study with a median age of 69 years. Twenty-two (44%) patients were on active anticancer treatment with anti PD-1 antibodies, 16 (3","qid":32,"docid":"wxyhc30h","rank":44,"score":8.739999771118164},{"content":"Researchers analyzed over 200,000 exomes of the ACE2 gene, revealing variations in a specific part of the gene that is expected to alter the shape or functionality of the ACE2 protein, which interacts with SARS-CoV-2. These variants may decrease the protein's ability to interact with the virus, potentially affecting vulnerability to COVID-19. The research provides insight into the role of the ACE2 gene in vir","qid":32,"docid":"p7drekee","rank":45,"score":8.737700462341309},{"content":"The passage provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19. Its origin is believed to be zoonotic, possibly from bats, and transmission is primarily through respiratory droplets. Early diagnosis and isolation are key to limiting the outbreak. RT-qPCR is the most common diagnostic method, while serological tests and CRISPR-CAS-12 based assays are also used. No specific treatments exist","qid":32,"docid":"41rsi8ce","rank":46,"score":8.730500221252441},{"content":"A limited number of studies have investigated the possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through breastfeeding or human milk. There is evidence of vertical transmission of human coronavirus 229E, but no published data on MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in human milk. Nine studies have tested human milk for SARS-CoV-2, all of which reported negative results. However, none of these studies validated","qid":32,"docid":"nlq5755b","rank":47,"score":8.719499588012695},{"content":"A study examined recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2 to determine if they are associated with increased viral transmission. Using a phylogenetic index, the researchers found no evidence that any of the recurrent mutations in their dataset of over 23,000 genomes are convincingly linked to higher transmissibility. Instead, these mutations appear to be neutral and primarily induced by the human immune system. Therefore, there is currently no evidence","qid":32,"docid":"a51vkiei","rank":48,"score":8.718700408935547},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic, emerged at the end of 2019 and spread rapidly in 2020. Current research on the virus is primarily conducted using the immortalized simian Vero E6 cell line, but this model has limitations and does not fully represent virus biology and evolution. This study presents the use of fully differentiated human airway epithelium cultures as an effective model","qid":32,"docid":"4v42ezk8","rank":49,"score":8.705900192260742},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic, emerged at the end of 2019 and spread rapidly in 2020. Current research on the virus is primarily conducted using the immortalized simian Vero E6 cell line, but this model has limitations and does not fully represent virus biology and evolution. This study presents the use of fully differentiated human airway epithelium cultures as an effective model","qid":32,"docid":"598n91gb","rank":50,"score":8.705899238586426},{"content":"A high affinity monoclonal antibody, IgG1 ab1, was identified from human libraries against the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain. IgG1 ab1 potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in two animal models with no Fc\u03b3 receptor enhancement and a competitive mechanism of virus neutralization. It has low somatic mutations and no developability liabilities, making it a potential therapy and pro","qid":32,"docid":"ycuiso0g","rank":51,"score":8.698599815368652},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is believed to be caused by a new zoonotic virus, SARS-CoV-2. Initial investigations suggest this origin.","qid":32,"docid":"dv9m19yk","rank":52,"score":8.683500289916992},{"content":"The passage discusses the current knowledge about the intersection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and infection with SARS-CoV-2. Individuals with COPD may face increased risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to weakened respiratory systems. Additionally, COPD medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists, might not affect the course of COVID","qid":32,"docid":"jz1z7fcx","rank":53,"score":8.681099891662598},{"content":"This review summarizes the limited knowledge on extrapulmonary manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the liver, kidneys, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. Reports suggest these organs can be affected, but the mechanisms are unclear. The authors recommend multisystemic work-ups for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond respiratory management. The article is open access during the COVID-19 pandemic.","qid":32,"docid":"q5kdm55n","rank":54,"score":8.661199569702148},{"content":"A systematic literature review assessed 49 papers published in 2020 on the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis. Of the 755 pregnant women and 598 infants studied, over half had C-sections and only 82% of infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, with two testing positive. No vertical transmission has been proven yet due to gaps in care during and after","qid":32,"docid":"irocv0ke","rank":55,"score":8.659799575805664},{"content":"A systematic literature review assessed 49 papers published in 2020 on the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis. Of the 755 pregnant women and 598 infants studied, over half had C-sections and only 82% of infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, with two testing positive. No vertical transmission has been proven yet due to gaps in care during and after","qid":32,"docid":"o7ze1myf","rank":56,"score":8.659798622131348},{"content":"A review of 12 studies from China found that some discharged COVID-19 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA again, but it's unclear if they were contagious as a positive test does not always indicate the presence of transmissible virus. The need for timely, parallel testing of different samples, such as fecal specimens, is suggested to determine if patients are still shedding the virus before and after hospital","qid":32,"docid":"59prqbb3","rank":57,"score":8.645400047302246},{"content":"A review of 12 studies from China found that some discharged COVID-19 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA again, but it's unclear if they were contagious as a positive test does not always indicate the presence of transmissible virus. The need for timely testing of different samples, such as fecal specimens, is suggested before and after hospital discharge.","qid":32,"docid":"snajbvr9","rank":58,"score":8.64539909362793},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of laboratory diagnostics in managing COVID-19, with a focus on identifying viral RNA through molecular biology techniques using respiratory tract specimens. The potential use of other materials for diagnosis is undecided. Serological testing shows promise in detecting immune response, specifically IgG and IgA, but the persistence and neutralizing activity of these antibodies is unknown. Rapid tests for viral antigens or anti","qid":32,"docid":"3y47oszt","rank":59,"score":8.644800186157227},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of laboratory diagnostics in the identification and management of COVID-19. The etiological diagnosis relies on identifying viral RNA using molecular biology techniques, particularly in respiratory specimens. The potential use of other materials for diagnosis is not yet clear. Serological testing shows that most COVID-19 patients develop an immune response, including IgG and IgA antibodies, but the persistence and neutralizing activity of these","qid":32,"docid":"r2rnnsfh","rank":60,"score":8.64479923248291},{"content":"Children generally experience milder forms of COVID-19 with a better prognosis and rare mortality. Clinical features include fever, cough, and asymptomatic cases. Reasons for less severe impact may involve differences in immune system function and ACE2 expression. Diagnosis is through RT-PCR testing. Immunosuppressed children and management of severe cases are discussed. The greatest threat to child health is the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic.","qid":32,"docid":"03vy3uaj","rank":61,"score":8.60990047454834},{"content":"Children generally experience milder forms of COVID-19 with a better prognosis and rare mortality. Clinical symptoms include fever and cough, but many are asymptomatic. Reasons for less severe impact in children may involve differences in immune system function and ACE2 expression. Diagnosis is through RT-PCR testing, and management includes antiviral and immunomodulatory treatments for severe cases. The greatest threat to child health from COVID-19 is not","qid":32,"docid":"18q23z8l","rank":62,"score":8.609899520874023},{"content":"The study investigated the method used by the Imperial College COVID-19 Research Team for estimating the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from a model identifiability perspective. The study found that the system model used by ICCRT had severe input sensitivities and lacked practical parameter identifiability from data. This limitation is fundamental and not easily resolved with data of higher reliability. The authors emphasized the","qid":32,"docid":"2zkrbjqe","rank":63,"score":8.580499649047852},{"content":"The passage discusses the global public health crisis caused by COVID-19 and the unprecedented response to find potential treatments. However, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment, and randomized clinical trials and high-quality evidence are necessary. The article provides a review of the latest published literature on therapeutic strategies and investigational lines for SARS-CoV-2.","qid":32,"docid":"okrpa7k7","rank":64,"score":8.57610034942627},{"content":"Japan has had fewer COVID-19 cases than many other countries, despite limited societal restrictions. The reasons for this are explored in the commentary.","qid":32,"docid":"9ixbawvv","rank":65,"score":8.545599937438965},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a pandemic in late 2019 with bats as the reservoir host. Severe cases, mainly affecting older and immune-compromised individuals, lead to death due to respiratory failure and hyperinflammation (cytokine storm syndrome). COVID-19 patients exhibit lymphopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, RNAem","qid":32,"docid":"7rh07bii","rank":66,"score":8.540499687194824},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a pandemic in late 2019 with bats as the reservoir host. Severe cases, mainly affecting older and immune-compromised individuals, lead to death due to respiratory failure and hyperinflammation (cytokine storm syndrome). COVID-19 patients exhibit lymphopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, RNAem","qid":32,"docid":"uojjp4dd","rank":67,"score":8.540498733520508},{"content":"Biological warfare involves the use of organisms or their toxins to harm or kill. This concept is not limited to historical images of tossing dead animals over walls or clandestine releases of microbes. Instead, it is a natural phenomenon that has existed since life evolved on earth, with organisms constantly developing ways to kill each other through toxins. Humans engage in biological warfare by utilizing these toxin-producing organisms.","qid":32,"docid":"dbuy7vvw","rank":68,"score":8.517000198364258},{"content":"A severe outbreak of COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019 and was declared a public health emergency by the WHO in January 2020. With over 200,000 reported cases worldwide, COVID-19 shares similarities with previous coronavirus epidemics, SARS and MERS. As understanding of SARS-CoV-2 is limited,","qid":32,"docid":"7hw4nzwp","rank":69,"score":8.511199951171875},{"content":"Researchers are studying why the coronavirus spreads easily between people, with potential explanations being a specific protein on the virus surface and a receptor on human cell membranes. Understanding transmission is crucial for containment and future prevention. The new coronavirus spreads more readily than SARS and has infected over 100,000 people worldwide.","qid":32,"docid":"u1claajf","rank":70,"score":8.510600090026855},{"content":"A cluster of unknown cause pneumonia cases were identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, which was later determined to be caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The outbreak led to unprecedented public health actions, including the isolation of Wuhan, and a scientific response with early publication of the pathogen genome and rapid diagnostic development. This article will summarize the current clinical knowledge of COVID-19 caused by S","qid":32,"docid":"3mnmib3o","rank":71,"score":8.50730037689209},{"content":"In December 2019, health authorities in Wuhan, China identified a cluster of unknown cause pneumonia cases linked to the South China Seafood Market. The causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, leading to a major outbreak. Public health measures included isolating Wuhan, and a scientific response included early genome publication and diagnostic development. This article summarizes new knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 and its","qid":32,"docid":"sn72mkzq","rank":72,"score":8.507299423217773},{"content":"Japan has experienced fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths than many other countries despite limited societal restrictions. The reasons for this are explored in the commentary.","qid":32,"docid":"gujyen9k","rank":73,"score":8.489999771118164},{"content":"A widely-used COVID-19 diagnostic test, as specified by the CDC, contains a flawed control that can result in false-negative outcomes due to its inability to distinguish human DNA from reverse-transcribed RNA, potentially affecting millions of patients. A re-designed control that monitors sample collection, extraction, reverse transcription, and qPCR detection can help reduce false negatives.","qid":32,"docid":"n6811ens","rank":74,"score":8.455400466918945},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by the WHO, has affected over 2 million people in 33 countries, with comorbidities and advanced age increasing the risk. The transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is similar to H1N1 but with lower mortality rates. The virus invades cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and affects the respiratory system and small intestine mucosa","qid":32,"docid":"idta8vnq","rank":75,"score":8.416999816894531},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected over 3.5 million people worldwide. Diabetes, age, and cardiovascular disease are identified as factors increasing the severity of COVID-19. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to complications in respiratory infections like SARS-CoV-2, as seen in previous outbreaks of SARS, MERS, and Influenza.","qid":32,"docid":"5zb96j4a","rank":76,"score":8.416600227355957},{"content":"In December 2019, health authorities in Wuhan, China identified a cluster of unknown aetiology pneumonia cases linked to the city's South China Seafood Market. The causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which sparked a major outbreak. The scientific response included early publication of the pathogen genome and rapid development of diagnostics. This article reviews new knowledge of SARS-CoV-2","qid":32,"docid":"9griuata","rank":77,"score":8.41450023651123},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted dermatological practice, leading to a decrease in face-to-face consultations and an increase in teledermatology. The outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients with inflammatory disorders like psoriasis or atopic dermatitis on immunosuppressive therapies is uncertain. The role of skin lesions and the skin barrier in SARS-CoV-","qid":32,"docid":"erntrh3p","rank":78,"score":8.404500007629395},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted dermatological practice, leading to a decrease in face-to-face consultations and an increase in teledermatology. Uncertainties exist regarding the effects of COVID-19 infection on common inflammatory disorders like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis under immunosuppressive therapy. Dermatologists are also involved in COVID-19 patient care and research","qid":32,"docid":"hl1eq3eb","rank":79,"score":8.404499053955078},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread worldwide since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Mortality rates vary between countries, possibly due to differences in healthcare responses. No proven effective therapies exist for COVID-19, and drugs currently being tested lack sufficient clinical trial data. A global effort is underway to develop a vaccine, but it will take at least a year","qid":32,"docid":"svo94kuo","rank":80,"score":8.388400077819824},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing mutation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, and the potential implications for the transmission, duration, and severity of the disease. While the extent of adaptation is uncertain, continued analysis is essential for informing public health measures.","qid":32,"docid":"ig0rnbqb","rank":81,"score":8.362799644470215},{"content":"The D614G mutation in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly outcompeted other subtypes during the COVID-19 pandemic, is linked to a single nucleotide deletion (delC) in a cis-eQTL of the TMPRSS2 gene. This delC allele is common in Europeans and North Americans but rare in East Asians. The delC allele leads to overexpression of","qid":32,"docid":"bbhf4qus","rank":82,"score":8.356499671936035},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to identify potential inhibitors for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking and dynamics simulation. The researchers targeted FDA-approved antiviral drugs for screening and identified the top three, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Tipranavir, and Raltegravir, through molecular docking studies. These drugs were further investigated for binding affinity and stability through molecular dynamics simulation","qid":32,"docid":"gykudnxf","rank":83,"score":8.349200248718262},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to identify potential inhibitors for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking and dynamics simulation. The researchers targeted FDA-approved antiviral drugs for screening and performed molecular docking studies, revealing the top three drugs, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Tipranavir, and Raltegravir, as having good binding affinities. These drugs underwent molecular","qid":32,"docid":"hgpfib1z","rank":84,"score":8.349199295043945},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and its interaction with Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2 (BST-2), also known as tetherin. BST-2 is a host cell protein that restricts the release of various viruses, including SARS-CoV, by tethering budding virions to the cell membrane. SAR","qid":32,"docid":"nttnaal7","rank":85,"score":8.347800254821777},{"content":"The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the need for effective anti-viral drugs against severe human coronaviruses (HCoV), but current research has not led to commercially successful anti-HCoV drugs. In this context, drug repurposing and database screening are the fastest options for developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. This study aims to provide a medicinal chemist's perspective on the current research on S","qid":32,"docid":"50db66ru","rank":86,"score":8.333200454711914},{"content":"The passage summarizes the lack of reported cases of intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 or other respiratory RNA viruses, including SARS, MERS, influenza, RSV, HPIV, and hMPV, to fetuses. While these viruses can cause severe maternal respiratory infections and systemic complications, there have been no confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission for any of them. Influenza, which","qid":32,"docid":"twm32weg","rank":87,"score":8.307999610900879},{"content":"The passage summarizes the lack of reported intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 or other respiratory RNA viruses, including SARS, MERS, influenza, RSV, HPIV, and hMPV, to fetuses. While these viruses can cause severe maternal respiratory infections and systemic complications, there have been no confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission for any of them. Influenza, which causes approximately","qid":32,"docid":"xmg9tnda","rank":88,"score":8.307998657226562},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in numerous deaths worldwide. To prevent long-term costs of controlling the virus, elimination of SARS-CoV-2 through vaccination is desirable. Historical influenza pandemics led to the elimination of three influenza viruses through mass vaccination and herd immunity. China successfully eliminated clade 7.2 of H5N1 and H7N9 avian","qid":32,"docid":"vl3j05bs","rank":89,"score":8.270500183105469},{"content":"Pregnancy is not linked to more severe COVID-19 infections, and the risk of antenatal vertical transmission is low. Epidural analgesia is recommended for labor analgesia if platelet counts are normal. Droplet precautions are necessary for women suspected of having COVID-19, and airborne precautions are suggested for general anesthesia or higher risk procedures.","qid":32,"docid":"dhrtpo56","rank":90,"score":8.24530029296875},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has been detected in faeces of infected patients. The viral load in faeces ranges from 5.103 to 107.6 copies\/mL. In sewage, viral load decreases significantly, ranging from 2 copies\/100 mL to 3.103 copies\/mL. Monitoring SARS-CoV-","qid":32,"docid":"8plkh5g8","rank":91,"score":8.208499908447266},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has been detected in feces, with viral loads estimated between 5.103 to 107.6 copies\/mL. In sewage, viral loads decrease significantly, ranging from 2 copies\/100 mL to 3.103 copies\/mL. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in sewage could serve as an","qid":32,"docid":"wcn6o3fd","rank":92,"score":8.20849895477295},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in numerous deaths worldwide. To prevent long-term costs and potential guerrilla warfare between SARS-CoV-2 and humans, elimination of the virus through vaccination is desirable. Historical influenza pandemics in 1957, 1968, and 2009 led to global herd immunity and elimination of three influenza vir","qid":32,"docid":"afpbaqgx","rank":93,"score":8.2076997756958},{"content":"Fifteen (4.4%) of 342 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were asymptomatic. Their median time from exposure to diagnosis was 7.0 days (IQR: 1.0-15.0 days). Thirteen patients were diagnosed through throat swabs, one through anal swabs. One patient developed lymphopenia during hospitalization. Chest computed tomography abnormalities were detected in 8 (","qid":32,"docid":"4ki5st9h","rank":94,"score":8.186599731445312},{"content":"Fifteen (4.4%) of 342 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were asymptomatic. Their median time from exposure to diagnosis was 7.0 days (IQR: 1.0-15.0 days). Thirteen were diagnosed through throat swabs, one through anal swabs. One (6.7%) developed lymphopenia. Chest CT abnormalities were present in 8 (53","qid":32,"docid":"dud6dzp6","rank":95,"score":8.186598777770996},{"content":"The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has been identified as a severe and life-threatening virus with a unique structure that strongly binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) protein, allowing it to enter host cells. Recent reports suggest that the virus may also target the human brain, causing neurological manifestations ranging from mild (anosmia and ageus","qid":32,"docid":"b6qts3n0","rank":96,"score":8.16819953918457},{"content":"The passage suggests that SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, may trigger autoimmunity in hosts through molecular mimicry. This hypothesis is based on the virus's ability to generate cross-reactive antibodies that may attack host antigens, leading to autoimmune phenomena and potential damage to various tissues and organs. If proven true through further research, this could lead to the discovery of effective treatments against the virus.","qid":32,"docid":"di8lljoi","rank":97,"score":8.167400360107422},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to numerous hospitalizations, deaths, and economic hardships. While respiratory involvement is well-known, less understood are the potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular manifestations. The virus binds to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is highly concentrated in the lungs and cardiovascular tissue, raising concerns for cardiov","qid":32,"docid":"sam3usz7","rank":98,"score":8.16510009765625},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes the viral disease COVID-19, which has significantly disrupted normal life worldwide. The symptoms include dry cough, frequent fevers, and in severe cases, pneumonia. Older individuals and those with underlying health conditions are at higher risk of death.","qid":32,"docid":"9pdakwmb","rank":99,"score":8.153599739074707},{"content":"During the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a significant association between acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The initial data suggest an underestimation of ACS cases but it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. There is no consensus on the best healthcare management policy for ACS during the pandemic. Differences exist between treatment approaches in China during","qid":32,"docid":"dtc5w5xs","rank":100,"score":8.151200294494629}]}
{"query":"What vaccine candidates are being tested for Covid-19?","hits":[{"content":"This review discusses the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on antibody responses and the immunogenicity of leading vaccine candidates. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 patients offer insights into vaccine design. Recombinant proteins are the most immunogenic vaccine candidates but are not part of the initial \"Warp Speed\" efforts. Adverse events are a concern,","qid":33,"docid":"khfiy0m2","rank":1,"score":10.20740032196045},{"content":"This review discusses the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on antibody responses to infection and the immunogenicity of leading vaccine candidates. Recombinant proteins are the most immunogenic but not part of the initial \"Warp Speed\" vaccines. Adverse events are a concern, with past experiences from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV vaccines considered. Out","qid":33,"docid":"y883anmp","rank":2,"score":10.207399368286133},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify FDA-approved drugs that could be repurposed as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro, using virtual screening. Twelve drugs were proposed as potential candidates, including antiviral drugs like ribavirin and symptom-relieving drugs like codeine. The most promising candidate was oxytetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which outperformed other selected comp","qid":33,"docid":"z17knvts","rank":3,"score":9.247200012207031},{"content":"A study was conducted to map the immunodominant sites of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using sera samples from recovered COVID-19 patients. The identified nine linearized B cell epitopes, four of which were in the receptor-binding domain. These sites are potential high-affinity binding sites for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Peptides containing two of the sites were tested as vaccine candidates in mice,","qid":33,"docid":"79yna07e","rank":4,"score":9.221500396728516},{"content":"A systematic review of clinical trials for potential vaccines and therapeutic agents against COVID-19 was conducted between January and March 2020. Out of 249 identified trials, 56 interventional studies were included, with the majority focusing on chloroquine (10 trials) and traditional Chinese medications (10 trials). Other categories included antivirals (8 trials), anti-inflammatory\/immunosuppressants (","qid":33,"docid":"p36zubnf","rank":5,"score":9.055700302124023},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the urgency for COVID-19 treatments and vaccines to address the economic crisis caused by lockdowns. It mentions the rapid development of vaccines in clinical trials without preclinical testing, but stresses the importance of safety evaluations for candidate vaccines.","qid":33,"docid":"xee6npr3","rank":6,"score":8.882599830627441},{"content":"The passage discusses the accelerated timeline for moving COVID-19 medical research from discovery to application, contrasting the typical 17-year timeframe. The authors of the passage introduced a matrix in 2015 to analyze research translation stages and identified four approaches to reducing time-lags: increasing resources, working in parallel, starting or working at risk, and improving processes. The global response to developing a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, the virus","qid":33,"docid":"t9r46ci4","rank":7,"score":8.806900024414062},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a pandemic-level RNA virus with a spike protein as its major surface antigen. The spike protein interacts with human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and is the target for vaccine development. Multiple candidate vaccines are in development using innovative technologies, with global cooperation for delivery. No therapeutic interventions exist currently.","qid":33,"docid":"sdtiyrab","rank":8,"score":8.782899856567383},{"content":"A summarization of the passage: COVID-19, caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, has become a pandemic through droplet transmission. The virus interacts with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 through its spike protein, which is the antigenic determinant for an immune response. Multiple candidate vaccines are under development using innovative technologies based on the virus's genetic features. Global cooperation aims to deliver these vacc","qid":33,"docid":"z5q82rmp","rank":9,"score":8.782898902893066},{"content":"The passage discusses the accelerated timeline for moving COVID-19 medical research from discovery to application, contrasting the typical 17-year timeframe. The authors of the study, who developed a matrix to analyze research translation stages, highlight four approaches to reducing time-lags: increasing resources, working in parallel, starting or working at risk, and improving processes. The global response to developing a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-1","qid":33,"docid":"xtxfadn9","rank":10,"score":8.686300277709961},{"content":"The passage discusses several coronavirus vaccine candidates using new technologies, specifically the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) platform. The Yale team behind this technology developed a promising SARS coronavirus vaccine and is now using it for SARS-CoV-2. Another connection of theirs is CaroGen, a spinoff company with an engineered virus platform also being used against SARS-CoV-2. Both projects are aiming for F","qid":33,"docid":"zwf26o63","rank":11,"score":8.52079963684082},{"content":"A consensus summary report from a CEPI\/BC meeting in March 2020 discussed the concern of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines. With over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and six in clinical trials, rapid development poses safety challenges. Disease enhancement, where vaccinated individuals experience increased severity or death upon encountering the virus, has been observed with some viral vaccines. Animal models have been used to understand the underlying mechanisms and design new vaccine candidates for Res","qid":33,"docid":"eeh2a0t8","rank":12,"score":8.517000198364258},{"content":"A consensus summary report from a CEPI\/BC meeting in March 2020 discussed the risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines. With over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and six in clinical trials, rapid development poses safety challenges. Disease enhancement, where vaccinated individuals experience increased severity or death upon encountering the virus, is a concern due to past instances with RSV, MERS, and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines. The","qid":33,"docid":"g4ak4t31","rank":13,"score":8.516999244689941},{"content":"A pandemic-induced surge in medical product development, from test kits to vaccines, raises legal questions regarding liability under the European Product Liability Directive. Existing concepts like defect, causation, and defenses may need adjustment to account for the pandemic's impact on production. The article explores these issues and proposes alternative responses, such as government indemnities, liability exemptions, and no-fault compensation schemes.","qid":33,"docid":"sjub0mwv","rank":14,"score":8.444100379943848},{"content":"The passage discusses the molecular pathogenesis of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus, which emerged in 2012 and is primarily transmitted to humans from camels. Limited studies have been conducted on the virus, with most research focusing on ectopic expression of viral proteins in human cells. New antiviral molecules that disrupt virus-receptor interactions are being developed, and a camel vaccine is being tested. Support","qid":33,"docid":"bftsmcl4","rank":15,"score":8.328700065612793},{"content":"A review article examines potential drug therapies for COVID-19, including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir\/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, sarilumab, and lenzilumab. However, the authors conclude that there is currently no high-quality evidence to support the use of any of these drugs as effective treatments for COVID-1","qid":33,"docid":"iymmf4k6","rank":16,"score":8.246999740600586},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 4.9 million people and resulted in over 300,000 deaths. Urgent development of diagnostic methods, treatments, and vaccines is necessary. Nucleic acid amplification tests are the main diagnostic method, while serological antibody tests aid contact tracing and vaccine evaluation studies. No effective drug or vaccine is currently available. Some candidate drugs targeting different stages of human","qid":33,"docid":"0g7a9s5z","rank":17,"score":8.232500076293945},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has infected over 4.9 million people and resulted in over 300,000 deaths. Urgent development of diagnostic methods, treatments, and vaccines is necessary. Nucleic acid amplification tests are the main diagnostic method, while serological antibody tests aid contact tracing and vaccine evaluation studies. No effective drug or vaccine is currently available. Some candidate drugs","qid":33,"docid":"2vevp0fg","rank":18,"score":8.232499122619629},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as therapeutic agents against COVID-19, despite being originally developed as antimalarial drugs. The review highlights the various modes of action these drugs may have against viral infections, including altering the acidic environment inside lysosomes and endosomes, inhibiting endocytosis, and suppressing cytokine storms in host cells. Given the","qid":33,"docid":"lb2ybn0b","rank":19,"score":8.120400428771973},{"content":"A new vaccine candidate, ShaCoVacc, for COVID-19 was developed using spike-encoding mRNA inside and spike protein on the surface of virus simulating particles (VSPs) derived from lentiviral particles. The vaccine induced strong humoral immune responses and potent neutralizing activities after a single injection. The epitopes of spike-specific antibodies were identified using peptide microarray, revealing susceptible neutralizing epitopes.","qid":33,"docid":"ptvsie6m","rank":20,"score":8.10200023651123},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential of plant-based vaccines in the fight against COVID-19. With the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the pandemic, there is a need for the development of drugs and vaccines. Plant-based vaccines, which have shown promise in clinical trials, could contribute to this effort. Injectable vaccines can be produced using transient expression systems, which offer high protein yields and are already used in industry. St","qid":33,"docid":"df36w6l7","rank":21,"score":8.05150032043457},{"content":"Researchers are actively looking for antiviral treatments for COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, to alleviate symptoms and save lives. This mini-review discusses the structure and features of SARS-CoV-2 that could be exploited for antiviral therapy and vaccine development. It also covers some antiviral agents and supportive therapies being repurposed or tested as potential treatments for COVID-19.","qid":33,"docid":"050fdtm8","rank":22,"score":7.94920015335083},{"content":"Researchers are actively looking for antiviral treatments for COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, to alleviate severe symptoms and potential life-threatening complications. This mini-review summarizes the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2's structure and features, which could be exploited for antiviral therapy and vaccine development. The article also highlights some antiviral agents and supportive therapies being repurposed or tested","qid":33,"docid":"u3xxshqw","rank":23,"score":7.949199199676514},{"content":"In this study, the antiviral efficacies of lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in ferrets. While these drugs marginally improved clinical symptoms, they did not significantly reduce in vivo virus titers. Only emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment led to lower virus tit","qid":33,"docid":"7h3rrea7","rank":24,"score":7.928999900817871},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between COVID-19 death rates and the use of antimalarial drugs, specifically chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, as treatments. The analysis compares death rate dynamics in countries using these drugs versus those not using them during the initial stages of the pandemic. The results suggest that countries using antimalarial drugs experienced much slower death rate increases than those not using them during the first 13 days. However, the study","qid":33,"docid":"fbm3zoe2","rank":25,"score":7.85830020904541},{"content":"The passage suggests the hypothesis that Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis, may limit the severity and progression of COVID-19. Reasons include CBD's ability to downregulate key receptors for the virus in human epithelia, its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, its direct antiviral activity as a PPAR\u03b3 agonist, and its potential to","qid":33,"docid":"7d5hq0mq","rank":26,"score":7.814000129699707},{"content":"The passage suggests the hypothesis that Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis, may limit the severity and progression of COVID-19 due to its ability to downregulate key receptors for the virus, exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, display direct antiviral activity, and inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Preclinical evidence supports these potential","qid":33,"docid":"orw69y3q","rank":27,"score":7.813999176025391},{"content":"A pandemic alert was issued by WHO in 2003 due to a highly virulent avian H5N1 influenza virus, A\/Hong Kong\/213\/03, which caused fatal pneumonia in humans. Traditional vaccine production methods were not viable, so a reference vaccine virus was produced using reverse genetics in less than 4 weeks. The virus was non-pathogenic in chickens and ferrets and stable after multiple passages in","qid":33,"docid":"6t0wpiqy","rank":28,"score":7.795000076293945},{"content":"Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies were isolated from Covid-19 convalescent patients for potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions against SARS-CoV-2 infection. From over 1,100 memory B cells, 17 antibodies were identified that could neutralize the virus in vitro.","qid":33,"docid":"64y43o0y","rank":29,"score":7.776199817657471},{"content":"Animal models play a crucial role in the development of vaccines by allowing assessment of immune response, optimal delivery and formulation, protection from infection and disease transmission, and safety and toxicity. Choosing the right animal model is important due to each model's unique advantages and disadvantages, and this review discusses the criteria for selection, advantages and disadvantages, and future needs.","qid":33,"docid":"seaa46hz","rank":30,"score":7.76639986038208},{"content":"A SARS coronavirus (CoV) causing severe acute respiratory disease and high mortality was identified. Various SARS-CoV vaccines, including nonreplicative and vectored ones, have shown promise but require improvement. Live attenuated viruses, such as those with E gene deletion, have proven effective against viral infections. Our lab developed a promising vaccine candidate based on E gene deletion or removal of six additional nonessential","qid":33,"docid":"1ksz6nmx","rank":31,"score":7.740799903869629},{"content":"This passage aims to update mental health professionals on the changing definition of COVID-19 diagnosis, focusing on available tests for diagnosis and antibody detection. It also provides information about the disease, risks, and ongoing treatment developments. The article concludes with resources for further information.","qid":33,"docid":"b5efo2fm","rank":32,"score":7.734000205993652},{"content":"Zika is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has expanded geographically and become a global health concern due to its association with neurological disorders in adults and severe abnormalities in fetuses and newborns. In the last three years, numerous studies have been conducted on the structure of the virus, transmission, and effects on human cells. Animal models have been developed, and several vaccine candidates are in preclinical development and clinical trials. Various compounds target","qid":33,"docid":"cvwf63zc","rank":33,"score":7.696599960327148},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing global efforts to develop vaccines and drugs for COVID-19, with a focus on the debate over bypassing animal trials. While some researchers are using animal models for challenge studies, others have moved directly to human clinical trials due to the urgency of the pandemic. However, the absence of animal studies can make it difficult to predict outcomes in humans and understand transmission dynamics. The passage also raises ethical concerns regarding the use of animals in research and compares different animal","qid":33,"docid":"3sepefqa","rank":34,"score":7.618299961090088},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing global efforts to develop vaccines and drugs for COVID-19, with a focus on the debate over bypassing animal trials in favor of human clinical trials. While some progress has been made with repurposed drugs and viral protein vaccine candidates, the absence of animal studies raises concerns about potential outcomes in humans. The passage also explores the importance of animal models for vaccine development and the ethical considerations of using animals for research.","qid":33,"docid":"oa8vzf02","rank":35,"score":7.6182990074157715},{"content":"A small number of studies have identified SARS-CoV-2 in urine samples, despite the virus primarily spreading through air. Of the 187 urine samples tested, six were positive, with one case showing persistence for up to 42 days. This raises concerns for Endourologists, who perform many urine-exposed procedures, as they could potentially be exposed perioperatively. The type of PPE Endourologists should use remains un","qid":33,"docid":"mk3ley2o","rank":36,"score":7.616300106048584},{"content":"A new outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and had spread to over 178 countries by March 2020. No vaccine or antiviral treatment is currently available for the disease. Several investigational drugs and vaccines are being tested for their potential effectiveness against COVID-19. This review provides a brief overview of some of these treatments and their potential drawbacks.","qid":33,"docid":"natp8lbj","rank":37,"score":7.607699871063232},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of testing and contact tracing in containing the spread of COVID-19 as the US economy reopens without a vaccine or effective therapy. The authors evaluated potential at-home diagnostic solutions, focusing on antigen and serology-based tests, and identified 24 promising products for further laboratory evaluation. The passage also explores the limitations of manual contact tracing and the potential of electronic solutions, including ePRO platforms, wearable sensors, and electronic-based contact tracing,","qid":33,"docid":"hz3z6xkk","rank":38,"score":7.584499835968018},{"content":"The article defends the ethicality of human challenge trials for testing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, despite the risks of severe adverse events. The ethical assessment should be comparative, considering the trials' potential benefits, such as saving time and lives, versus the risks. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, challenge trials may be more ethical than standard efficacy testing due to their ability to provide faster results.","qid":33,"docid":"3059lhea","rank":39,"score":7.5671000480651855},{"content":"The article defends the ethicality of human challenge trials for testing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, despite the risk of severe adverse events. The ethical assessment should be comparative, considering the trials' potential benefits against standard efficacy testing. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, challenge trials may save time and lives by providing quicker results and contributing to the global effort to contain the virus.","qid":33,"docid":"bd7f9mgj","rank":40,"score":7.567099094390869},{"content":"This review article discusses the progress of candidate COVID-19 vaccines, focusing on the types of biotechnological vaccines under development, their protective capabilities, and the disease's pathophysiology. The article also explores the data basis for vaccine development and the importance of technological infrastructure. The eventual goal is to mainstream the use of a safe, reliable, and effective COVID-19 vaccine following extensive phase studies. Vaccines developed using recombinant DNA","qid":33,"docid":"asw56fla","rank":41,"score":7.564700126647949},{"content":"A study was conducted to determine the most suitable infectious dose of SARS-CoV-2 for use in the ferret model. Six animals were challenged with a low (5\u00d7102 pfu), medium (5\u00d7104 pfu), or high (5\u00d7106 pfu) dose. Upper respiratory tract viral RNA shedding was consistent in high and medium dose groups, lasting up to 21 days. Mild mult","qid":33,"docid":"08zf7161","rank":42,"score":7.479499816894531},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, COVID-19, caused a global pandemic starting at the end of 2019. Clinical evidence and guidelines for treating COVID-19 are lacking, leading to numerous treatments being evaluated. Antiviral drugs, including remdesivir, are being used, but their effectiveness is not definitive. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab show promise in selected patients, but the optimal timing and therapeutic schemes are unclear. The eff","qid":33,"docid":"o29773cz","rank":43,"score":7.46750020980835},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is spreading globally, and there is an urgent need for effective treatments or vaccines. This review discusses potential therapeutic agents currently being investigated, including lopinavir\/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon, ribavirin, tociliz","qid":33,"docid":"eitnkdi9","rank":44,"score":7.444200038909912},{"content":"Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health threat with 10 million active cases and 1.5 million deaths in 2018. The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to reduce morbidity and mortality by 90% and 95% respectively, between 2015 and 2035. While vaccines like BCG offer some protection, new and more effective vaccines are needed. These new vaccines must","qid":33,"docid":"bgehvxo7","rank":45,"score":7.412899971008301},{"content":"This passage includes articles by Iwata Kentaro on various aspects of COVID-19, including its nature, testing and diagnosis, drug candidates for treatment, infection control, and response to the virus. Other contributors include Satoshi Kutsuna, Yu Kurahara, Hideaki Oka, Ayako Shibata, Yuki Uehara, and Kazunori Yamada, who also discuss COVID-19-related topics. The articles cover topics such as frontline infection","qid":33,"docid":"m2d0m5oi","rank":46,"score":7.40310001373291},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of identifying epitopes, which are parts of a virus that stimulate an immune response, for the development of effective COVID-19 vaccines. Due to the large size of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it's not feasible to test all potential epitopes in vitro. Instead, researchers use prediction tools to identify epitopes that are likely to bind to the HLA complex and stimulate an immune response. The","qid":33,"docid":"wxagjqbt","rank":47,"score":7.402900218963623},{"content":"The world is experiencing a major viral outbreak, and while vaccine development is ongoing, researchers are exploring passive immunization as a quick alternative to treat and contain the infection. IgY, a type of immunoglobulin, has been researched for over 20 years for passive immunization against acute respiratory tract infections. IgY has various applications in human and animal health due to its unique molecular properties. Obtaining specific Ig","qid":33,"docid":"ite7s07f","rank":48,"score":7.386600017547607},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to assess the potential of rapid diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), as well as Middle East respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV. A total of 27 studies were identified through a search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane","qid":33,"docid":"m95bmi9t","rank":49,"score":7.367000102996826},{"content":"A study using the contingent valuation approach in a Chilean online survey of 566 individuals estimated their willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine. Factors influencing WTP include preexisting chronic disease, COVID-19 knowledge, personal experience with COVID-19, government performance, employment status, income, healthcare access, and adapting to quarantine with children. The estimated individual WTP was US","qid":33,"docid":"kqjp4y41","rank":50,"score":7.332300186157227},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread worldwide since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Mortality rates vary between countries, possibly due to differences in healthcare responses. No proven effective therapies exist for COVID-19, and drugs currently being tested lack sufficient clinical trial data. A global effort is underway to develop a vaccine, but it will take at least a year","qid":33,"docid":"svo94kuo","rank":51,"score":7.314199924468994},{"content":"A literature and clinical trial survey was conducted to develop an effective and safe vaccine against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. The N protein was found to be conserved in more pathogenic strains and six proteins, including the S protein and five non-structural proteins, were predicted to be adhesins using reverse vaccinology and machine learning tools. The S, nsp3, and nsp8 proteins were predicted to induce","qid":33,"docid":"ld0vo1rl","rank":52,"score":7.283299922943115},{"content":"A study was conducted using in-silico analysis and reverse vaccinology to identify potential vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, the virulent strain causing COVID-19, in the USA. The researchers collected the sequence of the virus from publicly available databases and identified two leader proteins as potential vaccine candidates. The results of this study can provide further direction for researchers in developing vaccines and immune responses against COVID-19. The study also aims to promote the use","qid":33,"docid":"qbcb9qi3","rank":53,"score":7.266600131988525},{"content":"A proposal is made for a new topical respiratory vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 using an avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOaV-1) strain. The engineered avirulent AOaV-1 strain expresses the full-length spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. In vitro characterization shows efficient co-expression of HN protein of AOaV-1","qid":33,"docid":"v9ndmjzm","rank":54,"score":7.252600193023682},{"content":"This research aimed to estimate individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine and identify determining factors using the contingent valuation approach. The study surveyed 566 individuals from Chile and found that WTP depends on chronic disease, COVID-19 knowledge, sickness, government performance, employment status, income, healthcare, quarantine adaptation, and recovery from COVID-19. The estimated individual WTP was US$18","qid":33,"docid":"7b2mt1a8","rank":55,"score":7.230899810791016},{"content":"The Forbes article by Bill Haseltine raises concerns about the Oxford group's coronavirus vaccine candidate data, specifically the claim that rhesus monkeys were protected from infection after exposure to the virus. Haseltine questions the Oxford team's findings based on Figure 3 in the preprint, which shows that unvaccinated animals had coronavirus genomic and subgenomic RNA in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) several days after exposure,","qid":33,"docid":"wi5wnizu","rank":56,"score":7.224100112915039},{"content":"A new multi-peptide subunit-based epitope vaccine against COVID-19 is proposed as an alternative to mRNA vaccines due to the need for effective control measures against the disease. The vaccine construct consists of adjuvant, CTL, HTL, and B-cell epitopes linked together. Computational data suggest the vaccine is non-toxic, non-allergenic, thermostable, and capable of eliciting both humoral and","qid":33,"docid":"8lktpcda","rank":57,"score":7.220799922943115},{"content":"A new multi-peptide subunit-based epitope vaccine against COVID-19 is proposed as an alternative to mRNA vaccines due to the need for effective control measures against the disease. The vaccine construct consists of an adjuvant, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, helper T-lymphocyte, and B-cell epitopes joined by linkers. The vaccine is predicted to be non-toxic, non-aller","qid":33,"docid":"d2j9wpqk","rank":58,"score":7.220798969268799},{"content":"Clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines are advancing rapidly with five experimental vaccines currently in testing in China, the US, and the UK. At least 70 COVID-19 vaccines are in development, and Moderna was the first to begin clinical testing, only 66 days after obtaining the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The World Health Organization and CEPI report 115 vaccine projects in progress.","qid":33,"docid":"y2bylnte","rank":59,"score":7.172699928283691},{"content":"A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is anticipated to help control the COVID-19 pandemic, restore economies, and normalize healthcare systems. However, ethical concerns surround the current vaccine development, testing, and production methods. Moral dilemmas include potential risks to human test subjects and recipients, economic and political pressures to bypass regulatory oversight, and unequal distribution goals. The public needs to be informed to make informed decisions about the safety and efficacy","qid":33,"docid":"jwa2gkb9","rank":60,"score":7.15749979019165},{"content":"A SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine is eagerly anticipated to restore normalcy, but the current development, testing, and production methods may raise ethical concerns. Moral dilemmas include potential risks to human test subjects and recipients, as well as economic and political pressures to bypass regulatory oversight. The public needs to be informed to make informed decisions about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines.","qid":33,"docid":"vqim4t6x","rank":61,"score":7.157498836517334},{"content":"A new inactivated vaccine candidate called PiCoVacc for SARS-CoV-2 was developed and tested on mice, rats, and nonhuman primates. The vaccine induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies that neutralized 10 representative strains, suggesting potential broader neutralizing ability. In macaques, three immunizations provided partial or complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge without observable","qid":33,"docid":"5bftuzw5","rank":62,"score":7.1519999504089355},{"content":"At least 68 vaccine candidates are under development for SARS-CoV-2, with various designs such as whole killed virus, subunit, attenuated, viral vector, DNA, and mRNA. The vaccine development process, which typically takes 10-15 years, has been accelerated, with the first candidate reaching clinical testing in just over 9 weeks after the viral genetic sequence was published. This has been achieved through the use of existing technological","qid":33,"docid":"l9l6z1o0","rank":63,"score":7.145599842071533},{"content":"The passage provides an overview of COVID-19, a global health concern caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus. Susceptible populations include those with liver disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity. Diagnosis is being done using RT-PCR, and there are 15 potential vaccine candidates and several clinically approved drugs being tested. Due to the absence of effective treatment or vaccines, preventative measures according to WHO's objectives","qid":33,"docid":"ino9srb6","rank":64,"score":7.137400150299072},{"content":"Coronavirus is a family of viruses that infect mammals and birds, with three new strains emerging in the past two decades, including SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19. These viruses have a long, positive sense RNA genome and replicate by hijacking cellular machinery. No approved vaccine or antiviral exists for coronaviruses, but several potential treatments are being investigated for COVID-19.","qid":33,"docid":"xkzvzonj","rank":65,"score":7.128600120544434},{"content":"A global consensus exists that a COVID-19 vaccine is the best solution to control the pandemic. Rapid development and human trials are underway for 10 vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. However, challenges in developing and deploying a new vaccine on a global scale should be noted, and expectations for the timeline should be cautious.","qid":33,"docid":"ievuxa6k","rank":66,"score":7.121799945831299},{"content":"A global consensus exists that a COVID-19 vaccine is the best solution for controlling the pandemic. Rapid development and human trials are underway for 10 vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. However, challenges in vaccine production and global deployment call for caution regarding the expected timeline.","qid":33,"docid":"o8bkorjn","rank":67,"score":7.121798992156982},{"content":"The passage discusses the global medical emergency of COVID-19 and the need for effective antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The study used hierarchically weighted principal component analysis to identify the interaction between the physicochemical properties and antiviral activity of different potential and clinically approved antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV. Representative drugs from various classes were examined, and their pharmacologic classification and biological activity were described","qid":33,"docid":"s10iv1jg","rank":68,"score":7.092400074005127},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a major public health challenge with no effective vaccine available. Clinical management is limited to infection prevention and control measures, and research is ongoing to find treatments that inhibit virus replication, mitigate symptoms, increase survival, and decrease mortality. Several classes of drugs, including antivirals (chloroquine, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, hydroxych","qid":33,"docid":"rirzes0m","rank":69,"score":7.0782999992370605},{"content":"This study investigated genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homologue-5 (PfRH5) in Nigerian isolates of P. falciparum. Three haplotypes with negative Tajima's D and low dN\/dS values were identified, revealing a negative selection in the pfrh5 gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism leading to an amino","qid":33,"docid":"7bpeszm5","rank":70,"score":7.077199935913086},{"content":"The study examines the correlation between TB prevalence and Covid-19 mortality. Countries were grouped based on BCG vaccination status, and the results showed a significant inverse relationship between TB prevalence and Covid-19 deaths in all groups except for those with only one BCG vaccination and no previous booster. The overall slope value was highly significant, indicating a strong association between TB prevalence and Covid-19 mortality, with the relationship being more","qid":33,"docid":"sp5irqp8","rank":71,"score":7.070300102233887},{"content":"Subclinical African green monkeys infected with SARS-CoV-2 shed infectious virus from respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts for an extended period.","qid":33,"docid":"z225s2fc","rank":72,"score":7.055300235748291},{"content":"A DNA vaccine candidate named INO-4800, which targets the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, has been developed based on previous experience with a MERS coronavirus DNA vaccine. The vaccine expresses the S protein robustly in vitro and elicits antigen-specific T cell responses, neutralizing antibodies, and antibodies that block Spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor in mice and guinea pigs. These","qid":33,"docid":"f5xs0tv2","rank":73,"score":7.055200099945068},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of determining COVID-19 prevalence through representative population testing for policy decisions. However, all laboratory tests have imperfect sensitivity and specificity, leading to biased prevalence estimates. The article proposes methods for adjusting prevalence estimates for testing error, both prospectively in study planning and retrospectively in conducted studies. These adjustments would improve accuracy and harmonize results, leading to better policy decisions.","qid":33,"docid":"1xjgtj0t","rank":74,"score":7.047599792480469},{"content":"A live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV2 vaccine candidate named YF-S0, using the yellow fever 17D vaccine as a vector to express the SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigen, induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies and Th1 cell-mediated immune response in mice. In hamster challenge model, YF-S0 prevents infection with SARS-","qid":33,"docid":"zwsvlnwe","rank":75,"score":7.044300079345703},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented in its impact on healthcare systems and societies. In contrast, the first cases of AIDS were reported in 1981 and diagnostic testing helped identify high-risk groups and the global burden. With COVID-19, diagnostic testing for active and past infections needs to expand rapidly, ideally using rapid tests. Most fatalities are among the elderly, often due to inadequate","qid":33,"docid":"asapvflf","rank":76,"score":7.042600154876709},{"content":"Molecular modeling techniques were used to identify potential drugs from a database that could inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein, which is responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak and for which there is currently no vaccine. The S-protein was first solvated in water for molecular dynamics simulation, revealing an \"up\" to \"down\" conformation transition in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) with angles of 54.3 and","qid":33,"docid":"5vgfliv0","rank":77,"score":7.034599781036377},{"content":"Molecular modeling techniques were used to identify potential drugs from a database that could inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein, which is responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak and for which there is currently no vaccine. The S-protein was first solvated in water for molecular dynamics simulation, revealing an \"up\" to \"down\" conformation transition in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) with angles of 54.3 and","qid":33,"docid":"74xvvwrw","rank":78,"score":7.0345988273620605},{"content":"The passage discusses the global threat of COVID-19, which had infected over 6.9 million people and caused over 400,000 deaths as of June 8, 2020. The first case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread to over 200 countries. With no approved cure, there are concerns about the disease's origin, first-line therapies,","qid":33,"docid":"1ij25a7u","rank":79,"score":7.02269983291626},{"content":"A review of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) research over the past 55 years discusses potential vaccines against the virus, which can transform cells in vitro and is linked to various malignancies. Recombinant viral vectors, virus-like particles, and viral envelope glycoprotein formulations are being explored. While cell-mediated immune responses protect healthy carriers from malignancies, antibodies could prevent symptomatic primary in","qid":33,"docid":"t3eeks1n","rank":80,"score":7.0065999031066895},{"content":"An ethical dilemma arises when researchers seek to test a new vaccine for an epidemic disease, such as COVID-19, when an effective vaccine already exists. It would be unethical to withhold an effective vaccine from patients, particularly in less-resourced health systems where the trial could disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. However, there may be justification for a trial if the new vaccine is expected to have advantages over the existing product based on immunological","qid":33,"docid":"fzbu506l","rank":81,"score":7.001299858093262},{"content":"A proposed in silico vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 is presented in the article. The vaccine's effectiveness and safety were evaluated using in silico tools and servers, revealing no allergenicity and successful binding with Toll-like receptor (TLR) protein to elicit an immune response. The Normal Mode Analysis confirmed the stability and functionality of the vaccine-TLR protein binding interface. The in silico cloning model demonstrated the vaccine's efficacy","qid":33,"docid":"du2zxq96","rank":82,"score":6.992000102996826},{"content":"COVID-19, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread globally and is now classified as a pandemic. The disease affects people of all ages but those with comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, are at higher risk for severe forms and poor outcomes. The relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease is not fully understood, but it's believed to have both direct and indirect effects. Angiotensin-con","qid":33,"docid":"6wy9y2f0","rank":83,"score":6.985199928283691},{"content":"COVID-19, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread globally and is now classified as a pandemic. The disease affects people of all ages but those with comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, are at higher risk for severe forms and poor outcomes. The relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease is not fully understood, but it's believed to have both direct and indirect effects. Angiotensin-con","qid":33,"docid":"z3esk2dk","rank":84,"score":6.985198974609375},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of in silico trials, specifically the Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS) platform, to design and test COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. With no existing vaccines for coronaviruses and the urgent need for preventive interventions during the pandemic, in silico trials can help speed up the vaccine discovery pipeline and predict therapeutic failure and undesired effects. The UISS platform has shown agreement","qid":33,"docid":"48knj0tm","rank":85,"score":6.977399826049805},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of in silico trials, specifically the UISS platform, to design and test COVID-19 candidate vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. With no existing vaccines for coronaviruses and the urgent need for preventative and therapeutic interventions during the pandemic, in silico trials can help speed up the vaccine discovery pipeline and predict therapeutic failure and undesired effects. The UISS platform has shown agreement with the latest","qid":33,"docid":"71n1tgrw","rank":86,"score":6.977398872375488},{"content":"The passage discusses an attempt to identify a potential peptide vaccine candidate against COVID-19 using an immunoinformatics approach. The authors focused on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein as a vaccine target due to its role in initiating viral infection. A 9-mer peptide was predicted as a representative of both B-cell and T-cell epitopic regions, with desirable properties such as antigenicity and non-aller","qid":33,"docid":"1ir19s25","rank":87,"score":6.969900131225586},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop improved rabies vaccines using the glycoprotein G of the prototype rabies virus in monomer (RABV-mG) and trimeric (RABV-tG) configurations, with or without Matrix-M\u2122 adjuvant. Outbred mice were used to test the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the candidate vaccines. RABV-tG proved superior, inducing high levels of","qid":33,"docid":"nkq39uo1","rank":88,"score":6.9644999504089355},{"content":"The passage highlights the overall low methodological quality of COVID-19 research, using hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin studies as an example. The flawed methodology and sub-optimal reporting could lead to biased estimates of effect, potentially harming patients with ineffective or harmful treatment decisions. Researchers must focus on improving methodology and reporting, including considering harms to patients, to increase confidence in research findings.","qid":33,"docid":"safr9z37","rank":89,"score":6.9232001304626465},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic is related to the betacoronavirus that caused the SARS outbreak in 2002-2003. Insights gained from SARS vaccine development and two evaluated human vaccines may inform the design, testing, and implementation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.","qid":33,"docid":"ymoigqdw","rank":90,"score":6.919000148773193},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic is related to the betacoronavirus that caused the SARS outbreak in 2002-2003. Insights from SARS vaccine development and two evaluated human vaccines can inform the design, testing, and implementation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.","qid":33,"docid":"znx5p3yp","rank":91,"score":6.918999195098877},{"content":"Regulators worldwide need to make urgent and informed decisions on clinical trials and marketing authorizations for COVID-19 candidate drugs and vaccines, balancing flexibility with risk assessment and public safety. Eight \"pandemic best regulatory practices\" are suggested to support public health and ensure timely access to effective, safe, quality products during the crisis.","qid":33,"docid":"m95t84yz","rank":92,"score":6.88640022277832},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of the antimalarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as therapeutics against COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. With the world in a global health crisis and no preventative or curative vaccine available, there is interest in repurposing these age-old drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. The passage","qid":33,"docid":"4qmeylme","rank":93,"score":6.884799957275391},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of testing rates in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the rate of tests per detected case (Tests\/Case) being the key variable. A higher Tests\/Case rate is causally linked to effective contact tracing and isolation, resulting in a lower death rate. In contrast, per capita testing rate is a poor predictor of policy performance and can be misleading, as high testing rates in some cases may only indicate an out-of-","qid":33,"docid":"rjzther1","rank":94,"score":6.880199909210205},{"content":"A study was conducted to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine against COVID-19 using bioinformatics approaches. Three antigenic proteins (Nucleocapsid, ORF3a, and Membrane protein) from the virus were analyzed for potential immunogenic B and T-cell epitopes. Five rich-epitope domains were identified and a multi-epitope vaccine candidate (NOM) was constructed. The protein candidate was","qid":33,"docid":"c5uesg6p","rank":95,"score":6.876100063323975},{"content":"A study used bioinformatics approaches to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine against COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCoV. Three antigenic proteins (Nucleocapsid, ORF3a, and Membrane protein) were analyzed for potential immunogenic B and T-cell epitopes. Five rich-epitope domains were identified and a multi-epitope vaccine candidate (NOM) was","qid":33,"docid":"rwtv6yys","rank":96,"score":6.876099109649658},{"content":"The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing COVID-19 has resulted in over 7 million cases and nearly 413,000 deaths worldwide as of June 11, 2020. The virus shares significant sequence similarities with SARS-CoV, making its spike protein a potential drug and vaccine candidate. However, individual responses to the virus vary due to genetic differences in the human population, particularly in Angiot","qid":33,"docid":"ma4cet3z","rank":97,"score":6.869200229644775},{"content":"The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing COVID-19 has resulted in over 7 million cases and almost 413,000 deaths worldwide as of June 11, 2020. The virus shares significant sequence similarities with SARS-CoV, making its spike protein a potential drug and vaccine candidate. However, individual responses to the virus vary due to genetic differences in the human population, particularly in Angiot","qid":33,"docid":"tsrvt356","rank":98,"score":6.869199275970459},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop a COVID-19 vaccine using the measles virus as a backbone, expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Two variants were generated with different S protein expression levels. The one with lower expression levels was stable and induced high Th1-biased antibody and T cell responses in mice, including neutralizing IgG antibodies and S protein-specific CD8+ and CD4+","qid":33,"docid":"wc41epnv","rank":99,"score":6.86899995803833},{"content":"A new review discusses the ongoing research into pharmaceutical treatments for COVID-19, with a focus on drugs that inhibit viral replication or prevent the virus from binding to ACE2 receptors. Several supplements are also being explored as potential treatments. While some drugs show promise, further investigation is required before they can be admitted for use. The review examines various drugs and their mechanisms of action that are currently being tested or may be used in the future for COVID-","qid":33,"docid":"gl573ip9","rank":100,"score":6.866399765014648}]}
{"query":"What are the longer-term complications of those who recover from COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 690,000 confirmed cases and 33,000 deaths worldwide as of March 30, 2020. Public health strategies to control the spread include mitigation and suppression, which focus on reducing interactions. A new approach, shield immunity, uses serological tests to identify and deploy recovered individuals with antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 as focal points for safer","qid":34,"docid":"drj3al9t","rank":1,"score":12.207300186157227},{"content":"A 78-year-old man with a history of atrial fibration on warfarin recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia and was discharged to a nursing home. One month later, he presented to the emergency department with worsening shortness of breath and cough, and was found to have multiple segmental pulmonary emboli despite being on warfarin and having a supratherapeutic INR. This case highlights the risk of delayed","qid":34,"docid":"rhoo2k3r","rank":2,"score":11.178999900817871},{"content":"A meta-analysis was conducted to identify laboratory findings predicting a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Diabetes is a significant comorbidity associated with a poor clinical outcome and high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. The study aimed to determine which laboratory parameters distinguish patients with COVID-19 and diabetes who recovered from those who experienced complications or died.","qid":34,"docid":"tsd6sjcx","rank":3,"score":10.737099647521973},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges and opportunities in recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on older adults. Challenges include economic setbacks, health effects, and social issues like ageism, racism, and classism. Opportunities include increased technology use, stronger family connections, respect for self-care, awareness of advance directives, and potential interdisciplinary work on aging society. Ongoing efforts to improve policies and programs for longer, healthier lives may","qid":34,"docid":"i1wkv6bq","rank":4,"score":10.706700325012207},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges and opportunities in recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically focusing on older adults. Challenges include economic setbacks, health effects, and social issues like ageism, racism, and classism. Opportunities include increased technology use, stronger family connections, self-care awareness, and advance directive importance. Ongoing efforts to improve policies and programs for aging populations may be more productive due to increased public awareness.","qid":34,"docid":"i25su8kc","rank":5,"score":10.70669937133789},{"content":"This case series reviews the functional status and complications of 14 patients who underwent allograft reconstruction after Type III pelvic resections, which involve the removal of a portion or entire pubis while sparing the hip. The study found that all patients remained ambulatory, but reported varying levels of pain and had operative complications including infection, hernia, hip instability, dislocated total hip arthroplasty, and graft failure. The study","qid":34,"docid":"ziyo5umz","rank":6,"score":10.607999801635742},{"content":"The passage discusses the expected negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral health, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms, which may lead to increased alcohol or drug use. The authors propose a four-step services system to address behavioral health concerns, prioritizing prevention and limiting clinical services for extreme reactions. They suggest that interventions will need to change over time and be tailored to different groups, such as COVID-19 survivors, healthcare","qid":34,"docid":"8kp07f7i","rank":7,"score":10.604599952697754},{"content":"This study compared the clinical characteristics of patients who died from COVID-19 and those who recovered from the disease in Wuhan, China. The death group had a older median age, more underlying diseases, longer time from illness onset to hospitalization, higher proportions of dyspnea and expectoration symptoms, lower blood oxygen saturation, higher white blood cell count, lower lymphocyte count and percentage, and higher levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate trans","qid":34,"docid":"pby3i6wq","rank":8,"score":10.083000183105469},{"content":"This study investigated the significance of prophylactic drain placement after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) for gastric cancer. Seventy-eight patients were retrospectively analyzed, divided into a 'drain group' with routine use of a prophylactic drain and a 'no-drain group' without drain placement. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, or surg","qid":34,"docid":"06uy54qy","rank":9,"score":9.971599578857422},{"content":"A report details the cases of four newborns born to mothers who had recovered from COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy at Parma Hospital in Italy. All babies were delivered at term and tested negative for congenital COVID-19 infection. The findings suggest that adverse effects on fetuses from pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 infection in late pregnancy are unlikely.","qid":34,"docid":"c87a4sf8","rank":10,"score":9.892800331115723},{"content":"A report details four newborns born to mothers who recovered from COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy at Parma Hospital in Italy. All infants were delivered at term and did not have congenital COVID-19 infection. The findings suggest that adverse effects on fetuses from pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 infection in late pregnancy are unlikely.","qid":34,"docid":"eanwxkvt","rank":11,"score":9.892799377441406},{"content":"This study compared the clinical characteristics of 109 COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization and 116 recovered patients in Wuhan, China. The death group had older age, more underlying diseases, longer time from illness onset to hospitalization, higher proportions of dyspnea and expectoration, lower blood oxygen saturation, higher white blood cell count, lower lymphocyte count and percentage, and higher levels of alanine transaminase, as","qid":34,"docid":"en413zlr","rank":12,"score":9.887999534606934},{"content":"The passage reports on the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China during the epidemic outbreak. Of the 403 patients studied, 100 died and 303 recovered. Most non-survivors were males, old, or had chronic diseases. The average time from illness onset to admission was 9 days, but patients with severe or critical illness had longer wait times. Common symptoms included lymphopenia, anemia, hyp","qid":34,"docid":"x3c7zjvg","rank":13,"score":9.806599617004395},{"content":"The passage discusses the rehabilitation needs of survivors of COVID-19, acknowledging the limited understanding of the disease's long-term outcomes. The author identifies three areas relevant to rehabilitation: patient presentation with comorbidities, complications, and effects on various body systems; design of inpatient rehabilitation units and staffing considerations; and proposed guidelines for physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology to aid in respiratory","qid":34,"docid":"7l17lern","rank":14,"score":9.784500122070312},{"content":"The passage discusses the rehabilitation needs of survivors of COVID-19, acknowledging the limited understanding of the disease's long-term outcomes. The author identifies three areas relevant to rehabilitation: patient presentation with comorbidities, complications, and effects on various body systems; design of inpatient rehabilitation units with staffing and outpatient considerations; and proposed guidelines for physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology to aid in","qid":34,"docid":"gfzobzrg","rank":15,"score":9.784499168395996},{"content":"The passage discusses how certain populations, including the elderly, underrepresented minorities, and those with underlying medical conditions, are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. Consumption of diets high in saturated fats, sugars, and refined carbohydrates, known as Western diet, contributes to obesity and type 2 diabetes and increases the risk for severe COVID-19 pathology and mortality. These diets activate","qid":34,"docid":"b999y89f","rank":16,"score":9.741900444030762},{"content":"A rapid review of studies on the impact of previous pandemics on grief and bereavement found that they caused multiple losses related to death and disruption to social norms, increasing the risk of complicated grief. No research specifically focuses on the bereaved during a pandemic, and innovative ways to promote connection and adapt rituals while maintaining respect are necessary for effective post-bereavement support. Strong leadership and coordination among bereavement organizations are essential.","qid":34,"docid":"7tj94aue","rank":17,"score":9.696399688720703},{"content":"The passage discusses how certain populations, including the elderly, underrepresented minorities, and those with underlying medical conditions, are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. Consumption of Western diets, which are high in saturated fats, sugars, and refined carbohydrates, contributes to obesity and type II diabetes and increases the risk for severe COVID-19 pathology and mortality. These diets activate the immune","qid":34,"docid":"0999t5x0","rank":18,"score":9.657299995422363},{"content":"The passage discusses the current status of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection with declining case numbers in China and some European regions, contradictory mortality data, and the main complication being pneumonia with ARDS. Asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic cases with virus shedding are common, especially in children, and an effective antiviral therapy and vaccine are not yet established. Preparation for","qid":34,"docid":"1242ggxm","rank":19,"score":9.636899948120117},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the need to address the negative consequences of Covid-19 beyond just reducing infections and treating the ill. It highlights the importance of identifying interventions that improve multiple outcomes simultaneously, or \"accelerators,\" particularly in resource-constrained settings. These accelerators will be crucial for vulnerable groups, such as young children, adolescents, and those with critical needs in multiple areas. The recovery process from the epidemic will be challenging due to limited financial resources,","qid":34,"docid":"bhlp1acq","rank":20,"score":9.59529972076416},{"content":"A retrospective study of 417 COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen identified significant differences in demographics, clinical symptoms, and lab tests between mild-moderate and severe-critical cohorts. A mathematical model was developed using age, BMI, CD4(+) lymphocytes, and IL-6 levels to predict illness severity, with an AUC of 0.911. Risk factors for severe COVID","qid":34,"docid":"jkmtpin4","rank":21,"score":9.471699714660645},{"content":"This study investigated the clinical and laboratory features and short-term outcomes of 102 adult patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan, China between January 3 and February 1, 2020. The median age was 54 years and 48.0% were female. Thirty-four patients (33.3%) were exposed","qid":34,"docid":"4i1djfn9","rank":22,"score":9.46399974822998},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant challenge to the medical community, with an urgent need for effective pharmacologic treatments. At present, there are no licensed drugs for COVID-19, and ongoing clinical trials involve both repurposed drugs and new entities. A randomized controlled trial by Cao et al in Wuhan, China, tested lopinavir\u2013ritonavir against standard care, showing no benefits. A single arm study on remdesevir","qid":34,"docid":"tvs1snq8","rank":23,"score":9.320599555969238},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of innovation in recovering from the economic impact of Covid-19. The article also draws lessons from the response to the virus and their implications for managing innovation during the recovery process.","qid":34,"docid":"gd5btv69","rank":24,"score":9.318400382995605},{"content":"A rapid review of studies on the impact of previous pandemics on grief and bereavement found that they caused multiple losses beyond death itself, affecting the ability to connect with the deceased and increasing the risk of complicated grief. No research specifically focused on supporting the bereaved during a pandemic. Innovative ways to promote connection and adapt rituals while maintaining respect, along with strong leadership and coordination between bereavement organizations, are crucial for post-bereavement support.","qid":34,"docid":"bad72hhm","rank":25,"score":9.314900398254395},{"content":"A 79-year-old man with end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease was admitted to the hospital with a fever and dry cough, later diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia through RT-PCR. The patient was treated with oxygen, broad-spectrum antibiotics, antiviral drugs, methylprednisolone, and CRRT every 2 days. After 19 days, the patient tested negative for SARS-Co","qid":34,"docid":"cnzbxg1i","rank":26,"score":9.246899604797363},{"content":"A patient with refractory Myasthenia Gravis, undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapies, contracted COVID-19 and recovered successfully after a 14-day quarantine without complications or changes to her treatment. Individualized care is essential for managing Myasthenia Gravis patients with COVID-19.","qid":34,"docid":"ppod1igx","rank":27,"score":9.194499969482422},{"content":"A patient with refractory Myasthenia Gravis, undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapies, contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic. After a 14-day quarantine, she recovered without complications or need for changes to her immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis patients with COVID-19 should be individualized.","qid":34,"docid":"svgknqud","rank":28,"score":9.194499015808105},{"content":"The study aimed to assess the impact of complicated cholecystitis on the outcome of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) during one-stage treatment for cholecystitis with CBD stones. Of the 117 patients who underwent LC + LCBDE between 2008 and 2011, 87 had uncomplicated cholecystitis, and 30 had complicated chole","qid":34,"docid":"j4dybie1","rank":29,"score":9.193599700927734},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop data mining models for predicting COVID-19 patient recovery using South Korea's epidemiological dataset. Six algorithms (decision tree, support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor) were applied using Python. The decision tree model had the highest accuracy (99.85%) for predicting patient recovery from COVID-19. The models predicted minimum and maximum recovery days, high","qid":34,"docid":"dvg0isgt","rank":30,"score":9.129300117492676},{"content":"This study compared clinical, laboratory, and chest CT findings between critically ill COVID-19 patients who survived and those who died. The deceased patients were older, had higher CRP and NLR levels, and more often had medial or parahilar area involvement and diffuse lung involvement. Common radiological findings included ground-glass opacities, crazy-paving pattern, and air bronchogram. Deceased patients were more likely to have diabetes and emphysema","qid":34,"docid":"5zhmn92u","rank":31,"score":9.093700408935547},{"content":"This study compared clinical, laboratory, and chest CT findings between critically ill COVID-19 patients who survived and those who died. The deceased patients were older, had higher CRP and NLR levels, and more often had medial or parahilar area involvement and diffuse lung involvement. Common radiological findings included ground-glass opacities, crazy-paving pattern, and air bronchogram. Deceased patients were more likely to have comorbidities such as","qid":34,"docid":"wnd0ewz1","rank":32,"score":9.09369945526123},{"content":"This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing the persistence of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19. The median time from symptom onset to first negative RT-PCR result for oropharyngeal swabs was 9.5 days, but some patients still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens after a median duration of","qid":34,"docid":"3i8k3bo5","rank":33,"score":9.084799766540527},{"content":"A study of 253 patients with sudden olfactory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic found that those who tested positive for COVID-19 had a lower rate of total recovery (52.6% vs. 70.3%) and took longer to achieve it (15 days vs. 10 days) than those who tested negative. Among positive-COVID-19 patients, those with hyposmia (partial loss of smell) were more","qid":34,"docid":"s1mym0kq","rank":34,"score":9.053600311279297},{"content":"A single surgeon's initial experience with laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) was evaluated in this study compared to open total gastrectomy (OTG). Between 2009 and 2013, 134 OTG and 74 LTG procedures were performed. Advanced gastric cancer and D2 lymph node dissection were more common in the OTG group. Although LTG had","qid":34,"docid":"0ys6hqn7","rank":35,"score":8.982099533081055},{"content":"A retrospective study of 113 deceased and 161 recovered patients with COVID-19 at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China, found that deceased patients were older (median age 68 years vs. 51 years), more likely male (73% vs. 55%), and had more chronic hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities (48% and 14% vs. 24","qid":34,"docid":"hia1me9i","rank":36,"score":8.976499557495117},{"content":"A study of 253 patients with sudden olfactory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic found that those who tested positive for COVID-19 had a lower rate of total recovery (52.6% vs. 70.3%) and took longer to achieve it (15 days vs. 10 days) than those who tested negative. Among positive-COVID-19 patients, those with hyposmia (partial loss of smell) were more","qid":34,"docid":"diui92j4","rank":37,"score":8.936300277709961},{"content":"This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing the persistence of 2019-nCoV RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19. The median time for oropharyngeal swabs to test negative was 9.5 days, but some patients still tested positive for viral RNA in stool specimens after a median duration of 11 days and in urine specimens after throat swabs were negative. CD","qid":34,"docid":"dtmux7iq","rank":38,"score":8.888500213623047},{"content":"A scoping review identified the needs of individuals recovering from their first episode of mental illness. These needs encompassed emotional, psychological, social, informational, functional, practical, and relationship aspects. While some assessment tools have been used, they were primarily designed for people with severe and persistent mental illness and may not fully capture the needs of first-episode patients. Four established tools were found, but they may not adequately reflect all discovered needs and were mostly developed for long-","qid":34,"docid":"9dfg295j","rank":39,"score":8.776300430297852},{"content":"A prospective study compared the unilateral axillo-breast approach (UABA) and modified anterior chest wall approach (MACWA) in endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) for benign thyroid lesions. No significant difference was found in clinicopathologic characteristics. The surgical time was longer in UABA group but postoperative pain was lower. UABA had a higher rate of persistent paresthesia, neck contracture, and","qid":34,"docid":"2062233b","rank":40,"score":8.715800285339355},{"content":"This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing the persistence of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19. The median time from symptom onset to first negative RT-PCR result for oropharyngeal swabs was 9.5 days, but stool specimens still tested positive for viral RNA in 16.7% of","qid":34,"docid":"bcl5776f","rank":41,"score":8.701000213623047},{"content":"A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of disordered eating behavior (DEB) in a Danish cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to characterize those with DEB regarding metabolic control and clinical data. The study included 192 participants aged 11-19 years with T1D, of whom 21% had DEB. The prevalence was higher among girls (34.","qid":34,"docid":"8st4kg8g","rank":42,"score":8.690099716186523},{"content":"A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of disordered eating behavior (DEB) in a Danish cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to characterize those with DEB regarding metabolic control and clinical data. The study included 192 participants aged 11-19 years with T1D, of whom 40 (21%) had DEB. The prevalence was higher among girls (","qid":34,"docid":"sx1zgb2d","rank":43,"score":8.690098762512207},{"content":"A study of 86 patients who underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse between 2014 and 2016 identified gastrointestinal complications and their causes. Prolonged hospital stays were experienced by 27 patients, primarily due to nausea and vomiting. Most recovered with hydration, stopping oral intake, and antiemetics. Three patients required nasogastric decom","qid":34,"docid":"1m8pn9e7","rank":44,"score":8.664799690246582},{"content":"The editorial discusses the future outlook for managing COVID-19 effectively, focusing on long-term strategies for controlling coronavirus infection.","qid":34,"docid":"hu9oxea1","rank":45,"score":8.648699760437012},{"content":"A study compared the long-term results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) to those of gastric bypass surgeries using a matched group of patients. The LSG group had a shorter surgical time and less blood loss, with a major complication rate of 1.6% and an average hospital stay of 3.0 days. The LSG patients lost 28.3% of their initial body weight after 5 years","qid":34,"docid":"oz6lmaj8","rank":46,"score":8.607999801635742},{"content":"A 52-year-old renal transplant recipient, who had undergone the procedure 12 years prior, contracted COVID-19 pneumonia. His symptoms and lab results, along with chest CT scans, were similar to non-transplanted COVID-19 patients. Successful recovery was achieved through reduced immunosuppressant use and low dose methylprednisolone-based therapy. This case provides valuable insight for treating other trans","qid":34,"docid":"cwmw3ru9","rank":47,"score":8.598199844360352},{"content":"A 52-year-old renal transplant recipient, who had undergone the procedure 12 years prior, contracted COVID-19 pneumonia. His symptoms and lab results, along with chest CT scans, were similar to non-transplanted COVID-19 patients. Successful recovery was achieved through reduced immunosuppressant use and low dose methylprednisolone-based therapy. This case provides valuable insight for treating other trans","qid":34,"docid":"t2np6qa5","rank":48,"score":8.598198890686035},{"content":"The study aimed to assess long-term functional outcomes and complications of continent cutaneous diversion using the Lundiana pouch. At 90 days post-surgery, 23% of patients experienced a complication of Clavien-Dindo grade \u2265III. At a median follow-up of 13 years, 54% of patients had undergone at least one re-operation, with uretero-intestinal stricture being","qid":34,"docid":"d4rhaogf","rank":49,"score":8.551400184631348},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the adoption of robotic gastrectomy and compare outcomes between robotic and open gastric resections at Sanchinarro University Hospital from 2011 to 2017. The analysis was based on 20 robotic and 19 open surgery patients with similar demographics. Robotic resection resulted in less blood loss, a shorter hospital stay, and a longer operating time, while complication rates and pathological data","qid":34,"docid":"v0v91qov","rank":50,"score":8.544099807739258},{"content":"The study compared IgM and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic and recovered patients. Hospitalized patients had significantly higher IgG levels against the S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) within days of symptom onset, while those who recovered from milder COVID-19 reached similar levels after 28 days. IgM levels were elevated early in both groups, but decreased in hospitalized cases with longer disease","qid":34,"docid":"m2jal43g","rank":51,"score":8.506799697875977},{"content":"A retrospective study of 123 patients with lung oligometastases from colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and renal-cell carcinoma undergoing radiofrequency ablation was conducted to evaluate long-term survival. The median follow-up was 45.7 months, and the 5-year OS and RFS rates were 62%","qid":34,"docid":"9ru3gzdc","rank":52,"score":8.481100082397461},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the resulting disease COVID-19, have emerged in the 21st century, adding to the century's trend of RNA viruses causing pandemics and millions of deaths. The virus is continuing to spread with a moderate case fatality rate and lack of previous human exposure, raising concerns about its potential to become endemic. Continuous monitoring is necessary to prevent the selection of escape mutants and their disse","qid":34,"docid":"mhytn634","rank":53,"score":8.479000091552734},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the disease COVID-19 emerged suddenly in the 21st century, causing a rapid outbreak with a moderate case fatality rate. Due to the lack of previous human exposure, there is concern about the virus's potential to establish itself as an endemic disease and acquire mutations that could infect individuals with pre-existing immunity. Continuous monitoring is necessary to prevent the selection of escape mutants and their disse","qid":34,"docid":"rhpjosih","rank":54,"score":8.478999137878418},{"content":"Twelve patients with fusiform vertebrobasilar aneurysms underwent Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) flow diversion at a single US center using novel strategies. Eleven patients had symptoms, one had a dissecting aneurysm. The average aneurysm size was 13.25 \u00b1 4.5 mm, none were ruptured or previously treated. The average clinical and radiological follow-up durations were ","qid":34,"docid":"mq3ff34o","rank":55,"score":8.467900276184082},{"content":"The passage suggests that while the coronavirus outbreak may cause short-term damage to economic activity, a strong rebound is likely once disruption and uncertainty fade. Historical evidence from recessions and natural disasters supports this view, with most long-term impacts contained. However, there are risks to this view, including the potential for a longer period of disruption, policy actions, and vulnerabilities in the corporate sector and trade relations, which could have persistent effects on global activity.","qid":34,"docid":"jlvvtv52","rank":56,"score":8.443900108337402},{"content":"This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The search identified 1963 studies and 87 preprints, of which 65 peer-reviewed studies and seven preprints met inclusion","qid":34,"docid":"853ipgea","rank":57,"score":8.423399925231934},{"content":"This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The search identified 1963 studies and 87 preprints, of which 65 peer-reviewed studies and seven preprints met inclusion","qid":34,"docid":"oshov14d","rank":58,"score":8.423398971557617},{"content":"This study evaluates the utility and technique of hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDoN), which has been performed since 2006 for minimal invasion and patient safety. Among 72 donors from 2008-2011, all completed the procedure without conversion, and none experienced delayed graft function or ureteric problems. However, longer knife-to-removal times and right nephrect","qid":34,"docid":"248uofgi","rank":59,"score":8.405200004577637},{"content":"The study aimed to assess the case fatality risk (CFR) of COVID-19 in mainland China, stratified by region and clinical category, and estimate key time-intervals. Data was collected from publicly available sources from December 29, 2019 to April 17, 2020. The estimated national CFR was 5.65% (95%CI: 5.50%-5.81%","qid":34,"docid":"1n7dx35k","rank":60,"score":8.394399642944336},{"content":"A growing number of COVID-19 patients who tested negative after recovery later tested positive. SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in semen and cerebrospinal fluid of severe COVID-19 patients. As immune privilege sites, testes and central nervous system could allow SARS-CoV-2 to hide, proliferate, and spread again. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 presence, attack, and re-emerg","qid":34,"docid":"ocdyqqqw","rank":61,"score":8.371600151062012},{"content":"Healthcare workers have faced mental health challenges while treating COVID-19 patients, with previous pandemics providing insight into these issues. A rapid review of 40 qualitative studies identified eight themes transcending pandemics, time, and geographical boundaries, including fear, trauma, moral distress, burnout, stigma, social support, organizational support, and self-care. Learning from past experiences can help mitigate negative mental health effects and support the long-term wellbeing of","qid":34,"docid":"6gc7smqf","rank":62,"score":8.368800163269043},{"content":"Ten renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 pneumonia and ten family members with the same condition served as a control group in this retrospective study. Immunosuppressant reduction and low-dose methylprednisolone therapy were used. The transplant recipients had more severe pneumonia, longer virus shedding, and longer illness duration. Five patients experienced transient renal allograft damage, and nine recovered. One patient died due","qid":34,"docid":"7pd7dtuw","rank":63,"score":8.35099983215332},{"content":"A retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation who received Tocilizumab treatment versus those who did not. The study group had a higher average HS score, indicating more severe inflammation, and higher levels of IL-6, triglycerides, AST, and ferritin. The length of stay was longer and survival rate was higher in the Tociliz","qid":34,"docid":"m7aworz8","rank":64,"score":8.338000297546387},{"content":"A study using a national inpatient database found that lower volume hospitals and surgeons performing robotic colorectal surgery had significantly more complications, longer length of stays, and higher costs compared to high volume providers. High volume providers had lower rates of postoperative bleeding and ileus. The results suggest that the majority of robotic colorectal procedures are being performed by lower volume providers, negatively impacting quality outcomes measures. It is recommended that robotics be limited to high","qid":34,"docid":"wfgrqjn4","rank":65,"score":8.318699836730957},{"content":"The demand for internationally comparable health estimates has increased due to new development goals and funding institutions, leading to debates about their validity and legitimacy. Global health estimates are influenced by social, economic, political, and ideational contexts and are often produced far from the localities where they will be used. While internationally standardized indicators are necessary, locally relevant and socially robust data are essential for effective use in health decision-making. Engaging local actors and building trust through","qid":34,"docid":"iig60vp7","rank":66,"score":8.304300308227539},{"content":"The passage discusses the search for a coronavirus cure using antibodies from people who have recovered from COVID-19. The antibodies, found in their blood, can be used to create various therapies, including convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibody therapies. Scientists believe these approaches could lead to novel therapies specifically designed to treat the infection faster than repurposing existing drugs. Multiple methods are being pursued to harvest and manufacture these antib","qid":34,"docid":"nxaoh7gg","rank":67,"score":8.282099723815918},{"content":"Intestinal\/multivisceral transplantation has become the standard treatment for children with irreversible intestinal failure and complications from long-term parenteral nutrition. Indications include short bowel length, absence of ileocecal valve, colonic resection, and malabsorptive syndromes. Cholestasis from total parenteral nutrition increases the risk of transplant for those with persistent hyperbilirubinem","qid":34,"docid":"5iofpvx2","rank":68,"score":8.268600463867188},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic occurred during economic uncertainties, deepening existing issues in the global economy. To recover, structural reform, new technology, and re-integration are crucial, supported by strong public policies and a new \"global social contract.\"","qid":34,"docid":"hgsckys9","rank":69,"score":8.26039981842041},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the impact of a longer alimentary limb length on weight reduction after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. The analysis included 730 patients who underwent primary laparoscopic RYGB between 2001 and 2011, with 360 receiving a short limb (100 cm) and 370 a long limb (15","qid":34,"docid":"404fkbpx","rank":70,"score":8.245400428771973},{"content":"This study investigated the characteristics and serological patterns of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors to identify optimal donor selection criteria. The study found that S-RBD-specific IgG antibodies increased after 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms, with higher levels in donors who had fever exceeding 38.5\u00b0C or lasting longer than 3 days. Of the 49 convalescent plasma donors, 90%","qid":34,"docid":"9rca92j5","rank":71,"score":8.239999771118164},{"content":"This study investigated the characteristics and serological patterns of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors to identify optimal donor selection criteria. The study found that S-RBD-specific IgG antibodies increased after 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms, with higher levels in donors who had fever exceeding 38.5\u00b0C or lasting longer than 3 days. Of the 49 convalescent plasma donors, 90%","qid":34,"docid":"px00uyo3","rank":72,"score":8.239998817443848},{"content":"The world is experiencing a disaster with COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which has infected 1,773,084 people and killed 111,652 globally as of April 13, 2020. Underlying diseases like diabetes and hypertension increase the risk of severe disease or mortality from COVID-19. Patients with endocrine diseases such as diabetes m","qid":34,"docid":"bqm6ty79","rank":73,"score":8.21560001373291},{"content":"The world is experiencing a disaster with COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which has infected 1,773,084 people and killed 111,652 globally as of April 13, 2020. Underlying diseases like diabetes and hypertension increase the risk of severe disease or mortality from COVID-19. Patients with endocrine diseases such as diabetes m","qid":34,"docid":"n4gece0x","rank":74,"score":8.215599060058594},{"content":"The study investigated the shedding duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper (nasopharyngeal swab) and lower (sputum) respiratory tract specimens among 68 adult COVID-19 patients. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in sputum specimens for a significantly longer duration (median 34 days, IQR 24-4","qid":34,"docid":"cuw1aowj","rank":75,"score":8.203800201416016},{"content":"A study conducted using a Delphi process identified factors important to patients when deciding to start treatment for hepatitis C (HCV). Treatment effectiveness, longer life, fear of complications, financial issues, quality of life, and impact on society were considered important. Patients prioritized fear of harming others over physical symptoms. Medication and doctor costs were the most significant costs for patients. The study highlights the importance of considering psychological and socioeconomic challenges beyond virologic cure","qid":34,"docid":"j7xlwlc2","rank":76,"score":8.189399719238281},{"content":"A retrospective study of 70 patients who developed pneumothorax after endoscopic lung volume reduction with valves found that 18% of patients experienced this complication. Most patients required chest tube insertion (87%), some required valve removal (44%), and a few underwent surgical intervention (19%). Despite the pneumothorax, patients showed modest but significant improvements in lung function parameters. Only 21","qid":34,"docid":"xy5cn4rv","rank":77,"score":8.184499740600586},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted on Covid-19 in people living with HIV, revealing severe lymphopenia and decreased CD4+ T cell counts. Elevated inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and TNF-alpha were common. Out of 72 hospitalized individuals, 19 (26.","qid":34,"docid":"qyo9x78w","rank":78,"score":8.16469955444336},{"content":"A study was conducted to examine the long-term growth effects of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal beef calves. Cryptosporidiosis, caused by Cryptosporidium spp., can lead to diarrhea, dehydration, and death in calves. The parasite's tough outer wall allows it to survive in moist conditions for several months and resist common farm disinfectants. While most cases are self-limiting","qid":34,"docid":"wdpgo5km","rank":79,"score":8.130499839782715},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the relationship between social and economic inequality, health equity, and population health. To improve population health, economic recovery, and prepare for future pandemics, the essay suggests near-term and long-term interventions such as universal health insurance, paid sick leave, upgraded wage insurance policies, tax reform, investments in parental leave, child care, and education, and upgraded government record systems. These policies aim to reduce health disparities and promote social","qid":34,"docid":"1ihm08gq","rank":80,"score":8.128000259399414},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the relationship between social and economic inequality, health equity, and population health. To improve population health, economic recovery, and prepare for future pandemics, the essay suggests near-term and long-term interventions such as universal health insurance, paid sick leave, upgraded wage insurance policies, tax reform, investments in parental leave, child care, and education, and upgraded government record systems. These policies aim to reduce health disparities and promote social","qid":34,"docid":"pyzh9fo8","rank":81,"score":8.127999305725098},{"content":"The passage discusses the economic unsustainability of current social distancing measures to control COVID-19 in the US and the need for models to explore relaxation options. The authors present models inspired by information cascades, assuming containment of the virus in isolated locales is no longer possible. They predict COVID-19 contagion trends in different geographic regions under various policy scenarios and apply their model to over 30 highly impacted states in the US. Results can be found","qid":34,"docid":"5rz7gk3m","rank":82,"score":8.119400024414062},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 with respiratory symptoms. Patients can experience various degrees of illness from asymptomatic to respiratory failure with ARDS. A potential complication is pulmonary fibrosis, leading to chronic breathing difficulties, disability, and reduced quality of life. The cause is not fully understood but may be related to the immune response. Previous SARS","qid":34,"docid":"4b45gh77","rank":83,"score":8.11769962310791},{"content":"A retrospective study compared the incidence and severity of acute appendicitis (AA) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in four high-volume centers in Jerusalem, Israel. The study identified 378 patients, with 237 in the pre-COVID-19 group and 141 in the COVID-19 group. The weekly incidence of AA decreased by 40.7% following the onset of COVID-","qid":34,"docid":"yro3xoh4","rank":84,"score":8.115599632263184},{"content":"Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a global health issue, is linked to a substantial number of cardiovascular events, primarily arrhythmias, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. These events occur in all-cause CAP and CAP caused by influenza, and more recently, in COVID-19 infections. Research focuses on understanding the mechanisms of these cardiac events in pneumococcal CAP and COVID-19,","qid":34,"docid":"k0kud80s","rank":85,"score":8.096500396728516},{"content":"The study investigated the shedding duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper (nasopharyngeal swabs) and lower (sputum) respiratory tract specimens among 68 adult COVID-19 inpatients. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in sputum specimens for a significantly longer duration (median: 34 days, IQR: ","qid":34,"docid":"f5scvnpf","rank":86,"score":8.095600128173828},{"content":"A mathematical model is proposed to help countries decide when to re-open their economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors to consider include healthcare capacity, population size, physical distancing measures, socio-economic disparities, lockdown regulations, and testing accuracy. The model suggests observing the total number of recoveries in relation to total cases to assess the risk of re-opening. The global surge in COVID-19 cases and resulting economic devastation highlight the","qid":34,"docid":"q5efqr7r","rank":87,"score":8.077799797058105},{"content":"A study was conducted to analyze the impact of India's historic 21-day national lockdown on the total number of COVID-19 cases using epidemiological forecasting models and Bayesian estimation algorithms. The results showed that the lockdown prevented roughly 343,000 (up to 1.8 million) and 2.4 million (up to 38.4 million) COVID-19 cases nationwide compared to social distancing alone by","qid":34,"docid":"3a3c8ee1","rank":88,"score":8.063199996948242},{"content":"A retrospective study of 55 COVID-19 patients in northeast China who fully recovered analyzed their treatment processes. Fifty-three patients (96.36%) received antiviral therapy, with umifenovir for mild cases (median treatment: 14 days) and lopinavir\/ritonavir for severe cases (median treatment: 17.5 days). Twenty-nine patients (52.72","qid":34,"docid":"hc0za6fh","rank":89,"score":8.0600004196167},{"content":"A study was conducted to analyze the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for ileocecal Crohn's disease in obese patients. The study included 100 patients with a mean age of 39.7 years, of whom 42 were male. The overall complication rate was 20%, with three anastomotic leaks and seven reoperations within the first 30 days post-surgery. The median length of","qid":34,"docid":"ktcjgnka","rank":90,"score":8.057999610900879},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is drawing scientific attention to potential long-term endocrine complications. Based on past experience with SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in 2003, this article explores the possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the endocrine system.","qid":34,"docid":"hcla915y","rank":91,"score":8.054200172424316},{"content":"A retrospective study was conducted to understand the relevance of Person-Generated Health Data (PGHD) for early detection, monitoring, and management of COVID-19 using data from a large-scale digital participatory surveillance study. Three cohorts were derived: individuals diagnosed with flu before the pandemic, those diagnosed during the pandemic, and those diagnosed with COVID-19. Self-reported symptoms, demographic data, comorbidities, and physiological parameters from commercial","qid":34,"docid":"2bz9u8k0","rank":92,"score":8.05109977722168},{"content":"A qualitative systematic review was conducted to understand factors influencing ART adherence and engagement decisions among HIV-positive individuals in Africa. Ninety-five studies were included, revealing three main themes. First, HIV-positive people face numerous challenges, including poverty, social identity, stigma, and medical pluralism, which can hinder ART initiation and maintenance. Second, the healthcare system is perceived as uninviting and punishing, leading some individuals to disengage","qid":34,"docid":"wdik9jcz","rank":93,"score":8.047800064086914},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, the number of Acute Care Surgery procedures significantly decreased in three tertiary care hospitals. The mean number of patients per day and hospital was 58.9% lower during the pandemic period. The time from symptoms onset to patient arrival at the Emergency Department was longer, and the types of surgical procedures changed. Acute cholecystitis and complications from previous elective procedures decreased, while bowel","qid":34,"docid":"kacjdolq","rank":94,"score":8.039400100708008},{"content":"A study conducted at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of 334 deceased and 733 recovered Covid-19 patients. The mean age of deceased patients was significantly higher than that of recovered patients, with the highest mortality rate observed in older age groups. Most patients in the age groups of 30-39 and 40-49 years recovered. The median duration of hospitalization was 9","qid":34,"docid":"460sr6iw","rank":95,"score":8.037400245666504},{"content":"The author expresses gratitude and compassion towards those supporting him and his wife during self-isolation, including frontline workers and family members. He extends compassion to communities affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and socio-political disasters, such as young women bee-keepers in Uganda. In the UK context, he expresses concern over funding cuts for public health services and their impact on the country's response to the pandemic. The author also reflects on changes in","qid":34,"docid":"c6muso58","rank":96,"score":8.026300430297852},{"content":"The American Water Works Association (AWWA) celebrates its 139th birthday during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Water professionals are rising to the challenge by ensuring access to safe, reliable water, which is critical in halting the spread of the virus. Handwashing, a simple yet essential practice, has become a societal obsession due to its importance in personal hygiene and public health. Water utility workers and businesses are considered essential, and utilities are suspending","qid":34,"docid":"sk86rbap","rank":97,"score":8.005900382995605},{"content":"A case series study of 158 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection at two New York City hospitals from March 13 to April 19, 2020, found that 22% had moderate or severe disease. These women were more likely to have underlying medical comorbidities, asthma, leukopenia, elevated aspartate transaminase and ferritin, and symptoms of cough and chest pain or pressure. Ten","qid":34,"docid":"mdesyj4m","rank":98,"score":8.002599716186523},{"content":"A case series study of 158 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection in New York City from March 13 to April 19, 2020, found that 22% had moderate or severe disease, with higher likelihood of underlying medical comorbidities, asthma, leukopenia, elevated aspartate transaminase and ferritin, and symptoms of cough and chest pain or pressure. Thirteen women required hospitalization","qid":34,"docid":"q0g65wyw","rank":99,"score":8.002598762512207},{"content":"A study compared short-term outcomes of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) and open total gastrectomy (OTG) in gastric cancer patients. Seventy matched cases were analyzed. Although LTG operation time was similar to OTG, esophagojejunostomy time was longer in LTG (43 vs 14 min, P < .05) and anastomotic complications were more","qid":34,"docid":"sdsof4ua","rank":100,"score":7.986499786376953}]}
{"query":"What new public datasets are available related to COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"This paper explores the use of transfer learning from non-COVID19 lung lesions to aid in the segmentation of COVID-19 infection areas in CT images. Using a publicly available COVID-19 dataset and three non-COVID19 datasets, the study evaluates four transfer learning methods with 3D U-Net as a standard encoder-decoder. The results demonstrate the benefits of transferring knowledge from non-COVID19 lung lesions and the","qid":35,"docid":"h8k1jur8","rank":1,"score":10.304499626159668},{"content":"A dataset of over 10,000 news article links related to the Coronavirus pandemic in Swiss media, published since early January 2020, is released for mining and analysis. The collection aims to provide insightful information for further research on the Swiss media's reaction to the pandemic.","qid":35,"docid":"fu373osb","rank":2,"score":9.947199821472168},{"content":"The passage introduces CoAID (COVID-19 Healthcare Misinformation Dataset), which aims to help researchers combat misinformation related to COVID-19. The dataset includes 1,896 news articles, 183,564 user engagements, 516 social platform posts, and ground truth labels. It is available at https:\/\/github.com\/cuilimeng\/CoAID. The spread of COVID-19 mis","qid":35,"docid":"e2zz90sp","rank":3,"score":9.894499778747559},{"content":"A study was conducted to explore public opinions towards COVID-19 on social media by comparing sentiment and discussed topics between California and New York. A dataset of COVID-19-related tweets was collected from March 5, 2020 to April 2, 2020, and two individual datasets were created based on geolocation tags. Sentiment analysis revealed more negative sentiment scores in California tweets, while topic modeling identified \"protective measures\" as","qid":35,"docid":"onipxf2z","rank":4,"score":9.870499610900879},{"content":"The COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge released a corpus of scholarly articles in response to the pandemic's accelerating literature growth. The challenge calls for machine learning approaches to help bridge the gap between researchers and publications. This study uses BERT and GPT-2, pre-trained NLP models, for text summarization on the dataset. Evaluation was done using ROUGE scores and visual inspection, resulting in abstractive and comprehensive summaries based on article keywords. These","qid":35,"docid":"6oiaf2cc","rank":5,"score":9.851799964904785},{"content":"This study explores the use of deep learning for early identification of COVID-19 from chest X-ray (CXR) images. The authors discuss the potential challenges and limitations, specifically the small size of available COVID data and the potential bias introduced by transfer-learning from larger non-COVID datasets. They present results from a medium-sized COVID CXR dataset collected during the pandemic peak in Northern Italy, contributing to the validation of preliminary results and the assessment of deep learning's ability","qid":35,"docid":"k31dagdy","rank":6,"score":9.577500343322754},{"content":"The Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool is a web-based application that quickly and accurately identifies and characterizes SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sequences from next-generation sequencing datasets. It can process up to 2000 sequences per submission and classify SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with high accuracy. The tool allows tracking of new viral mutations and","qid":35,"docid":"88hswyln","rank":7,"score":9.132100105285645},{"content":"A new open access Twitter dataset has been created, focusing on institutional and news media accounts related to COVID-19. The dataset includes 69 accounts, with 17 being government and international organizations, and 52 being news media from North America, Europe, and Asia. This data aims to increase availability for social science research on the global crisis.","qid":35,"docid":"5o12mbut","rank":8,"score":9.120100021362305},{"content":"A new system called POCOVID-Net was developed for automatic detection of COVID-19 using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) imaging. The dataset used consists of 1103 images from 64 videos, with 654 COVID-19, 277 bacterial pneumonia, and 172 healthy control cases. POCOVID-Net, a deep convolutional neural network, achieved an accuracy of","qid":35,"docid":"vw6kpuz4","rank":9,"score":9.116499900817871},{"content":"The Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool is a web-based application that quickly and accurately identifies and characterizes SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sequences from next generation sequencing datasets. It can process up to 2,000 sequences per submission and classify SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with high accuracy. The tool allows tracking of new viral mutations and a","qid":35,"docid":"st5idleq","rank":10,"score":9.102499961853027},{"content":"A new public health dataset and algorithm were developed for recognizing flu-like symptoms (sneeze and cough) from videos. Due to the high complexity and large variation of these actions, as well as numerous similar background actions, this is a challenging problem. The proposed algorithm uses two types of Action Matching Kernels to integrate space-time layout and Bag-of-Words representations. The approach achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-arts and is evaluated on both","qid":35,"docid":"gm1e9j80","rank":11,"score":8.969599723815918},{"content":"This passage discusses the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and the need to analyze data to understand the trend of disease spreading and death. The authors propose an algorithm to analyze the spread factor (f) and assess risk factors using datasets from ourworldindata.org. They compare the performance of vanilla, stacked, bidirectional, and multilayer Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) models for forecasting","qid":35,"docid":"30ri8v61","rank":12,"score":8.962200164794922},{"content":"The passage discusses the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and the need to analyze data to understand the trend of disease spreading and death. The authors propose an algorithm to analyze the spread factor (f) and assess risk factors using datasets from ourworldindata.org. They compare the performance of vanilla, stacked, bidirectional, and multilayer Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) models for forecasting","qid":35,"docid":"5ll60v8p","rank":13,"score":8.962199211120605},{"content":"A COVID-19 Instagram dataset has been made available by the researchers for the research community. The dataset, which includes multilingual content collected since March 30, 2020, aims to help understand the dynamics of the coronavirus pandemic's impact on Instagram as a major social media platform. It could also be useful in studying the propagation of misinformation related to the outbreak.","qid":35,"docid":"lqhainz3","rank":14,"score":8.916000366210938},{"content":"A research paper explores the information of 133 RNA viruses using mathematical and computational tools, including distance metrics, Kolmogorov complexity, and Shannon information. The paper discusses computational tools like hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling for identifying patterns in the data. The authors apply these methods to examine RNA data, comparing normalized compression distance, entropy, and Jensen\u2013Shannon divergence in two and three dimensions. The findings","qid":35,"docid":"psh5jevz","rank":15,"score":8.908699989318848},{"content":"A new question answering dataset called CovidQA has been created specifically for COVID-19 content, with 124 question-article pairs as of the current version 0.1 release. The dataset was built manually using knowledge from Kaggle's COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge. It is the first publicly available resource of its kind and can be used to evaluate the zero-shot or transfer capabilities of existing models on COVID-19 topics. The dataset's","qid":35,"docid":"vaeyoxv7","rank":16,"score":8.871299743652344},{"content":"The passage describes a study on developing an automated segmentation pipeline for identifying COVID-19 infected regions in chest CT scans using a 3D U-Net architecture. Due to limited publicly available COVID-19 imaging data, the method generates unique and random image patches through preprocessing and data augmentation to prevent overfitting. The study reports high accuracy and robustness with Dice similarity coefficients of 0.956 for lungs and 0.761 for","qid":35,"docid":"xh1s6x4n","rank":17,"score":8.861800193786621},{"content":"A collection of 31 transcriptome datasets from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, related to viral respiratory tract infections and vaccinations, has been made publicly available for research investigators to study transcriptional responses. The datasets were retrieved from whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and quality control checks were performed. Users can access the data through a custom web application, generate customized graphical views, and browse a single gene","qid":35,"docid":"xsmn1osi","rank":18,"score":8.810500144958496},{"content":"A new method for automated theme-based visualization of COVID-19 research is presented in this paper. Using advanced data modeling, information mapping, and trend analysis, the authors developed a top-down and bottom-up browsing and search interface for quick discovery of research topics and resources. The method was applied to two COVID-19 publication datasets, revealing increased research efforts in social distancing, cross-domain initiatives, evolving medical topics, and the virus's trajectory in different","qid":35,"docid":"hn37wkhf","rank":19,"score":8.809700012207031},{"content":"A study aimed to evaluate the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automatic detection of Covid-19 from X-ray images. Two datasets of X-ray images were used, including confirmed Covid-19 cases, common bacterial pneumonia, and normal conditions. Transfer learning was adopted to improve detection in small medical image datasets. The best results obtained were 96.78% accuracy, 98.66% sensitivity, and 9","qid":35,"docid":"x4clpzte","rank":20,"score":8.782600402832031},{"content":"The CoronaVis project aims to analyze tweets about the COVID-19 pandemic to understand topic modeling, subjectivity, and human emotions. The data, collected from tweets in the USA, can provide insights into public behavior and assist in managing the economic and social crisis during the pandemic. The project has generated data analytics over time and made a cleaned and processed dataset, named CoronaVis Twitter dataset, available to the research community to help find valuable insights and create applications to combat the pandemic and","qid":35,"docid":"iajw2s5w","rank":21,"score":8.635100364685059},{"content":"Aim is to develop a medical dialogue system for COVID-19 consultations due to hospital closures and shortage of medical professionals. Two COVID-19 dialogue datasets, CovidDialog, were collected and used to train dialogue generation models based on Transformer, GPT, and BERT-GPT. Due to small dataset size, transfer learning was used to mitigate overfitting by finetuning pretrained models on CovidDialog datasets. Experiments showed promising results, but more advanced","qid":35,"docid":"tprgbl51","rank":22,"score":8.529500007629395},{"content":"A multilingual dataset of social media posts related to COVID-19, consisting of microblogs in English from Twitter, Japanese from Twitter, and Chinese from Weibo, has been released. The data covers posts from January 20, 2020, to March 24, 2020. The dataset is expected to help in efficient communication of precautions related to COVID-19 through text-mining analysis, such as daily word clouds","qid":35,"docid":"o8b1rtux","rank":23,"score":8.51729965209961},{"content":"Researchers explored the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) to investigate the virus's impact on people with intellectual disabilities. They identified 259 relevant articles, which they clustered into five topics: mental health, viral diseases, diagnoses and treatments, maternal care and paediatrics, and genetics. The CORD-19 dataset offers valuable information on both COVID-19 and intellectual disabilities, and researchers suggest","qid":35,"docid":"pksis5da","rank":24,"score":8.492899894714355},{"content":"Researchers explored the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) to investigate the virus's impact on people with intellectual disabilities. They identified 259 relevant articles, which they clustered into five topics: mental health, viral diseases, diagnoses and treatments, maternal care and paediatrics, and genetics. The CORD-19 dataset offers valuable information on both COVID-19 and intellectual disabilities, and researchers suggest","qid":35,"docid":"sg8epmf0","rank":25,"score":8.492898941040039},{"content":"A new method is presented in this paper for summarizing and predicting time series data, specifically applied to COVID-19 data. The algorithm uses a hierarchical approach to generate shapelets, or patterns, from clustered data and assigns labels to individual time series based on nearest neighbor search with dynamic time warping. The labeled sequences allow for prediction of individual time series. The method is evaluated on two COVID-19 datasets, one for daily net cases and one for daily deaths","qid":35,"docid":"s8flrw7q","rank":26,"score":8.480299949645996},{"content":"A study proposes using deep learning (DL) with chest X-Ray images for COVID-19 screening due to limitations of PCR tests. However, the availability of COVID-19 datasets is insufficient for training deep neural networks. The researchers introduce domain extension transfer learning (DETL) and use a pre-trained deep convolutional neural network on a large chest X-Ray dataset for classifying between normal, other disease, pneumonia, and COVID-19. The","qid":35,"docid":"drgay9n0","rank":27,"score":8.425399780273438},{"content":"A study proposes using deep learning (DL) with chest X-Ray images for COVID-19 screening due to limitations of PCR tests. However, the availability of COVID-19 datasets is insufficient for training deep neural networks. The researchers introduce domain extension transfer learning (DETL) and use a pre-trained deep convolutional neural network on a large chest X-Ray dataset for classifying normal, other disease, pneumonia, and COVID-19 cases. The","qid":35,"docid":"e941jx5c","rank":28,"score":8.425398826599121},{"content":"A new dataset called FakeCovid has been introduced, consisting of 5182 fact-checked news articles about COVID-19 collected from April 1, 2020, to May 15, 2020. The articles were sourced from 92 fact-checking websites and manually categorized into 11 types. The dataset is available in 40 languages from 105 countries. A classifier was developed to","qid":35,"docid":"9it9pgq1","rank":29,"score":8.410400390625},{"content":"This study analyzed transcriptomic data sets to identify potential factors contributing to the coagulopathies observed in COVID-19 patients. The researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the activation of the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade and suppression of the plasminogen activation system in lung epithelial cells, which is unique to SARS-CoV-2 infection and not seen with influenza A virus. These findings suggest","qid":35,"docid":"ckvsn0ah","rank":30,"score":8.399499893188477},{"content":"A study used topic modeling analysis on coronavirus-related literature from the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset to identify research hotspots on COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections. Eight topics emerged: clinical characterization, pathogenesis research, therapeutics research, epidemiological study, virus transmission, vaccines research, virus diagnostics, and viral genomics. COVID-19 research focuses more on clinical characterization, epidemiological study, and virus transmission","qid":35,"docid":"3wuh6k6g","rank":31,"score":8.382200241088867},{"content":"This paper examines the relationship between media coverage and public response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, United Kingdom, United States, and Canada. The study collects data from 227,768 online news articles and 13,448 YouTube videos from mainstream media, 107,898 user posts and 3,829,309 comments on Reddit, and 278,456,892","qid":35,"docid":"ajw4j8b8","rank":32,"score":8.29419994354248},{"content":"Vietnam, with its proximity to China and high volume of trade, was at risk for a COVID-19 outbreak. However, the country's prompt and effective response, with 239 confirmed cases and no fatalities as of April 4, 2020, is being studied for lessons on policy response, social media, and science journalism. A web crawl engine collected 14,952 news items, revealing Vietnam's political readiness and","qid":35,"docid":"t6sfs24q","rank":33,"score":8.287699699401855},{"content":"CO-Search is a semantic search engine designed to help find scientific answers from COVID-19 literature during the pandemic. It uses a Siamese-BERT encoder with TF-IDF and BM25 vectorizers for retrieval, and a multi-hop question-answering module and multi-paragraph abstractive summarizer for ranking. The system was trained on a bipartite graph of document paragraphs and citations, and performed well on the TREC-CO","qid":35,"docid":"qfeo6sch","rank":34,"score":8.286999702453613},{"content":"The coronavirus epidemic has led to an overwhelming amount of information on social media, including advertisements on Facebook from various sectors like public health, news media, politics, and business. These advertisements incorporate the virus into their messaging, with some instances of possible misinformation such as bioweapons conspiracy theories and unverifiable claims by politicians. The study aims to make the dataset available to the community to improve quality control for public health communication and public discourse.","qid":35,"docid":"8l0mpv3g","rank":35,"score":8.274900436401367},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of the K-Means clustering algorithm to identify spatial variations in COVID-19 epidemiological data and background characteristics. The analysis was conducted on country-specific data from the WHO COVID-19 situation report 107, including case fatality rates, positive cases per 10,000 population, proportion of population aged over 65, and percentage of GDP spent on public health. The algorithm grouped 8","qid":35,"docid":"2kiyzq4b","rank":36,"score":8.266300201416016},{"content":"A new named entity recognition (NER) dataset called CORD-NER has been created for the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge (CORD-19) corpus. This comprehensive dataset covers 75 fine-grained entity types, including common biomedical entities and new types related to COVID-19 studies. The annotation for this dataset is a combination of four sources using different NER methods, and its quality surpasses SciSpacy by over 1","qid":35,"docid":"2l42genc","rank":37,"score":8.265299797058105},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing extensive human suffering and leading to a large amount of new scientific research and data. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be utilized to process this data and published papers to discover new insights and potential treatments for COVID-19, including accelerating drug discovery and vaccine development. AI can also help disseminate accurate information and reduce the spread of false information about the pandemic. The potential of AI in fighting COVID-19 is significant in saving lives and limiting economic","qid":35,"docid":"9xgrthg7","rank":38,"score":8.26449966430664},{"content":"This study aims to correlate the rates of COVID-19 infection and total deaths with various factors including GDP, physicians, hospital beds, and testing rates. Data was collected from the WHO COVID-19 situation report and the World Bank database. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics in Jupyter notebook and XL-Stat software. The results showed a strong correlation between COVID-19 infection and total deaths (r: 0.89), a","qid":35,"docid":"4707pec6","rank":39,"score":8.24489974975586},{"content":"The passage discusses the analysis of COVID-19 data in Western Europe, focusing on the number of deaths following infection. The data shows an exponential increase with varying absolute rates and time periods. Inspection of daily death increments reveals similarities to China's data and suggests that strict contact measures in Italy and Spain have led to a decrease in daily deaths since early April, with an estimated 40-50 days needed for the number to become negligible. Using data from Germany","qid":35,"docid":"ita70a52","rank":40,"score":8.241100311279297},{"content":"Public health officials monitor public concern about epidemics using a two-step sentiment classification approach on Twitter messages. In the first step, Personal tweets are distinguished from News (Non-Personal) tweets. In the second step, Personal Negative tweets are separated from Personal Non-Negative tweets. Training data is generated using an emotion-oriented, clue-based method in the first sub-step of both steps. Three Machine Learning models are trained and tested in the second sub","qid":35,"docid":"vsl94lhz","rank":41,"score":8.131500244140625},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented scientific response, with a large amount of academic information generated. This study analyzed the distribution and availability patterns of COVID-19 related academic information using data from PubMed, Rxiv preprint server, and Scopus. Preliminary results suggest potential issues with information velocity, availability, and collaboration in the early stages of the pandemic. Standard publication systems were overloaded, data availability was problematic, and collaboration appeared deficient. The","qid":35,"docid":"ejgdzc70","rank":42,"score":8.130999565124512},{"content":"A new mutation of coronavirus, covid-19, declared a pandemic by WHO, is causing alarm and leading to increased social media activity in Bogota, Colombia. Text mining techniques are being used to analyze the symptom-related publications of Colombian residents within a 50 km radius to understand the spread of covid-19 in the area.","qid":35,"docid":"6jiy0b55","rank":43,"score":8.123900413513184},{"content":"Aim is to develop a COVID-19 medical dialogue system due to high demand for online consultations and shortage of medical professionals. Two dialogue datasets, CovidDialog, collected for training. Used Transformer, GPT, and BERT-GPT models, leveraging transfer learning to mitigate data deficiency. Finetuned pretrained models on CovidDialog tasks. Generated responses were doctor-like, relevant, and clinically informative based on evaluation results. Data and code","qid":35,"docid":"czvyk0rk","rank":44,"score":8.116100311279297},{"content":"A large-scale dataset of over 152 million COVID-19 related tweets from January 1st to April 4th is presented for open scientific research. This curated dataset will enable researchers to study emotional and mental responses to social distancing, identify sources of misinformation, and measure sentiment towards the pandemic in near real time. The integration of social dynamics data into biomedical, biological, and epidemiological analyses is necessary to fully understand the impact of the pandemic","qid":35,"docid":"1lisdjpm","rank":45,"score":8.105400085449219},{"content":"A large-scale dataset of over 152 million COVID-19 related tweets from January 1st to April 4th is presented for scientific research. This curated dataset will enable researchers to study emotional and mental responses to social distancing, identify sources of misinformation, and measure sentiment towards the pandemic in near real time. The integration of social dynamics data into biomedical, biological, and epidemiological analyses is necessary to fully understand the impact of the pandemic.","qid":35,"docid":"21fhsooy","rank":46,"score":8.105399131774902},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented volume of scientific publications. This research analyzes the daily growth of scientific production on COVID-19 in various databases and repositories, including Dimensions, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus-Elsevier, Pubmed, and eight repositories. Dimensions has the most publications (9435) with a global growth rate of 500 per day and publications doubling every 1","qid":35,"docid":"25mu0mo9","rank":47,"score":8.068900108337402},{"content":"A study using quantitative statistical analysis on COVID-19 data reveals significant relationships between the disease spread and country-level economic and health indicators. Four major country clusters have been identified based on COVID-19 development and economic and health factors. Potential under-reporting traits and economic factors affecting diagnosis, reporting, and treatment have been identified. The study describes four disease development scenarios and highlights limitations in reporting and measuring COVID-19, recommending further research.","qid":35,"docid":"keaxietu","rank":48,"score":8.058699607849121},{"content":"A study examining anxiety and distress among the first quarantined community in the USA, which was a Modern Orthodox Jewish community, found that community organizations were trusted more than government agencies and media for COVID-19 information. Community organizations provided tangible needs, social support, virtual religious services, and disseminated information. Elevated distress and anxiety were linked to inadequate and inconsistent health-related information and concerns about future stigma. The study highlights the importance of religious institutions","qid":35,"docid":"arexn6f8","rank":49,"score":8.045999526977539},{"content":"The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. Comorbidities, including hypertension, increase the susceptibility and risk of unfavorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Several studies have explored the relationship between COVID-19 and hypertension, discussing potential risks such as antihypertensive therapy and management approaches.","qid":35,"docid":"ta9g9ceh","rank":50,"score":8.043100357055664},{"content":"A new study presents a Classification-Aware Neural Topic Model (CANTM) to help combat the overwhelming amount of COVID-19 disinformation. The researchers developed the largest available manually annotated COVID-19 disinformation category dataset. CANTM combines classification and topic modeling under a variational autoencoder framework, improving classification performance with minimal resources and scalability. The classification-aware topics aid researchers and users in understanding the results.","qid":35,"docid":"v5m8vmr3","rank":51,"score":8.034899711608887},{"content":"This study summarizes the compilation and analysis of epidemiological data on the COVID-19 outbreak from January 13-31, 2020, using data from a Chinese health-care social network and global news media sources. The data included 507 patients with COVID-19, of whom 364 were from mainland China and 143 were from outside China. The median age was 46 years and most patients were male.","qid":35,"docid":"faec051u","rank":52,"score":7.997000217437744},{"content":"The passage introduces BIP4COVID19, an open dataset created to facilitate exploration of coronavirus-related literature by providing scientific impact indicators for relevant articles. The large volume of articles published since the pandemic began makes identifying useful knowledge a challenge. BIP4COVID19 aims to help by offering various impact measures and a publicly accessible web interface for easy exploration.","qid":35,"docid":"6xkm2j0f","rank":53,"score":7.945700168609619},{"content":"CoV-Seq is a new webserver designed to facilitate the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. It automatically predicts gene boundaries and identifies genetic variants, presenting them in an interactive genome visualizer and allowing for download for further analysis. The tool is implemented in Python and Javascript and is available at http:\/\/covseq.baidu.com\/. The source code can be found on GitHub. The tool aims to make SARS-","qid":35,"docid":"nqfo3qtb","rank":54,"score":7.936500072479248},{"content":"The passage describes a study that proposes a Deep Learning model named CoroNet to detect and diagnose COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. The model is based on Xception architecture and trained on a dataset of COVID-19 and other chest pneumonia X-ray images. The experimental results show that CoroNet achieved an overall accuracy of 89.6%, with high precision and recall rates for COVID-19 cases. The model can be a helpful tool","qid":35,"docid":"4p1ah2h3","rank":55,"score":7.936399936676025},{"content":"The passage describes a study that proposes a deep learning model called CoroNet to detect and diagnose COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. With the rapid increase in COVID-19 cases and limited testing resources, the authors aim to help radiologists and clinicians with an automated solution. CoroNet is based on Xception architecture and trained on a dataset of COVID-19 and other chest pneumonia X-ray images from two public databases. The model achieved","qid":35,"docid":"s9yxh8ut","rank":56,"score":7.936398983001709},{"content":"A new COVID-19 CT dataset with 20 cases and over 1800 annotated slices has been made publicly available to promote the development of efficient deep learning methods for lung and infection segmentation. The dataset includes three benchmarks for current research interests such as few-shot learning, domain generalization, and knowledge transfer. Unified training, validation, and testing dataset splits, as well as evaluation metrics and code, have been provided for fair comparisons among different","qid":35,"docid":"tvmytgda","rank":57,"score":7.926199913024902},{"content":"This study analyzes age distribution patterns in six groups of Indian COVID-19 patient populations based on their likely geographical origin of infection. The results showed distinct age profiles among the groups, with some clusters forming differently between groups from Asia, the European Union, and the United Kingdom compared to those from North America, the Middle East, and other regions. Age profiles were found to be highly predictive of the group a population belongs to, and there may be differences in recovery and fatality rates across","qid":35,"docid":"0m5mc320","rank":58,"score":7.917799949645996},{"content":"A publicly available knowledge base, TweetsCOV19, contains over 8 million tweets about COVID-19 from October 2019 to April 2020. Metadata and extracted entities, hashtags, user mentions, sentiments, and URLs are semantically annotated using RDF\/S vocabularies for various knowledge discovery tasks. The dataset facilitates research in sentiment analysis, event detection, and entity recognition,","qid":35,"docid":"aj2kscs9","rank":59,"score":7.890200138092041},{"content":"A study was conducted to construct an enhanced COVID-19 dataset by processing two existing databases and using natural language processing methods to add local weather conditions and research sentiment. The dataset contains 183 samples and 43 features. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was applied to the enhanced dataset, achieving 95% accuracy in predicting patient survival. The most important factors were found to be country-wise research sentiment, age, and local weather.","qid":35,"docid":"vznb3puk","rank":60,"score":7.888599872589111},{"content":"A study aimed to develop a method using deep learning techniques for quick detection of COVID-19 in chest X-ray images. An object detection architecture was proposed, trained, and tested on a dataset of 1500 images of non-infected and infected patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia. The method achieved a sensitivity of 94.92% and specificity of 92.0% in COVID-19 detection using the SDD3","qid":35,"docid":"af95gxvb","rank":61,"score":7.865600109100342},{"content":"The NHS Pathways triage system data on self-reported potential COVID-19 cases in England from 18th March 2020 to 14th May 2020 are analyzed to reflect the ongoing epidemic trends and capture a broader severity profile of cases. The analysis shows that rates of growth\/decline and effective reproduction number estimated from these data can be useful in monitoring transmission. The correlation between NHS Pathways reports and COVID-","qid":35,"docid":"vpxe8e9d","rank":62,"score":7.860300064086914},{"content":"A new publicly available database, COVID-19-CT-CXR, has been created, containing chest X-rays (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans of COVID-19 patients extracted from biomedical literature. The database includes 1,327 CT and 263 CXR images with associated text, and has been shown to improve deep learning performance for COVID-19 diagnosis. The dataset is available at https:\/\/github.com","qid":35,"docid":"ijceqi3y","rank":63,"score":7.81220006942749},{"content":"A new publicly available database, COVID-19-CT-CXR, has been created, containing chest X-rays (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans of COVID-19 patients extracted from biomedical literature. The database includes 1,327 CT and 263 CXR images with associated text, and has been shown to improve deep learning performance for COVID-19 diagnosis. The dataset is available at https:\/\/github.com","qid":35,"docid":"uqfygev4","rank":64,"score":7.812199115753174},{"content":"An AI system named $\\alpha$-Satellite has been proposed to provide hierarchical community-level risk assessment for the COVID-19 pandemic. The system uses large-scale real-time data from various sources to assess risk indexes for specific locations in a hierarchical manner (e.g., state, county, city). The system and benchmark datasets are publicly accessible on the developers' website. The goal is to help individuals make protective actions while minimizing disruptions","qid":35,"docid":"ns628u21","rank":65,"score":7.804900169372559},{"content":"A study was conducted on the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and serine protease, in prostate epithelial cells. The analysis of a public prostate single-cell RNA sequencing dataset revealed co-expressing cells in epithelial cells, with a higher proportion in club and hillock cells. Similar findings were observed in lung epithelial cells. ACE2 expression was","qid":35,"docid":"rbhpe5wx","rank":66,"score":7.786399841308594},{"content":"A narrative review summarizes the current state of research on COVID-19, the virus behind the global pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China. The discovery of the virus raised public health concerns due to its high transmission ability and increasing death toll. This review analyzed over 20 scientific articles using keywords like \"Coronavirus Outbreak\" and \"COVID-19\" to provide insights into the research available and recommend future studies. The results indicate that human-to-human transmission","qid":35,"docid":"fqs40ivc","rank":67,"score":7.736199855804443},{"content":"A dataset is presented to help policy makers respond to COVID-19 by providing data for mitigation and suppression strategies. The dataset, available at [https:\/\/github.com\/JieYingWu\/COVID-19\\_US\\_County-level\\_Summaries], includes county-level time-series data from the JHU CSSE COVID-19 Dashboard and over 300 variables on population, demographics, housing, education","qid":35,"docid":"rndc2v2b","rank":68,"score":7.718100070953369},{"content":"A study was conducted to develop a deep learning model, CovIDNet, for detecting Covid-19 related pneumonia from chest X-ray images. The model achieved high accuracy (98.44%) in recognizing Covid-19 and other classes during validation using open-source data, with 100% precision for Covid-19 and 97% precision for others. The authors noted that the model's accuracy might decrease slightly when classifying Covid","qid":35,"docid":"24xef6ay","rank":69,"score":7.673999786376953},{"content":"This study aims to assess the effectiveness of lockdown measures in reducing new COVID-19 infections across countries over time. Using a quantitative panel analysis, the results indicate that lockdowns are effective in reducing new cases, particularly within the first 10-20 days of implementation. The study concludes that lockdowns continue to reduce the R0 (number of people infected by each infected person) even after 20 days.","qid":35,"docid":"fi6t2e0u","rank":70,"score":7.660299777984619},{"content":"An open-source COVID-CT dataset containing 349 COVID-19 CT images from 216 patients and 463 non-COVID-19 CTs was built to address the scarcity of publicly available COVID-19 CT datasets for AI-powered diagnosis research. The dataset was confirmed useful by a senior radiologist and led to the development of diagnosis methods based on multi-task learning and self-supervised learning, achieving an F1 score of ","qid":35,"docid":"55nifoqu","rank":71,"score":7.6585001945495605},{"content":"A new SIR-type model for COVID-19 is presented in this paper, which integrates direct and fomite transmission, as well as the impact of various household structures. The study explores the effect of expanding physical distancing and strengthening mass control measures, such as public curfews, lockdowns, workplace clearances, and school closures, on reducing the number of active cases through parameter estimation.","qid":35,"docid":"k3gylwcf","rank":72,"score":7.640999794006348},{"content":"A cascaded learning strategy is proposed for a comprehensive AI-based screening platform to predict COVID-19 infection from chest x-ray images. Due to the limited availability of COVID-19 CXR images, a large non-COVID-19 pneumonia dataset is used to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the deep neural network (DNN) model. The cascaded learning scheme generalizes the original well-trained model, resulting in good classification performance on both the","qid":35,"docid":"tupom7fb","rank":73,"score":7.631999969482422},{"content":"A citizen science initiative was launched in Kerala, India to process and visualize COVID-19 data from government bulletins and media outlets. The Department of Health Services initially released unstructured daily updates, which were refined and enriched to create reusable datasets. These datasets were used to provide real-time analysis and daily updates through a user-friendly bilingual dashboard. The data was deposited in a public repository for future analytical efforts, and the initiative","qid":35,"docid":"nbzbmrsd","rank":74,"score":7.631100177764893},{"content":"A new Bayesian approach is presented for inferring the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 using a probabilistic compartmental model with data of daily confirmed cases. This method extends the classical susceptible-infectious-recovered model by accounting for undocumented infections and allowing epidemiological parameters to vary over time. The disease transmission rate is estimated using a Gaussian process prior, which captures nonlinear changes without specific parametric assumptions. The algorithm utilizes parallel-temper","qid":35,"docid":"3k9is4h6","rank":75,"score":7.596199989318848},{"content":"The study aimed to predict the COVID-19 pandemic outcomes using artificial intelligence (AI) based Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) units. Data from the World Health Organization and Johns Hopkins University was used to create the training dataset. Two prediction models were developed, and the predicted values were compared with observed data using root mean squared logarithmic errors (RMSLE). The results indicated that the COVID-19","qid":35,"docid":"35xpmdbj","rank":76,"score":7.56850004196167},{"content":"The passage discusses the global concern over the COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the need for accurate and timely epidemiological data to guide intervention strategies. The article presents an exploratory data analysis approach using the first publicly available COVID-19 Daily Dataset of Bangladesh from IEDCR, WHO, DGHS, and MHFW. The analysis used Visual Exploratory Data Analysis (V-EDA","qid":35,"docid":"bce1oeyl","rank":77,"score":7.563300132751465},{"content":"The Covid-19 coronavirus continues to spread globally, with Germany reporting varying numbers of infected individuals by federal land, city, age group, and date. Researchers are analyzing the Covid-19 Tracking Germany dataset to identify differences in morbidity across Germany. The study aims to cluster regions based on the gravity of the current situation and considers the potential connection between BCG vaccination and coronavirus morbidity. However, the dataset lacks sufficient information for definitive conclusions","qid":35,"docid":"cszor0pd","rank":78,"score":7.544400215148926},{"content":"Researchers have used Weibo, China's largest social media platform, to analyze COVID-19-related public opinion information and track changes in public opinion during different stages of the pandemic. A large collection of sentiment-oriented microblogs was analyzed using a sentiment classifier to identify and group users' opinions. The study found that public opinions varied based on key factors such as users' locations and education levels. Empirical results showed that public attitudes towards staying at home and quarantine also","qid":35,"docid":"1rc2swfm","rank":79,"score":7.539400100708008},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic produces vast amounts of daily incidence and mortality data, which can be analyzed to understand disease trends and public health responses. Both daily new cases and mortality data in the US exhibit periodic oscillatory patterns. Analyzing testing data in NYC and LA shows that oscillation in cases is mainly due to testing practices, not increased infections on certain days. The apparent oscillation in mortality is mostly an artifact of reporting and disappears in datasets that record","qid":35,"docid":"q34w89fa","rank":80,"score":7.533400058746338},{"content":"A study conducted during the first two weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Tunisia aimed to determine the impact of the lockdown on consumer awareness, attitudes, and behaviors related to food wastage. The survey included 284 respondents, 89% of whom were aware of food waste and believed the lockdown would impact their waste levels and grocery shopping habits. Despite this, 85% of respondents declared they would not discard any purchased food,","qid":35,"docid":"nqca8mio","rank":81,"score":7.519999980926514},{"content":"A new deep learning algorithm is proposed for the automated diagnosis of COVID-19 using chest CT images, addressing the need for a quick and accurate diagnostic system due to the global pandemic. The method uses contrastive learning to train an encoder on large lung datasets and adopts a prototypical network for classification, requiring only a few samples for training. The proposed model outperforms competing methods on two publicly available and annotated COVID-19 CT datasets.","qid":35,"docid":"724br56j","rank":82,"score":7.51140022277832},{"content":"A new data-driven approach called Conditional Predictive Informativity (CPI) is presented for identifying strong warning signs of diseases, specifically focusing on COVID-19 in the current pandemic environment. This methodology allows for the enumeration of questions regarding informative combinations of symptoms and traits to help medical analysis and potentially individual diagnosis. The process is applied to data from various health reports and online sources, which is publicly available on Github.","qid":35,"docid":"11rb5fdh","rank":83,"score":7.509699821472168},{"content":"A new data-driven approach called Conditional Predictive Informativity (CPI) is presented for identifying strong warning signs of diseases, specifically focusing on COVID-19 in the current pandemic. This methodology allows for the enumeration of informative questions regarding symptom combinations and helps prioritize stronger warning signs for disease diagnosis. The CPI ranking is applied to data from various health reports and online sources, which is publicly available on Github.","qid":35,"docid":"5jwtykqg","rank":84,"score":7.509698867797852},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted health disparities and weaknesses in healthcare and political systems, leading to increased mental health concerns including suicide, which has higher rates than in the past 50 years. Historical pandemics have had downstream consequences including anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors. Both frontline workers and the public may experience long-term stress and trauma from the virus's potential fatalities and loss of loved ones.","qid":35,"docid":"h2tcrh1q","rank":85,"score":7.472099781036377},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted health disparities and weaknesses in healthcare and political systems, leading to increased mental health concerns including suicide, which has higher rates than in the past 50 years. Historical pandemics have had downstream consequences including anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors. Both frontline workers and the public may experience long-term stress and trauma from the virus's potential fatalities and loss of loved ones.","qid":35,"docid":"tfx7tx9i","rank":86,"score":7.4720988273620605},{"content":"A new open source deep learning model called COVID-Net and dataset called COVIDx are introduced for detecting COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray images. COVID-Net is one of the first open source network designs for this purpose and is accompanied by COVIDx, a large open access dataset of 13,975 CXR images with 13,870 patient cases, including the largest number of publicly available COVID-19 positive cases. The study also investig","qid":35,"docid":"qb0s06tl","rank":87,"score":7.466100215911865},{"content":"A study was conducted on open access (OA) publications and social media attention they receive compared to non-OA papers in the context of COVID-19 literature. The analysis used a dataset of 11,686 publications from Dimensions and found that 67.5% of them were openly accessible. OA publications received the most social media attention, with 37.6% being free due to toll journals providing access. MedRxiv contributed to a","qid":35,"docid":"tudrm0k8","rank":88,"score":7.4481000900268555},{"content":"The paper introduces a new method called FS-opa (Feature Sensitivity criterion-based sampling strategy from Optimization based on Phylogram Analysis) for analyzing large digital health datasets. FS-opa uses a criterion-based sampling strategy and can automatically identify principal features without requiring expert knowledge. It was evaluated using mental disorder electronic health records in Brazil and integrated with Cox regression for survival analysis. FS-opa can mine entire datasets","qid":35,"docid":"dl7i8219","rank":89,"score":7.439499855041504},{"content":"The paper introduces a new method called FS-opa (Feature Sensitivity criterion-based sampling strategy from Optimization based on Phylogram Analysis) for analyzing large digital health datasets. FS-opa uses a criterion-based sampling strategy and can automatically identify principal features without requiring expert knowledge. It was evaluated using mental disorder electronic health records in Brazil and integrated with Cox regression for survival analysis. FS-opa can mine entire datasets","qid":35,"docid":"hpeav816","rank":90,"score":7.4394989013671875},{"content":"The passage describes an observational study called EAVE II aimed at monitoring the progress of the COVID-19 epidemic in Scotland and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, vaccines, and antimicrobials against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study will use a prospective observational cohort of approximately 5.4 million individuals and a national linked dataset of patient-level primary care, out-of-hours, hospitalization","qid":35,"docid":"rzla86sw","rank":91,"score":7.418300151824951},{"content":"A meta-analysis using the Meta-MUMS tool compared the incidence, mortality, and recovery rates of COVID-19 and SARS infectious diseases in 17 countries with COVID-19 infections and 8 countries with SARS infections. The analysis, which used a random-effects model, found that the incidence rate of COVID-19 infections was higher than SARS infections, but the recovery and mortality event rates","qid":35,"docid":"yx4g1l6d","rank":92,"score":7.411399841308594},{"content":"iBioProVis is an interactive tool for visualizing the compound bioactivity space of target proteins using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It takes target protein identifiers and optional compound SMILES as input, and plots the distribution of compounds in a 2-D map based on their structural similarity and cognate targets. Similar compounds are embedded near each other on the","qid":35,"docid":"5yc6u5t3","rank":93,"score":7.405799865722656},{"content":"iBioProVis is an interactive tool for visualizing the compound bioactivity space of target proteins using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It takes target protein identifiers and optional compound SMILES as input, and plots the distribution of compounds in a 2-D map based on their structural similarity and cognate targets. Similar compounds are embedded near each other on the","qid":35,"docid":"jmiy97du","rank":94,"score":7.40579891204834},{"content":"The passage summarizes an article aimed at trainee audiences, discussing the relationship between COVID-19 and headaches. The article explains that COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus, is associated with neurological symptoms, including headaches. The pandemic has led to changes in clinical practice, such as increased use of telemedicine due to limitations on in-person visits. The article explores possible mechanisms of headache in COVID-19 patients, including indirect, potential","qid":35,"docid":"kre0npli","rank":95,"score":7.404600143432617},{"content":"Labs and companies are developing antibody tests for COVID-19 to determine the true number of cases and potential immunity to new infections. However, large-scale data from these tests, such as the percentage of immune individuals in hard-hit areas like Wuhan, China, is currently lacking or not publicly available. Scientists anticipate this information will become available as more tests become accessible.","qid":35,"docid":"ecxji8x8","rank":96,"score":7.397799968719482},{"content":"A new deep learning-based method called CoroNet is proposed for identifying COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. The method uses a semi-supervised learning approach with AutoEncoders to extract infected legions in chest X-rays and extract relevant features for each class (healthy, non-COVID pneumonia, and COVID-19). The deep architecture is then used to train a classifier for automatic diagnosis. The semi-supervised approach allows efficient","qid":35,"docid":"qw5ly6rl","rank":97,"score":7.3719000816345215},{"content":"A group of volunteers addressed the issue of inaccessible and outdated information about South African healthcare facilities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. They focused on improving data quality, completeness, source validation, and visualization to create a comprehensive mapping and data platform for the public and healthcare workers. The project aims to develop a Progressive Web Application for easy access to updated information on COVID-19 hospital bed capacity, locations of designated facilities, and other related data.","qid":35,"docid":"paoehsob","rank":98,"score":7.367400169372559},{"content":"The passage summarizes a study that used a dynamic model to forecast the trend of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China after the quarantine is lifted. The study projects a declining trend of the epidemic with 65,733 total infections and 2,821 deaths if the current quarantine strategy continues. To prevent a second outbreak, early lifting of the quarantine on March 21 requires a high facial mask usage of 85","qid":35,"docid":"brt7ud3u","rank":99,"score":7.365200042724609},{"content":"The passage describes a study where authors used a multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) to model the spread of COVID-19 infections using a publicly available dataset. The dataset contained information on infected, recovered, and deceased patients in 406 locations over 51 days. The dataset was transformed into a regression dataset and used to train the MLP with hyperparameters varied using a grid search algorithm. The best models had ","qid":35,"docid":"0u14d9j1","rank":100,"score":7.362400054931641}]}
{"query":"What is the protein structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike?","hits":[{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the cause of Covid-19 pandemic, is a newly emerged \u03b2 coronavirus with structural proteins including spike, nucleocapsid, membrane, and envelope. The spike protein facilitates attachment to ACE2 through its S1 subunit and membrane fusion through S2. The N protein, composed of N-terminal (NTD) and C-terminal (CTD), plays a role in viral","qid":36,"docid":"7axo7k51","rank":1,"score":13.3371000289917},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing Covid-19, is a newly emerged \u00df coronavirus with a positive RNA genome encoding structural and non-structural proteins. The structural proteins include spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and envelope (E). The S protein facilitates attachment to ACE2 through its S1 subunit and membrane fusion through S2. The N protein, composed of","qid":36,"docid":"9sbrxzxu","rank":2,"score":12.859299659729004},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aimed at investigating the structural details of the complex between TMPRSS2, a human serine protease, and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The study used docking simulations to model the interaction between TMPRSS2 and the spike protein, revealing that TMPRSS2 interacts with two different loops of the spike protein, each containing a different cleav","qid":36,"docid":"34ljq0qt","rank":3,"score":12.678500175476074},{"content":"This study explores how genetic variations in the human ACE2 receptor may impact its binding with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Through molecular modeling, the authors found that while most ACE2 variants have similar binding affinity with the viral spike protein, certain alleles (rs73635825 and rs143936283) exhibit noticeable differences in their intermolecular interactions. These findings","qid":36,"docid":"4nfxdppt","rank":4,"score":12.497699737548828},{"content":"This study explores how genetic variations in the human ACE2 receptor may impact its binding with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Through molecular modeling, the authors found that while most ACE2 variants have similar binding affinity with the viral spike protein, certain alleles (rs73635825 and rs143936283) exhibit noticeable differences in their intermolecular interactions. These findings","qid":36,"docid":"m0w0fl2u","rank":5,"score":12.497698783874512},{"content":"Researchers used GNAT, a glycosylation network analysis tool, to reconstruct the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway of SARS-CoV-2's spike protein based on published mass spectrometric data. They identified 12 enzymes involved in glycosylation, and blocking certain enzymes led to significant modifications in the glycan profile. The study revealed an intricate enzymatic pathway for","qid":36,"docid":"mrepq17b","rank":6,"score":11.973199844360352},{"content":"The passage discusses how protein structures of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, specifically the spike protein, solved through cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography often lack the representation of sugar molecules or glycans on their surfaces. Researchers are now focusing on adding these missing sugars to gain a better understanding of the virus's biology and aid in the development of vaccines and treatments. Andrea Thorn, a structural","qid":36,"docid":"fayr38c7","rank":7,"score":11.859100341796875},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which mediates virion binding to human cells and is a prime immunization target, is heavily glycosylated with both O- and N-linked structures. A threonine (T678) near the furin cleavage site is O-glycosylated with core-1 and core-2 structures, and eight additional O-glycopeptides have been identified. All N-","qid":36,"docid":"ssffvlrl","rank":8,"score":11.853099822998047},{"content":"A novel betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, leading to over 120,000 deaths and 2 million documented infections. The virus's spike protein, S, is crucial for cellular entry and attaches to the host cell via the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE","qid":36,"docid":"40ejbv5j","rank":9,"score":11.839900016784668},{"content":"A novel betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 with over 120,000 deaths and 2 million documented infections. The virus's spike protein S, a structural protein, is critical for cellular entry and attaches to host cells via Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). The spike protein contains a receptor-binding","qid":36,"docid":"50hqr249","rank":10,"score":11.839899063110352},{"content":"Researchers designed and produced over 100 variants of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on a cryo-EM structure of the prefusion form. Through characterization, they identified several proline substitutions in the best variant, HexaPro, which increased yield and stability, allowing for high-yield production of a stabilized prefusion spike protein. This will expedite the development of vaccines and diagnostics for SARS-","qid":36,"docid":"g81ylcxq","rank":11,"score":11.788900375366211},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of glycans in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is the focus of antibody development efforts for COVID-19. The spike protein utilizes a glycan shield to evade the host immune response. The authors built a full-length model of the glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 S protein and conducted molecular dynamics simulations to understand the glycan shield's structure,","qid":36,"docid":"1c1k0p93","rank":12,"score":11.693699836730957},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify allosteric sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that can be targeted with allosteric drugs to weaken the spike-ACE2 interaction and reduce viral infectivity. Three computational methods - protein contact networks (PCNs), SEPAS, and perturbation response scanning (PRS) - were used to analyze the ACE2 complex with both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-","qid":36,"docid":"53mu0702","rank":13,"score":11.673100471496582},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify allosteric sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that could be targeted with allosteric drugs to weaken the spike-ACE2 interaction and reduce viral infectivity. Three computational methods - protein contact networks (PCNs), SEPAS, and perturbation response scanning (PRS) - were used to analyze the ACE2 complex with both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-","qid":36,"docid":"xy8j5jiv","rank":14,"score":11.673099517822266},{"content":"The passage discusses the specific sequences and structures in the spike proteins of human SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) that enable it to recognize and infect human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors. Two regions in the N-terminal domain (\"MESEFR\" and \"SYLTPG\") and three regions in the receptor-binding domain (\"VGGNY\", \"EI","qid":36,"docid":"n9rwixr4","rank":15,"score":11.65310001373291},{"content":"CoV3D is a weekly updated database and molecular viewer of high resolution structures of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus proteins. It annotates structures of coronavirus proteins and their complexes with antibodies, receptors, and small molecules. The database also provides information on spike glycoprotein sequence variability and polymorphisms, and maps these features onto the spike structure. Additionally, CoV3D includes","qid":36,"docid":"co27h1kj","rank":16,"score":11.642600059509277},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the structural order-disorder propensity and evolution rates of SARS-CoV-2's spike and nucleocapsid proteins to identify their B cell and T cell epitopes. By comparing orthologs from seven human coronaviruses, the researchers found that most nucleocapsid protein epitopes overlap RNA-binding and dimerization domains with low rates of evolution. Spike protein epitopes are prefer","qid":36,"docid":"lg7nnmb6","rank":17,"score":11.619099617004395},{"content":"The passage discusses the specific sequences and structures in the spike proteins of human SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) that enable it to recognize and bind to the human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, leading to COVID-19 infection. Two regions in the N-terminal domain (\"MESEFR\" and \"SYLTPG\") and two regions in the receptor binding domain","qid":36,"docid":"1dxu14b1","rank":18,"score":11.565099716186523},{"content":"Researchers analyzed 2363 sequences of SARS-CoV-2's Spike protein and identified variability in 44 amino acid residues worldwide. They predicted conformational and linear epitopes for B-cells, T-Cytotoxic, and T-Helper cells, finding 45 epitopes with amino acid variations. The distribution of mutations within these epitopes can aid in developing more effective vaccines, therap","qid":36,"docid":"srgi9jc6","rank":19,"score":11.555299758911133},{"content":"A study reveals that Fab-dimerized glycan-reactive HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), specifically 2G12, bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through a quaternary glycan epitope on the S2 domain. This new epitope is located at positions 709, 717, and 801 on the spike. The findings suggest a","qid":36,"docid":"nq16jcs9","rank":20,"score":11.524999618530273},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of understanding the 3D structures of SARS-CoV-2 proteins for developing diagnostic and therapeutic molecules. Through comparative analyses of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Spike protein Receptor Binding Domains (RBDs), the study identifies structural and sequence differences that impact antibody recognition. The findings explain why some SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoc","qid":36,"docid":"c08ptb1o","rank":21,"score":11.510499954223633},{"content":"The spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role in infecting cells by strongly binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share a high sequence identity of 77%. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein is slightly more positively charged than SARS-Co","qid":36,"docid":"2bz78yl1","rank":22,"score":11.461299896240234},{"content":"The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role in infecting cells by strongly binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV spike proteins is 77%, with SARS-CoV-2 having a slightly more positive charge which may increase its affinity to bind to negatively charged regions.","qid":36,"docid":"t4bqmgcl","rank":23,"score":11.461298942565918},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of a molecular dynamics simulation study on the effect of temperature on the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The study found that the solvent-exposed domain, S1, is more mobile and has optimally oriented charged residues at temperatures between 10-30\u00b0C. The receptor binding motif, present in the receptor binding domain of S1, begins to close around 40\u00b0C","qid":36,"docid":"nsp53lv6","rank":24,"score":11.446200370788574},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic warrants molecular and structural studies to understand the dynamics of viral proteins involved in host cell adhesion. Comparative genomic studies have identified a Furin protease site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, suggesting potential modifications and implications for virulence. This study structurally shows how Furin interacts with the SARS-CoV-2 spike gly","qid":36,"docid":"uuws2nen","rank":25,"score":11.438300132751465},{"content":"A mini-protein was engineered to interact with the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, which is crucial for the virus's attachment to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The mini-protein, produced in high yields and with a stable \u03b1 helical conformation, binds to the glycosylated Spike","qid":36,"docid":"5ftpxlfe","rank":26,"score":11.419099807739258},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has a unique furin cleavage site (FCS) at its S1-S2 boundary due to the insertion of 12 nucleotides encoding four amino acids PRRA. This FCS is absent in related coronaviruses and is spatially located in a random coil loop region, mostly exposed to solvent with no structural proximity to other parts of the S protein. The insertion of","qid":36,"docid":"30bc6f4r","rank":27,"score":11.410300254821777},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of the TMPRSS2 protein in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of its genetic variants on COVID-19 severity. The authors used bioinformatics methods to analyze the prevalence and pathogenicity of TMPRSS2 variants, including a common variant p.V160M, and found that many rare variants cause structural destabilization and protein misfolding. They also discovered that","qid":36,"docid":"lvqwszsf","rank":28,"score":11.310199737548828},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus with a genome size of approximately 30 kb, belonging to the Coronavirus genus and Coronaviridae family. It has emerged recently and is of zoonotic origin, causing a pandemic. The virus has a similar structure to SARS-CoV, with viral proteins embedded in a lipid bilayer and a helical nucleocapsid. The genome consists","qid":36,"docid":"t0cw7l2a","rank":29,"score":11.294599533081055},{"content":"A study using computational simulations reveals the binding dynamics between the human Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The SARS-CoV-2, identified as the cause of COVID-19, utilizes ACE2 as a receptor, similar to SARS-CoV. The researchers used homology modeling and molecular","qid":36,"docid":"kifqgskc","rank":30,"score":11.28600025177002},{"content":"The passage discusses the structural insights into the attachment, entry, and morphogenesis of SARS Coronavirus, focusing on the role of its large spike protein. The spike is a type 1 viral fusion protein responsible for host cell receptor recognition and membrane fusion. The binding of the spike to the viral receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), triggers conformational changes observable by cryo","qid":36,"docid":"w2sbyfy2","rank":31,"score":11.269599914550781},{"content":"A study analyzing 320 whole-genome sequences and 320 spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 identified 483 unique variations, including 25 nonsynonymous mutations and one deletion in the spike (S) protein. Twelve of these variations were located at the N-terminal domain and six at the receptor-binding domain, potentially altering the interaction of S protein with the host receptor angiot","qid":36,"docid":"c5fygzvz","rank":32,"score":11.268699645996094},{"content":"A study analyzing 320 whole-genome sequences and spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 identified 483 unique variations, including 25 nonsynonymous mutations and one deletion in the spike protein. Twelve of these variations were located at the N-terminal domain and six at the receptor-binding domain, potentially altering the interaction with the host receptor ACE2. Additionally, 22 amino acid","qid":36,"docid":"w5ytp1q7","rank":33,"score":11.268698692321777},{"content":"A new pipeline was developed to identify mutations that stabilize the thermodynamically unstable surface spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which plays a crucial role in viral-host interaction and is the focus of vaccine development. The pipeline integrates bioinformatics analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, and structural analysis to identify stabilizing residues. The pipeline was validated through known stabilizing mutations and used to discover new ones.","qid":36,"docid":"86hv27vh","rank":34,"score":11.2391996383667},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of artificial intelligence and molecular dynamics simulation to analyze the structural flexibility of SARS-CoV-2's spike protein, revealing that certain regions in the S2 domain and the hinge connecting the S1 and S2 subunits lose their secondary structures without a stabilizing beta sheet. These findings, which include an immunodominant site in the S2 domain previously identified in SARS-CoV-1, may aid in the development","qid":36,"docid":"klb8oe9q","rank":35,"score":11.238900184631348},{"content":"The passage discusses the investigation of the relationship between the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, which is believed to have originated from bats, and that of a closely related bat virus, RaTG13. The study involved determining the crystal structures of RaTG13 S and both furin-cleaved and uncleaved SARS-CoV-2 S, and comparing them with previously reported structures for uncleaved SAR","qid":36,"docid":"3damlwoj","rank":36,"score":11.214799880981445},{"content":"The passage discusses the investigation of the relationship between the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, which is believed to have originated from bats, and that of a closely related bat virus, RaTG13. Cryo-EM structures were determined for RaTG13 S and for both furin-cleaved and uncleaved SARS-CoV-2 S, and compared with recently reported structures for uncleaved SAR","qid":36,"docid":"guxbf60n","rank":37,"score":11.214798927307129},{"content":"This study explores carbohydrate-mediated interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and host lectins, as well as the lung microbiota, to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19. The research revealed specific binding of the spike protein to DC-SIGN, MGL, Siglec-9, and Siglec-10, all expressed on myeloid immune cells. Additionally, the spike","qid":36,"docid":"sfjrzq13","rank":38,"score":11.211999893188477},{"content":"The passage discusses the structural analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its interaction with the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The study used X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM to examine the different conformational states of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD). The results reveal that a \u03ba-helix structure plays a key role in","qid":36,"docid":"yfn9vaan","rank":39,"score":11.200599670410156},{"content":"A phylogenetic analysis of over 1,225 SARS-CoV-2 genomes identified the D614G mutation in the spike protein, which has become predominant in Europe and is spreading worldwide. The mutation emerged around mid-to-late January 2020 and in silico analyses suggest it is neutral to protein function regarding its interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. Clinical metadata is needed for further","qid":36,"docid":"zu46bdpu","rank":40,"score":11.177399635314941},{"content":"A study was conducted to discover potential compounds from the Taiwan Database of Extracts and Compounds that could prevent SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins from binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins, using structure-based virtual screening and molecular docking calculation with AutoDock Vina program. Thirty-nine potential compounds were identified, including natural products thioflexibilolide A from","qid":36,"docid":"4skamxby","rank":41,"score":11.163800239562988},{"content":"The passage discusses new findings from molecular dynamics simulations that reveal the distal polybasic cleavage sites of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhance its binding to the human cell receptor ACE2 through electrostatic interactions and hydration, despite being approximately 10 nm away from the receptor-binding domain (RBD). A negatively charged tetrapeptide was designed to neutralize the positively charged arginine on the poly","qid":36,"docid":"z7fgmpc5","rank":42,"score":11.161700248718262},{"content":"An antibody named EY6A, isolated from a late-stage COVID-19 patient, neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-1. The antibody binds tightly to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral Spike glycoprotein, with a KD of 2 nM. A crystal structure of an RBD\/EY6A Fab complex identified a highly","qid":36,"docid":"welf0eb1","rank":43,"score":11.155200004577637},{"content":"The passage discusses molecular dynamics simulations of the interface between the receptor binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV bound to ACE2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several dynamic contacts were formed, broke, and reformed, indicating unique strategies for stable binding to ACE2. Stable interactions included a salt bridge between Lys417 of SARS-CoV-2 and Asp30","qid":36,"docid":"5ach9vnk","rank":44,"score":11.135899543762207},{"content":"The passage discusses the structural modeling of the envelope protein (E-protein) of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus using bioinformatics and homology modeling. The E-protein shares sequence similarity with that of SARS-CoV-1 and is highly conserved in the N-terminal regions. Using computational methods, the most favorable structure of the E-protein was found to function as a gated proton channel.","qid":36,"docid":"2f1c6h4q","rank":45,"score":11.091099739074707},{"content":"The passage discusses the structural information available for the heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein, which plays a role in viral entry. While the post-fusion form of HR1 and HR2 has been determined by x-ray crystallography, there is no structural information for their prefusion conformations. In this study, the NMR structure of the","qid":36,"docid":"jfq7820g","rank":46,"score":11.088600158691406},{"content":"A study was conducted to understand the selective pressure driving mutations in SARS-CoV-2 isolates. The most common mutation sites were identified on the non-structural protein ORF1ab and the structural protein Spike. Mutations in cross-reactive epitopes between SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronavirus may help SARS-CoV-2 evade cellular immunity during large-scale transmission. Mutations on","qid":36,"docid":"yop76n7z","rank":47,"score":11.057299613952637},{"content":"The cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reveals three composite binding pockets for the essential free fatty acid linoleic acid, providing a direct link between the spike protein and this key molecule involved in inflammation, immune modulation, and membrane fluidity.","qid":36,"docid":"yjsxen4d","rank":48,"score":11.055899620056152},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human ACE2 receptor, which plays a role in the COVID-19 virus's ability to invade human cells. The study used in silico comparative modeling analysis to gain insights into conformational changes in the spike protein and its interactions with ACE2. The findings provide a pipeline to identify existing antibodies that could prevent the virus from binding to","qid":36,"docid":"zso57yi7","rank":49,"score":11.012100219726562},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus uses its spike (S) protein, a class I fusion protein, for host cell recognition, binding, and membrane fusion during viral entry. The S protein exists in a metastable state, which is cleaved by furin and TMPRSS2 for structural rearrangement and ACE2 binding. The protein is covered in N-linked glycans that impact its folding, processing, and immune","qid":36,"docid":"ust578fc","rank":50,"score":11.010000228881836},{"content":"The passage discusses the similarities and differences in the binding of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV to the human receptor ACE2. Both viruses have similar binding conformations and free energies to ACE2, as shown by protein-protein interaction structure modeling and in vitro assays. However, existing SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies have limited cross-neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-","qid":36,"docid":"nhq0oq8y","rank":51,"score":10.994400024414062},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human ACE2 receptor, which plays a role in the virus's ability to invade human cells. The study used in silico comparative modeling analysis to gain insights into the conformational changes in the spike protein and its interactions with ACE2. The findings provide a pipeline to identify existing antibodies that could prevent the virus from binding to ACE2","qid":36,"docid":"mswmkgl4","rank":52,"score":10.994199752807617},{"content":"A study using computational methods identified 18,354 missense mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, most of which destabilize the entire protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD). Specifically, residues G431 and S514 in the RBD are important for stability. The dominant pandemic form, D614G, stabilizes the entire protein. N-linked glycosylation","qid":36,"docid":"jty4ebdf","rank":53,"score":10.991399765014648},{"content":"The study analyzed available structures of the coronavirus spike protein to understand its mobility and found distinct configurations among different strains. Two soluble ectodomain constructs were developed, one with the receptor binding domain (RBD) in a locked down position and the other with a previously unobserved 2-RBDs 'up' configuration. These findings demonstrate the ability to control the spike protein's conformation through rational design, providing a framework for engineered","qid":36,"docid":"yl6seuht","rank":54,"score":10.989500045776367},{"content":"A study identified a new vulnerable epitope of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein through the isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from convalescent COVID-19 patients. One mAb, named 4A8, targets the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S protein and exhibits high neutralization potency against both authentic and pseudotyped SARS-CoV-","qid":36,"docid":"b3l4sy1u","rank":55,"score":10.98840045928955},{"content":"The study compares the genome composition and codon usage of SARS-CoV-2 with SARS, MERS, and a pangolin Beta-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 shows a preference for pyrimidine-rich codons and lower effective number of codons (ENc), indicating higher codon bias and gene expression efficiency for its structural proteins. SARS-CoV-2 also encodes the highest","qid":36,"docid":"4jky78sl","rank":56,"score":10.967100143432617},{"content":"This study compares the genome composition and codon usage of SARS-CoV-2 with SARS, MERS, and a pangolin Beta-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 shows a preference for pyrimidine-rich codons and lower effective number of codons (ENc), indicating higher codon bias and gene expression efficiency for its structural proteins. SARS-CoV-2 also encodes the highest","qid":36,"docid":"oxxrnw1r","rank":57,"score":10.9670991897583},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's N-terminal domain (S1-NTD) was analyzed in this report for structural differences compared to SARS-CoV and other similar viruses. The SARS-CoV-2 S1-NTD contains a unique receptor-binding motif with insertions, including GTNGTKR, which have been found in other viruses' structural proteins. These motifs suggest potential","qid":36,"docid":"39giu15x","rank":58,"score":10.965900421142578},{"content":"A study identified a genetic variant, rs12329760 in the TMPRSS2 gene and its mutant V160M, which may hinder SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. The researchers also found TMPRSS2 cleavage sites in the S2 domain of the spike glycoprotein and reported the structure of TMPRSS2 in complex with the spike glycoprotein. Additionally","qid":36,"docid":"alrbutoy","rank":59,"score":10.961000442504883},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human ACE2 receptor, which plays a role in the COVID-19 virus's ability to invade human cells. The study used in silico comparative modeling analysis to gain insights into conformational changes in the spike protein and its interactions with ACE2. The findings provide a pipeline to identify existing antibodies that could prevent the virus from binding to","qid":36,"docid":"es8jsooj","rank":60,"score":10.927499771118164},{"content":"A study analyzing 3090 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the GenBank database revealed that the structural proteins, including envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) glycoprotein, have undergone purifying selection during human-to-human transmission. However, strong positive selection pressure was identified at codon 614 of the S glycoprotein, resulting","qid":36,"docid":"jj0n81s9","rank":61,"score":10.917200088500977},{"content":"The study aimed to understand the structural changes and binding interactions between the S-protein RBD of SARS-CoV 2 (nCoV) and the human ACE2 receptor, due to reported mutations. A total of 58 mutated residues in nCoV S-protein RBD resulted in structural changes, leading to 11 hydrogen bonds and 1 salt bridge in the binding interaction. Major hot spot amino acids in A","qid":36,"docid":"4x4ecdhn","rank":62,"score":10.910599708557129},{"content":"The study aimed to understand the structural changes and binding interactions between the S-protein RBD of SARS-CoV 2 (nCoV) and the human ACE2 receptor, due to reported mutations. A total of 58 mutated residues in nCoV S-protein RBD resulted in structural changes, leading to 11 hydrogen bonds and 1 salt bridge in the binding interaction. Major hot spot amino acids in A","qid":36,"docid":"g8zq3600","rank":63,"score":10.910598754882812},{"content":"The passage describes a study using cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility, and distributions of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein trimers on the surface of intact virions. Previous research focused on the structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, and purified S proteins, but the structure and distribution on the virion surface was unknown. The study found that","qid":36,"docid":"g6jyqiep","rank":64,"score":10.906200408935547},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to identify fusion inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein using virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. The authors used the cryo-electron microscopy structure of SARS-CoV-2 S trimer in the prefusion conformation to scan its inner cavity for strongly interacting drugs. The stability of the protein-drug complexes was tested through molecular dynamics simulations, and the","qid":36,"docid":"d4yidznm","rank":65,"score":10.89840030670166},{"content":"The passage discusses the global spread of the most invasive SARS-CoV-2 spike mutation, specifically the G clade variant with the A \u2192 G nucleotide change at genomic position 23,403 and D \u2192 G amino acid change at spike protein position 614. The study shows that this variant underwent significant demographic expansion in most countries, not explained by stochastic effects or enhanced pathogenicity. The","qid":36,"docid":"vtvxyp0j","rank":66,"score":10.878000259399414},{"content":"A study compared the structural and immunological analyses of spike proteins from Alpha-coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and Beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2), focusing on their receptor-binding domains (RBDs). The results showed that RBDs from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 adopt a \"standing\" state, while","qid":36,"docid":"a2cqw8kg","rank":67,"score":10.874600410461426},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings of substitutions in the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Colombia. The study analyzed 43 patient samples and obtained genome sequences using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina MiSeq technologies. A total of 371 genome sequences from South America were included for comparison. The most frequent substitution in the Spike protein was D614G, found","qid":36,"docid":"zb034sbv","rank":68,"score":10.854100227355957},{"content":"The passage discusses the lack of research on enlightening Nigerians about the causes, drug development targets, and repositioning for COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is a \u03b2 coronavirus that causes symptoms like dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, tiredness, fever, loss of taste and smell. The virus targets the ACE2 receptor for entry and has structural proteins","qid":36,"docid":"ddt5qmls","rank":69,"score":10.843799591064453},{"content":"The passage discusses the determination of the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is responsible for binding to the cell receptor ACE2. The binding mode of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to ACE2 is similar to that of SARS-CoV, indicating convergent evolution for improved binding. Essential residues for ACE2 binding in SARS","qid":36,"docid":"m3j0kv0t","rank":70,"score":10.840900421142578},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 genome undergoes frequent mutations as it spreads, and whole-genome sequencing data provides opportunities to study mutation dynamics, genome diversity, and their implications on protein stability and viral transmission. Through aligning over 600 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and validating in 10,000 datasets, researchers identified frequently mutated residues in the surface glycoprotein,","qid":36,"docid":"q86nga34","rank":71,"score":10.829400062561035},{"content":"A study was conducted to assemble non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus like particles (VLPs) in mammalian cells by co-expressing the viral proteins S, M, and E. The resulting VLPs have a spike to spike size of 103 \u00b1 6 nm and a membrane diameter of 63 \u00b1 5 nm, with numerous S protein spikes. These particles retained their structural","qid":36,"docid":"wfjdxgxh","rank":72,"score":10.796500205993652},{"content":"A study was conducted on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the causative agent of the 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic. The protein was identified as a Betacoronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV and bat coronaviruses, sharing the same receptor (ACE-2) with SARS-CoV. A structural model of the protein revealed an extended loop containing basic amino acids at the interface of the","qid":36,"docid":"vembiw2k","rank":73,"score":10.792699813842773},{"content":"The passage describes the use of cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging to determine the molecular architecture of the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus. Native structures of the S proteins in both pre- and postfusion conformations were obtained at average resolutions of 9-11 \u00c5. The compositions of N-linked glycans from the native spikes were analyzed by mass spectrometry, revealing similarities to recombinant","qid":36,"docid":"oo0pzspi","rank":74,"score":10.789600372314453},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of in silico modeling to study the flexibility and mobility of SARS-CoV-2 protein structures deposited in the Protein Databank, with a focus on identifying potential movements for drug docking studies. The authors employ a recent protein flexibility modeling approach to examine structures like the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, revealing possible further movements and providing full results for over 200 related structures. This research aims to contribute to","qid":36,"docid":"w62xaa4f","rank":75,"score":10.781599998474121},{"content":"A study used computational methods to identify B- and T-cell epitopes on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by interacting with human leukocyte antigen alleles. Twenty-four conserved peptide stretches were identified, twenty of which are surface-exposed and have potential epitope binding efficiency. The findings could aid in understanding immunodominant regions in the surface protein and potentially help develop peptide-based","qid":36,"docid":"ch004jxy","rank":76,"score":10.777999877929688},{"content":"A study identified three neutralizing monoconal antibodies (mAbs) from ten COVID-19 patients, one of which, named 4A8, binds to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. 4A8 exhibits high neutralization potency against both authentic and pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 and does not bind the receptor binding domain (RBD","qid":36,"docid":"nubewu46","rank":77,"score":10.77239990234375},{"content":"A study using Protein Contact Networks identified a specific region in the SARS-CoV spike protein that acts as an allosteric site, affecting its binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This finding could lead to the development of allosteric drugs to weaken the spike-ACE2 interface and reduce viral infectivity for both the 2003 SARS and the recent 2019","qid":36,"docid":"nrx9wqwg","rank":78,"score":10.740900039672852},{"content":"The passage discusses a study investigating the structural properties of ACE2 orthologs (versions of a gene in different species) bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to understand cross-species transmission. The study found that non-susceptible animal species have disruptive mutations in ACE2 amino acid residues, preventing polar and charged contacts with the viral spike protein. Predicted affinity-enhancing mutations could be","qid":36,"docid":"mtq6yh25","rank":79,"score":10.735899925231934},{"content":"The Spike protein on the SARS-CoV-2 surface is the primary driver of its high infectivity due to its role in virus-host attachment, entry, and spread. The unique properties of the Spike's fusion peptides, including their hydrophobicity, rigidity from consecutive prolines, and synergistic organization, contribute to the virus's fusogenicity and infectivity, distinguishing it from other \u03b2-coronaviruses.","qid":36,"docid":"7xd0msyk","rank":80,"score":10.733499526977539},{"content":"The passage discusses a study comparing the binding affinities of the spike proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor using molecular dynamics simulations and Monte Carlo sampling. The results show that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 stronger than SARS-CoV by 7 kcal\/mol due to enhanced electrostatic interactions. The major contributions to the electrostatic binding energies","qid":36,"docid":"xpbcoipf","rank":81,"score":10.729599952697754},{"content":"The passage discusses the analysis of 3D structures of glycoforms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, produced in HEK293 cells, and their impact on antigenicity. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to determine the effect of glycan microheterogeneity. Identified peptides in the S protein were discussed in relation to their potential presentation in human leukocyte antigen complexes. The results showed that","qid":36,"docid":"rwlpkf7n","rank":82,"score":10.729399681091309},{"content":"A structural study of the cross-reactive antibody CR3022 reveals a conserved epitope on the receptor-binding domain of both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.","qid":36,"docid":"f03ka7bd","rank":83,"score":10.699299812316895},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the interaction between the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the host cell receptor. The study calculated binding energy scores and identified key amino acids (Q493 and P499) in SARS-CoV-2 RBD for binding to human ACE","qid":36,"docid":"vy1obqyp","rank":84,"score":10.687600135803223},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the interaction between the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the host cell receptor. The study calculates binding energy scores and identifies key amino acids in the RBD for binding to human ACE2. The results suggest a higher affinity in SARS-CoV","qid":36,"docid":"wynyrumi","rank":85,"score":10.687599182128906},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to delirium, a confusional state observed in 60-70% of severe cases. Delirium is also associated with orthopedic surgery. A study found that delirium-prone patients had lower CSF levels of phenethylamine (PEA) than blood, while controls had the opposite. PEA is metabolized by monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), which has","qid":36,"docid":"xf0kkrv0","rank":86,"score":10.666600227355957},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of a study on the SARS-Cov-2 Spike protein, which is responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic. The protein exists in both prefusion and fusion states, with each protomer in the prefusion state being in an Up or Down state based on the configuration of its receptor binding domain (RBD). The study performed all-atom energy mappings of the SARS-Cov-2 Spike protein in its static","qid":36,"docid":"z2e7shee","rank":87,"score":10.660799980163574},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 infects human cardiomyocytes, leading to cytotoxic effects and cardiotoxicity. This was demonstrated through the detection of viral RNA and protein expression, as well as the confirmation of productive infections in cell lines. RNA sequencing revealed up-regulation of genes related to viral response, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen stress. The findings suggest that direct cardiotoxicity may contribute to the cardiac","qid":36,"docid":"46evycyn","rank":88,"score":10.660099983215332},{"content":"The passage discusses the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its structure. The spike protein is crucial for attachment, fusion, and entry into cells. However, other proteins like Orf3, Orf8, and Orf10, which have the least homology to SARS-CoV proteins, should be further studied for their potential roles in modulating antiviral and inflammatory","qid":36,"docid":"5onj6s3n","rank":89,"score":10.639800071716309},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that has resulted from interspecies transmission and poses a significant threat to global health. The virus's spike protein plays a crucial role in attachment, fusion, and entry. However, other structural and non-structural proteins, such as Orf3, Orf8, and Orf10, which have the least homology to SARS-CoV prote","qid":36,"docid":"5wakh15h","rank":90,"score":10.639799118041992},{"content":"Researchers are investigating the use of peptide-based binders to disrupt the binding between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2's spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a potential therapeutic intervention for COVID-19. Through molecular dynamics simulations and chemical synthesis, they identified a 23-mer peptide fragment (SBP1)","qid":36,"docid":"yi6yu5l1","rank":91,"score":10.628499984741211},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, focusing on its variability and potential drug target sites. The findings suggest that the S2 subunit of the spike protein, including HR1, CH, and CD domains, has low variability, low fluctuations, and forms a trimer cavity. In contrast, the receptor binding domain (RBD) is more variable and flexible. MD simulations indicate that the monomer form of the","qid":36,"docid":"db2rqz4d","rank":92,"score":10.628399848937988},{"content":"A study analyzing SARS-CoV-2 and SARS genome sequences revealed that SARS-CoV-2 has a lower mutation rate than SARS. Minimum Evolution phylogeny analysis provided insights into the origin and early spread of SARS-CoV-2. A mutation in the receptor binding domain of a SARS-CoV-2 sample from India was identified, reducing its affinity for the human A","qid":36,"docid":"t8q99tlq","rank":93,"score":10.619799613952637},{"content":"The study investigates conformational changes in the SARS-CoV spike when it binds to the viral receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), using cryo-electron microscopy and image processing on purified, irradiated SARS-CoV virions. The results reveal that ACE2 binding initiates structural changes leading to viral membrane fusion, and precisely locates the receptor","qid":36,"docid":"mcsdem7y","rank":94,"score":10.607000350952148},{"content":"The passage discusses the properties of coronaviruses, specifically focusing on the seven known human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses are spherical viruses with a positive sense, single stranded RNA enclosed in a helically symmetrical nucleocapsid and an envelope with club-shaped spikes. Human coronaviruses are classified under the \u03b1-CoV and \u03b2-CoV genera, with","qid":36,"docid":"713ey27b","rank":95,"score":10.585800170898438},{"content":"The passage discusses the properties of coronaviruses, specifically focusing on the seven known human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses are spherical, enveloped viruses with a positive sense, single stranded RNA genome. Human coronaviruses belong to the genera &#945;-CoV and \u00df-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is a \u00df-Co","qid":36,"docid":"bm0ldeue","rank":96,"score":10.585799217224121},{"content":"A study analyzing 2952 SARS-CoV-2 genomes identified 1815 non-synonymous mutations in the S-protein, with six of these mutations located in the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) region. These RBD mutations cluster into distinct phyletic clades, suggesting the emergence of new sublineages of the virus. Structure-guided analysis predicts altered virus-host interactions","qid":36,"docid":"40xsypzt","rank":97,"score":10.57960033416748},{"content":"The passage discusses two crystal structure models of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein obtained through cryo-EM, representing the prefusion and postfusion conformations. The prefusion trimer has tightly packed receptor-binding domains, while the postfusion state is a rigid tower-like trimer decorated with N-linked glycans. The transition to the postfusion state occurs spontaneously under mild conditions, independent of target cells. These findings","qid":36,"docid":"muwwyktk","rank":98,"score":10.560099601745605},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variant D614G, which was not present in the initial SARS-CoV-2 genome but emerged in late January in Germany and China, has become the dominant variant worldwide. This variant is more infectious than the ancestral form on human lung and colon cell lines, as well as on other human cell lines, but does not affect the neutralization potency of monoclonal antibodies targeting","qid":36,"docid":"e6jt8yhs","rank":99,"score":10.557900428771973},{"content":"Eighteen Romanian patients' SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes were sequenced and analyzed to understand the impact of mutations on protein stability, particularly in the Spike glycoprotein. The findings were integrated into the European SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree and provided an epidemiological overview of the patients' pre-existing conditions. Non-synonymous mutations in the Spike glycoprotein were modeled","qid":36,"docid":"uhru7rn8","rank":100,"score":10.552900314331055}]}
{"query":"What is the result of phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence?","hits":[{"content":"The Children's Hospital Los Angeles COVID-19 Analysis Research Database (CARD) is a genomic resource providing access to over 30,000 full-length SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes and associated metadata. It offers interactive online tools for phylogenetic analysis, including reference trees and a web-based Phylogenetic Tree Browser for flexible tree manipulation and advanced analysis. The Virus Genome Tracker compares","qid":37,"docid":"2kbi9drl","rank":1,"score":14.361200332641602},{"content":"This study examines the quality of available SARS-CoV-2 full genome data, focusing on sampling bias and phylogenetic signals. Using data from GISAID, the researchers found that while the number of high-quality sequences is increasing, country-specific data sets still have limitations. The sequences from April 2020 contain sufficient phylogenetic information for reliable inference, but within-country studies should be considered preliminary. The authors","qid":37,"docid":"dqyjdast","rank":2,"score":14.325599670410156},{"content":"This study examines the quality of available SARS-CoV-2 full genome data, focusing on sampling bias and phylogenetic signals. While the number of sequences is growing and April 2020 data contains sufficient phylogenetic information, country-specific data sets have limitations and should be interpreted with caution. Studies on within-country spread or transmission clusters are currently preliminary and require more sequences for robust analysis.","qid":37,"docid":"hze05jnf","rank":3,"score":14.32559871673584},{"content":"A study analyzed 4,254 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from the Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data (GISAID). Phylogenetic analysis identified three major clades (S, V, and G) and two subclades (G.1 and G.2). There were 2,129 non-synonymous and 767 synonymous mutations. ORF1a,","qid":37,"docid":"shn7vx3d","rank":4,"score":14.167499542236328},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of large-scale genomic sequencing in addressing infectious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and influenza. While large amounts of data are being generated, the ability to derive meaningful information from these datasets lags behind. The passage focuses on the computational challenges of comparative genomic analyses, specifically sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. SARS and influenza, both R","qid":37,"docid":"cndb031c","rank":5,"score":14.102800369262695},{"content":"The passage describes an analysis of the SARS-CoV genome sequence (PUMC01) isolated at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The genome was sequenced and assembled using conventional methods, and variation and phylogenetic analysis were performed by comparing it to other SARS-CoV isolates. Ten variation sites were identified, and in phylogenetic analysis, two classes of SARS-CoV isolates were observed with different","qid":37,"docid":"agox0lbq","rank":6,"score":14.04319953918457},{"content":"The passage discusses the advantages of SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Sequencing (cWGS) for COVID-19 surveillance and control, including identifying cryptic virus origins and community transmissions. The study compares shotgun transcriptome sequencing and targeted SARS-CoV-2 full genome amplification and sequencing, showing significant improvements in data quality, viral detection, scalability, and cost-effectiveness with amplicon-","qid":37,"docid":"8klkojpo","rank":7,"score":13.96030044555664},{"content":"A study was conducted on SARS-CoV-2 genomes from India, sequencing and analyzing 64 new genomes along with 307 previously deposited ones. The results identified a distinct phylogenetic cluster (Clade I\/A3i), which makes up 41% of Indian genomes and 3.5% of global genomes, characterized by specific genetic variants and a lower substitution rate. The cluster's common","qid":37,"docid":"x6hln4wk","rank":8,"score":13.828800201416016},{"content":"This study aimed to characterize the SARS-CoV-2 sequences from three confirmed cases in India as of February 29, 2020. Throat and nasal swab specimens from 881 suspected cases were screened, and three cases with travel history from Wuhan, China, were identified as positive. Nearly complete genomes of cases 1 and 3, and a fragmented genome for case 2, were obtained","qid":37,"docid":"35wfw3zn","rank":9,"score":13.797599792480469},{"content":"This study aimed to characterize the first two full-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 identified in India, obtained from three confirmed cases with a travel history from Wuhan, China. The sequences showed high identity (~99.98%) with the Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus and belonged to different phylogenetic clusters. Predicted B-cell epitopes were concentrated in the S1 domain of the spike protein, and a","qid":37,"docid":"vhb280gz","rank":10,"score":13.797598838806152},{"content":"This study used phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic analyses to trace the origin and diffusion pathways of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain and Europe. The results showed that most of the first 28 Spanish SARS-CoV-2 sequences belonged to the G and S clades, with two sequences in the V clade. Two monophyletic clusters, S-Spain and G-Spain, were identified, with","qid":37,"docid":"wg86ws3b","rank":11,"score":13.670900344848633},{"content":"A study sequenced the genomes of SARS-CoV from three clinical specimens in Taiwan and found 19 genetic variations, two of which were linked to a specific genotype. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clusters of SARS patients in Taiwan, suggesting possible infection from two different origins. The researchers developed a rapid method to sequence the whole genome of SARS-CoV, which can help with molecular epidemiology and vaccine development.","qid":37,"docid":"79uxm3bg","rank":12,"score":13.610300064086914},{"content":"The passage summarizes a genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from India. The study found that Indian isolates are closely related to isolates from other countries, with most ORFs being highly conserved. However, mutations were identified in some ORFs, with key mutations at the 614th position of the S protein and 84th position of ORF 8, which are associated with high virulence and transmission rate","qid":37,"docid":"2nvk7glh","rank":13,"score":13.490500450134277},{"content":"The passage summarizes a genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from India. The study found that Indian isolates are closely related to isolates from other countries, with most ORFs being highly conserved. However, mutations were identified in some ORFs, with key mutations at the 614th position of the S protein and 84th position of ORF 8, which are associated with high virulence and transmission rate","qid":37,"docid":"bcx51aci","rank":14,"score":13.490499496459961},{"content":"A phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 15,277 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, including the first 30 isolated in Turkey. The results suggest that the virus was introduced to Turkey earlier than the first reported case and is dispersed among various subtypes in the tree. Two subclusters were found to be enriched with Turkish isolates, indicating their widespread transmission within the country. The analysis also identified multiple independent international introductions and","qid":37,"docid":"m3505b5w","rank":15,"score":13.482199668884277},{"content":"A phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 15,277 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, including the first thirty isolated in Turkey. The results suggest that the virus was introduced to Turkey earlier than the first reported case and is dispersed among various types in the tree. Two sub-clusters with a high number of Turkish isolates were identified, indicating their widespread transmission in the country. The analysis also revealed multiple independent international introductions and a hub for","qid":37,"docid":"7u97in7o","rank":16,"score":13.435700416564941},{"content":"The passage discusses the specific sequences and structures in the spike proteins of human SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) that enable it to recognize and infect human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors. Two regions in the N-terminal domain (\"MESEFR\" and \"SYLTPG\") and three regions in the receptor-binding domain (\"VGGNY\", \"EI","qid":37,"docid":"n9rwixr4","rank":17,"score":13.396200180053711},{"content":"A study analyzed genome sequences of over 7,600 SARS-CoV-2 patients from the GISAID database using unsupervised cluster analysis. Instead of modeling mutation rates or using phylogenetic trees, they compared all pairs of sequences at all loci using the Jaccard index and principal component analysis. The results showed the geographic and chronological progression of the virus and identified distinct genetic subgroups, with ongoing research examining potential","qid":37,"docid":"xnamt7q4","rank":18,"score":13.336199760437012},{"content":"The study examines SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Saudi Arabia and compares them to SARS-CoV, bat SARS-like CoVs, and MERS-CoV. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Saudi SARS-CoV-2 sequences are closest to bat SARS-like CoVs and have undergone two recombination events with them. Positive selection pressure was detected between SARS-Co","qid":37,"docid":"wim5q9a5","rank":19,"score":13.318699836730957},{"content":"The passage discusses the specific sequences and structures in the spike proteins of human SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) that enable it to recognize and bind to the human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, leading to COVID-19 infection. Two regions in the N-terminal domain (\"MESEFR\" and \"SYLTPG\") and two regions in the receptor binding domain","qid":37,"docid":"1dxu14b1","rank":20,"score":13.259099960327148},{"content":"Two SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Italian patients were analyzed with sequences from Europe and other regions. The Italian patient's sequence clustered with German sequences, while the tourist's sequence clustered with other European sequences in a phylogenetic tree. Additional European sequences were found outside these clusters, indicating multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Europe or virus evolution during circulation.","qid":37,"docid":"48ul34xo","rank":21,"score":13.250399589538574},{"content":"Two SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Italian patients were analyzed with sequences from Europe and other regions. The Italian patient's sequence clustered with German sequences, while the tourist's sequence clustered with other European sequences in a phylogenetic tree. Some European sequences were found outside these clusters, indicating multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions or virus evolution in Europe.","qid":37,"docid":"o6rr66kc","rank":22,"score":13.250398635864258},{"content":"A study using genomic surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Dubai, UAE, a major international travel hub, revealed multiple introductions of the virus into the country from Asia, Europe, and the Middle East during the early phase of the pandemic. The research also identified early community-based transmission and new mutations in SARS-CoV-2 strains in the UAE, contributing to the understanding of the global transmission network","qid":37,"docid":"pov7oi1l","rank":23,"score":13.225799560546875},{"content":"The passage discusses the investigation into unique features in the SARS-CoV-2 genome that contribute to its viral replication, host pathogenicity, and vulnerabilities. Unique sequence signatures were identified in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of betacoronavirus lineage B, which includes SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and various bat and animal coronaviruses. Genome","qid":37,"docid":"gu3a677i","rank":24,"score":13.218299865722656},{"content":"A study investigating the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria analyzed 39 complete genomes from the GISAID EpiFluTM database. The Maximum Likelihood method was used to construct a phylogenetic tree, revealing a monophyletic clade with a Wuhan sublineage and 100% similarity between strains. Comparative analysis showed 97.6% pairwise identity and 9","qid":37,"docid":"aejbfk3l","rank":25,"score":13.121800422668457},{"content":"The UCSC SARS-CoV-2 Genome Browser is a tool that provides continuously updated access to molecular data of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and its proteins. It maps data from published studies and database submissions onto the viral genome, allowing for cross-referencing and comparison. The browser offers access to mutations in thousands of SARS-CoV-2 genomes, phylogenetic trees, alignments","qid":37,"docid":"gmk4qo4i","rank":26,"score":13.023799896240234},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis pipeline for studying the Covid-19 virus (sars-cov-2) using machine intelligence. The pipeline includes phylogenetic analysis to trace the virus's evolutionary history and identify relationships between strains in different countries. Following this, a classification exercise is performed to determine the virulence of the strains. Important features are then extracted from the genetic material, which are used to predict mutations at specific sites using deep learning techniques.","qid":37,"docid":"0x90yubt","rank":27,"score":12.98270034790039},{"content":"This study aimed to characterize Indian SARS-CoV-2 genome variations, trace ancestries, and correlate state-wise distribution with mortality rates. A total of 305 whole genome sequences from 19 Indian states were analyzed, revealing 633 variants and 388 amino acid substitutions. The presence of low frequency variants and negative Tajima\u2019s D values suggested population expansion. Two major clusters, clade","qid":37,"docid":"9slpoyz7","rank":28,"score":12.94540023803711},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of a phylogenetic analysis of 95 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the early stages of the pandemic, revealing insights into the evolution of the virus and the emergence of variants. Variants may pose challenges in diagnostics, immunology, and drug effectiveness. The analysis identified clusters with identical sequences and lineages with beginning diversification. Molecular epidemiological investigations can be conducted with the data, which includes","qid":37,"docid":"3sxlvoxf","rank":29,"score":12.933699607849121},{"content":"This study analyzed 46 Indian SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from early 2020, assessing evolutionary dynamics and identifying co-evolving mutations in nine structural and non-structural genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the emergence of \"genome-type clusters\" and adaptive selection of \"L\" type strains with genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses. Two groups of mutations were identified: the \"major","qid":37,"docid":"915srotp","rank":30,"score":12.898300170898438},{"content":"The manuscript describes a new method for acquiring a high-coverage SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence using target capture sequencing and enrichment probes. The approach significantly increases the number of mapped reads to the SARS-CoV-2 reference sequence compared to metagenomic sequencing technology. The method was tested using a culturing supernatant containing SARS-CoV-2 particles, resulting in a 93.47% fraction","qid":37,"docid":"yb6if23t","rank":31,"score":12.881400108337402},{"content":"A study was conducted to determine the complete genomic sequence of a Hong Kong Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) strain HK-39. The sequence, which is 29.7kb long, reveals that HK-39 is a distinct member of the Coronaviridae family. Six subgenomic transcripts were identified, and five open reading frames (ORFs","qid":37,"docid":"myhlbq9h","rank":32,"score":12.87559986114502},{"content":"The Child Health Research Foundation in Bangladesh sequenced the first SARS-CoV-2 isolate from the country, revealing 9 single nucleotide variants compared to the Wuhan reference sequence. Most variants were in the ORF1ab gene and were also found in isolates from other countries. A sequence of three consecutive variants in the N protein gene was also identified and was observed in other isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed the Bangladeshi isol","qid":37,"docid":"gygi11gk","rank":33,"score":12.852800369262695},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of a phylogenetic analysis of the full-length SARS-CoV sequences, which revealed that while the virus is mostly related to Group II coronaviruses for about 80% of its genome, there is no apparent similarity in three regions of the ORF1ab gene. The authors suggest that this discordant phylogenetic clustering could be due to ancient recombination events, altered evolutionary","qid":37,"docid":"arp07mck","rank":34,"score":12.838399887084961},{"content":"A study sequenced 212 SARS-CoV-2 samples in Israel and used phylogenetic analysis to trace the origins and spread of the virus. Multiple independent introductions into Israel were identified, with returning travelers from the U.S. contributing significantly to viral spread. The basic reproduction number of the virus was initially around 2.0-2.6, but dropped by two-thirds after social distancing measures were implemented. The","qid":37,"docid":"dwd86zc3","rank":35,"score":12.791600227355957},{"content":"The study aimed to analyze the evolution and variation of SARS-CoV-2 during the epidemic starting in late 2019. The researchers used bioinformatics software to construct a genomic evolution tree, infer the time evolution signal, calculate the tMRCA time, and analyze selection pressure. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Sarbecovirus subgenus and had a weak time evolution signal with an average tMRCA","qid":37,"docid":"fofy6whl","rank":36,"score":12.732799530029297},{"content":"The study aimed to analyze the evolution and variation of SARS-CoV-2 during the epidemic that began at the end of 2019. The researchers downloaded full-length genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from GISAID and NCBI databases and used bioinformatics software to construct a genomic evolution tree, infer time evolution signals, calculate tMRCA time, and analyze selection pressure. The results showed that SAR","qid":37,"docid":"h8abjsxr","rank":37,"score":12.73279857635498},{"content":"The passage discusses the limitations of current methods used to track the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus using consensus sequences and phylogenomic approaches. The introduction of a new framework called VERSO (Viral Evolution ReconStructiOn) addresses these limitations by accounting for clonal mutations and uncertainty in data, and exploiting intra-host variant frequency profiles to characterize sublineage similarity. The application of VERSO to RNA-sequencing","qid":37,"docid":"ea78sjcs","rank":38,"score":12.720999717712402},{"content":"A study sequencing viral genomes from early COVID-19 patients in Connecticut found that the majority of these genomes were similar to those from Washington state, indicating that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely due to domestic introductions. By March, the risk of domestic importation exceeded that of international importation, despite federal travel restrictions. The study reveals the widespread, sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the US and emphasizes","qid":37,"docid":"8m06zdho","rank":39,"score":12.694899559020996},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected over 900,000 people and caused significant economic and societal distress. Many studies based on viral sequences have been published to investigate genetic heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dissemination. While the number of available full genomes is growing daily and contains sufficient phylogenetic information, country-specific datasets have limitations and should be interpreted with caution for within-country spread or transmission cluster studies.","qid":37,"docid":"8vl0okiv","rank":40,"score":12.674500465393066},{"content":"A study analyzing 320 whole-genome sequences and 320 spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 identified 483 unique variations, including 25 nonsynonymous mutations and one deletion in the spike (S) protein. Twelve of these variations were located at the N-terminal domain and six at the receptor-binding domain, potentially altering the interaction of S protein with the host receptor angiot","qid":37,"docid":"c5fygzvz","rank":41,"score":12.65530014038086},{"content":"A study analyzing 320 whole-genome sequences and spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 identified 483 unique variations, including 25 nonsynonymous mutations and one deletion in the spike protein. Twelve of these variations were located at the N-terminal domain and six at the receptor-binding domain, potentially altering the interaction with the host receptor ACE2. Additionally, 22 amino acid","qid":37,"docid":"w5ytp1q7","rank":42,"score":12.655299186706543},{"content":"The first case of COVID-19 in Australia was a 58-year-old man from Wuhan, China who presented to Monash Medical Centre in Melbourne with fever, cough, and dyspnoea on January 24, 2020. A nasopharyngeal swab and sputum sample tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The virus was isolated from the swab using Vero\/hSLAM cells and confirmed","qid":37,"docid":"4w5o8jfu","rank":43,"score":12.641500473022461},{"content":"The first case of COVID-19 in Australia was identified in a 58-year-old man from Wuhan, China, who presented to Monash Medical Centre in Melbourne with fever, cough, and dyspnoea on January 24, 2020. A nasopharyngeal swab and sputum sample tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The virus was isolated from the swab using Vero\/hSLAM","qid":37,"docid":"wmfgodo6","rank":44,"score":12.641499519348145},{"content":"The first case of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico was identified in a patient who had traveled from Bergamo, Italy. The complete genome sequence of this virus was determined and shown to belong to subclade A2a (lineage G). It is closely related to isolates from Finland, Germany, and Brazil, all linked to travel history in Italy. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico.","qid":37,"docid":"oi2cm546","rank":45,"score":12.632399559020996},{"content":"A study was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS CoV) and other coronaviruses using a large dataset and various methods. The results showed that all phylogenetic trees had an identical topology, supporting the hypothesis that SARS CoV and Group 2 CoVs have a monophyletic relationship. The relationships among all major coronavirus groups were","qid":37,"docid":"005b2j4b","rank":46,"score":12.583399772644043},{"content":"Twenty-five SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from some of the first COVID-19 cases in eastern Ontario, Canada, were analyzed. The sequences belonged to the S-clade and G-clade, containing 45 polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis traced the viral origin and potential transmission into and within Canada, suggesting at least thirteen unique infection events, including those from Europe and the USA. Four genomes were shared by","qid":37,"docid":"8gtnbm1c","rank":47,"score":12.560700416564941},{"content":"The passage discusses the objective of identifying the intermediate host and mechanisms of the interspecies jump of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic analysis of bat coronavirus complete genomes and those obtained from animals in Chinese markets was conducted. The results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to bat CoV isolate RaTG13 and that pangolins may be possible intermediate hosts due to the formation of","qid":37,"docid":"4ze0mfxp","rank":48,"score":12.53030014038086},{"content":"The passage discusses a framework for efficiently identifying genetic subtypes of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, through the use of Informative Subtype Markers (ISMs). ISMs are identified using an entropy measure and frequency analysis of available SARS-CoV-2 sequences. These markers define a compact set of nucleotide sites that characterize the most variable positions in the viral genome. ISMs reveal covarying","qid":37,"docid":"9siu7wgs","rank":49,"score":12.527700424194336},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, was identified as the causative agent of viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. Genomic analysis of samples from nine patients revealed that 2019-nCoV was closely related to two bat-derived coronaviruses but distinct from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Phylogenetic analysis placed","qid":37,"docid":"mqduxqdl","rank":50,"score":12.50730037689209},{"content":"A study was conducted on the genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 in Taiwan during the two waves of COVID-19 infections. A new ORF8-deletion mutant was discovered in a Taiwanese strain from a patient who had traveled to Wuhan. A new clade with ORF1ab-V378I mutation and some strains with travel history to Turkey and Iran was identified. The second wave was mainly caused by viruses","qid":37,"docid":"b15befg1","rank":51,"score":12.483699798583984},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 in Taiwan during the two waves of COVID-19 infections. A new ORF8-deletion mutant was discovered in a Taiwanese strain from a patient who had traveled to Wuhan. A new clade with an ORF1ab-V378I mutation and some strains with travel history to Turkey and Iran was identified. The second wave was mainly caused by","qid":37,"docid":"p47lhd25","rank":52,"score":12.483698844909668},{"content":"A study of 15,487 whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from NCBI and GISAID archives revealed the existence of two major clades and six sub-clades of the virus, with convergent evolution occurring in several genome locations. The spike glycoprotein, which binds to the ACE2 receptor, showed evidence of selective pressure with a potentially critical mutation. Some mutations could also","qid":37,"docid":"tutit2bc","rank":53,"score":12.434300422668457},{"content":"Researchers analyzed 566 Indian SARS-CoV-2 genomes and identified 3,384 unique mutation points, including 933 substitutions, 2,449 deletions, and 2 insertions. The mutations were classified into three groups: 100 clusters of mutations, 1,609 point mutations, and 64 SNPs. The findings were visualized using BioCircos,","qid":37,"docid":"lt0uo7q3","rank":54,"score":12.428099632263184},{"content":"This study identified and characterized five coronaviruses (three Alpha-CoVs and two Beta-CoVs) from bats in Italy using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Two Beta-CoVs were closely related to MERS-CoV and formed a monophyletic group, while the three Alpha-CoVs were classified into two novel species due to their high divergence from human strains. The RBD structure","qid":37,"docid":"hb9leola","rank":55,"score":12.372699737548828},{"content":"A study used ViReport, an automated tool for analyzing viral sequences and generating molecular epidemiological reports, to analyze over 4,000 full genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to trace its evolution and spread during the ongoing outbreak. The results can be accessed at the given link.","qid":37,"docid":"whmawr4q","rank":56,"score":12.354499816894531},{"content":"A study was conducted on SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia by sequencing the virus from 43 clinical samples and combining it with 73 existing sequences. The research revealed multiple introductions of the virus into the country, primarily from Europe, with at least 12 lineages identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the linkage of epidemiologically-linked transmission chains. The study highlights the benefits of genome sequencing in COVID-19 investigation and emphas","qid":37,"docid":"jm4bu1bf","rank":57,"score":12.30780029296875},{"content":"A study analyzing 320 whole-genome sequences and spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 identified 483 unique variations, including 25 non-synonymous mutations and one deletion in the spike protein. Twelve variations were located at the N-terminal domain and six at the receptor-binding domain, which might alter interaction with receptor molecules. Additionally, 22 amino acid insertions were identified in","qid":37,"docid":"vf32wxkx","rank":58,"score":12.279500007629395},{"content":"A study comparing SARS-CoV-2 sequences to those of other viruses identified seven key miRNas (miR 8066, 5197, 3611, 3934-3p, 1307-3p, 3691-3p, 1468-5p) with significant links to KEGG pathways related to viral pathogenicity and host","qid":37,"docid":"0ydpwdpz","rank":59,"score":12.272000312805176},{"content":"A study comparing miR-like sequences in SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses identified seven key miRNas (miR 8066, 5197, 3611, 3934-3p, 1307-3p, 3691-3p, 1468-5p) with significant links to KEGG pathways related to viral pathogen","qid":37,"docid":"isikf6cj","rank":60,"score":12.27199935913086},{"content":"The Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool is a web-based application that quickly and accurately identifies and characterizes SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sequences from next generation sequencing datasets. It can process up to 2,000 sequences per submission and classify SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with high accuracy. The tool allows tracking of new viral mutations and a","qid":37,"docid":"st5idleq","rank":61,"score":12.270000457763672},{"content":"A study analyzing 116 genomes of SARS-CoV-2, including 10 new sequences, was used to investigate genetic variation and population demography. Results showed 80 haplotypes with 183 substitution sites, suggesting high mutation abundance and widespread adaptation. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a possible link to pangolins as an intermediate host, but this is controversial. One patient sample near the Huanan seafood","qid":37,"docid":"fnj57b0l","rank":62,"score":12.26830005645752},{"content":"A study identified diverse alphacoronaviruses and a novel SARS-like coronavirus (LYRa11) from bat rectal swabs in Yunnan Province, China. LYRa11 was 29,805 nt long with 13 ORFs and shared high sequence identity with human\/civet SARS CoVs and recently reported SARS-like CoVs in the S gene,","qid":37,"docid":"b5mvqb4p","rank":63,"score":12.24839973449707},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis of 137 coronavirus genomes to understand the evolutionary history of SARS-CoV-2 and identify potential intermediate hosts. Phylogenetic analysis and structural reconstruction of spike glycoproteins revealed similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and bat betacoronavirus isolates HKU5 and HKU4. A yak betacoronavirus strain, YAK\/HY24","qid":37,"docid":"ayhsbfd1","rank":64,"score":12.222900390625},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis of 137 coronavirus genomes to understand the evolutionary history of SARS-CoV-2 and identify potential animal hosts. Phylogenetic analysis and structural reconstruction of spike glycoproteins revealed similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and bat betacoronavirus isolates HKU5-related from Pipistrellus abramus and HKU4-related from Tylony","qid":37,"docid":"d9qtn37b","rank":65,"score":12.222899436950684},{"content":"The study investigated the presence and infectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and rivers in the Milano Metropolitan Area, Italy. Raw wastewater samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while treated water samples were negative. The positivity rate decreased after eight days, aligning with epidemiological trends. Virus infectiveness was not significant, indicating effective wastewater treatment or natural decay. River samples showed occasional positivity due to","qid":37,"docid":"qekpx2zy","rank":66,"score":12.214699745178223},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 strains in seven Iranian COVID-19 patients using molecular and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed high similarity between Iranian and Chinese strains, with no significant polymorphisms identified in the assessed genes. Phylogenetic trees revealed no differences between Iranian isolates and those from other countries. The study concluded that Iranian SARS-CoV-2 isolates","qid":37,"docid":"jhlnwoml","rank":67,"score":12.207599639892578},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 strains in seven Iranian COVID-19 patients using molecular and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed high similarity between Iranian and Chinese strains, with no significant polymorphisms identified in the assessed genes. Phylogenetic trees revealed no differences between Iranian isolates and those from other countries. The study concludes that Iranian SARS-CoV-2 isol","qid":37,"docid":"mjxs395h","rank":68,"score":12.207598686218262},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify human-adaptation related mutations in 4,894 SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences using phylogenetic and structural analysis. The virus's genetic diversity is low, but it can be divided into five clusters with low genetic distance and bootstrap support values. Eleven high-frequency substitutions were identified, four of which may be under positive selection. These mutations are located on the surface of prote","qid":37,"docid":"5od0tegt","rank":69,"score":12.19159984588623},{"content":"A study sequencing viral genomes from early COVID-19 patients in Connecticut found that the majority of these genomes were similar to those from Washington state, indicating that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely due to domestic introductions. By March, the risk of domestic importation exceeded that of international importation, despite federal travel restrictions. The study highlights the importance of local surveillance as evidence of widespread sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2","qid":37,"docid":"bakwk4tm","rank":70,"score":12.179300308227539},{"content":"A study sequencing viral genomes from early COVID-19 patients in Connecticut found that the majority of these genomes were similar to those from Washington state, indicating that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely due to domestic introductions. By March, the risk of domestic importation exceeded that of international importation, despite federal travel restrictions. The study highlights the importance of local surveillance as evidence of widespread sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2","qid":37,"docid":"y3lr8obh","rank":71,"score":12.179299354553223},{"content":"A cat in France, near Paris, was the first reported case of a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cat. The animal showed mild respiratory and digestive signs and tested positive for the virus in rectal swabs, while nasopharyngeal swabs and serum samples were negative. The cat's SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence belonged to the A2a clade, similar to most human cases in France.","qid":37,"docid":"m5fcayl1","rank":72,"score":12.15820026397705},{"content":"A study reported the first detection and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat in France. Out of 22 cats and 11 dogs tested, one cat was positive for SARS-CoV-2 on rectal swab, but nasopharyngeal swabs were negative. The cat showed mild respiratory and digestive signs, and serological analysis confirmed the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV","qid":37,"docid":"o4y157hb","rank":73,"score":12.158199310302734},{"content":"The passage discusses the origins of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and possible intermediate hosts based on phylogenetic analysis and mutation studies. The analysis suggests a close relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and bat CoV isolate RaTG13, and identifies pangolins as potential intermediate hosts due to the monophyletic cluster formed by SARS-CoV-2, bat RaTG","qid":37,"docid":"5qn5h7p5","rank":74,"score":12.139300346374512},{"content":"A study was conducted to compare the genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, with those of SARS-2003 and MERS-2012. As of May 27, 2020, there were 54,88,825 infected cases and 3,49,095 deaths from COVID-19 globally. The study found that the mort","qid":37,"docid":"chnj2ojk","rank":75,"score":12.135700225830078},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in December 2019 and has caused widespread disease and deaths. Phylogenetic analysis shows it clusters with SARS-CoV in the Sarbecovirus subgenus and relates to viruses found in bats and pangolins. The coding potential of SARS-CoV-2 is partially unknown, so researchers used data from related viruses to identify selective","qid":37,"docid":"dbem6cfo","rank":76,"score":12.132100105285645},{"content":"A study was conducted to determine the selective events shaping the genome structure of SARS-CoV-2 and assess its coding potential using sequences of related viruses from bats and pangolins. Six genomic regions were identified with reduced variability at synonymous sites, including the E gene and two internal ORFs (ORF3h and ORF9a). ORF3h, a previously undescribed ORF, shares 90% identity","qid":37,"docid":"zaxjj9q7","rank":77,"score":12.132099151611328},{"content":"The Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool is a web-based application that quickly and accurately identifies and characterizes SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sequences from next-generation sequencing datasets. It can process up to 2000 sequences per submission and classify SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with high accuracy. The tool allows tracking of new viral mutations and","qid":37,"docid":"88hswyln","rank":78,"score":12.11709976196289},{"content":"In Guangdong Province, China, 1,388 SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified from 1.6 million molecular diagnostic tests by March 19, 2020. Genomic analyses of 53 virus isolates revealed multiple independent introductions of the virus into Guangdong, resulting in genetically distinct clusters. Effective large-scale epidemiological surveillance and intervention measures interrupted community transmission. However, continued","qid":37,"docid":"ju9japd8","rank":79,"score":12.103799819946289},{"content":"This study aims to identify the genetic diversity among Indian SARS-CoV-2 isolates by analyzing their phylogenetic data. The initial examination of 3123 viral genomes from different continents revealed multiple origins for Indian isolates. A more detailed analysis of 449 viral genomes revealed that most Indian samples were divided into two clusters, A and B. Cluster A showed more similarity to samples from Oceania and Kuwait","qid":37,"docid":"i758v1vb","rank":80,"score":12.093600273132324},{"content":"A study of the first four weeks of SARS-CoV-2 spread in Scotland identified at least 113 introductions of the virus, with 51% having no known international travel history. Most viral sequences were related to those in Europe, with travel-associated introductions occurring before restrictions. The first local transmission occurred three days after the first case, and community transmission began within 11 days. Earlier travel restrictions could have reduced introductions and cases,","qid":37,"docid":"bxuwx1jj","rank":81,"score":12.090800285339355},{"content":"A proposal is presented for a dynamic nomenclature system to name the expanding phylogenetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 based on its contribution to active spread. The system uses a phylogenetic framework, limits hierarchical labels, and flags and declassifies inactive lineages. This nomenclature aims to assist in tracking and understanding the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 by focusing on active and spreading lineages.","qid":37,"docid":"l7ymcyw7","rank":82,"score":12.05049991607666},{"content":"A study retrieved 95 full-length genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains to establish a reference sequence and analyze sequence variations. The homology among all strains was high, with 99.99% identity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Thirteen variation sites were identified, with the highest mutation rates at positions nt28144 in ORF 8 (30.53%) and n","qid":37,"docid":"41ogljo8","rank":83,"score":12.028400421142578},{"content":"A study retrieved 95 full-length genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains to establish a reference sequence and analyze sequence variations. The homology among all strains was high, with 99.99% identity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Thirteen variation sites were identified, with the highest mutation rates at positions nt28144 in ORF 8 (30.53%) and n","qid":37,"docid":"g1zxlaer","rank":84,"score":12.028399467468262},{"content":"The passage discusses the relationship between SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and other groups of coronaviruses based on phylogenetic tree analyses and comparative genomic studies of their genes. The data suggests a monophyletic relationship between SARS-CoV and group 2 coronavirus, indicating a closer relationship between the two. However, further analysis is needed to increase our understanding of the origins and evolution of coronav","qid":37,"docid":"ax6v6ham","rank":85,"score":12.014599800109863},{"content":"The passage discusses a study analyzing the genomic variation of twenty-eight SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated in Morocco from March 3, 2020, to May 15, 2020. The findings revealed 61 mutations in these Moroccan strains compared to the reference sequence Wuhan-Hu-1\/2019, with 23 of these mutations present in two or more","qid":37,"docid":"8871aifz","rank":86,"score":12.008199691772461},{"content":"The study analyzed the codon usage patterns of 13 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from different geo-locations, revealing a bias towards A\/U content and CpU-ended codons. Eight common preferred codons, all A\/U-ended, were identified. Cluster analysis based on Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) values aligned with phylogenetic analysis. Natural selection and other factors may influence the","qid":37,"docid":"ooj9yqbx","rank":87,"score":11.989100456237793},{"content":"A phylogenetic analysis of over 1,225 SARS-CoV-2 genomes identified the D614G mutation in the spike protein, which has become predominant in Europe and is spreading worldwide. The mutation emerged around mid-to-late January 2020 and in silico analyses suggest it is neutral to protein function regarding its interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. Clinical metadata is needed for further","qid":37,"docid":"zu46bdpu","rank":88,"score":11.972999572753906},{"content":"A new bioinformatic tool has been developed to analyze the genetic variability of SARS-CoV-2, specifically focusing on single mutations and minimal consensus sequence building for vaccine design. The analysis of the whole GISAID sequence dataset from April-June 2020 revealed limited mutational pressure on the viral genome. Focusing on the receptor-binding domain region of the spike protein, only a few variants associated with specific geographic","qid":37,"docid":"thwnmobo","rank":89,"score":11.964900016784668},{"content":"The passage compares three library preparation methods for SARS-CoV-2 amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform: Nextera XT and Nextera Flex using tagmentation, and KAPA HyperPrep using ligation. All methods allow for near-complete genome recovery with identical SNP calls. Nextera Flex and KAPA had better coverage than Nextera XT, which required more reads. K","qid":37,"docid":"2qk9pdbf","rank":90,"score":11.94159984588623},{"content":"A study analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes based on insights from SARS, focusing on non-coding RNAs, specifically miRNAs. The first approach identified 10 host miRNAs that could target both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS reference genomes, with a higher number targeting SARS-CoV-2. The second approach identified virus-encoded miRNAs that might regulate host","qid":37,"docid":"vj86lgri","rank":91,"score":11.928600311279297},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the early outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Central Eastern Europe, specifically in Hungary. The researchers determined the full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 32 clinical samples collected in Hungary during the first month of the disease. They compared these sequences to all available complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID database as of April 21, 2","qid":37,"docid":"cg9pyoam","rank":92,"score":11.854700088500977},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify and characterize bat coronaviruses (BtCoV) in Pteropus medius and Rousettus species bats from different States in India. Rectal and throat swab specimens were screened using RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Eight Rousettus and 21 Pteropus bat specimens tested positive for the CoV RdRp gene. Phy","qid":37,"docid":"lhoks3ds","rank":93,"score":11.849800109863281},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify and characterize bat coronaviruses (BtCoV) in Pteropus medius and Rousettus species bats from different States in India. Rectal and throat swab specimens were screened using RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Eight Rousettus and 21 Pteropus bat specimens tested positive for the CoV RdRp gene. Phy","qid":37,"docid":"rdfch63j","rank":94,"score":11.849799156188965},{"content":"In February 2003, a new strain of coronavirus known as SARS-CoV emerged in Guangdong Province, China, causing a severe epidemic that affected public health, travel, and economic trade. Coronaviruses are highly infectious and genetically diverse, making them difficult to control. They can cause various diseases in animals and humans. SARS-CoV is believed to have originated from an animal reservoir, possibly bats","qid":37,"docid":"8z0ti0dx","rank":95,"score":11.849100112915039},{"content":"This study investigates the genetic diversity and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco using 22 virus genomes reported from three laboratories and compares them to 40,366 genomes from around the world. Moroccan sequences had 62 mutations, with Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L being the most common. Unique mutations included NSP1","qid":37,"docid":"zb1pzdd0","rank":96,"score":11.835800170898438},{"content":"A surveillance program for COVID-19 was initiated in France on January 10, 2020, and the first three cases of the disease in Europe were diagnosed there two weeks later. The study sequenced 97 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from infected patients between January 24 and March 24, 2020. Phylogenetic analysis revealed several early independent introductions of the virus without local transmission, indicating the effectiveness","qid":37,"docid":"gyr8k4j2","rank":97,"score":11.826199531555176},{"content":"This study used Whole Genome sequencing to determine the origin of SARS-CoV-2 in The Gambia from the first six confirmed cases. The sequencing was conducted using Illumina MiSeq and Nanopore GridION, and the results showed that three strains had European origin (from the UK and Spain), and two had Asian origin (from Japan). The study successfully identified the sources of SARS-CoV-2 infection in The Gamb","qid":37,"docid":"z14rf85c","rank":98,"score":11.774200439453125},{"content":"The passage reports on the first identified SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Venezuela and provides a snapshot of the epidemiologic landscape in the Colombian-Venezuelan border region. Three Venezuelan genomes were sequenced and analyzed, revealing they belonged to the B1 and B.1.13 lineages with the D614G mutation, associated with increased infectivity, and an additional three mutations in the N gene of one genome","qid":37,"docid":"umoowoa2","rank":99,"score":11.732999801635742},{"content":"A study identified bat-SARS-CoV, a coronavirus related to SARS-CoV, in 19% of Chinese horseshoe bats using RT-PCR. Genome sequencing and analysis showed that bat-SARS-CoV is a distinct group 2b coronavirus, with most differences in the spike gene. An insertion in ORF 8 suggests a common ancestor with civet SARS-CoV.","qid":37,"docid":"ere58jal","rank":100,"score":11.72249984741211}]}
{"query":"What is the mechanism of inflammatory response and pathogenesis of COVID-19 cases?","hits":[{"content":"A study suggests that overexpression of Kv1.3 channels in lymphocytes leads to overactivation of cellular immunity and cytokine storm in severe cases of COVID-19. Previous research shows that chloroquine and azithromycin suppress Kv1.3 channel activity and cytokine production from lymphocytes. This mechanism could explain the effectiveness of these drugs in treating severe COVID-19 cases.","qid":38,"docid":"xhr9i6gw","rank":1,"score":9.871999740600586},{"content":"A gene network approach was used to identify potential inflammatory mechanisms and bioactive genes in COVID-19 hyperinflammation. Network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 receptors led to the mining of a neutrophil-response signature and relevant inflammatory genes. RNA-seq data sets of lung cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from COVID-19 patients revealed up","qid":38,"docid":"9l5ajo4q","rank":2,"score":9.845000267028809},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the dynamic immune response in three COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a highly dynamic early immune response. Virus persisted for 3-4 weeks in all patients, and cytokine expression was increased in the more severe case. Most inflammatory genes peaked after respiratory function declined, except for those in the IL1 pathway. CD4 and CD8 expression suggested a link between","qid":38,"docid":"uxehz43v","rank":3,"score":9.840800285339355},{"content":"The passage discusses a study on the dynamic immune response in three COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to persist for 3-4 weeks, and the early response was highly dynamic with increased cytokine expression, especially in the most severe case. However, most inflammatory gene expression peaked after respiratory function declined, except for the IL1 pathway. The study suggests that IL1 and related pro-inflam","qid":38,"docid":"xm0n9iu4","rank":4,"score":9.840799331665039},{"content":"The passage discusses the limited data available on the impact of the immunomodulating drug dupilumab, which blocks IL-4 and IL-13, on the risk and progression of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the primary immune response to COVID-19 is Th1\/Th17, IL-4 and IL-13, as Th2 cytokines, are not considered part of the","qid":38,"docid":"7i6wnto5","rank":5,"score":9.668000221252441},{"content":"The passage discusses the limited data available on the impact of the immunomodulating drug dupilumab, which blocks IL-4 and IL-13, on the risk and progression of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the primary immune response to COVID-19 is Th1\/Th17, IL-4 and IL-13, as Th2 cytokines, are not considered part of the","qid":38,"docid":"rn1t7612","rank":6,"score":9.667999267578125},{"content":"The passage discusses how patients with COVID-19 who sustain orthopaedic trauma injuries may experience an amplified inflammatory and hypercoagulable response due to their baseline hyperinflammatory state. This could make them more susceptible to thromboembolic disease and acute respiratory distress, and compromise their ability to withstand surgical intervention. The article reviews the current evidence on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its implications","qid":38,"docid":"41gth6o0","rank":7,"score":9.265399932861328},{"content":"The passage discusses how patients with COVID-19 who sustain orthopaedic trauma injuries may experience an amplified inflammatory and hypercoagulable response due to their baseline hyperinflammatory state. This could make them more susceptible to thromboembolic disease and acute respiratory distress, and compromise their ability to withstand surgical intervention. The passage also reviews the current evidence on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its","qid":38,"docid":"ldjqczvr","rank":8,"score":9.265398979187012},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential for drug interactions in COVID-19 patients due to the impact of the disease on the cytochrome P450 metabolic machinery in the liver. The immune response to COVID-19, which can lead to a hyperinflammatory state, may cause significant derangements in the liver's ability to metabolize drugs, leading to unpredictable therapeutic or toxic responses. The authors suggest that COVID-19 patients may","qid":38,"docid":"v95pf3eg","rank":9,"score":9.081899642944336},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a contagious respiratory disease where the immune system's role cannot be underestimated. Coronaviruses evade the immune system by inhibiting type I interferons, allowing uncontrolled viral replication. Severe cases result from massive viral replication leading to hyperinflammation or \"cytokine storm.\" A weakened innate immune response is the primary cause","qid":38,"docid":"1zq0aels","rank":10,"score":9.071599960327148},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a contagious respiratory disease where the immune system's role cannot be underestimated. Coronaviruses evade the immune system by inhibiting type I interferons, allowing uncontrolled viral replication. Severe cases result from massive viral replication leading to hyperinflammation or \"cytokine storm.\" A weakened innate immune response is the primary cause","qid":38,"docid":"5ad4rm3y","rank":11,"score":9.071599006652832},{"content":"COVID-19 is linked to a hypercoagulable inflammatory state with microangiopathic pulmonary changes, which can lead to diffuse alveolar damage. The complement pathway, specifically the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, is implicated in COVID-19's pathogenesis. C5a triggers a cytokine storm and inflammatory response, but excessive C5a can lead","qid":38,"docid":"gkjb1y83","rank":12,"score":9.025899887084961},{"content":"COVID-19 is linked to a hypercoagulable inflammatory state with microangiopathic pulmonary changes, which can lead to diffuse alveolar damage. The complement pathway, specifically the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, is implicated in COVID-19's pathogenesis. C5a triggers a cytokine storm and a hyper-inflammatory response, but excessive C5","qid":38,"docid":"oj0zthe9","rank":13,"score":9.025898933410645},{"content":"The passage discusses the new complications arising from COVID-19, specifically the combination of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in severe cases. TMA is a condition characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and organ failure. The article outlines the main types of TMA, their path","qid":38,"docid":"e445bj0e","rank":14,"score":8.935999870300293},{"content":"The passage discusses the new complications arising from COVID-19, specifically the combination of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in severe cases. TMA is a condition characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and organ failure. The article outlines the main types of TMA, their path","qid":38,"docid":"li7f5x0g","rank":15,"score":8.935998916625977},{"content":"The passage summarizes a article about the cytokine storm, an excessive immune response leading to high mortality. During the COVID-19 epidemic, some severe cases have been linked to this condition. The article aims to explain the mechanisms behind COVID-19-induced inflammatory storm and propose treatment strategies.","qid":38,"docid":"fqlv35vo","rank":16,"score":8.9350004196167},{"content":"The passage discusses the cytokine storm, an extreme immune response to external stimuli, and its connection to high mortality in COVID-19 patients. The article aims to provide insight into the mechanisms behind COVID-19-induced inflammatory storms and potential treatment strategies.","qid":38,"docid":"iaatjew2","rank":17,"score":8.934999465942383},{"content":"The passage discusses how positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which include emerging human pathogens, evade the innate immune response, specifically the interferon response, to optimize their replication. The article reviews current knowledge on the role of interferons and host immune evasion in the pathogenesis of coronaviruses, alphaviruses, and flaviviruses. Despite the importance of understanding the effects of immune evasion on","qid":38,"docid":"qjpownkg","rank":18,"score":8.925100326538086},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) in e-cigarette-related lung injury (EVALI). The findings suggest that these components induce pulmonary toxicity through oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, leading to acute lung injury. Exposure to e-cigarette cartridge aerosols generated reactive oxygen species,","qid":38,"docid":"rs0dj55s","rank":19,"score":8.754799842834473},{"content":"This review article suggests that hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a severe inflammatory syndrome characterized by intense cytokine release, could be a complication in patients with severe COVID-19. The clinical characteristics of severe COVID-19 cases, such as fever, dyspnea, and multi-organ failure, resemble those of secondary HLH. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2","qid":38,"docid":"x1g9u1j2","rank":20,"score":8.703800201416016},{"content":"MERS-CoV infection is linked to suppressed Th1 and Th2 cytokine\/chemokine responses and heightened inflammatory innate immune reaction in the lower respiratory tract. Using RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays, this study provides initial insights into the pulmonary gene expression profile of Th1 and Th2 responses during acute MERS-CoV infection. Results indicate a downregulation of Th2, insufficient Th1 response,","qid":38,"docid":"ku4z34lu","rank":21,"score":8.649700164794922},{"content":"The passage discusses COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, as a global pandemic with unknown damage mechanisms. It binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, invades alveolar epithelial cells, and triggers a cytokine storm leading to severe lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction","qid":38,"docid":"lyx7mnnz","rank":22,"score":8.63539981842041},{"content":"A study using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients identified 251 host proteins targeted by SARS-CoV-2 and over 200 perturbed host proteins. The non-structural proteins nsp9 and nsp10 were found to interact with NF-\u041aB repressor NKRF, potentially contributing to the strong inflammatory response and chemotaxis of neut","qid":38,"docid":"zbp8jzbe","rank":23,"score":8.599100112915039},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from a study using single-cell RNA-sequencing and proteomics to compare immune cell composition and activation in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. In mild cases, there was an increase in HLA-DR high CD11c high inflammatory monocytes with an IFN-stimulated gene signature. In contrast, severe cases showed evidence of emergency myelopoiesis, characterized by the presence of immun","qid":38,"docid":"8qml9rrb","rank":24,"score":8.536600112915039},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of hyperglycemia and ACE2 in the severity of COVID-19 infection. The concentration of glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 viral particles and ACE2 in the lung epithelium, as well as the pulmonary immune response to the spike protein around day 8-10 after symptom onset, may determine the disease's severity. Prolonged uncont","qid":38,"docid":"dnjsohzk","rank":25,"score":8.500900268554688},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of hyperglycemia and ACE2 in the severity of COVID-19 infection. The concentration of glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 viral particles and ACE2 in the lung epithelium, as well as the pulmonary immune response to the spike protein around day 8-10 after symptom onset, may determine the disease's severity. Prolonged uncont","qid":38,"docid":"ub7s6yz6","rank":26,"score":8.500899314880371},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges in managing patients with cardiovascular risk factors or diseases due to the potential cardiovascular complications. These complications can result from direct viral injury and inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. Proper care of COVID-19 patients requires focused attention on their cardiovascular systems to improve outcomes.","qid":38,"docid":"7icw3be3","rank":27,"score":8.490799903869629},{"content":"Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections experience immune system changes and inflammatory cytokine storms, leading to multi-organ damage. The NF-kappa-B pathway, which is induced by several mediators, plays a significant role in cytokine storm. Diabetic patients have a higher risk for COVID-19 due to increased virus entry, impaired immunity response, less viral elimination, and dysregulated","qid":38,"docid":"8p5chz08","rank":28,"score":8.431599617004395},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The endothelium, a crucial part of blood vessel walls, may be involved in the disease's susceptibility and progression. The virus, which invades cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, can gain access to the systemic circulation by infecting or passing","qid":38,"docid":"etaa9a1v","rank":29,"score":8.383299827575684},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The endothelium, a crucial part of blood vessel walls, may be a linchpin in COVID-19 susceptibility and complications. The virus, which invades cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, can gain access to the systemic circulation by infect","qid":38,"docid":"ou7hpqjd","rank":30,"score":8.383298873901367},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has rapidly spread around the world, affecting over 500,000 people and resulting in over 21,000 deaths as of March 25, 2020. The virus has shown an exponential growth in large countries like China, Europe, and the USA. Older adults and those with underlying medical conditions are particularly vulnerable to the virus. This article discuss","qid":38,"docid":"f783oobv","rank":31,"score":8.381999969482422},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has rapidly spread around the world, affecting over 500,000 people and resulting in over 21,000 deaths as of March 25, 2020. The virus has shown an exponential growth in large countries like China, Europe, and the USA. Older adults and those with underlying medical conditions are particularly vulnerable to the virus. This article discuss","qid":38,"docid":"l9f7g2l4","rank":32,"score":8.381999015808105},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges in managing patients with cardiovascular risk factors or diseases due to the cardiovascular complications observed in patients with the infection. These complications result from direct viral injury and inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. Proper care of COVID-19 patients requires focused attention on the cardiovascular system to improve outcomes.","qid":38,"docid":"tp2tm0vn","rank":33,"score":8.345100402832031},{"content":"A 53-year-old female with COVID-19 infection and refractory hypoxemia underwent veno-venous extracorporeal life support (VV-ECLS) and cytokine hemofiltration using a high-cutoff filter. Inflammatory markers improved, leading to decannulation. This is the first reported case of cytokine hemofiltration for COVID-19","qid":38,"docid":"izq70z47","rank":34,"score":8.339799880981445},{"content":"Severe COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 can lead to respiratory failure and ARDS, which results from dysregulated hyperinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This pathway triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2. The literature suggests targeting NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential treatment for severe COVID-19.","qid":38,"docid":"ehcqey3f","rank":35,"score":8.309599876403809},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in inflammatory lung disease. The text explains that inflammation, triggered by infectious or non-infectious factors, can lead to inflammatory diseases like inflammatory lung disease. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including ACE2, has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammat","qid":38,"docid":"jcezc9ue","rank":36,"score":8.297599792480469},{"content":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine, plays a role in immune responses to coronaviruses, including COVID-19. IL-6 contributes to cytokine storm, causing inflammation-induced lung injury and multi-organ failure. Research focuses on targeting IL-6 and its receptors as potential therapeutic tactics for COVID-19 based on previous experience with other disorders. This review","qid":38,"docid":"8leknnvc","rank":37,"score":8.284700393676758},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has been linked to potential impacts on male fertility. The virus enters host cells through the ACE2 receptor, which is expressed in testicular cells. Enhanced testosterone levels may trigger the pathogenesis of COVID-19, but some cases have also reported hypogonadism. Uncontrolled inflammatory responses and resulting oxidative stress from COVID-19","qid":38,"docid":"tpoi31e7","rank":38,"score":8.263299942016602},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has been linked to potential impacts on male fertility. The virus enters host cells through the ACE2 receptor, which is expressed in testicular cells. Enhanced testosterone levels may trigger the pathogenesis of COVID-19, but some cases have also reported hypogonadism. Uncontrolled inflammatory responses and resulting oxidative stress from COVID-19","qid":38,"docid":"uju5m2zz","rank":39,"score":8.263298988342285},{"content":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease characterized by small airway inflammation and irreversible airflow limitation, leading to exacerbations, hospitalization, and increased mortality. About 50% of COPD exacerbations are linked to respiratory viral infections, which can worsen lung function decline and increase hospitalization duration. This article discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of virus-induced","qid":38,"docid":"a577evo0","rank":40,"score":8.225600242614746},{"content":"A 45-year-old male patient with COVID-19 went through three clinical phases of the disease with distinct manifestations and prognosis. He first presented with fever and pharyngodynia in early April 2020, and was later admitted to a COVID hospital with mild interstitial pneumonia. He was treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir, darunavir, azithromy","qid":38,"docid":"shsnrhop","rank":41,"score":8.209500312805176},{"content":"A 45-year-old male patient with COVID-19 went through three clinical phases of the disease with distinct manifestations and prognosis. He first presented with fever and pharyngodynia in early April 2020, and was later admitted to a COVID hospital with mild interstitial pneumonia. He was treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir, darunavir, azithromy","qid":38,"docid":"yolut5q9","rank":42,"score":8.20949935913086},{"content":"The passage discusses the replication of coronaviruses, specifically SARS-CoV-2, in host cells and the resulting inflammatory consequences. The proposal is made for the use of anti-inflammatory and antiviral prostaglandins as a potential therapy for COVID-19, as they may restrict viral replication and prevent inflammatory responses in the lungs and vital organs. The combination of these prostaglandins with inter","qid":38,"docid":"1hebq65a","rank":43,"score":8.152299880981445},{"content":"Since late April 2020, there has been an increase in reports of Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response in children linked to COVID-19. This condition, known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), is rare and its risk factors, causes, prognosis, and treatment are not yet fully understood. Early recognition is crucial but no standardized treatment guidelines exist. International collaboration will","qid":38,"docid":"5oijah15","rank":44,"score":8.145600318908691},{"content":"Since late April 2020, there has been an increase in reports of Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response in children linked to COVID-19. This condition, known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), is rare and its risk factors, causes, prognosis, and treatment are not yet fully understood. Early recognition is crucial but no standardized treatment guidelines exist. International collaboration will","qid":38,"docid":"zdh1kvdj","rank":45,"score":8.145599365234375},{"content":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammation of the lower airways. This inflammation leads to the increased expression of a range of proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, enzymes, adhesion molecules, and receptors. Many of these proteins are not typically expressed in normal cells but are induced during inflammation in a cell-specific manner. Transcription factors regulate","qid":38,"docid":"hioh2s35","rank":46,"score":8.138899803161621},{"content":"The passage aims to analyze the potential mechanisms of cardiovascular dysfunctions caused by COVID-19 and to evaluate effective therapeutic pathways for patients with cardiovascular diseases. COVID-19 primarily damages the lungs but also contributes to hypertension and myocardial damage through various means, including the renin-angiotensin system imbalance, inflammatory storm, hypoxemia, and stress response. Close attention should be paid to both lung and","qid":38,"docid":"9xci72v0","rank":47,"score":8.13860034942627},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by the novel agent SARS-CoV-2, became a pandemic and major public health concern, leading to social and economic issues. The disease begins when the virus binds to ACE2 receptors and triggers an excessive immune response, resulting in a cytokine storm and organ damage. Genetic polymorphism's effect on the disease course and severity is not yet proven. The clinical course ranges from mild to severe,","qid":38,"docid":"6hzlbpxg","rank":48,"score":8.108799934387207},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, became a pandemic and major public health concern, leading to social and economic issues. The disease begins when the virus binds to ACE-2 receptors and triggers an excessive immune response, resulting in a cytokine storm and organ damage. The role of genetic polymorphism in disease severity is unproven. Clinical presentations range from mild to severe, with older adults and those","qid":38,"docid":"ot5v8n0c","rank":49,"score":8.10879898071289},{"content":"Mitochondria, once ancient bacteria, play a crucial role in immune responses to viral infections through interactions between metabolic pathways and inflammatory signals. This commentary discusses how mitochondrial machinery participates in immune responses, mediates antiviral immunity, and is manipulated by viruses to evade it. Additionally, it explores the regulation of mitochondrial machineries in antiviral therapeutics and the challenges and","qid":38,"docid":"zb98grls","rank":50,"score":8.090999603271484},{"content":"A study used iAT2s, human lung alveolar type 2 cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, to simulate the initial apical infection of the distal lung epithelium with SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection led to a rapid shift to an inflammatory phenotype, with the secretion of cytokines and delayed interferon responses. Over","qid":38,"docid":"ulb3vy01","rank":51,"score":8.088700294494629},{"content":"A study was conducted using the UK Biobank sepsis cohort as a surrogate to identify sepsis-associated genes and correlate them with COVID-19 patients. Sepsis, a life-threatening inflammatory condition with a mortality rate of approximately 20%, shares similar risk factors with severe COVID-19 patients, including severe hypoxia, low platelet count, elevated bilirubin, hypoalbum","qid":38,"docid":"b8ce35l4","rank":52,"score":8.087800025939941},{"content":"The passage discusses the activation of natural killer (NK) cells in COVID-19 patients based on a study using 28-color flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. The researchers identified distinct immunophenotypes of NK cells in peripheral blood, which were linked to disease severity. These immunophenotypes were characterized by high expression of perforin, NKG2C, and Ksp37, indicating","qid":38,"docid":"727e1m3f","rank":53,"score":8.081600189208984},{"content":"A study examining mHLA-DR expression, a marker of innate immune suppression, in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU found no indications of overt innate immune suppression. The patients, who were all mechanically ventilated and had high levels of inflammatory markers, displayed mostly normal mHLA-DR expression levels that did not change over time. Despite a pronounced inflammatory response, none of the COVID","qid":38,"docid":"3ngrtmb0","rank":54,"score":8.041600227355957},{"content":"Researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis of gene expression data from the blood, lung, and airway of COVID-19 patients to better understand the host response to SARS-CoV2 and identify potential therapeutic targets. Results indicate COVID-19 pathogenesis is driven by inflammatory myeloid-lineage cells with distinct signatures in each compartment. The relative absence of cytotoxic cells in the lung suggests delayed virus clearance may contribute to disease","qid":38,"docid":"9gdi5447","rank":55,"score":8.02299976348877},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a global pandemic and is associated with significant organ dysfunction syndrome, including cardiovascular impairment. Cardiovascular protective strategies are crucial for COVID-19 patients. Mechanisms of cardiovascular impairment include direct viral infection, cytokine storm, and aggravation of existing cardiovascular diseases, all of which are driven by hyperactivated inflammation. Anti","qid":38,"docid":"ca82o6do","rank":56,"score":7.989699840545654},{"content":"A study explores the sex differences in COVID-19 patients, with men having a higher risk of severe cases and higher fatality rates. Factors such as hormonal levels and immune functions are considered in understanding these differences. The study reviews reports on how sex affects ACE2, a key component in COVID-19 pathogenesis, and summarizes gender differences in immune responses and the role of sex hormones in immune processes. Additionally, the study examines available data on the","qid":38,"docid":"sgw0iaz4","rank":57,"score":7.973299980163574},{"content":"A significant number of COVID-19 patients experience hepatic injury, particularly those with severe or critical illness. The main pathologic changes include sinusoidal lymphocytic infiltration and multifocal hepatic necrosis. Both direct viral-induced cellular injuries and potential hepatotoxicity from therapeutic drugs are possible causes. Additionally, preexisting chronic liver disease and COVID-19-related hyper-","qid":38,"docid":"dskymg3e","rank":58,"score":7.967599868774414},{"content":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease causing damage to myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord, leading to demyelination, scarring, and various symptoms. Autoimmune response to self-antigens in genetically susceptible individuals triggers the disease, with T cells, particularly T(H)1 and T(H)17 subsets, playing a significant role. Regulatory T cells (T","qid":38,"docid":"gkbeqifb","rank":59,"score":7.938799858093262},{"content":"M\u00f6nkem\u00fcller et al. discussed the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the gastrointestinal tract, emphasizing the local and systemic inflammatory response caused by SARS-CoV-2. They reported three cases of severe colonic ischemia and elevated D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The authors highlighted the thromboembolic complications in COVID-","qid":38,"docid":"kyq9mouj","rank":60,"score":7.926000118255615},{"content":"M\u00f6nkem\u00fcller et al. discussed the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the gastrointestinal tract, emphasizing the local and systemic inflammatory response caused by SARS-CoV-2. They reported three cases of severe colonic ischemia and elevated D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The authors highlighted the thromboembolic complications in COVID-","qid":38,"docid":"l3ju3w3r","rank":61,"score":7.925999164581299},{"content":"This passage discusses four cases of delirium caused by COVID-19 infection in older patients with cognitive decline. Unique features of the delirium included rigidity, alogia, abulia, and elevated inflammatory markers. In three of the cases, mental status change was the presenting symptom without significant respiratory symptoms. Possible explanations for COVID-19 delirium include primary CNS invasion by the virus or secondary enceph","qid":38,"docid":"hhzcxu92","rank":62,"score":7.887899875640869},{"content":"Filoviruses, including ebolavirus and marburgvirus, infect and target antigen-presenting cells (APCs), particularly macrophages and dendritic cells, during hemorrhagic fever. The mechanisms behind these interactions, including filovirus replication in different APC subsets, cellular signaling pathways leading to cytokine and chemokine production, and innate antiviral response disabling, remain unclear. A","qid":38,"docid":"ymd5zt37","rank":63,"score":7.850100040435791},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for pharmacological agents or vaccines to treat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. While several agents are under investigation, no approved treatment exists. The disease's pathogenesis involves excessive inflammatory and immune response, as well as oxidative injury. This review focuses on updating the knowledge about COVID-19's pathogenesis,","qid":38,"docid":"afx2wv9d","rank":64,"score":7.843400001525879},{"content":"The passage discusses the urgent need for pharmacological agents or vaccines to treat and prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. While several agents are under investigation, no approved treatment exists. The disease's pathogenesis involves excessive inflammation, immune response, and oxidative injury. This review focuses on updating the knowledge about COVID-19's pathogenesis, clinical","qid":38,"docid":"rx1k9hu5","rank":65,"score":7.8433990478515625},{"content":"The passage discusses Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) as a model for understanding multiple sclerosis, a demyelinating disease. While virus-specific Th1 and cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses are primarily protective against the disease, Th1 responses to myelin antigens contribute to demyelination. Cytokine production in the central nervous system (CNS) during the disease process supports","qid":38,"docid":"3bi75xn8","rank":66,"score":7.838799953460693},{"content":"COVID-19 causes multiorgan damage beyond the lungs in severe cases, leading to increased risk of death from kidney injury. The inflammatory response, not the virus itself, causes tissue injury through hypercytokinemia and aggressive inflammation. The complement system, the first response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, contributes to acute and chronic inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, thrombus formation, and intrav","qid":38,"docid":"0mien60n","rank":67,"score":7.826099872589111},{"content":"COVID-19 causes multiorgan damage beyond the lungs in severe cases, leading to increased risk of death from cardiac injury and acute kidney injury. The inflammatory host immune response, not the virus itself, causes tissue injury through hypercytokinemia and aggressive inflammation. The complement system, which is the first response of the immune system to SARS-CoV-2 infection, contributes to acute and chronic inflammation, endot","qid":38,"docid":"ynze6yaz","rank":68,"score":7.826098918914795},{"content":"A study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) in e-cigarette-associated lung injury (EVALI). The study found that exposure to these substances and e-cigarette vape cartridges led to oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, and cytotoxicity in pulmonary epithelium and immune cells. In","qid":38,"docid":"vpcaa8u0","rank":69,"score":7.81850004196167},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 infects monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and macrophages (MDMs), leading to an attenuated interferon response and significant pro-inflammatory cytokine\/chemokine expression in MDMs but not in moDCs. This attenuated immune response in moDCs is associated with viral antagonism of STAT1 phosphorylation, which may","qid":38,"docid":"fwtohhe2","rank":70,"score":7.799699783325195},{"content":"The passage discusses the immunological and inflammatory profiles of mild and severe COVID-19 cases. Severe cases have more pronounced lymphopenia, selective loss of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells, excessive T-cell activation, and high expression of T-cell inhibitory molecules. CD8+ T cells in severe cases express high levels of cytotoxic molecules. Lung tissue from a fat","qid":38,"docid":"j6jb4j3b","rank":71,"score":7.798900127410889},{"content":"COVID-19 infection can range from asymptomatic to severe, with some cases leading to macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm syndrome. Factors contributing to severe disease and cytokine storm include impaired SARS-CoV-2 clearance, lower interferon levels, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and genetic mutations. Once immunologic complications occur, anti-viral treatment should be combined with","qid":38,"docid":"57qod8v1","rank":72,"score":7.795199871063232},{"content":"COVID-19 infection can range from asymptomatic to severe, with some cases leading to macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm syndrome. Factors contributing to severe disease and cytokine storm include impaired SARS-CoV-2 clearance, lower interferon levels, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and genetic mutations. Once immunologic complications occur, anti-viral treatment should be combined with","qid":38,"docid":"r3a3xr8b","rank":73,"score":7.795198917388916},{"content":"A study on SARS-CoV-2 explores its genome sequence similarities to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but the emergence of the new virus has rendered existing drugs ineffective. The research focuses on analyzing potential drug target proteins, mutations, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Structural analysis of drug target proteins provides insights into their mechanism of pathogenesis and structure-","qid":38,"docid":"1evug4fr","rank":74,"score":7.782299995422363},{"content":"The passage discusses the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its close relationship to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but the ineffectiveness of existing drugs against it. The review examines genetic differences, mutations, and structural analysis of potential drug target proteins in SARS-CoV-2, as well as differences in cytokine profiling and inflammatory signaling. Minimal genome sequence variation may","qid":38,"docid":"dfydh7sf","rank":75,"score":7.782299041748047},{"content":"The passage discusses two mutant murine coronaviruses with different interferon antagonists: one with reduced deubiquitinase (DUB) activity (DUBmut) and the other with inactivated endoribonuclease (EndoU) activity (EndoUmut). The DUBmut virus activates an earlier interferon response but has similar replication kinetics and pathogenesis as the wild type virus. In contrast,","qid":38,"docid":"l3qp0n9f","rank":76,"score":7.759200096130371},{"content":"Eosinophils, discovered over 140 years ago, are polymorphonuclear leukocytes with active metabolism and intracellular secretory granules. Classically linked to type 2 immune responses against parasites and allergies, eosinophils also play a role in host protection against fungi, bacteria, and viruses. They release cationic proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules","qid":38,"docid":"pmxc9u82","rank":77,"score":7.739099979400635},{"content":"Eosinophils, discovered over 140 years ago, are polymorphonuclear leukocytes with active metabolism and intracellular secretory granules. Classically linked to type 2 immune responses against parasites and allergies, eosinophils also play a role in host protection against fungi, bacteria, and viruses. They release cationic proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules","qid":38,"docid":"pv6sqk4j","rank":78,"score":7.739099025726318},{"content":"Ebola virus is a highly virulent pathogen that causes hemorrhagic fever syndrome by subverting both innate and adaptive immune responses and triggering harmful inflammatory responses. The virus overwhelms the host immune system, leading to cell damage in the liver and vasculature, often resulting in death from septic shock. Future research will focus on understanding interspecies transmission, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, and protective immune responses to Ebola virus.","qid":38,"docid":"ekmuz4ug","rank":79,"score":7.734799861907959},{"content":"This study investigates the role of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a viral disease characterized by fever, hemorrhage, and renal failure. The researchers found that serum DcR3 levels significantly increased during the oliguric phase and in the critical group, and were closely related to pro-inflammatory cytokines and kidney injury markers","qid":38,"docid":"d35uzf45","rank":80,"score":7.70550012588501},{"content":"This study investigated the expression of inflammation-related genes in the lungs of BALB\/c mice infected with two strains of H7N9 influenza A virus, which differed only in the PB2 residue 627. The results showed that NLRP3, RIP3, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 had significantly higher expression levels in H7N9-infected groups, contributing to lung pathological lesions.","qid":38,"docid":"pyrfgggz","rank":81,"score":7.689799785614014},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of pathogenic CD4+ T cells and inflammatory monocytes in the severe lung pathology and high mortality observed in COVID-19 patients. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, CD4+ T cells become pathogenic Th1 cells, generating cytokines that induce inflammatory monocytes with high IL-6 expression. These cells enter the pulmonary circulation in large numbers, contributing","qid":38,"docid":"iqx0rxun","rank":82,"score":7.689300060272217},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak, causing significant mortality and health concerns in over 150 countries, has hindered the identification of effective therapeutic drugs due to limited knowledge of the host immune response. To address this, transcriptome sequencing was performed on RNAs from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of COVID-19 patients. Results showed distinct cytokine profiles","qid":38,"docid":"0daf0i75","rank":83,"score":7.68720006942749},{"content":"The COVID-19 outbreak, causing significant mortality and health concerns in over 150 countries, has hindered the identification of effective therapeutic drugs due to limited knowledge of the host immune response. To address this, transcriptome sequencing was performed on RNAs from COVID-19 patients' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results showed distinct cytokine profiles in response to SARS-CoV","qid":38,"docid":"5nx2l9kf","rank":84,"score":7.687199115753174},{"content":"This study aimed to identify distinct bronchoalveolar lavage lipidome profiles in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients using untargeted lipidomic profiling analysis and clustering methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partitioning clustering analysis (k-means) were employed to evaluate variations and potential clusters. Results showed significant differences in BALF lipidomes between CAP and control groups, with lactosylcer","qid":38,"docid":"bdcjw336","rank":85,"score":7.685800075531006},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of inflammation in infectious diseases and how altered inflammatory responses can lead to disease progression. It introduces the concept of resolution mediators, which decrease inflammation and enhance the host's ability to fight infection. In the context of COVID-19, the article suggests that pro-resolving mediators could be beneficial in treating late-stage disease due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombogenic","qid":38,"docid":"ntd3yve7","rank":86,"score":7.660999774932861},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of inflammation in infectious diseases, including COVID-19, and the importance of endogenous mediators that drive inflammation resolution. These mediators decrease inflammatory responses and enhance the host's ability to combat infection. In the lung, pro-resolution molecules or strategies that promote their increase suppress inflammation and lung injury, and facilitate control of viral or bacterial burden. The passage suggests that the anti-infl","qid":38,"docid":"z5z7db0b","rank":87,"score":7.660998821258545},{"content":"Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, play a protective role in viral encephalitis by coordinating the innate immune response to viral infection. Depletion of microglia in mouse models leads to increased viral replication, more severe neurological disease, and heightened mortality. Mechanisms include microglial interactions with T cells and phagocytosis of infected neurons. Inflammatory cytokine production","qid":38,"docid":"ti2fr0uh","rank":88,"score":7.655200004577637},{"content":"Patients with heart failure are more susceptible to COVID-19 and experience more severe symptoms. Myocardial injury, indicated by increased troponin levels, occurs in up to 35% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly those who are critically ill or have concurrent cardiac disease. Mechanisms contributing to myocardial injury include fever, tachycardia, adrenergic stimulation, inflammation, and endotheliitis","qid":38,"docid":"17hyh3n5","rank":89,"score":7.653800010681152},{"content":"Patients with heart failure are more susceptible to COVID-19 and experience more severe symptoms. Myocardial injury, indicated by increased troponin levels, occurs in up to 35% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly those who are critically ill or have concurrent cardiac disease. Mechanisms contributing to myocardial injury include fever, tachycardia, adrenergic stimulation, inflammation, and endotheliitis","qid":38,"docid":"5svfhlzh","rank":90,"score":7.653799057006836},{"content":"A study explored the role of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in the inflammatory response of blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells, which is crucial in central nervous system inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis. Knockdown of NRP1 in brain microvascular endothelial cells suppressed IFN\u03b3-induced C-X-C motif chemokine 10 expression and STAT","qid":38,"docid":"f7isruy0","rank":91,"score":7.64709997177124},{"content":"A 75-year-old stage-III NSCLC patient underwent radio-chemotherapy and durvalumab treatment, but developed pneumonitis and had immunotherapy suspended. After four cycles, he suddenly developed fever and severe dyspnea, with chest radiography showing diffuse alveolar and interstitial infiltrates. RT-PCR confirmed Covid-19 diagnosis, but his condition worsened despite antiviral therapy and","qid":38,"docid":"k9hut687","rank":92,"score":7.640600204467773},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to liver dysfunction in some patients, with elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels. The cause of this liver damage is unclear, with potential contributing factors including viral infection, use of hepatotoxic drugs, systemic inflammation, respiratory distress, and multiple organ dysfunction. This review article examines the demographic and clinical characteristics","qid":38,"docid":"hmpmm9k8","rank":93,"score":7.615099906921387},{"content":"The passage discusses a study examining host transcriptomes in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases to identify pathways affecting disease progression. Differentially regulated genes (DEGs) were categorized into cellular pathways, with the majority related to immune activation, cytokine signaling, pathogen uptake, host defenses, blood and vasculature genes, and SARS-CoV-2- and other virus-affected path","qid":38,"docid":"yrelcfx9","rank":94,"score":7.608099937438965},{"content":"Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes a potentially fatal disease with symptoms including fever, myalgia, hemorrhages, raised liver enzymes, and increased bleeding markers. The virus, prevalent in about 30 countries, employs mechanisms to avoid triggering antiviral type I interferons. Recent studies have suggested a role for inflammatory cytokines in the disease's pathogenesis","qid":38,"docid":"zedd7ug4","rank":95,"score":7.592100143432617},{"content":"The passage discusses the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, which shares similarities with past coronaviruses and can lead to respiratory symptoms and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The management of COVID-19 includes ventilatory support, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, and vaccines, which have not been developed yet. Some anti-rheumatic drugs, such as antimalarials, anti-","qid":38,"docid":"040w9ba1","rank":96,"score":7.5883002281188965},{"content":"A study using single-cell RNA sequencing on nasopharyngeal and bronchial samples from patients with moderate or critical COVID-19 and healthy controls identified epithelial cell types and states vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with severe COVID-19 showed an average three-fold increase in ACE2 expression, which correlated with interferon signals by immune cells. Critical cases exhibited stronger interactions between epithel","qid":38,"docid":"mg8uyeuh","rank":97,"score":7.573999881744385},{"content":"A study using single-cell RNA sequencing on nasopharyngeal and bronchial samples from patients with moderate or critical COVID-19 and healthy controls identified epithelial cell types and states vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with severe COVID-19 showed an average three-fold increase in ACE2 expression, which correlated with interferon signals by immune cells. Critical cases had stronger interactions between epithelial","qid":38,"docid":"zwsp463x","rank":98,"score":7.573998928070068},{"content":"The human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in humans, and vaccination with formalin-inactivated hRSV (FI-hRSV) has resulted in disease exacerbation due to the formation of immune complexes (hRSV-ICs) and engagement of Fc gamma receptors (Fc\u03b3Rs) on immune cells.","qid":38,"docid":"yd2p1buu","rank":99,"score":7.567999839782715},{"content":"The passage discusses the connection between COVID-19 and cancer, with a focus on the increased risk of severe disease progression in cancer patients and the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to contribute to cancer development. The interplay of the inflammatory immune response and tissue damage caused by COVID-19 infection is also explored. Research on the long-term consequences of COVID-19, including the possibility of cancer development, is emphasized.","qid":38,"docid":"udce22id","rank":100,"score":7.565499782562256}]}
{"query":"What is the mechanism of cytokine storm syndrome on the COVID-19?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patient safety and social stability, with some severe cases leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ failure. The primary cause of disease deterioration is cytokine storm. Current treatments, including interleukin-6 antibody blockers, stem cell therapy, and convalescent plasma transfusions, have shown progress in counteracting cyt","qid":39,"docid":"zukc3lvq","rank":1,"score":12.485899925231934},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by the Corona Virus, has led to significant health and social issues, with some patients developing acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ failure in later stages. A major contributing factor to this deterioration is the cytokine storm mechanism. Current treatments, including interleukin-6 antibody blockers, stem cell therapy, and convalescent plasma transfusions, have shown progress in counteracting the cytokine","qid":39,"docid":"3d04p4xp","rank":2,"score":12.451299667358398},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by the Corona Virus, has led to significant health and social issues, with some patients developing acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ failure in later stages. A major contributing factor to this deterioration is the cytokine storm mechanism. Current treatments, including interleukin-6 antibody blockers, stem cell therapy, and convalescent plasma transfusions, have shown progress in counteracting the cytokine","qid":39,"docid":"urr5iuy2","rank":3,"score":12.451298713684082},{"content":"A 48-year-old male with severe COVID-19 was treated with tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor inhibitor, to prevent a cytokine storm and avoid mechanical ventilation. The patient's declining respiratory status and increasing acute phase reactant levels indicated the potential onset of a cytokine storm. The treatment was well-tolerated and the patient experienced improvements in respiratory symptoms and clinical status.","qid":39,"docid":"jorwzkld","rank":4,"score":12.278800010681152},{"content":"The passage discusses the possible mechanism behind the cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection. The severity of COVID-19 infections varies widely, with elderly adults experiencing deadly critical cases and cytokine storms, which can lead to edematous ARDS, pneumonia, and multiple organ failure. The reason for this is unclear, but it is believed that aging, or \"inflamm-aging,\" which is characterized by mildly elev","qid":39,"docid":"7ak53hto","rank":5,"score":12.003299713134766},{"content":"The passage discusses the possible mechanism behind the cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection. The severity of COVID-19 infections varies widely, with elderly adults experiencing deadly critical cases and cytokine storms, which can lead to edematous ARDS, pneumonia, and multiple organ failure. The reason for this is unclear, but it is believed that aging, or \"inflamm-aging,\" which is characterized by mildly elev","qid":39,"docid":"w6b1h1of","rank":6,"score":12.00329875946045},{"content":"Tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is used to treat CRS or cytokine storm syndrome in severe COVID-19 patients by binding to both membrane-bound and soluble IL-6 receptors and inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanism of tocilizumab's activity.","qid":39,"docid":"5c9f4m2f","rank":7,"score":11.957099914550781},{"content":"A novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak, causing severe pneumonia in 15.7% of patients and rapid disease progression due to cytokine storm, has no specific treatment. IL-6, a key cytokine in infection-induced cytokine storm, is targeted by Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist approved for cytokine release syndrome (CRS)","qid":39,"docid":"nqprluto","rank":8,"score":11.873499870300293},{"content":"COVID-19 infection can range from asymptomatic to severe, with some cases leading to macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm syndrome. Factors contributing to severe disease and cytokine storm include impaired SARS-CoV-2 clearance, lower interferon levels, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and genetic mutations. Once immunologic complications occur, anti-viral treatment should be combined with","qid":39,"docid":"57qod8v1","rank":9,"score":11.866800308227539},{"content":"COVID-19 infection can range from asymptomatic to severe, with some cases leading to macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm syndrome. Factors contributing to severe disease and cytokine storm include impaired SARS-CoV-2 clearance, lower interferon levels, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and genetic mutations. Once immunologic complications occur, anti-viral treatment should be combined with","qid":39,"docid":"r3a3xr8b","rank":10,"score":11.866799354553223},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, leads to severe pneumonia, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Immune over-activation resulting in a cytokine storm contributes to deaths in late stages of the disease. The mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm are reviewed, with suggestions for targeted cyt","qid":39,"docid":"fozglfc8","rank":11,"score":11.850000381469727},{"content":"A novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak, causing severe pneumonia in 15.7% of patients and rapid disease progression due to cytokine storm, has no specific treatment. IL-6, a key cytokine in infection-induced cytokine storm, is targeted by Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist approved for cytokine release syndrome (CRS)","qid":39,"docid":"yaov2osz","rank":12,"score":11.814200401306152},{"content":"COVID-19, a global pandemic causing respiratory infection, leads to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in some cases. Mortality is linked to the \"cytokine storm\" caused by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to ARDS aggravation, multi-organ failure, and death. Targeting cytokines during treatment could improve survival and reduce mortality.","qid":39,"docid":"ete5n5pw","rank":13,"score":11.721199989318848},{"content":"COVID-19, a global pandemic causing respiratory infection, leads to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in some cases. Mortality is linked to the \"cytokine storm\" caused by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to ARDS aggravation, multi-organ failure, and death. Targeting cytokines during treatment could improve survival and reduce mortality.","qid":39,"docid":"ne1qvf5g","rank":14,"score":11.721199035644531},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic with over 4 million confirmed cases as of May 11, 2020. The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact. Clinical data indicates that a cytokine storm contributes to COVID-19 severity and mortality. With no antivirals or vaccines available, understanding the cytokine storm in","qid":39,"docid":"hqzkzupi","rank":15,"score":11.65369987487793},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic with over 4 million confirmed cases as of May 11, 2020. The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact. Clinical data indicates that a cytokine storm contributes to COVID-19 severity and mortality. With no antivirals or vaccines available, understanding the cytokine storm in","qid":39,"docid":"rvrgcugn","rank":16,"score":11.653698921203613},{"content":"A cancer survivor with COVID-19 developed acute respiratory failure due to a cytokine storm. Despite treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone, the patient remained critically ill and required mechanical ventilation. He was later treated with tocilizumab, which led to improvement and successful extubation, suggesting a potential role for tocilizumab in managing cytokine storm in","qid":39,"docid":"a8jt6rth","rank":17,"score":11.521100044250488},{"content":"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health threat with over 290,000 deaths. Symptoms range from mild to severe pneumonitis and ARDS. Severe cases experience immune overactivation, or a cytokine storm, which can lead to multiple organ failure and death. This review covers COVID-19 epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2-induced cyt","qid":39,"docid":"bxfyse59","rank":18,"score":11.458600044250488},{"content":"The lung is a primary target of the cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to COVID-19. This dysregulated immune response damages alveolar epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, causing lung infiltration by neutrophils and macrophages. IL-6 and other cytokines\/chemokines contribute to this inflammatory response. Targeting cytokines, their","qid":39,"docid":"o9xh6bqz","rank":19,"score":11.373100280761719},{"content":"The passage discusses the immune response and immunopathological changes in COVID-19, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Asymptomatic cases are common, but many patients experience a self-limiting viral respiratory disease. Neutralizing antiviral T cell and antibody immunity develops after infection. Severe cases exhibit unique features such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive","qid":39,"docid":"1w7g6dkq","rank":20,"score":11.352999687194824},{"content":"The passage discusses the immune response and immunopathological changes in COVID-19, which is currently a global pandemic. Asymptomatic cases are common, and most patients experience a self-limiting viral respiratory disease. However, high viral load and repeated exposure can lead to severe disease, including lymphopenia, eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, lung damage, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome","qid":39,"docid":"fczf3lzc","rank":21,"score":11.352998733520508},{"content":"Patients with severe COVID-19 may experience a cytokine storm, characterized by an excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. The cause is believed to be the attachment of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, leading to hyperinflammation. Four molecular axes contributing to this inflammatory response are discussed: the renin","qid":39,"docid":"s82qv18v","rank":22,"score":11.344099998474121},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, specifically in the context of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China. The text indicates that severe cases of COVID-19 result in alveolar injury and multi-organ failure, which are associated with hyperproduction of cytokines. Both mild and","qid":39,"docid":"nmdko4nl","rank":23,"score":11.31350040435791},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, specifically in the context of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China. The text explains that severe COVID-19 outcomes are often due to alveolar injury and multi-organ failure, which are associated with hyperproduction of cytokines. Both mild","qid":39,"docid":"r4vobu5w","rank":24,"score":11.313499450683594},{"content":"A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 was identified in December 2019 and spread rapidly worldwide. The virus enters cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor. COVID-19 is characterized by a sudden deterioration of disease, low lymphocyte levels, and high pro-inflammatory cytokines. Severe cases experience cyt","qid":39,"docid":"8mei3fqy","rank":25,"score":11.20989990234375},{"content":"The passage discusses the progression of COVID-19 to severe or critical illness, which is often associated with cytokine storm, indicated by elevated serum levels of certain cytokines. The article summarizes previous research on using Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) to treat severe cases of SARS, focusing on those targeting cytokine storm. Data mining and network pharmacology were used to investigate the mechanisms and pathways involved in TCM","qid":39,"docid":"ph3z1ha4","rank":26,"score":11.111000061035156},{"content":"The passage discusses the background of COVID-19 and its severe forms characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple-organ failure (MOF). The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not fully understood, and effective treatments are lacking. The cytokine storm, or excessive cytokine release in response to viral infection, is believed to be the mechanism leading to ARDS and MOF. The article aims to explore potential","qid":39,"docid":"lnltoj1n","rank":27,"score":11.059900283813477},{"content":"The passage discusses the background of COVID-19 and its severe forms characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple-organ failure (MOF). The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not fully understood, and effective treatments are lacking. The cytokine storm, or excessive cytokine release in response to viral infection, is believed to be the mechanism leading to ARDS and MOF. The article aims to explore potential","qid":39,"docid":"re7ar8b1","rank":28,"score":11.05989933013916},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of Jaktinib hydrochloride in treating cytokine storms in patients with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection, caused by the coronavirus, is a major public health threat and is known to cause cytokine storms, which can worsen the condition from mild to severe or critical. Current treatments for cytokine storms are limited, and there is a focus on finding an","qid":39,"docid":"69884505","rank":29,"score":11.002599716186523},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of Jaktinib hydrochloride in treating cytokine storms in patients with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection, caused by the coronavirus, is a major public health threat and is known to cause cytokine storms, which can worsen the condition from mild to severe or critical. Current treatments for cytokine storms are limited, and there is a focus on finding an","qid":39,"docid":"a1m11gx9","rank":30,"score":11.002598762512207},{"content":"Pirfenidone, an anti-fibrotic agent with minimal side effects, could be a potential treatment for COVID-19. Approved for mild to moderate Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, pirfenidone inhibits apoptosis, downregulates ACE receptors expression, decreases inflammation, and ameliorates oxidative stress. These mechanisms could protect pneumocytes and other cells from COVID-19 invasion","qid":39,"docid":"ru2mxne1","rank":31,"score":10.934900283813477},{"content":"The passage suggests that COVID-19 can lead to mortality in some patients due to a condition called cytokine storm syndrome. To mitigate this, the authors propose IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist therapy for COVID-19 patients. Two humanized monoconal antibodies, tocilizumab and sarilumab, are currently in clinical trials for this purpose. However, researchers and physicians are encouraged to explore additional IL","qid":39,"docid":"wbk2q4aj","rank":32,"score":10.882499694824219},{"content":"Two COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) recovered after receiving tocilizumab, a treatment proposed for cytokine storm syndrome caused by hyperactive immune systems. Both patients had previously responded to antiviral therapy. This case suggests tocilizumab's effectiveness in treating COVID-19-related ARDS, but further studies are needed to assess its safety and efficacy.","qid":39,"docid":"6lr8i54a","rank":33,"score":10.864299774169922},{"content":"A retrospective study of 568 critically ill COVID-19 patients in Wuhan's Tongji Hospital found that those who received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) had a lower mortality rate (18.8%) compared to those who did not receive HCQ (45.8%). The HCQ group also had a shorter hospital stay and lower levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 at the","qid":39,"docid":"2u5zxc2i","rank":34,"score":10.804100036621094},{"content":"The passage suggests that COVID-19 leads to mortality in some patients due to a condition called cytokine storm syndrome. To mitigate this, the authors propose IL6 receptor antagonist therapy for COVID-19 patients. Two humanized monoclonal antibodies, tocilizumab and sarilumab, are currently in clinical trials for this purpose. However, researchers and physicians are encouraged to explore additional IL6 receptor antagonists to","qid":39,"docid":"b30nkhcs","rank":35,"score":10.74590015411377},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of the flavonolignan silibinin as a treatment for COVID-19, the illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Silibinin is suggested to target both the host's inflammatory response and the virus replication machinery. As a direct inhibitor of STAT3, a regulator of inflammatory cytokine signaling, silibinin may limit c","qid":39,"docid":"ci7eybs8","rank":36,"score":10.708600044250488},{"content":"The passage discusses the correlation between poor outcomes in COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome. It suggests that broad screening for cytokine storm and early anti-inflammatory therapy could prevent immunopathology and help conserve healthcare resources. The authors recommend learning from clinical experience in cytokine storm syndromes to benefit teams treating severe COVID-19 patients.","qid":39,"docid":"6io0zd0z","rank":37,"score":10.701499938964844},{"content":"The passage discusses the correlation between poor outcomes in COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome. It suggests that broad screening for cytokine storm and early anti-inflammatory therapy could prevent immunopathology and help conserve healthcare resources. The authors recommend drawing from clinical experience in managing cytokine storm syndromes to improve care for severe COVID-19 patients.","qid":39,"docid":"y26r9g3m","rank":38,"score":10.701498985290527},{"content":"A 55-year-old patient with primary myelofibrosis, significant comorbidities, and a 15-month history of ruxolitinib treatment experienced stable COVID-19 pneumonia without the need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressors. Continuation of ruxolitinib treatment prevented cytokine storm and ARDS.","qid":39,"docid":"q5eor7hh","rank":39,"score":10.660699844360352},{"content":"A 55-year-old patient with primary myelofibrosis, significant comorbidities, and a 15-month history of ruxolitinib treatment experienced stable COVID-19 pneumonia without the need for mechanical ventilation or vasoppressors. Continuation of ruxolitinib treatment prevented cytokine storm and ARDS.","qid":39,"docid":"udyfm2bn","rank":40,"score":10.660698890686035},{"content":"The passage discusses COVID-19, also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus disease. When severe, COVID-19 is a systemic illness marked by hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, and increased cardiac injury biomarkers. The article reviews the current understanding of COVID-19's pathophysiology, cardiovascular manifestations, and potential treatments, providing a comprehensive overview up to April 3, ","qid":39,"docid":"dn41mqmb","rank":41,"score":10.61299991607666},{"content":"The passage summarizes a article about the cytokine storm, an excessive immune response leading to high mortality. During the COVID-19 epidemic, some severe cases have been linked to this condition. The article aims to explain the mechanisms behind COVID-19-induced inflammatory storm and propose treatment strategies.","qid":39,"docid":"fqlv35vo","rank":42,"score":10.603699684143066},{"content":"The passage discusses the cytokine storm, an extreme immune response to external stimuli, and its connection to high mortality in COVID-19 patients. The article aims to provide insight into the mechanisms behind COVID-19-induced inflammatory storms and potential treatment strategies.","qid":39,"docid":"iaatjew2","rank":43,"score":10.60369873046875},{"content":"The SARS-CoV2 infection caused by COVID-19 leads to different clinical phenotypes based on the amount of cytokines released. Mild cases have a balanced cytokine response, severe cases experience a cytokine storm leading to lung damage, and critical cases have an uncontrolled immune response resembling secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in multi-organ failure. An immune-modul","qid":39,"docid":"5rc9x979","rank":44,"score":10.561300277709961},{"content":"The SARS-CoV2 infection caused by COVID-19 leads to different clinical phenotypes based on the amount of cytokines released. Mild cases have a balanced cytokine response, severe cases experience a cytokine storm leading to lung damage, and critical cases have an uncontrolled immune response resembling secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, potentially resulting in multi-organ failure. An immune-mod","qid":39,"docid":"vt56yqel","rank":45,"score":10.561299324035645},{"content":"A subset of COVID-19 patients experience cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) with elevated inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6). The success of IL-6 receptor blockade in treating CAR T-cell therapy-related CRS has led to investigations of using tocilizumab for COVID-19 CSS.","qid":39,"docid":"i757oxb6","rank":46,"score":10.456700325012207},{"content":"A subset of COVID-19 patients experience cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) with elevated inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6). The success of IL-6 receptor blockade in treating CAR T-cell therapy-related CRS is leading to investigations of using tocilizumab for COVID-19 CSS.","qid":39,"docid":"jxsj3lg6","rank":47,"score":10.45669937133789},{"content":"The passage discusses the complex relationship between COVID-19 and the cytokine storm, which can lead to secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). While some COVID-19 patients develop fully blown sHLH, others exhibit features of hyperinflammation without meeting sHLH criteria. The cause of sHLH varies, and the differences lie in the phases of the process. The discovery of a hyperinflam","qid":39,"docid":"l95x70ab","rank":48,"score":10.45479965209961},{"content":"The passage discusses the complex relationship between COVID-19 and the cytokine storm, which can lead to secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). While some COVID-19 patients develop fully blown sHLH, others exhibit features of hyperinflammation without meeting sHLH criteria. The cause of sHLH varies, and the differences lie in the various phases of the process. The identification of a hyperinfl","qid":39,"docid":"qth1y88o","rank":49,"score":10.454798698425293},{"content":"The passage discusses the limited knowledge on the immune status of COVID-19 patients and the importance of understanding it by referencing previous coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysregulated interferon-1 response in COVID-19 patients are similar to SARS and MERS, suggesting a possible cytokine storm-mediated lung damage. An adapt","qid":39,"docid":"f37cp6j3","rank":50,"score":10.449399948120117},{"content":"A letter by Randy Cron and colleagues drew attention to the connection between the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in macrophage activation syndrome common in rheumatology and the CSS proposed to occur in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Amid the virus's high contagion, the scientific community was faced with an infodemia, urgently seeking effective therapies while managing patients.","qid":39,"docid":"55n1ttz4","rank":51,"score":10.434000015258789},{"content":"Hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH), also known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, is a severe inflammatory disorder characterized by cytopenia, excessive cytokine production, and hyperferritinemia. Common symptoms include fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and multiorgan failure. HLH can have primary (genetic) or secondary (re","qid":39,"docid":"azy3uf6m","rank":52,"score":10.42959976196289},{"content":"Hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH), also known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, is a severe inflammatory disorder characterized by cytopenia, excessive cytokine production, and hyperferritinemia. Common symptoms include fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and multiorgan failure. HLH can have primary (genetic) or secondary (re","qid":39,"docid":"fqobpo47","rank":53,"score":10.429598808288574},{"content":"The passage discusses the disproportionate impact of severe COVID-19 and deaths in older adults, and argues that monocytes, a type of circulating immune cell, play a key role in the cytokine storm and associated pathologies in COVID-19. Monocyte function and phenotype changes in both aging and severe COVID-19, suggesting a potential mechanism for increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. The innate immune system is","qid":39,"docid":"ch7pjb70","rank":54,"score":10.347200393676758},{"content":"The passage discusses the disproportionate impact of severe COVID-19 and deaths in older adults, and argues that monocytes, a type of circulating immune cell, play a key role in the cytokine storm and associated pathologies in COVID-19. Monocyte function and phenotype changes in both aging and severe COVID-19, suggesting a potential mechanism for increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. The innate immune system is","qid":39,"docid":"uiffwx65","rank":55,"score":10.347199440002441},{"content":"The passage discusses COVID-19, the illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Severe cases of COVID-19 involve systemic symptoms including hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, and increased cardiac injury biomarkers. This review covers the underlying causes of COVID-19, its cardiovascular effects, and potential treatments, providing a comprehensive overview up to April 3, 2020.","qid":39,"docid":"d4h49d8b","rank":56,"score":10.340999603271484},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of catecholamines and cytokines in the severity and mortality of COVID-19, specifically in the context of a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). The study suggests that catecholamines enhance inflammatory injury by increasing IL-6 production through alpha-1 adrenergic receptor (\u03b11-AR) signaling. Prophylactic inhibition of catecholamine synt","qid":39,"docid":"0lwmzjxz","rank":57,"score":10.331399917602539},{"content":"The passage presents a hypothesis suggesting that the low molecular weight fraction of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A), a novel biologic being developed for osteoarthritis, could improve clinical outcomes of COVID-19 by attenuating hyperinflammation and potential cytokine storms. In vitro studies indicate that LMWF5A reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes resolution of inflammation. A","qid":39,"docid":"uxuvirv7","rank":58,"score":10.32289981842041},{"content":"A case is presented of a COVID-19 patient who developed Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES), characterized by typical imaging findings. The inflammatory response to COVID-19 infection is linked to PRES through increased cytokine levels and endothelial injury. Given the widespread COVID-19 pandemic, more cases of PRES are anticipated.","qid":39,"docid":"3tdj1yy5","rank":59,"score":10.313400268554688},{"content":"The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic caused by the SARS-COV2 Virus, also known as COVID-19, which was first reported in China in December 2019, has become a significant global health concern. The virus can lead to cytokine storm, an inflammatory response with excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in lung disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome.","qid":39,"docid":"8lnb2tnz","rank":60,"score":10.251399993896484},{"content":"The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic, caused by the SARS-COV2 Virus (COVID-19), initially reported in China in December 2019, is a significant global health concern. The virus can lead to cytokine storm, an inflammatory response causing lung disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome, potentially resulting in septic shock and multi-organ failure. This article provides an overview of the","qid":39,"docid":"k3w39apy","rank":61,"score":10.251399040222168},{"content":"A hyperinflammatory state, or \"cytokine storm,\" is a severe complication of COVID-19. While several anti-inflammatory\/immunosuppressive agents are being evaluated, there is insufficient evidence for their efficacy and safety. The authors suggest that selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which plays a role in the inflammatory response, may attenuate the cyt","qid":39,"docid":"brmmpwls","rank":62,"score":10.24470043182373},{"content":"A hyperinflammatory state, or \"cytokine storm,\" is a severe complication of COVID-19. While several anti-inflammatory\/immunosuppressive agents are being studied, there is insufficient evidence for their efficacy and safety. The authors suggest that selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) may attenuate the cytokine storm by inhibiting pro-inflammatory","qid":39,"docid":"gf0p6g7w","rank":63,"score":10.244699478149414},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of immunotherapies as an adjunct treatment for severely ill COVID-19 patients. With no specific therapies for COVID-19, most patients rely on mechanical ventilation. The early immune response to COVID-19 causes severe lung damage through cytokine storm and immune cell migration to the lungs. Due to uncertainties and potential risks of immunosuppressive treatments like corticosteroids, the authors suggest immun","qid":39,"docid":"3uodkrkp","rank":64,"score":10.237500190734863},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of immunotherapies as an adjunct treatment for severely ill COVID-19 patients. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions with over 275,000 fatalities as of May 8, 2020. There are currently no specific COVID-19 therapies, and most patients require mechanical ventilation. The early immune response to COVID-19 involves c","qid":39,"docid":"7j7wiylq","rank":65,"score":10.237499237060547},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global health crisis, with patients experiencing strong cytokine and interferon production and associated cytokine storm syndrome. The lack of approved therapies or vaccines to treat COVID-19 highlights the need for existing treatments to address hyperinflammation and reduce mortality. This review explores potential options, including antivirals, vaccines, small-molecules,","qid":39,"docid":"y4kohxgy","rank":66,"score":10.23169994354248},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and high mortality rates due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response and cytokine storm. Chinese researchers suggest using anti-inflammatory agents as part of the treatment for COVID-19 patients.","qid":39,"docid":"3fp46sov","rank":67,"score":10.221599578857422},{"content":"The cause of Covid-19-related kidney damage, or Covid-19 nephropathy, is not yet clear and is believed to result from a combination of factors including dehydration leading to pre-renal failure, toxic damage from cytokine storm or rhabdomyolysis, direct damage to kidney cells by the virus, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity.","qid":39,"docid":"6f2xb5m7","rank":68,"score":10.206399917602539},{"content":"A multicentre randomized controlled trial is being conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous high-dose vitamin C (HIVC) in treating severe COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction. The hypothesis is that HIVC can suppress cytokine storms caused by COVID-19, improve pulmonary function, and reduce the risk of ARDS. The study plans to recruit","qid":39,"docid":"9eug7szt","rank":69,"score":10.190600395202637},{"content":"The study reveals that inhibiting JAK1 kinase in mice with hypersensitivity to interferon due to overexpression of interferon receptor genes prevents lethal immune responses, cytokine storm, and organ failure.","qid":39,"docid":"yabt72jf","rank":70,"score":10.176199913024902},{"content":"COVID-19, a contagious disease affecting elderly and comorbid individuals, causes lung injury through a robust immune response leading to cytokine storm. Nicotinamide, a PARP inhibitor, is suggested as a supportive treatment to prevent cytokine storm-induced lung damage. Previously used for reducing lung injury from ventilators and hypoxia, nicotinamide may alter the course of COVID-19. PARP plays a","qid":39,"docid":"1kv12oj0","rank":71,"score":10.116100311279297},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a national emergency in the United States, leading to a high risk for millions of Americans and a shortage of medical resources. The disease can lead to severe illness, including septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction, and currently approved treatments are only supportive. The present cytokine storm caused by an overactive immune system can lead to organ damage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, and secondary infections, potentially resulting","qid":39,"docid":"aplbtvfd","rank":72,"score":10.100299835205078},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a national emergency in the United States, leading to a recession and disrupted lifestyles. The disease can lead to severe illness and death, with high-risk individuals outnumbering available medical resources. Current treatments are supportive but not curative, and new treatments such as vaccines, Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and combination therapy are being studied. Expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal","qid":39,"docid":"e98a5ed5","rank":73,"score":10.100298881530762},{"content":"A severe COVID-19 patient who experienced a cytokine storm and required mechanical ventilation due to ARDS had a poor prognosis. However, their outcome improved after timely intervention with extracorporeal blood purification (EBP).","qid":39,"docid":"zjxey3po","rank":74,"score":10.087300300598145},{"content":"A subset of severe COVID-19 patients experience inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction similar to Cytokine Storm Syndromes (CSS) such as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), and CAR-T cell therapy associated CRS. Novel cytokine-targeting treatments are the standard for CSS, and this review","qid":39,"docid":"2b6l1c0n","rank":75,"score":10.086700439453125},{"content":"A subset of severe COVID-19 patients experience inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction similar to Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS). This review compares CSS in COVID-19 to other hematological CSS, including secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), and CAR-T cell therapy associated CRS. Novel cyt","qid":39,"docid":"9321dl89","rank":76,"score":10.086699485778809},{"content":"A study suggests that overexpression of Kv1.3 channels in lymphocytes leads to overactivation of cellular immunity and cytokine storm in severe cases of COVID-19. Previous research shows that chloroquine and azithromycin suppress Kv1.3 channel activity and cytokine production from lymphocytes. This mechanism could explain the effectiveness of these drugs in treating severe COVID-19 cases.","qid":39,"docid":"xhr9i6gw","rank":77,"score":10.062899589538574},{"content":"The SARS-CoV2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that can lead to fatal lower respiratory tract infections and ARDS. The immune response to the virus can result in a \"cytokine storm,\" characterized by high cytokine concentrations, which contributes to lethal symptoms. Individuals with underlying risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and COPD, are","qid":39,"docid":"6dq6gm27","rank":78,"score":10.059700012207031},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to lymphopenia due to the exhaustion and decreasing count of natural killer cells and T cells. This is caused by the body's inability to eradicate the infection, resulting in hyperactivation of the immune system and excessive release of inflammatory cytokines, known as a cytokine storm syndrome. The paper discusses these mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.","qid":39,"docid":"cmq2832d","rank":79,"score":9.944100379943848},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to lymphopenia due to exhausted natural killer cells and T cells. The inability to eliminate the virus results in hyperactivation of the immune system, releasing excessive inflammatory cytokines and causing a cytokine storm syndrome. This paper discusses the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for addressing lymphopenia in COVID-19.","qid":39,"docid":"ep9aqpfs","rank":80,"score":9.944099426269531},{"content":"A new disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as COVID-19, emerged in December 2019. No specific antiviral therapy has been approved for COVID-19. Instead, evidence suggests a hyperinflammatory state or \"cytokine storm\" in COVID-19 patients, with IL-6 playing a key role in predicting adverse outcomes and mortality. Given the prevalence of comorbidities like","qid":39,"docid":"0fgquau3","rank":81,"score":9.943499565124512},{"content":"A group of patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in China in late 2019 showed a hyperinflammatory state or cytokine storm, with IL-6 playing a key role in predicting adverse outcomes and mortality. Comorbidities like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases increase the need for anti-cytokine therapy. Recent studies suggest that parthenolide, a natural product from Tanacetum","qid":39,"docid":"qiy1tiga","rank":82,"score":9.943498611450195},{"content":"A retrospective study of 41 COVID-19 patients revealed that while most experienced mild symptoms, some developed aggravated disease and eventually died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by a severe cytokine storm. The January 2020 guidelines for treating SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia recommended cytokine monitoring to reduce mortality. The cytokine storm is a significant factor in mortality for various viral diseases, including","qid":39,"docid":"5bmdzgla","rank":83,"score":9.932600021362305},{"content":"A retrospective study of 41 COVID-19 patients revealed that while most experienced mild symptoms, some critically ill patients developed severe cytokine storms leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. Guidelines published in late January 2020 recommended cytokine monitoring for severely ill patients to reduce mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia. The cytokine storm is a significant cause of mortality in various viral diseases, including S","qid":39,"docid":"8a0tmn90","rank":84,"score":9.932599067687988},{"content":"Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections experience immune system changes and inflammatory cytokine storms, leading to multi-organ damage. The NF-kappa-B pathway, which is induced by several mediators, plays a significant role in cytokine storm. Diabetic patients have a higher risk for COVID-19 due to increased virus entry, impaired immunity response, less viral elimination, and dysregulated","qid":39,"docid":"8p5chz08","rank":85,"score":9.911100387573242},{"content":"A passage titled \"Preventing cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 using \u03b1-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists\" suggests that medications that inhibit catecholamine-related inflammation could potentially prevent cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 and other diseases.","qid":39,"docid":"9408n63a","rank":86,"score":9.892900466918945},{"content":"A retrospective analysis of over 13,000 acute respiratory distress cases and over 108,000 pneumonia cases from various causes found that patients taking alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (alpha-blockers) had a 35-56% reduced risk of requiring ventilation and dying, compared to non-users. These findings suggest that alpha-blockers may prevent hyperinflammation and ac","qid":39,"docid":"44ik4p7v","rank":87,"score":9.864299774169922},{"content":"A retrospective analysis of over 13,000 acute respiratory distress cases and over 108,000 pneumonia cases from various causes found that patients taking alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (alpha-blockers) had a 35-56% reduced risk of requiring ventilation and dying, compared to non-users. These findings suggest that alpha-blockers may prevent hyperinflammation and ac","qid":39,"docid":"metnu19r","rank":88,"score":9.864298820495605},{"content":"The passage discusses the link between severe COVID-19 cases in older adults and those with cardiovascular disorders, attributing their increased risk to progressive atherosclerosis and the role of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in activating \"trained macrophages.\" These macrophages, when encountering SARS-CoV-2, cause unregulated cytokine secretion and alveolar damage. The hypothesis suggests that pioglit","qid":39,"docid":"f3ozq201","rank":89,"score":9.862000465393066},{"content":"The passage discusses the higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness in older adults and those with cardiovascular disorders, attributing their increased susceptibility to progressive atherosclerosis and the role of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in activating \"trained macrophages.\" These macrophages, when encountering SARS-CoV-2, cause unregulated cytokine secretion and alveolar damage. The hypothesis suggests that blocking","qid":39,"docid":"pzex799x","rank":90,"score":9.86199951171875},{"content":"Severe COVID-19 shares clinical and laboratory features with hyperferritinemic syndromes, including macrophage activation syndrome, adult-onset Still's disease, catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome, and septic shock. Both COVID-19 and hyperferritinemic syndromes are characterized by high serum ferritin and life-threatening hyper-inflammation caused by a cytokine storm leading to","qid":39,"docid":"qvpjci4y","rank":91,"score":9.842100143432617},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors as a novel therapeutic tool for COVID-19. The virus, SARS-CoV-2, enters cells using both the ACE2 receptor and the DPP4\/CD26 receptor. DPP4 is expressed on various epithelia and endothelia, including in the respiratory tract, which may","qid":39,"docid":"7ilz0gus","rank":92,"score":9.787199974060059},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential use of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors as a novel therapeutic tool for COVID-19. The virus, SARS-CoV-2, enters cells using both the ACE2 receptor and the DPP4\/CD26 receptor. DPP4 is expressed on various epithelia and endothelia, including in the respiratory tract, which may","qid":39,"docid":"vbfdxoc2","rank":93,"score":9.787199020385742},{"content":"The severe form of COVID-19 shares similarities with five inflammatory conditions known as \"hyperferritinemic syndromes,\" including macrophage activation syndrome, adult-onset Still's disease, catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome, and septic shock. All of these conditions are characterized by high serum ferritin levels and life-threatening hyper-inflammation caused by a cytokine storm that leads","qid":39,"docid":"v7wgb6mr","rank":94,"score":9.779600143432617},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-Cov-2 virus has resulted in over 200,000 deaths. Severe patients experience a cytokine storm due to an overactive immune response. Recent reports indicate increased thrombotic events in these patients, which is reflected in the elevated D-dimer levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The connection between the immune system's extreme response and coagulation's extrem","qid":39,"docid":"343y63e5","rank":95,"score":9.765299797058105},{"content":"A patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia experienced rapid worsening but saw improvement after receiving corticosteroids. The background mentions a UK study in June 2020 that found dexamethasone reduced deaths in severe COVID-19 cases. The discussion suggests corticosteroids could benefit patients with an inflammatory profile due to the potential link between severe COVID-19 pneumonia and cytokine storm syndrome. The key take","qid":39,"docid":"gc8770l9","rank":96,"score":9.745599746704102},{"content":"A worldwide pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 leads to severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), which can be fatal and is characterized by a cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Efforts are being made to control this \"cytokine storm\" and save severely affected patients by blocking the signal transduction pathway of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nicotine, an exogenous","qid":39,"docid":"8o5juhgc","rank":97,"score":9.736599922180176},{"content":"A worldwide pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 leads to severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), which can be fatal and is characterized by a cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Efforts are being made to control this \"cytokine storm\" and save severely affected patients by blocking the signal transduction pathway of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nicotine, an exogenous","qid":39,"docid":"i8y1kwul","rank":98,"score":9.73659896850586},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a global health crisis, and excessive immune responses leading to cytokine release syndrome (CRS) can be life-threatening. CRS involves the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2. Anecdotal evidence suggests that modulating the immune response could help treat COVID-19 patients. Anti-cytokine therapy, including IL","qid":39,"docid":"cv8r9pbl","rank":99,"score":9.709600448608398},{"content":"Severe cases of COVID-19 are causing high mortality rates due to cytokine storms. IL-6 plays a significant role in these storms, and blocking its signal transduction pathway could be an effective treatment. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor blocker, is a promising drug for severe COVID-19 patients as it can effectively block the IL-6 pathway.","qid":39,"docid":"rcl425pz","rank":100,"score":9.697699546813965}]}
{"query":"What are the observed mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome and how often do the mutations occur?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the concern of the increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases and the ineffectiveness of antiviral and antibody treatments. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of assessing the risk of spread and understanding genetic modifications in SARS-CoV-2. Using deep sequencing data from the NCBI repository, hundreds of point mutations or SNPs were identified in SARS-","qid":40,"docid":"j8sg5n5g","rank":1,"score":18.243900299072266},{"content":"The study examines the early mutations of SARS-CoV-2 genome during the COVID-19 pandemic and finds that purifying selection is the dominant mode of evolution, maintaining the ancestral sequence. However, some mutations that occurred in multiple independent lineages may provide a fitness advantage. The study proposes possible reasons for these frequent mutations and suggests that the absence of mutations in other genome regions could indicate essential components of SARS-CoV-2","qid":40,"docid":"ttbur07i","rank":2,"score":17.43549919128418},{"content":"A study of 480 full-length SARS-CoV-2 sequences identified 37 single-nucleotide substitutions occurring in over 1% of the genomes. Majority of the substitutions were C to T or G to A, with hotspots at C\/Gs with an upstream TTT trinucleotide motif. Two substitutions occurred in conserved regions crucial for the virus life cycle.","qid":40,"docid":"miujzgtd","rank":3,"score":17.204999923706055},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenge of estimating the mutation rate and distribution of the SARS-Cov-2 virus using small sample sizes due to limited availability and high cost of genomic samples. The mutational support, or the number of mutated sites across all strains and samples, is significant in understanding the virus's transformational power. However, with only a small number of samples available, it is difficult to estimate the mutational landscape across different age\/gender groups and","qid":40,"docid":"or0rfxuu","rank":4,"score":16.555500030517578},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from an analysis of complete SARS-CoV-2 sequences during the pandemic, revealing a high frequency of C-to-U (C-->U) transitions in the genome. This pattern was also observed in other recently emerged coronaviruses, but less so in older human coronaviruses. The preferential occurrence of C-->U transitions in specific sequence contexts suggests a role for human APOBEC3 proteins in driving these","qid":40,"docid":"14pgap3r","rank":5,"score":16.534799575805664},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from an analysis of complete SARS-CoV-2 sequences during the pandemic, revealing a high frequency of C\u2192U transitions and their implications for the virus's short- and long-term evolution. These transitions accounted for nearly half of the amino acid differences between SARS-CoV-2 variants and occurred preferentially in specific sequence contexts similar to those favored by human APOBEC3 proteins. Elevated","qid":40,"docid":"jw6kh8os","rank":6,"score":16.53479766845703},{"content":"A study examined recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2 to determine if they are associated with increased viral transmission. Using a phylogenetic index, the researchers found no evidence that any of the recurrent mutations in their dataset of over 23,000 genomes are convincingly linked to higher transmissibility. Instead, these mutations appear to be neutral and primarily induced by the human immune system. Therefore, there is currently no evidence","qid":40,"docid":"a51vkiei","rank":7,"score":16.48080062866211},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of comparative genomics to identify protein-coding genes in the SARS-CoV-2 genome and determine their functional implications. The study selected 44 Sarbecovirus genomes for comparison and found strong protein-coding signatures for several hypothetical ORFs, indicating they are likely protein-coding. Some ORFs, such as ORF10 and ORF14, were identified as non-","qid":40,"docid":"pxllq02w","rank":8,"score":16.121299743652344},{"content":"The passage discusses the limitations of current methods used to track the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus using consensus sequences and phylogenomic approaches. The introduction of a new framework called VERSO (Viral Evolution ReconStructiOn) addresses these limitations by accounting for clonal mutations and uncertainty in data, and exploiting intra-host variant frequency profiles to characterize sublineage similarity. The application of VERSO to RNA-sequencing","qid":40,"docid":"ea78sjcs","rank":9,"score":15.945599555969238},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from an analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes, which suggest a relaxed selection and possible cryptic circulation in humans before the outbreak. The sequence similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and a pangolin sequence is attributed to ancient introgression. Two mutations, 84S in orf8 protein and 251V in orf3 protein, occurred coincidentally with human intervention and their impact on","qid":40,"docid":"bawgldfi","rank":10,"score":15.909600257873535},{"content":"This study investigates the genetic diversity and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco using 22 virus genomes reported from three laboratories and compares them to 40,366 genomes from around the world. Moroccan sequences had 62 mutations, with Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L being the most common. Unique mutations included NSP1","qid":40,"docid":"zb1pzdd0","rank":11,"score":15.892200469970703},{"content":"A study was conducted to identify human-adaptation related mutations in 4,894 SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences using phylogenetic and structural analysis. The virus's genetic diversity is low, but it can be divided into five clusters with low genetic distance and bootstrap support values. Eleven high-frequency substitutions were identified, four of which may be under positive selection. These mutations are located on the surface of prote","qid":40,"docid":"5od0tegt","rank":12,"score":15.655699729919434},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from an analysis of 137 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and related coronaviruses. The results suggest that the virus underwent relaxation instead of adaptive evolution, and its sequence similarity to a pangolin sequence is likely due to an ancient introgression. The outbreak is estimated to have started on December 11, 2019, and the effective population size increased significantly before the Wuhan lockdown","qid":40,"docid":"59492sjb","rank":13,"score":15.498100280761719},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings from an analysis of 137 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and related coronaviruses, which revealed signs of relaxation in evolution and an ancient introgression between SARS-CoV-2 and a pangolin sequence. The outbreak is estimated to have started on December 11, 2019, and effective population size increased significantly before plateauing due to social distancing measures. Two mutations,","qid":40,"docid":"vahud6o5","rank":14,"score":15.498099327087402},{"content":"A study analyzed 3,067 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 55 countries during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers identified 782 variant sites, 65.47% of which had non-synonymous effects. Thirty-eight recurrent non-synonymous mutations were found, including ten hotspot mutations in six SARS-CoV-2 genes. The distribution of these","qid":40,"docid":"5mh3ds6y","rank":15,"score":15.454899787902832},{"content":"A study analyzed 4,254 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from the Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data (GISAID). Phylogenetic analysis identified three major clades (S, V, and G) and two subclades (G.1 and G.2). There were 2,129 non-synonymous and 767 synonymous mutations. ORF1a,","qid":40,"docid":"shn7vx3d","rank":16,"score":15.349900245666504},{"content":"A study of 7818 SARS-CoV-2 genome samples collected up to May 1, 2020, revealed that all current COVID-19 diagnostic targets have had mutations. The N gene, which is the most non-conservative gene in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, has had the most devastating mutations on diagnostic targets. These findings explain why a specific diagnostic reagent made in China failed and","qid":40,"docid":"8l7hrany","rank":17,"score":15.340100288391113},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has rapidly mutated since the pandemic began, affecting over 3 million people and leading to over 200,000 reported deaths. Whole genome sequencing data reveals that certain proteins, including the surface glycoprotein, nucleocapsid, ORF1ab, and ORF8, have frequent mutations, while others, such as the envelope, membrane","qid":40,"docid":"86byq11c","rank":18,"score":15.271900177001953},{"content":"A study of 220 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from the GISAID database identified eight novel recurrent mutations in the virus, located at positions 1397, 2891, 14408, 17746, 17857, 18060, 23403, and 28881. Mutations at certain positions are","qid":40,"docid":"16lkzgtq","rank":19,"score":15.216899871826172},{"content":"A study of 220 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from the GISAID database identified eight novel recurrent mutations in the virus, located at positions 1397, 2891, 14408, 17746, 17857, 18060, 23403, and 28881. Mutations at certain positions are","qid":40,"docid":"ow2aijmj","rank":20,"score":15.216898918151855},{"content":"MicroGMT is a new Python package designed to identify and characterize indels and point mutations in microbial genome sequences, including SARS-CoV-2. The software can process raw sequence reads or assembled genomes, and can be used for any microbial genome. It is optimized for SARS-CoV-2 but is also applicable to other microbes. The package is freely available on GitHub at the URL: https:\/\/github.","qid":40,"docid":"ypwo98k7","rank":21,"score":15.172900199890137},{"content":"A study analyzed 7666 publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences to understand the virus's demography and adaptation to humans. The results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 likely jumped into humans at the end of 2019. The genetic diversity of the virus is extensive, with some regions remaining invariant and others accumulating diversity. The study identified 198 recurrent mutations in the SARS-CoV-","qid":40,"docid":"bsypo08l","rank":22,"score":15.1181001663208},{"content":"SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, was identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and has since spread globally. Thousands of whole genome sequences have been analyzed, providing insights into the virus's origin and adaptation to humans. The results show that all sequences share a common ancestor from late 2019, and genetic diversity has emerged extensively in several countries. Recurrent mutations,","qid":40,"docid":"msggi1p2","rank":23,"score":15.118099212646484},{"content":"A study analyzing SARS-CoV-2 and SARS genome sequences revealed that SARS-CoV-2 has a lower mutation rate than SARS. Minimum Evolution phylogeny analysis provided insights into the origin and early spread of SARS-CoV-2. A mutation in the receptor binding domain of a SARS-CoV-2 sample from India was identified, reducing its affinity for the human A","qid":40,"docid":"t8q99tlq","rank":24,"score":15.019000053405762},{"content":"A study analyzed 351 sequences of SARS-CoV-2's genome to map structural variations and identify potential mutations affecting clinical evolution. Two recent mutations were found in the Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6) and Open Reading Frame10 (ORF10) adjacent regions. Amino acidic change stability analysis suggests these mutations could lower protein stability, potentially impacting virus intracellular survival. Further genome","qid":40,"docid":"su5tlg3l","rank":25,"score":15.018500328063965},{"content":"This study investigates the relationship between mutation density changes in SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic stages, focusing on the dominant strains with mutations in the spike and RdRp genes. The analyses at the genome and gene level revealed that time-dependent changes in mutation densities (MDe) of circulating SARS-CoV-2 genomes showed different characteristics before and after April, when daily new case numbers started levelling off.","qid":40,"docid":"fglghjy6","rank":26,"score":14.946100234985352},{"content":"A study analyzed 351 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences to identify structural variations and selective pressure. Two recent mutations were found in the Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6) and Open Reading Frame10 (ORF10) regions, which may reduce protein stability and potentially impact virus intracellular survival. Further genome follow-up is necessary to identify mutations that could significantly alter virus pathogenicity.","qid":40,"docid":"tldg8c94","rank":27,"score":14.946099281311035},{"content":"The passage discusses the largest analysis to date of SARS-CoV-2 intra-host genomic diversity, revealing complex sublineage architecture caused by host-related mutational processes and transmission dynamics. Distinct mutational signatures were identified, with two likely caused by APOBEC and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), leading to hypermutation and severe purifying selection. Other mutations linked to low-rate processes became clonal in the population,","qid":40,"docid":"7se14455","rank":28,"score":14.945599555969238},{"content":"The passage discusses the investigation of SARS-CoV-2 mutations and their impact on the virus and host. The study analyzed miRNA binding to the viral genome from the host's perspective and the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) structure from the virus's perspective. The results showed that acquired mutations led to differences in miRNA binding, with some losing and others gaining affinity for targeting the viral genome. Functional","qid":40,"docid":"6f1y5hhv","rank":29,"score":14.906000137329102},{"content":"A study compared RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from Indian isolates and the \"Wuhan wet sea food market virus\" sequence to identify mutations. Seven mutations were found in Indian isolates, three of which changed the secondary structure of the RdRp protein. Molecular dynamics analysis revealed these mutations altered the stability of the RdRp protein, potentially impacting the effectiveness","qid":40,"docid":"3pribklz","rank":30,"score":14.829700469970703},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic's rapid community sequencing response led to potential systematic errors due to decentralized data collection and various techniques used. Some recurrent mutations have been observed predominantly by single labs, affecting protein coding sequences and phylogenetic inference. Tools were developed to compare and remove problematic mutations, establish a stable clade structure, and facilitate evolutionary inferences. The authors thanked groups for their sequence data contributions and aimed","qid":40,"docid":"aqkpnz0o","rank":31,"score":14.825799942016602},{"content":"The passage discusses a study analyzing the genomic variation of twenty-eight SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated in Morocco from March 3, 2020, to May 15, 2020. The findings revealed 61 mutations in these Moroccan strains compared to the reference sequence Wuhan-Hu-1\/2019, with 23 of these mutations present in two or more","qid":40,"docid":"8871aifz","rank":32,"score":14.670499801635742},{"content":"The passage summarizes a genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from India. The study found that Indian isolates are closely related to isolates from other countries, with most ORFs being highly conserved. However, mutations were identified in some ORFs, with key mutations at the 614th position of the S protein and 84th position of ORF 8, which are associated with high virulence and transmission rate","qid":40,"docid":"2nvk7glh","rank":33,"score":14.638500213623047},{"content":"The passage summarizes a genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from India. The study found that Indian isolates are closely related to isolates from other countries, with most ORFs being highly conserved. However, mutations were identified in some ORFs, with key mutations at the 614th position of the S protein and 84th position of ORF 8, which are associated with high virulence and transmission rate","qid":40,"docid":"bcx51aci","rank":34,"score":14.63849925994873},{"content":"The passage discusses the investigation into unique features in the SARS-CoV-2 genome that contribute to its viral replication, host pathogenicity, and vulnerabilities. Unique sequence signatures were identified in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of betacoronavirus lineage B, which includes SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and various bat and animal coronaviruses. Genome","qid":40,"docid":"gu3a677i","rank":35,"score":14.529199600219727},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19, is continuously mutating, particularly in its spike protein which binds to the ACE2 receptor and is cleaved by TMPRSS2. The impact of these mutations on viral infectivity is unclear. A study found that some naturally occurring mutations can reduce or enhance cell entry via ACE2 and TMPRSS2. The SARS-CoV-","qid":40,"docid":"9m3lc4y8","rank":36,"score":14.460200309753418},{"content":"This study analyzed over 9,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from various regions and revealed that the virus consists of slightly different genetic variants, or \"virotypes,\" which are unevenly distributed around the world. The researchers found that the virus phylogeny is spatially structured, suggesting the possibility of founder effects and local evolution after long-distance dispersal. They discussed how dispersal could lead to the fixation of rare mutations and potential","qid":40,"docid":"3k5lmawz","rank":37,"score":14.378999710083008},{"content":"This study examines the genomic, geographic, and temporal distributions of mutations in SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Using 1,932 viral genomes, six phylogenetic clusters of strains were identified, each with a geographic preference. Mutations, primarily single nucleotide variations (SNVs), were found to impact disease outcomes and vaccine\/treatment efficacy. A positive correlation","qid":40,"docid":"1vhxcbx7","rank":38,"score":14.358799934387207},{"content":"A study was conducted in Eastern India using massively parallel sequencing to identify mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome from infected individuals. Seven isolates were from the A2a clade with specific mutations P323L in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and D614G in Spike glycoprotein. Novel subclones emerged with nonsynonymous mutations, including G1124V in Spike","qid":40,"docid":"02cfyuf4","rank":39,"score":14.342499732971191},{"content":"The passage discusses an analysis of 30,983 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 virus from December 2019 to May 2020, revealing 3,206 variant sites with a uniform distribution across continents. Only 182 mutations (0.6%) had a prevalence greater than 1%, but fourteen hotspot mutations were identified at different locations, including the ORF1ab gene,","qid":40,"docid":"xbn5ov9s","rank":40,"score":14.327400207519531},{"content":"Researchers analyzed 14 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Bangladesh, revealing their European and Middle Eastern lineages. A total of 42 mutations were identified, with most having weak effects on pathogenesis. Some mutations may make the virus less pathogenic. Molecular docking analysis did not show significant interaction between mutations and the human ACE2 receptor. The study offers insights into the origin, mutation spectrum, and possible path","qid":40,"docid":"8ow952d8","rank":41,"score":14.32390022277832},{"content":"Researchers report the engineering and recovery of mutant viruses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) with a defective exoribonuclease (ExoN) in nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14), resulting in a 21-fold increase in mutation frequency during replication in culture. Complete genome sequencing of SARS-ExoN mutant viral clones revealed unique mut","qid":40,"docid":"6n4updwi","rank":42,"score":14.199600219726562},{"content":"A study was conducted in Eastern India using massively parallel sequencing to identify mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome from infected individuals. Seven isolates were from the A2a clade with specific mutations P323L in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and D614G in Spike glycoprotein. Novel subclones emerged with mutations G1124V in Spike, R203","qid":40,"docid":"6dsx7pey","rank":43,"score":14.190400123596191},{"content":"This passage discusses the importance of computational approaches in understanding the structural changes in the SARS-CoV-2 virus, specifically the mutations in the surface glycoprotein that lead to increased binding affinity to human ACE2 receptors. The passage provides a tutorial for biologists on how to visualize DNA sequence features, derive amino acid sequences, and align genomes using computational methods. The report also integrates existing 3D protein models to further","qid":40,"docid":"nuqx3tv6","rank":44,"score":14.187800407409668},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 genome undergoes frequent mutations as it spreads, and whole-genome sequencing data provides opportunities to study mutation dynamics, genome diversity, and their implications on protein stability and viral transmission. Through aligning over 600 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and validating in 10,000 datasets, researchers identified frequently mutated residues in the surface glycoprotein,","qid":40,"docid":"q86nga34","rank":45,"score":14.175000190734863},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, a recently-emerged zoonotic pathogen, has undergone mutations that could impact its RNA structure and interaction with host microRNAs. Analysis of global isolates revealed mutations altering Watson-Crick pairing and secondary structure. Twelve miRNA target sequences in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were identified, eight of which have been lost through conserved mutations. A","qid":40,"docid":"4e3cn50u","rank":46,"score":14.171799659729004},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, with limited mutation rate, can alter viral fitness through changes in RNA secondary structure and interference with host miRNA targeting. Analysis of global isolates revealed mutations affecting Watson-Crick pairing and secondary structure, as well as loss of miRNA target sites. The impact of these mutations on viral evolution, vaccine development, and viral tropism is significant.","qid":40,"docid":"8cex7qi4","rank":47,"score":14.171798706054688},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus, with limited mutation rate, can alter viral fitness through changes in RNA secondary structure and interference with host miRNA targeting. Analysis of global isolates revealed mutations affecting Watson-Crick pairing and secondary structure, as well as loss of miRNA target sites. The impact of these mutations on viral evolution, vaccine development, and viral tropism is significant.","qid":40,"docid":"eri92ki6","rank":48,"score":14.171797752380371},{"content":"The study analyzed mutation patterns in 34 human SARS-CoV-2 isolates and a related bat RaTG13 genome. Over 60% of the 1136 single nucleotide variations were C>U and U>C substitutions, indicating rapid evolution with an increase in hydrophobic amino acids in SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Both viruses exhibited CpG depletion","qid":40,"docid":"k4l759k2","rank":49,"score":14.125},{"content":"The study analyzed mutation patterns in 34 human SARS-CoV-2 isolates and a related bat RaTG13 genome. Over 60% of the 1136 single nucleotide variations were C>U and U>C substitutions, indicating rapid evolution in their hosts. These transitions increased the frequency of codons for hydrophobic amino acids in SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Both","qid":40,"docid":"ox7xetlq","rank":50,"score":14.124999046325684},{"content":"A database of COVID-19 variants, called COVID-19 Variants Database, was established using 8,781 nucleotide fragments and complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from sixty-four countries. The sequences were aligned and variants called using Clustal Omega and a Python script. The database, which includes mutations from 5688 sequences in 91 regions, is available online and offers a user-friendly interface","qid":40,"docid":"r0gr0bhl","rank":51,"score":14.109800338745117},{"content":"The passage discusses a molecular biological analysis of SARS-CoV genotypes and phylogeny. Forty-four SARS-CoV strains were analyzed using genomic data from GenBank. There were 188 point mutations in the full genomes, with the highest mutation rate in ORF10. Based on seven specific mutation loci, the strains were classified into two genotypes, SARS-CoV Y","qid":40,"docid":"3n37dlt4","rank":52,"score":14.06350040435791},{"content":"A study analyzing 2952 SARS-CoV-2 genomes identified 1815 non-synonymous mutations in the S-protein, with six of these mutations located in the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) region. These RBD mutations cluster into distinct phyletic clades, suggesting the emergence of new sublineages of the virus. Structure-guided analysis predicts altered virus-host interactions","qid":40,"docid":"40xsypzt","rank":53,"score":14.041500091552734},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using high-throughput computation to design and identify mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The research suggests that certain mutations can increase the virus's infectivity and pathogenicity. Mapping the mutational landscape identified hot-spot residues with a high tendency for positive selection. Understanding these interactions can guide the development of therapeutic strategies and inform antiv","qid":40,"docid":"l7471mik","rank":54,"score":14.002799987792969},{"content":"The passage discusses the origins of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and possible intermediate hosts based on phylogenetic analysis and mutation studies. The analysis suggests a close relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and bat CoV isolate RaTG13, and identifies pangolins as potential intermediate hosts due to the monophyletic cluster formed by SARS-CoV-2, bat RaTG","qid":40,"docid":"5qn5h7p5","rank":55,"score":13.995100021362305},{"content":"A study of 11 patient-derived SARS-CoV-2 isolates revealed significant variation in cytopathic effects and viral load, with up to 270-fold differences when infecting Vero-E6 cells. These isolates all had at least one mutation, with 6 different mutations identified in the spike glycoprotein, including two SNVs leading to the same missense mutation. The findings provide direct","qid":40,"docid":"3eu9umx5","rank":56,"score":13.970499992370605},{"content":"The passage discusses the mutational dynamics of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using complete genome sequences from human tissues, cultured isolates, and cell passages. The study identified mutations during human-to-Vero, Vero-to-human transmission, and in vitro passages. The in vitro mutation rate was negligible, while the in vivo mutation rate was consistent with other RNA viruses. Ph","qid":40,"docid":"0gmtnkbh","rank":57,"score":13.959600448608398},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings of a study on the origin of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The study used whole genome analysis and phylogenetic tree construction to determine that SARS-CoV-2 is most similar to a bat coronavirus (RaTG13), but also shares crucial regions with pangolin coronaviruses. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is a","qid":40,"docid":"fw4pmaoc","rank":58,"score":13.943400382995605},{"content":"This study analyzed 46 Indian SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from early 2020, assessing evolutionary dynamics and identifying co-evolving mutations in nine structural and non-structural genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the emergence of \"genome-type clusters\" and adaptive selection of \"L\" type strains with genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses. Two groups of mutations were identified: the \"major","qid":40,"docid":"915srotp","rank":59,"score":13.93529987335205},{"content":"Ten patients from Shaoxing, a city outside Hubei province in China, were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 genomes during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Viral genomic analysis was feasible using metagenomics sequencing on nasopharyngeal samples with low Ct values. A cluster of four patients with travel history to Hubei shared the same virus with patients from other countries, indicating rapid global spread. Another cluster","qid":40,"docid":"m9k6upe4","rank":60,"score":13.904600143432617},{"content":"This study analyzes 2301 complete sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from infected patients to understand its high mutation rate and adaptability to local populations. The researchers found that bat-CoV and pangolin-CoV share significant similarity with Wuhan SARS-CoV-2, but there are 12 novel recurrent mutations identified in South American and African viral genomes. The study also investigates the interaction of repur","qid":40,"docid":"d25qfq0f","rank":61,"score":13.870100021362305},{"content":"This study analyzes 2301 complete sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from infected patients to understand its high mutation rate and adaptability to local populations. The researchers found that the genome of Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 shares 85.98% identity with pangolin-CoV and over 96% identity with bat-CoV. They identified 12 novel recurrent mutations in South American and African vir","qid":40,"docid":"qc5bhxgj","rank":62,"score":13.870099067687988},{"content":"The passage discusses the objective of identifying the intermediate host and mechanisms of the interspecies jump of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic analysis of bat coronavirus complete genomes and those obtained from animals in Chinese markets was conducted. The results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to bat CoV isolate RaTG13 and that pangolins may be possible intermediate hosts due to the formation of","qid":40,"docid":"4ze0mfxp","rank":63,"score":13.853500366210938},{"content":"The passage discusses the use of ligands that bind to the pseudoknot of SARS-CoV-2, which stimulates programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF), as potential therapeutics against COVID-19. The study examines the effects of natural mutations in the pseudoknot on PRF efficiency and the activity of inhibitors. Most mutations had no significant effect on PRF efficiency or inhibitor activity, but one mutation led","qid":40,"docid":"iinpkixn","rank":64,"score":13.819999694824219},{"content":"A comparative genomic analysis was conducted on SARS-CoV-2 and Bat-SARSr-CoV RaTG13 to understand the evolution mechanism of SARS-CoV-2's genome. Among the 98 nucleotide mutations, 58 caused amino acid changes due to neutral evolution. However, the ratio of nucleotide substitutions to amino acid substitutions in the spike gene was significantly","qid":40,"docid":"3h1o0oz3","rank":65,"score":13.804699897766113},{"content":"This study sequenced and analyzed the genomic information of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from two Indian patients to explore the implications of point mutations. The findings revealed multiple point mutations and a remarkable similarity between a 36-nucleotide deletion in ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2, which is also seen in an earlier reported 29-nucleotide deletion in SARS. These results could","qid":40,"docid":"fujejfwb","rank":66,"score":13.796099662780762},{"content":"The passage reports on the first identified SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Venezuela and provides a snapshot of the epidemiologic landscape in the Colombian-Venezuelan border region. Three Venezuelan genomes were sequenced and analyzed, revealing they belonged to the B1 and B.1.13 lineages with the D614G mutation, associated with increased infectivity, and an additional three mutations in the N gene of one genome","qid":40,"docid":"umoowoa2","rank":67,"score":13.793299674987793},{"content":"A follow-up study was conducted on eight SARS patients two years after their recovery to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV, retrovirus, and poliovirus in their bodies and their relationship with SARS. Nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, urine, and fecal specimens were collected and analyzed using reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All specimens","qid":40,"docid":"trw1erpj","rank":68,"score":13.748200416564941},{"content":"A study analyzing 3090 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the GenBank database revealed that the structural proteins, including envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) glycoprotein, have undergone purifying selection during human-to-human transmission. However, strong positive selection pressure was identified at codon 614 of the S glycoprotein, resulting","qid":40,"docid":"jj0n81s9","rank":69,"score":13.72089958190918},{"content":"A study was conducted to analyze the genomic structure and variations of SARS-CoV-2 using 95 complete genome sequences from December 2019 to April 5, 2020. The results showed a strong association between the time of sample collection, location, and genetic diversity. A total of 116 mutations were identified, with the three most common being in the ORF1ab, ORF8, and N genes. These","qid":40,"docid":"mp3196kj","rank":70,"score":13.693699836730957},{"content":"A study was conducted to analyze the genomic structure and variations of SARS-CoV-2 using 95 complete genome sequences from December 2019 to April 5, 2020. The analysis revealed a strong association between the time of sample collection, location, and genetic diversity. A total of 116 mutations were identified, with the three most common being in the ORF1ab, ORF8, and N genes. These","qid":40,"docid":"vjfquvlu","rank":71,"score":13.69369888305664},{"content":"The study explores the effects of mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein on protein expression and affinity for the ACE2 receptor. Most mutations negatively impact RBD expression and ACE2 binding, but some are tolerated or even enhance ACE2 binding. These findings suggest potential targets for vaccine development and therapeutics. However, ACE2-binding enhancing","qid":40,"docid":"4xaounho","rank":72,"score":13.676400184631348},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of mutations in the fusion core of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's heptad repeat 1 (HR1), specifically the D936Y mutation. This mutation was found to be widespread in Sweden and Wales\/England and was linked to a loss of a stabilizing interaction, the D936-R1185 salt bridge, weakening the post-fusion assembly of the","qid":40,"docid":"iihgc5nr","rank":73,"score":13.629199981689453},{"content":"A mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV (MA15) was developed to understand the genetic contributions to its increased virulence in young and aged mice. Mutations in the viral spike (S) glycoprotein and nsp9 nonstructural protein were found to be primarily associated with the acquisition of virulence in young animals, likely increasing recognition of the mouse angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (","qid":40,"docid":"pljeao4b","rank":74,"score":13.627799987792969},{"content":"A study of 985 complete SARS-CoV-2 sequences revealed a high rate of C->U transitions, accounting for nearly half of the nucleotide differences and amino acid changes between variants. This trend was also observed in other recently emerged coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and to a lesser extent in other human coronaviruses. The preferential occurrence of C->U transitions in specific","qid":40,"docid":"rcv8sh22","rank":75,"score":13.62339973449707},{"content":"A study using genome-wide association analysis identified two SNPs (1059.C>T and 25563.G>T) in approximately half of the North America SARS-CoV-2 population, resulting in missense mutations in ORF1ab and ORF3a. These SNPs exclusively occurred in North America clade 1 and accumulated in mid to late March, 2020. They were not found in","qid":40,"docid":"q38epuxa","rank":76,"score":13.590299606323242},{"content":"A study comparing SARS-CoV2 genomes from various locations to those of other coronaviruses identified unique features in SARS-CoV2, including a mutation in the Indian strain's spike surface glycoprotein (A930V) and potential control of viral pathogenesis by nine host miRNAs, none of which have targets in SARS or MERS genomes. The Indian SARS-CoV","qid":40,"docid":"tjmx6msm","rank":77,"score":13.589900016784668},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 pandemic, has a similar genome to SARS-CoV. The main protease (Mpro) or 3CLpro is a key enzyme in CoVs, playing a role in polyprotein processing and active in a dimeric form. Mpro is highly conserved among CoVs, and a mutation in Mpro is often lethal. Drugs","qid":40,"docid":"8bzu2gn0","rank":78,"score":13.533900260925293},{"content":"The passage discusses the findings of a genomic analysis of the earliest SARS-CoV-2 cases in Mexico. The study identified 17 viral sequences from the earliest sampled cases, which were distributed within two known lineages, A\/G (mainly from North America) and B\/S (mainly from Europe). Fourteen independent introduction events were characterized, with evidence of local transmission in Mexico as early as mid-March 2020. A","qid":40,"docid":"1yf5y06o","rank":79,"score":13.530200004577637},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of a genomic analysis of the earliest SARS-CoV-2 cases in Mexico. The study identified 17 viral sequences that belonged to two known lineages, A\/G from North America and Europe, and B\/S from Europe. The researchers found evidence for 14 independent introduction events, with two local transmission cases occurring in Mexico in mid-March 2020. One of these local transmission cases had the H4","qid":40,"docid":"i29eufyo","rank":80,"score":13.53019905090332},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using population genetics analysis to understand the recent evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The analysis identified mutation rates, potential recombination events, and regions under positive selection. Recombination events were found to have occurred with coronaviruses from pangolins, bats, hedgehogs, and sparrows. Although human recombination events cannot be directly assessed, the study","qid":40,"docid":"1fxrmuzl","rank":81,"score":13.528499603271484},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, over 250 mutations have been identified in the ORF1 region of the virus. Most of these mutations are C to U transitions, which are more common in synonymous sites than nonsynonymous ones, indicating negative selection on amino acid substitutions. A strong bias towards uracil residues in fourfold degenerated sites is observed in ORF1 of all coronavir","qid":40,"docid":"ug8xh52p","rank":82,"score":13.525300025939941},{"content":"Researchers analyzed 566 Indian SARS-CoV-2 genomes and identified 3,384 unique mutation points, including 933 substitutions, 2,449 deletions, and 2 insertions. The mutations were classified into three groups: 100 clusters of mutations, 1,609 point mutations, and 64 SNPs. The findings were visualized using BioCircos,","qid":40,"docid":"lt0uo7q3","rank":83,"score":13.505599975585938},{"content":"This study investigates the genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing over 7,000 datasets. Three major observations were made: first, the mutational profile of SARS-CoV-2 shows similarities in iSNVs and SNPs with high variability in C>T changes. Second, iSNVs and SNPs in SARS-CoV-2 are more similar to MERS-CoV than S","qid":40,"docid":"2nijfrn5","rank":84,"score":13.496999740600586},{"content":"The passage introduces a web application called coronapp, designed to process user-submitted SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences and detect protein-changing mutations. The tool provides real-time information on global and user-selected country mutations, enabling users to prioritize and monitor frequent mutations in specific protein regions over time. The application is accessible at http:\/\/giorgilab.dyndns.org\/coronapp\/ and the source code is freely","qid":40,"docid":"pfhfmck1","rank":85,"score":13.4621000289917},{"content":"The passage discusses the mechanisms of how the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) from palm civets evolved to bind and infect human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) by gaining affinity for this receptor through various mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). The study elucidated the molecular and structural mechanisms of these mutations, which either strengthen favorable interactions or reduce","qid":40,"docid":"c4q5gtw2","rank":86,"score":13.39490032196045},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of genotyping SARS-CoV-2 viruses to understand their evolution and transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method presented uses multiple sequence alignments and SNP genotyping to track the relationship of virus isolates. The analysis reveals that specific multiple mutations are prevalent and that genes encoding the S proteins, RNA polymerase, RNA primase, and nucleoprotein undergo frequent mutations","qid":40,"docid":"ulygq434","rank":87,"score":13.38479995727539},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of mutations in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of SARS-CoV-2 on the virus's mutation rate and spread. The study focused on the commonly observed 14408C>T and 15324C>T mutations in the M and E genes, minimizing the effects of selective pressure. The findings suggest that the 144","qid":40,"docid":"i09lh5i6","rank":88,"score":13.360600471496582},{"content":"A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 pandemic, has a similar genome to SARS-CoV. The main protease (M(pro)) or 3CL(pro) is a key enzyme in CoVs, playing a role in polyprotein processing and active in a dimeric form. It is highly conserved among CoVs, and a mutation in M(pro) is often le","qid":40,"docid":"q044i7ym","rank":89,"score":13.353099822998047},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of genotyping SARS-CoV-2 viruses to understand their evolution and transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study presents an accurate method for genotyping SARS-CoV-2 using complete genomes and multiple sequence alignments. The method identifies single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and measures their relationships using Jaccard distances. The genotyping analysis reveals","qid":40,"docid":"jujrazsr","rank":90,"score":13.324999809265137},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of genotyping SARS-CoV-2 viruses to understand their evolution and transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study presents an accurate method for genotyping SARS-CoV-2 using complete genomes and multiple sequence alignments. The method identifies single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and measures their relationships using Jaccard distances. The genotyping analysis reveals","qid":40,"docid":"leyqhma0","rank":91,"score":13.32499885559082},{"content":"A study analyzed the mono- and dinucleotide compositions of over 10,000 SARS-CoV-2 and over 1500 Zaire ebolavirus genomes, identifying monthly time-series changes reflecting viral adaptations for human cell growth. The researchers also developed a sequence alignment-free method to search for and rank advantageous mutations based on intrapopulation frequency. Seven distinctive mutations were identified through time-","qid":40,"docid":"0d9hzmyk","rank":92,"score":13.298299789428711},{"content":"A study identified a C-to-T transition at position 26340 of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, which is associated with failure of the cobas(R) SARS-CoV-2 E-gene assay. This mutation was detected in four healthcare workers with genetically identical viruses. The mutation has arisen independently on three occasions, and the authors emphasize the importance of monitoring SARS-Co","qid":40,"docid":"vd62r8qu","rank":93,"score":13.285599708557129},{"content":"A study conducted at Cedars Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles used targeted next-generation sequencing to analyze SARS-CoV-2 genome isolates from 192 patients with confirmed infections. The highest frequency variants were identified in the 5'UTR, AA193 protein, RdRp, and spike glycoprotein. Two predominant community spread clusters were identified, with significant viral genomic diversity found","qid":40,"docid":"h3ftgzqz","rank":94,"score":13.280599594116211},{"content":"This passage summarizes a study on the earliest SARS-CoV-2 strains in Mexico, which identified 17 viral sequences from the first sampled cases. The sequences were distributed in two lineages, A\/G (mainly from North America) and B\/S (mainly from Europe. The study revealed 14 independent introduction events, with two local transmission cases in Mexico in mid-March 2020. A mutation, H4","qid":40,"docid":"le0ftbps","rank":95,"score":13.242400169372559},{"content":"A study analyzing SARS-CoV-2 genomes from around the world using the multifractal approach revealed high mutation rates in six specific genes, with the orf1ab gene having the highest mutations. The isolates were found to be highly asymmetric and exhibited heterogeneous genome structure self-organization. Multiple-isolates host-virus interaction models were presented, and the Price equation was derived, showing asymptotic stability through bif","qid":40,"docid":"s0coelac","rank":96,"score":13.236000061035156},{"content":"A study evaluated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variability on the sensitivity of five PCR assay panels. Of the 11,627 genomes analyzed, 34.38% had single mutations affecting annealing. High-risk variations were found in 25.94% of the genomes, while 8.43% had low-frequency single mutations with no predicted impact on sensitivity. The Q","qid":40,"docid":"ydfe06ua","rank":97,"score":13.218000411987305},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of large-scale genomic sequencing in addressing infectious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and influenza. While large amounts of data are being generated, the ability to derive meaningful information from these datasets lags behind. The passage focuses on the computational challenges of comparative genomic analyses, specifically sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. SARS and influenza, both R","qid":40,"docid":"cndb031c","rank":98,"score":13.187600135803223},{"content":"A study developed a program called BioAider for analyzing genomic variations and identifying substitution hotspots in SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Using BioAider, 14 hotspots were detected, including a crucial one in NSP13 that may impact its unwinding activity. Three groups of potentially linked hotspots were also identified. Notably, an SR-rich region in the N protein was discovered, distinct from SARS-CoV,","qid":40,"docid":"hib30ct6","rank":99,"score":13.169699668884277},{"content":"This paper examines genomic mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and their potential impact on protein secondary structure and solvent accessibility using deep learning models. The D614G mutation in the spike protein is unlikely to cause significant changes. The study creates a dataset of point mutations from 6,324 viral genomes for further investigation into the virus's evolution and spread. The genes E, M, ORF6, ORF7","qid":40,"docid":"o9oxchq6","rank":100,"score":13.110199928283691}]}
{"query":"What are the impacts of COVID-19 among African-Americans that differ from the rest of the U.S. population?","hits":[{"content":"The study aimed to understand the relationship between the density of African American communities and COVID-19 prevalence and death rate in the three most populous counties in each US state and territory. Using linear regression, the study found a direct association between African American density and COVID-19 prevalence, with a 5% increase in county AA density leading to a 1% increase in COVID-19 prevalence (p<.01). Additionally, there was an association between","qid":41,"docid":"80w0wu9e","rank":1,"score":16.93869972229004},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between racial segregation, testing sites access, and COVID-19 incidence rate in Massachusetts. The findings indicate that residential segregation of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black\/African Americans is positively associated with COVID-19 incidence rate. Shorter drive times to testing sites are negatively associated with incidence rate. Poverty rate, road density, and overcrowding are significant explanatory variables for COVID-19 incidence","qid":41,"docid":"gxjsv896","rank":2,"score":15.091699600219727},{"content":"A study using the COVID-19 Surveillance and Outcomes Registry (CURATOR) in the Greater Houston area found that African Americans and Hispanics had a higher likelihood of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection than whites and non-Hispanics, even after adjusting for age, sex, income, population density, and comorbidities. The study used logistic regression and structural equation modeling to explore potential mediating factors, finding that","qid":41,"docid":"guvkeog0","rank":3,"score":14.458399772644043},{"content":"The study analyzed data from the U.S. RFA Registry, which includes patients treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for Barrett's esophagus (BE). Women were younger, had shorter BE segments, and less dysplasia than men. Women were also more likely to experience strictures. African Americans and Asians had less dysplasia and were more likely to be female. Asians and African Americans had higher stricture rates than whites. There were","qid":41,"docid":"3rhm9lb9","rank":4,"score":14.432100296020508},{"content":"A study of 10,368 U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic found that nearly 15% were at high risk for suicidality based on the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). This risk was higher for certain groups including Blacks, Native Americans, Hispanics, families with children, unmarried individuals, and younger respondents. Risk factors such as food insecurity, physical symptoms","qid":41,"docid":"jx8eb28j","rank":5,"score":13.599900245666504},{"content":"A study of 10,368 U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic found that nearly 15% were at high risk for suicidality based on the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). This risk was higher for certain groups including Blacks, Native Americans, Hispanics, families with children, unmarried individuals, and younger respondents. Risk factors such as food insecurity, physical symptoms","qid":41,"docid":"m00xtpmx","rank":6,"score":13.599899291992188},{"content":"African Americans and Latinos disproportionately affected by COVID-19 cases and deaths in the US and hard-hit areas. Past lessons and strategies suggested to reduce disparities.","qid":41,"docid":"fsid4a39","rank":7,"score":13.40149974822998},{"content":"The study investigates the association between state-imposed stay-at-home orders, African American population, state poverty, and COVID-19 infection rates using state-level data from March 1st to May 4th, 2020. The results indicate that stay-at-home orders were associated with decreases in both cumulative and daily infection rates, with predicted infection rates being three times higher and about 60% higher without the orders. A larger African","qid":41,"docid":"csujgaae","rank":8,"score":13.258299827575684},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed significant health disparities among African Americans, with poorer outcomes rooted in historical structural inequities. This article explores the historical context of these inequities and their impact on the progression of COVID-19 in the African American community, suggesting a multifaceted approach to addressing these healthcare disparities. Throughout the text, African Americans are referred to consistently.","qid":41,"docid":"bgpep5lc","rank":9,"score":13.189800262451172},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects African Americans in terms of morbidity and mortality. To understand if gene expression of COVID-19 related genes differs between African Americans and European Americans, researchers analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) RNA-Seq data. They found multiple genes involved in infection, inflammation, and immunity are differentially regulated. Notably, F8","qid":41,"docid":"miayce9l","rank":10,"score":13.096699714660645},{"content":"A mathematical modeling study evaluated strategies to reduce the burden of COVID-19 in African countries, considering demographic, epidemiological, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered model, the study predicted median clinical attack rates of 17%-39% in three African countries, with peak cases at 2-4 months if epidemics were unmitigated. Self-isolation of","qid":41,"docid":"xtpa84h2","rank":11,"score":13.066100120544434},{"content":"This study investigates the relationship between obesity and socioeconomic position (SEP), sex, and ethnicity among African-American and Caribbean-Black men and women using data from the National Survey of American Life. The analysis reveals that family income is positively associated with obesity in both ethnicities for men, while Caribbean-Black men and women receiving public assistance are more likely to be obese. Inverse relationships exist between obesity and education, occupation, and family","qid":41,"docid":"1xrq8cg9","rank":12,"score":12.791600227355957},{"content":"A study examines state-level data on race, population density, age, obesity rates, insurance data, GDP, per capita healthcare resources, median household income, and high-school graduation rates to assess differences in COVID-19 mortality rates. The findings indicate a higher death rate among states with a greater proportion of African-American residents, even after adjusting for case rates and other state-level factors. This is the first study to examine state-level data","qid":41,"docid":"rxgnrrx8","rank":13,"score":12.726099967956543},{"content":"A national survey conducted from March 29 to April 13, 2020, found significant differences in COVID-19-related knowledge, behaviors, and reported incidence among US adults based on race\/ethnicity, sex, and age. African American participants, men, and younger adults showed less knowledge and were more likely to report being infected or knowing someone infected. Knowledge of potential fomite spread and COVID-19 symptoms was also lower among these groups","qid":41,"docid":"0iy8stse","rank":14,"score":12.471699714660645},{"content":"A national survey study conducted from March 29 to April 13, 2020, measured differences in COVID-19-related knowledge, beliefs, and behavior among US adults. The largest disparities were observed in race\/ethnicity, sex, and age. African American participants, men, and younger adults showed less knowledge and were more likely to report being infected or knowing someone infected. Knowledge of potential fomite spread and symptoms was also lower in these groups","qid":41,"docid":"zz299uk5","rank":15,"score":12.471698760986328},{"content":"The passage explores the relationship between obesity rates and COVID-19 mortality among different ethnic groups in New York City. The study found that The Bronx and Brooklyn, which have the highest obesity rates (32% and 27% respectively), also have the highest COVID-19 mortality rates (6% and 5.4%). Hispanics and African Americans, who have the highest obesity rates (22.8% and ","qid":41,"docid":"fvkr77sf","rank":16,"score":12.447999954223633},{"content":"This study examines the relationship between county- and state-level characteristics and the initial phases of the COVID-19 outbreak in the U.S. Using a statistical exponential growth model and a multilevel linear model, the researchers found that collectivism, racial and ethnic composition, median age, income, education, personal health, obesity, smoking, and air pollution all influence the outbreak rate. Collectivism and certain demographic factors were positively associated with the outbreak,","qid":41,"docid":"ctg6waey","rank":17,"score":12.415900230407715},{"content":"The passage discusses the Covid-19 pandemic and compares the situation in Africa to that of other continents. Despite the world's history of pandemics, the advent of vaccines, and the ongoing nature of outbreaks, the Covid-19 pandemic with over 3 million confirmed cases was not unexpected. This article aims to summarize the missed opportunities and lessons learned from the pandemic, focusing on the comparative resilience of the African ecosystem. The study examines diagnosed","qid":41,"docid":"rozpps6v","rank":18,"score":12.34529972076416},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to varying severity of symptoms from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and thromboembolism with mortality. Risk factors for adverse outcomes could help in personalized care for vulnerable populations. Preliminary data suggests higher mortality rates among African Americans, who have a high carrier frequency for sickle cell disease (SCD). This mini-review discusses potential risks of COVID-19 pneumonia for sickle cell trait and","qid":41,"docid":"ubkl52d0","rank":19,"score":12.338500022888184},{"content":"This study reports on the associations between COVID-19 infection and mortality rates, and demographic, socioeconomic, and mobility variables in the United States. The analysis of 369 counties in seven most affected states revealed that counties with more diverse demographics, higher population, education, income levels, and lower disability rates were at a higher risk of infection. Conversely, counties with higher disability and poverty rates had a higher death rate. African Americans were","qid":41,"docid":"alrf67ep","rank":20,"score":12.328100204467773},{"content":"A study in Detroit found that obesity is a significant risk factor for increased mortality among African Americans infected with COVID-19. Of the 1930 COVID-19 deaths among African Americans in the city, 733 were attributable to obesity alone, without comorbidities. Thirty-eight percent of reported COVID-19 cases among African Americans were obese, and their mortality rate was 11.9%.","qid":41,"docid":"753klfdp","rank":21,"score":12.307999610900879},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using a predictive model to account for 94.8% of the spatial-temporal variation in total Covid-19 infections and 99.3% in related fatalities in the US. Factors including population density, poverty index, civilian population, minorities, social distancing, and testing data were considered. Counties with higher population density, poverty index, civilian population, and minorities, especially African Americans, had more","qid":41,"docid":"6wqxcshu","rank":22,"score":12.268500328063965},{"content":"The passage discusses the overrepresentation of African Americans in COVID-19 cases and deaths, and suggests that implicit biases in healthcare may contribute to this disparity. The author advocates for a health equity approach and the explicit disaggregation of data to address potential biased treatment in the healthcare system.","qid":41,"docid":"1lw5vbu9","rank":23,"score":12.239299774169922},{"content":"The passage discusses the low impact of COVID-19 on pediatric populations, with children accounting for only 1.7% of positive cases in the US and experiencing a milder disease course. However, there is limited information on risk factors for COVID-19 in children, and recent evidence suggests higher rates and fatality rates in African American adult communities. No definitive data exists on whether any race or ethnicity group is at higher risk for COVID-19 infection in children","qid":41,"docid":"b5lrwe3i","rank":24,"score":12.208700180053711},{"content":"The passage discusses the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on African Americans in four southern states in the US. Pre-existing health disparities and challenges with social distancing in the African American community have contributed to high COVID-19 mortality rates. The study found that on average, 54% of COVID-19 related deaths in these states were in the African American community, despite comprising only 32% of the population. All four states received","qid":41,"docid":"8yvu9xhw","rank":25,"score":12.172699928283691},{"content":"The study used spatial modeling to analyze COVID-19 positive testing results in New York City ZIP Code Tabulation Areas. Spatial clustering accounted for 32% of the variation in the data, with hot spots in all five boroughs. The strongest univariate associations with positive testing rates were the proportion of residents with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and being Black or African American. For every one unit increase in","qid":41,"docid":"crqvdk4k","rank":26,"score":11.853899955749512},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of thrombotic risk in ethnic disparities in mortality from COVID-19, specifically for Black people in the UK and USA. Excess mortality from COVID-19 for Black people persists even after adjusting for factors such as deprivation, BMI, smoking, comorbidities, region, and socioeconomic status. Studies suggest a common increase in thrombotic risk among diverse Black populations, which may contribute","qid":41,"docid":"ol2c7f3x","rank":27,"score":11.744600296020508},{"content":"Essential workers are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection than the general population, and their interactions with each other and with non-essential workers can impact disease spread and the effectiveness of pandemic control measures. Three models of essential worker interactions - cashiers, factory employees, and healthcare workers - found that increasing the numbers of essential workers requires stricter interaction controls for the rest of the population to manage the pandemic. However, the specific risks and impacts vary among essential worker groups, emphasizing","qid":41,"docid":"9q0b0nio","rank":28,"score":11.706100463867188},{"content":"The passage discusses the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Black Americans and the potential role of reparations in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The authors compared the COVID-19 Rt curves of South Korea and Louisiana, estimating that increased equity in transmission could reduce R0 by 31-68%. They suggest that reparations for Black American descendants of enslaved persons could lead to health benefits beyond moral and historical","qid":41,"docid":"y60yra4r","rank":29,"score":11.630000114440918},{"content":"The passage discusses health inequalities in sleep behaviors and disorders among African-American and Hispanic-American populations, which are linked to sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and biology. These populations are admixed, meaning their genetic inheritance comes from different continents. Genetic ancestry measures can help identify environmental and genetic factors contributing to sleep health inequalities in admixed populations, allowing for a better understanding of the biological basis of these disparities.","qid":41,"docid":"7rc6d2gf","rank":30,"score":11.604100227355957},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential lower COVID-19 mortality rates in Africa due to its younger population. Using standardized mortality ratios (SMR), the study found that the death rates in Africa would be a quarter of those in Europe and Northern America, and half of those in Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The study emphasizes the importance of public health measures to reduce cases and deaths, and highlights the age structure difference between African and European populations in relation to the pandemic","qid":41,"docid":"vzmn6zep","rank":31,"score":11.542499542236328},{"content":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus has disproportionately affected African Americans in the US, with higher infection and mortality rates. Socioeconomic factors contribute to higher infection rates, but the reason for higher mortality is unclear. African Americans are less likely to use high-quality healthcare facilities and primary care providers due to access barriers and implicit biases from physicians. Regardless of insurance status, African Americans are often directed to lower quality treatment plans and face implicit","qid":41,"docid":"7k4reog4","rank":32,"score":11.398200035095215},{"content":"A prospective cohort study of 40 multiple sclerosis patients with COVID-19 found that those with more severe courses were older, more likely to have progressive staging, and had a higher degree of disability. However, disease-modifying therapy use did not differ among courses.","qid":41,"docid":"y69w57wq","rank":33,"score":11.353899955749512},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant social and psychological consequences on African-American communities in the US, with Michigan serving as an example. African-Americans are disproportionately affected by the disease but are less likely to seek mental health treatment. The pandemic has brought about concerns over contracting the disease, fears of racial bias in testing and treatment, experiences of sustained grief and loss, and retraumatization of already-traumatized communities. Efforts to mit","qid":41,"docid":"423uero3","rank":34,"score":11.301600456237793},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant social and psychological consequences on African-American communities in the US, with Michigan serving as an example. African-Americans are disproportionately affected by the disease but are less engaged in mental health treatment than other racial groups. Concerns about contracting the disease, fears of racial bias in testing and treatment, experiences of sustained grief and loss, and retraumatization of already-traumatized communities are among the issues","qid":41,"docid":"zdmoifko","rank":35,"score":11.301599502563477},{"content":"A predictive control approach is used to optimize lockdown strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19 in South Africa. An epidemiological model and a hybrid controller are used to manage lockdowns under different policy scenarios, including flattening the curve, balancing lives and livelihoods, and considering the population's compliance with lockdown measures. The South African case is significant as the number of COVID-19 cases is still increasing while the government is reducing lockdown","qid":41,"docid":"8wpccy2y","rank":36,"score":11.27929973602295},{"content":"The passage discusses the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on African Americans in the United States, despite the focus on high-risk groups such as the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. The author notes that while epidemiologic analysis takes time, current data indicates disparities between African American and Caucasian populations in COVID-19 infection and mortality. The author emphasizes the importance of protecting all vulnerable members of society, including ethnic minorities,","qid":41,"docid":"wwucpqin","rank":37,"score":11.276900291442871},{"content":"The U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been described as muddled and confused, despite the country leading the world in cases three months after the outbreak was identified. This essay analyzes the reasons for the slow and uncoordinated action using a policy regime perspective. The response has been hindered by insufficient political commitment and unclear goals, dysfunctional institutional dynamics, and inertia from partisan and economic interests. These issues have eroded the U.","qid":41,"docid":"50njcfe6","rank":38,"score":11.274299621582031},{"content":"The passage discusses the low adoption rate of e-grocery shopping in the US, with only 16% of adults having ordered groceries online and most doing so less than twice a month. The authors examine changes in online shopping deliveries using data from the 2009 and 2017 National Household Travel Surveys, finding increased diversity in households using online shopping but persistent income, education, and racial\/ethnic differences. The 20","qid":41,"docid":"mrace6ux","rank":39,"score":11.215999603271484},{"content":"The passage introduces a method using pseudo-likelihood based logistic regression to estimate COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates for population subgroups across combinations of demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, and race, based on aggregated COVID-19 data and population-level demographic survey data. The analysis of California COVID-19 data reveals higher infection and case fatality rates for males across age and race\/ethnicity groups, with the gender gap wid","qid":41,"docid":"4cz3nc4b","rank":40,"score":11.172300338745117},{"content":"In this retrospective study, nearly half of patients with COVID-19 in an underserved area had acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with AKI had lower baseline eGFR, higher FiO2 requirement, and higher D-dimer levels. Those with hospital-acquired AKI had higher rates of in-hospital death, need for vasopressors, and intubation. A history of heart failure was associated with AK","qid":41,"docid":"17kk4w0m","rank":41,"score":11.13949966430664},{"content":"In this retrospective study, nearly half of patients with COVID-19 in an underserved area had acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with AKI had lower baseline eGFR, higher FiO2 requirement, and higher D-dimer levels. Those with hospital-acquired AKI had higher rates of in-hospital death, need for vasopressors, and intubation. A history of heart failure was associated with AK","qid":41,"docid":"yb6to2ro","rank":42,"score":11.139498710632324},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine patient characteristics associated with racial\/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes at University of Michigan Medicine from March 10, 2020 to April 22, 2020. Among 5,698 tested patients, Black\/African-Americans (NHAA) were overrepresented in hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and mortality. After adjusting","qid":41,"docid":"zxb8zfep","rank":43,"score":11.13599967956543},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the deep-rooted inequities in the US, leading to significant losses and suffering among diverse populations. This crisis presented an opportunity to collaborate with community organizations and address pressing issues, such as mass incarceration and its disproportionate impact on African American and Latinx communities in overcrowded and unsafe jails, prisons, and detention centers. Using Kingdon's policy-making process model, this passage describes how a","qid":41,"docid":"fe1v252b","rank":44,"score":11.074600219726562},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the deep-rooted inequities in the US, leading to significant losses and suffering among diverse populations. This crisis presented an opportunity to collaborate with community organizations and address pressing issues, such as mass incarceration and its disproportionate impact on African American and Latinx communities in overcrowded and unsafe jails, prisons, and detention centers. Using Kingdon's policy-making process model, this passage describes how a","qid":41,"docid":"oo3u783z","rank":45,"score":11.074599266052246},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to identify subgroups of asthma patients at risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes based on differences in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression in sputum cells. The study found that male sex, African American race, and history of diabetes mellitus were associated with higher expression of these genes in asthma patients. In contrast, inhaled corticosteroid use was linked to lower expression of ACE2","qid":41,"docid":"8re6k952","rank":46,"score":11.006400108337402},{"content":"In 2001, heart disease accounted for nearly 30% of U.S. deaths, with 17% of those occurring among individuals under 65. Mortality rates from heart disease have decreased but disparities exist among different population groups. The CDC analyzed death certificate data from 2001 to understand these disparities and found higher proportions of premature heart disease deaths among blacks, American Indians\/Alaska Natives, Asians\/","qid":41,"docid":"03q86e1d","rank":47,"score":11.001899719238281},{"content":"The passage discusses the disproportionate impact of hypertension on African Americans, who have a higher burden of associated comorbidities like diabetes and heart failure. The causes of hypertension in this population are primarily environmental and lifestyle factors, including poor diet, adverse lifestyle, and social determinants. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions can be used to manage hypertension, with research ongoing into the effectiveness of renal denervation, sodium-gl","qid":41,"docid":"cn2j9ih4","rank":48,"score":10.954000473022461},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected different parts of the world with varying responses and preparedness levels. Africa's late arrival to the virus allows for learning from successful methods in early-hit countries like Singapore. This article suggests adapting Singapore's pandemic response model for Africa, considering regional differences and unique challenges. The lessons learned from the pandemic will be crucial for future health crises and planetary health issues.","qid":41,"docid":"2y4sjdtm","rank":49,"score":10.945300102233887},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects African Americans, creating an infection gap that is not fully explained by other risk factors. A new concept, dynamic segregation, is proposed as an explanation. This refers to the extent of internal clustering or exposure of a group to others based on mobility and commuting habits. An analysis of census and mobility data in 120 major US cities found that dynamic segregation of African American communities is significantly associated with higher COVID-1","qid":41,"docid":"3lkahro8","rank":50,"score":10.928799629211426},{"content":"The passage discusses a study aiming to identify subgroups of asthma patients at risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes based on differences in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression in sputum cells. The study found that ACE2 gene expression was lower than TMPRSS2, and both genes had similar expression levels in asthma and healthy individuals. Factors like male sex, African American race, and history of diabetes mellitus were","qid":41,"docid":"x7lw525m","rank":51,"score":10.85949993133545},{"content":"This study examines the impact of ACE2 coding variants on SARS-CoV-2 binding affinity in different populations. The findings reveal that the ACE2-K26R variant, more common in Ashkenazi Jews, decreases electrostatic attraction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2. In contrast, ACE2-I468V, R219C, K341R, D206","qid":41,"docid":"qp3ianzf","rank":52,"score":10.856900215148926},{"content":"A study of 5,198 US respondents from March 29 to April 13, 2020, found significant differences in COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors based on race\/ethnicity, gender, and age. African-Americans, men, and younger people were less knowledgeable about disease spread and symptoms, washed their hands less frequently, and left home more often. Differences based on income, political orientation, and living","qid":41,"docid":"92o3dujh","rank":53,"score":10.843299865722656},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to varying severity of symptoms from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and thromboembolism with mortality. Risk factors for adverse outcomes could help in personalized care for vulnerable populations. Preliminary data suggests higher mortality rates among African Americans, who have a high carrier frequency for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). This mini-review explores potential risks of COVID-19 pneumonia for those with sick","qid":41,"docid":"7z5rkti3","rank":54,"score":10.76509952545166},{"content":"The passage suggests that racial disparities in COVID-19 severity could be linked to genetic variations in the androgen receptor, which are more common in certain ethnicities like African Americans. These variations are associated with conditions like prostate cancer and androgenetic alopecia. If a connection is proven, anti-androgens could be explored as a potential treatment for COVID-19 in these populations.","qid":41,"docid":"rk6h1vka","rank":55,"score":10.75469970703125},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in privacy concerns and opt-outs for location tracking in Democratic and Republican cities, with those practicing social distancing less likely to opt-out. High-income populations and males were more likely to opt-out of location tracking compared to low-income populations and females.","qid":41,"docid":"ihijerw1","rank":56,"score":10.717000007629395},{"content":"The passage suggests an association between Vitamin D deficiency, which is common among African Americans and the higher COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in this population. The deficiency may be linked to lower cellular glutathione levels and impaired Vitamin D biosynthesis pathway genes in AA communities. Mice studies indicate that co-supplementation of Vitamin D and L-cysteine, a GSH precursor, is more effective in improving","qid":41,"docid":"q0tu1pja","rank":57,"score":10.691200256347656},{"content":"The study analyzed the correlation between racial demographics and COVID-19 cases, deaths, and case mortality in 2886 US counties. Positive correlations were found between the percentage of African-Americans and Asian-Americans living in a county and the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and case mortality. Conversely, negative correlations existed between the percentage of Whites and these factors. The results suggest a weak but significant positive relationship","qid":41,"docid":"58ye9c5a","rank":58,"score":10.68179988861084},{"content":"The study analyzed the relationship between racial demographics and COVID-19 cases, deaths, and case mortality in 2886 US counties. Positive correlations were found between the percentage of African-Americans and Asian-Americans living in a county and the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and case mortality. Conversely, negative correlations existed between the percentage of Whites and these factors. The results suggest a weak but significant positive relationship","qid":41,"docid":"ne552y3i","rank":59,"score":10.681798934936523},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 6.6 million cases and 392,000 deaths worldwide as of June 2020. In Africa, there have been 152,000 cases and 4,300 deaths. The five countries with the most cases are South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, and Ghana. Africa's lower number of cases is due to inadequate health systems, limited","qid":41,"docid":"h3czhqtt","rank":60,"score":10.663000106811523},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 6.6 million people worldwide with over 392,000 deaths as of June 6, 2020. In Africa, there have been over 152,000 confirmed cases and 4,300 deaths as of June 2, 2020. The five countries with the most cases are South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, and Ghana. Africa","qid":41,"docid":"juvmabdq","rank":61,"score":10.638699531555176},{"content":"A retrospective study using electronic medical records found that Black COVID-19 patients in the US have a higher risk of mortality, hospitalization, and mechanical ventilation than White patients, even after accounting for comorbidities. The disparities may be linked to socioeconomic determinants of health and the need for improved care for Blacks.","qid":41,"docid":"cuo7qdkj","rank":62,"score":10.634400367736816},{"content":"The passage discusses how African Americans are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to systemic oppression and disparities in areas such as healthcare, segregation, food security, government representation, and public engagement. The article provides early lessons and strategies for public administration scholars and practitioners to address these inequities and support the African American community during the pandemic.","qid":41,"docid":"yq7enzvm","rank":63,"score":10.566399574279785},{"content":"This study evaluates COVID-19 disease outcomes, testing capacities, and management approaches among African countries over a 75-day period. Compelling spatial differences in incidence, deaths, and recoveries were found, with Egypt, South Africa, Morocco, and Algeria having the highest disease outcomes. Mauritius, Mauritania, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Togo, and Uganda had the highest","qid":41,"docid":"uw7qt4jd","rank":64,"score":10.55370044708252},{"content":"The passage discusses how age structures and coresidence patterns affect the vulnerability of countries' populations to COVID-19 outbreaks, based on census data from 81 countries. European and North American countries with aging populations increase their overall vulnerability to COVID-19 deaths. In Africa and parts of Asia, coresidence of elderly persons increases vulnerability to deaths caused by within-household transmission. Southern European countries, with aged populations and high intergenerational coresidence,","qid":41,"docid":"gypm0p78","rank":65,"score":10.541000366210938},{"content":"The passage discusses how age structures and coresidence patterns affect the vulnerability of different countries' populations to COVID-19 outbreaks. European and North American countries with aging populations have a higher risk of COVID-19 deaths in general. In Africa and parts of Asia, coresidence of elderly persons increases the risk of deaths due to within-household transmission. Southern European countries, with aged populations and high intergenerational coresidence, are the most vulnerable to COVID-1","qid":41,"docid":"iw4yv6l4","rank":66,"score":10.540999412536621},{"content":"The passage discusses how age structures and co-residence patterns affect the vulnerability of countries' populations to Covid-19 outbreaks, based on census data from 81 countries. European and North American countries with aging populations increase their overall vulnerability to Covid-related deaths. In Africa and parts of Asia, co-residence of elderly persons increases vulnerability to deaths caused by within-household transmission. Southern European countries with aged populations and high intergenerational co-residence","qid":41,"docid":"tpxqj2do","rank":67,"score":10.540998458862305},{"content":"The passage discusses the challenges policy makers face in deciding whether to partially reopen the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic while avoiding a second wave. To make informed decisions, it is essential to understand the impact of previous interventions on health and the economy. The passage introduces Synthetic Interventions, a data-driven method that allows policy makers to estimate the effects of different interventions without implementing them. Using this method, the study finds that lifting severe mobility restrictions and ret","qid":41,"docid":"9j8lr4vx","rank":68,"score":10.528400421142578},{"content":"A survey of 672 U.S. adults conducted in May 2020 found that 67% would accept a COVID-19 vaccine if recommended. Demographic groups more likely to accept the vaccine included males, older adults, Asians, and college graduates. Those with lower education levels and unemployment had lower influenza vaccine uptake and lower reported acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Black Americans also reported lower acceptance rates than other racial groups. Ge","qid":41,"docid":"p3zjxo1h","rank":69,"score":10.392499923706055},{"content":"A study using electronic health records from Michigan Medicine identified racial differences in COVID-19 outcomes and comorbidities. Blacks\/African Americans had higher hospitalization and death rates. The study, a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), examined 1,043 pre-existing conditions and their association with COVID-19 outcomes in 5,698 patients, stratified by race. Obesity, iron deficiency anemia,","qid":41,"docid":"915x3q19","rank":70,"score":10.378600120544434},{"content":"This observational study compared the risk of COVID-19, testing rates, and death across three settings - long-term care homes (LTCH), shelters, and the rest of the population - in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, between January 23, 2020, and May 25, 2020. The study found that LTCH and shelter residents had significantly higher diagnosed cases per capita and were more likely to","qid":41,"docid":"1u2d4m49","rank":71,"score":10.33240032196045},{"content":"A study was conducted to analyze the polymorphisms of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genes, which function as cell adhesion and pathogen recognition receptors, in Caucasian Canadian and indigenous African populations. Novel nucleotide variants were identified in the regulatory regions of the genes that could impact transcription and translation. Significant differences in the distribution of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR alleles were observed between African and non-Afr","qid":41,"docid":"ermr7wlf","rank":72,"score":10.295599937438965},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of equitably distributing the benefits and burdens of research involving human participants, particularly in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Key issues include supporting clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries without diverting resources, recruiting participants from disproportionately affected groups, conducting studies to improve outcomes in high-risk environments, and ensuring affordable access to resulting medical products worldwide. Neglecting equity considerations in clinical trials could w","qid":41,"docid":"mob8dbcr","rank":73,"score":10.284500122070312},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the importance of equitably distributing the benefits and burdens of research involving human participants, particularly in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Key issues include supporting clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries, recruiting participants from disproportionately affected groups, conducting studies to improve outcomes in high-risk environments, and ensuring affordable access to resulting medical products. Neglecting equity considerations in clinical trials could widen health disparities between","qid":41,"docid":"of5dvq44","rank":74,"score":10.284499168395996},{"content":"The passage discusses three indicators - Comparative COVID-19 Mortality Ratio (CCMR), Crude COVID-19 Death Rate (CCDR), and reductions in life expectancy at birth - for comparing and analyzing COVID-19 mortality trends across different populations. CCMR and CCDR require population age and sex compositions, while life expectancy at birth and Crude Death Rate (CDR) are used to compare COVID-19 and overall mort","qid":41,"docid":"peg0m87x","rank":75,"score":10.177800178527832},{"content":"The American Psychological Association (APA) is advocating for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to create a public-private partnership within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to address the urgent need for information on COVID-19's impact on vulnerable populations and produce data for targeted behavioral health interventions.","qid":41,"docid":"pgfxpw2d","rank":76,"score":10.175100326538086},{"content":"This observational case series analyzed patient data from the Mount Sinai Health System for 28,336 individuals tested for COVID-19 between February 24 and April 15, 2020. Of these, 6,158 were confirmed cases. Hispanics and African Americans had higher positive case rates but similar mortality rates. Mortality risk factors included age, oxygen saturation, ICU care, and elevated creatinine,","qid":41,"docid":"9pn30z0k","rank":77,"score":10.141900062561035},{"content":"The passage discusses a study focusing on variants in genes related to proteases and innate immunity that could impact susceptibility and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Serbian population. Analysis of sequence data identified 22 variants with potential functional effects, ten of which could alter protein structure and function. Comparative population analysis using data from the 1000 genomes project revealed seven variants with noticeable divergence in allelic frequencies between populations","qid":41,"docid":"qm44flh4","rank":78,"score":10.137900352478027},{"content":"Infoveillance, an application from Infodemiology, uses social sensors, or people providing ideas through electronic communication channels, to monitor public health and create strategic policies. During the Covid-19 pandemic, Infoveillance can be particularly useful for South American countries, which have unique economic, health, and research contexts. This study aims to analyze the impact of Covid-19 on Spanish-speaking countries in South America using a text mining approach with Twitter as the data source. Pre","qid":41,"docid":"3r5vycnr","rank":79,"score":10.136300086975098},{"content":"A study using multiple genome databases identified four genetic variants (rs464397, rs469390, rs2070788, and rs383510) that affect the expression of TMPRSS2, a protein crucial for SARS-CoV-2 infection, in lung tissue. The frequency of TMPRSS2-upregulating variants is higher in European and American populations than in","qid":41,"docid":"9ehm6dwo","rank":80,"score":10.076899528503418},{"content":"The passage discusses the application of various growth models to the COVID-19 outbreak data in China and other countries. The authors calibrate logistic, generalized logistic, Richards, and growth models to the infected case numbers in China, 29 provinces, and 19 countries. They analyze the development of the epidemic in China and the effectiveness of control measures. The authors identify four phases of the outbreak in China and make scenario projections for other countries. Europe","qid":41,"docid":"cjcxd8z5","rank":81,"score":10.049799919128418},{"content":"The passage discusses a study using an agent-based simulation model (COVAM) to evaluate the impact of social distancing measures, including adherence levels and timing, on the spread of COVID-19 in Dane County, Wisconsin, Milwaukee metropolitan area, and New York City (NYC). The findings suggest that the timing and adherence of social distancing significantly affect the number of confirmed cases. For instance, implementing social distancing measures in NYC","qid":41,"docid":"aiah8kkn","rank":82,"score":10.048999786376953},{"content":"A study examining DNA polymorphisms in ACE2 and TMPRSS2, two key host factors of SARS-CoV-2, from ~81,000 human genomes found unique genetic susceptibility across different populations. ACE2 polymorphisms, such as p.Arg514Gly in the African\/African-American population, were associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions by altering angiotens","qid":41,"docid":"hvrj71r3","rank":83,"score":10.04010009765625},{"content":"The passage summarizes a report by the CDC on decreasing childhood cancer mortality rates in the US from 1990-2004. Overall, age-adjusted death rates decreased among both sexes, all age groups, and most racial and ethnic groups, as well as in all US Census regions, except for AI\/ANs and some disparities between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. The report highlights the need to address racial\/ethnic","qid":41,"docid":"0falsc4z","rank":84,"score":10.034700393676758},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light the vulnerabilities and disparities in the U.S. correctional system, with correctional facilities and communities ill-prepared for the virus's spread. Overcrowding, aging population, and high rates of underlying health conditions increase the risk of infection. Decarceration measures are necessary to balance public safety and public health, but there is unclear guidance from the federal government. The paper discusses the federal response and its impact","qid":41,"docid":"5i0zxhs1","rank":85,"score":9.965700149536133},{"content":"A systematic review was conducted to identify effective interventions for increasing stool blood colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among African Americans. The review included 11 studies published between 2000 and 2019, which used both inreach and outreach strategies in community and clinical settings. Effective interventions included mailed stool tests with patient navigation, tailored educational materials, and follow-up calls or mailings. The studies recruited a total of","qid":41,"docid":"8t5y9gqq","rank":86,"score":9.917799949645996},{"content":"The passage discusses the results of a study examining the gene expression profiles and polymorphism of the entry machinery required for COVID-19 infection in various tissues and population groups. The tissues expressing the entry machinery coding genes include the lung, kidney, small intestine, and salivary glands. No significant expression differences were found between males and females. The study identified specific and common rare variants of the X-linked locus of the ACE2","qid":41,"docid":"jdu2v2ii","rank":87,"score":9.913399696350098},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the US, with higher death rates in African American, Native American, and LatinX communities. Factors contributing to these disparities include chronic medical conditions, lower access to healthcare, and living and working conditions that increase risk. Underlying causes are long-standing societal and structural issues. Clinicians can help reduce the impact and advocate for change.","qid":41,"docid":"u7s67aug","rank":88,"score":9.889699935913086},{"content":"The passage discusses how health inequities in the US have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite having advanced clinical and research capabilities, the US population's average health indicators lag behind those of other high and middle-income countries. COVID-19 has exacerbated these disparities, disproportionately affecting marginalized and under-resourced communities such as those in jails, prisons, and detention centers, immigrants and the und","qid":41,"docid":"0ctlde8w","rank":89,"score":9.863699913024902},{"content":"The passage discusses how health inequities in the US have worsened the impact of COVID-19 on marginalized and under-resourced communities. These communities, including those in jails and prisons, immigrants and the undocumented, people with disabilities, and the homeless, face structural risks such as limited access to preventive services and inability to comply with physical distancing recommendations. Underlying health disparities and intersecting stigmas, particularly affecting racial and","qid":41,"docid":"n3wbuxnv","rank":90,"score":9.863698959350586},{"content":"This study aimed to understand the chest imaging findings of suspected COVID-19 patients in the emergency department and their relationship with demographics and RT-PCR testing results. The analysis included 227 patients, with 173 (90.1%) of the COVID-19 RT-PCR (+) cases showing abnormal imaging (85.7% on CXR and 100% on CT). The most common imaging findings were mixed","qid":41,"docid":"v8cpbqgz","rank":91,"score":9.826899528503418},{"content":"A cross-sectional social media survey was conducted from March 14-April 1, 2020, to examine the impact of shelter-in-place orders on social distancing, difficulties with daily activities, and concern regarding COVID-19 in the San Francisco Bay Area and the US. The results showed an increase in social distancing behavior (9.2% in the Bay Area and 3.4% elsewhere) and difficulties obtaining food, hand sanit","qid":41,"docid":"24xxj8q8","rank":92,"score":9.81980037689209},{"content":"In the United States from 1999 to 2005, motor vehicle-related deaths remained relatively stable at around 15.2-15.7 per 100,000 population. However, significant variations were observed among states, regions, sexes, races, and age groups. For instance, the rate in Massachusetts was 7.9 per 100,000, while it was 31.9 in Mississippi","qid":41,"docid":"yjt2g95o","rank":93,"score":9.810199737548828},{"content":"A study compiled data on potential explanatory variables for COVID-19 deaths in the USA through early May 2020, using statistical and machine learning approaches to identify the most significant and important variables. The findings suggest that population-weighted density, some \"stay at home\" metrics, monthly temperature and precipitation, race\/ethnicity, and chronic low respiratory death rate were all statistically significant, with population-weighted density and mobility metrics having the greatest impact","qid":41,"docid":"q4jn5h00","rank":94,"score":9.794699668884277},{"content":"This study provides estimates on the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Africa by the end of June 2020 using a co-variate-based instrumental variable regression model and adjusting for differences in age-structure, health service quality, and living standards. By the end of June, it is forecasted that 16.3 million people will contract COVID-19 with Northern Africa having the highest cumulative cases (5.4 million) and Eastern Africa","qid":41,"docid":"atee6lis","rank":95,"score":9.701299667358398},{"content":"In a cohort study of COVID-19 patients in south metropolitan Chicago, predominantly African-American (AA) patients had higher rates of hospitalization and comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, insulin use, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation. Older age, tobacco use, CAD, and AF were associated with greater risk of in-hospital mortality. Cardiac","qid":41,"docid":"4f6h7agt","rank":96,"score":9.682900428771973},{"content":"A retrospective study analyzed 300 patients with advanced chronic venous insufficiency who underwent radiofrequency ablation between 2009 and 2011. The study aimed to determine racial disparities in presentation and response to intervention. The patient base was predominantly female (85%) with a mean age of 53 years and a mean body mass index of 30.2. Racial distribution included Asians (3.3%","qid":41,"docid":"bd3bgevq","rank":97,"score":9.675700187683105},{"content":"This study aimed to examine the chest imaging findings of suspected COVID-19 patients in the emergency department and their relationship with demographics and RT-PCR testing results. The analysis included 227 patients, with 173 (90.1%) of the COVID-19 RT-PCR (+) cases showing abnormal imaging (85.7% on CXR and 100% on CT). The most common imaging findings were mixed","qid":41,"docid":"6we2k9fi","rank":98,"score":9.657400131225586},{"content":"The essay discusses the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 and police violence on African American communities, highlighting the historical issues of racial health disparities and lack of autonomy in healthcare decision-making. The essay argues that systemic injustice should be considered more in clinical ethics, specifically in palliative and end-of-life care for African Americans. The essay criticizes the denial of decision-making power to African American patients and the priorit","qid":41,"docid":"j2lhpz7j","rank":99,"score":9.644700050354004},{"content":"The essay discusses the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 and systemic racism on African American communities, focusing on the implications for palliative and end-of-life care. The author argues that racial health disparities, rooted in systemic injustice, deserve greater attention in clinical ethics. African American patients have historically been denied autonomy in medical decision-making, and during the pandemic, they have been disproportionately denied access to","qid":41,"docid":"xo1f35jg","rank":100,"score":9.644699096679688}]}
{"query":"Does Vitamin D impact COVID-19 prevention and treatment?","hits":[{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of vitamin D deficiency in increasing the severity of COVID-19. Vitamin D helps regulate inflammation and has been linked to lower T regulatory lymphocyte (Treg) levels in COVID-19 patients. Low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, viral infections, inflammatory cytokines, and thrombosis, all of which are common in","qid":42,"docid":"m22h669g","rank":1,"score":13.780200004577637},{"content":"A study explores the potential link between adequate vitamin D levels and prevention of acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. The article references research on the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in older Italian women and its possible preventive and therapeutic role. The literature review highlights the protective role of vitamin D for respiratory infections, but randomized controlled trials are lacking. Vitamin D can be obtained through sun exposure and vitamin-","qid":42,"docid":"x4ietehr","rank":2,"score":13.504599571228027},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis along with an ecological investigation were conducted to examine the role of vitamin D in COVID-19. Six studies with 3,822 participants indicated that 46.5% of COVID-19 patients had vitamin D deficiency and 43.3% had insufficient levels. However, no correlation was found between vitamin D levels and global recovery or mortality rates. There were significant correlations in specific regions, such","qid":42,"docid":"8hvve871","rank":3,"score":13.236499786376953},{"content":"A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Chicago Medicine to examine the association between vitamin D deficiency and treatment with testing positive for COVID-19. Among 4,314 patients tested for COVID-19, 499 had a vitamin D level in the year before testing. Vitamin D status was categorized as likely deficient for 127 (25%) patients, likely sufficient for 291 (58","qid":42,"docid":"4v71xohx","rank":4,"score":12.505499839782715},{"content":"The authors agree with Kumar et al and Panarese and Shahini that vitamin D has a role in preventing the severity of COVID-19, although the mechanism is different from its effect on influenza.","qid":42,"docid":"s7pwtw9j","rank":5,"score":12.345199584960938},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of supplementation with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), zinc, vitamin D, and N-acetylcysteine in preventing or treating COVID-19. These agents are hypothesized to be useful due to their ability to influence the immune response. The authors provide information on the biologic plausibility, applicable clinical data, and potential role of each agent.","qid":42,"docid":"waujy98e","rank":6,"score":12.285900115966797},{"content":"The passage discusses a study that found a strong correlation between the prevalence of severe Vitamin D deficiency and the population mortality rate from COVID-19 in Europe. The authors analyzed Vitamin D levels data from 10 European countries and used Pearson correlation analysis to find a significant correlation between the two variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76 and a p-value of 0.01. The correlation remained significant even after adjusting for age structure and","qid":42,"docid":"67gsn4sy","rank":7,"score":12.24020004272461},{"content":"The passage discusses the correlation between Vitamin D levels and susceptibility to COVID-19. Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient that enhances immunity and shields against respiratory diseases. With no available treatment or vaccine for COVID-19, preventive measures such as maintaining adequate Vitamin D levels are crucial. The review suggests recommendations for the required Vitamin D dosage for both healthy individuals and those at risk of COVID-19 for protection and prevention.","qid":42,"docid":"bpfwcssk","rank":8,"score":11.941699981689453},{"content":"Patients with respiratory diseases like cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma frequently experience worsening respiratory symptoms, known as exacerbations, often triggered by infections. Exacerbations can result in hospitalization and are a significant cause of mortality. Current treatments aim to minimize negative effects and prevent future events, but many patients do not benefit and continue to experience recurrent exacerbations. Vitamin","qid":42,"docid":"edb5546o","rank":9,"score":11.916600227355957},{"content":"A review explored the potential role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19 infections based on existing research. A negative correlation was found between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases in European countries, but not with deaths. Some studies suggested vitamin D's role in inhibiting viral replication or having anti-inflammatory effects, while others did not find a correlation after adjusting for confounding variables. Vitamin D","qid":42,"docid":"8ceblnkz","rank":10,"score":11.884499549865723},{"content":"A review explored the potential role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19 infections based on existing research. A negative correlation was found between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases in European countries, but not with deaths. Some studies suggested vitamin D's role in inhibiting viral replication or having anti-inflammatory effects, while others did not find a correlation after adjusting for confounding variables. Vitamin D","qid":42,"docid":"uz34fjyp","rank":11,"score":11.884498596191406},{"content":"A systematic review investigated the role of nutrients in preventing, treating, and managing COVID-19 in adults. Relevant articles from 1990 to 2020 were collected and some nutrients, including protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, D, E, B1, B6, B12, C, iron, zinc, and selenium, were identified as important for immune system function and potential","qid":42,"docid":"478wbtfb","rank":12,"score":11.786800384521484},{"content":"This systematic review investigates the role of nutrients in preventing, treating, and managing COVID-19 in adults. Using the PRISMA guideline, articles focusing on nutrition, immune system, viral infection, and coronaviruses from 1990 to 2020 were collected. Relevant nutrients include protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, D, E, B1, B6, B12","qid":42,"docid":"jk0ysuy4","rank":13,"score":11.786799430847168},{"content":"The passage suggests an association between Vitamin D deficiency, which is common among African Americans and the higher COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in this population. The deficiency may be linked to lower cellular glutathione levels and impaired Vitamin D biosynthesis pathway genes in AA communities. Mice studies indicate that co-supplementation of Vitamin D and L-cysteine, a GSH precursor, is more effective in improving","qid":42,"docid":"q0tu1pja","rank":14,"score":11.760299682617188},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of vitamin D in preventing or treating Covid-19 infections, particularly in the pediatric population. The authors reviewed literature from Medline and Embase databases and found that vitamin D interacts with both the innate and adaptive immune systems, modulating T cells function and reducing inflammatory responses. Promising results have been reported in respiratory tract infections, autoimmune diseases, and pulmonary fibrosis","qid":42,"docid":"46aln4tk","rank":15,"score":11.644499778747559},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of vitamin D in preventing or treating Covid-19 infections, particularly in the pediatric population. The authors reviewed literature from Medline and Embase databases and found that vitamin D interacts with both the innate and adaptive immune systems, modulating T cells function and reducing inflammatory responses. Promising results have been reported in respiratory tract infections, autoimmune diseases, and pulmonary fibrosis","qid":42,"docid":"rvwxysvc","rank":16,"score":11.644498825073242},{"content":"The passage discusses the identification of potential COVID-19 mitigation agents through genomic-guided mapping of SARS-CoV-2 targets in human cells. Vitamin D and quercetin were identified as putative agents based on their effects on gene expression signatures of potential coronavirus infection mitigation agents. Quercetin alters the expression of 30% of human genes encoding protein targets of SARS-CoV-2, potentially interfer","qid":42,"docid":"24m4rh9w","rank":17,"score":11.627799987792969},{"content":"A narrative review examines the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity. Studies suggest that northerly countries with higher latitudes have higher COVID-19 mortality rates, potentially due to reduced vitamin D synthesis from sunlight. Factors associated with both vitamin D deficiency and severe COVID-19 include age, ethnicity, male sex, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Vitamin D deficiency may increase ACE","qid":42,"docid":"8fu7w0be","rank":18,"score":11.55370044708252},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential link between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of COVID-19. The background explains that COVID-19 can range from asymptomatic to fatal, and vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a determinant of severity. The results of a regression modeling study show a correlation between more northerly countries in the Northern Hemisphere and higher COVID-19 mortality, which may be explained by the role of ultrav","qid":42,"docid":"mspxtag1","rank":19,"score":11.553699493408203},{"content":"A study analyzing global COVID-19 data shows a northern hemisphere bias in outbreak severity, which can't be fully explained by seasonal weather conditions or transmission rates. Vitamin D is suggested as a potential explanation, but historical controversies and lack of a clear causal framework have hindered acceptance. The study constructs two contrasting DAG models, one causal and one acausal, and finds that the observed data aligns with the causal model's predictions","qid":42,"docid":"rwh56zhg","rank":20,"score":11.534099578857422},{"content":"Vitamin D, an immunomodulator hormone with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, may prevent multiple organ damage in COVID-19 patients by mitigating symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm syndrome.","qid":42,"docid":"yjx6ejrh","rank":21,"score":11.38010025024414},{"content":"The passage discusses the global issue of vitamin D deficiency in expectant mothers and its association with increased risks of respiratory infections and mortality in infants and toddlers. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to 53% of deaths from viral and bacterial pneumonia, which is the leading cause of death in children under five years old. Poor sunlight exposure and dietary intake are causes of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is essential","qid":42,"docid":"rqp4huk3","rank":22,"score":11.377799987792969},{"content":"A retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of a composite nutritional supplement based on 2008 clinical practice guidelines for preventing vitamin and mineral deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The supplement included iron and calcium. Among 309 patients, compliant patients had significantly lower deficiency rates for iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin D compared to noncompliant patients. Women's","qid":42,"docid":"3q2jju2u","rank":23,"score":11.268600463867188},{"content":"The passage suggests a potential correlation between low vitamin D levels and high COVID-19 cases and mortality rates in European countries. The mean vitamin D levels were found to be negatively correlated with COVID-19 cases and mortality. Countries with the lowest vitamin D levels, such as Spain, Italy, and Switzerland, also have the highest aging populations, which are the most vulnerable to COVID-19. Further studies are recommended to examine the relationship between vitamin D","qid":42,"docid":"jak0gx9k","rank":24,"score":11.246700286865234},{"content":"The passage discusses the link between vitamin D deficiency and the increase of respiratory virus infections, including COVID-19, during winter and spring in high-latitude regions. Factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency include old age, obesity, dark skin tone, and common genetic variants. Precision nutrition and vitamin D supplementation are recommended for individuals with these risk factors, especially those living in high-latitude areas with limited UVB exposure","qid":42,"docid":"7lb9w9ab","rank":25,"score":11.168499946594238},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Vitamin D can lower viral replication rates and reduce inflammation in the lungs through various mechanisms. Observational studies and clinical trials suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of influenza, while evidence for its effect on COVID-19 includes the seasonal pattern of outbreaks and the association between vitamin D deficiency","qid":42,"docid":"iqe6sdq2","rank":26,"score":11.042799949645996},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of dietary supplements in the context of COVID-19 treatment and prevention, highlighting the lack of concrete evidence for their efficacy and safety. The supplements reviewed are vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, elderberry, and silver. Despite the widespread belief in their benefits, it is recommended that providers and patients refer to evidence-based guidelines for COVID-19 treatment decisions.","qid":42,"docid":"gu5vrd2v","rank":27,"score":11.035699844360352},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of dietary supplements in the context of COVID-19 treatment and prevention, highlighting the need for accurate information during the pandemic. It reviews the theoretical mechanisms and existing evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of select supplements such as vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, elderberry, and silver. However, the evidence supporting their use in COVID-19 patients is limited, and relying on dietary supplements for prevention or treatment","qid":42,"docid":"jykb5thv","rank":28,"score":11.035698890686035},{"content":"The debate surrounding the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs for hypertension management during COVID-19 infection is ongoing. While these medications may theoretically increase ACE2 receptor expression and viral load due to the receptor's role in COVID-19 infection, common dietary interventions, vitamins, and nutrients can also increase ACE2 receptor expression. These include Vitamin C, Metformin, Resveratrol, Vit","qid":42,"docid":"ux844b25","rank":29,"score":11.025799751281738},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Vitamin D can lower viral replication rates and reduce inflammation in the lungs through various mechanisms. Observational studies and clinical trials suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of influenza, while evidence for its effect on COVID-19 includes the seasonal pattern of outbreaks and the association between vitamin D deficiency","qid":42,"docid":"9vsi8hfx","rank":30,"score":11.007200241088867},{"content":"Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are risk factors for respiratory infections, including COVID-19, and are common in older adults and those with co-morbid conditions or skin pigmentation. Vitamin D stimulates the production of LL37, an antimicrobial peptide that modulates immune signaling and has activity against viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Exposure to fine particulate air pollution can inter","qid":42,"docid":"wr9hkvd3","rank":31,"score":10.94379997253418},{"content":"The study investigated the effect of colostrum feeding and vitamin supplementation on the gut microbiome and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) colonization in neonatal Holstein calves. Six treatment groups were established: colostrum deprived (CD), colostrum replacer (CR) with no vitamins, and CR supplemented with vitamin A, D(3), E, or a combination of A,","qid":42,"docid":"60o3anwu","rank":32,"score":10.894800186157227},{"content":"The passage discusses the importance of maintaining optimal vitamin D levels in elderly COVID-19 patients to prevent musculoskeletal issues such as falls, frailty, and fractures, and to potentially improve respiratory health. Elderly individuals, who are at higher risk for low vitamin D levels due to decreased activity and extended hospital stays, are more susceptible to COVID-19 complications. The article emphasizes the musculoskeletal benefits of","qid":42,"docid":"dqqrulyx","rank":33,"score":10.847100257873535},{"content":"A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D(3) supplementation (10,000 international units per week) and gargling on the prevention of viral, clinical upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in university students. Of the 600 participants, 471 completed all surveys and 150 reported clinical URTI. The occurrence of symptomatic clinical URTI was not significantly different","qid":42,"docid":"lobhurai","rank":34,"score":10.802200317382812},{"content":"A single center observational study examined the use of IV vitamin C in 17 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, requiring high oxygen support. The in-patient mortality rate was 12%, with 17.6% intubation and mechanical ventilation. Post-treatment, there was a significant decrease in inflammatory markers, ferritin and D-dimer, and a trend towards decreasing FiO2 requirements.","qid":42,"docid":"vbj4ki20","rank":35,"score":10.791999816894531},{"content":"The passage summarizes two randomized, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effects of a daily supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) and vitamin D on fatty acid and vitamin D serum levels in healthy individuals and those with Crohn's disease. The supplement significantly increased serum levels of EPA, Docosapentaenoic acid, DHA, omega-3 index, and vitamin D in both groups","qid":42,"docid":"56dez4ak","rank":36,"score":10.7298002243042},{"content":"The passage suggests that while there is not enough evidence to support the use of vitamin D supplementation for preventing or treating COVID-19 infection, it is becoming more feasible that this hypothesis is valid due to two potential mechanisms. The first mechanism is the anti-infectious and immunomodulatory action of vitamin D, which improves intercellular barriers and reduces inflammatory cytokines. The second mechanism is the inhibition of the renin-","qid":42,"docid":"1b7viy5o","rank":37,"score":10.706999778747559},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of vitamin D3 in the prevention of certain respiratory diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with respiratory diseases, and supplementation leads to improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake. Proteins linked to vitamin D and respiratory pathology include major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, vitamin D receptor, vitamin D-binding protein, chromosome P450,","qid":42,"docid":"fm5h7vg0","rank":38,"score":10.700799942016602},{"content":"A review of 18 studies found that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) increases the risk or severity of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children under 5 years old, based on 13 out of the 18 studies. High maternal vitamin D levels were linked to ALRIs in infants in one study. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for children at high risk for ALRIs as it is a low","qid":42,"docid":"ke1l83wc","rank":39,"score":10.63659954071045},{"content":"The passage discusses the current status of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation worldwide. Vitamin D testing and use of supplements have increased, but the optimal dose and benefits are debated due to limitations in trial design and inconsistent intervention methods. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol\/L or 20 ng\/ml) is linked to unfavorable skeletal outcomes and a higher","qid":42,"docid":"pm7ihh9t","rank":40,"score":10.576499938964844},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a major public health challenge with no effective vaccine available. Clinical management is limited to infection prevention and control measures, and research is ongoing to find treatments that inhibit virus replication, mitigate symptoms, increase survival, and decrease mortality. Several classes of drugs, including antivirals (chloroquine, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, hydroxych","qid":42,"docid":"rirzes0m","rank":41,"score":10.434700012207031},{"content":"The report aims to clarify the best practices for vitamin D supplement use, particularly for older adults at risk of Covid-19. Three recent reports suggest that vitamin D may offer protection against Covid-19. Two reports align with guidelines recommending adequate vitamin D intake (10-20 \u00b5g daily) for older adults, while the third suggests high doses (20-50 \u00b5g daily) for all adults. The lack of mention about","qid":42,"docid":"ipm58ohm","rank":42,"score":10.393799781799316},{"content":"A review of nursing literature and databases found no clear evidence that vitamin C effectively prevents the common cold in adults. However, it may reduce the duration of symptoms in both adults and children. Athletes training in cold conditions may benefit from vitamin C for cold prevention. NPs should advise patients that vitamin C may shorten the duration of cold symptoms but does not affect severity or act as a prophylaxis.","qid":42,"docid":"29wn8kaw","rank":43,"score":10.384900093078613},{"content":"A debate exists about the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. A recent article suggests a link between vitamin D supplementation and decreased risk of COVID-19 and influenza. This commentary focuses on the safety of vitamin D supplementation for individuals at risk of COVID-19.","qid":42,"docid":"pt1i1au3","rank":44,"score":10.192500114440918},{"content":"A debate exists about the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. A recent article suggests a link between vitamin D supplementation and decreased risk of COVID-19 and influenza. This commentary focuses on the safety of vitamin D supplementation for individuals at risk of COVID-19.","qid":42,"docid":"svc2xeh1","rank":45,"score":10.192499160766602},{"content":"The passage discusses the connection between vitamin D and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in relation to COVID-19. ACE2 is the primary entry point for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which reduces its expression and causes lung injury and pneumonia. Vitamin D, a negative endocrine modulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), can increase ACE2 expression","qid":42,"docid":"qslc2wry","rank":46,"score":10.179699897766113},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has no proven treatment or vaccine. ACE2, a component of the renin-angiotensin system, is the primary entry point for the virus into cells, reducing its expression and causing lung injury. Vitamin D, a negative endocrine RAS modulator, can increase ACE2 expression and concentration, potentially protecting against acute lung injury. Targeting the imbalance in RAS","qid":42,"docid":"vu7lwypg","rank":47,"score":10.179698944091797},{"content":"Title: Impact of Vitamins A, B, C, D, and E Supplementation on COVID-19 ICU Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol\n\nObjectives: This study aims to test the hypothesis that vitamin supplementation (A, B, C, D, E) improves severity and mortality in COVID-19 ICU patients.\n\nDesign: Randomized, single-blinded, two-arm (1","qid":42,"docid":"wzxorv0a","rank":48,"score":10.135700225830078},{"content":"A single-center observational study was conducted at AZ Delta general hospital to determine the correlation between lower serum vitamin D levels and the risk for COVID-19 severity. The study involved 186 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 and 2717 season\/age\/sex-matched diseased controls. The results showed that male COVID-19 patients had lower median vitamin D levels and a higher percentage of deficiency compared to controls. Fem","qid":42,"docid":"rpmmadqc","rank":49,"score":10.119600296020508},{"content":"A study examined the relationship between vitamin D status and the severity of Covid-19 in Europe. Contrary to expectations, countries with lower latitudes and more sunlight, such as Spain and Italy, had low vitamin D concentrations and high rates of deficiency, despite experiencing the highest infection and mortality rates. In contrast, northern latitude countries with less sunlight, like Norway and Finland, had higher vitamin D concentrations, lower deficiency rates, and lower infection and","qid":42,"docid":"jvyr7pq4","rank":50,"score":10.107199668884277},{"content":"A study examined the relationship between vitamin D status and the severity of Covid-19 in Europe. Contrary to expectations, countries with lower latitudes and more sunlight, such as Spain and Italy, had low vitamin D concentrations and high rates of deficiency, despite experiencing the highest infection and mortality rates. In contrast, northern latitude countries with less sunlight, like Norway and Finland, had higher vitamin D concentrations, lower deficiency rates, and lower infection and","qid":42,"docid":"lo6u1buy","rank":51,"score":10.107198715209961},{"content":"Thirty Holstein calves were assigned to six groups: colostrum deprived (CD) with no vitamins, colostrum replacer (CR) with no vitamins, CR with vitamin A, CR with vitamin D3, CR with vitamin E, and CR with vitamins A, D3, E. Calves were inoculated with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis on days 1 and ","qid":42,"docid":"86j5nx7c","rank":52,"score":10.072099685668945},{"content":"The WHO has declared both the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and vitamin D deficiency as pandemics. COVID-19 spreads more in northern mid-latitude countries with low temperatures and humidity. Vitamin D deficiency is common in Europe, affecting 40% of the population, and is more prevalent in subtropical and mid-latitude countries. Severe vitamin D deficiency is nearly non-existent in","qid":42,"docid":"lj4mq31p","rank":53,"score":10.066100120544434},{"content":"A review of studies suggests a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. The search was conducted using Pub Med and Google Scholar from December 2019 to May 2020. While some data indicates increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infections for vitamin D deficient individuals, more research is needed specifically for the diabetic subgroup. The conclusion is that further studies are","qid":42,"docid":"99zkwrso","rank":54,"score":10.03909969329834},{"content":"A review of studies suggests a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. The search was conducted using Pub Med and Google Scholar from December 2019 to May 2020. While some data indicates increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in vitamin D deficient individuals, more research is needed to establish this connection specifically for diabetes patients. Further studies are required to determine if vit","qid":42,"docid":"ktzx5lz6","rank":55,"score":10.039098739624023},{"content":"The study aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection and mortality using data from the UK Biobank. Of the 341,484 participants with complete data, 656 had inpatient confirmed COVID-19 infection and 203 died from COVID-19. Initially, vitamin D was linked to both severe infection and mortality, but after adjusting for confounders, no significant association was found","qid":42,"docid":"npk92gra","rank":56,"score":10.014699935913086},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and high mortality, primarily affects the elderly population. The leading cause of death is inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the lungs. No specific treatment exists, making it crucial to explore potential therapies. Vitamin D and melatonin are promising options due to their ability to modulate immune and oxidative responses against COVID-19. They may down-regulate the renin-ang","qid":42,"docid":"o8c1i5c2","rank":57,"score":10.009099960327148},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for older adults, particularly in relation to COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease. Older adults are at greater risk for severe COVID-19 and have lower vitamin D levels due to biological and behavioral factors. Vitamin D has antiviral properties and may help reduce the risk and severity of COVID-19. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation has been suggested to slow the progression of Park","qid":42,"docid":"wfz010d5","rank":58,"score":9.984800338745117},{"content":"Vitamin D deficiency is common and controlled trials suggest it decreases acute respiratory infections. Though there's no direct evidence of its effect on COVID-19, daily supplementation with moderate doses is safe, cheap, and could significantly reduce infections due to its known respiratory benefits.","qid":42,"docid":"fe7e60dl","rank":59,"score":9.978599548339844},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining optimal nutrition can support well-being and potentially reduce risk and morbidity. Guidelines suggest consuming fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while emphasizing the importance of vitamins and minerals like zinc, vitamins C, A, and D for a healthy immune system. Dietary supplementation may be beneficial for those with respiratory viral infections or nutrient deficiencies, but there is no evidence it","qid":42,"docid":"wbspn2zm","rank":60,"score":9.956299781799316},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining optimal nutrition can support well-being and potentially reduce risk and morbidity. Guidelines suggest consuming fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while emphasizing the importance of vitamins and minerals like zinc, vitamins C, A, and D for a healthy immune system. Dietary supplementation may be beneficial for those with respiratory viral infections or nutrient deficiencies, but it does not prevent COVID","qid":42,"docid":"zrlqzbss","rank":61,"score":9.956298828125},{"content":"A systematic review of 18 articles summarizes the current literature on common medications used in orthopaedic surgery and their potential implications in COVID-19 patients. Recommendations include using paracetamol as first-line analgesia and antipyretic, no need to avoid NSAIDs, prescribing steroids only for proven efficacious conditions, monitoring COVID-19 patients on steroids for avascular necrosis, converting","qid":42,"docid":"rwiur1wh","rank":62,"score":9.949899673461914},{"content":"The passage discusses a study investigating the relationship between vitamin D status and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The research suggests that having a lower vitamin D level may increase the risk of death from COVID-19. However, more research is needed to confirm this association and establish a causal relationship.","qid":42,"docid":"9itdow8a","rank":63,"score":9.936200141906738},{"content":"The study aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in the UK Biobank, specifically focusing on ethnic differences. The analysis included 348,598 participants with complete data, of whom 449 had confirmed COVID-19 infection. Univariable analysis showed an association between lower vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection, but this association was not significant after adjusting for confounders. Ethnicity","qid":42,"docid":"0oxy9b1p","rank":64,"score":9.932000160217285},{"content":"The study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 risk, as well as the potential explanation for higher COVID-19 incidence in black and South Asian people. Using data from the UK Biobank, the researchers found that vitamin D was not significantly associated with COVID-19 infection after adjusting for confounders. Ethnicity, however, remained a significant predictor of COVID-19 infection, with higher risks for blacks and South","qid":42,"docid":"gitj540h","rank":65,"score":9.931999206542969},{"content":"A serious complication of coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which can be worsened by vitamin D deficiency and improved by activating the vitamin D receptor. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the use of oral vitamin D or Calcifediol (25OHD) to reduce ARDS in coronavirus patients, with promising results from a pilot study","qid":42,"docid":"5rfxis6f","rank":66,"score":9.900400161743164},{"content":"A serious complication of coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which can be worsened by vitamin D deficiency and improved by activating the vitamin D receptor. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the use of oral vitamin D or Calcifediol (25OHD) to treat ARDS in coronavirus patients, with promising results from a pilot study","qid":42,"docid":"cb2j9i53","rank":67,"score":9.900399208068848},{"content":"A study comparing 32 countries found that those with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among elderly females had a confirmed COVID-19 case fatality rate twice as high as countries with low prevalence. This effect could not be explained by differences in life expectancy. The findings suggest a potential role for vitamin D in the severity of COVID-19.","qid":42,"docid":"jdrhu6l1","rank":68,"score":9.807999610900879},{"content":"A study found a positive correlation between lower COVID-19 death rates and a country's proximity to the equator, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of .40 (p<.0001, two-tailed t-test) and an R squared of .16. The results suggest a link between sunlight exposure, Vitamin D production, and reduced mortality. Further research is needed to confirm the correlation and determine optimal sunlight exposure or vitamin D supplement","qid":42,"docid":"jy45c2pk","rank":69,"score":9.802499771118164},{"content":"A study found a positive correlation between lower COVID-19 death rates and a country's proximity to the equator, with a Pearson r of .40 and p-value less than 0.0001. The R squared value of .16 indicates that 16% of the variation in death rates among nations can be explained by a country's latitude. The study suggests a link between sunlight exposure and reduced mortality. Further research is needed","qid":42,"docid":"l8bsoqbx","rank":70,"score":9.802498817443848},{"content":"The passage discusses a letter suggesting that vitamin D may have a role in preventing or mitigating the effects of COVID-19. The authors of the letter point to several studies indicating an association between low vitamin D levels and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, including COVID-19. They also mention that vitamin D has been shown to modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation. The letter concludes by urging further research into the potential benefits of","qid":42,"docid":"at0tm7tp","rank":71,"score":9.734800338745117},{"content":"The passage discusses a letter suggesting that vitamin D may have a role in preventing or mitigating the effects of COVID-19. The authors of the letter point to several studies indicating an association between low vitamin D levels and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, including COVID-19. They also mention that vitamin D has immune-boosting properties and may help reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to severe symptoms in","qid":42,"docid":"lcqn2fk1","rank":72,"score":9.7347993850708},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of vitamin D in regulating immunity in infants and children. At a molecular level, vitamin D signals through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is expressed throughout the immune system. Genome-wide approaches have identified numerous VDR-regulated genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D is believed to boost innate immunity against bacterial and viral pathogens and suppress inflammatory","qid":42,"docid":"an2xdbcz","rank":73,"score":9.718600273132324},{"content":"The authors of a recent study suggest that vitamin D may play a role in reducing the risk and severity of COVID-19 infections. They point out that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections and that vitamin D has been shown to modulate the immune response. The authors call for further research to investigate the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in preventing or treating COVID-19.","qid":42,"docid":"ay562jqu","rank":74,"score":9.698200225830078},{"content":"The passage discusses the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)(2) D3) in inhibiting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis model. The study found that hematopoietic cell VDR function and VDR function in T cells are necessary for 1,25-(OH)(2) D3 to","qid":42,"docid":"phv4oymq","rank":75,"score":9.657400131225586},{"content":"This study explores the limited use of vitamin D supplements for elderly care home residents in England despite their recommended use for those with little sunlight exposure. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with care home managers, GPs, and public health professionals. Themes identified included medical framing, professional and sector boundaries, awareness of national guidance, and ethical and practical issues. Vitamin D supplements were not routinely given to residents, with most participants believing it was the GP's","qid":42,"docid":"7fibv18p","rank":76,"score":9.646100044250488},{"content":"The passage discusses the need for new interventions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients, specifically in regards to vitamin D supplementation. While oral vitamin D supplementation has been shown to reduce exacerbations in COPD patients with severe vitamin D deficiency, the local vitamin D metabolism in the airways is not well understood. A study was conducted to examine the expression of key enzymes and the receptor of","qid":42,"docid":"sx19tm6v","rank":77,"score":9.639800071716309},{"content":"A study reviewed the correlation between vitamin D levels and Covid-19 infections and mortality. The authors argued that correlation alone is not enough to establish a relationship and suggested using life expectancy as a control. After including life expectancy in a regression model, the study found that vitamin D levels were not statistically significant predictors of Covid-19 infections or mortality, while life expectancy was.","qid":42,"docid":"hevwcofh","rank":78,"score":9.627699851989746},{"content":"The PRECOVID study aims to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on exacerbation rate in COPD patients with vitamin D deficiency. This randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study will recruit 240 COPD patients aged 40 and older with vitamin D deficiency. Participants will receive either vitamin D3 16800 IU or placebo orally once a","qid":42,"docid":"4qxh85c0","rank":79,"score":9.618900299072266},{"content":"The editorial by Rhodes et al suggests that vitamin D plays a role in regulating and suppressing inflammatory responses to respiratory viruses like COVID-19, preventing cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This mechanism could explain the lower mortality rates from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North.","qid":42,"docid":"07z1deqg","rank":80,"score":9.548299789428711},{"content":"The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), which regulates renal, cardiovascular, and immune functions, is linked to various symptoms and diseases of COVID-19, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and immune reactions. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the RAS by binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, leading","qid":42,"docid":"1f52iqjg","rank":81,"score":9.484800338745117},{"content":"The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), which regulates renal, cardiovascular, and immune functions, is linked to various symptoms and diseases of COVID-19, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and immune reactions. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the RAS by binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, leading","qid":42,"docid":"dubxmtfv","rank":82,"score":9.4847993850708},{"content":"This article reviews the literature on the impact of vitamin D metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses in human respiratory epithelial cells. Observational studies and clinical trials suggest a protective role of vitamin D against acute respiratory infections. However, the effects of vitamin D metabolites on viral replication or clearance of rhinovirus, RSV, and influenza A virus are inconsistent. Instead, vitamin D","qid":42,"docid":"tyabf12r","rank":83,"score":9.464699745178223},{"content":"A retrospective study suggests that Vitamin D, like tocilizumab, may modulate IL-6 activity and could be a cheaper and simpler alternative to tocilizumab for COVID-19 treatment. The seasonal variation in COVID-19 severity could be explained by Vitamin D levels, but further research is needed to establish this.","qid":42,"docid":"eu7m99a3","rank":84,"score":9.437999725341797},{"content":"The authors of a previous editorial on the association between northern latitude and increased COVID-19 mortality received a comment from Dr. Mansur suggesting the potential role of vitamin D in protecting against severe COVID-19. Vitamin D is a hormone derived from cholesterol and has a wide range of actions due to its influence on several hundred or more vitamin D-responsive genes.","qid":42,"docid":"3m8ekphy","rank":85,"score":9.433199882507324},{"content":"A randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted to determine if monthly vitamin D3 supplementation could reduce the rate of respiratory events in children with sickle cell disease. Sixty-two children, aged 3-20 years, with a history of respiratory events and low vitamin D levels were assigned to receive either a high dose (100,000 IU) or standard dose (12,000 IU) of","qid":42,"docid":"58va9ae8","rank":86,"score":9.379899978637695},{"content":"This paper summarizes research on vitamins and minerals that may help prevent or alleviate the effects of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, based on peer-reviewed medical literature. Vitamins A, D, and zinc are commonly recommended and have strong scientific support. Vitamin C also has some support but its efficacy is mixed. Iron and other vitamins and trace elements also have some support. Health science librarians are encouraged to emphasize","qid":42,"docid":"5uo2bxiv","rank":87,"score":9.36240005493164},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials assessed the impact of vitamin D (vitD) fortification in staple foods on 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and vitD deficiency prevalence among healthy children aged 1-18 years. Fortification improved 25(OH)D concentration by a mean difference of 15.51 nmol","qid":42,"docid":"v2w72a70","rank":88,"score":9.344200134277344},{"content":"The Italian legislation sets specific requirements for high-quality (HQ) milk, but there is no regulation regarding vitamin D content. A study evaluated the vitamin D3 content in HQ raw and pasteurized milk from Italian cowsheds and supermarkets, finding variations from not detected to 17 \u00b5g L(\u22121). The vitamin D3 content was not related to milk fat content. The study showed that HQ raw milk does not always contain more","qid":42,"docid":"mq1zwpt7","rank":89,"score":9.319000244140625},{"content":"Vitamin D is produced in the skin from sun exposure or obtained through diet, supporting bone health and key functions in various organs including the immune system, where the vitamin D receptor activates genes related to immune response.","qid":42,"docid":"n2ku9n0d","rank":90,"score":9.306900024414062},{"content":"Vitamin D is produced in the body through sun exposure or obtained through diet, and is essential for bone health. Severe deficiency can lead to osteomalacia or rickets. Vitamin D also supports functions in the brain, muscle, and immune system, and the vitamin D receptor can activate genes related to the immune system.","qid":42,"docid":"py0fjygs","rank":91,"score":9.306899070739746},{"content":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on COPD exacerbations. The analysis included 560 participants and revealed that vitamin D did not significantly influence the overall rate of moderate\/severe COPD exacerbations (aIRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78-1.13). However,","qid":42,"docid":"7tej2b9l","rank":92,"score":9.293899536132812},{"content":"A systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis will be conducted to identify patient-level predictors of treatment response to vitamin D supplementation on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Observational studies suggest a link between vitamin D deficiency and OA, but RCTs have reported conflicting results. The primary outcomes will be long-term pain and physical function, with secondary outcomes including medium- and short-","qid":42,"docid":"9dnyog5i","rank":93,"score":9.289400100708008},{"content":"This review aimed to evaluate the evidence from previous clinical trials on nutrition-based interventions for viral infections, with a special focus on respiratory infections and COVID-19. A systematic search was conducted in three medical databases, resulting in 43 studies being included. Among these, vitamins A and D, selenium, zinc, and certain nutraceuticals and probiotics showed potential benefits in enhancing immunity in viral respiratory","qid":42,"docid":"m16by8h6","rank":94,"score":9.284899711608887},{"content":"This review aimed to evaluate the evidence from previous clinical trials on nutrition-based interventions for viral infections, with a special focus on respiratory infections and COVID-19. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SciVerse Scopus databases, resulting in 43 studies being included. Among these, vitamins A and D, selenium, zinc, and certain nutraceuticals and probiotics showed potential","qid":42,"docid":"wmdcxmq2","rank":95,"score":9.28489875793457},{"content":"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the lowest vitamin D levels, suggesting a protective effect against TNBC. The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D), can modulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In BRCA","qid":42,"docid":"2qg1z13s","rank":96,"score":9.263500213623047},{"content":"The passage discusses the global threat of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting COVID-19 disease, which has caused over 340,000 deaths worldwide as of May 27th, with 100,000 deaths in the US. The text emphasizes the need for effective pharmacological treatments for prevention and treatment. The article presents vit","qid":42,"docid":"ajla989m","rank":97,"score":9.240799903869629},{"content":"A study compared gene expression of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the brains of depressed individuals who died by suicide and non-psychiatric controls. The results showed downregulated CRAMP mRNA expression and upregulated VDR mRNA expression in both the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in suicides.","qid":42,"docid":"dueignot","rank":98,"score":9.139300346374512},{"content":"A study of 1,326 COVID-19 cases from the UK Biobank found that men and non-White ethnicities had greater odds of severe COVID-19, which could not be explained by cardiometabolic factors, socio-economic status, behavioral factors, or vitamin D status. Non-Whites had poorer cardiometabolic profiles, lower vitamin D levels, greater material deprivation, and were more likely to","qid":42,"docid":"qi6w0sew","rank":99,"score":9.134099960327148},{"content":"A paper evaluates the role of immunonutrition, specifically vitamins C, D, and zinc, in strengthening the immune system to help protect against COVID-19, particularly in the over 65s. The nutrition sector has shown promising evidence of the relationship between certain nutrients and immune competence. Vitamins C and D may prevent pneumonia and respiratory infections, while zinc reinforces immunity. Ongoing","qid":42,"docid":"479wkesk","rank":100,"score":9.100099563598633}]}
{"query":"How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted violence in society, including violent crimes?","hits":[{"content":"The study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime frequencies in Vancouver, Canada, using data for property, violent, and mischief crimes. Interrupted time series analysis revealed statistically significant changes in certain crime types, with the magnitude and direction of change varying. These findings are attributed to social restrictions, altered activity patterns, and opportunity structures. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced crime frequencies, which is crucial information for criminal justice and social","qid":43,"docid":"ssv1arr1","rank":1,"score":19.93120002746582},{"content":"A literature review with over 45 papers selected from more than 30,000 potential titles investigated the relationship between green space in urban environments and violent crime reduction. Green spaces, including tree cover, parks, and ground cover, were found to potentially decrease crime rates through various mechanisms such as social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and territorial definition. Future research recommendations include meta-analysis and qualitative data-gathering","qid":43,"docid":"8ywevius","rank":2,"score":19.06100082397461},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to social distancing measures such as maintaining public distance, school closures, and business limitations. These policies may affect crime volume and distribution, with potential decreases in residential burglary due to increased property protection and increases in domestic violence due to extended contact between potential offenders and victims. An analysis of crime data from Los Angeles and Indianapolis shows a statistically significant impact on specific crime types, but the overall effect is less than expected given the disruption to","qid":43,"docid":"po2c65nb","rank":3,"score":17.87470054626465},{"content":"A study was conducted on crime patterns in Santa Monica, CA before and after the passage of Proposition 47 in 2014, which reclassified some non-violent felonies to misdemeanors. Reports of reclassified crimes, such as larceny, fraud, and drug possession, increased city-wide by approximately 15% after the proposition's enactment, with the largest surge occurring in the downtown area. Two new","qid":43,"docid":"gd0v5vfg","rank":4,"score":16.986600875854492},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting stay-at-home orders in the United States led to a decrease in overall crime rates as measured by calls for service to law enforcement. However, this decrease is primarily due to a drop in minor offenses. Serious crimes such as homicide and intimate partner violence have either remained constant or increased. The study suggests that mandatory lockdowns may have placed minor offenders in situations where they are more likely to commit serious crimes against intimate partners or homic","qid":43,"docid":"daxggfj5","rank":5,"score":16.771699905395508},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily routines and presented unique challenges for the criminal justice system. For criminologists, the pandemic offers natural experiment conditions to test theories and observe the effectiveness of policies under heavy conditions. A suggested research agenda includes studying crime trends and justice system challenges under the framework of contagion, containment measures, and social ordinance compliance. The articles in this special issue of the American Journal of Criminal Justice explore traditional crime during the virus, virus-specific","qid":43,"docid":"7eksp1sj","rank":6,"score":16.43470001220703},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in crime rates due to government-ordered stay-at-home orders affecting population routines. This creates a unique quasi-experimental setting for criminologists to study crime trends, using new data sources, and examining specific types, timing, and locations of crimes to understand why, where, when, and to what extent crime changed, and how to reduce future crime.","qid":43,"docid":"lcmkribq","rank":7,"score":15.623700141906738},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to increase the risk and consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV) against vulnerable populations, including minority women and those with mental health issues. Factors contributing to this include economic instability, added home stressors, and social distancing measures. These factors may deter victims from reporting violence, seeking help, and utilizing social services. The paper emphasizes the need for safety planning and self-care for victims and their children.","qid":43,"docid":"ekajojon","rank":8,"score":15.335800170898438},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in cyber-attacks due to heightened anxiety and unique circumstances. The analysis of this paper reveals that cyber-attacks became more prevalent after initial outbreak in China, with some days reporting up to 4 unique attacks. The UK was used as a case study to demonstrate how cyber-criminals utilized key events and governmental announcements to design cyber-crime campaigns.","qid":43,"docid":"j0qperwz","rank":9,"score":15.170100212097168},{"content":"The passage discusses the intersection of the Covid-19 pandemic and the increase in domestic violence (DV) as two public health emergencies. The author argues that government responses to the pandemic disproportionately affect marginalized groups, including women and girls, leading to an increase in DV cases worldwide, including in India. While high-resource countries have prioritized addressing DV during the pandemic, low-resource settings like India face additional challenges but should not neglect responding","qid":43,"docid":"1h5a4bit","rank":10,"score":14.453200340270996},{"content":"The passage discusses the intersection of the Covid-19 pandemic and the increase in domestic violence (DV) as two public health emergencies. The author argues that government responses to the pandemic disproportionately affect marginalized groups, including women and girls, leading to an increase in DV cases worldwide, including in India. While high-resource countries have prioritized addressing DV during the pandemic, low-resource settings like India face additional challenges but should not neglect responding","qid":43,"docid":"clt4l6wz","rank":11,"score":14.45319938659668},{"content":"Family violence, which includes physical, sexual, psychological, and economic abuse, has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to economic stress, instability, and reduced support options. Social isolation measures have exacerbated vulnerabilities and limited accessible support, leading to an increase in demand for domestic violence services and concerns for children not attending schools.","qid":43,"docid":"4jjuwc9r","rank":12,"score":13.76140022277832},{"content":"The passage explores the impact of 2019-nCoV containment policies on crime trends in Los Angeles using Bayesian structural time-series models. The city's response to the virus included social distancing, prohibition of gatherings, and closure of leisure premises, leading to disruptions in daily activities and urban mobility. The study found that overall crime, as well as robbery, shoplifting, theft, and battery, significantly decreased during the","qid":43,"docid":"0rdq6g0b","rank":13,"score":13.691499710083008},{"content":"The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2018-2019 occurred in a conflict zone and is the second largest EVD outbreak in history. The study aimed to understand the impact of violence on EVD transmission using spatial and temporal trends of case counts in health zones that have versus have not experienced recent violent events. The study found that health zones with recently reported violent events had higher estimated transmission rates (","qid":43,"docid":"tydil7d7","rank":14,"score":13.590200424194336},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significant implications for ambulatory gynecologic care, affecting safety and mental health, reproductive life planning, sexually transmitted infections, and routine screening for breast and cervical cancer. Social distancing requirements may increase risks for intimate partner violence and mental health concerns, impact access to contraception and abortion services, interrupt prepregnancy planning, and decrease access to cancer screenings and STIs treatment. Recommendations include","qid":43,"docid":"hlymyzcq","rank":15,"score":13.262999534606934},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic and resulting quarantine measures have raised concerns about the impact on domestic violence. While some reports suggest a decrease in reported cases, the reliability of this data is questionable. Quarantine can increase stress, emotional disappointment, economic hardship, and cramped living conditions, all of which can contribute to domestic violence. It is crucial for public institutions to take this potential increase in abuse seriously and implement measures to prevent and report cases effectively.","qid":43,"docid":"miem1poh","rank":16,"score":12.672599792480469},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic and resulting quarantine measures have raised concerns about the impact on domestic violence. While some reports suggest a decrease in reported cases, the reliability of this data is questionable. Quarantine can increase stress, emotional disappointment, economic hardship, and cramped living conditions, all of which can contribute to domestic violence. It is crucial for public institutions to take this potential increase seriously and implement measures to prevent and report abuse cases.","qid":43,"docid":"onxosato","rank":17,"score":12.672598838806152},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had varying effects on different types of crime, including cybercrime. Using routine activity theory, this study investigates how the pandemic has affected rates of cybervictimization by comparing pre-pandemic and post-pandemic data. The findings suggest that while routines have not significantly changed and cybervictimization rates have remained relatively stable, routine activity theory still effectively predicts cybercrime. Possible explanations for these results include increased","qid":43,"docid":"gjdza9bh","rank":18,"score":12.437899589538574},{"content":"The passage explores the philosophical question of homeopathy's survival in a modern, violent society. Homeopathy, known for its peaceful and personalized approach, faces challenges in a world that prioritizes fast and invasive treatments, despite its effectiveness in chronic diseases. The conclusion suggests that homeopathy may struggle to thrive in this context.","qid":43,"docid":"nidfrd6o","rank":19,"score":12.38640022277832},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant negative impacts on children and adolescents, their families, and communities, including illness, death, social isolation, malnutrition, and exacerbating existing disparities such as racism, poverty, domestic violence, and child maltreatment. These issues are likely to worsen the negative effects on child development and mental health.","qid":43,"docid":"77dtxxd4","rank":20,"score":12.080599784851074},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, experts warn of increased mortality from neglected diseases, including female genital mutilation (FGM), a violation of women's human rights. FGM, which affects 3 million women annually, primarily in Africa and the Middle East, can lead to psychological, sexual, and reproductive health issues, as well as obstetric complications. The pandemic's disruption of protection and health systems may result in more cases of FGM,","qid":43,"docid":"ve9fm15i","rank":21,"score":11.90719985961914},{"content":"The study examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on racial animus towards Asians in the US, using data from Google searches and Twitter posts containing a racial slur. The researchers found an increase in racist searches and tweets following the first local diagnosis of Covid-19, with most of the tweets coming from existing users. This rise in animosity could lead to future hate crimes, as there is a strong correlation between the use of the slur and historical","qid":43,"docid":"6z7oxc2j","rank":22,"score":11.692999839782715},{"content":"The passage discusses the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's reproductive rights and increased risk of violence, particularly for minoritized women. It highlights concerns over shelter-in-place mandates for domestic violence victims and the shaping of public reproductive health policy to disadvantage women. The authors call for bold action from violence prevention leaders, including prioritizing women's needs in medical, social, and legal settings through innovative interventions, urging","qid":43,"docid":"nc74h4tp","rank":23,"score":11.639800071716309},{"content":"A researcher and practitioner discuss the benefits of collaborative research to enhance services for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) during the COVID-19 pandemic. They exchange questions on how shelter clients are coping, ways researchers or community members can help, and considerations for researcher-practitioner partnerships. The dialogue emphasizes the significance of strong partnerships to improve services for trauma survivors during crises.","qid":43,"docid":"gqhbe860","rank":24,"score":11.5556001663208},{"content":"A researcher and practitioner discuss the benefits of collaborative research to enhance services for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) during the COVID-19 pandemic. They exchange questions on how shelter clients are coping, ways researchers and community members can help, and considerations for researcher-practitioner partnerships. The dialogue emphasizes the significance of strong partnerships to improve trauma services during crises.","qid":43,"docid":"wdv74boe","rank":25,"score":11.555599212646484},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic in the US has led to an increase in hate crimes against Asian Americans and vandalism of their businesses. Negative biases and microaggressions towards Asian Americans have also risen due to the disease's association with China. Historically, Asian Americans have been stereotyped as perpetually foreign and linked to infectious diseases. This essay explores the potential repercussions, including the possibility of a renewed panethnic Asian American identity","qid":43,"docid":"uiezqa4p","rank":26,"score":11.477899551391602},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on fraud victimization, particularly affecting those over 50 years old. According to data from the Federal Trade Commission, reports of fraud increased significantly in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, with older adults losing more money and being targeted more frequently for tech support scams. The paper suggests that the pandemic may have a greater financial impact on older adults than younger adults and recommends","qid":43,"docid":"rx7dlpid","rank":27,"score":11.201499938964844},{"content":"The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, known for oil exploration and production, has faced decades of conflict, corruption, political instability, and environmental damage. Amidst this context, a long-running micro-development project, which includes a weekly school-based nutrition program, has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting school closures in Rivers State. Despite the challenges, the nutrition program has adapted to continue in socially distanced forms.","qid":43,"docid":"j7he8x9e","rank":28,"score":11.036700248718262},{"content":"The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, known for oil exploration and production, has faced issues like corruption, political instability, violence, and environmental damage. Oil companies have implemented CSR initiatives to build relations, and humanitarian actors also support local projects. A long-running development project, which includes a weekly nutrition program for schoolchildren, has been affected by the COVID-19 outbreak and school closures in Rivers State. Despite the challenges, the nutrition program has continued in socially distanced forms","qid":43,"docid":"y9n9d6s3","rank":29,"score":11.036699295043945},{"content":"During the coronavirus lockdowns, there have been reports of increased domestic violence and abuse cases. However, it's important to note that the number of abusive men is not increasing, but the frequency and types of abuse are. The crisis keeps both parties confined together, leading to a pattern of abuse that may worsen. It's crucial to remember that domestic violence and abuse are the result of gendered social and cultural norms, not just a reaction to the pandemic","qid":43,"docid":"haps8x4u","rank":30,"score":10.926300048828125},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in various changes in the US, including closed businesses, schools, and public events, leading to an analysis of crime frequency in 16 large cities using police data. SARIMA models forecasted crime trends without the pandemic, which were compared to actual crime frequencies during the early months of the pandemic. No significant changes were found in serious assaults, but some reductions in residential burglary and diverging patterns in motor vehicle thefts were observed.","qid":43,"docid":"tkqufxv8","rank":31,"score":10.910200119018555},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an increase in reports of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), a global issue with underlying causes including the need for perpetrators to exert control. Social distancing, self-isolation, and lockdown policies may exacerbate risk factors for IPV, such as economic stress, substance abuse, and mental health issues. Access to specialized services and healthcare can be compromised during the pandemic, making it more challenging for healthcare professionals to","qid":43,"docid":"0einpgeu","rank":32,"score":10.82349967956543},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected marginalized populations in the United States, including workers of color, individuals from low-income backgrounds, and women. This essay discusses how these groups are overrepresented in sectors most impacted by the pandemic and lack access to decent work. Low-income workers performing essential tasks face economic and work-related implications. Asian Americans are experiencing increased discrimination. Women are dealing with role conflict and stress from managing additional un","qid":43,"docid":"lc4q55ei","rank":33,"score":10.73840045928955},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated labor market inequalities, particularly for marginalized populations in the US, including workers of color, low-income individuals, and women. This essay discusses the disproportionate representation of these groups in sectors most affected by the pandemic, the lack of decent work and increased discrimination for essential low-income workers, and the role conflict and stress for women managing additional unpaid work. The essay calls for research from vocational","qid":43,"docid":"yvnjspsc","rank":34,"score":10.738399505615234},{"content":"A multi-level influence model is proposed to explain how cybercriminals exploit the COVID-19 pandemic through situational factors, victim identification, impersonation, attack methods, and social engineering. The model builds upon previous research on cybercrime influence techniques and emotional appeals, with a focus on situational factors. An analysis of 185 COVID-19 cybercrime incident documents reveals diverse and evolving patterns in these attacks. The insights aim to help end-users","qid":43,"docid":"3nk9kvdy","rank":35,"score":10.690899848937988},{"content":"This paper explores the effect of Covid-19 on community-based violence interventions, focusing on hospital-based initiatives and street outreach organizations. Using experiences from Rochester, New York, it discusses how the pandemic and resulting social restrictions have hindered these organizations' response to violence. The paper also suggests adaptations for continuing services amidst Covid-19 challenges.","qid":43,"docid":"urlsn7vv","rank":36,"score":10.666000366210938},{"content":"The study assessed the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on violent and accidental deaths in Peru using data from the National Death Information System. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted for homicide, suicide, and traffic accidents, stratified by sex and every 15 days. All forms of deaths examined experienced a sudden drop after the lockdown. The biggest reduction was in traffic accidents, with a decrease of 12.66 deaths per million men per month and 3.","qid":43,"docid":"chmmxehj","rank":37,"score":10.566900253295898},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted ambulatory gynecologic care, affecting safety and mental health, reproductive life planning, sexually transmitted infections, and routine screening for breast and cervical cancer. Social distancing requirements may increase risks for intimate partner violence and mental health concerns, impact access to contraception and abortion services, disrupt prepregnancy planning, and decrease access to cancer screenings and STIs treatment. Recommendations include","qid":43,"docid":"mmwezwig","rank":38,"score":10.543499946594238},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for law enforcement agencies in the US, requiring them to contain the spread, serve the community, and maintain order while protecting officers from exposure. The CDC and other agencies have recommended measures such as reassigning personnel, suspending training, and limiting access to facilities. However, communication, resource management, enforcing public health restrictions, and changes to crime patterns present obstacles. Future responses to pandemics should address these challenges to ensure officer","qid":43,"docid":"mvof320m","rank":39,"score":10.434499740600586},{"content":"A deep learning model called COVID-Net was proposed to predict the trajectories of COVID-19 cases and deaths in US counties using LSTM and GRU architecture. The model was validated using data up to May 19, 2020, and produced small Mean Relative Errors for severely affected counties. The model incorporates five risk factors - population exercise access, PM2.5 levels, population size, preventable hospitalization rate, and violent crime rate","qid":43,"docid":"yafo9iie","rank":40,"score":10.40310001373291},{"content":"This study explores the mental health impact of COVID-19 lockdowns through personal stories and newspaper reports from Britain and Sri Lanka. Previous research has examined the epidemiology and language diversity of the pandemic, but none have focused on its societal and mental health consequences. The study uses corpus linguistics to analyze personal stories and newspaper reports, revealing that self-isolation leads to mental health breakdown but also positive emotions like helping and solidarity. British newspapers prioritize government handling","qid":43,"docid":"w5u4zxdb","rank":41,"score":10.334699630737305},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, discriminatory media reports labeling the virus as the \"Chinese virus\" have negatively impacted the mental health of Chinese travelers. This discrimination has led to violent attacks and increased fear and anxiety. Key world leaders, including President Donald Trump, have contributed to this sensationalism. This perspective article discusses the potential effects of misleading media reports on the mental well-being of ethnically Chinese travelers.","qid":43,"docid":"7c72n11m","rank":42,"score":10.2298002243042},{"content":"Boko Haram, a terrorist group in Nigeria, has caused over 20,000 deaths and displaced over one million people since 2009. Initially, the group could not be contained by security forces and held 14 local government districts. They used crude imagery in their propaganda to reinforce the brutality of their attacks on military barracks, markets, mosques, and churches. However, the effectiveness of their propaganda declined as they suffered military defe","qid":43,"docid":"19eawrjt","rank":43,"score":10.19890022277832},{"content":"The final chapter of this analysis focuses on Neill Blomkamp's film \"District 9\" and its exploration of human-alien relationships. The chapter delves into the biopolitical dimensions of the film, examining how desire challenges the violent actions of the multinational security company, Multi-National United. It explores the protagonist's transformation into an alien and his subsequent exclusion from the community, leaving him in a state of bare life. The chapter","qid":43,"docid":"rnsx83hr","rank":44,"score":10.194700241088867},{"content":"A web-based survey was conducted during Germany's lockdown to assess mental health, with 3,545 volunteers participating. Mean age was 40.36 years, 83.1% were female, and 15.2% were male. Thirty-six percent reported physical or mental health issues. Participants showed mild distress, but higher depression and anxiety levels than reference samples. The mean well-being score was low, indicating potential depression. Women","qid":43,"docid":"ov0x3dho","rank":45,"score":10.18970012664795},{"content":"A study analyzed Peruvian death data from 2018 to 2020 during the first 100 days of quarantine to estimate excess deaths caused by COVID-19. The daily death rate decreased during quarantine days without COVID-19 cases, but the excess deaths were 36,230, which is 1.12 times the estimate from 2019 and 4.2 times the COVID-19 deaths","qid":43,"docid":"w57e1eu6","rank":46,"score":10.17240047454834},{"content":"The passage discusses the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus from Wuhan, China, which became a pandemic by March 2020, and the significant impact it has had on moral standards and psychology. Moral injury, a multidisciplinary concept, is explored in the context of disasters and epidemics. Immorality and violence during the outbreak have caused confusion, destruction, and weakening of moral emotions and toughness, leading to varying degrees of moral injury","qid":43,"docid":"2hq2seh5","rank":47,"score":10.151000022888184},{"content":"The passage discusses the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus from Wuhan, China, which became a pandemic by March 2020, and the significant impact it has had on moral standards and psychology. Moral injury, a multidisciplinary concept, is explored in the context of disasters and epidemics. Immorality, violence, injury, and illness during the outbreak have caused confusion, destruction, and weakening of moral emotions and toughness, leading to","qid":43,"docid":"i9jx8qwq","rank":48,"score":10.150999069213867},{"content":"The Coronavirus pandemic has highlighted health and healthcare disparities for black breast cancer patients, who experience disparities in stage of presentation, surgical management, and mortality. Guidelines for surgical delay during the pandemic from major surgical organizations may worsen delays in surgery for this population. Recommendations to mitigate this include tracking time from diagnosis to surgery, documenting reasons for delay, recording selection of breast cancer treatments by race and ethnicity, and collecting data on social","qid":43,"docid":"bcqd56d7","rank":49,"score":10.139100074768066},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic highlights existing socio-economic and health inequalities, including a rise in gender-based violence (GBV). In crises, particularly those involving quarantine, GBV tends to increase. Policymakers should leverage community knowledge, technology, and global guidelines to address this issue early in the COVID-19 response. Women, who are often relegated to care work and excluded from decision-making, are disproportionately affected and","qid":43,"docid":"qaa2e83a","rank":50,"score":10.103500366210938},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic highlights existing socio-economic and health inequalities, including a rise in gender-based violence (GBV). In crises, particularly those involving quarantine, GBV tends to increase. Policymakers should leverage community expertise, technology, and global guidelines to address this issue early in the COVID-19 epidemic. Women, who are often relegated to care work and excluded from response development, are disproportionately affected.","qid":43,"docid":"xjt50jra","rank":51,"score":10.103499412536621},{"content":"The article discusses the psychological trauma experienced by the Indonesian population during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the lack of preparedness, poorly equipped healthcare system, and lockdown policies. Four types of psychological trauma were observed: social withdrawal, hysteria, individual violence, and collective violence. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing both individual and collective reactions to minimize harm from the pandemic.","qid":43,"docid":"824miiwu","rank":52,"score":10.037699699401855},{"content":"The article discusses the psychological trauma experienced by the Indonesian population during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the lack of preparedness, poorly equipped healthcare system, and lockdown policies. Four types of psychological trauma were observed: social withdrawal, hysteria, individual violence, and collective violence. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing both individual and collective reactions to minimize harm from the pandemic.","qid":43,"docid":"bw80dxu7","rank":53,"score":10.037698745727539},{"content":"The Heart Rhythm Society and American Heart Association, in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology, have issued a guidance document to help clinicians and institutions safely resume electrophysiology services for arrhythmia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document covers regional and local COVID-19 disease status, the use of viral screening and serologic testing, return-to-work considerations for healthcare workers, risk stratification and management strategies, institutional preparedness, patient","qid":43,"docid":"334mwg4k","rank":54,"score":9.91569995880127},{"content":"The Heart Rhythm Society and American Heart Association, in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology, have issued a guidance document to help clinicians and institutions safely resume electrophysiology services for arrhythmia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document covers regional and local COVID-19 disease status, the use of viral screening and serologic testing, return-to-work considerations for healthcare workers, risk stratification and management strategies, institutional preparedness, patient","qid":43,"docid":"cwceforo","rank":55,"score":9.915699005126953},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic increases risks for victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Rhode Island. This article discusses the current situation and recommends telehealth practices for IPV screening and intervention. Special attention is given to undocumented immigrant victims and their unique vulnerabilities and needs.","qid":43,"docid":"bbu44tg2","rank":56,"score":9.891200065612793},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic increases risks for victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Rhode Island. This article discusses the current situation and recommends telehealth practices for IPV screening and intervention. It also focuses on the challenges faced by undocumented immigrant victims and suggests ways for healthcare providers to address their specific vulnerabilities.","qid":43,"docid":"cfwda1sw","rank":57,"score":9.891199111938477},{"content":"The passage discusses the impact of social distancing and lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic on crime rates in one UK police force area. The study found that all recorded crime declined by 41% within a week of the lockdown, with varying degrees of decrease for different crime types. Shoplifting and other theft were inelastic but responsive to reduced retail sector mobility, while burglary dwelling was elastic to increases in residential area mobility, and assault was","qid":43,"docid":"kzpbjvy5","rank":58,"score":9.8572998046875},{"content":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals involved in dysphagia care face challenges due to virus exposure and new safety guidelines. Recommendations from professional societies address procedures, timing, and risk reduction during dysphagia assessments and interventions. Balancing safety and evidence-based practices is a significant challenge. This paper provides current evidence on COVID-19 transmission during dysphagia practices and recommends protective measures. It also summarizes current understanding of dysphag","qid":43,"docid":"2el128an","rank":59,"score":9.848299980163574},{"content":"The passage discusses the shift in social justice advocacy teaching in classrooms and the increase in hate speech and hate crimes since the 2016 election. The authors conducted a survey of participants in the 2017 Women's March to understand their prior activism experience, motivation for attending, and post-march plans. The survey found that gender equality was a major concern for many marchers, particularly economic and social equity issues. The authors suggest that the findings highlight the","qid":43,"docid":"xmc10kv0","rank":60,"score":9.831899642944336},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected different parts of the world with varying responses and preparedness levels. Africa's late arrival to the virus allows for learning from successful methods in early-hit countries like Singapore. This article suggests adapting Singapore's pandemic response model for Africa, considering regional differences and unique challenges. The lessons learned from the pandemic will be crucial for future health crises and planetary health issues.","qid":43,"docid":"2y4sjdtm","rank":61,"score":9.82759952545166},{"content":"The Heart Rhythm Society, American Heart Association, and American College of Cardiology have issued guidance for clinicians and institutions on resuming safe electrophysiology care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The document covers regional and local disease status, viral screening and serologic testing, return-to-work considerations, risk stratification and management strategies, institutional preparedness, patient preparation and communication, prioritization of procedures, and development of outpatient and periproced","qid":43,"docid":"7ciy1f6r","rank":62,"score":9.822600364685059},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant and long-lasting effects on mental health globally, with the full impact yet to be determined. This special issue focuses on understanding how the pandemic is affecting mental health services in Ireland and internationally. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 reach various sectors of society, and this issue features perspectives from multiple disciplines and healthcare settings. Innovation and collaboration are key to addressing population mental health during and after the pandemic.","qid":43,"docid":"hze88sr4","rank":63,"score":9.82040023803711},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant and long-lasting effects on mental health globally, with the full impact yet to be determined. This special issue focuses on understanding how the pandemic is affecting mental health services in Ireland and internationally. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 reach various sectors of society, and this issue features perspectives from multiple disciplines and healthcare settings. Innovation and collaboration are key to addressing population mental health during and after the pandemic.","qid":43,"docid":"wbwd7m5w","rank":64,"score":9.820399284362793},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and related measures to contain it have brought about unintended negative consequences, including increased risks of domestic violence, particularly against children and their mothers. Domestic violence, which includes intimate partner violence, is a range of abuses that occur within a domestic space.","qid":43,"docid":"1uwdekl3","rank":65,"score":9.813599586486816},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant health and socioeconomic costs for countries, and the focus is on recovery while mitigating the consequences of social isolation. Children have not been as affected by the virus as older adults but have experienced negative impacts from school closures. Reopening schools is crucial for recovery, and children's interests should be prioritized in the process. The question is how to address their needs within the context of society's perception of children -","qid":43,"docid":"gdz63spj","rank":66,"score":9.7923002243042},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant health and socioeconomic costs for countries, and the focus is on recovery while mitigating the consequences of social isolation. Children have not been as affected by the virus as older adults but have experienced negative impacts from school closures. Reopening schools is crucial for recovery, and children's interests should be prioritized in the recovery plan. The question is how to address their needs, whether viewing them as pawns, path","qid":43,"docid":"gyilcbr7","rank":67,"score":9.792299270629883},{"content":"The popularity of the Internet and cloud computing, which began in the late 1990s, has brought about both positive and negative effects, including a surge in Internet crime. With the increasing use of smartphones and mobile Internet, cloud computing has become more prevalent, allowing programs to run on multiple connected computers in different locations at a reduced cost. However, this distributed nature of cloud computing presents challenges for law enforcement in dealing with trans- and multijurisdictional cybercrimes","qid":43,"docid":"62cc135r","rank":68,"score":9.704299926757812},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic and resulting containment policies led to decreases in crime in some areas, but the extent of this decline varies by crime type and location. This study examines burglary in Detroit during March 2020, a period of significant changes in routine activities. The analysis is based on 879 block groups, distinguishing those primarily residential from those with mixed land use. The study divides the month into three periods: pre-containment,","qid":43,"docid":"g2mjj7my","rank":69,"score":9.680899620056152},{"content":"A study examining the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on domestic violence in Dallas, Texas, found a short-term spike in incidents during the first two weeks of the lockdown, but a decrease thereafter. However, it's unclear if the lockdown was the sole cause, as domestic violence trends were already increasing prior to the order.","qid":43,"docid":"7o6ij2qj","rank":70,"score":9.674200057983398},{"content":"The passage discusses the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on children, who are less affected medically but experience greater psychological burden due to quarantine, school closure, lack of outdoor activity, and disrupted dietary and sleeping habits. Domestic violence, child abuse, and exposure to adulterated online content have increased. Children from single parent households, frontline workers, and marginalized communities face unique challenges. To mitigate the psychosocial effects, it is crucial to","qid":43,"docid":"k30mv20e","rank":71,"score":9.65880012512207},{"content":"The passage discusses the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on children, who are less affected medically but experience greater psychological burden due to quarantine, school closure, lack of outdoor activity, and disrupted dietary and sleeping habits. Domestic violence, child abuse, and exposure to adulterated online content have increased. Children from single parent households, frontline workers, and marginalized communities face unique challenges. Parents, healthcare professionals, social workers, and organizations must prior","qid":43,"docid":"q0ubeurh","rank":72,"score":9.658799171447754},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the access and delivery of cancer therapies worldwide, as patients with cancer are at higher risk for severe infection and potential treatment compromises. A global oncology pharmacy perspective, prepared by the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners with input from 42 practice leaders in 28 countries and regions, highlights challenges related to safe handling of hazardous drugs and maintaining high-quality medication safety standards during the pandemic.","qid":43,"docid":"cc3grzjj","rank":73,"score":9.609399795532227},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the access and delivery of cancer therapies worldwide, as patients with cancer are at higher risk for severe infection and potential adverse outcomes from treatment compromises. A global oncology pharmacy perspective, prepared by the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners with input from 42 practice leaders in 28 countries and regions, highlights challenges related to safe handling of hazardous drugs and maintaining high-quality medication safety standards during","qid":43,"docid":"i6axnscr","rank":74,"score":9.60939884185791},{"content":"The passage discusses a study comparing autopsy case characteristics during the first month of Greece's COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 to the same period in 2019. No significant differences were found in gender, age, nationality, or place of death. However, there was an increased number of cases in the 70-79 age group in 2020. The percentage increase of out-of-hospital deaths was not","qid":43,"docid":"186nc4ue","rank":75,"score":9.594200134277344},{"content":"The study compared autopsy cases from the first month of the lockdown period for COVID-19 in Greece in 2019 and 2020. No significant differences were found in gender, age, and nationality. An increase in cases within the age group 70-79 years was observed in 2020. The percentage increase of out-of-hospital deaths was not statistically significant. The drop of violent deaths and sudden\/un","qid":43,"docid":"7gw6a6nv","rank":76,"score":9.594199180603027},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting household isolation have led to an increased risk of domestic violence and abuse (DVA), with facial injuries being the most common physical manifestation. Dentists, dental care professionals, oral surgeons, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons are crucial in identifying patients experiencing DVA and making referrals to specialist agencies. This paper outlines sensitive questioning techniques and appropriate referral processes to help prevent DVA situations from escalating and potentially saving lives","qid":43,"docid":"cf26y8t6","rank":77,"score":9.573399543762207},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in pediatric gastroenterology fellowship training in North America. A survey of 77 program directors revealed that 66% of them reported being under a \"stay-at-home\" order for a median of 4 weeks. Outpatient telehealth was implemented in 76% of programs, and fellows stopped participating in outpatient clinics and endoscopy in 43% and 52%","qid":43,"docid":"2pfeogz0","rank":78,"score":9.521900177001953},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in pediatric gastroenterology fellowship training in North America. A survey of 77 program directors revealed that 66% of them reported being under a \"stay-at-home\" order for a median of 4 weeks. Outpatient telehealth was implemented in 76% of programs, and fellows stopped participating in outpatient clinics and endoscopy in 43% and 52%","qid":43,"docid":"sdrst5nm","rank":79,"score":9.521899223327637},{"content":"The article by Gopalan and Misra provides an informative summary of the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The authors discuss the socio-economic and medical impacts of the epidemic, including the effects on jobs, businesses, transportation, travel, and the resulting decrease in the country's GDP. Daily wagers and local business personnel have been disproportionately affected.","qid":43,"docid":"380sajt9","rank":80,"score":9.512200355529785},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected bariatric surgery practices worldwide, leading to the postponement or cancellation of elective surgeries and appointments. A survey of 169 bariatric surgeons revealed that most had postponed preoperative endoscopies, outpatient clinic visits, and bariatric operations. Video calls were used for follow-up appointments, and laparoscopy remained the preferred treatment for surgical emerg","qid":43,"docid":"2ozl0v9l","rank":81,"score":9.502900123596191},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected bariatric surgery practices worldwide, leading to the postponement or cancellation of elective surgeries and appointments. A survey of 169 bariatric surgeons revealed that most had postponed preoperative endoscopies, outpatient clinic visits, and bariatric operations. Video calls were used for follow-up appointments, and laparoscopy remained the preferred treatment for surgical emerg","qid":43,"docid":"l2f96uvv","rank":82,"score":9.502899169921875},{"content":"This study explores the experiences of eight South African NGO counsellors in helping women leave violent intimate partner relationships. They described creating caring dynamics and non-directive counseling, but also providing moral guidance, especially when pregnancy or children were involved. Success was defined as the women leaving the relationship, leading to counsellor happiness, while failure resulted in anger and burn-out. The authors conclude that these challenges stem from patriarchal systems and suggest implications for practice and training.","qid":43,"docid":"eahx37cy","rank":83,"score":9.498600006103516},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique risks for individuals experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) both in the US and abroad. This commentary discusses how the pandemic may be exacerbating IPV and proposes strategies to reduce IPV risk during crises. (Summary generated using text-summarization techniques)","qid":43,"docid":"vpptmanx","rank":84,"score":9.49470043182373},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges in protecting individuals experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) both in the US and abroad. This commentary discusses how the pandemic may heighten IPV risk and proposes strategies to reduce IPV during crises. (Summary generated using text-summarization techniques)","qid":43,"docid":"zbv1ilyx","rank":85,"score":9.494699478149414},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in intimate partner violence (IPV), resulting in physical and mental health issues. Radiologists can make a difference by recognizing typical IPV injury patterns, asking potential victims about the cause of injury, and being familiar with support systems for IPV victims in their institutions. Emergency and radiology departments should also review and update their protocols for identifying and supporting IPV victims, and train staff to collaborate in implementing these measures during and","qid":43,"docid":"0gaipzlh","rank":86,"score":9.441200256347656},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to deregulation in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), resulting in significant changes such as the release of nonviolent drug offenders and relaxed regulations on addiction treatment medications. These reforms, while long-sought after by practitioners and advocates, come with challenges as old systems are deeply entrenched. Researchers should evaluate these changes and their impact on OUD treatment, using the pandemic as a natural experiment in legal","qid":43,"docid":"pg5ts74v","rank":87,"score":9.371800422668457},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to deregulation in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), resulting in significant changes such as the release of nonviolent drug offenders and the relaxation of regulations surrounding addiction treatment medications. These reforms, which have been advocated for years, present opportunities for evaluation by legal epidemiology as natural experiments. However, the old systems are entrenched and resilient, making it crucial for researchers to assess these changes and synt","qid":43,"docid":"sx8d9j72","rank":88,"score":9.37179946899414},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic and related measures to contain its spread are increasing the risk of family violence globally. Many countries have reported a surge in domestic violence cases. While there is no clear academic precedent for this crisis, studying the impact of natural disasters on family violence reports may offer insight. Strengthening collaborations between human welfare and animal welfare agencies, expanding community partnerships, and raising public awareness about reporting any signs of abuse are crucial actions to mitigate the issue.","qid":43,"docid":"v9fdn4uu","rank":89,"score":9.340999603271484},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts routine health care delivery, posing challenges for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients face limitations in accessing health services, medications, imaging, and cardiac rehabilitation, while lifestyle habits and mental health are also affected. The Position Statement recommends delivering safe ongoing access to healthcare professionals and utilizing electronic health platforms to transform secondary prevention. Integrating research on these approaches can provide insights for optimal secondary prevention","qid":43,"docid":"bc7q8swu","rank":90,"score":9.304100036621094},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts routine health care delivery, posing challenges for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients face limitations in accessing health services, medications, imaging, and cardiac rehabilitation, while lifestyle habits and mental health are also affected. The Position Statement recommends ensuring safe access to healthcare professionals and evidence-based therapies, and increasing the use of electronic health platforms for secondary prevention. Research programs evaluating the","qid":43,"docid":"vxw4dvnb","rank":91,"score":9.304099082946777},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the flaws of hyper consumption and perpetual growth models, leading to unintended degrowth in the tourism industry. This crisis presents an opportunity for a economic and social reset, shifting priorities towards greater social and environmental wellbeing and meaningful human connections. Non-western alternatives like the South American concept of Buen Vivir can guide this transformation in tourism, focusing on localized and slow tourism that benefits both host communities and tourists. Buen Vivir","qid":43,"docid":"iflnrp22","rank":92,"score":9.299099922180176},{"content":"The Covid-19 pandemic, which emerged in China and spread to Turkey in early 2020, left a significant impact on Turkish society. A study assessing public attitude towards the pandemic through data from 1586 people revealed high sensitivity to the virus, maximum protection efforts, and above-average social trust. These findings indicate a substantial impact of Covid-19 on Turkish society in terms of psychological, social, and economic aspects.","qid":43,"docid":"98dztptq","rank":93,"score":9.248800277709961},{"content":"The passage emphasizes the increased risk for domestic violence victims during the COVID-19 pandemic due to shelter-in-place instructions. Home, which is supposed to be a safe haven, can be a dangerous place for survivors. Containment policies may lead to higher rates of domestic violence, substance abuse, anxiety, depression, and suicide. Financial insecurity and job losses can exacerbate at-risk relationships and lead to violence.","qid":43,"docid":"er50rvxw","rank":94,"score":9.190600395202637},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on children in India, disrupting various aspects of their lives including health, development, learning, and family economic security. The UN, WHO, UNICEF, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience are raising concerns about the potential long-term consequences and urging action to support children's mental health. The disruptions may lead to mental health issues","qid":43,"docid":"8bu6xadf","rank":95,"score":9.17650032043457},{"content":"The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures are causing significant disruptions to children's lives in India, affecting their health, development, learning, behavior, and families' economic security. The UN, WHO, UNICEF, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience are raising concerns about the long-term consequences for children and urging action to minimize mental health issues through screening.","qid":43,"docid":"swgb2tzx","rank":96,"score":9.176499366760254},{"content":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) literature has grown exponentially since its identification in January 2020, with over 4000 publications. A review of MEDLINE and neurosurgical societies' websites identified 38 relevant manuscripts and 57 documents. These documents provided suggestions for neurosurgical patient care, operational models, and regional or departmental models during the pandemic. Neurosurgical societies will play","qid":43,"docid":"5234vpfi","rank":97,"score":9.163100242614746},{"content":"This paper examines the geographical impacts of Covid-19 and outlines a plan for studying its long-term effects. The author explores the relationship between a country's health security capacities and Covid-19 mortalities, and examines how economic, governance, and cultural contexts mediate the public health impacts of the virus. The paper concludes by reflecting on the potential post-pandemic reconfiguration of state-market-society relationships and the","qid":43,"docid":"7hqai3wj","rank":98,"score":9.160400390625},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential years of life lost (YLL) due to the psychosocial consequences of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, using Switzerland as an example. The study focused on the impact of suicide, depression, alcohol use disorder, childhood trauma, changes in marital status, and social isolation. The average person is projected to lose 0.205 YLL, but 2.1% of the population will bear the brunt of the loss, averaging","qid":43,"docid":"lbrpbhpg","rank":99,"score":9.138699531555176},{"content":"The passage discusses the potential years of life lost (YLL) due to the psychosocial consequences of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, using Switzerland as an example. The study focused on the impact of suicide, depression, alcohol use disorder, childhood trauma, changes in marital status, and social isolation. The average person is projected to lose 0.205 YLL, but 2.1% of the population will bear the brunt of the loss, averaging","qid":43,"docid":"p077nn3o","rank":100,"score":9.13869857788086}]}