to whom did the virgin mary allegedly appear in 1858 in lourdes france ? what is in front of the notre dame main building ? the basilica of the sacred heart at notre dame is beside to which structure ? what is the grotto at notre dame ? what sits on top of the main building at notre dame ? when did the scholastic magazine of notre dame begin publishing ? how often is notre dame 's the juggler published ? what is the daily student paper at notre dame called ? how many student news papers are found at notre dame ? in what year did the student paper common sense begin publication at notre dame ? where is the headquarters of the congregation of the holy cross ? what is the primary seminary of the congregation of the holy cross ? what is the oldest structure at notre dame ? what individuals live at fatima house at notre dame ? which prize did frederick buechner create ? how many bs level degrees are offered in the college of engineering at notre dame ? in what year was the college of engineering at notre dame formed ? before the creation of the college of engineering similar studies were carried out at which notre dame college ? how many departments are within the stinson-remick hall of engineering ? the college of science began to offer civil engineering courses beginning at what time at notre dame ? what entity provides help with the management of time for new students at notre dame ? how many colleges for undergraduates are at notre dame ? what was created at notre dame in 1962 to assist first year students ? which organization declared the first year of studies program at notre dame `` outstanding ? '' the granting of doctorate degrees first occurred in what year at notre dame ? what type of degree is an m.div .? which program at notre dame offers a master of education degree ? in what year was a master of arts course first offered at notre dame ? which department at notre dame is the only one to not offer a phd program ? what institute at notre dame studies the reasons for violent conflict ? what is the title of notre dame 's theodore hesburgh ? in what year was the joan b. kroc institute for international peace studies founded ? to whom was john b. kroc married ? what company did ray kroc own ? how many stories tall is the main library at notre dame ? what is the name of the main library at notre dame ? in what year was the theodore m. hesburgh library at notre dame finished ? which artist created the mural on the theodore m. hesburgh library ? what is a common name to reference the mural created by millard sheets at notre dame ? how many incoming students did notre dame admit in fall 2015 ? what percentage of students were admitted to notre dame in fall 2015 ? where does notre dame rank in terms of academic profile among research universities in the us ? what percentage of students at notre dame participated in the early action program ? how many miles does the average student at notre dame travel to study there ? where did u.s. news & world report rank notre dame in its 2015-2016 university rankings ? forbes.com placed notre dame at what position compared to other us research universities ? the undergrad school at the mendoza college of business was ranked where according to businessweek ? in 2014 what entity named notre dame 10th best of all american universities ? what percentage of notre dame students decide to study abroad ? what person was the director of the science museum at notre dame in the late 19th century ? what was the lifespan of john augustine zahm ? what program did john augustine zahm come to co-direct at nore dame ? what book did john zahm write in 1896 ? what professorship did father josh carrier hold at notre dame ? in what year did albert zahm begin comparing aeronatical models at notre dame ? which professor sent the first wireless message in the usa ? in what year did jerome green send his first wireless message ? which individual worked on projects at notre dame that eventually created neoprene ? what did the brother of john zahm construct at notre dame ? work on a germ-free-life ended up in the creation of which notre dame institute ? around what time did lobund of notre dame become independent ? in what year did lobund at notre dame become an institute ? the lobund institute was merged into the department of biology at notre dame in what year ? when did study of a germ-free-life begin at notre dame ? gurian created what in 1939 at notre dame ? what was the review of politics inspired by ? over how many years did gurian edit the review of politics at notre dame ? thomas stritch was an editor of which publican from notre dame ? who was the president of notre dame in 2012 ? the kellogg institute for international studies is part of which university ? what does the kroc institute at notre dame focus on ? in what year did notre dame begin to host the global adaptation index ? what threat does the global adaptation index study ? how many undergrads were attending notre dame in 2014 ? what percentage of students at notre dame are the children of former notre dame students ? how many teams participate in the notre dame bookstore basketball tournament ? for what cause is money raised at the bengal bouts tournament at notre dame ? how many students in total were at notre dame in 2014 ? what percentage of undergrads live on the notre dame campus ? how many student housing areas are reserved for notre dame 's graduate students ? how many dorms for males are on the notre dame campus ? what amount of the graduate student body at notre dame live on the campus ? there are how many dorms for females at notre dame ? what is congregation of holy cross in latin ? what percentage of notre dame students feel they are christian ? how often is catholic mass held at notre dame in a week ? how many chapels are on the notre dame campus ? what amount of the student body of notre dame identifies as catholic ? what was the music hall at notre dame called ? in what year was the main building at notre dame razed in a fire ? who was the president of notre dame in 1879 ? on what date was the rebuilding of the main building begun at notre dame after the fire that claimed the previous ? what did the science hall at notre dame come to be known as ? what type of education was pushed at notre dame before its embracing of national standards ? which college did notre dame add in 1921 ? in 1919 a new president of notre dame was named , who was it ? over how many years did the change to national standards undertaken at notre dame in the early 20th century take place ? those who attended a jesuit college may have been forbidden from joining which law school due to the curricula at the jesuit institution ? the notre dame football team got a new head coach in 1918 , who was it ? what was the amount of wins knute rockne attained at notre dame while head coach ? in what year did the team lead by knute rockne win the rose bowl ? how many years was knute rockne head coach at notre dame ? how many national titles were won when knute rockne coached at notre dame ? catholic people identified with notre dame , what religious group did people feel yale represented ? notre dame students had a showdown in 1924 with which anti-catholic group ? which college president of notre dame is credited with preventing more confrontations between students and the kkk ? what type of event did the klan intend to have at notre dame in march of 1924 ? where did notre dame students and the kkk have their encounter ? which person became vice-president of notre dame in 1933 ? who was the president of notre dame in 1934 ? irvin abell was given what award by notre dame ? which year was the laetare medal first given out at notre dame ? for whos glory did father o'hara believed that the notre dame football team played ? around the time that rev. cavanaugh became president of notre dame by how much did the undergrad student body of notre dame increase ? which institute involving animal life did cavanaugh create at notre dame ? what is o'shaughnessy hall of notre dame formerly known as ? which president did notre dame have in 1947 ? outside of an institute studying animals , what other institute did cavanugh create at notre dame ? what was the lifespan of theodore hesburgh ? in the time that hesburgh was president of notre dame by what factor did the operating budget increase ? what was the size of the notre dame endowment when theodore hesburgh became president ? during what years was theodor hesburgh president of notre dame ? how many faculty members were at notre dame when hesburgh left the role of president ? what type of educational institute is hesburgh given credit for creating at notre dame ? which role did charles sheedy have at notre dame ? what title did thomas blantz have at notre dame ? in what year did notre dame have its earliest undergraduate that was female ? with what institute did notre dame agree to an exchange program in the 1960s ? during what years was edward malloy president of notre dame ? what was the sat score , on average , at notre dame when edward malloy became president ? when malloy became president of notre dame what was the size of the endowment ? when malloy reached the end of his time as president how much annuals funding for research did notre dame have ? the amount of professors at notre dame increased by what amount under malloy ? when did john jenkins become the president of notre dame ? in terms of the amount of presidents notre dame has had , where is john jenkins on the list ? who was the notre dame president that preceded john jenkins ? which arena was constructed under jenkins at notre dame ? how much money was spent on enhancing notre dame stadium under john jenkins ? which congregation is in charge of the old college at notre dame ? what structure is found on the location of the original church of father sorin at notre dame ? in which architectural style is the basilica of the sacred heart at notre dame made ? which individual painted the inside of the basilica of the sacred heart at notre dame ? in what year was the grotto of our lady of lourdes at notre dame constructed ? which person oversaw the creation of a science hall at notre dame in 1883 ? in what year did the student union building at notre dame get renamed to lafortune center ? after which individual was the lafortune center notre dame named ? how large in square feet is the lafortune center at notre dame ? what is the annual budget of notre dame 's lafortune center ? how many halls are at notre dame that house students ? which library was built at notre dame in 1963 ? how many books are housed at the theodore hesburgh library ? construction for which hall started on march 8th 2007 at notre dame ? which baseball stadium is found at notre dame ? in what year did notre dame create the office of sustainability ? what percentage of the food served at notre dame is locally grown ? notre dame got a `` b '' for its sustainability practices from which entity ? gustavo gutierrez is faculty of which institute ? in what year did notre dame first have a facility in england ? at which location is the london center operated by notre dame found ? notre dame has a center in beijing , what is it referred to as ? in what year did the suffolk street location start to house a notre dame facility ? what was notre dame 's first college ? in what year was the the college of arts and letters at notre dame created ? in what year did the college of arts and letters at notre dame grant its first degree ? on which university did notre dame base its curriculum on ? how many ba majors does the college of arts and letters at notre dame offer ? which president at notre dame created the college of science ? in what year was the notre dame college of science formed ? how many years long was a scientific course under patrick dillon at notre dame ? which hall at notre dame contains the current college of science ? how many undergrad students attend the college of science at notre dame today ? in 1899 notre dame formed which college ? in what building is the current school of architecture housed at notre dame ? what length is the course of study at the notre dame school of architecture ? in which location do students of the school of architecture of notre dame spend their 3rd year ? which prestigious prize does the school of architecture at notre dame give out ? in what year did the opening of a theology library at notre dame occur ? where is the theology library at notre dame ? how many books are held by the notre dame libraries ? currently where does notre dame 's library rank in the nation ? what caused many intellectual catholics to leave europe in the 1930s ? from where did anton-hermann chroust come to reach notre dame ? what field of study did anton-hermann chroust specialize in ? who did waldemar gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate ? what was ivan meštrović known for being ? the school known as notre dame is known by a more lengthy name , what is it ? what type of institution is the notre dame ? the french words notre dame du lac translate to what in english ? who is the patron saint of notre dame ? how large is notre dame in acres ? what caused notre dame to become notable in the early 20th century ? which 20th century notre dame football coach is most notable ? which athletic association are the student athletes at notre dame a part of ? how many students at notre dame received the heisman trophy ? there were multiple students from notre dame who entered the pro football hall of fame , how many ? where among us universities does notre dame rank ? how many individual colleges are part of notre dame ? which prize does the architecture school at notre dame give out ? how many doctorate and masters programs are available at notre dame ? which art museum does notre dame administer ? in what year was father edward sorin given two years to create a college ? which individual offered land to father edward sorin ? which church was father edward sorin representing ? on what date did brothers from holy cross arrive at the future location of notre dame ? which structure was the first used for the purposes of the college ? in what year did the initial degrees get handed out at notre dame ? in what year did the original sorin built main building get replaced ? which individual began a library at notre dame ? in what year had the library at notre dame reach 10,000 books ? in what year was the library at notre dame started ? which television station finds its home at notre dame ? how many programs did ndtv feature in 2002 ? which radio station provides radio to the students of notre dame at 88.9 fm ? which internet radio station of notre dame is served as an internet stream ? how much is eddy street commons at notre dame expected to cost ? when was ground broke on the eddy street commons project of notre dame ? who is the developer of eddy street commons ? which entity did notre dame hire to build a parking structure outside of eddy street commons ? there were protested as a part of the construction at eddy street commons , they came due tot he hiring of whom ? what does the acronym ncaa stand for ? which league did notre dame fighting irish teams participate in in 1982 ? what when conference do the notre dame fencing teams take part in ? there is a conference that the male hockey team of notre dame competes in , what is it ? in what conference did the fighting irish take part in in 2012 ? to what conference did the fighting irish go after the big east ? how many teams in each season do the fighting irish commit to play against acc opponents ? where did the fighting irish hockey team compete prior to a move to hockey east , in terms of conference ? what colors are the official ones used by notre dame in sport competition ? what type of mascot do the notre dame sport teams have ? who currently provides uniforms to notre dame sport teams ? what is the value of the contract between under armour and notre dame ? when did the notre dame marching band form ? what is notable about the notre dame marching band ? what is the notre dame fight song ? which team did notre dame 's football team find inspiration from ? in what year did notre dame football begin ? what university is notre dame tied with in terms of most heisman trophy winners ? against which team does notre dame compete for the jeweled shillelagh ? in terms of notre dame students in the college football hall of fame the amount of students named is what ? what notable football player played at notre dame from 1916 to 1920 ? against which opponent did knute rockne tell his team to `` win one for the gipper ? '' which person portrayed knute rockne in the 1940 movie `` knute rockne ? '' ronald reagan played the role of whom in 1940 's `` knute rockne ? '' how many seats are in notre dame stadium ? what is displayed at zahm house for football home games at notre dame ? what occurs at midnight preceding a football home game at notre dame ? from where does the band of the fighting irish lead a march to the notre dame stadium for football home games ? what songs does the trumpet section of the band of the fighting irish play preceding home football games ? on what day do notre dame home football games occur ? how many wins does the notre dame men 's basketball team have ? how many schools have a similar men 's basketball record to notre dame in terms of wins ? how many ncaa tournaments did the notre dame men 's basketball team take part in ? which notre dame men 's basketball player has the record for more points in one game ? who was the notre dame men 's basketball coach in 2014 ? who wrote the original lyrics to the notre dame victory march ? in what year did michael j. shea graduate from notre dame ? who is responsible for writing the music for `` notre dame victory march ? '' in what year did `` notre dame victory march '' get copyrighted ? to where are the loyal sons in `` notre dame fight song '' marching ? ronald reagan had a nickname , what was it ? in what film did a parody of the `` win one for the gipper '' speech appear ? who starred as daniel ruettiger in the film rudy ? which person was a former comrade to ted striker in the film airplane !? pat o'brien portrayed which person in the film knute rockne ? which secretary of state attended notre dame ? which notre dame alum from the college of science won a nobel prize ? who is the current president of notre dame ? mariel zagunis is notable for winning what ? which notable astronaut is known to have attended notre dame ? when did beyonce start becoming popular ? what areas did beyonce compete in when she was growing up ? when did beyonce leave destiny 's child and become a solo singer ? in what city and state did beyonce grow up ? in which decade did beyonce become famous ? in what r&b group was she the lead singer ? 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after what movie portraying etta james , did beyonce create sasha fierce ? when did destiny 's child end their group act ? what was the name of beyoncé 's second solo album ? what was beyoncé 's first acting job , in 2006 ? who is beyoncé married to ? what is the name of beyoncé 's alter-ego ? in her music , what are some recurring elements in them ? time magazine named her one of the most 100 what people of the century ? which magazine declared her the most dominant woman musician ? in which decade did the recording industry association of america recognize beyonce as the the top certified artist ? what magazine rated beyonce as the most powerful female musician in 2015 ? how did beyonce describe herself as a feminist ? in which years did time rate beyonce in the 100 most influential people in the world ? how many records has beyonce sold in her 19 year career ? how many records did beyoncé sell as part of destiny 's child ? after leaving destiny 's child , how many records did beyoncé release under her own name ? how many grammy awards has beyoncé won ? what magazine named beyoncé as the most powerful female musician for 2015 ? beyonce 's younger sibling also sang with her in what band ? where did beyonce get her name from ? what race was beyonce 's father ? beyonce 's childhood home believed in what religion ? beyonce 's father worked as a sales manager for what company ? beyonce 's mother worked in what industry ? what younger sister of beyonce also appeared in destiny 's child ? beyonce is a descendent of what arcadian leader ? what company did beyoncé 's father work for when she was a child ? what did beyoncé 's mother own when beyoncé was a child ? what is the name of beyoncé 's younger sister ? beyoncé is a descendant of which acadian leader ? beyoncé was raised in what religion ? what town did beyonce go to school in ? who was the first person to notice beyonce 's singing ability ? beyonce moved to which town after she left her first elementary school ? which of her teachers discovered beyonce 's musical talent ? i which church was beyonce a member and soloist in the choir ? what type of school was parker elementary school ? which song did beyonce sing to win a competition at age 7 ? what city was beyoncé 's elementary school located in ? what was the name of beyoncé 's first dance instructor ? how old was beyoncé when she won a school talent show ? what choir did beyoncé sing in for two years ? who decided to place beyonce 's group in star search the talent show ? in 1995 , who decided to manage the girls singing group ? who was the first record label to give the girls a record deal ? who brought beyonce to california and enter her group in star search ? in what year did beyonce 's father quit his job to manage her group ? what large record company recorded beyonce 's group 's first album ? what record company first signed beyonce 's group and later cut them ? at what age did beyonce meet latavia robertson ? how old was beyoncé when she met latavia roberson ? what was the name of the first group beyoncé was a part of ? who placed girl 's tyme in star search ? when did beyoncé begin to manage the girl group ? who signed the girl group on october 5 , 1995 ? which film featured destiny 's child 's first major single ? for which song , did destiny 's child take home the grammy award for best r&b performance ? who did beyonce record with for the movie `` the best man ? '' beyonce 's group changed their name to destiny 's child in what year ? the name destiny 's child was based on a quote in which book of the bible ? debut song , `` killing time '' was featured on what movie 's sound track ? what song won best r&b performance in the 43 annual grammy awards ? what singer did beyonce record a song with for the movie , '' the best man '' ? where did destiny 's child get their name from ? destiny 's child song , killing time , was included in which film 's soundtrack ? what was destiny 's child 's first major song hit ? when did destiny 's child release their second album ? who did beyoncé sing a duet with for `` the best man '' film ? what mental health issue did beyonce go through ? what event occured after she was publicly criticized ? who supported beyonce through her depression ? what event caused beyonce 's depression ? how long was beyonce depressed ? who helped beyonce fight her depression the most ? who replaced luckett and roberson in destiny 's child ? who was blamed for luckett and roberson leaving destiny 's child ? who helped beyoncé overcome her depression during the years following the destiny 's child split ? which newest member was removed from destiny 's child ? `` charlie 's angels '' featured which single from the band members ? how many weeks did their single `` independent women part i '' stay on top ? for what network , did beyonce land a major movie role in ? their third album , survivor , sold how many during its first week ? what french composer wrote the original opera '' carmen '' in the 19th century ? what album caused a lawsuit to be filed in 2001 ? independent women part i was on which 2000 film 's soundtrack ? which film did beyoncé star in 2001 with mekhi phifer ? what was the name of destiny child 's third album ? who filed a lawsuit over survivor ? when did destiny 's child announce their hiatus ? who did beyonce star with in the movie , `` austin powers in goldmember '' ? which three countries did beyonce 's song `` work it out '' achieve top ten status ? beyonce starred with cuba gooding jr. in which film ? who did beyonce record the lead single with in the movie `` the fighting temptations '' ? which other song from the soundtrack did better in the charts ? what film did beyonce appear in with mike myers ? what large amount did the movie `` goldmember '' gross ? what genre of movie did beyonce star in with cuba gooding , jr ? what song was the lead single from the film 's sound track ? how did the critics view the movie , '' the fighting temptations '' ? what film did beyoncé star in with mike myers in 2002 ? what was beyoncé 's character called in austin powers in goldmember ? which song did beyoncé release as the lead single for austin powers in goldmember 's soundtrack ? what musical comedy did beyoncé star in along with cuba gooding , jr. in 2003 ? what song did beyoncé release as the lead single from the fighting tempations ? what was the highest beyonce 's first solo recording achieved in the billboard hot 100 ? beyonce 's first album by herself was called what ? how many has `` dangerously in love '' sould worldwide since its debut ? beyonce 's first number one song was which song ? how many top five singles came from her first album ? beyonce 's first solo album in the u.s. with what artist in the lead single ? what solo album did beyonce release in 2003 ? the album , dangerously in love achieved what spot on the billboard top 100 chart ? `` the closer i get to you '' was recorded with which artist ? which artist was associated with beyoncé 's premiere solo recording ? when did beyoncé release her first solo album ? what is the lead single on beyoncé 's first album ? who helped beyoncé earn a grammy award for best r&b performance by a duo or group at the 46th annual grammy awards ? how many awards did beyoncé win at the 46th grammy 's awards ? destiny 's child 's final album was named what ? destiny 's child got a star on the hollywood walk of fame in what year ? in what year did beyonce embark on her dangerously in love tour of europe ? what was the name of the final album of destiny 's child ? it was announced that destiny 's child would disban in what european city ? when did destiny 's child get their star on the hollywood walk of fame ? what was the name of beyoncé 's european start that started in november 2003 ? who did beyoncé tour with for the verizon lades first tour ? what major event did beyoncé perform at on february 1 , 2004 ? what is the name of the final studio album from destiny 's child ? how many albums did beyonce sell in the first week when she released her second album ? the lead single from the album was which song ? how many countries did her song `` irreplaceable '' get number one status in ? how many singles did her second album produce ? what birthday did beyonce 's album b'day celebrate ? what artist did beyonce duet with in the single , `` deja vu '' ? how high did '' deja vu '' climb on the billboard chart ? what is the name of beyoncé 's second album ? how many copies did b'day sell during the first week of its release ? who collaborated with beyoncé on the single , deja vu ? which single from b'day was only released in the u.k. ? what movie did beyonce act in 2006 ? her second movie beyonce did was what film ? the single , `` listen '' was featured in which movie ? beyonce 's first world tour was when ? how much money did beyonce 's tour make in 2007 ? how many millions of dollars did '' the pink panther '' gross world-wide ? what did beyonce call her first concert tour ? who was beyonce 's duet with in '' beautiful liar '' ? which film did beyoncé star with steve martin in ? beyoncé 's role in dreamgirls was based on what pop singer ? what was the lead single for the dreamgirls soundtrack ? what was the name of beyoncé 's first international tour ? what pop singer did a duet with beyoncé on beautiful liar ? beyonce got married in 2008 to whom ? her third album , `` i am ... sasha fierce '' was released when ? for which decade , did beyonce have more top ten songs than any other woman ? which singer beat out beyonce for best video performance ? in 2009 , beyonce started her second world tour and grossed how much money ? how did she reveal the marriage ? when did beyonce begin her second world tour ? who beat out beyonce for best female video ? how much did the second world tour make in dollars ? when did beyoncé get married ? who did beyoncé marry ? who is beyoncé 's alter ego ? the video for what song won beyoncé the 2009 mtv video of the year award ? which prominent star felt the 2009 female video of the year award should have went to beyoncé instead of taylor swift ? beyonce portrayed which character in the film , cadillac records ? beyonce gave her entire salary from cadillac records to which organization ? which song did beyonce sing at the first couple 's inaugural ball ? what genre of film was the movie , obsessed , in which beyonce starred in ? a fight scene from the movie , obsessed , won which award for beyonce ? where did beyonce donate her salary from the movie cadillac records ? what thriller film did beyonce star in ? what was the name of the woman she played in obsessed ? how much more that the buget did the film gross ? which singer did beyoncé portray in cadillac records ? which organization received beyoncé 's entire cadillac records salary ? where did beyoncé perform on january 20 , 2009 ? which thriller film did beyoncé star in with ali larter ? how many awards was beyonce nominated for at the 52nd grammy awards ? beyonce tied with which artist for most nominations by a female artist ? in 2010 , beyonce worked with which other famous singer ? how many number one singles did beyonce now have after the song `` telephone '' ? beyonce tied who for most number one singles by a female ? beyonce received how many nominations at the 52nd annual grammy awards ? what song was the sixth first place song for beyonce ? who else appeared with beyonce in telephone ? who did they tie with for six top songs ? who did beyonce tie with for the most nominations in a year ? how many nominations did beyoncé receive at the 52nd grammy awards ceremony ? who did beyoncé tie with for the most grammy nominations for female artists ? beyoncé was a featured artist on which singer 's hit , telephone ? who did beyoncé and lady gaga tie with for the most number one hits since 1992 ? beyonce would take a break from music in which year ? which year did beyonce and her father part business ways ? which famous landmark did beyonce see in china ? in what year did beyonce have her hiatus ? who inspired this hiatus ? when did she stop using her father as a manager ? how long did the hiatus last ? what did beyoncé announce in january 2010 ? who suggested the hiatus for beyoncé ? who did beyoncé part ways with during her hiatus ? how long did her hiatus last ? in which year was reports about beyonce performing for muammar gaddafi surface ? who did beyonce donate the money to earned from her shows ? beyonce became the first female artist to perform solo in 20 years at which stage ? which organization did beyonce 's spokespeople confirm her donations to ? beyonce was listed in 2011 as the highest paid performer per what ? hoe did everyone learn that beyonce performed for kaddafi ? when did this leak happen ? who did she tell about the donation ? where did beyonce perform in 2011 ? who did beyoncé perform privately for in 2011 ? who released the information about beyoncé 's performance for the libyan ruler ? which organization did beyoncé donate her pay for the private performance to ? beyoncé was the first female singer to headline what at the 2011 glastonbury festival ? beyonce 's fourth album debuted in what year ? which single had the most success from that album ? beyonce won an award for which activity in 2011 ? in 2011 , beyonce performed for four nights where ? when was beyonce 's forth album released ? how many copies did the album sell in its first week ? who awarded beyonce and award for writing ? when did she perform at the roseland ballroom ? what is the name of beyoncé 's fourth studio album ? when was 4 released ? how many copies of 4 sold in the first week ? what magazine did beyoncé write a story for about her earlier hiatus ? where did beyoncé perform for four nights of standing room only concerts in 2011 ? when did beyonce have her first child ? where did beyonce give birth to her first child ? beyonce 's first child is named what ? her first appearance performing since giving birth was where ? when did beyonce have her first child ? what was the child 's name ? how long was it after the birth of her child before she performed again ? how many nights did she perform at atlantic city ? when did beyoncé give birth to a daughter ? what did beyoncé name her daughter ? where was blue ivy born ? where was beyoncé 's first public performance after giving birth ? how many nights did beyoncé play at the resort ? destiny 's child released a compilation album about which topic ? beyonce 's documentary movie was called what ? what did beyonce sign in 2013 ? when did destiny 's child release its album `` love songs '' ? what was the title of the added track in love songs ? at whose inauguration did she perform the national anthem ? how many tweets per minute did the half time show get ? when did destiny 's child release love songs ? 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'' who does beyoncé describe as the definition of inspiration ? who does beyoncé describe as lyrical and raw ? who inspired beyoncé to take control of her career ? beyonce had an all-female tour band whose name was what ? beyonce had singers in the background known by the name as ? the mamas members included which 3 musicians ? the mamas first appearance was when ? what band did beyonce introduce in 2006 ? what song name does the band suga mama and a song on the b'day album share ? where did suga mama band make their first appearance ? what band supports beyonce in her tours ? what is the name of beyoncé 's female tour band ? suga mama is also a song on which beyoncé album ? what are beyoncé 's backup singers called ? when did the mamas make their debut ? what characteristics has beyonce received acclaim for ? which former president of def jam called beyonce the greatest entertainer alive ? for what does beyonce receive praise ? who chose her as number one on his list of best singers / dancers ? how has l.a. reid described her ? how does alice jones describe her ? who has beyoncé at number one on her five best singer/dancers ? who has said that beyoncé is the best entertainer alive ? beyonce self proclaimed alter ego is named what ? her alter ego was born when according to beyonce ? what year did beyonce do away with sasha fierce ? beyonce brought back sasha fierce during which event ? how does she describe sasha ? later what did she say about sasha ? what is the name of beyoncé 's alter ego ? when did beyoncé introduce sasha fierce ? sasha fierce was created during the making of what song ? who did beyoncé tell in february 2010 that sasha fierce was no longer needed ? beyonce 's sex appeal is characterized as what ? which music journalist described beyonce as a `` crossover sex symbol ? '' which word spawned from a term used to describe beyonce in 2006 ? bootylicious was a song from which act that beyonce performed with ? oxford dictionary added which word from the 2000s dedicated to beyonce ? what word is often used to describe beyonce / when was the term added to the dictionary ? what journalist wrote that beyoncé was a `` sex symbol '' ? because of beyoncé 's physical shape , what slang term has been used to describe her ? in what year was the slang term from a title of a destiny 's child song that is also used to describe beyoncé put in the dictionary ? how does beyoncé say she likes to dress off-stage ? in september 2010 , what career area did beyonce start exploring ? beyonce 's first modelling event was at where ? `` world 's most beautiful woman '' was declared to beyonce by which national magazine ? which month and year did gq feature beyonce on its cover ? what tv network listed beyonce as number 1 on its 100 sexiest artists list ? who called beyonce the world 's most beautiful woman ? who called her hottest female singer of all time ? when did she appear on the cover of gq ? vh1 listed her at what number on their 100 sexiest artists list ? what year did beyoncé first model for tom ford ? what magazine said beyoncé was the `` world 's most beautiful woman '' ? what title did complex award beyoncé ? what museum has made several models of beyoncé in wax ? which parent of beyonce 's help co-write a book ? which african-american woman before beyonce had posed for si swimsuit issue ? what was the title of beyonce 's mother 's book ? when was she on the sports illustrated cover ? who was she the second african american on the cover after ? beyoncé was the second african american woman featured as a swimsuit cover on the magazine , who was first ? what magazine said beyoncé was the `` best-dressed celebrity '' ? beyonce has a fan base that is referred to as what ? before the bey hive , fans of beyonce were called what ? which social media company proclaimed beyonce fans are know as the bey hive ? what is beyonce 's fan base called ? what did the fans used to be called ? what is the latest term used to describe beyoncé fans ? what was the former word given to beyoncé fans ? what word does `` bey hive '' derive from ? beyonce has a clothing line known as what ? which french magazine did beyonce show up on the cover of ? beyonce was seen wearing what on the french magazine that caused controversy ? which year did peta spark controversy with beyonce ? what did peta criticize beyonce for in 2006 ? what french magazine cover did the media criticize ? how was she dressed on the cover of l'officiel ? what french magazine did beyoncé appear in wearing blackface and tribal makeup ? what clothing line of beyoncé drew peta criticism ? what type of magazine is l'officiel ? which racial community gave criticism to beyonce ? which professor from northeastern university wrote about how race correlates with these criticisms of beyonce ? which company was accused of coloring beyonce 's hair ? what did vogue request ? how did l'oreal respond to accusations of changing pictures ? in addition to her light skin color , what else has made part of the african american community criticize beyoncé ? in 2007 , which music professor said he believes this criticism does involve race as well ? who was accused of lightening beyoncé 's skin for an advertisement ? what advertisement was beyoncé 's skin supposedly lightened in ? who did beyoncé tell in 2013 to only use natural pictures of her rather than retouched images ? artist of the decade was bestowed upon beyonce from which magazine ? whats the first year that beyonce appear on the time 100 list ? beyonce than appeared again on the time 100 list in what year ? what did the guardian name her ? when did beyonce first make the time 100 list ? when was she again on the time 100 list and on the cover ? who said that she is the reigning national voice ? who stated that beyoncé is the most important musician of the 21st century ? which publication named beyoncé the artist of the decade ? what list did beyoncé make in 2013 ? who said beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the united states ? what year was beyoncé featured both on the time 100 list as well as the cover of the issue ? which rock band cited beyonce on their third album ? which friend learned from beyonce while preparing for the film , `` country strong ? '' nicky minaj became a spokesperson for which brand of soda after seeing beyonce involved with it ? what influenced nicki minaj to join the pepsi global campaign ? which band listed beyonce as an inspiration on their latest album ? what about beyonce has influenced many entertainers ? for what film was paltrow studying beyonce ? which indie band said beyoncé was an inspiration for one of hteir albums ? what was the name of the white rabbits ' album ? who studied beyoncé during live concerts for research for a film 's music role ? what was the name of the film that gwyneth paltrow starred in as a musician ? beyoncé 's pepsi commercial inspired which star to join pepsi 's global campaign in 2012 ? vh1 declared what song the `` greatest song of the 2000s ? '' how many grammy awards did `` crazy in love '' win ? how many did crazy in love sell to become one of the greatest selling singles in history ? what type of organism was named after beyonce in 2012 ? a place for beyonce in the rock and roll hall of fame was awarded when ? which of beyonce 's songs was called greatest song of the 2000s ? how many grammy awards did crazy in love get ? how many copies did crazy in love sell ? who released the single girls love beyonce ? which publication considers crazy in love to be one of the top 500 songs of all time ? who sang `` girls love beyoncé '' in 2013 ? what did bryan lessard name after beyoncé ? how many copies of her albums as beyonce sold in the us ? totaling worldwide , how many records as beyonce sold ? how many certifications was beyonce awarded by the riaa ? when beyonce was with destiny 's child , how many albums did she manage to sell ? who was the first female to achieve the international artist award at the american music awards ? 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beyonce worked with who on her perfumes , true star and true star gold ? the world 's best selling celebrity perfume line belongs to whom ? beyonce 's first fragrance had what name ? the mrs. carter show limited edition was released in what year ? how much money did the mrs. carter show limited edition fragrance make ? what was beyonce 's 2010 perfume called ? when was her second perfume , heat rush , released ? what was beyonce 's third perfume named ? how many editions of heat have been launched ? which emporio armani fragrance did beyoncé promote in 2007 ? what year did beyoncé introduce her first fragrance ? what was beyoncé 's first fragrance called ? how many editions of heat exist ? how young was beyonce when she acquired deals from american express and l'oreal ? what was the name of the video game that was cancelled for beyonce ? when did beyonce begin her deals with name brands ? how many people lost jobs when beyonce left the video game deal ? how was the suit settled ? what was the name of the video game ? 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what is a criticism of other streaming services ? what music streaming system is beyoncé part owner of ? what is the parent company of the music service beyoncé owns part of ? who acquired the parent company of the music service beyoncé owns part of ? what music service is accused of providing low royalty amounts ? house of dereon became known through beyonce and which of beyonce 's relatives ? beyonce 's grandma 's name was ? beyonce 's family 's company name is what ? what types of garments are sold by beyonce 's clothing line ? which two countries can you purchase beyonce 's clothing line ? who partnered with beyonce to start the clothing line , dereon ? when did beyonce and her mother start dereon ? who was the business named for in beyonce 's family ? where were items from the clothing line displayed ? who shares in the house of deréon fashion line introduction with beyoncé ? what is the name of the house of deréon junior collection ? what type of accessory company did beyonce partner with in 2005 ? in 2010 , beyonce released dereon to what country ? back-to-school shopping was introduced in what year of beyonce 's clothing line ? what did beyonce 's fashion diva feature ? what new idea did beyonce and her mother launch in 2009 ? when did beyonce partner with c&a to sell fashion in brazil ? what company did beyoncé get together with in 2005 to add shoes to her fashions ? what was the name of the game put out by starwave mobile in 2008 that featured beyoncé fashions ? what was the name of the junior fashions launched in 2009 by beyoncé and her mother ? who did beyoncé team up with in 2010 to get her fashions into brazil ? sasha fierce for deréon fashions were sold at stores that included macy 's and what other store ? beyonce , during october 2014 , partnered with whom to produce an outdoor line of clothing ? beyonce and topshops first products were to be sold in stores when ? what is the new business called ? what is beyonce 's percentage of ownership in the new venture ? when will the full line appear ? what company did beyoncé contract with to sell clothing in england ? what is the name of the equal partnership 's fashion line between beyoncé and the british company to come out in 2016 ? what type of clothing does the british partnership with beyoncé sell ? what national disaster caused beyonce to create the survivor foundation ? how much cash did beyonce put into the venture , the survivor foundation at startup ? what hurricane years later after katrina did the organization provide support for ? what did beyonce and rowland found in 2005 ? how much did beyonce initially contribute to the foundation ? how has this foundation changed in recent years ? what foundation did beyoncé start after hurricane katrina ? how much money did beyoncé contribute at the beginning of her hurricane katrina foundation ? what other hurricane did beyoncé 's foundation help with ? who did beyonce participate with in the hope for haiti now : a global benefit ? beyonce opened a cosmetology center in what location ? after osama bin laden 's death , what single did beyonce cover ? how much did the t-shirt with beyonce 's image on it make ? what enterprise did beyonce and her mother start on march 5 , 2010 ? what charity benefited from the release of the song , god bless the usa ? what did she participate in with george clooney ? which two stars did beyoncé help with their haiti earthquake organization ? what did beyoncé open at the brooklyn phoenix house in 2010 ? what lee greenwood song did beyoncé cover after osama bin laden was killed ? which national event caused beyonce to produce `` demand a plan ? '' what song did beyonce contribute to the campaign ? beyonce is contributing to which food-donation campaign ? on june 1 , 2013 where was the concert held for `` a chime for change '' ? beyonce was speaking about whom when she said her gift was `` finding the best qualities in every human being . ''? the demand a plan video campaign followed what tragic event ? what was the focus of the gucci chime for change campaign ? what crowdfunding platform was used in the concert ? what is the name of the campaign that beyoncé and others are involved in that deals with gun control ? what school shooting prompted the creation of demand a plan ? what song did beyoncé donate to the 2012 world humanitarian day campaign ? who did beyoncé work with in 2013 on the chime for change campaign ? where does the state 's name come from ? what is the states rank in size ? what is its rank in popularion ? how many ranges are part of the rocky mountains ? where does the state 's name come from ? what year was the state tree selected ? when was the state tree actually assigned ? what year was the state animal selected ? what is the state animal of montana ? what is the state fossil when was the state song composed ? what is montana 's motto ? what does montana 's motto mean ? when was the motto adopted ? 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in elections , what is montana considered ? what year was the last democrat for president supported ? how often has montana voted for a democratic governor ? how often does montana voted for a democratic president ? what is the name of the busiest airport in montana ? when did bozeman airport surpass billings logan as the largest busiest in montana ? what is the states largest railway ? how long have railroads been important since in montana what is the name of the big game hunting foundation in montana ? what season is black bear hunting allowed ? what two predators can be hunted in specific numbers ? since when has montana been a destination for trout fisheries ? what fishing organization has its home here ? what type of fisheries does the state have ? what robert redford movie was shot here in 1002 ? when was the montana territory formed ? when was the first formal school on record ? how much were students charged per week ? when did the first public school in virginia city formed ? how many miles of rivers are known for high class trout ? what bay do rivers from montana feed ? where do the watersheds divide at ? what ocean do rivers flow into from montana ? what rivers form the missouri river ? near where do the rivers form up for the missouri river merging ? which direction does the water flow in this area ? which year was the fort peck reservoir designated a national scenic river ? which direction does the yellowstone river flow through the national park ? where does the yellowstone meet the missouri river ? how many named lakes are there in montana ? what is the name of the largest freshwater lake in western united states ? what is the name of the largest reservoir in the state ? what river is the fort peck reservoir on ? about how much area do forests cover the state ? how many different types of fish are diverse to montana ? what type of bear does montana have the highest population of ? how many endangered species are in montana ? how many species of game fish have hunting seasons ? what is the annual precipitation ? how much precipitation does heron recieve ? how much precipitation does the grinnell glacier recieve ? how many tax brackets does montana have ? what is the highest tax bracket in montana ? does montana have a sales tax ? about how many native americans live in montana ? when was the indian appropriations act passed ? what year was the dawes act passed ? where are the little shell chippewa headquartered ? about what percentage of the native americans in montana live off the reservation ? what is the largest european-american race in montana ? what was helena originally founded as ? what percentage of the population in montana are native peoples ? what three counties are native americans a majority ? between what years did the native population increase by 27.9 % in what year did many cities in montana set heat records ? what month was the hottest ever recorded ? what problem has substantially increased in its severity ? what year was the hellgate treaty formed ? who negotiated the hellgate treaty ? what year was the treaty ratified ? what did the treaty establish ? what was the name of the first us army post ? where was camp cooke situated ? what year was the great sioux war ? what year did the battle of bear paw happen ? what is the official language of montana ? what percentage of the population in montana speak english ? what is the second most common language spoken in montana ? how about many spanish speakers are there in the state ? about how many people in the state of montana speak cheyenne ? what percent of the state is white ? what percent of the state is native american indian ? hispanics account for what percentage of monatanas population ? what was the population of the state in 2015 ? how much did the population increase since 2010 ? what county saw the largest growth ? what city saw the largest growth ? what year was jeannette rankin vote against war the first time ? when did she vote a second time against war ? what were conscientious objectors sent to montana to do ? about how many bison were in montana in 1870 ? in 1884 about how many bison remained ? who pleaded to congress for slaughtering bison ? what year did general sheridan approach congress about killing bison ? when did the northern pacific railroad reach montana from the west ? when did the northern pacific railroad reach montana from the east ? what years were the railroad challenged by chief sitting bull ? what year was the great white sioux war ? when was the transcontinental national pacific railroad finished ? when was the first constitutional convention held in montana ? why was this constitutional convention held ? when was the second constitutional convention held ? what year was montana 's statehood approved ? what other three states were approved in the same year ? what year did the homestead act provide land to settlers ? how much land did the homestead act allow ? what year was the first homestead claim claimed ? when was the desert land act passed ? how much land did the desert land act allot ? how much was the charge per acre at first ? who promoted settlement in montana in the early 1900s in what year was the reclamation act passed ? what year was the enlarged homestead act passed ? how much land was alloted in the new enlarged homestead act ? when did congress pass the espionage act ? when was the sedition act passed ? what were these acts make do to laws ? how many people were arrested from the montana act ? how many of the 200 arrested in the montana act were convicted ? how many montanans entered the miltary in the first year of the war ? how many montanans joined the military in the war total ? about how many montanans died in the war ? who trained at the military grounds in montana ? where were air bases built in montana ? in the judgement , it is stated that the aim of the genocide convention , at its most simplest , is preventing the destruction of which victims ? in addressing the issue of `` in part , '' the appeals chamber found that the part must be a substantial part of what ? which phrase is especially contentious within international humanitarian law ? what 2001 case was declared genocide by the international criminal tribune for the former yugoslavia -lrb- icty -rrb- ? who contributed to guiding the appeals chamber in its conclusion ? two bodies of the united nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide ? a definition of what , by the states , was necessary to preserve and expand genocidal law ? which country 's courts were noted by the echr for taking a wider stance on provisions of genocide laws ? the echr found most states to have largely undefined definitions of group destruction , despite what factor ? in its preparations , what was the source of other considerations by the echr ? in 1948 , what general assembly resolution established genocide as a prosecutable act ? in which war-era country was the holocaust immortalized ? following world war ii , whose bid was successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide ? which group convened officially for the first time in 1946 ? while recognizing genocide , what did the un general assembly fail to do in its resolution ? which provision was initially included in the first write-up of the convention and then removed ? what is one of the countries that objected to the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the convention ? what was the primary concern of other nations who objected to including political groups in the definition of genocide ? which distinguished academic of genocide highlighted several other countries opposed to including political genocide in the convention ? what atrocity motivated a self-serving ussr to object to the provision of political killings drafted into the convention ? which group was accused by the echr of having an overly constricted idea of the meaning of destruction in defining genocide ? what groups did the echr feel should be included as potential victims of genocide ? in 2007 what former case did the european court of human rights draw on to further refine qualifiers of genocide ? what form of destruction was considered too limited by a smaller group of experts ? prior to being a formal legal term , how was the word `` genocide '' used in an indictment scenario ? who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of an entire group ? lemming 's concept of genocide triggered legal action in which realm ? what was the nationality of anthropologist peg levine ? what relative term did levine coin to refer to cultural destruction , without the death of its members ? what term was coined to describe the destruction of culture ? what kind of scientist is peg levine ? what elements of group existence , other than people themselves , can be targets of genocide ? what has been the primary focus in the study of genocide ? in prosecuting genocide , what must the act be formally acknowledged as ? in a general aspect , what is genocide viewed as ? in trials of genocidal crimes , what responsibly party is difficult to prosecute ? long before genocide was established as a legal term , what treaty was in place to protect various groups from persecution and mass killings ? why does genocide often go unpunished ? who was the peace of westphalia designed to protect ? what year was the peace of westphalia signed ? when was the word `` genocide '' first used ? what is the etymology of the term `` genocide '' ? what is the definition of genocide ? who coined the term `` genocide '' ? who referred to acts of genocide in 1941 ? the word `` genocide '' was unknown until what year ? in 1941 , how did winston churchill refer to the mass killings of russian prisoners of war ? what was the name of the polish-jewish lawyer who first described nazi atrocities as `` genocide ? '' what is the etymological basis of the word `` genocide ? '' as it pertains to violent crimes against targeted groups , what is the ultimate motivation within the actions of genocide ? several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what ? what is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inquiry ? the number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what ? in addition to the numeric size of a targeted group , what other consideration was useful to the icty ? the issue of what is raised by judges in paragraph 13 ? what is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the activity of the perpetrators be considered ? the extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control ? what will always be restricted in terms of a perpetrator 's intent to destroy ? while the factor can not independently indicate if the targeted group is substantial , it can do what ? on which date did the genocide convention become effective ? what was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties ? of the five permanent members of the un security council , how many were parties to the treaty ? what member ratified in 1970 ? the delay in support by certain powerful members meant the convention was largely powerless for over how many decades ? in 1998 it was written that the cppcg was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise ? rather than a definition , the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool ? what does the treaty possess that others lack ? the writers jonassohn and bjornson cite various reasons for the lack of widespread support of what ? what two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide ? the two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events ? what writer joined jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history ? with whom was leo kuper paired in research that focused on 20th century works ? two women and what man concentrated on post world war ii events ? some historians were critical of what exclusion in the definition of victims of genocide ? in what book did kakar contend that the international definition of genocide was too narrow ? kakar argued that the definition should include any group defined by the perpetrator and which other group ? in the writing of chalk and jonassohn , what is stated to be a form of one-sided mass killing ? in further elaborating on the definition , how did chalk and jonassohn phrase the intention of the perpetrator ? harff and gurr 's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what , by a state or its agents ? harff and gurr further defined what in terms of ethnicity , religion or nationality ? what was important to harff and gurr to distinguish from genocides ? along with ethnicity and and religion , what other characteristic defined a member of a victimized group ? what did harff define as `` short-lived outbursts by mobs ... ? '' in the writings of rummel , what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide ? rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national , ethnic , racial and which other membership ? the legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty ? included in the cppcg is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end ? in the interpretation of non-killings , the cppcg cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor ? in terms of failed states and non-state actors , the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer ? in gallagher 's definition of genocide , a source of what is malicious in it implementation of the destruction of a group ? gallagher 's definition upholds the centrality of what ? the centrality of intent broadens what definition , beyond the 1948 one ? in order for a genocide classification to happen , a major part of a group has to be what ? signatories to the cppc are required to prevent and punish what ? during which times can a perpetrator of genocide be charged ? in enforcing a charge of genocide , what loophole do many of the signatories possess ? what major western power is exempt from charges or claims of genocide against itself ? along with cyprus , what other major signatory official protested the the immunity of others from prosecution of genocide ? in 1948 the worldwide acceptance of international laws that defined and forbade genocide was promulgated by which treaty ? perpetrators who were tried after world war ii were in general found guilty of crimes against what ? an example of a more specific genocidal crime of which one could be accused was what ? after wwii criminals were largely prosecuted under cppcg for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort ? who is notable for coining the term `` holocaust ? '' which court dismissed nikola jorgic 's appeal against his conviction for genocide by a german court ? in jorgic v. germany , what about the german courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases ? the echr noted that among certain academics , what act carried out by the serbs agains bosnian muslims and croats did not constitute genocide ? the ethnic cleansing perpetrated by the serbs against bosnia-herzegovina was conducted with what ultimate goal in mind ? conversely the scholars who did view the serbs ' acts as constituting genocide , were backed up by what tribunal ? in the 1990s , how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide ? convicted perpetrators popovic and beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action ? tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge ? another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which krstic and nikolic were found guilty was what ? three others were charged with participating in genocides in bosnia by which country 's courts ? what event occurred in march 2006 that essentially ended milosevic 's trial ? where was karadzic when he was finally arrested ? with milosevic dead , who did the icty next charge with crimes of genocide in 1995 ? had milosevic not died , what charges might he have been convicted of ? which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the icty ? what court was established under the aegis of the united nations to prosecute genocidal crimes in rwanda ? the prosecutorial efforts of the ictr focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period ? the ictr was created in november 1995 by which branch of the un ? the ictr was established for the purpose of convicting those responsible for acts of genocide and what other charges ? the charges of genocide brought up by the ictr were against what group of people ? what has been widely debated as a possible act of genocide in sudan ? in 2003 what well known u.s. secretary of state declared the situation in darfur as an act of genocide ? in front of which committee did powell testify ? what did un security council resolution 1564 authorize in 2004 ? despite some concessions , what act did the commission ultimately state that sudan had not pursued ? to whom did the security council officially refer the situation in darfur ? what was taken into account , without mentioning specific crimes ? china and what other permanent member of the security council abstained from the vote on the referral resolution ? in which number report to the council did the prosecutor concede that crimes had been committed but evidence for prosecution was insufficient ? in the build-up to genocide , what have other authors focused on ? what processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide ? who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion ? a history of what is just one factor that contributes to the probability of violence developing into genocide ? what is one preventive effort in circumventing conditions that lead to genocide ? what is a modern common occurence with antibiotics ? what is resistance to antibiotics a cause of ? when was the luria-delbruck experiment ? which two antibiotics that have high efficacy are much less useful now ? what does emergence of resistance reflect ? what is the purpose of antibiotic treatment ? when was antibacterial-resistance demonstrated ? who made the demonstration in 1943 ? what does the potency of antibacterials depend upon ? what does this eliminate ? what does the bactericidal activitty of antibacterials depend on what ? what besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity ? what does the activity of antibacterials depends on ? what does a successful treatment using antibiotics entail ? how do you predict the clinical result ? what do anitibiotics mostly target ? which two types of antibiotics target the cell wall ? which type of antibiotic goes after the cell membrane ? what 3 types go after protein synthesis ? besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure , how can antibacterial antibiotics classified ? what is another name used for bacterial cell wall ? whats another word for cell membrane ? how many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in the late 2000 's / what three ways are antibiotics classified ? what are antibiotics in chemical terms ? what type of antibiotics include penicilin ? what are the type of antibiotics which are taken from still living things ? how are the slufonamides , quinolones , and oxazolidinones created ? besides semisytetic modifications , what advances in medicinal chemistry regarding antibacterials ? what is the molecular weight loss of antibacterial compounds ? what is included in the beta-lactam antibiotics ? what is penicillins produced by ? what is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics ? what is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics ? what organization called antimicrobial resistance a ` serious threat ? ' in which century were antibiotics first introduced ? what can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics ? what does there medicines do for livestock ? what organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world ?? in what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine ? besides antimicrobial , what did the overused medicine cause ? what other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis ? when did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine ? what happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock ? what organization stated that the world has this serious problem ? what regions in the world does this apply in ? when were antibiotics created ? what is a common problem in antibiotic use ? who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry ? what disease did antibiotics help eliminate ? what is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection , but it has not been identified ? where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing ? what kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy ? at what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy ? how long does the identification process take ? what happens when a doctor does n't know the microorganism yet ? what happens in empirical therapy ? when is empirical started ? what are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics ? what causes diarrhea ? what negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area ? what is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage ? what is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics ? what are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans ? what do antibiotics need approval for ? what besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used ? photodermatitis , nausea , allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect ? what was altered during the hypothesis of indiscriminate use of antibiotics ? why are antibiotics checked before use ? name some adverse effects ? name some side-effects ? what can happen to vaginal flora ? what can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs ? what is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age ? what does stat stand for ? what are some antibiotics can be used for stat ? do antibiotics cause obesity in humans ? why do physicians use antibiotics on infants when the relationship has been proven ? what can happen if people are exposed to antibiotics at a young age ? when do intestinal microbiota develop ? do antibiotics increase the chance of getting fat for humans ? do antibiotics interact with birth control pills ? what percentage of birth control pill failure is attributed to antibiotics ? what are the potential effects on intestinal flora ? have these potential effects been proven through testing ? what do physicians recommend to counteract this potential issue ? what do antibiotics interfere with ? what percent is the failure rate of contraceptive pills ? whhat does intestinal flora reduce ? in therapy , what does the antibacterial interact with ? do antibiotics mess with birth control pills ? what should women do if they are using antibiotics and birth control pills ? what is birth control failure rate due to antibiotics ? what is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics ? do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol ? is it ok to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic ? how common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed ? what can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause ? what is unlikely to interfere with with many common antibiotics ? what belief should bever be mixed widespread ? what common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness ? what type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol ? should alcohol be used while on antibiotics ? what is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains ? what is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance ? what can be absent from the bacterial genome ? when does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs / what does some resistance come from ? what method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance ? what do plasmids do in resistance ? what are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes ? what was a once almost controlled disease that is coming back do to resistance ? how many new infections of resistant tb are reported per year ? what is the acronym used to describe resistant tb ? what are the two biggest reasons for resistance ? what is a common method of misuse ? what is an example of bad treatment causing resistance ? what is a way of improperly using antibiotics for those traveling ? what can happen if a doctor does n't prescribe to a person 's weight and prior use ? what are 3 other common forms of bad antibiotic practices ? what happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics ? what do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right ? what is the name of a us government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics ? which agencies control this task force ? when did the french start going after overuse of antibiotics ? when did the eu ban antibiotics for speeding up growth ? what report caused the uk to worry about resistance ? what 3 us organizations have called for the banning of antibiotics in the production of food animals ? name two us bills that want to ban antibiotics in food production ? what 3 medical associations supported the bills ? what besides sick people are antibiotics used for ? when was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals ? when did a district court order the fda to stop approving antibiotics in animals ? what methods did people use before antibiotics to treat infections ? when were some kinds of antimicrobials first used ? what type of things did egyptians and greeks use ? what does antibiosis mean ? who came up with the term antibiosis ? what type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections ? who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold ? what mold did fleming notice had antibacterial properties ? what did fleming initially think a good use would be for it ? what was the first available antibiotic ? what company developed prontosil ? who led the team that came up with prontosil ? what prize did domagk get for his work ? what was the first antibiotic developed from nature ? when was tyrothricin created ? what also happened in 1939 besides tyrothricin ? who discovered tyrothricin ? what was tyrothricin used for during the war ? when was penicillin g first purified ? when did penicillin g become available outside of military use ? who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin ? when was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered ? who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin ? what do vaccines need to work ? what type of vaccines have saved millions of lives ? what types of vaccines have been phased out ? what has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria ? how have researchers been doing this ? what is a worry of using phages ? how many antibiotics have been created in the last 7 years ? how many are in the pipelin to fight gnb ? what year did the infectious disease society of america say that production of new antibiotics does not keep up with resistance ? who regulates antibiotic approval ? what could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics ? what are resistant bacteria called in the media ? who is a director at the pew charitable trusts ? what was frédéric 's nationalities ? in what era was frédéric active in ? for what instrument did frédéric write primarily for ? in what area was frédéric born in ? at what age did frédéric depart from poland ? what year was chopin born ? what era was chopin active during ? where did chopin grow up ? what instrument did he mostly compose for ? at what age did chopin leave poland ? when did chopin die ? what was chopin 's full name ? the majority of chopin 's compositions were for what instrument ? chopin was active during what era ? in what year was chopin born ? in what city was chopin born and raised ? how old was chopin when he left poland ? in what era of music did chopin compose ? what year did chopin die ? at what age did frédéric move to paris ? how many public performances was frédéric estimated to have given during the remainder of his life ? in what year did frédéric obtain citizenship in france ? in what area had frédéric 's most productive period of composition taken place ? what was frédéric 's most likely cause of death ? where did he end up living when he was 21 ? how many public shows did he perform during the last years of his life ? what other composer did chopin develop a friendship with ? what year did he gain citizenship in france ? what is the name of the woman he had a relationship with from 1837-847 ? at what age did chopin move to paris ? during the last 18 years he lived about how many times did chopin perform in public ? what year did chopin become a citizen of france ? in the last years of his life who was the person that supported him financially ? in what year did chopin become a french citizen ? who gave chopin money in the last years of his life ? what was the likely cause of death for chopin ? what instrument did every composition by frédéric include ? what concept was frédéric credited with creating ? whose music did frédéric admire the most and thus provide influence on his work ? what features marked frédéric 's performance style and made them unique ? what establishments did frédéric frequently visit in paris that influenced his career ? which instrument do every one of his compositions include ? what concept did chopin create ? what are two things chopin 's performances were known for ? what three composers influenced chopin 's work ? chopin wrote some music to lyrics , what language were the lyrics ? what instrument is involved in all of chopin 's work ? chopin composed several songs to lyrics of what language ? chopin 's performances were known for what ? what three composers did chopin take inspiration from ? what instrument was all of chopin 's compositions written for ? what language were some songs written in that chopin wrote music for ? of what venue was chopin an often invited guest ? what was the degree of frédéric 's association with political insurrection ? what parts of frédéric 's personal life influenced his legacy as a leading symbol of the era ? in which era was frédéric leave a legacy of as a leading symbol ? in what forms of media has frédéric been the subject of ? where did chopin create the majority of his compositions ? chopin is a native of what country ? he had a non-direct association with what ? chopin is closely associated with what era ? where did chopin create most of his works ? chopin was indirectly related to what ? chopin is considered a prominent symbol of what ? in what village was frédéric born in ? on what date was frédéric born on ? despite the birthdate given by parish baptismal , what date is given by the composer and his family instead ? what was the latin form of frédéric 's full name ? how many miles was the village frédéric born in located to the west of warsaw ? where was chopin born ? who was responsible for the creation of the duchy of warsaw ? when was his birthday recorded as being ? what birth date is now considered as his actual birthday ? chopin 's given names in latin are what ? the duchy of warsaw was created by whom ? chopin 's birth is recorded as when ? what birth date is now considered correct for chopin ? what is the latin form of chopin 's name ? chopin was actually born outside of warsaw at what location ? what famous french leader had established the polish state at this time ? who did frédéric 's father marry in 1806 ? on what date was frédéric baptised ? what language did frédéric 's father , nicolas , insist on using in the household ? what was the given name of chopin 's father ? where was chopin 's father from ? chopin 's father married who ? what is the name of chopin 's godfather ? what is the name of chopin 's eldest sister ? what was chopin 's father 's first name ? from where id chopin 's father emigrate from ? what is chopin 's older sister 's name ? during what month did frédéric move to warsaw with his family ? what language did frédéric 's father teach after they had moved to warsaw ? where did frédéric live with his family while they were in warsaw ? what two instruments did frédéric 's father play during this time ? what was frédéric prone to during early childhood as a result of his slight build ? when did chopin 's family move to warsaw ? where did chopin 's father get a teaching position ? what instruments did chopin 's father play ? what instrument did chopin 's mother teach ? how old was chopin when his family moved to warsaw ? what language did chopin 's father teach ? what two instruments did chopin 's father play ? what instrument did chopin 's mother teach at the boarding house ? where did chopin live with his family in warsaw ? who was frédéric 's first professional teacher in music ? which sister did frédéric play duets with sometimes while being tutored at this time ? at what age did frédéric start giving public concerts ? what did frédéric compose during the year of 1817 ? what is the earliest surviving musical notation composed by frédéric ? who was chopin 's initial piano teacher ? which of his sisters did chopin sometimes duet with ? at what age did chopin start playing publicly ? what year did chopin compose his first work ? during what years did chopin receive instruction from żywny ? what is the name of chopin 's first music teacher that was not an amateur musician ? which of chopin 's sisters would play music with him ? how old was chopin when he began to perform for the public ? who was chopin 's earliest piece of music , that there is a record of , dedicated to ? in what year was the saxon palace taken by the russian governor for use regarding the military ? what establishment today contains what was known as the warsaw lyceum during that time ? what building was frédéric 's new home adjacent to ? what palace was frédéric sometimes invited to as a companion of the ruler 's son ? what short poem spoke of frédéric 's popularity as a child ? the saxon palace was taken over for military use in what year ? the warsaw lyceum was moved to where ? as a child chopin was invited to play with the son of whom ? what did chopin create for grand duke constantine ? in one of his works who affirmed the popularity of chopin as a child ? what was the place chopin was invited to as a friend of ruler 's son ? what is the title and name of the ruler whose son chopin was friends with ? what type of musical piece did chopin compose for his friend 's ruling father ? who wrote in 1818 about the popularity of chopin ? during what years did frédéric visit the warsaw lyceum for lessons ? who was frédéric a student of involving music theory starting in 1826 ? what was the name of the mechanical organ frédéric performed on during 1825 ? which tsar did frédéric perform for due to his success in previous concerts ? on what date was frédéric 's first performance that earned international esteem ? who taught chopin to play the organ ? chopin had three years of lessons with whom ? what instrument did chopin play in front of tsar alexander i ? what gift did tsar alexander i give to chopin ? what was the first of chopin 's works to gain international renown ? who gave chopin instruction on how to play the organ ? what was the name of the teacher of chopin 's three year course that began in the fall of 1826 ? what is th ename of the mechanical organ chopin played in 1825 ? what did tsar alexander i give to chopin ? what is the title of his first commercially successful work ? who was frédéric a guest of during his visit of szafarnia in 1824 and 1825 ? in which village did frédéric first experience rural polish folk music ? to whom did frédéric write letters to during his stay in szafarnia ? what did frédéric write parodies of in his letters ? during his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did chopin spend his vacation with ? what type of music did chopin discover for the first time while staying in szafarnia ? what was the name of the person who hosted chopin as a guest when he discovered polish rural folk music ? what was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote ? where did chopin spend his vacation in 1824 and 1825 ? during what year did frédéric 's youngest sister , emilia , pass away ? what street did frédéric 's family move to after the death of his youngest sister ? what year did frédéric leave warsaw after moving with his family to the south annex of krasiński palace ? what did the chopin 's family business become in the 20th century ? which artist created the first known portrait of frédéric ? what year did chopin 's sister emilia die ? what year did chopin leave warsaw ? what was the chopin family 's business ? what artist painted the chopin family ? who in chopin 's family died shortly before they moved in 1827 ? what year did chopin leave warsaw ? what was the chopin boarding house called in english ? what artist made portraits of the chopin family in 1829 ? was the chopin family boarding house for male or female students ? of the individuals that became intimate with frédéric during their stay at the family apartments , which two became part of frédéric 's social environment in paris ? which singer was cited specifically as someone frédéric was attracted to ? what four boys from his family 's boarding house became friends with chopin ? which singer did chopin become fascinated with ? which of chopin 's works was unknowingly dedicated to gladkowska ? when did chopin receive his last conservatory report ? which two of chopin 's friends became part of his paris milieu ? what was the name of the singing student chopin was attracted to ? to whom did chopin reveal in letters which parts of his work were about the singing student he was infatuated with ? what musical piece had a larghetto dedicated to the female singing student chopin was infatuated with ? how many boarders of his family 's boarding house became intimate friends with chopin ? who did frédéric visit berlin with in september 1828 ? which opera director did frédéric see works of during his stay in berlin ? who was frédéric a guest of during his stay in berlin in 1829 ? what piece did frédéric create specifically for the prince and the prince 's daughter , wanda ? when did chopin visit berlin ? with whom did chopin go to berlin ? while in berlin he saw the operatic work of who ? in 1829 on a trip back to berlin chopin was a guest of who ? what piece did chopin create for prince antoni ? what year did chopin visit berlin while still a student ? who did chopin go to berlin with ? what did the person who chopin went with to berlin do for his work ? who directed the operas they enjoyed in berlin ? what year did chopin return to berlin ? what did frédéric compose after hearing niccolò paganini perform on the violin ? during what month did frédéric make his first appearance in vienna ? how many piano concerts did frédéric perform in vienna during this time ? on what date did frédéric give his first performance of piano concerto no. 2 in f minor , op. 21 ? what did chopin compose after hearing niccolo paganini ? where did chopin debut after completing his studies ? what piece did chopin debut after returning to warsaw ? when did chopin return to warsaw ? why did some critics say that chopin was too delicate ? who did chopin hear play violin in 1829 that prompted him to write a composisition ? where did chopin make his debut after completing his education ? how many public performances did chopin do where he made his debut after completing his education ? how many weeks after completing school was it before chopin made his public debut ? on what date did frédéric begin his journey into western europe ? which country did frédéric go to first after setting out for western europe ? in what year did his companion woyciechowski depart to poland to enlist for the uprising in warsaw ? what historian commented that the events involving frédéric 's friend in poland contributed to his maturing ? who said that chopin set out `` into the wide world , with no very clearly defined aim , forever ? '' who did chopin leave for austria with ? where did chopin intend to go after austria ? woyciechowski left chopin to enlist in what ? what geographicla region was opened for chopin due to his composing and performances ? when chopin started to take his music to the world , what is the last name of the person who went with him to austria ? what year did the uprising begin in warsaw ? what were the words chopin wrote to a friend when he was alone and homesick ? what year did chopin learn that the uprising in warsaw was crushed ? what event was frédéric a part of when he arrived in paris during the later part of september in 1831 ? what version of frédéric 's birth name did he begin using after arriving in france ? in what year did frédéric officially acquire french citizenship ? what were the two kinds of relationships stated as frédéric having with his fellow poland natives in exile ? what nationality is stated as the one frédéric felt most identified by ? when did chopin reach paris ? by not going back to poland chopin became part of what ? in what year did chopin become a french citizen ? what is the name of chopin 's biographer ? after 1831 , what country did chopin never return to ? what country 's passport did he have from 1835 ? what language was chopin never completely at ease speaking ? what biographer of chopin wrote that chopin never considered himself french ? due to the numbers of expatriates of poland after the uprising , what did it become to be known as ? in what city did frédéric achieve celebrity status ? who was the principal of the polish literary society that frédéric became acquainted with ? what did frédéric create from verses of the poet adam mickiewicz ? what poet did chopin use verses from for songs ? what people did chopin meet while in paris ? what was the name of the poet chopin became acquainted with in paris ? what position did the poet who chopin knew in paris hold ? which friend of frédéric failed to achieve success in england ? who was frédéric 's trusted adviser while in paris ? what familial role was albert grzymała compared to in regards to frédéric ? who is stated as a jack of all trades in service to frédéric ? what nationality were the two friends who served as a pivotal influence in frédéric 's life while in paris ? julian fontana tried to find his way where before moving to paris ? where did julian fontana fail to get established ? who did chopin know that became rich in paris ? which friend of chopin became like an older brother to him ? which friend took on the role of several jobs to help chopin including copyist ? where were chopin and fontana students together ? who gave frédéric his first significant public approval in regards to his compositions ? on what date did frédéric give his first performance at the salle pleyel ? what is stated as a hindrance for frédéric 's ability to perform in large concert spaces ? who did frédéric rely upon financially before earning a great income from his works ? from whom did chopin receive his first big endorsement ? when did chopin debut at salle pleyel ? what affluent family did chopin gain a patronage from ? when did chopin receive his first major endorsement from robert schumann ? what did chopin realize was not ideal for larger spaces after his first successful concert in paris ? once chopin stopped performing concerts , how did he earn his income ? what was frédéric 's favorite environment to perform in ? what instrument did frédéric play in a performance on 23 march 1833 ? chopin gave a yearly performance where ? chopin worked with liszt on what piece ? in 1833 with whom with chopin work to get his music published ? what is the name of chopin 's pupil who performed with him ? where did chopin prefer to play for people ? on march 23 , 1833 , who headlined and performed with chopin at a concert ? who did chopin contract with for publishing his music ? who did frédéric meet in the spring of 1834 at the lower rhenish music festival ? what two activities did frédéric do while visiting for a day in düsseldorf with mendelssohn and hiller ? who was the director of the academy of art that frédéric met while in düsseldorf ? where were frédéric 's parents located at when he saw them for the final time in 1835 ? where did chopin meet felix mendelssohn ? who did chopin attend the lower rhenish music festival with ? in 1835 where did chopin and his parents visit ? when did chopin propose marriage to maria wodziński ? who was maria 's mother ? who did chopin meet at a music festival early in 1834 ? where did chopin and hiller go with the person chopin met in the spring of 1834 ? what was friedrich wilhelm schadow position ? what was the first name of the girl chopin proposed to ? who was the recipient of frédéric 's letter he wrote on 12 december 1831 ? what are the three names stated in frédéric 's letter that he had shown interest and curiosity in ? who is stated as being in attendance of frédéric 's first performance at the salle pleyel on 26 february 1832 ? what was the date that liszt first saw chopin perform ? which friend received the letter in which chopin referenced liszt ? where was chopin 's first concert in paris held ? what address did frédéric live at during his stay in paris ? how far down the road did liszt live from frédéric during this time ? how many times did frédéric and liszt collaborate in performances during the years of 1833 to 1841 ? for whose benefit was the first of these concerts performed for on 2 april 1833 ? at which two establishments was the last of these performances conducted at on 25 and 26 april 1841 ? when was the first time liszt and chopin performed together ? what was the charity that liszt and chopin last performed for ? where did liszt and chopin last perform together ? when liszt lived close to chopin , where did he call home ? how many times did chopin and liszy perform together in public ? who did the first concert of chopin and liszt benefit ? what term describes the qualities of the relationship between frédéric and liszt ? what three qualities of liszt are stated to have captivated frédéric ? what did frédéric receive from liszt when the latter performed a nocturne with certain embellishments added ? what did frédéric introduce liszt as in when referring to him in his letters up to 1848 ? what piece did chopin dedicate to liszt ? what was the name of liszt 's mistress ? who did chopin dedicate the op. 10 études to ? who apologized to chopin for adding embellishments to a musical piece he perforemed that was written by chopin ? what was the name of liszt 's mistress ? who did chopin write to displaying his desire to take away a performers ability to play his music ? what was the name of the man who biogrpahers think chopin was concerned about liszt 's growing relationship with ? who was the host of the gathering where frédéric was introduced to george sand ? what did frédéric label the place in which he placed maria and her mother 's letters about the unlikely marriage ? who did george sand write to when admitting having a strong affection for frédéric ? what is the name of the author chopin met at a gathering put on by marie d'agoult ? what was a possible reason for chopin 's failed engagement to maria wodzińska ? what did chopin write on the box of letters from maria and her mother ? who hosted the party whre chopin met george sand ? what year did maria wodzińska 's mother tell chopin that he likely would not marry her daughter ? what did chopin write on the package that contained letters from maria and her mother ? who did sand confide to in a letter about her feelings for chopin in june , 1838 ? what city did frédéric visit in june 1837 ? what event occurred on frédéric 's return to paris ? how many years older was george sand compared to frédéric ? what adjective is used to describe frédéric and sand 's time together during the winter of 1838 ? where did frédéric and sand venture to after majorca became unlivable when it was discovered they were not married ? with whom did chopin go to london with in 1837 ? what was james broadwood 's occupation ? how much older was george sands than chopin ? during sands and chopin 's visit to majorca who were they fleeing ? after it became known that sands and chopin were unmarried where did they end up taking up shelter ? when did chopin and sand become lovers ? where did chopin and sand go between november 1838 and february 1839 ? who joined chopin and sand on their trip to majorca ? one of the reasons chopin and sand went to majorca was to escape the threats of who ? where did chopin and sand stay in valldemossa ? how many doctors saw frédéric by the 3rd of december ? what did frédéric have trouble playing as a result of his growing illness ? what condition did frédéric describe the piano that arrived to him through many dangerous obstacles ? how many doctors visited chopin ? what month did chopin 's piano arrive ? what did chopin compalin about ? what did chopin have a hard time getting delivered to majorca ? what month did chopin 's pleyel piano arrive in majorca ? who did chopin send his preludes to ? what is stated as having a negative effect on frédéric 's health during this productive time ? what culture of french people did sand sell the piano to ? what city did the group travel to in order to help frédéric recover ? where was sand 's estate located where they stayed for the summers until 1846 ? where did frédéric and sand move to in 1842 in buildings next to each other ? who did sand sell chopin 's piano to ? where did the group travel to after barcelona ? where was sand 's home ? after returning to paris where was chopin 's apartment ? in 1842 where did chopin and sand move ? what had a negative effect on chopin 's health ? who did sand sell the piano to ? where did they travel after leaving barcelona ? where did chopin and sand move to in 1842 ? where did they spend most summers until 1846 ? what event were chopin and sand at on 26 july 1840 ? what anniversary was the july revolution that sand and chopin were present at a dress rehearsal for ? at whose funeral did chopin play in 1839 ? what instrument did chopin play at adolphe nourrit 's funeral ? what piece did chopin play at adolphe nourrit 's funeral ? chopin attended the funeral of who in 1839 ? what did chopin play at the funeral ? what was the dress rehearsal for ? it was in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of what ? what is the example given of a work produced by frédéric during calm summers at nohant ? which of the two people that visited chopin were tutored by him on piano ? on what date did delacroix write a letter based on his visit at nohant ? what did chopin help pauline viardot with ? who were two visitors to chopin while in nohant ? what two things did chopin advise viardot on ? who wrote a letter on june 7 , 1842 about a stay in nohant ? in which year did chopin begin experiencing a serious decline in health ? to whom did chopin write a letter on 21 february 1842 about his agonizing pain ? what performance was chopin forced to decline due to his increasing ill health ? what instrument did chopin play for charles hallé when the latter visited him ? what has current day research suggested that chopin was suffering from alongside his other illnesses ? starting in what year did chopin start showing evidence of very bad health ? what second performance did chopin have to decline to play ? what specific illness does modern evidence point to chopin having ? when did chopin show signs of serious illness ? chopin wrote in 1842 that he had to lie in bed all day because what ached so much ? chopin had to decline who 's invitation in 1843 to particpate in a performance at erard 's ? who visited chopin in 1844 and wrote about his inability to move ? modern medicine indicates chopin may have suffered from what condition ? what was the name of sand 's daughter 's fiance that contributed to deteriorating the relationship between sand and chopin ? what was the interest sand had that chopin showed apathy towards ? what did sand begin referring to chopin as as his illness got worse ? what was the name of sand 's novel she published in reference to her situation with chopin ? in what year did chopin and sand ultimately bring their relationship to a close ? when did chopin 's relationship with sand start to deteriorate ? whom did sand 's daughter solange become engaged to ? what novel did sand write in 1847 ? who was the fortune hunter engaged to sand 's daughter ? what role did sand take on as her relationship with chopin progressed ? what was the name of sand 's book where the main characters can be interpreted as sand and chopin ? when did chopin end his relationship with sand ? what was the name of the single piece of work he wrote in 1844 ? what can be said of these works compared to his work in other years even though the quantity was less ? how many pieces did chopin write in 1841 ? how many pieces did chopin compose in 1842 ? what piece did chopin compose in 1844 ? how many works did chopin write in 1842 ? how many works did chopin write in 1843 ? how many works did chopin write in 1845 ? in what month and year did chopin give his final performance ? with whom did chopin perform his final concert ? when did chopin last perform ? who did chopin last perform with ? plitical strife , popularity decline , instability of era and fewer students caused chopin to what ? who did chopin have at his last parisian concert in 1848 ? what instrument did auguste franchomme play ? what television station made a documentary on chopin ? what two people created a documentary on chopin for italian tv ? what was the title of the documentary the bbc released ? what television station released a documentary on chopin ? what was the name of the documentary released by the bbc ? what are the names of the two people that created a documentary for italian tele vision ? who did a work for italian television about chopin 's life ? what was the name of the 1945 movie released about chopin ? what is the name of the actor who received and oscar nomination for his role as chopin ? what year was la valse de l'adieu released ? who starred as chopin in impromptu ? chopins relations with whom have been fictionalized in movies ? what 1945 film was a fictionalized accounting of the relationship between chopin and sand ? who portrayed chopin in a song to remember ? who portrayed chopin in the 1928 film , la valse de l'adieu ? who portrayed chopin in the 1991 film , impromptu ? when was the first fictionalized account of chopin 's life ? where was the first fictionalized account of chopin 's life created ? who is responsible for the first fictionalized account of chopin 's life ? what is thought to be the first fictionalized work about chopin ? what style is the fictionalized `` chopin '' in ? who wrote the fictionalized `` chopin ? '' when was the fictionalized `` chopin '' produced ? where was the fictionalized `` chopin '' produced ? an 1830 sonnet was written about chopin by what man ? aside from george sands what two french authors have written about chopin ? leon ulrich wrote about chopin in what format ? what is the earliest sighting of chopin in polish literature ? when did ulrich do his sonnet on chopin ? in addition to polish and french , what other language has numerous biogrpahies of chopin ? the warsaw chopin society holds the grand prix du disque de f. chopin how often ? what is the name of the event that the warsaw chopin society holds ? on chopin 's 200th anniversary critics of what publication made recommendations on recordings of chopin 's work ? who organizes the grand prix du disque de f. chopin for notable chopin recordings ? how often is the grand prix du disque de f. chopin for notable chopin recordings held ? upon chopin 's bicentenary , who recommended a list of who should perform chopin ? what year was the earliest chopin recording created ? what is the title of the earliest known recording of chopin 's work ? who played the earlier known recording of chopin 's work ? what has stated that every pianist in the recording era has used chopin 's music ? when did pabst record his chopin performance ? who has given a discography of pianists ' representation of chopin 's pedagogic style ? what is the name of the oldest music essay competition ? what year was the international chopin piano competition founded ? where is the international chopin piano competition held ? how often is the international chopin piano competition held ? the fryderyk chopin institute of poland includes approximately how many recordings of chopin 's work from youtube ? what is the world 's oldest monographic music competition ? when was the international chopin piano competition established ? there are over 80 societies throughout the world that have been established because of chopin and his music according to who ? how many known works of chopin 's music were on youtube up to the beginning of 2014 ? what is the name of the ballet that included chopin 's work ? who choreographed a ballet which included chopin 's work ? chopiniana later went by a different name , what is that name ? who orchestrated chopiniana ? what year was the chopiniana released ? which 1909 ballet used chopin 's music ? who choreographed chopiniana ? who orchestrated chopiniana ? sergei diaghilev obtained additional orchestrations for subsequent productions , using which title ? where did chopin head to during the revolution of 1848 ? who provided the majority of funds for his concert tour in london ? where did chopin go in the spring of 1848 ? what two people suggested the 1848 tour ? who paid for most of the 1848 music tour of chopin ? what was happening in april 1848 in paris ? what was jane stirling 's national heritage ? where did chopin stay while in london ? what company provided chopin with a piano while in london ? where was chopin 's initial performance ? what two notable guests were present during his premiere performance at stafford house ? what date did he perform with viardot ? what steet did chopin stay on in london ? what did broadway provide for chopin ? what two dignitaries where at his first performance in london ? in addition to hearing him play , what else did people seek from chopin in london ? who sang chopin arrangements on july 7 of the year chopin was in london ? where did jane stirling invite chopin ? what doctor was with chopin when he wrote out his will ? where was chopin invited to in late summer ? what city did chopin perform at on september 27 ? what did chopin write while staying with doctor adam łyszczyński ? when did chopin last appear in public ? where was chopin 's last public performance ? who were the beneficiaries of his last public concert ? what was the diagnosis of chopin 's health condition at this time ? where was chopin 's last public performance ? who did chopin play for while she sang ? in 1849 where did chopin live ? who was anonymously paying for chopin 's apartment ? when did chopin return to paris ? chopin accompanied which singer for friends ? where did his friends found chopin an apartment in 1849 ? who paid for chopin 's apartment in chaillot ? when did jenny lind visit chopin ? when did his sister come to stay with chopin ? in september 1849 where did chopin take up residence ? which family member came to paris in june 1849 ? who accompanied chopin 's sister to paris ? who gave chopin a loan in september for an apartment ? what did parisian ladies consider proper etiquette when in chopin 's room ? why did chopin request being cut open after his death ? what did chopin reply to the doctor when asked is he was suffering ? who made chopin 's death mask ? why did chopin want his body opened when he died ? what did solange 's husband make hours after chopin 's death along with his death mask ? what is listed as chopin 's official cause of death ? what was the name of chopin 's doctor ? what has the polish government not allowed to find true cause of death ? what was the cause of death on chopin 's death certificate ? who was chopin 's physician ? other possiblities for chopin 's death include cirrhosis , alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency , and what ? who has denied testing chopin 's dna to determine the actual cause of death ? where was chopin 's funeral held ? how long was chopin 's funeral delayed ? how many people arrived for chopin 's funeral ? where was chopin 's funeral held ? how long was chopin 's funeral delayed ? how many people arrived without an invitation ? what song was sung at chopin 's funeral ? who was the organist at chopin 's funeral ? who led chopin 's funeral procession ? what was played at his graveside ? what mozart song was sung at chopin 's funeral ? who was the organist for chopin 's funeral ? which cemetery was chopin buried in ? who led the funeral procession ? what was played at chopin 's graveside ? who sculpted chopin 's tombstone ? what is the name of the muse carved on chopin 's tombstone ? how much did chopin 's funeral cost ? who paid for chopin 's funeral ? chopin 's sister ludwika took his heart back to warsaw preserved in what ? who designed chopin 's tombstone ? how much did chopin 's funeral and monument cost ? who paid for chopin 's funeral ? who took chopin 's heart to poland ? who ended up with the 200 letters from sand to chopin ? how many of chopin 's works still exist ? all of his pieces include what instrument ? how many chopin pieces are known to have survived ? only a few of chopin 's pieces involve more than the piano , including piano concertos , songs and what ? whose piano method did chopin teach his students ? whose piano method did chopin use with his students ? who did chopin say were the two most important composers in his own music influences ? chopin looked to beethoven , mozart , clementi and who for his own music education ? who is credited with creating the nocturne ? chopin was the first person to create what as singular concert pieces ? what new genre di john field invent ? chopin was first in writing what for concerts ? what musical concept did chopin exploit ? what three other musicians were developing the new genre ? how many polonaises were published while chopin lived ? how many polonaises were published after chopin died ? chopin was credited for making what more internationally known ? what is different about chopin 's waltzes versus a ballroom waltz ? what did chopin add to the modern dance of his era ? chopin 's polish dance music was developed for what type of hall ? what was chopin responsible for making popular with euorpeans ? how many chopin polonaises were published after his death ? what dance music of chopin was written more for recitals than ballrooms ? what is another title op. 10 , no. 12 has garnered ? what is the only piece chopin gave an actual title to ? the funeral march was written as part of what piece ? how many instrumental works did chopin give a descriptive name to ? what descriptive name was op. 10 , no. 12 given ? what descriptive name was op. 64 , no. 1 given ? what was the last number chopin gave to an opus ? who was chopin 's musical executor ? how many unfinished pieces did julian fontana make into eight more opus numbers ? op. 74 is made up of how many polish songs ? what is the last opus number that chopin used ? who grouped 23 unpublished pieces and published them as opp .66-73 in 1855 ? when was op. 74 published ? the kobylańska catalogue was named for who ? pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers ? what have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers ? what is the current musicologist reference for chopin 's pieces ? what is the shortened reference for the kobylańska catalogue ? who compiled the kobylańska catalogue ? who released the first collection of chopin 's works ? who edited the polish `` national edition '' of chopin 's works ? maurice schlesinger and camille pleyel were what to chopin ? where did chopin 's work start t oshow up ? what was the name under scholarly publications of chopin 's work form 1937 to 1966 ? who edited the polish national edition ? what is central to chopin 's process ? rosen suggests that a central part of chopin 's uniqueness is how he handles what ? what is central to chopin 's creativeness ? who wrote that `` improvisation is designed for an audience '' ? what did rosen suggest was important about chopin 's personality ? what piece does j. barrie jones pinpoint as a great example of chopin 's palette ? what does j. barrie jones feel stands supreme of chopin 's concert pieces ? what form does temperley feel that chopin 's ballades and scherzos are based on ? chopin 's mazurkas contain more of what than his other compositions ? what form are chopin 's mazurkas and waltzes in ? which of chopin 's works shows more folk aspects ? what type of bass do chopin 's mazurkas exhibit ? what does chopin 's op. 63 no. 3 have that is rare ? what time are chopin 's polonaises written in ? chopin 's ability to create an advanced polonasises surpassed even two of his teachers , zywny and who ? chopin 's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies ? chopin 's polonaises needed what kind of playing technique ? how many nocturnes did chopin compose ? what is it about the middle of chopin 's nocturnes that increases their drama ? chopin 's nocturnes were more structured than who ? what year did chopin meet field ? which type of chopin 's compositons were difficult for perfomers due to their middle sections ? what pieces of his did chopin use to teach his technique ? what form are most of chopin 's études in ? chopin often taught his piano technique using what form of music he wrote ? what piece of bach 's did chopin take inspiration for his preludes ? who suggested that chopin 's preludes were not intended to be played as a group ? what was described as `` the beginning of studies '' by schumann ? what inspired chopin for his preludes ? kenneth hamilton suggests that the preludes may not have been meant as a group but rather as what ? who did a recording where étude op. 10 no. 5 .follows relude op. 28 no. 7 ? how many movements are no. 2 , op. 35 and no. 3 , op 58 in ? what two people claimed that op 58 was `` worthy of brahms '' ? how many movements are in no. 2 , op. 35 and no. 3 , op 58 ? which movement was found lacking in musicality by schumann ? according to music historians , which sonata is similar to german tradition and worthy of brahms ? chopin 's chord progressions are similar in style to what other composer ? what likely arose due to chopin 's technique with keyboards ? who wrote about chopin 's `` novel harmonic effects '' ? what was chopin 's style based upon ? who wrote about a chopin 1841 recital ? what writing of chopin talks about everything about piano playing has to do with proper fingering ? according to j. barrie jones who was the only true successor to chopin ? many people were considered influenced by chopin 's what ? who was alexander scriabin 's teacher ? who was chopin 's worthy successor according to jones ? who was devoted to the music of chopin ? who was alexander scriabin 's teacher ? who wrote that the current large concert style conflicts with chopin 's preference of intimate performances ? what did chopin tend to avoid ? what has been falsely credited to chopin ? what did chopin tell a student is given up in concerts ? who wrote about chopin 's `` chromatic embroidery '' ? who wrote that chopin 's music , when played by him , became a `` colorful wreath of flowers '' ? chopin 's compositions are often played with what ? what does rubato mean ? in chopin 's music where strict timing is disregarded , what is it called ? what type of chopin 's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to charles rosen ? according to who did chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm ? which student said chopin made sure his students knew his legato , cantabile style of playing ? according to friederike müller , chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what ? chopin was noted as introducing music to what ? what year did schumann review chopin 's piano concertos ? in his review schumann made note of chopin 's emotions for what ? why did schumann say the poles were in mourning ? a biography on chopin released under franz liszt 's name was likely written by who ? chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what ? who wrote a glowing review of chopin 's love for his country through his music in 1836 ? schumann described chopin 's music as cannons buried in what ? though franz liszt is credited with chopin 's 1863 biography , who probably actually wrote it ? who said that chopin 's familiarity with polish music was more `` urbanised '' than true folk music ? george golos references what two musicians when claiming chopin 's nationalism was overrated ? who said chopin 's works were modeled after bach , beethoven , schubert and field ? william atwood suggested that chopin 's music was n't purposely patriotic but what ? a modern commentator , william atwood , feels poles not only sought solace in chopin 's music but also found them a source of strength as they continued to fight for what ? where were poles scattered to ? arthur hutchings stated that chopin 's lack of what made him special ? who were two of chopin 's contemporaries ? what place was considered lucky for chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons ? who said chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries liszt and henri herz ? in what suite did schumann name a work for chopin ? what piece of chopin 's work was dedicated to schumann ? how many of chopin 's polish songs did liszt transliterate for piano ? with who did chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with ? what was recognized about chopin from his musical peers ? what schumann suite contained the name of a piece schumann named for chopin ? what piece did chopin dedicate to schumann ? what other musician shows to have elements of chopin in his work ? who dedicated his 1915 piano études to chopin ? for what publisher to debussy edit chopin 's music for ? who was a student of chopin 's former students and actually recorded some chopin music ? what music did debussy play a lot at the paris conservatoire ? who were wang jiawei and nyima gyaincain ? what important trade did the ming dynasty have with tibet ? during what years did the mongol leader kublai khan rule ? who did the yongle emperor try to build a religious alliance with ? deshin shekpa was the head of what school ? the tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state ? what did the tibetans use against ming forays ? who were the armed protectors for the gelug dalai lama ? which regime did güshi khan help establish ? when was the mongol-tibetan alliance started ? in what century did the tibetan empire fall ? who signed multiple peace treaties with the tang ? what did one of the treaties between the tang and tibet help fix ? who was the tangs biggest rival ? what year did tang and tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders ? when did the five dynasties and ten kingdoms period of china take place ? when did the song dynasty take place ? what dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states ? who ruled the liao dynasty ? who ruled the jin dynasty ? which ruler took western xia under their control ? who was genghis khan 's successor ? what years did ögedei khan rule ? who invaded tibet ? who was the mongol prince ? who was the leader of the sakya school of tibetan buddhism ? who was the regent of the mongol empire ? in what years was töregene khatun the regent of the mongol empire ? how many states were ruled by myriarchies ? what title did prince kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294 ? who was the superior of prince kublai ? who became the second karmapa lama ? with whom did kublai khan have a unique relationship with ? when did kublai khan conquer the song dynasty ? when did the yuan dynasty rule ? which dynasty ruled all of china ? what did khubilai claim for a while ? where did khubilai seek support as emperor ? what year was the sakya viceregal regime eradicated ? who placed the sakya viceregal regime position of authority ? who eradicated the sakya viceregal regime ? which dynasty became ruler of tibet ? who created the ming dynasty ? who caused the yuan dynasty to fall ? who ruled as the the hongwu emperor ? what years did zhu yuanzhang rule as the hongwu emperor ? who did the hongwu emperor send convoys to ? who was the fourth karmapa lama ? who rejected an invitation by the hongwu emperor ? what did the the hongwu emperor want to continue to promote ? who did rolpe dorje send as envoys to court in nanjing ? who created a law that did not allow han chinese to learn the beliefs of tibetan buddhism ? what years did the yongle emperor reign ? who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with tibet ? what years did the qing dynasty rule ? what year was the history of ming produced ? what did the ming dynasty create ? how many qianhu offices were there ? where was the é-lì-sī army-civilian marshal office established ? how many princes of dharma were assigned by the ming court ? who established the tibetan law code ? who was the phagmodru ruler ? who was a professor of the university of washington ? who had a large amount of contacts with china during yuan ? who believed that tibet barely had any diplomatic relations with the ming ? who supported van praag 's beliefs ? who did not agree with van praag and shakabpa ? who believed that the ming court had full sovereignty over tibet ? what year did wang and nyima believe that the mongol prince punala went to nanjing ? what did the lamas called themselves ? what edicts did the ming issue ? who wrote the book the story of tibet ? who colonized india and new zealand ? who 's viewpoint does thomas laird believe wang and nyima present ? how did the the columbia encyclopedia describe the yuan dynasty ? how did the encyclopedia americana describe the yuan dynasty ? what did thomas laird dismiss the yuan dynasty as ? who wrote the book khubilai khan ? when did the yuan dynasty start and end ? when did ayurbarwada buyantu khan reign ? during the yuan what existed between china and tibet ? who was granted higher status than the han chinese majority ? who abolished the policy council ? what was the tibetan leader choskunskyabs appointed as ? who governed most areas of tibet ? where is the china tibetology research center located ? who was the director of the history studies institute ? how many households were the offices of qianhu in charge of ? how many households were the offices of wanhu in charge of ? what was the name of the tibetologist ? who did the ming emperors send invitations to ? when the lamas received an invite from the emperors , who did they send instead ? what was the western regions composed of ? who believed that they were the true han western representatives ? what title was given by the yuan court to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ? what tibetan title was hardly ever mentioned when referring to tai situ changchub gyaltsen ? what dynasty kept a central-local government relation with the yuan imperial court ? what two people claim the title of education minister was often seen next to tai situ changchub gyaltsen 's name in tibetan texts ? who wrote in their will that they received loving care from the emperor in the east ? who divided central tibet into districts ? who strongly believed changchub gyaltsen wanted to restore the glories of its imperial age to tibet ? what university was lok-ham chan a professor at ? what did lok-ham chan claim changchub gyaltsen wanted to remove ? who did the hongwu emperor grant the title initiation state master to ? who suggested to the emperor that an official title be granted to second phagmodru ruler ? who was the second phagmodru ruler ? who told the emperor that the situation in dbus and gtsang were under control ? where were the envoys sent ? who lost their power over tibet ? what year did the phagmodrupa lose their power over tibet ? what year did the 5th dalai lama start to dominate over tibet ? what did the other families fail to establish ? the ming dynasty granted what titles to lamas of schools ? who did the ming dynasty decline titles from after receiving invitations ? who was the founder of the gelug school ? who invited je tsongkhapa to come pay tribute ? who wrote the letter declining the emperor 's invitation ? when did the ming first request tsongkhapa to come to court ? when did the ming court send a second request to tsongkhapa ? who did tsongkhapa send in his place to nanjing ? when was chosrje shākya yeshes sent to nanjing ? who believed the ming reappointed old yuan dynasty officials in tibet ? who did the ming appoint titles to ? what did n't the ming send to replace the mongols when they left tibet ? what does yiu yung-chin claim the ming did not possess ? what was the name of the eunuch ? where did the yongle emperor send yang sanbao ? when did yongle emperor send yang sanbao into tibet ? why did yongle emperor send yang sanbao into tibet ? why did the emperor pay a small fortune in gifts ? who did the gelug exchange gifts with ? until what year frame did the gelug exchange gifts with the the ming ? what was the gelug not mentioned in ? regardless of their sectarian affiliations , who did the ming grant titles to ? who was the viceregal sakya regime overthrown by ? who believed that the ming had no real authority over tibet ? what years did the rinpungpa regime start and end ? who believed that the titles given to tibetan leaders did not confer authority ? what years did the tsangpa start and end ? what year did the jianwen emperor reign start and end ? who aided the yongle emperor ? who was yongle emperor 's father ? when did the yongle emperor invite deshin shekpa to his court ? who did the yongle emperor send to tibet ? why did the yongle emperor send hou xian and zhi guang to tibet ? when did hou xian and zhi guang return to nanjing ? where did hou xian and zhi guang travel through on their way to the karmapa ? when did deshin shekpa travels start ? where did the yongle emperor greet the karmapa ? who did the emperor give the place of honor at his left to ? who sat on a lower platform than the tibetan cleric ? who showed a great amount of respect to deshin shekpa ? at what temple did the ceremonies for the yongle emperor 's deceased parents take place ? where was the linggu temple located ? what title was deshin shekpa given at nanjing ? who did deshin shekpa persuade the yongle emperor to give the title to ? who imposed on the military might on tibet in the past ? hok-lam chan states that deshin skekpa was only invited for what purpose ? what was said to be the yongle emperor plans ? why was the yongle emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into tibet ? who convinced the yongle emperor not to send military forces into tibet ? who did the yongle emperor have a conflict with ? who aided the legitimacy of the yongle emperor 's rule ? what served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor 's succession to the throne ? according to norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the ming-tibetan relationship ? what were the items of tribute ? who believe that the ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over tibet ? what years did the zhengtong emperor reign ? who maintains an edict of the zhengtong emperor ? who was the edict addressed to ? who had a message delivered to them by zhengtong ? when was the edict written ? who did the ming cut off all relations with ? what year did the ming cut off the karmapa hierarchs ? when did deshin shekpa die ? who did the ming court think the representatives were sent by ? why did yongle order the construction ? what did yongle want to trade with tibet ? where did the trade route pass through ? why does van praag believe the ming court set up a diplomatic delegation with tibet ? what shops were catered to the tibetan market ? what visual images and symbols were on furnishings from the silk workshops ? who were the tibetan areas were ruled by ? wang and nyima believed horses were collected from tibet as what kind of tax ? who did the ming trade horses with ? who was the leader of the tümed mongols ? who did altan khan overthrow ? who did altan khan make peace with ? who convinced the ming to reopen their border markets in 1573 ? when did the hongwu emperor use military force in tibet ? when was the marquis mu ying commissioned to quell ? how many tibetan prisoners did mu ying capture ? how many animals did mu ying capture ? who was ordered to force a tibetan assault into sichuan ? what did the mid ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on ? who used the the ordos region as a place to stage raids ? where were the mongols trying to raise ? why did p. christiaan klieger believe that the ming court supported high tibetan lamas ? what policy does luciano petech and sato hisashi claim the ming held towards the tibet ? when did the ming hold the divide and rule policy ? who did yongle emperor fail to build a solid relationship with ? who did the yongle emperor give patronage to ? who were the rinpungpa leaders related to ? when did the the prince of rinbung occupy lhasa ? what was the most important event to the gelug ? when was gelug was given the right to conduct the new years prayer ? when did the zhengde emperor rule ? who 's company did the zhengde emperor enjoy ? who was the 8th karmapa lama ? who said tibet was n't an integral part of of china ? what does sperling claim did not have any control over tibet ? since what century has sperling described ming and tibet 's relation being problematic for china ? when was the manchu qing dynasty invasion ? during which dynasty does josef kolmaš claim tibet was considered an organic part of china ? josef kolmaš states that tibet became subject to what government ? who does p. christiaan klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate ? who does p. christiaan klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries ? where does p. christiaan klieger work ? who was the vice royalty of the sakya regime established by ? the sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the tibetans and mongol converts ? when was tibet included into the territory of yuan dynasty 's china ? who was said to have gained the right to rule tibet ? when was china daily started ? who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over tibet ? according to article tibet has remained under what jurisdiction ? when did the jiajing emperor reign ? what ideology was sponsored at the ming court ? who stopped their trips to ming china ? who was the grand secretary under jiajing ? who broke the eunuch influence at court ? who was zhengde 's successor ? what establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of ? which embassy did the neo-confucian establishment reject ? who did the neo-confucian establishment have animosity towards ? evelyn s. rawski claims that ming 's relationship with tibetan prelates ended during who 's reign ? what region did the tumed mongols move into ? which frontier did the tumed mongols raid ? the presence of the altan khan in the west reduced whos influence ? when did altan khan make peace with the ming dynasty ? who did altan khan invite to meet him in amdo ? what practice did altan khan put to an end ? who did altan khan persuade to convert to gelug buddhism ? what did altan khan threaten the mongol princes and subjects with if they did not convert ? who did the mongol princes ask to grant them titles ? why did the mongol princes ask for titles ? who was altan khan 's nominal superior ? to make the mongol-tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th dalai lama ? who was the first dalai lama to have political control over tibet ? when did the 5th dalai lama gain political control over tibet ? who was given the grandiose title ? who granted sonam gyatso the title of grandiose ? who did sonam gyatso send gifts to ? who was the ming chinese official ? where did sonam gyatso die ? who did the ming dynasty showed favors to ? what was the the third dalai lama allowed to do ? what title was sonam gyatso granted in 1587 ? in 1653 who did the qing emperor grant a title to ? in 1713 who did the qing emperor grant a title to ? what title was the fourth dalai lama granted ? who was the fourth dalai lama ? when did the wanli emperor grant the title master of vajradhara to yonten gyatso ? who did the wanli emperor invite to beijing in 1616 ? why did n't yonten gyatso make it to beijing ? who 's presence increased in tibet ? what were the mongols trying to reclaim ? when did the conquest of tibet reach its peak ? who 's lack of concern helped the mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of tibet ? when were the rinbung princes overthrown ? who took control of the whole of central tibet ? when did karma phuntsok namgyal reign ? who did ü-tsang king have an alliance with ? who refused an audience with the ü-tsang king ? who did the 5th dalai lama beg for help from ? what role did güshi khan take on ? which enemies did güshi khan defeat ? where did güshi khan resettle his tribe ? when did the ü-tsang forces surrender ? who did güshi khan organize a welcome ceremony for ? what did güshi khan present as a gift to the dalai lama ? who did güshi khan enthrone the ruler of tibet ? who did güshi khan grant the governing authority to ? the title of ` king of tibet belonged to whom ? who did the the chinese ming dynasty fall to ? according to kolmaš who accepted an invite from a manchu to send envoys to the capital at mukden ? who was said to have treated the dalai lama as an independent sovereign of tibet ? who tried to spread their territory into tibet ? who helped the tibetan ? when did the kangxi emperor occupy lhasa ? when was the qing dynasty garrison established in tibet ? when did the qianlong emperor reign ? which company produces the ipod ? when was the original ipod released ? how many different types of ipod are currently available ? what kind of device is the ipod ? the ipod touch uses what kind of interface ? in what year was the first ipod released ? what company manufactures the ipod ? how many versions of the ipod currently exist ? which is the smallest version of the ipod ? in what year was the ipod most recently redesigned ? in addition to playing music , what other function can the ipod perform ? what is the smallest data capacity for an ipod product ? what is the largest data capacity for an ipod product ? which ipod product features the smallest data storage capacity ? which current ipod product features the largest data storage capacity ? what 's the storage capacity of the ipod shuffle ? what 's the storage capacity for the ipod touch ? what apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices ? which operating systems are compatible with itunes ? what 's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on apple devices ? prior to ios 5 , how many apps were required to play music and videos on iphone and ipad ? in mid-2010 , which apple device had higher sales than ipod ? with what ios release did apple standardize media apps on all their products ? in what year did iphone sales surpass those of ipods ? what are the titles of the standard media apps on current apple devices ? what processor model is used in the ipod touch ? which generation of ipod touch was made availalbe in july of 2015 ? what 's the most recent generation of ipod touch ? in what year was the most recent ipod touch released ? what type of processor does the current ipod touch use ? in how many colors is the current ipod touch available ? in what year was the ipod first introduced ? in what year did ipod sales show improvement ? which apple engineer led original ipod design group ? what radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the ipod ? what was the storage capacity of the first ipod ? in what year was the original ipod released ? how large was the hard drive on the original ipod ? what other popular music player did apple compare their new product to ? what is the name of apple 's hardware engineering chief who helped design the ipod ? who manufactured the hard drives for the first ipods ? which company worked with apple in creating the user interface for the ipod ? what was the name of the font used prior to the release of the ipod mini ? in what year was the 6th gen ipod classic released ? the 6th gen ipod classic and 3rd gen ipod nano featured which font ? who supervised the design and implementation of the ipod user interface ? what software did apple use as the basis for their ipod software ? what typeface does the current ipod use ? in what year was a special edition of the ipod produced ? for what musical group was a special edition of the ipod first made ? what color was the metal on the u2 version of the ipod ? what type of media was included with purchase of the u2 version of the ipod ? of what band did apple present a special edition ipod 5g ? what color was the special u2 ipod model ? in what year did apple release the special u2 model of the ipod ? apple was involved in a lawsuit with which company in 2007 ? who previously applied for a patent for an ipod-like device ? in what country did kane kramer apply for his patent ? in what year did kane kramer apply for his patent ? what did kane kramer call the device for which he wanted a patent ? what patent holding company sued apple in 2007 ? what was the name of the previously-patented music player from 1981 ? who was the holder of the previous patent for the `` plastic music box '' ? who came up with the name for apple 's portable mp3 player ? what was vinnie chieco 's profession ? what film inspired the name of the ipod ? who first trademarked the ipod name ? in what year was apple given rights to the ipod name ? what movie inspired the ipod name ? what was the name of the copywriter that proposed the name `` ipod '' ? who held the original trademark for the ipod name ? when were images of new ipod colors leaked ? who leaked the photos of new ipod colors ? what version of itunes contained the leaked photos of new ipod colors ? what was the latest version of itunes as of mid-2015 ? who first leaked the photos of the new ipod color scheme ? what audio deficiency was found in the 3rd gen ipods ? what kind of headphones could partially mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen ipods ? what is an example of a device that could entirely mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen ipods ? what part of audio output was substandard on 3rd generation ipods ? what component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation ipod ? what acoustic element could be distorted by different audio settings in ipods prior to 2007 ? name four sound profiles that would result in bass distortion on pre-2007 ipods . what specific problem caused the issue with bass distortion ? ipods released before what year had issues with distorted bass ? what eq settings were known to have issues with bass distortion ? what type of sensory issue was a concern prior to the release of 5th gen ipods ? in what markets did 6th gen ipods limit the highest volume of the player ? what was the limit imposed on how loud the ipod could play sounds in the eu ? in what country did apple have to recall ipods ? what is the highest volume output level of european 6th-generation ipods ? what country originally pulled ipods due to higher-than-allowed volume levels ? what was the first type of connection used by the ipod to charge and transfer files ? what was an alternate method of charging the ipod ? what type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the ipod ? in which generation did ipod start providing compatibility with usb ? 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what microsoft media format is not natively supported by apple devices ? what does drm stand for ? what computer os did ipod software exclusively work with at launch ? what are some examples of audio formats supported by the ipod ? what was the first model to support jpeg and other still image formats ? how many hosts are recognized by an ipod the first time they 're used ? what will be erased if an ipod is set to sync with a different computer ? what must an ipod be connected to before itunes can synchronize ? how many buttons do most ipods use ? on what part of newer ipods can you find the buttons ? where are the controls located on the 3rd gen ipod shuffle ? what kind of interface does the ipod touch use instead of the click wheel ? what other device shares the interface used by the ipod touch ? most ipods feature how many buttons ? the 3rd generation of which ipod model had its controls only on the earphone cable ? which other apple product does the ipod touch share an interface and os with ? 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what is an item that owners of ipods may also purchase ? how much revenue did apple announce for q2 2007 ? in which year did apple top sales of 100,000,000 ipods ? as of 2007 , what percentage of apple 's revenue came from ipod sales ? what was apple 's revenue for q3 2007 ? desktop computers made up how much of apple 's revenue in the third quarter of 2007 ? how much money did apple make in 2007 ? what was the value of apple 's cash assets at the end of 2007 ? with the help of strong ipod sales , how much profit did they turn in 2007 ? when did apple reveal it had achieved its highest quarterly earnings to date ? what was apple 's highest quarterly profit as of q1 2008 ? how much of apple 's revenue resulted from purchases of laptop computers in q1 2008 ? what percentage of apples revenue in 1q08 came from ipods , more than doubling the percentage of notebook sales ? who was chief financial officer of apple in july of 2009 ? from what year did ipod purchases begin to continuously decline ? how much revenue did ipod sales account for in q4 2008 ? approximately how many total ipods had been sold by late 2009 ? which was the first year since ipod 's introduction that no new model was released ? what rank did ipod achieve among various computer products in 2006 ? what kind of reviews do ipods tend to get ? what two companies use the aac format for music files ? what file format is not supported by sony ericsson and nokia ? which publication praised ipods for revolutionizing the industry ? which phone manufacturers adopted the aac file format to become better ipod-compatible ? which pc magazine praised the ipod for having `` altered the landscape for portable audio players '' ? aside from recreational use , in what other arena have ipods found use ? what are two purposes for which ipods are used in business ? what is the name of a company that uses ipods as part of its training ? where is royal and western infirmaries located ? what university gave an ipod to first year students in 2004 ? what publication lauded the ipod for enabling people to listen to thousands of songs on a portable player ? which major university began issuing ipods to all incoming freshmen starting in 2004 ? which magazine placed the ipod on its best of the decade list for the 00 's ? what period of music did the ipod help bring to a close ? in which industry did the ipod have a major impact ? what did the ipod promote that prompted a big change in the music industry ? the ease of collecting singles with the ipod and itunes is credited with ending what `` era '' in pop music ? how long were 5th generation ipods marketed as being able to function before needing to be charged ? which website criticized apple 's battery life claims ? in what year was apple sued for issues relating to its battery life ? discrepancy in what spec brought about a class action suit against apple in 2003 ? how many hours of real-time battery life did the 5th-generation ipod test at , compared to its advertised 14 hours ? whose directions can be followed to interact with ipod batteries ? what did apple originally tell consumers to purchase when their ipod batteries no longer worked ? what kind of battery does the ipod use ? which ipod component did apple somewhat inconveniently made non-replaceable ? what type of rechargeable battery does apple use in its ipods ? what did apple launch on november 14 , 2003 ? how much did ipod owners originally have to pay for replacement batteries ? what was needed to replace an ipod nano battery ? what generation saw ipod batterys being affixed with glue ? in what year did apple begin a formal battery replacement program ? what was the original price for a replacement battery from apple ? which ipod model has its battery soldered into the unit ? what part of the ipod nano was the cause of the overheating issue ? what program allowed users to exchange ipod nanos which suffered from overheating problems with new safe models ? what are two subjects of criticism of ipods ? what website ran a survey to learn how often ipods ceased working ? how often did macintouch discover ipods stopped working , according to their survey ? when did ipod owners take issue with the fragility of the ipod screen ? what did apple include with the ipod to resolve the screen problem ? which type of ipod storage proved more reliable than hard drive storage ? the first generation nano suffered from which component getting damaged easily ? what publication revealed information about the working conditions of ipod labor ? what governs ipod manufacturers ' labor policies ? what percentage of the time did the mail on sunday claim workers labored for at least seven straight days ? which british tabloid accused apple of unfair worker conditions in 2006 ? what percentage of apple 's manufacturing employees worked over 60 hour weeks ? who did apple partner with to monitor its labor policies ? what organization did apple join to monitor its labor policies ? what company was found to be violating apple 's labor policies ? where was the foxconn plant located ? what was the name of apple 's manufacturing company that was accused of overworking its employees ? what auditor company did apple hire to oversee worker conditions following the controversy ? in what year did foxconn workers first unionize ? in what year did chinese foxconn emplyees kill themselves ? what disappeared in 2009 prior to the suicide of a foxconn employee ? in what year did several foxconn workers commit suicide ? what attribute of the united states could be thought to lead more international and less domestic employment opportunities ? to work as a boot disk for a mac , what file system must an ipod be formatted with ? if connected to a windows pc when first set up , what file system will an ipod be formatted with ? what category of game is legend of zelda : twilight princess ? what consoles can be used to play twilight princess ? when was twilight princess launched in north america ? when could gamecube owners purchase twilight princess ? what company developed legend of zelda : twilight princess ? what year was the legend of zelda : twilight princess originally planned for release ? what year was the wii version of legend of zelda : twilight princess released ? who is the main character of the story ? what land does link serve to protect ? what character helped link in twilight princess ? who is the protagonist is legend of zelda ? what is the name of the mysterious creature that assists link ? this storyline takes place alternate from what storyline ? what accolade did twilight princess receive after its release ? under which brand was twilight princess for the nintendo wii published ? when is the hd version of twilight princess slated for launch ? at the time of release which episode of the legend of zelda series was considered the greatest entry ? how many game of the year awards did twilight princess receive ? what year was twilight princess the most critically acclaimed game ? what year will the game release a high-definition port for the wii u console ? what are the three main activities in the legend of zelda : twilight princess ? twilight princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game ? what can be used to shoot without the need to manually target enemies ? what is link 's main weapon ? what secondary weapon in twilight princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games ? what genre of game is twilight princess ? twilight princess follows the control scheme introduced in what game ? what 2 main weapons does link use in combat ? what control can be used while targeting that allows the player to forego manual targeting ? many different types of interaction can be controlled by how many buttons ? where can players see what action will be performed in different scenarios ? if link is not moving , where will he put the projectile he 's carrying ? what mechanic allows one button to serve many functions ? what shows what action the button will trigger ? where is the speaker located on the wii console ? what sound do users here when uncovering secrets in the game ? what part of the wii is employed to use weapons ? aside from the sword , what is another weapon that link can use ? how many weapons can be equipped by link if playing twilight princess on a gamecube ? the wii version makes use of what kind of sensors ? what device on the wii allows for sounds of a bowstring to be heard ? how many dungeon instances are provided in twilight princess ? what does link fight in dungeons ? what provides a bridge between the different dungeons ? what is the name of link 's steed ? what must link solve throughout the game ? who must link fight at the end of a dungeon level ? what connects the dungeons ? what form does link take in the twilight realm ? what is link 's main form of offense in wolf form ? hostile spirits are also known as what ? who provides helpful information to link ? link 's wolf form is faster than what other form ? what does link transform into when he enters the twilight realm ? who is midna ? what are poes ? what does ai stand for ? what is a game whose enemies have more rudimentary programming than those in twilight princess ? what do enemies do to defeated companions ? what feature of the enemies in twilight princess is more advanced ? who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in previous games ? through what can link 's reaction and mood can be discerned ? which person has the most spoken dialogue in the game ? who provided the basis for midna 's voice ? what country does akiko komoto come from ? what does link say when attacking ? how does link express emotions ? what character has the most voice acting ? who does the voice of midna ? what is link 's job at the start of twilight princess ? what do the bulbins take from ordon ? who releases link from the realm of twilight ? what does link have to gather in order to complete each area ? where is link working as a ranch hand ? who attacks the village ? what must link collect ? what does link assist midna in collection ? who attacks link and midna when they 've finished their collection tasks ? what weapon can transform link back to his original self ? who saves midna ? where do the zoras come from ? what does link help midna find ? who ambushes link and midna ? what does link discover he needs to find to return to human form ? who sacrifices herself to save midna ? what does link obtain that gives him control over his transformations ? where does midna take link after he acquires the master sword ? who was the mirror of twilight used to fight prior to zant ? where is ganondorf located after zant 's defeat ? whose body is used as a proxy by ganondorf in order to fight link ? what allows link to switch between his two forms ? what is the only known gateway between twilight realm & hyrule ? who is revealed as the true ruler of twilight realm ? who did zant form a pact with ? what does ganondorf transform into ? what possession of midna does ganondorf destroy ? where does link depart from at the end of the game ? which character helps link get ganondorf off of his horse ? to what part of his body does link deliver the killing blow to ganondorf ? who resurrects midna after the fight with ganondorf ? who does midna teleport ? what does ganondorf crush ? what does midna destroy ? in what year did nintendo reveal the start of development on what would become twilight princess ? at what event was a potential follow-up to the wind waker mentioned ? what region of the world did nintendo want to design the next legend of zelda game for ? what was one feature that could not be implemented in ocarina of time ? what year did nintendo announce a new legend of zelda was in the works for gamecube ? who was the director that unintentionally announced a zelda game was in the works ? what was the specific area of gameplay that had not been done in ocarina of time ? how long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner ? where did nintendo preview the horseback riding feature ? what console was home to the sequel for the wind waker ? what was the name of the second wind waker game ? when did the company release a trailer of the horseback riding aspect ? what does link morph into in a link to the past ? aonuma left the twilight princess development team to work on which other game ? what was the working name for the wii prior to release ? who proposed that the wii remote be used in the control scheme for twilight princess ? who created the script for the story scenes ? what device seemed well-suited for link 's arrow shooting ability ? what kind of interface was used for in-game archery ? what was the originally-planned launch year for twilight princess ? which nintendo employee was confident in the potential of developing two versions of twilight princess ? what was the original release date for gamecube ? what console boasted compatibility with the wii ? where did nintendo provide a limited number of twilight princess previews ? at e3 in 2005 , what console did nintendo reveal the next zelda game would be developed for ? when did nintendo announce zelda would appear on the wii ? what kind of movement interfaced with the sword in twilight princess ? who provided information about the game 's controls in december of 2005 ? what ended up not being supported in the gamecube version of twilight princess ? in what year did nintendo reveal that the two different releases of twilight princess were planned for launch at the same time as the wii ? how long was the gamecube version of twilight princess delayed ? what magazine mentioned players would be able to use the revolution controller ? when did nintendo announce both versions of twilight princess would be available at the wii launch ? what did early users find hard to use about the game ? using items in the game took over the controls used for what weapon ? who wanted gestures implemented for sword control ? when twilight princess was finally released for wii , in what hand did link wield his sword ? what features did aonuma work to improve after the demo complaints ? who wrote the music for twilight princess ? who was in charge of overseeing audio production ? who worked adapting the score for performance by an orchestra ? who wrote the music used in the game 's trailer and demo ? who created orchestral arrangements for the game ? who was to conduct the ensemble that would perform the pieces ? what kind of instruments are favored by kondo ? how many people would be in the orchestra kondo imagined using for the soundtrack ? when was the soundtrack of twilight princess made available ? which publication was associated with the soundtrack release ? who made the requests for kondo to use orchestral music throughout the game ? when were track versions of the game 's sountrack released ? what were replicas of the master sword and hylian shield bundled with ? what kind of error was found in twilight princess for wii ? what does elf stand for ? which issue of the wii menu fixed the issue with twilight princess ? what was the name of the hack discovered ? what versions of the wii menu prevented copying the exploited files ? what version of the wii patched the hack vulnerability ? which company is responsible for the hd version of twilight princess ? for which console is twilight princess hd being made ? when were plans for twilight princess hd revealed ? on what date is twilight princess hd scheduled for australian release ? what is the name of the remastered game ? what company is developing the remaster ? what kind of functionality will the remaster feature ? when will the game be released in america ? what special item is included with certain versions of twilight princess hd ? which two amiibo figures reload link 's stock of arrows ? which two amiibo figures heal link ? which amiibo figure makes link lose more health when attacked ? what is the name of the area that players with the wolf link amiibo can access ? what will special bundles of the game contain ? what is the level called that the special amiibo will unlock ? what characters will be able to replenish arrows ? what figures restore health ? what company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the game prior to release ? how many tracks were recorded on the preorder cd ? in what areas is the content of the gamestop bonus cd provided for all versions of the game ? what was included as a gamestop preorder item ? what kind of scores did twilight princess receive from many video game review sources ? which sites gave the wii copy of twilight princess scores of 95 % and 95 ? who counted the game among the best ever made ? what was the reception of twilight princess ? what scores did it receive from major game publications ? what is the average score of twilight princess on metacritic ? what reviewer called twilight princess `` one of the greatest games ever created '' ? which publications reported some issues with the graphics of twilight princess ? which journalist criticized the wii version for its controls ? which game publication does jeff gerstmann work for ? which game journalist was perturbed by a lack of voiced dialogue ? which publication does javier glickman write for ? what 2 critics suggested the game had blurry textures and low resolution ? what critic considered the cd to be the best of the generation ? who specifically commended the game for the very long quests ? the version of twilight princess fo which console won three ign awards ? what was twilight princess 's rank among all nintendo games according to nintendo magazine ? where did twilight princess place among wii titles according to ign ? where did twilight princess rank on nintendo power 's list of nintendo games in the 2000s ? what 2 critics gave twilight princess awards for best graphics and best story ? what award did game critics awards and gamespy give twilight princess ? what place did the game take in nintendo 's official list of 100 greatest nintendo games of all time ? what place did ign give the game on the wii console ? what is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in north , central or south america ? how many units of the wii version of twilight princess had been purchased by the end of march 2011 ? how many units of the gamecube version of twilight princess had been purchased by the end of march 2007 ? what region is twilight princess the best - selling zelda entry ? how many copies of the game had been sold as of march 2011 ? how many copies of the game had been sold on gamecube as of march 2007 ? who wrote and provided art for a twilight princess comic book series ? the twilight princess manga was only available in what country ? who published the twilight princess comic book series ? what kind of device can access the twilight princess manga ? which company made spectre ? who is the star of spectre ? what role does daniel craig play in spectre ? what 007 movie did sam mendes previously direct ? how much money did it take to make spectre ? how many james bond films has eon productions produced ? which bond film was the most expensive ever made ? how many films has daniel craig appeared in as james bond ? which two movie studios distributed the james bond film spectre ? who directed spectre ? what group is the enemy of the protagonist ? which movie was spectre originally featured in ? which three personalities from previous films appear in spectre ? which actor plays the role of mr. hinx ? what role is performed by monica bellucci ? which recurring james bond characters appear in spectre ? what actress portrays dr. madeleine swann in spectre ? what actor portrays mr. hinx in spectre ? when was diamonds are forever released ? on what date was spectre first shown in the uk ? where was the first screening of spectre ? what was the us release date for spectre ? what were two subjects of accolades for spectre ? for what category did spectre receive a golden globe award ? what was the first james bond film to be screened at imax theaters ? what was the theme song for the james bond film spectre ? on what holiday do insurgents plan to detonate a bomb ? who removed james bond from active service ? who is m 's rival ? what group does c support england joining ? which character is promoted to m ? which holiday was the terrorist bombing planned for ? which two intelligence groups merged to form joint intelligence service ? what does bond take from marco sciarra ? where does bond go after his suspension ? what group did sciarra belong to ? who is the head of spectre ? what is mr. hinx 's job ? who performs research for bond ? where does sciarra 's funeral take place ? who is the leader of spectre ? what is the name of the spectre assassin who tracks bond ? which member of spectre had been presumed to be dead ? what is white suffering from when bond finds him ? who is white 's daughter ? how does white deal with his condition ? where does james find dr. swann ? where is l'americain located ? what is mr. white dying of ? who does mr. white ask james bond to protect ? where is the l'americain hotel ? who kidnaps dr. swann ? what method of transportation is used to get to oberhauser 's base ? who is the link between oberhauser and bond ? what did oberhauser call himself after he faked his death ? after staging his own death , what name did hanz oberhauser begin to use ? where is bond brought after he is kidnapped ? who does bond meet in the mi6 building ? where does blofeld get arrested ? who does m fight with ? who prevents nine eyes from going online ? which characters falls to their death , m or c ? what did spectre originally stand for ? who fought over the movie rights for thunderball ? in what year did mcclory and fleming reach an agreement ? which movie was a modern version of thunderball ? what was the name of a proposed remake of thunderball that was never made ? in what year did fleming settle with mcclory ? what was the name of the remake of thunderball ? which bond novel first featured spectre ? who ended up with ownership of spectre ? what was spectre 's original name ? which company is danjaq , llc associated with ? in what year were rights to spectre worked out ? which film studio won the full copyright film rights to spectre ? how was the spectre acronym originally written ? what is the name of the llc sister company of eon productions ? what company was targeted by leaks of company information ? who was responsible for leaks of sony movie projects ? which film writer 's work was included in leaks of spectre information ? which company verified contents of the leaked information ? when did hackers get into the sony pictures e-mail system ? who wrote the early drafts of the script for spectre ? what company confirmed that an early version of the spectre script had been leaked ? which actor portrayed franz oberhauser ? in what year was hannes oberhauser identified as a guardian of james bond ? who were the writers of spectre ? which group in previous bond films was changed to be a part of spectre instead of its own entity ? what is the name of the short story in which hannes oberhauser appeared ? who was bond 's full time guardian ? in which bond story did the name oberhauser first appear ? what actor portrayed franz oberhauser ? in which movie was the quantum organization first introduced ? quantum is a division of what other organization ? what is the name of a location in spectre which draws its inspiration from an ian fleming short story ? who wrote the book colonel sun ? what short story inspired the name hildebrand rarities and antiques ? `` the hildebrand rarity '' is from what short story collection ? which character tortures bond ? what is the name of the mi6 safehouse ? when were the actors in spectre announced ? which actor portrayed m ? which actress portrayed eve moneypenny ? which actor portrayed q ? which actor portrayed bill tanner ? how many times has daniel craig portrayed james bond in films ? which actor portrays bill tanner ? which three actors reprised supporting roles for spectre ? who did christoph waltz portray in spectre ? what is franz oberhauser 's other name ? who played severine in the previous bond film ? in what movie was mr. white originally supposed to die ? how old was monica bellucci when she filmed spectre ? which actress was cast in the role of severine in skyfall ? in what movie was it originally planned to kill the character mr. white ? how many actual people were used for the opening sequence of spectre ? which actor portrayed marco sciarra ? estrella was played by which actress ? when was the opening scene of spectre filmed ? where was the pre-title scene in spectre filmed ? in which country were the scenes with detlef bothe shot ? who was cast as marco sciarra ? what character did stephanie sigma portray ? who was the last person to direct two james bond movies in a row before mendes ? who served as production designer for spectre ? who did hoyte van hoytema replace as cinematographer ? which two consecutive bond films did mendes direct ? which film had a larger production staff , spectre or skyfall ? which bond film is daniel craig listed as a co-producer ? who directed the living daylights and licence to kill ? neal purvis and robert wade have worked on how many bond films ? what were three sites used for filming spectre ? what kind of film was used to shoot the movie ? where did initial shoots for the film take place ? how long did it take to film spectre ? what type of film was used ? in what film studio was some of the film shot ? when did spectre begin production in austria ? when did the austrian filming of spectre finish ? what location was the focus of the austrian leg of spectre 's production ? what part of his body did craig injure ? what building was used in the film as the hoffler klinik ? where was the hoffler klinik supposed to be located ? near what glacier in austria was filming done ? what are two landmarks in rome used in filming spectre ? which group was responsible for the c-x75s featured in spectre ? for which auto maker did williams first develop the c-x75 ? how many engines did the c-x75 originally have ? where in england were scenes shot that represented a location in rome ? what bridge in rome was a filming location ? what two cars were featured in a chase scene along the banks of the tiber river ? which formula one racing team developed the c-x75 's used for filming . what company did the williams formula one team originally build the c-x75 prototype for ? where did spectre filming take place after rome ? which celebration was featured in the mexico city part of the production ? which areas were shown in the day of the dead scene in spectre ? how many additional actors were needed for the shoot in mexico city ? where were the scenes featuring planes shot ? what festival was included in the scenes shot in mexico ? what type of helicopter was used for the flight scenes ? where in mexico were the day of the dead scenes shot ? where did craig go to deal with his injury ? when did craig go back to work ? in what city did daniel craig have minor surgery to repair his knee ? which bridges were shut down because of filming ? which organization provided water for weather effects ? which river was used in some of the shoots taking place in london ? where is mi6 based ? filming closed which two bridges in london ? who helped the filmakers simulate rain while shooting in london ? where were the scenes of ralph fiennes in a restaurant shot ? where stunt scenes on the thames shot during the day or the night ? which three locations in morocco were used in filming ? what guinness record was set during the filming of spectre ? who was the guinness record attributed to ? how long did it take to shoot spectre ? where did production go to after leaving london ? what guinness world record does the film hold ? how many day did filming take the guinness world record was credited to which production designer ? how much money were possible changes to the mexico city section of the film rumored to have saved the production ? which bond producer would not confirm that the film had been changed to accommodate mexican authorities ? in what other country , besides mexico , did the film experience administrative issues with local authorities ? which country did skyfall move its pre-title sequence filming to ? who wrote the music for spectre ? when was the soundtrack of spectre first available for purchase in the uk ? what company published the spectre soundtrack ? who composed the score for the film ? which record label was the soundtrack album released on ? did thomas newman compose the score after filming or during filming ? when was the theatrical trailer of the movie released ? what was the name of the song played during the opening credits ? how many recording sessions did it take to complete the song ? which version of the theme was used in the actual movie ? who is the vocalist on writing 's on the wall ? when was the main theme of spectre made available in digital format ? what song was the spectre theme comapred to unfavorably ? what former bond theme singer was the subject of extensive activity on twitter when the spectre theme was released ? what group wrote music for the film that ended up not being used ? what artist performed the theme song for skyfall ? the release of writing 's on the wall caused what name to trend on twitter ? which english band also composed a song for the film ? which companies revealed spectre 's official car ? how many db10s were made for the movie ? which team displayed the bond logo during the mexican grand prix ? what were the two db10s that were not needed for filming used for ? how many db10 's were produced ? what logo did the williams race team have on their cars for the 2015 mexican grand prix ? images of what item were posted by eon while the movie was being made ? for what film did eon first use this method of promotion ? on which social media accounts was the film promoted ? what other bond film was promoted on social media ? what comedy production did spectre actors appear in ? on what tv station did red nose day appear ? in what month was the preview of spectre released in movie theaters ? when was the first teaser trailer of spectre released ? what show did several members of the cast and crew appear on in march 2015 ? who wrote the comedy sketch for the cast and crew ? where was the first showing of spectre held ? on what date was spectre first shown for general audiences ? what movie prompted imax to show spectre ? what film opening was changed so it did n't compete with spectre ? which film had a wider release in the uk , skyfall or spectre ? how much money had spectre made by 2/21/2016 ? how much revenue did spectre generate from the united states , mexico and canada by 2/21/2016 ? how much revenue did spectre produce from the british , scottish , and irish market by 2/21/2016 ? how much did spectre make in its first week ? which movie previously had the highest earnings for its first seven days ? what movie did spectre unseat as having the highest earnings for imax screenings in the uk ? how much money did spectre gross on it 's opening day in the uk ? what film previously held the uk record for highest first week opening gross ? spectre passed which movie to become the highest grossing imax release in the uk ? spectre passed which movie to have the largest per screen opening average ? terrorist activity in what french city impacted spectre 's earnings ? how much more did spectre earn compared with skyfall in the indian market ? in paris , what movie has generated more ticket revenue than spectre ? how much did spectre make in its opening in south korea ? what is the only film to have a higher ticket sale in paris than spectre ? what movie did spectre beat to become top movie of the year in switzerland ? how many imax screens showed spectre on its opening weekend in the us and canada ? how much money did spectre make in its first weekend in the us and canada ? how much money did preview showings generate in the us and canada ? which film grossed more money for its opening weekend in the north american market , skyfall or spectre ? how many imax screens was spectre shown on in north america ? what day of the week was spectre released in north america ? on what day and month was spectre released to the chinese market ? how much more money did spectre make during its first weekend in china than skyfall ? by the weekend after its china release , how much had revenue decreased ? how much had spectre made in its first month in china ? spectre came in second in opening day gross in china behind what movie ? how much money did spectre gross after four weekends in china ? what was metacritics score for spectre ? how many individual ratings contributed to metacritics score ? what percentage of spectre reviews did rotten tomatoes find to be in favor of the film ? who did cinemascore ask for input on the film ? what percentage of review on rotten tomatoes were positive ? what was the movie 's rating on metacritic ? who gave spectre a perfect rating in the daily telegraph ? a writer for which publication rated the film 7.2 / 10 ? what score did mark kermode give spectre ? how many stars did mark kermode of the guardian aware spectre prior to its release ? which journalist considered spectre the worst james bond movie in three decades ? which writer for the san francisco chronicle awarded spectre with a perfect score ? what score did the writer from the chicago tribune give to spectre ? the reviewer from variety compares spectre to which other bond movie ? which atlantic writer gave a negative review of spectre ? what adjective did lawrence toppman use to describe craig 's portrayal of james bond ? what publication does alyssa rosenberg write for ? what was the catch phrase lawrence toppman of the charlotte observer used for the film ? whic organization is responsible for filtering movie content in india ? which social media site was used for complaining about the indian censoring ? christoph waltz 's appearance in future bond movies is contingent on the appearance of which other actor ? when will work being on the follow-up to spectre ? when will the sequel to spectre being development ? in what year did the earthquake in sichuan occur ? what was the earthquake named ? how many people were killed as a result ? what year did the sichuan earthquake take place ? what did the quake measure ? what day did the earthquake occur ? what time of the day did the quake happen ? how many people died ? which far away cities in other countries could feel the earthquake ? what was the focal depth of the earthquake ? how long after the earthquake were aftershocks felt ? what is another name for the earthquake in sichuan ? where was the epicenter of the earthquake ? how far was it from chengdu ? what was the focal depth of the quake ? how many people were confirmed dead ? how many people were confirmed dead only in the sichuan province ? how many people were left homeless because of the earthquake ? how many people lived in the affected area ? how much money was dedicated to rebuild ravaged areas ? how many people died in sichuan province ? how many were injured in sichuan ? how many people are listed as missing ? how many people are homeless because of the quake ? how high could the homeless number possibly go ? where was the epicenter ? how long did the earthquake last ? what percentage of buildings were destroyed ? what was the magnitude of the earthquake ? how long did the main tremor last ? what percentage of buildings were destroyed during the quake ? on what fault did the earthquake occur ? where is the longmenshan fault located ? how long did the rupture last ? how deep was the focus of the earthquake ? along what fault line did the quake happen ? on which fracture did the quake focus ? when wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption ? what was the most displacement caused by the earthquake ? when was the confidential written report sent to the state seismological bureau ? when was geng 's drought-earthquake correlation theory released ? what did researcher geng qingguo say was sent to the state seismological bureau ? what did this report warn about ? what was the predicted time of the quake ? what did geng long try to establish as a relationship with earthquakes ? what did an official with the seismological bureau deny receiving ? how large was the displacement ? who warned of possible seismic activity in the area beforehand ? what did the united states geological survey show as the amount of displacement ? how long was the fault where the quake occurred ? how deep is the fault ? where on the fault is the possibility of future earthquakes increased ? what did tom parsons consider as the risk factor for strong future quakes ? how many people were killed in the hanshin earthquake ? how did yuji yagi say the quake happened ? what fault tore in two places ? besides the population density , what else contributed to the severity of the quake ? how much greater was the energy of this quake than that released in the earthquake of 1995 in japan ? why did the seismic waves travel so far ? how many aftershocks were there ? when were the aftershocks recorded ? when did the latest magnitude 6 aftershock occur ? how many aftershocks were there within 72 hours ? what do the chinese say is the total number of shocks after the quake ? what did the strongest aftershock measure ? how many shocks ranged from 4.0 ms to 4.9 ms ? at what date did the most recent aftershock above 6 ms occur ? when did this earthquake occur ? where did this earthquake occur ? why was it not included in the series ? where should you look for more details ? where was the august 30 , 2008 quake ? 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besides power disruption , what caused telecommunications to be suspended ? how many wireless communications failed in sichuan ? whose service in wenchuan was cut off ? how many of china unicom 's towers were cut ? what place could officials not contact ? how many pandas live at the reserve ? how many british visitors to the reserve left unharmed ? how many pandas were injured ? what nature center was cutoff ? how many pandas escaped the reserve ? how many security guards died at the reserve ? what famous panda was killed under the rubble ? what power plant was damaged ? how far away was the plant located from the epicenter ? how many troops were allocated to zipingpu ? how many dams were damaged ? what power plant was damaged by the earthquake ? how near to the epicenter was the power plant ? what has a recent inspection found about the damage to the power plant ? what might possibly collapse upstream from the power plant ? what is the total number of dams damaged ? how many deaths were reported ? 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how economically forward has this area been ? where is health care poor in china ? what did the vice minster of health call the public health system in china ? what should the government of china be responsible for providing to earthquake survivors ? how many school children died due to shoddy construction ? how many schools collapsed in mianyang city ? how many people were buried in the collapsed schools ? how many school buildings collapsed in the province ? how many students were buried in a school in hanwang ? what caused the deaths of many school children ? how many schools collapsed in mianyang city how many people were buried under rubble in mianyang city ? how many school buildings fell in the entire province ? how many were killed at the juyuan elementary school ? when did an investigation occur under school casualties ? when was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released ? how many students were killed in xinhua ? how many students were disabled in xinhua ? 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after the quake what kind of international team was sent to the area ? what was the team sent to china to make ? what kind of reasons do their findings show ? what areas were the hardest hit ? who was an assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the california institute of technology ? what part of china did the earthquake occur in ? what did swaminathan krishnan mean when he said the buildings were just built ? what manner of building codes are there in china ? what were many of these old buildings built without ? what is an estimate of the economic loss from the quake ? what damage did the major sichuan cities have ? what is an estimate of losses to economics ? whose is this one of the costliest disasters in history of ? which cities in sichuan had minor damage ? how many buildings collapsed as a result of the may 27th aftershocks ? how strong was the may 25 aftershock in qingchuan county ? how many people were injured in the may 25 aftershock ? how many homes were destroyed because of the may 27 aftershocks ? during the may 27 aftershock , how many people were injured ? where was the aftershock of august 5 that caused widespread hill slides ? who was the executive vice governor ? how many homes were rebuilt ? how many homes were left without permanent shelter ? how many schools were reconstructed ? who spoke about the dead and missing people on november 21 , 2008 ? how many people did wei hong say were dead or missing ? how many homes had been rebuilt ? how many houses were still under construction ? how many families were still without permanent homes ? who flew to the earthquake area 90 minutes after it hit ? what was premier wen jiabao 's background in ? what did jiabao oversee in the region ? how many troops were dispatched by the chengdu military ? how soon after the earthquake was premier wen jiabao on his way to the area ? how many medical teams were sent to wenchuan county ? how many troops were sent to the area for relief work ? besides the rough terrain , why was it difficult to get to the area ? what did the national disaster relief commission initiate ? what does a level ii emergency contingency plan cover ? when did the plan rise to level i ? what level alert was instated for the quake ? what class of disasters is a level ii emergency ? what level was the disaster set at 22:15 cst , may 12 ? what department initiated the emergency contingency plan ? how many people were in the earthquake emergency relief team ? how many of the relief team were from the state seismological bureau ? how many of the team were from the military ? how many of the team were from the police ? what kind of team left beijing to go to wenchuan ? how many people comprised the relief team ? how many soldiers were from the beijing military ? where did 22 of the relief team come from ? how did the relief team travel to wenchuan county ? what did the china digital times report ? who was the construction engineer known as ? where was an article reported about the scandal ? what was the name of the person who published a report in the china digital times ? what was june 1 , 2008 called ? where were most of the surviving children ? what did these children do on that day ? where did parents go to mourn their children ? when is children 's day ? where were surviving children living ? how much did central state-owned enterprises donate ? how much did china national petroleum corp and sinopec donate ? how much have central state enterprises donated ? how much did china national petroleum and sinopec donate ? how much did china receive in donated money and goods ? how many countries donated ? how many international organizations donated ? what country was the largest aid donor to china ? how much financial assistance did saudi arabia give china ? how much money was donated from foreign sources ? what country was the largest aid donor to china ? how many international organizations made donations ? what did the state council establish in 2008 ? how long did the plan last ? what did the state council set up in 2008 ? what is the basis for this plan ? 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how long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude ? how long since the sichuan area has had a severe quake ? does the scientific community agree that earthquake prediction is possible ? people wanted to know if the study of what math could produce better predictions ? what is not an established science ? what department was ready to join the rescue effort by wednesday ? how many tibetan villagers were stranded ? what was the reason that many rescue teams could not join the relief efforts ? what action did the red cross recommend ? what problem continued to stop rescue teams from reaching affected areas ? where were the soldiers under commander yang wenyao trying to go ? what natural disasters were occurring in wenchuan county ? how many helicopters were deployed ? how many militia reservists joined in on rescue efforts ? how many survivors were found ? how many troops parachuted into mao county ? what were the biggest difficulties in reaching affected areas ? how many helicopters were sent to deliver aid to the affected areas ? by may 13 , how many troops had been added to the rescue efforts ? how people were reported to be survivors in yingxiu town ? how many persons were still unaccounted for in yingxiu ? what did premier wen jiabao order ? how many helicopters were provided by the plaaf ? how many helicopter were to be provided by the civil aviation industry ? how many aircraft were there in total ? what is the total number of aircraft used in the relief operation ? how many helicopters came from the plaaf ? who provided the other 30 helicopters ? what kind of operation did this massing of aircraft produce ? what foundation wanted to aid beijing ? where was the foundation based ? when did beijing agree to aid from taiwan ? what was the first group from outside china to join in the relief operation ? what did china say they would accept ? what did china need help for ? who made a direct chartered cargo flight ? what date did the cargo flight leave ? when did a rescue team depart ? how did the move the relief supplies from taiwan to the stricken area ? 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on what date did a rescue helicopter crash with no survivors ? what was done for the anniversary ? where did the government open access to ? how long was it opened for ? what did china do to mark the first anniversary of the quake ? what will the beichuan county seat be used for ? what kind of event were given to raise money for quake survivors ? what is the beichuan museum meant to remind people of ? what was also donated ? what companies received the money ? after the quake , people from where in china made donations ? what caused long lines in most major cities ? what were the chinese setting up to take in donations ? how did a lot of people donate using mobile phones ? how much had the chinese government designated by may 16 ? how many tents were flown to the region ? how many quilts were flown to the region ? how much were both supplies worth ? what county were the supplies flown to ? how many tents did the sichuan ministry provide for the homeless ? what group took tents and quilts to wenchuan county ? how much has the amity foundation designated for disaster relief ? how many tents did the sichuan ministry of affairs provide ? what were all these tents and quilts for ? what foundation had already begun relief work in the area ? how many schoolrooms collapsed in the quake ? what catch-phrase was invented as a result of collapsed schools ? why did so many schools collapse during the earthquake ? what are the estimations of how many schoolrooms collapsed ? what has the citizenry started calling these type of schools ? what can illegal children be registered as in place of their dead siblings ? what did cctv-1 host on the evening of may 18th ? who was the show hosted by ? how large were the donations from the program ? how much did jackie chan donate to support ? what was the name of the music video that jackie chan made for the event ? what was the program that cctv-1 hosted ? what did the donations total for the program ? what company gave the most ? how much did actor jackie chan donate ? what was the name of chan 's music video ? what did a professor at the peking university say about the handling of the earthquake ? what did myanmar block after cyclone nargis ? what did a peking professor say about chinese media coverage ? who praised chinese media coverage as being democratic ? in which previous catastrophe not live up to international standards ? what formed behind blockages ? how many quake lakes formed ? how many of the lakes were a danger to people ? what was the magnitude of the sichuan earthquake ? what blocked many of the area 's rivers ? what formed behind the blocked rivers ? by may 27 , how many earthquake lakes had formed up behind landslide debris ? what had to be evacuated due to potential flooding ? where was the most precarious quake lake located ? how could you only get to this quake lake ? what machinery was airlifted into the location ? how many people were evacuated downstream ? what was the fear that caused 200,000 people to be evacuated from mianyang ? where was the worst of the quake lakes located ? where is mount tangjia ? how many soldiers had to travel to the area by foot ? who declared the mourning period ? what did the state council declare a period of ? this was the biggest display of mourning since the death of who ? when did the chinese hold a moment of silence ? what came to a halt during the moment of silence ? how long was the national mourning for the quake victims to last ? what was suspended for the duration of the mourning period ? where was the relay scheduled to take place ? what was suspended during the period of mourning ? where was the torch relay supposed to take place ? what part of the relay did they change ? where was there a minute of silence during the relay ? what colors did many websites convert their home pages to ? what did internet portals remove from their home pages ? many of what shut down completely ? what did the crowds in tiananmen square do after the moment of silence ? what business closed in macau ? who was the principal of sangzao middle school ? what was the principal credited with ? how many students attended the school ? how much money was used to strengthen the construction of the school ? what school principal strengthened his school ? where is the sangzao middle school ? the sangzao school is one of the biggest in what county ? how many years was ye zhiping involved in the school overhaul ? why were the schools inspected ? what was to be carried out at schools after the quake ? who has joined an official inquiry into the school scandal ? what investigation are the prosecutors pursuing ? where are the chinese going to perform safety checks ? what group reported that chinese prosecutors were involved in investigating the schoolhouse collapses ? what was given in exchange of signing the document ? what other methods were used to break up protests ? who did the new york times report was investigating the school collapses ? what are officials seeking to do about protesting parents ? what are officials offering parents in exchange of protests ? what has happened to some who refuse to agree to not protest ? what did officials order chinese news media to stop reporting ? who was a sichuan school teacher ? what was liu 's family told ? what was liu shaokun 's profession ? why was he investigated ? what did liu shankun do with the pictures he took of collapsed schools ? where did he call the schoolhouses shoddy ? what was his assigned punishment ? when did the sentencing occur ? when was the article published about the case ? what did he think that the poor construction led to ? what did unicef report ? what did foreign nations offer china because of the severity of the quake ? when did china formally ask for help from the international community ? what organization reported that china asked for help ? why did the world community notice the need for help ? how much did yao ming donate ? how much did the red cross collect in donations ? how much money had been donated by may 14 ? 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why are the buildings so shoddily built ? what did builder 's use in place of steel rods as re-inforcement ? who was supposed to inspect building to see if they met national standards ? who has not been brought to justice ? who is still looking for compensation and justice ? what has the government threatened people with to keep them from protesting ? what media reported the threat of arrest ? what did many families lose in the earthquake ? what city in the united states has the highest population ? in what city is the united nations based ? what city has been called the cultural capital of the world ? what american city welcomes the largest number of legal immigrants ? the major gateway for immigration has been which us city ? the most populated city in the united states is which city ? how many boroughs comprise new york city ? in what year were the five boroughs combined into one city ? in 2014 , what did the census estimate the population of new york city to be ? what is the size of new york city in square miles ? 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for about how many years did tammany hall control new york political life ? in the 1930s , new york city had more than 10 million people becoming the first what in history ? when was construction finished on the united nations headquarters ? prior to new york , what city was the center of the world of art ? what artistic movement caused new york to overtake paris as the global art center ? the headquarters what organization was done being build in 1952 in new york ? the stonewall riots are named after what building ? in what neighborhood did the stonewall riots occur ? on what date did the stonewall riots take place ? in what borough did the stonewall riots happen ? what event provoked the stonewall riots ? where did the stonewall riots happen ? in what year did the population of new york first reach an all-time high in this period ? in what year did the population of new york reach an all-time high for the second time in this period ? what was the name of a new sector of the new york economy that appeared in the 1990s ? in what decade did the crime rate drop significantly ? in what decade was there a significant decline in industrial jobs ? which decade did massive job losses happen in nyc due to industrial issues ? what was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the world trade center 's north tower on september 11 , 2001 ? what was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the world trade center 's south tower on september 11 , 2001 ? how many firefighters died in the world trade center attack ? on what date did the world trade center path begin operation ? how tall is one world trade center in meters ? the hudson terminal which was also demolished was build in what year ? how many leader terrorists of al quada were involved with the 9/11 attacks directly that day ? what was the plane named that crashed into the world trade center ? on what date did the occupy wall street protests commence ? in what park did the occupy wall street protests occur ? in what borough did the occupy wall street protests take place ? in what district of manhattan were the occupy wall street protests ? the occupy wall street protests that took place in zuccotti park was on which date ? what individual established the national review ? in what year was the national review founded ? what public figure defended new york in january 2016 ? a presidential candidate from what party derided the city for its liberalism ? in what geographical region of the united states is new york city located ? in what geographical region of new york state is new york city located ? new york city is about half the distance between washington dc and what city ? new york city is adjacent to what ocean ? what river is new york city located on ? new york city is at the base of which american river ? the hudson river flows into which body of water ? the three islands that make up new york city are named what ? the hudson river serves as a dividing line between new york and what state ? what river flows between the hudson and east rivers ? what is the city 's sole fresh water river ? into what body of water does the hudson river terminate ? between new york city and what city is the hudson river an estuary ? the hudson river separates nyc from which us state ? the single only freshwater river in nyc is what river ? which river seperates the bronx from manhatten ? what manhattan development is the product of land reclamation ? what is the total area of new york city in square miles ? in square miles , how much of the city 's total area is composed of water ? in square miles , how much of the city 's total area is land ? what is the name of new york city 's highest point ? on what island is new york city 's highest point located ? how many square miles in nyc ? how many square miles are water in nyc ? how many square miles are land in nyc ? the highest peak in the city is what location ? how many feet above sea level is todt hil ? what structure is an example of saltbox architecture ? in what borough is the pieter claesen wyckoff house located ? what building is the priciest office tower in the world ? in what borough is one world trade center located ? in what year did construction on the oldest part of pieter claesen wyckoff house begin ? the most expensive office tower built in the world today is what ? how many high-rises were present in new york city in 2011 ? what city has the most high-rise buildings in the world ? how many structures in new york city are over 100m tall ? in what year was the woolworth building completed ? how many buildings in new york city are over 200m high ? nyc has the highest quantity of skyscrapers after which other world city ? how many buildings located in nyc are at least 330 feet in height ? in what year was the empire state building completed ? the chrysler building reflects what architectural style ? what floor of the chrysler building has sculptures of eagles at its corners ? what building known for its bronze-tinted i-beams was completed in 1957 ? what is the full name of the organization known by the acronym aia ? which animal decorates the corners of the chrysler building ? when was the empire state building constructed ? when was the chrysler building built in nyc ? in what borough is the riverdale neighborhood located ? in what borough is the ditmas park neighborhood located ? in what borough is the douglaston neighborhood located ? brownstone rowhouse construction is most often associated with the period beginning in 1870 and ending in what year ? along with tudor revival , what is a common architectural style of single-family houses in new york ? what type of housing structure makes up most of the large residential districts of nyc ? what event led to the decline in wooden construction in new york city ? in the 19th century , new york city required water towers in the roofs of buildings that were more than how many stories tall ? what area was known for its garden apartments ? after the great fire of 1835 , what became the most widespread building materials ? to prevent high water pressures at lower elevations what were built on many of the city 's buildings ? when did the united states geological survey released its seismic hazard analysis ? how many of new york 's boroughs would be counted among the united states ' ten most populated cities if they were independent ? how many boroughs does new york city have ? which four boroughs of nyc would be among the the most populous cities in the us if they were independent cities ? what is the name of new york city 's climate using the köppen climate classification ? how many sunny days does new york average each year ? how many hours of sunshine does new york receive every year ? the suburbs of the city lie between the humid subtropical and what other climate zone ? what month in new york city is the coldest ? what type of climate does nyc possess ? how many days on average does nyc get sunshine annually ? what planting zone does the city land in ? what mountains serve as a barrier to keep new york city comparatively warmer in the winter ? what is new york city 's daily january mean temperature in degrees celsius ? what is the average humidity in july as a percentage ? on average , how often do new york temperatures exceed 90 degrees fahrenheit each year ? on what date did new york record its highest temperature ever ? what is the highest temperature recorded in nyc ? when was the lowest temperature recorded in nyc ? the highest temperature ever recorded in nyc was in what year ? in millimeters , how much precipitation does new york receive a year ? in centimeters , what is the average winter snowfall ? when did hurricane sandy strike new york ? how many inches of precipitation does nyc get in a year ? which natural disaster occurred on october 29 , 2012 in nyc ? the mean snowfall between 1981 and 2010 in nyc has been how many inches ? what is the name of the new york city department that operates the park system ? what is the state office that operates new york city parks ? what federal service operates new york city parks ? what city was rated as having the best park system by the trust for public land ? what city had the second highest parkscore rating ? the 2013 parkscore rating for nyc made nyc second in best park system to what other us city ? how large is the gateway national recreation area in hectares ? about how large is the jamaica bay wildlife refuge in acres ? what fort is located on the rockaway peninsula ? what park is located on the rockaway peninsula ? what body of water is jamaica bay wildlife refuge adjacent to ? how many acres of land does gateway nation recreation contain ? what body administers the ellis island immigration museum ? what is the common name for the general grant national memorial ? in what neighborhood is the stonewall inn located ? what movement is the stonewall inn most famously associated with ? the statue of liberty is taken care of by what organization ? the statue of liberty is also in what other us state ? ellis island is considered in new york state and which other ? which landmark is considered the spark for lgbt rights ? the landmark , general grant national memorial , is also called what ? how many state parks exist in new york city ? how large is riverbank state park in acres ? how many meters is riverbank state park elevated above the hudson river ? how many new york state parks are within new york city ? riverbank state park 's highest point is how high above the hudson river ? new york has approximately how many acres of parks ? how many miles of public beach are located in new york city ? what is the biggest public park in the city ? how large is pelham bay park in hectares ? new york city has how many acres of land dedicated to parks ? how long are all the public beaches together in miles ? what is the largest park in new york city ? how many acres of land does pelham bay park have ? what is the name of the military base in new york city ? in what year was fort hamilton founded ? in what borough is fort hamilton located ? what division is based at fort hamilton ? what brigade is headquartered at fort hamilton ? the u.s. military has only one active location in nyc named what ? when was fort hamilton built ? which borough can fort hamilton be found ? fort wadsworth and fort totten are located in which area of new york city ? what was the population of new york city in 2014 ? what is the us city with the second largest population ? how many people moved to new york city between april 2010 and july 2014 ? approximately what percentage is new york city 's population of the entire state 's population ? about what percentage is new york city 's population of the new york metropolitan area 's population ? what is the population of nyc as of 2014 ? the second largest city in the us is what ? what percentage of people that live in the state of new york live in new york city ? how many people live in a square mile of new york city ? what is the population density of manhattan per square kilometer ? some cities in what county have a higher population density than new york city ? what percentage of the city 's population is caucasian ? what percentage of the city 's population is african-american ? what ethnicity is growing the quickest in new york city ? what percentage of the population identifies as hispanic ? by what percentage did the non-hispanic white population decrease ? as of 2010 , what percentage made up white people in nyc ? since what event did the first time black people decline in living in nyc ? which race of people made it the highest growing ethnicity between 2000-2010 in nyc ? what percentage of africans make up nyc ? how many immigrants arrived at ellis island from 1892 to 1924 ? ` melting pot ' was first used to describe neighborhoods in what area of the city ? what ethnicity comprised the largest number of immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century ? what percentage of the population was caucasian in 1940 ? what was the ethnicity of the second largest group of immigrants in 1900 ? between 1892-1924 , how many immigrants came through ellis island ? in the year 1942 , what percentage of white americans made up new york city ? what percentage of the population was born outside the united states ? from what country did the largest number of foreign-born immigrants originate as of 2011 ? about how many immigrants from bangladesh lived in the city in 2013 ? what country was the second largest source of foreign-born new yorkers in 2011 ? what percentage of the population of nyc was born in another country ? what new york borough contains the highest population of asian-americans ? what borough housed the first chinatown in new york ? as of 2012 , what percentage of the new york city population was ethnically chinese ? what borough is home to a large tibetan population ? what percentage of the new york city population is japanese ? how many non-hispanic whites lived in new york city in 2012 ? what is the non-hispanic white population of houston ? how many new yorkers are of polish ancestry ? how many new york city residents are of greek heritage ? what borough has the largest population of ethnic albanians ? nyc has the largest white population by how many people ? about how many people live in new york city 's metropolitan area ? as of 2012 , how many jewish people lived in the new york metropolitan area ? what percentage of the total indian-american population of the united states lives in the new york metropolitan area ? how many hispanic people live in the new york metropolitan area ? approximately how many chinatowns exist in new york city ? in 2013 , how many people of puerto rican ancestry lived in new york city ? what nation provided the most legal immigrants to new york city in the caribbean ? out of all african nations , which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013 ? out of all nations in central america , which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013 ? of all the countries in south america , which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013 ? how many self-identified lgb people live in the new york metropolitan area ? on what date did new york legalize gay marriage ? how many days after gay marriage was legalized were gay marriages allowed to take place ? how many people identify as gay or bisexual in nyc ? same-sex marriage became legal on what date in new york ? since gay marriage became legal , how many days did people have to wait to marry ? what percentage of new yorkers are christians ? what percentage of new yorkers follow the catholic faith ? about how many jews live in new york city ? what borough has the largest population of jewish people ? what is the third most popular faith in new york city ? what was the most prominent religion in new york as of 2014 ? the second most prominent religion in new york is what ? half the population of jews live in what borough of new york city ? what percentage of people in 2014 had no religion ? the third most popular religion in nyc is what ? what is new york city 's gini coefficient ? what borough has a gini coefficient of 0.6 ? what previous mayor of new york is a billionaire ? in 2014 , millionaires made up what percentage of new york city 's population ? what is the average weekly wage in manhattan ? the average weekly earnings for a worker in nyc was what in 2014 ? by 2013 , which city had the most billionaires living in the city ? what is the common name for new york 's high technology sector ? who created the global economic power index that ranked new york first ? in what year did the port of new york and new jersey deal with unprecedented cargo volume ? in what year was new york ranked first on the global economic power index ? what fraction of new yorkers in the private sector are employed by foreign companies ? what publication ranked new york first in the 2013 american cities of the future rankings ? what was the 2015 assessed value of all the property in new york ? how much was time warner center worth in 2006 ? what was the price per square foot of 450 park avenue when it sold in july 2007 ? what was the price per square meter of 660 madison avenue in june 2007 ? of the top 10 zip codes with the most expensive housing prices in the united states , how many are in manhattan ? which building has the highest market value in nyc ? the previous record beaten by park avenue was for what real estate ? what is the popular name of new york 's advertising industry ? about how many people work in the new york fashion industry ? about how much does it cost per year to pay workers in the new york fashion industry ? with interpublic group , what company has a combined annual revenue of roughly us$ 21 billion ? nyc 's fashion industry employs how many people ? the two highest advertising agencies in the world located in nyc are called what ? how many new yorkers work in the food processing field ? what is the annual revenue of the food processing industry ? in what borough is the garment business prominent ? what dollar amount of chocolate does new york export annually ? where is the `` chocolate district '' located ? in what borough is godiva based ? what is the number one specialty food export of new york ? what type of food is nyc 's leading food export ? which one of the world 's largest chocolate makers is stationed in manhattan ? as of 2013 , how many people worked for a securities business in new york ? what percentage of new york private sector jobs are in the securities industry ? how much tax revenue does the securities industry generate ? what is the average income in the new york securities industry ? what percentage of the city 's wages does the securities industry provide ? 22 percent of nyc 's total wages are from what industry ? on what street is the new york stock exchange headquartered ? what is the street address of nasdaq ? in 2012 , how many investment banking fees were paid out to wall street ? in 2013-4 , what percentage of new york state tax revenues came from the securities business on wall street ? who was the previous overseer of the london interbank offered rate ? the new york stock exchange is located where in nyc ? the nasdaq is located on what street in nyc ? how many square meters of office space does manhattan have ? about how many million square feet of office space is present in midtown manhattan ? how much office space did manhatten possess in 2015 ? in what borough is silicon alley located ? what is the street address of the headquarters of verizon communciations ? how much did verizon spend on fiber optic upgrades in new york city ? approximately how many tech sector jobs are in new york city ? the technology sector of work in nyc has how many employees in its service ? along with cornell university , what institution is involved in the building of cornell tech ? what is the cost to build cornell tech ? on what island is cornell tech located ? about how much capital did accelerator raise as of the middle of 2014 ? how large is the alexandria center for life science in square meters ? in 2011 , what school was built on roosevelt island ? how many tourists visited new york in 2011 ? how many people came to visit new york in 2013 ? what is the record number of tourists that have visited new york in a year ? how much money did tourism create for new york in 2014 ? how many tourists that visited nyc in 2014 broke the record ? how many tourists visited nyc in 2013 ? what english phrase does i ❤ ny represent ? when was i ❤ ny first used in advertisements ? who owns the trademark to i ❤ ny ? what is the state song of new york ? i love new york was established as advertising in what year ? what is the state song of new york ? in what neighborhood does the halloween parade take place ? what company sponsors the thanksgiving day parade ? at what location is a christmas tree famously lit every year ? where in central park are performances offered at no cost ? in what borough is the unisphere located ? about how many hotel rooms are there in manhattan ? what was the percentage increase of manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014 ? who owns the waldorf astoria ? what was the october 2014 purchase price of the waldorf astoria ? the hotel that sold for the most money in 2014 was which in nyc ? how many hotel rooms are located in nyc as of the end of 2014 ? who bought the waldorf astoria hotel in nyc in 2014 ? the waldorf astoria hotel sold for how many dollars ? approximately how many feature films are made in new york city every year ? how many new yorkers work in the television and film industry ? how much money does the new york film and television industry create every year ? what united states city is the second most popular for pilot episode location filming ? along with warner music group , what top three record label is based in new york city ? what city is north america 's biggest media market ? out of the top eight advertising agency networks in the world , how many are based in new york ? how many people work in the new york publishing industry ? which new york-based newspaper has won the pulitzer prize for journalism ? along with the new york times , what national daily newspaper is based in new york ? what was the founding year of the new york daily news ? who was the founder of the new york post ? how many newspaper offices are located in new york ? how many magazines can call nyc home ? how many national newspapers out of the three are from new york ? which two national newspapers are located in new york ? when was the new york daily news founded ? along with abc and nbc , what other major broadcaster is based in new york ? what is the name of the city 's public television service ? what comedy channel on cable television is headquartered in new york ? what cable news channel is based in new york ? what is the name of the first public-access tv channel in the country ? in what year did the manhattan neighborhood network begin ? what is the primary public television station in new york ? what is the largest public radio station in the us by audience size ? in what year did the city cease to own wnyc ? the public-assess tv channel that has been around the longest in the us in what ? when was the manhattan neighborhood network created ? the largest public radio station by listeners is what in new york ? what city department runs the public school system ? how many students are in new york city public schools ? about how many public schools are there in new york city ? how many high schools for gifted students does new york city have ? how many students regularly attend schools in nyc ? how many highschools are specialized in nyc ? what institution aids in the creation of charter schools in new york ? about how many private schools does new york have ? about how many students attend schools in the city university of new york system ? what fraction of manhattan residents graduated from college ? what fraction of manhattan residents have graduate degrees ? the city university of new york system consists of how many institutions ? how many students in new york partcipate in higher education ? what is the largest library in the united states ? what is the second largest library in the us ? what is the name of the library system in queens ? what is brooklyn 's public library system called ? along with staten island and the bronx , what borough is served by the new york public library ? the largest municipal healthcare in the us is what ? how many hospitals does hhc operate ? what is the yearly revenue of the new york city health and hospitals corporation ? how many patients are served annually by hhc ? how many uninsured new yorkers take advantage of hhc ? in what year was the new york city health and hospitals corporation founded ? how many nursing homes does hhc operate ? the public hospital that has been around the longest in the us is what ? who is the president of hhc ? what was the first public hospital founded in the united states ? if the prime minister of the united kingdom becomes sick in new york city , what hospital does he go to ? who is the hhc president ? in what state did the president of hhc previously work ? what was the president of hhc 's previous job title ? the largest police presence in the us is nypd with how many people ? nypd officers have a nickname that is known as what ? what does the acronym nypd stand for ? about how many police work for the nypd ? what is the nickname given to new york city police department officers ? what was the low record for homicides in 2014 in nyc ? what percentage decrease in violent crime did the city see between 1993 and 2005 ? as of 2002 , to what city did new york have a comparable crime rate ? in what year did the city have less than 500 homicides ? how many homicides were there in new york city in 2014 ? in the first half of 2010 , what percentage of shooting victims were african-american or hispanic ? the first major crime groups in nyc were in the 1820s known as what ? what group controlled the mafia in new york in the 20th century ? the forth thieves and roach guards were two gangs that operated in what area of new york in the 1820s ? what was a notable 20th century gang in new york ? what is the largest fire department force in the world ? what is the second largest fire department force in the world ? what is the the new york city fire department 's motto ? what does fdny stand for ? what city is home to the largest municipal fire department in the world ? how many firefighters work for the new york city fire department ? the fdny employs about how many paramedics and emts ? what is the motto of the new york city fire department ? new york is home to what largest transportation system in the world ? what types of fires can start in parks and woodlands ? what is the address for the new york city fire department headquarters ? which island is home to the fire academy in nyc ? which borough of nyc is home to the the new york city fire department headquarters ? what is the street address of the new york fire department headquarters ? in what borough is the fdny headquartered ? where is the fire department 's training academy located ? what is the street address of the bureau of fire communications alarm office in brooklyn ? jazz became popular during which decade in nyc ? which decade did hip hop start to surface in nyc ? what was the name of the cultural development that defined the black american literary canon ? what musical style was prominent in new york in the 1940s ? what artistic style was prominent in new york in the 1950s ? what was the name of the new musical style that emerged from new york in the 1970s ? the fashion capital of the world is what city in the us ? one of the biggest fashion shows in the world is named what in new york ? by what other name is abstract expressionism known ? what is the name of the prominent fashion event that occurs in new york ? who ranked new york as the fashion capital of the world ? the broadway musical began in what decade ? approximately how many galleries of art are in new york city ? along with broadway , what new york thoroughfare is associated with broadway musicals ? who was hart 's writing partner ? about how many cultural and artistic organizations are in new york city ? what technological development led resulted in elaborate stage productions ? how many people attended broadway shows during the 2013-2014 season ? what is the nickname of the times square theater district ? what was the dollar amount of the tickets sold on broadway in 2013-14 ? what was the percentage increase in the broadway ticket revenue from 2012-3 to 2013-4 ? how many people attended a broadway show in the 2013-4 season ? in 2012-3 , what number of people saw a show on broadway ? how many restaurants are there in nyc ? how many mobile food vendors operate in new york city ? how many restaurants is new york home to ? what public department inspects the restaurants of new york ? according to michelin , about how many fine dining restaurants exist in new york ? the brooklyn dodgers were created in what year ? which four of the world 's most expensive stadiums are located in nyc ? which two sports stadiums of new york city were featured on us stamps ? in what year were the brooklyn dodgers founded ? what professional soccer organization is headquartered in new york ? how many professional sports leagues have their headquarters in new york ? about how many major professional sports teams have been based at one time or another in new york ? nyc is known as the capital of which sport ? how many major league baseball world series has nyc teams won ? it is one of only five areas to contain two teams of what sport ? how many minor league baseball teams are there in nyc ? how many world series have new york teams won ? how many major league baseball league pennants have new york teams won ? how many professional baseball teams are located in new york ? how many times have two teams from new york played against each other in the world series ? what is the nickname for a world series where two new york teams play against each other ? the new york giants and the new york jets place at which stadium in nyc ? when was the most recent superbowl held in nyc for football ? along what the new york jets , what nfl team is based in new york ? what stadium do the new york jets call home ? what city is metlife stadium located in ? what super bowl took place at metlife stadium ? in what year did a super bowl occur at metlife stadium ? there are two hockey teams located in nyc .what are they ? which town do the new jersey devils hockey team play ? in what city are the new jersey devils located ? what sport do the new york rangers play ? along with the new york rangers , what nhl franchise is based in new york ? which two national basketball teams play in nyc ? new york city 's women 's basketball team is called what ? the first college basketball championship took place in nyc in what year ? what women 's national basketball association team is based in new york ? what is the name of the collegiate basketball championship that takes place in new york ? in what year was the inaugural national invitation tournament ? along with the brooklyn nets , what nba team is based in new york ? which borough of new york hosts the us open tennis championships ? the wanamaker mile is an event by which annual track and field meeting ? the oldest , longest horse races in the us are located in nyc called what ? which years did nyc host the pga golf championships ? the amateur boxing golden gloves are held at which location in nyc ? in what borough is the national tennis center located ? what tennis grand slam event is held at the national tennis center ? how many people completed the new york marathon in 2006 ? what annual sporting competition features the wanamaker mile ? at what venue does the amateur boxing golden gloves take place ? a version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s ? what street was renamed in the late 2000s to commemorate the street version of baseball ? in what borough is stickball boulevard located ? which subway system is considered the largest in the world ? how many stations does the new york city subway system contain ? which station is known as the world 's biggest railroad station ? how many people rode the new york city subway in 2014 ? what is the nickname given to grand central terminal ? how many minutes does it take the average new yorker to get to work ? what percentage of new yorkers use public transportation to get to work ? what percentage of people living in manhattan own a car ? in 2005 , what percentage of new york residents used mass transit to get to work ? what percentage of americans drive cars to work ? in minutes , how long does it take for the average new yorker to get to work ? what percentage of new york households do n't own an automobile ? what percentage of manhattan residents own an automobile ? the busiest bus station in the world in the world is called what ? how many buses visit the port authority bus terminal each day ? how many new yorkers ride the bus on a daily basis ? what is new york 's primary bus terminal ? the three airports that have the most people come through them in nyc are which ? what is the second busiest airport in the new york metro area ? in 2011 , what airport did the most international travelers in north america visit ? what city is stewart international airport located close to ? how many travelers visited jfk , laguardia and newark liberty in 2012 ? the world 's most popular ferry route is which in nyc ? how many hours a day does the the staten island ferry run ? in kilometers , how long is the staten island ferry route ? staring in state island , in what borough does the staten island ferry 's route terminate ? how many passengers ride the staten island ferry annually ? which bridge in nyc is the busiest in the world ? the biggest suspension bridge in the us is what ? the bridge made with steel-wire is which in nyc ? the brooklyn bridge was the worlds largest until what date ? what is the busiest bridge for cars in the world ? starting in manhattan , the george washington bridge terminates in what new jersey county ? what is the longest suspension bridge in the united states ? what style of architecture was used to design the brooklyn bridge ? in what year did the brooklyn bridge cease to be the world 's longest suspension bridge ? which tunnel do 120,000 vehicles travel through a day in nyc ? the holland tunnel opened in what year ? the queens-midtown tunnel was finished in what year ? who was the first person to drive through the queens-midtown tunnel ? how many vehicles utilize the lincoln tunnel daily ? what body of water is above the lincoln tunnel ? what borough is connected to new jersey via the lincoln tunnel ? in what new jersey city does the holland tunnel terminate ? who drove through the queens-midtown tunnel before anyone else ? how many daily bicycle riders are there in nyc ? each day , about how many new yorkers bike ? about what percentage of new york city travel is done by bike or on foot ? what company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city 's bicycle sharing program ? research by what institution of higher learning showed that most new yorkers support bicycle sharing ? who ranked new york as the most walkable large us city in 2015 ? who supplies nyc with drinkable water ? from what mountain range does new york 's drinking water come from ? how much is being spent on a water purification plant at the croton watershed ? after the water purification plant at the croton watershed is built , how much more water will be added to the city 's supply each day ? what percent increase in water supply will the city see after the croton watershed plant is finished ? in what geographical direction would a new yorker travel to reach the croton watershed ? how many members are on the nyc city council ? how many terms can the mayjor of nyc serve in total ? what is the duration of a new york city councilperson 's term ? how many councilors sit on the city council ? how many terms in a row can a person serve as mayor ? what is the official journal of new york city ? if someone serves three consecutive terms as mayor and wants to run again , how many years must they wait ? which political party holds the majority of most office terms in nyc ? in 2008 , what percentage of voters were democrats ? which us president became the first to receive over 80 percent of nyc votes ? what was the last year that a republican candidate won all four boroughs of nyc ? which president won all of nyc in 1924 ? what party are most public officials of new york members of ? in november 2008 , how many new yorkers were registered as democrats ? in what year was the last presidential election when a republican won new york city ? how many boroughs did barack obama win in the 2012 presidential election ? what political party was calvin coolidge a member of ? as of 2012 , how many physicians were working in new york city ? where is the cornell university/technion-israel institute of technology located ? as of 2004 , how many nobel prize winners had roots in new york institutions ? how many people are admitted to hhc institutions annually ? how many people visit hhc emergency rooms every year ? how many people visit hhc clinics annually ? what fraction of general hospital discharges receive treatment at hhc ? what fraction of emergency room visits receive treatment at hhc ? being exposed to what type of pollution has been theorized to increase aggression ? the decrease in crime in new york is sometimes attributed to the decline of what street drug ? who commented on new york that `` culture just seems to be in the air , like part of the weather '' ? in what library can the book new york , culture capital of the world , 1940 -- 1965 be found ? what institution of higher education has described new york as the cultural capital of the world ? along with latvia , the consulate of what country has called new york the cultural capital of the world ? in what borough is the lincoln center for the performing arts located ? in what part of manhattan can you find lincoln square ? in what square is the theater named after lee strasberg located ? at what institution of higher education is the tisch school of the arts located ? in what new york park can one find performances at no cost ? what new york thoroughfare is museum mile located on ? in what borough is museum mile located ? when was the guggenheim built ? in what year was the grand opening of the museum for african art on 110th street ? in what part of manhattan is the museum mile located ? along with new yorkese , what is another name for the new york dialect ? what sitcom did the archie bunker character feature in ? what actor performed the role of archie bunker ? what is the transliteration of the way in which new yorkers are perceived to pronounce the name of their city ? what major league soccer franchise is based in new york ? what stadium does the new york city fc call home ? in what city are the new york red bulls based ? what famous soccer player played for the new york cosmos ? at what institution of higher education is james m. shuart stadium located ? what fraction of united states rail riders call the new york city metropolitan area home ? how many rail lines are there on new york city 's commuter rail network ? about how many stations does new york city 's commuter rail network have ? the airtrain has a station at what airport ? what amtrak station in new york sees the most use ? in what borough is pennsylvania station located ? how many 24-hour rapid transit systems are located in new york ? what 24-hour rapid transit system is in philadelphia ? what 24-hour rapid transit system is outside the united states ? what does the acronym path stand for ? along with the east side access project and 7 subway extension , what heavy-rail project is being built in new york city ? about how many yellow cabs operate in new york ? where does the aerial tramway that starts on roosevelt island terminate ? what industry is broadway associated with ? what industry is wall street associated with ? what industry is madison avenue associated with ? what new york street is associated with fashion ? at what time are drivers in new york most likely to experience traffic jams ? what geographical portion of connecticut is linked to new york via highway ? what part of new jersey can be reached from new york by taking the expressway ? what island is the borough of brooklyn located on ? queens is located on what part of long island ? the borough of staten island is primarily located on what island ? what architectural style does the throgs neck bridge reflect ? the queensboro bridge utilized what type of construction ? how many clean diesel and hybrid taxicabs did new york city have in 2010 ? what percentage of the new york city cab fleet was clean diesel or hybrid in 2010 ? what percent reduction of greenhouse gases does mayor de blasio want to see by 2050 ? what is the name of a notable green office building in new york ? what legal case sought to compel the environmental protection agency to regular greenhouse gases ? how long is newtown creek in kilometers ? how many cubic meters of oil is supposed to be in newtown creek ? what notable accidental fossil fuel discharge occurred at newtown creek ? what type of government does new york city have ? in what year did new york city adopt the mayor-council form of government ? what numbered department of the supreme court is located in brooklyn ? in what borough is the appellate division of the supreme court located ? what branch of government are the administrative courts a part of ? in what borough is the main courthouse of the district court for the southern district of new york located ? what federal district court has its main courthouse in brooklyn ? what square is home to the us court of international trade ? what federal district court has jurisdiction over staten island ? in what borough is the new york city hall found ? four-fifths of the zip codes that provide the highest amount of political contributions in the united states are located in what borough ? what zip code was responsible for the greatest amount of contributions in the 2004 presidential election for both candidates ? how much money in cents does new york city receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes ? how much more money does the city give to the state of new york annually than it receives ? each year , how much more money does new york city give to the federal government than it gets back ? what is the new name of the sister city program of the city of new york , inc. .? in what year did the sister city program of the city of new york , inc. have its name changed ? when did to kill a mockingbird first get circulated ? what prize did to kill a mockingbird win ? who wrote to kill a mockingbird ? who wrote the novel to kill a mockingbird ? what year was to kill a mockingbird first published ? whom did lee base the characters in to kill a mockingbird on ? to kill a mockingbird is widely read in which countries schools ? what genre of book is to kill a mockingbird ? some of the central themes of the book are what exactly ? which region of america was the novel set in ? what has caused the use of the novel in classrooms to be challenged ? who gathered impressions of to kill a mockingbird from other authors and famous people ? in which year did british librarians rank to kill a mockingbird ahead of the bible ? when was to kill a mockingbird made into a movie ? when did a play for the book begin to perform every year in monroeville , alabama ? who was the director of the adaptation of the movie ? british librarians in 2006 ranked the book ahead of what famous volume ? who wrote the screenplay for the 1962 film ? who directed the 1962 film ? what is harper lee 's hometown ? when did harper lee pass away ? what is the only other work harper lee published ? what is the name of lee 's second published work ? when was the second book published ? when did lee die ? who did harper lee become childhood friends with ? what year did harper lee pack up to go live in new york city ? what job did harper lee start in new york city ? which state did harper lee spend her childhood ? what year was harper lee born ? who was the famous writer lee became close friends with ? where did lee attend college ? where did lee attend law school ? what publishing company bought to kill a mockingbird ? the first draft of to kill a mockingbird was named what ? who was the editor who got their hands on the first draft of to kill a mockingbird ? what was the name of the editor who helped lee finish her book ? what ailment did harper lee 's mother suffer from ? what profession did harper lee 's father hold ? lee modeled the character atticus after what laywer ? what date did to kill a mockingbird begin to circulate ? how long did lee spend writing the book ? what publication 's partial reprinting gave the book wide public exposure ? where is the setting for to kill a mockingbird ? how many years does the story of to kill a mockingbird take place ? how many children does the protagonist , atticus finch , have ? atticus finch 's children make friends with whom during the story ? what is the name of the town the story takes place in ? in what historical era does the book take place ? who is the main character of the book ? what was the name of the woman who was allegedly raped in the book ? what is the name of atticus ' client in the rape trial ? who stopped the mob by shaming them ? what are the names of atticus finch 's children in the book ? where do jem , scout , and dill observe the trial of tom robinson ? where do the three children watch the trial ? what happens to tom when he attempts to escape prison ? who did bob ewell attack during the story ? what event did jem and scout attend right before they were attacked at night ? who saved jem and scout from bob ewell ? who attacked scout and jem ? who rescued scout and jem ? what was the name of the police officer who discovered bob ewell 's body ? according to sheriff tate 's story , how did ewell die ? harper lee has stated that to kill a mockingbird is not what genre of book ? what year did harper lee 's father represent two black men accused of murder ? at what age did harper lee 's mother die ? what titles did lee 's father maintain at the local newspaper ? where did truman capote live in relation to lee ? what year did lee and capote go to kansas together ? murders were the base for which story that capote wrote ? who was the character dill modeled after ? what did lee and capote write their childhood stories on ? what term did capote use to describe lee and himself ? at what age was lee when a white woman accused a black guy of rape ? what was the name of the black man who was accused of rape in lee 's town when she was 10 ? what was the name of the black teenager that tom robinson was supposedly based on ? emmett till 's death sparked which political movement in the '50s ? what purpose did tom robinson 's trial serve in the book ? who 's death was a catalyst for the civil rights movement ? what two forms of humor are most found in to kill a mockingbird ? lee uses which writing styles to express humor in a tragic story ? where does jem trap a fellow peer of school in the story ? what is the name of the maid who works in the finch 's household ? how does scout respond to the audience ? what saves scout 's life ? what genre of book is to kill a mockingbird typically called ? what term did lee use to describe the town 's courthouse ? who does scout revere above everyone else ? what was the name of the neighbor that jem speaks too after tom robinson 's trial ? what des jem struggle to understand ? when did the montgomery bus boycott take place ? many reviewers consider the second part of the book to be about what issue ? the main jurors in tom robinson 's trial were all which race ? how did tom robinson die in the novel ? at the time of the novel 's setting , what punishment was often received by black males for percieved sexual contact with a white woman ? who comprised tom 's jury ? how many times was tom shot ? atticus is tasked with killing what animal in the novel ? what is atticus shooting the rabid dog symbolic of ? who does the cooking at the finch 's house ? who is atticus finch 's sibling ? who does scout tease and humiliate at their house ? which author did lee aspire to be like ? both authors valued what over social standing ? are the ewell 's considered rich or poor ? what two factors did lee demonstrate intensified prejudice ? the children 's non-judgmental attitude gave them a greater understanding of what ? mrs. dubose suffers from an addiction to what ? who is the moral center of the novel ? the novel explores various forms of what trait ? who has written the only biography of harper lee ? who wrote the only book length - biography of harper lee ? according to shields , which of the books lessons are fundamental and universal ? who does scout think could be lonelier than boo radley ? who are the main female role models for scout during the story ? who are scout 's two primary female models ? who chastis scout for the way she dresse and accuses her of ruining her family name ? tomboy scout grows up tto become what ? in the book , which character was expected of molesting their child ? who was the only non-abusive father mentioned ? which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman ? who does charles lamb speculate were once children ? what is another name for scout 's pink cotton penitentiary ? which animal serves as a symbol throughout the book ? harper lee 's mother 's maiden name was what ? which bird does atticus finch say is a `` sin to kill ? '' according to atticus , which bird is it a sin to shoot ? according to miss maudie , which bird is never harmful ? symbolically , killing a mockingbird is killing what according to edwin bruell ? reader 's digest included to kill a mockingbird in what program of theirs ? the book 's availablity increased through inclusion in what book service ? after one year when to kill a mockingbird first came out , how many languages has it been printed in ? up til today , how many languages has to kill a mockingbird been printed in ? how many copies has to kill a mockingbird sold since it first came out ? how many copies of the book have been sold ? how many languages has the book been translated into ? public figure 's impressions of the novel were formed into a book called what ? who was harper lee 's sister ? what book compiled adults ' impressions and their impressions as children about the novel ? atticus finch 's integrity has become a model for which job ? atticus finch is a model of what for legal professionals ? what year was a statue of atticus build in alabama ? harper lee was given a membership to what in 2008 ? what did the alabama state bar bestow on lee in 2008 ? to kill a mockingbird was first studied in american schools in what year ? the american library associated ranked to kill a mockingbird where on its most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009 ? in what year did the book become a subject of classroom study ? according to the american library association , what rank did the book have among the most frequently challenged books from 2000 to 2009 ? when was the first major controversy that surfaced from the book ? what event in the novel was heavily criticized for being a plot device ? in letters to local newspapers , what subplot in the book received the most complaints ? according to the national education association , what was the only book to receive more complaints in 1968 ? what movement in the '60s did the novel help spark ? which book was credited with sparking the us civil war ? what other book did mark childress compare it to ? who was truman capote 's father ? who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of harper lee ? what was the name of harper lee 's sister ? who was rumored to have written the book instead of lee ? lee 's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor ? which year did to kill a mockingbird win the pulitzer prize ? how many weeks did to kill a mockingbird remain on the bestsellers list when it won the pulitzer prize ? paperback of the year award from bestsellers magazine was awarded when ? when did harper lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book ? what major award did the book receive in 1961 ? in what year did lee stop giving interviews about the book ? which year was lee awarded an induction into the alabama academy of honor ? in 2004 , the novel as been picked by how many communities for citywide reading programs more than any other book ? in 2001 , what city 's mayor picked to kill a mockingbird as their favorite book ? which city 's mayor initiated a reading program with the book ? by 2004 , how many communities were using the book as part of their reading programs ? which school granted lee an honory doctorate in 2006 ? which president of the us awarded lee the presidential medal of freedom ? when did lee receive a presidential medal of freedom ? what university awarded lee an honorary doctorate in 2006 ? in 2007 , which president awarded lee the presidential medal of freedom ? a movie adaptation of the book was released in what year ? who played atticus finch in the 1962 movie of the same title ? which actor received an oscar for his role of atticus finch in the 1962 movie of the book ? what item did lee give the actor gregory peck after portraying atticus finch ? which one of gregory peck 's relatives was named after harper lee ? what personal effect did lee give to peck ? which one of peck 's relatives was named harper in honor of lee ? when did lee randomly show up at the los angeles public library ? what did peck 's widow call lee ? who turned the novel into a play ? when was the play for to kill a mockingbird first performed ? what town labeled itself `` the literary capital of alabama '' ? who makes up the cast of the annual play based on the book performed in monroeville ? during the courtroom scene , what happens to the audience ? what country did sergel 's play tour around in and perform in 2006 ? the play was the opening act for the starting of the 2013 season at which location ? who played atticus finch in the uk theater productions of the film in 2006 and 2011 ? when was go set a watchman introduced to the public ? go set a watchman was finished in what year ? how many years after to kill a mockingbird is the setting of go set a watchman ? who was harper lee 's lawyer ? what is the earlier draft of the book titled ? what year was watchman completed ? how many years after mockingbird was watchman set ? what two serious moral issues are dealt with in the novel ? who is the protagonist of the novel ? what is lee 's strongest style of writing ? what narrative technique does lee use to combine the adult 's perspective with the child 's observations ?? according to lee , her book simply expressed a christian code of honor and conduct inherit to whom ? besides the children 's fascination with boo , the first part of the book was concerned about their feelings for what ? lee 's detailed explanations of the characters ' behaviors caused one writer to catagorize the book as what ? scout defined people doing the best they could with what they had as who ? what drives the plot of the book more than the characters ? who is the main example of an innocent destroyed in the novel ? what does scout see symbollically as a mockingbird ? according to atticus , most people are how when you truly view them ? reviewer r. a. dave classified the novel how ? what newspaper wrote that the novel has strong contemporary national significance ? which reviewer called the book melodramatic and contrived ? which southern writer deemed it a child 's book ? chimamanda ngozi adichie vompared lee to whom ? rosemary goring connected lee to whom ? who criticized lee in the wall street journal ? who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them ? which character has some critics deemed a variation of a contented slave ? according to one consultant , which group found the book demoralizing ? michael lund criticized the novel for demonizing whom ? according to diane mcwhorter , every child in the south had to face what ? mcwhorter wrote that the existance of the book was what ? how do the citizens of monroeville quote lines of the book ? what do the monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town ? where does solar energy come from ? what kind of energy consists of the light and heat provided by the sun ? what technologies are used to harness solar energy from the sun ? what is solar energy ? how many terawatts of solar radiation does the earth receive ? what percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere ? the areas that people live in typically receive what range of kwh/m2 per day ? how many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive ? how much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space ? what are the insolation levels of most populated areas ? where is the solar radiation not reflected back to space absorbed ? the earth 's oceans cover what percentage of the globe ? what is the average temperature of the earth 's surface in celsius ? what is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy ? how much of the earth is covered by oceans ? what is the cause of atmospheric circulation ? how does the water vapor that rises in warm air turn into clouds ? what creates wind , cyclones and anti-cyclones ? what is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called ? each year the earth absorbs how much solar energy in exajoules ? in 2002 , the sun provided more energy in one hour than humans used in what span of time ? how much energy in exajoules does photosynthesis capture each year ? twice the amount of energy obtainable by all the non-renewable sources on earth can be provided by the sun in what span of time ? what is the amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth ? how much solar energy is captured by photosynthesis ? the amount of solar energy per year is twice as much as the energy that will ever be produced from what resources ? where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from ? how are solar technologies defined ? what is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active ? which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun ? how do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun ? are supply side solar technologies generally active or passive ? are demand side solar technologies generally active or passive ? what is an active solar technique used to generate energy ? what is an active solar technique used to generate energy ? what does an active solar technique do ? what does a passive solar technique do ? what was the name of the inventor who built a solar engine in 1897 ? in what year was the sun power company formed ? shuman patented his solar engine system in what year ? who is frank shuman ? in what year did solar engine build his solar engine ? what was the solar engine used to power ? in what year was the sun power company established ? in what year did frank shuman patent his solar engine ? where did shuman build the world 's first solar thermal power station ? how many liters of water per minute did shuman 's engine pump in litres ? in what decade were shuman 's ideas about solar energy revived ? where was the first solar thermal power plant built ? what was used to power the plants engine ? from what river did the engine pump water ? what slowed down the growth of solar energy ? when was the interest in solar energy restored ? according to shuman , up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems ? what do solar hot water systems use to heat water ? how much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes ? what is a common type of solar water heater ? what type of solar water heater is used to heat pools ? what was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts ? over 90 % of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries ? what is the capacity of a solar hot water system ? what country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems ? what percentage of households use solar hot water systems in israel and cyprus ? in what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w = swimming pools ? what percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from hvac systems ? how much energy does an hvac system use in commercial locations ? how much energy does an hvac system use in residential locations ? what can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by hvac systems ? materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass ? what is thermal mass ? what are typical thermal mass material ? how is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool ? what is a something that determines the size of thermal mass ? what does thermal mass reduce the need for ? what kind of system is a solar chimney ? what is a solar chimney ? what is a solar chimney made of ? how can the performance of a solar chimney be improved ? the placement of deciduous trees on the equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season ? what is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling ? how much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees ? why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator ? what side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter ? horace de saussure built the first box cooker in what year ? reflector cookers can reach temperatures in celsius of up to what ? what are solar cookers used for ? what are the 3 main categories of solar cookers ? who created the box cooker ? what is the typical temperature range for a box cooker ? what do reflector cookers require to function ? the solar total energy project had a field of how many parabolic dishes ? are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems ? what are some examples of solar concentrating technologies ? what was the first commercial solar concentrating system ? what is one of the oldest uses of solar energy ? what are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity ? what are unglazed transpired collectors ? in what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in las salinas ? what is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable ? by who was the first record of solar distillation done by ? when was the first large solar distillation plant created ? how much water was produced by the plant ? what is an example of a solar distillation design ? solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization ? how long should the plastic bottles filled with water be exposed to sunlight during solar water disinfection ? what does the world health organization say about solar water disinfection ? how many people use solar water disinfection to disinfect their drinking water ? what is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds ? for what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond ? what is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable ? by what year is solar power expected to become the world 's greatest source of electricity ? when is solar power is foreseen to become the largest source of electricity ? the largest solar power plant in the world is located in what desert ? less than 1 % of the world 's total grid electricity was generated by solar energy in what year ? what is the largest solar power plant in the world ? where is the largest solar power plant in the world located ? what are the largest photovoltaic solar power plants ? in the 1880s , who constructed the first solar cell ? in what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed ? what has happened to photovoltaic in the past 20 years ? what is a solar cell ? who created the first solar cell ? who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide ? who created the crystalline silicon solar cell ? in all the different csp systems , concentrated sunlight is used to heat what ? what do concentrating solar power systems use ? what is the heat generated from a concentrating solar power system used for ? what is one of the most developed concentrating solar power technologies ? what do concentrating solar power technologies have in common ? socrate 's what is a classic example of passive solar design ? what is a common feature of passive solar architecture ? what is produced when the features of passive solar architecture are customized to the environment ? what is an example of passive solar design ? what kind of equipment can improve system performance ? uhi is an abbreviation of what ? a program in los angeles believes that with $ 1 billion , city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in celsius ? what are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called ? what materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials ? what is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands ? during the little ice age , what did english and french farmers use to increase collection of solar energy ? vinters have adopted solar technology to do what ? why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured ? what are some techniques used to improve crop production ? what did french and english farmers do during the little ice age to gain more solar energy ? what was the purpose of the fruit walls built by french and english farmers ? when were the first greenhouses used ? in what century were the first modern greenhouses constructed ? what do greenhouses do with solar energy ? what is one purpose of a greenhouse ? what was one of the first uses of a greenhouse ? where were the first modern greenhouses built ? what is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years ? what was the winner of the world solar challenge 's average speed in 2007 in km/h ? what is the world solar challenge ? when was the world solar challenge started ? what was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987 ? what was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007 ? what are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles ? the first practical solar boat was constructed in what year ? when was the first solar powered boat made ? who first crossed the pacific ocean using a solar powered boat ? what was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the atlantic ocean ? what altitude did the solar riser reach in feet ? what is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power ? when was the first unmanned flight by a solar powered plane made ? when was the first solar powered manned flight made ? when did the solar challenger cross the english channel ? where did eric scott raymond fly using a solar powered plane in 1990 ? how long is the solar powered plane solar impulse able to remain in the air ? what is a possible alternative to making carbon-based fuels from reduction of carbon dioxide ? what process converts solar energy into storable and transportable fuels ? what solar process can be used to produce different fuels ? what is the name of the process under development at the weizmann institute ? the solznic process produces what ? what has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s ? what is one of the thermochemical processes that has been explored besides electrolysis ? what is the name of the process being developed by the weizmann institute ? in what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy ? what is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat ? what are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems ? what is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system ? paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media ? the first glauber 's salt heating system was first used where ? what are some examples of phase change materials ? what are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials ? what was the name of the heating system that first used glauber 's salt ? why are salts good for thermal storage ? how much energy was the solar two able to store using salts ? where do off-grid pv systems store excess electricity ? what do off-grid pv systems use to store excess electricity ? what are the programs that gives credit to households for delivering electricity to the grid called ? how is the credit to households accomplished ? why is a second meter usually unnecessary to monitor electricity use ? when water is released due to high demand , the pump become swhat ? pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form ? how is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered ? the oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies ? what brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s ? what are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology ? what is the name of the solar energy research facility in the us ? what is the name of the solar energy research facility in japan ? what is the name of the solar energy research facility in germany ? the solar water heaters introduced in the us in the 1890s saw growth until what time period ? since 1999 , what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at ? when did the use of solar water heaters in the us first begin ? why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s ? growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999 what was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007 ? which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues ? who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world ? iso 9050 relates to standards for what ? iso 10217 relates to standards for what ? what is the name of the standard related to glass in building ? what is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters ? what are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as ? what are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy ? what is an example of a passive solar technique ? what was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012 ? what is solar energy 's yearly potential ? what makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity > who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000 ? how will solar energy increase energy security ? what costs will solar energy lower ? what should the cost of incentives for producing solar energy be considered ? what effect will solar energy have on the price of fossil fuels ? why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface ? why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available ? what is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth 's equator ? why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy ? what effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available ? why does land availability have an effect on solar energy ? why are roofs a good place for solar panels ? what factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy ? what was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate ? what is solar power ? how is sunlight converted into electricity ? what does a concentrated solar power system use ? what is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system ? what method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity ? what has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history ? who first utilized solar architecture ? in which direction were the buildings built by the greeks and chinese facing ? what is a solar balloon ? what happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon ? what is the use of solar balloons typically limited to ? why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market ? why was solar technology developed in the 1860s ? what slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century ? according to a report in 2011 , by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world 's energy ? what could the sun 's energy do to help limit climate change ? what are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land ? what other culutres has ruled the area ? what was the territory of tajikistan during the neolithic and the bronze age ? when did tajikistan become an independent nation ? what years did the civil war take place ? what were some of the different kindoms and people that called tajikistan home ? what are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane ? what year did tajikistan become an independant nation ? what years did the war last through ? when did tajiks start being part of the soviet army ? how many tajik troops fought against germany , finland and japan during wwii ? what percent of tajiks were killed during the war ? what was not developing as fast as other soviet republics ? how were the different factions distinguished from eachother ? what did the ceasefire guaranteed ? who came into power in 1992 ? why did more than half a million people flee ? who was stationed along the boarder ? where have french troops been stationed since september 11 , 2001 ? where is the main base for the tajikistan air force ? why do us troops visit tajikistan every so often ? how many solider were killed in september when islamic militants escaped ? when did russia say they will be sending more troops to tajikistan ? when did the military operation end in rasht valley ? why was there concerns in 2010 ? what type of government does tajikistan have ? who is the prime minister of tajikistan ? who are the deputy prime ministers ? when was emomalii rahmon elected president ? what kind of system is a dominant-party system ? even though tajikistan has freedom of the press , what is the problem with it ? what is not tolerated by the government in respect to media ? what is not covered by local media ? what access is blocked ? what is the smalled nation in the central asia area ? what mountian range runs through tajikistan ? where is dushanbe located ? where exactly is tajikistan ? what area is under sea level ? where did the word tajik come from ? what does tajikistan mean ? what does the suffix - stan mean ? why is it hard to find the origin of the word tajik ? when was the region under tibetan empire and the chinese ? who took control of the regin in 710 ? who restored persian control of the region ? what was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of iran ? when was the region under tibetan empire and the chinese ? who took control of the regin in 710 ? when was the region under tibetan empire and the chinese ? who restored persian control of the region ? who took control of the regin in 710 ? who restored persian control of the region ? what was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of iran ? what was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of iran ? when was the land under tibetan empire and chinese ? when was tajikistan under ymayyads contorl ? who conquered tansaxania ? when did the samanid empire rule the land ? when did the russian empire take over central asia ? who controled the tajikistan portion of russian trukestan ? what was russian interested in tajikistan area for ? what did russia do between 1864-1885 ? in 1885 , who was ruling the tajikistan area ? what did the jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century ? who were viewed as a threat by the jadidists ? when was the uprising against the khanate of kokand ? why did demonstrators attack russian soldiers in khujand ? who went to war against bolshevick armies ? what did they go to war against bolshevick ? who won the war ? what religions were discourages so their places of worship were closed ? in 1924 , what was created as part of uzbekistan ? where was the expansion of cotton and agriculture mainly ? what happeded between 1927-1934 ? what forced resettlement throughout tajikistan ? who directed the purges of soviets ? how many people were expelled ?? who were sent to replace the expelled positions ? what did the population of russians do between 1926-1959 ? what did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced ? what happened in the feb 2010 election ? why were parties upset in the 2005 election ? what did the osce say that tajikistan did ? what was the tajikistan governments response ? where is tajikistan located ? how many people are living in tajikistan ? what is the area of tajikistan ? what country lies to tajikistans east ? what seperates tajikistan and pakistan ? what country borders tajikistan to the east ? how many people are estimated to live in tajikistan ? what is the area of tajikistan ? what country borders tajikistan to the south ? what country borders tajikistan to the west ? what was the first recorded history of this region ? what was modern tajikistan part of around 500 be ? who took over the territory and made it part of their empire ? what tribes took control of the region in first centry ce ? when was islam brought to the region ? what empire brought islam practices with them ? what religions were practiced in the region from first centry ce to 4th centry ce ? what was the rate that the gdp expanded ? what is the primary source of income in tajikistan ? what accounts for 60 % of the agricultural output ? what is the name of the state owned company that produces aluminium ? who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in tajikistan ? what is something that the rivers in tajikistan are good for ? what is the highest dam in the world ? what will the project named casa 1000 do ? what is the average amount lived on per day ? what was the total for the remittances from tajik migrans ? how did tajikistan change their economy ? what has been one of the drivers of tajikistan 's robust economic growth ? what is raised locally for the domestic market ? what all has helped with the fight against drugs ? tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations ? what is unodc helping tajikistan with to help the war on drugs ? what are the majority of transportation options ? what countries had tajikistan been working with to use ports ? what countries did tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way ? what year was the agreement signed ? how many airports does tajikistan have ? what is the country 's main airport ? where are the international flights maining going to ? what is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country ? what is tajikistans population as of july 2009 ? what percent of the population is under 30 years old ? what percent of the population are between 14 to 30 years old ? what lanuage do the people of tajikistan speak ? what are the citizens of tajikistan called ? what people live in the southeast area of the country ? how are they different than most tajiks ? what mountians do the pamiri people call home ? what school has been recognized by the government ? what kind of state does tajikistan see itself as ? what are the two national islamic holidays ? what percent of the population is muslim ? what type of religions concerns are there ? what concerns for the religions institutions are there ? what is the name of the militant islamic party in tajikistan ? what does the hizb ut-tahrir aim for ? what do religions communities have to register with ? what does the scra require ? what do you have to have to gather for public prayer ? what can happen if you do not register ? what is wrong with the health care system in tajikistan ? how many disabled people are registered in tajikistan ? what percent of the gdp was spent on health ? what was the name of the paper that the world bank and tajikistan came up with ? how many years of school are there in the tajikistan school system ? what do they want to impliment in 2016 ? what is the name of one of the tertiary education institutions ? what is the percent of tertiary education enrollment ? what is anthropology a study of ? what type of anthropology describes the workings of societies around the world ? what investigates the influence of language in social life ? what subdivision of anthropology concerns itself with the long-term development of the human organism ? where is archaeology considered a branch of anthropology ? vienna created it 's society in what year ? when was the berlin society of anthropology founded by rudolph virchow ? when was the american anthropological association founded ? when did madrid get it 's own anthropological society ? what did virchow feel darwin 's conclusions lacked ? what proliferated in the last three decades of the 19th century ? what did all the anthropological societies allow their membership to be ? who belonged to these proliferating organizations ? how many educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898 ? how many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in ? when did bronislaw malinoswki and franz boas do their relevant work ? what did margaret mead advocate for ? what has cultural anthropology distinguished itself from other social sciences by emphasizing ? what did boas ' argue against ? what has cultural anthropology specifically emphasized ? what fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology ? what builds upon natural and social sciences ? what type of discipline is anthropology ? where did early anthropology originate ? what interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of ? what has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by ? when was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology ? what questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology ? what two fields remained largely positivist ? what have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades ? what draws together the axes of cultural and social anthropology ? which type of anthropology studies relationships among persons and groups ? what does social anthropology help develop an understanding of ? what kind of distinction is lacking between social and cultural anthropology ? what studies the way people make sense of the world around them ? what is the attempt to understand other societies on their own terms ? what can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research ? what is one of the foundational methods of social anthropology ? what is a needlessly complicated word which means `` conceptual '' ? what does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate ? why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of ? what patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about ? what is a human universal ? what is the object of study for linguistic anthropology ? why type of conflict is sociocultural anthropology interested in ? what field studies human 's past through material remains ? what can archaeologists deduce from material remains ? what do ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups ? how are long dead human groups presumed to have lived and behaved as compared to still living populations ? what are artifacts , faunal remains and human altered landscapes the evidence of ? what problems does linguistic anthropology bring linguistic methods to bear on ? what is the analysis of linguistic forms and processes linked to ? what subdivision of anthropology seeks to understand the process of human communications ? what related fields do linguistic anthropologists draw on ? what is a cultural phenomenon ? what have several anthropologists noted about western artistic endeavors and their place in non-western contexts ? what formal features in objects do anthropologists of art focus on ? when was art as cultural system penned ? what is the trend to transform the anthropology of ` art ' into an anthropology of ? who used the term anthropology to describe the natural history of man ? when was anthropology used as a term for comparative anatomy ? when was a chair created for anthropology at the national museum of natural history ? where is the national museum of natural history located ? what organization was formed by members whose primary objective was the abolishment of slavery ? what is anthropology the intellectual results of ? what were theorists in diverse fields beginning to notice between animals and languages ? what did the theorists suspect these patterns were the result of ? what was darwin 's on the origin of species for theorists ? how did darwin arrive at his conclusions ? when did wallace and darwin unveil the theory of evolution ? what was there a rush to do with the theory of evolution ? where did paul broca reside ? what organization was broca in the process of disentangling himself from ? what did the french call evolutionism ? if broca were alive today , what would his profession be ? what particularly interested broca ? what did broca discover in the human brain ? what did the german philosopher waitz specialize in ? how many volumes was waitz work ? how did waitz define anthropology ? what philosophical perspective did waitz hold ? what would anthropology use to differentiate man from the animals nearest him ? what did waitz stress that the data of comparison must be ? what history was to be brought into the comparison ? who was waitz influential among ? in what year did richard francis burton break away from the ethnological society of london ? what path of exploration did the anthropological society of london follow ? representatives from where were present in the anthropological society of london ? whose work did hunt stress in the first volume of the anthropological review ? what did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into ? what was anthropology diversified into dozens of ? what type of anthropology is used to solve specific problems ? what does a forensic archaeologist become stimulated to do in the presence of buried victims ? from how many nations does the wcaa boast members from ? what type of anthropology tries to understand the social aspects of mass media ? media production and media reception are examples of what type of context ? media such as a radio and television have started to make their presences felt since what years ? following audiences in their everyday responses to media is encompassed by what type of context ? what type of anthropology involves the relatively new area of internet search ? what type of anthropology concerns itself with the study of photography and film ? what are performances , art , and the production of mass media grouped under ? what cultures ' visual representations are included in visual anthropology ? what term is visual anthropology sometimes used interchangeably with ? which branch of anthropology attempts to explain human economic behavior ? economic anthropology covers what scope of human economic behavior ? what is economic anthropology highly critical of ? who was the polish-british founder of anthropology ? what is economic anthropology mostly focused upon ? what does political economy in anthropology apply historical materialism to ? what did political economy introduce questions of to theories of social structure and culture ? who were the original affluent society ? what do peasants make up the vast majority of in the world ? what have political economists most recently focused on the issues of ? what type of anthropology is used to analyse and find solutions to real world problems ? what do the instrumental methods of applied anthropology produce ? what type of action does applied anthropology initiate ? what side of anthropology is applied anthropology ? included in applied anthropology is researcher involvement as well as activism in what communities ? what perspective does development anthropology view development from ? what does development anthropology involves doing a lot of ? development anthropologists would like to know why if a goal is to alleviate poverty , that poverty is doing what ? when it comes to plans and outcomes , what do development anthropologists look at between them ? what does a lot of planned development apparently do ? what can refer to the study of patterns in human cultures ? what has developed a number of related concepts and terms ? when has anthropology developed related terms ? what does it mean if people are related by descent ? kinship patterns can included people who are relatives by what cultural ritual involving the exchange of rings and sometimes dowry ? what type of anthropology focuses on a political agenda rather than on contributing to science ? what does feminist anthropology self-reports as seeking to reduce in research findings ? what do feminist anthropologists claim their research helps to correct ? what are feminist anthropologists centrally concerned about ? what type of anthropology do feminist anthropologists inclusively specialize in ? what division of anthropology concerns itself with food security ? nutritional anthropologists investigate the interplay between economic systems and what ? if environmental changes in a community affect access to food , then there is an eventual connection to what ? what affects overall health status ? what can having ready access to food affect the overall potential development of ? what subfield of anthropology studies mental processes ? what does psychological anthropology particularly focus on in a particular culture group ? what aspects define a cultural group ? what shapes processes of human cognition ? psychological anthropology examines how our models of social processes are informed by what ? what type of anthology deals with patterns of shared knowledge ? what methods and theories do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cultural innovation ? what are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive science ? cognitive anthropologists want to know how the way people perceive and related to the world around them is linked to what ? what type of anthropology is interested in the structure of political systems ? from what basis do political anthropologists examine the structure of political systems ? when did the new development of a stateless society come about ? the presence of states , bureaucracies and markets makes for what type of social setting ? who did a comparative work on a balinese state ? what type of anthropology originated as a sub-focus group ? when did the division of cyborg anthropology originate ? what the sub-group of cyborg anthropology very closely related to , in addition to sts ? who published a cyborg manifesto ? what does cyborg anthropology study about humankind and technological systems humans have built ? which sub-specialty of anthropology takes an active role in looking at how humans interact with their environment ? what is the focus of most of the field work in environmental anthropology today ? what do many characterize the new perspective as being more informed with ? the data interpretation of environmental anthropology can be used to prevent what type of exploitation ? who does melissa checker have a relationship with ? how does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs ? ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today ? what does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as ? what do the methods of ethnohistory go beyond the standard use of ? who recognizes the utility of music , folkore and language ? what division of anthropology is concerned with poverty ? who is fond of quoting a remark from the 1960s ? what is a stereotype of traditional anthropologists ? how many principles approaches are there in urban anthropology ? one would be studying how the dynamic of a city is affected if one were looking directly at different what ? what is anthrozoology also known as ? what is the study of interaction between living things ? what does the field of anthrozoology overlap with ? what type of effects are a major focus of the anthrozoologic research ? what are some of the diverse range of fields scholars come to anthrozoology from ? what branch of anthropology studies human behavior and the relation between primates ? what is evolutionary anthropology based in ? which humans does evolutionary anthropology concern itself with the biological and cultural evolution of ? what type of approach is evolutionary anthropology based on ? what evidence does evolutionary anthropology draw on to understand the human experience ? what type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide ? what is the proper term for circumcision ? what are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist ? nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of man 's inhumanity towards whom ? why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics ? what were boas ' peers doing in the 1940s ? what groups formed the axis forces ? what did many anthropologists serve in ? the office of strategic services is an example of what type of posting during the war ? why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs , according to david h. price ? what do groups of anthropologists object to the use of anthropology for benefit of ? what type of briefings are forbidden for members of certain anthropologist bodies to give ? what has the asa identified as being ethically dangerous ? who penned a `` statement of professional responsibility '' ? secret research and reports are things which should never be what ? who are anthropologists working with along with other social scientists ? what are the anthropologists part of ? what efforts focus on better understanding and meeting of local needs in afghanistan ? where are hts teams working with the military in addition to afghanistan ? what does the aaa feel is incompatible with working with the military ? what type of anthropologist is interested in human variation ? what would an idea shared by virtually all human cultures be considered ? where can participant observation take an anthropologist ? to be able to do fieldwork , an anthropologist must first travel to what ? articles can published once what type of samples have been taken ? how do anthropologists typically like to divide up the world ? how has human time on earth been divided up ? olduwan , mousterian , and levalloisian are all types of what ? mapping cultures is central to both the sciences of anthropologists and who else ? what is a central part of the science of anthropology ? what do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of ? a past society would be an other culture separated by what temporal aspect ? what other cultures are said to be separated by space , what is actually meant ? who published a book with unnecessarily long title , `` exploring the city : inquires toward an urban anthropology '' ? when did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to `` look across the tracks '' ? what has become common for social anthropologists to do since the 1980s ? setting research in the north atlantic region allows looking at connections between locations rather than being limited to what ? what has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond ? what setting have anthropologists done more research in recently ? governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses are all settings which are fair game to do what in ? what happened to joseph i in 1758 ? who was implicated in the attempted assassination of joseph i ? who was expelled from the country after the assassination attempt on joseph i ? in what year did joseph i make his minister the count of oeiras ? what act finally broke the power of the aristocracy ? in which year was the count of oeiras made the marquis of pambal ? how long did the marquis of pombal rule portugal ? what did pombal 's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty ? was the new count of oeiras opposed by anyone after the tavora affair ? what was pombal 's `` enlightenment '' an apparatus for ? under whose occupation did portugal begin a slow decline ? in what year did brazil become independent from portugal ? to where did prince regent joao vi of portugal transfer his court ? what was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by portugal and brazil in 1815 ? how long did portugal 's decline last ? portugese and british troops fought against the invasion of which country ? until when did the king of portugal remain in brazil ? where did the liberal revolution of 1820 begin ? by what year had the situation in europe cool down enough so that joao vi would have been able to safely return to lisbon ? what provoked the modernization and expansion of the brazilian administrative , civic , economical , military , educational , and scientific apparatus ? when were railroad tracks being installed portugese africa ? when was the conference of berlin held ? during what period were the portugese africa 's cities founded or redeveloped ? why were the portugese africa territories ' borders formally established ? what new portugese africa 's coastal towns were developed during the scramble for africa ? on what day were king dom carlos i and and his heir , prince royal dom luis filipe , duke of braganza , murdered ? under the rule of king dom carlos i , on what two days was portugal declared bankrupt ? who succeeded king dom carlos i as king ? on what day was king manuel ii overthrown ? during the portuguese first republic , what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest ? who led the estado novo ? in what year was the estado novo established ? how many european countries remained neutral throughout world war ii ? what action affirmed portugal 's status as a transcontinental nation ? what are three international organizations that portugal belongs to ? what form of government does portugal maintain ? what is portugal 's social progress ranking ? which three western european countries have a lower social progress ranking than portugal ? in 2001 , portugal was the first country in the world to do what ? what was pelayos ' plan ? against which group of people was pelayos fighting ? in which battle did pelayos defeat the moors ? in which year was pelayos proclaimed king ? what was the war of christian reconquest , started by pelayos , known as in portugese ? why was the kingdom of asturias divided ? who annexed the county of portugal into the kingdom of asturias ? in which year was vimara peres knighted ? what was vimara knighted as ? what three names did portugal become known as after vimara peres was knighted ? during the internecine struggles , what did the the people of country of portugal struggle with ? the county of portugal separated from the kingdom of galicia to establish what ? portugese diverged from which language ? what is the castilian lanugage known as ? by which language was the astur-leonese replaced ? who was de melo 's second marriage to ? who was the 1st marquis of pombal ? what title did archduchess maria anne josefa hold ? who arranged the widow de melo 's second marriage ? who was not pleased by de melo 's second marriage ? what type of natural disaster was the city center of lisbon designed to resist ? how were earthquakes simulated on the architectural models ? did lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity ? what are some of lisbon 's tourist attractions ? how did de melo contribute to the study of seismology ? what is the official name of portugal ? where is portugal located ? which ocean does portugal border ? how long is the portugal-spain border ? what two autonomous regions have their own governments in portugal ? what is the official name of portugal ? where is portugal located ? what other country does portugal border ? what ocean does portugal border ? what is the longest uninterrupted border within the european union ? who were the first inhabitants of portugal ? which two groups followed the first inhabitants ? by what year had portugal established itself as an independent kingdom ? what age did portugal pioneer ? in which centuries did portugal establish the first global empire ? in portugal , which city was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake ? in which year did brazel become independent ? in which year was the portugal monarchy deposed ? which portugese colony was lost to china in 1999 ? how many portugese speakers are there today ? from what name is portugal derived ? by what group was the portugal region settled ? to what four peoples did the settlement of portugal give rise ? during what years was the portugal region incorporated in the roman republic ? from what old germanic word is alenquer originate ? in what year did lusitania become a roman province ? what was the northern province of lusitania known as ? what are two large roman sites that still exist today in portugal ? what are castros ? how far apart are conimbriga and coimbra ? how long did it take the umayyad caliphate to defeat the visigoths ? in what year did portugal become a part of umayyad caliphate 's empire ? in which year did umayyad caliphate 's empire collapse ? under whom did the western part of umayyad caliphate 's empire gain its independence ? how long did it take the emirate to become the caliphate of codoba ? what were the governors of the taifas called ? which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations ? to which taifa did most of portugal fall into ? in which year did the taifa period end ? which battle took place in 1147 ? what are converts to islam called ? who did the arabs principally consist of ? where were the berbers originally from ? in which region of portugal did the muslim population stay ? how many modern portugese words have arabic origins ? who was the eldest son of alfonso iii and what did he become king of ? who was the second son of alfonso iii and what did he become king of ? who was alfonso iii 's third son and what area did he receive ? in which year did alfonso iii likely die ? in which year was the kingdom of castile formed ? which years were plagued by the black death ? in 1373 , portugal made an alliance with which country ? what is the longest standing alliance in the world ? the portugal-english alliance served as the predecessor to what ? in which portugese region is there still visible english influence ? what european age did portugal spearhead ? who was the father of prince henry the navigator ? which three atlantic archipelagos did portugal discover ? by which path did portugal discover a route to india ? what south american country did portugal discover ? did the king 's confidence in de melo increase or decrease ? what title was given to de melo in 1755 ? with whose economic success was de melo impressed with ? who abolished slavery in portugal ? who ended discrimination against difference christian sects in portugal ? what were de melo 's greatest reforms ? why did e melo demarcate the region for production of port ? among which class did de melo 's reforms gain him the most enemies ? who was the first person to try to ensure the wine 's quality in portugal ? did de melo impose strict laws only on one class of people ? until when did the portuguese government resist decolonization of their overseas territories ? what was the carnation revolution ? by what was the prec characterized by ? what entity governed portugal until 1976 ? which party won the portuguese election in 1976 ? who became the prime minister of portugal in 1976 ? through what years was mario soares the portuguese prime minister ? between which two political ideals did portugal bounce between ? in what year was the portuguese constitution approved ? for what reasons were the portuguese constitution rewritten ? what type of climate does portugal have ? in the mountainous interior north of portugal , between what degrees is the average temperature ? in the south of portugal and on the guadiana river basin , between what degrees does the average temperature fluctuate ? how high do the mountains between algarve and the alentejo region reach ? what type of climate do the archipelagos of the azores and madeira have ? what makes weather predictions difficult in the archipelago region ? what type of climate does the island of the azores have ? what two types of forests can be found in geres ? to what period does the laurissilva forest date back to ? what type of oak tree is colonizing many abandoned areas in portugal ? what wild animal was recently found roaming urban areas in portugal ? how many national parks does portugal have ? what is laurisilva ? what are some examples of mammalian fauna found in laurisilva forests ? what type of animal crosses between europe and africa during the autumn ? how many freshwater fish species can be found in portugal ? in portugal , where can you find the giant european catfish ? why are some species becoming endangered in portugal ? what type of glowing species can be found on some beaches in portugal ? for how many years is the portugal president elected ? who is the current president of portugal ? how many deputies make up the assembly of the republic ? for how long of a term are deputies elected ? how many members sit on the constitutional court ? what two political parties dominate portugal 's government ? at what three levels does the portugal government operate ? what other political groups exist other than the two dominant ones ? what percentage of the vote do the non-dominant parties get ? who is the head of state of portugal ? for how many years does each term of the president of the republic last ? by what means is the president of the republic elected ? who has the power to appoint and dismiss the prime minister ? what group acts as the presidential cabinet ? what process is required of each government 's policies ? what is needed to reject a cabinet 's policy ? portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what ? what is the policia de seguranca publica - psp -lrb- public security police -rrb- ? what is the policia judiciaria - pj -lrb- judicial police -rrb- ? which entity oversees the judicial police ? in which year did portugal decriminalize drug possession ? how much of a drug is legal to possess ? what option is allowed to those caught with small amounts of drugs ? by 2009 , by how much had the rate of hiv infection decreased ? how many municipalities is portugal divided into ? how many civil parishes are the portuguese municipalities divided into ? how many districts is the continental portugal divided into ? how many branches make up the portuguese armed forces ? what are the branches of the portuguese armed forces ? what is the primary purpose of the portuguese armed forces ? how many women were in the portuguese armed forces in 2008 ? how much money was spent on the portuguese armed forced in 2009 ? what is the number of personnel in the army ? with what is the infantry brigade mainly equipped with ? what is the mechanized brigade mainly equipped with ? what does the rapid reaction brigade consist of ? how many personnel does the navy have ? in what two major conflicts did portugal engage in during the 20th century ? during which years was the portuguese colonial war fought ? in what countries have the portuguese armed forces participated in peacekeeping missions ? what are two examples of independent portuguese unilateral military operations conducted abroad ? who headed the government after the bailout was announced ? what was the purpose of the portuguese bailout ? how was the portuguese bailout implemented ? between 2010 and 2012 , by what percentage were the wages of public servants cut ? in which year did the carnation revolution take place ? between 1974 and 2010 , how did the portuguese government encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles ? by whom was a report published in 2011 that demonstrated the portuguese government encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles ? in what two years was there a financial crisis ? which two portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years ? what caused bpn and bpp to accumulate losses ? why was the case of bpn more serious ? on what charge was bpn 's ceo arrested ? what currency does portugal use ? what currency did the euro replace in portugal ? what is the name of portugal 's central bank ? in what two areas are most portuguese industries , businesses , and financial institutions concentrated ? according to world travel awards , for what activity is portugal known as europe 's leading destination ? in which year did the carnation revolution take place ? what period followed the carnation revolution ? since the 90 's , how has portugal 's economic development model been changing ? what are the more traditional industries that have existed in portugal ? what is portugal the world 's leading producer of ? by what entities was the portuguese economy bailed out ? in what year was the economic bailout agreed to ? how much money was agreed to in the financial bailout ? when did portugal exit the bailout ? by the time portugal exited the bailout , to what percentage had the unemployment rate fallen ? upon what is portuguese agriculture based ? what types of companies back more large scale , export-oriented agrobusinesses in portugal ? what types of crops does portugal produce ? what types of livestock products does portugal produce ? which company is the world 's oldest canned fish producer ? what are the names of various companies that produce and export fish products ? what food does portugal have one of the highest rates of consumption of ? what mineral is portugal ranked as a leading european producer of ? what are three types of minerals portugal is a notable producer of ? what type of exploration does portugal lack the potential for ? in which region does portugal have vast reserves of iron and coal ? what event triggered a decrease in the extraction of portugal 's natural resources ? what automotive brands exist in portugal ? what aerospace companies exist in portugal ? where is volkswagen group 's autoeuropa assembly plant located ? what are the main centers for the portuguese aerospace industries ? where are the main centers of the biotech and it industries located ? portuguese tourist numbers are expected to do what in the future ? with what area does portugal compete with for tourists ? how does portugal compete with other areas for tourists ? what attractions does portugal have to offer tourists ? what magazine described portugal as `` a new sick man of europe ? '' between 2002 and 2007 , by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change ? what percentage did the unemployment rate reach in december , 2009 ? in 2009 , what rating did standard & poor 's assign to portugal 's long-term credit assessment ? in which year did moody 's downgrade portugal 's long-term credit assessment ? what did prime minister jose socrates announce on april 6 , 2011 ? how many times has portugal requested external financial support ? what provoked the first request from portugal for financial support ? for what reason did moody 's investor services downgrade nine portuguese banks in 2011 ? in 2005 , how many public employees did portugal have for every thousand inhabitants ? what was the average number of public employees per every thousand inhabitants for the european union in 2005 ? in comparison to eu and usa standards , how was portugal 's justice system regarded ? which country had the slowest criminal justice system in western europe in 2005 ? how many judges and prosecutors does portugal have per 100,000 inhabitants ? who was the portugal prime minister in 2013 ? what did the prime minister announce during the first week of may in 2013 ? for what reason did prime minister passos coelho justify cutting 30000 jobs ? from which entities did portugal seek a monetary bailout from ? to what age did passos coelho increase the retirement age ? to what did passos coelho announce cuts to ? which obligatory class was abolished from basic education ? what did the instituting of these policies lead to ? since when has the portugal unemployment rate been in a falling trend ? to what percentage did the unemployment rate peak at ? in the second quarter of 2008 , what was the portuguese unemployment rate ? by when did the portuguese unemployment rate pass the 10 % mark ? what are the tourist hotspots in portugal ? where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in portugal every year ? what apparitions reportedly took place in 1917 ? what tourist destinations are the portuguese government continuing to promote and develop ? what is the 16th european city to attract the most tourists ? what prompted transportation improvements in portugal in the 1970 's ? after joining the european economic community in the 90 's , what did portugal begin building ? how long is portugal 's total road network ? in which year was the first motorway opened in portugal ? how much land does the continental portugal cover ? how many national airports does portugal have ? near what cities are the portuguese airports located ? why is lisbon a popular stopover for many foreign airlines ? what is the primary flag-carrier in portugal ? into what country does portugal 's railway system expand ? what entity supports and administrates portugal 's railway system ? how long is the total railway system in portugal ? how long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified ? how long is the amount of railway lines that permit speeds greater than 120 km/h ? what are the two subway systems in portugal ? how long are each of the subway systems ? by what company have the lisbon tram services been supplies by ? for how long has the libon tram service existed ? in what type of network are most scientific research studies conducted in portugal ? what is one example of a state-managed autonomous research institution ? by which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing portugal 's research system ? what are two of the large non-state run research institutions in portugal ? what is the champalimaud foundation ? what does the champalimaud foundation award every year ? in what year was the sciences academy of lisbon founded ? what is the name of the largest european aquarium ? what does the state agency ciencia viva promote ? what are some examples of notable organizations focused on scientific exhibitions ? what was responsible for creating thousands of scientific , technological , and knowledge-based businesses ? what are some examples of the science parks being built in portugal ? for what reason to companies locate in the portuguese science parks ? what are the two most considerable sources of renewable energy in portugal ? where was moura photovoltaic power station located ? where was the agucadoura wave farm located ? by the end of 2006 , what percentage of portugal 's energy production was from renewable sources ? what is the name of portugal 's national energy transmission company ? what does ren do ? through what renewable resource had portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution ? what is used to pump water uphill in portugal ? how did the portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels ? what was the portuguese population in 2011 ? what percentage of the portuguese population in 2011 was female ? what percentage of the portuguese population in 2011 was male ? what is the dominant religion in portugal ? what were the moors who converted to catholicism known as ? in what group of people do the portuguese have their origin ? when did people first start arriving in the european continent ? what is the main population source of the portuguese people ? what is the cornerstone of portugal 's national identity ? which ocean does portugal border ? what were two of the last territories portugal gave up ? the vast majority of brazilians have what ancestry in common ? how many inhabitants did portugal have by 2007 ? what percentage of the portuguese people are roman catholic ? what other religious communities exist in portugal ? what percentage of the portuguese people identify as non-religious ? what percentage of the portuguese population did not give an answer for their religion in the 2011 census ? in what religion do many portuguese holidays and festivals find their origin ? in what centuries did the roman catholic church play a role in the reconquest ? what changed the role and importance of organized religion in portugal ? during what years did the formation of the first portuguese republic take place ? on what date did the battle of ourique take place ? afonso heard jesus promising what ? why did god want to act through afonso ? what is the official name of portugal ? what type of language is portuguese ? where did portuguese originate ? what was the common name of the galician and portuguese people ? from what language is portuguese derived ? by what group of people is portuguese derived ? between what years did portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire ? in how many continents is portuguese spoken as a native language ? what country has the largest number of native portuguese speakers ? what is the adult literacy rate in portugal ? portuguese primary school enrollment is close to what percent ? what percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in portugal ? what percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in the united states ? since when have portuguese universities existed ? where was the oldest portuguese university established ? where did the oldest portuguese university relocate to ? what is the oldest engineering school of the americas ? what is the oldest medical college in asia ? when was the bologna process adopted ? what are most higher education student costs supported with ? over what age are higher education applicants considered mature ? what is the ministry of health responsible for ? how many regional health administrations exist in portugal ? what are the regional health administrations in charge of ? what do most portuguese people die from ? what are the two main components of cardiovascular disease ? what is the biggest killer in portugal ? what percentage of portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the eur-a ? who is cancer more common among in portugal ? what survey results complement on data on health status ? what number of portuguese adults rated their health as good or very good ? portugal modernized its public cultural facilities during what two decades ? in what year was the calouste gulbenkian foundation established ? where was the calouste gulbenkian foundation established ? what are some examples of portugal 's public cultural facilities ? how many unesco world heritage sites is portugal home to ? what is the manueline style also known as ? what is the manueline style ? what is soft portuguese style ? who are some of the most renowned architects to come from portugal ? for what is tomas taveira particularly noteworthy for in portugal ? in which period was cinema born ? who are some examples of portuguese film directors ? who are some noted portuguese actors ? in which period was cinema born ? who are some examples of portuguese film directors ? who are some noted portuguese actors ? who was luís de camões ? what epic poem did luís de camões write ? what was luís de camões main influence ? what styles are modern portuguese poetry rooted in ? who are some modern portuguese authors ? what is dry cod known as in portuguese ? other than bacalhau , what are two other popular fish recipes in portugal ? what is caldeirada ? what meats are often used in portuguese recipes ? what are two popular northern portugal dishes ? what are three examples of fast food dishes in portugal ? where does the portuguese art of pastry have its origins ? what are the main ingredients used to make pastries in the monasteries ? what are two examples of portuguese pastries ? since when have portuguese wines garnished international recognition ? with which roman god was portugal associated with ? what are some of the best portuguese wines ? which two portuguese wines are especially enjoyed around the world ? what are a couple examples of summer music festivals held in portugal ? what are a couple examples of non-summer music festivals in portugal ? what is the boom festival ? what international awards have been won by the boom festival ? in which year did portugal hold the mtv europe music awards ? what are some examples of classical pianists from portugal ? what are some examples of classical violinists from portugal ? who are some notable musical composers from portugal ? who are some contemporary composers from portugal ? in which century did portugal see the arrival of modernism ? by what group was amadeo de souza-cardoso most heavily influenced by ? what is one of amadeo de souza-cardoso 's best known works ? who are some of the most prominent modern visual artists in portugal ? what is the most popular sport in portugal ? what is still a major symbol of portuguese football history ? who are two examples of the top football players born in portugal ? what award did both luís figo and cristiano ronaldo win ? who are some of the most renowned football managers in portugal ? what are the three largest sports clubs by popularity in portugal ? what are the three largest sports club by popularity in portugal known as ? how many titles in the european uefa club competitions have `` the big three '' won ? other than football , what other sports are popular in portugal ? by what entity is the algarve cup hosted ? what year was kanye born ? what kind of music does kanye west perform ? what is kanye west 's middle name ? when is kanye west 's birthday ? what was the first label that kanye produced for ? who are some well known artists that kanye produced for early in his career ? how many albums has kanye released since starting his solo career in 2004 ? with which artists that kanye formerly produced for did he go on to collaborate with ? where did kanye west live as a child ? what was kanye west 's first job title after art school ? what year did kanye west release his first rap cd ? how many total cds has kanye west released in his career so far ? how many albums has kanye sold ? how many downloads do kanye 's tracks have across the globe ? kanye is known for having the most of what type of award for his age ? how many albums does kanye have on the `` 500 greatest albums of all time '' list ? what popular magazine placed kanye on their annual list in 2005 and 2015 ? how many cds has kanye west sold ? how many grammy awards has kanye west won ? how many of kanye west 's albums were recognized by rolling stone magazine ? which years was kanye west mentioned in time magazine ? what subject did kanye 's mother teach at her university ? what georgia city was kanye west born ? what was the name of the business that kanye west helped fund in 2006 ? where did kanye west 's mother work before becoming his manager ? what was the name of kanye west 's high school ? where did kanye and his mother relocate when he was 10 ? while staying in china , kanye was the only what in his class ? how well did kanye do in high school ? at what age did kanye west relocate to china ? what university was the cause of west 's mother moving the family to china ? what was kanye creating when he was five ? what was one of the first tracks written by kanye when he was 13 ? who did kanye meet early in his career who later mentored him ? what activity did kanye west start doing when he was five ? what was the name of the song he wrote at age thirteen ? what was the name of the producer that helped kanye west ? where did kanye receive a scholarship to attend ? how old was kanye when he dropped out of college ? what school did kanye west go to in 1997 ? what subject was kanye west 's focus at chicago state university ? at what age did kanye west leave school to follow his musical passion ? what was the name of the cd that kanye recorded based on his failed college experience ? who were the beats kanye made in the 90 's originally intended for ? what types of records did kanye sample in his early career . what music group did kanye join when he could n't release his solo album ? in what time period did kanye begin producing ? when did kanye west start his production career ? for which artist did kanye west act as a ghost producer ? what late 1990s chicago rap group was kanye west a member of ? what firm managed kanye west 's rap group ? what year was the first go-getters album released ? kanye produced the third song from the second album of what artist ? what rappers were featured in the songs that kanye produced for tell 'em why u madd ? which u.s. billboard 200 chart topper did kanye west produce a song for ? what was the name of the cd produced by kanye that was by a made-up character ? what label did kanye begin to work for in 2000 ? what album did kanye receive production credits on in 2001 ? in what year did roc-a-fella make kanye west known ? what was the name of the cd west produced for jay z in 2001 ? although kanye was achieving fame by producing , what did he actually want to be ? what label declined to work with kanye after many meetings ? what career was kanye 's ultimate dream ? what did kanye west not have that made record companies turn him down ? which record company turned kanye down after many meetings ? who almost picked up kanye but was ultimately swayed ? what label finally -lrb- although reluctantly -rrb- picked up kanye ? what did kanye 's peers see him as while he tried to pursue his rap career ? what man was almost ready to give kanye a record deal ? what record company eventually signed kanye west ? what track did kanye compose and perform while injured from his accident ? what was the name of kanye 's 2002 mixtape that he wrote while in the hospital ? after dropping his mixtape , kanye revealed the name of his debut album to be what ? what was the date of kanye 's car wreck ? what song did kanye record about his experience with what happened after the wreck ? what was the name of the mixtape kanye released in december of 2002 ? what happened to kanye 's debut album that caused him to remaster most of it ? how many times was the release date for kanye 's first album pushed back ? in what city did west finish recording his first album ? how many times was the college dropout 's release put off ? what was supposed to be the original release date for the college dropout ? what place on the billboard chart did kanye 's album debut at ? how many publications voted the college dropout for album of the year ? what was the name of the single off the debut album that gave kanye mainstream attention ? what label did kanye create following the success of his first album 's release ? when was the college dropout finally released ? what song was the second released off of kanye 's the college dropout album ? how many grammy nominations did the college dropout receive ? what was the name of the record label that west founded ? what kind of ensemble did kanye hire to work on his second album ? what composer worked alongside kanye on the album 's production ? what was the name of kanye 's second studio album ? how many copies of late registration sold in its first year ? what english music group was an inspiration for kanye west on his second album ? what was the name of west 's second album ? how many copies of late registration were sold in the united states ? the loss of which award caused kanye to leave the american music awards ? kanye participated alongside mike meyers in a relief benefit show for what natural disaster ? what magazine did kanye don a thorn crown for the cover of in 2006 ? in which ama category did kanye lose in 2004 ? which actor was alongside kanye west when he insulted president bush ? what magazine did kanye west pose for in 2006 that caused another controversy ? what broadcast for nbc was kanye presenting for when he spoke negatively about president bush ? what band did kanye tour with for a year ? what setting did kanye want his next tracks to perform well in ? who did kanye study in order to develop his lyrical skills ? which band did kanye west travel with for the vertigo tour ? what decade of music inspired kanye west after his tour with u2 ? other than u2 and led zeppelin , what other band inspired kanye west ? what other country singer besides johnny cash did kanye listen to ? what was the name of kanye 's third album ? kanye released graduation at the same time of what other famous rapper , thus drawing media comparison ? how many copies did graduation sell in its first week of release ? what famous electronic duo did kanye sample on his third album ? what was the name of kanye west 's third cd ? what artist was kanye 's third album release competing against ? what music group was in kanye 's first release off of graduation ? following the loss of his mother , who did kanye end his long-term relationship with ? what vocal technology did kanye pick up for his next set of artistic endeavors ? in what year did kanye west 's mother pass away ? what was the name of kanye 's ex-fiance ? what was the name of kanye 's 2008 music tour ? in what state did kanye west record them majority of his fourth album ? what was the first song released off of kanye 's fourth album ? what label pushed out kanye 's fourth studio album ? which album by kanye west featured the song `` love lockdown '' ? 808s & heartbreak was released by what company ? when was 808s & heartbreaks released ? what was the second song released off of 808s ? the major usage of musical machine on 808s was described as eponymous ? what journalist gave `` 808s and hearbreak '' critical acclimation 4 years after its release ? what was the name of the journalist that wrote about kanye 's album in 2012 ? where did kanye 's famous mic-grab incident occur at ? from who did kanye grab the mic from to make his statement ? kanye 's tour with what artist was cancelled following his outburst at the vma 's ? in what year did kanye 's biggest controversy so far take place ? what artist did kanye west interrupt taylor swift to defend ? which artist was kanye supposed to tour with , but could n't due to the taylor swift controversy ? what awards ceremony did kanye not receive any nominations for after the mtv controversy ? where did kanye base himself to create his next album ? what industry did kanye turn to after taking a break from recording music ? what state did kanye west hide in while writing his next album ? what is the name of kanye 's album released in 2010 ? what award was my beautiful dark twisted fantasy omitted from ? what was the name of kanye 's fifth album ? when was kanye west 's fifth album debuted ? what song off of kanye 's fifth album was a hit internationally ? what was the name of the free music promotion on kanye 's website in 2010 ? what festival did kanye headline in 2011 ? with what other hiphop artist did kanye collaborate with ? where did kanye premier a film directed by himself in 2012 ? what event did kanye headline in 2011 ? what was the name of the joint album kanye made with jay z ? what was the top single off the album `` watch the throne '' ? in what year was `` cruel summer '' released ? what film festival did kanye west premier a film called `` cruel summer '' ? where did kanye begin production on his sixth album ? what became the name of his sixth studio album ? who did kanye tour alongside of in order to promote the efforts of yeezus ? in what year did kanye west begin working on his sixth album ? what was the inspiration behind kanye west 's decision to call rick rubin ? what was the name of kanye 's sixth album ? on what date was yeezus released ? what artist did kanye go on tour with while promoting album number six ? what was the name of kanye 's first child with kim kardashian ? what brand set to collaborate on an apparel line with kanye ? what famous british artist worked with kanye on multiple singles ? where did kanye perform his single `` all day '' with a menagerie of other artists ? who is the mother of kanye 's first child ? what is kanye west 's first child 's name ? in what italian city were kim kardashian and kanye west wed ? what musician joined kanye west on the song `` only one '' ? what was the name of the adidas clothing line by kanye west that he released in 2013 ? what did kanye change the title of his next planned album from so help me god to ? from which institution did kanye receive an honorary doctorate ? how many people signed a petition to keep kanye from performing at glastonbury festival ? what was the original name of kanye 's album `` swish '' ? what school awarded kanye west an honorary doctorate ? how many people petitioned his show at the glastonbury music festival in the uk ? what was the tentative release date announced for kanye 's next studio album ? what was kanye 's next album renamed again to ? with what other rapper did kanye west have a twitter feud with in early 2016 ? what became the final title of kanye 's next album ? what platform was the life of pablo officially released on ? what song by west was debuted in december 2015 ? on january 26 , 2016 , kanye told the world he changed the name of his next album from swish to what ? what artist did kanye west have a feud with over amber rose ? what was the name of kanye 's clothing line premiered at madison square garden ? what english musician did kanye cite as one of his biggest inspirations ? kanye has stated that members from which rap group influenced his early style ? what name did kanye 's early production style coin . what artist was named by kanye west to be his `` most important inspiration '' ? who was kanye 's greatest cultural figure ? what was the name of the song that first featured kanye 's `` chipmunk soul '' style ? what composer did kanye collaborate with for his second record ? what classical elements did brion bring to the production of kanye 's album ? what sort of orchestra did kanye tour with while promoting his second album ? what composer did kanye west work with for his second album ? what english trip-hop group helped influence kanye on his second album ? what was the name of kanye 's third record ? what musical direction did kanye take with his third album ? kanye drew inspiration from the rolling stones , u2 , and led zeppelin in what ways ? what year was kanye west 's third album released ? what kind of sound did kanye abandon a rap and hiphop one for with his fourth album ? who did kanye become inspired by while creating 808s & heartbreak ? what types of instruments are present on his fourth album ? what other artist besides gary numan and tj swan helped inspire kanye 's fourth album ? what other type of 1980s group was kanye 's fourth album compared to other than new wave ? the article about kanye 's fourth album written by matthew trammell was published in what magazine ? what is kanye 's fifth album titled ? what journalist drew comparisons between my beautiful dark twisted fantasy and other kanye albums ? what musician collaborated with kanye west for his album late registration ? what artist worked with kanye on his album graduation ? kid cudi joined kanye for which album ? which album by kanye west has been talked about by writers for having maximalist aesthetic ? what did kanye state that yeezus was ? what artist did kanye draw inspiration from when crafting yeezus ? in what year was kanye west 's sixth album released ? what was the title of kanye 's sixth album ? what did kanye announce he would release after acquiring a grammy in 2005 ? what finally become of kanye 's clothing line in 2009 ? when did kanye west annouce his pastelle clothing line ? what year was kanye 's pastelle clothing line scrapped ? what company worked with kanye in 2009 to create his own shoe line ? for what brand did kanye design a shoe meant for paris fashion week ? form whom was kanye 's 2011 fashion label designed for ? what kind of reviews did kanye 's fashion line spark ? when did kanye debut his second effort in the fashion world ? on what day was kanye 's women 's clothing line debuted ? what was the name of kanye west 's women 's clothing line ? on what day was kanye 's women 's line premiered at paris fashion week ? what was the name of west 's fashion line for women ? the fashion line shown in paris received what sort of reviews ? on what day did west release his second fashion line ? what brand struck a deal with kanye and sparked a new clothing line ? how many `` seasons '' of clothing did kanye release ? what were the shoes designed by kanye and released by adidas called ? how many pairs of shoes were sold in the initial release in new york city ? what shoe was announced on twitter by kanye west ? in what year did kanye premier his season line ? what album release coincided with kanye 's yeezy season 3 clothing line ? what restaurant chain did kanye aspire to open in his native chicago ? how many restaurants did kanye open ? what happened to the fatburger chains that kanye established ? what was the name of the restaurant kanye annouced he was opening ? how many of kanye 's fatburger restaurants were actually opened ? when was kanye 's last fatburger restaurant closed ? what is the name of kanye west 's food company ? what did kanye call the label he founded in 2004 ? as of 2015 , who did kanye choose as the new president of good music ? what year did kanye west open his good music production company and record label ? what other artist besides kanye west and common was among the first to record at good music ? who did kanye name president of good music in 2015 ? what was the goal of kanye 's new creative company donda ? kanye 's creative content company donda was named after who ? on what date did kanye go public with his donda company ? what platform was kanye named a co-owner of in 2015 ? what longtime friend of kanye acquired tidal in 2015 ? what criticisms of other streaming platforms does tidal stand to challenge ? what music streaming service is kanye west a co-owner of ? what is tidal 's specialization ? which famous rapper bought aspiro ? what music service is a huge competitor for tidal ? with the help of his mom , what foundation did kanye create early in his career ? what is the goal of the kanye west foundation ? what was founded by kanye west and his mother ? in what year did the kanye west foundation partner with strong american schools ? where was the `` kanye west foundation '' founded ? what other mission besides dropout and illiteracy rates did the kanye west foundation seek to improve ? what campaign did the kanye west foundation partner with in 2007 ? in what month was the inaugural concert held for the `` ed in ' 08 '' campaign ? what was the kanye west foundation renamed to in 2008 ? what year did the foundation end its run ? in what year did kanye west 's mother pass away ? kanye 's foundation was changed to what name following his mother 's death ? what year did the foundation stop operating ? what are some charitable efforts kanye west has participated in ? during what show did kanye take an opportunity to criticize the efforts of a u.s. president ? which u.s. president did kanye criticize after the events of hurricane katrina ? which president did kanye west accuse of `` not caring for black people '' ? on what day did the kanye 's famous george w. bush criticism take place ? what happened after kanye made his controversial statement ? who did kanye west say does n't care about black people ? how did george w. bush describe kanye 's controversial statement ? to which reporter did kanye west express regret for his remark about president bush ? kanye was criticized by human rights groups for performing in what country ? how much was kanye paid to perform in kazakhstan ? how is kazakhstan 's human rights record compared to the rest of the world ? what country 's president paid kanye west to perform at his grandson 's wedding ? kanye , shakira , and rage against the machine refused to perform in what state due to a new law against illegal aliens ? for what reason did sting and other artists cancel their scheduled performances in kazakhstan ? what tv show lampooned one of kanye 's bbc radio 1 interviews ? what did kanye demand from jimmy kimmel in regards to the sketch ? what person was kanye 's rant on twitter directed at ? the skit on jimmy kimmel live !was a depiction of kanye west and what reporter ? on what radio station did kanye west deem himself `` the biggest rockstar on the planet '' ? what president did kanye comment on as having trouble pushing policies while in office ? what type of people did kanye state had more power than black people ? on what day did kanye do an interview about president obama pushing policies in washington ? on what day did kanye take back his original comment about jews ? what celebrity knee-deep in controversy did kanye endorse in a 2016 tweet ? what actor was kanye defending on twitter in february 2016 ? to who did kanye lose the best new artist award in 2004 ? the video for what song failed to win an award for again in 2006 , leading to an onstage outburst by kanye ? what artist did kanye west lose `` best new artist '' to at the 2004 amas ? which kanye west video failed to win best video at the mtv europe music awards ? on what day did kanye apologize for his ranting at the mtv europe awards ? what show did kanye perform a spoof about the incident at the mtv europe awards ? what did kanye believe was a contributing factor in him not opening for the 2007 mtv vmas ? with what song did kanye aspire to open the vmas with ? what factor did kanye west accuse of being the reason for his being excluded for the opening of the 2007 vmas ? what song was kanye 's dream to perform on the vmas ? what artist 's award reception did kanye interrupt onstage at the 2009 mtv vmas ? which u.s. president criticized kanye for his vma outburst ? which president called kanye west a jackass for his behavior at the 2009 vmas ? to which artist did kanye profusely apologize to ? what song did kanye end up writing that referenced his outburst against taylor swift ? when did kanye west post to twitter apoloizing to taylor swift ? when did kanye take back his apology to taylor swift , saying that he was being `` selfless '' ? what album by kanye was released in 2016 ? which artist 's award reception did kanye interrupt at the 57th grammy awards ? to who did kanye state that beck should hand his award over to ? what artist 's acceptance speech did kanye interrupt by walking on stage at the 57th grammys ? what day did kanye apologize to beck on twitter ? what award did kanye capture at the 2015 mtv vmas ? when does kanye intend to run for president ? what award was presented to kanye west on august 30 , 2015 ? for what event was the largest amount of signatures collected in an attempt to keep kanye from performing at it ? what was another event that garnered a large amount of protest for kanye 's removal of headliner status ? what website have music fans been using to try to block kanye west 's performance at different events ? what festival was the largest failed petition to keep kanye from performing ? how many signatures were gathered for kanye 's removal from the 2015 pan american games ? kanye 's first engagement was to which well-known designer ? what model did kanye begin to date in 2008 ? who has kanye finally settled with an married in 2014 ? how many children does kanye have with kim ? what year did kanye west begin his relationship with alexis phifer ? when did alexis phifer and kanye west get engaged ? who did kanye date from 2008 to 2010 ? when did kanye west start dating kim kardashian ? where in jerusalem did kardashian and west have their daughter north baptised ? how old was kanye 's mother when she died ? what doctor did donda west ignore the recommendation of to invest her heart condition ? at approximately what time did paramedics receive the call about kanye west 's mother , donda ? what condition along with complications for the plastic surgery caused the death of donda west ? what doctor originally turned donda west down for her plastic surgery operation ? what was the name of the doctor who performed the surgery that ended up killing donda west ? what talk show did the doctor who performed donda west 's plastic surgery appear on ? what was the final cause of donda 's death determined by the coroner ? what was the name of the west 's family 's attorney during the incident surrounding the death of donda west ? what reasons did west 's family give for filing complaints against adams and aboolian ? on what show did adams appear to `` defend himself '' ? on what day did the final coroner 's report show that donda died from heart disease and complications from surgery ? where was donda west 's funeral ? what songs did kanye dedicate to his late mother as his performance at the o2 in london ? in what city was the funeral and burial for donda west held ? on what day was the funeral of donda west ? what day was kanye 's first concert after the death of his mother ? on what tour did kanye perform `` hey mama '' and his version of journey 's `` do n't stop believing '' in memory of his mother ? where did kanye first speak on his mother 's death ? where did kanye west first speak about his mother 's death ? what famous governor signed legislation in honor of donda west 's death ? what governor passed a law in honor of donda west ? what was the name of the law passed by arnold schwarzenegger ? what famous stuntman sued kanye for purported use of his likeness in 2006 ? when was the suit settled ? which celebrity sued west in 2006 for trademark infrigement ? what was the name of the nickname kanye west took on in his video `` touch the sky '' ? when did knievel settle the argument with west ? what was kanye arrested for in 2008 ? how much was kanye 's bail bond ? what was kanye finally charged with ? on what day was kanye west arrested at the los angeles international airport ? what were the charges filed against kanye west ? what was the name of the bodyguard also accused of vandalism ? what was the dollar amount of kanye 's bond ? what was kanye second arrest for ? what was the date of kanye 's second arrest ? where was kanye arrested at for the second time ? at what location did the incident leading to west 's second arrest take place ? what paparazzi member did kanye attack at lax in 2013 ? what was kanye convicted for after his paparazzi attack ? what was the name of the man who was hassling west outside of lax that west later attacked ? how many years ' probation was kanye supposed to serve for this altercation ? he had to attend 24 sessions of what kind of therapy ? how many hours of community service did kanye receive ? what are kanye 's religious beliefs ? `` jesus walks '' was on which of kanye 's albums ? september of 2014 , kanye called himself a what during one of his concerts ? how is kanye viewed as a 21st century artist ? what famous english artist was kanye compared to by the guardian ? what reporter compared kanye west to a lightning rod ? who said kanye west was the greatest hip hop artist of all time ? what magazine compared kanye to david bowie ? what overabundance of themes did kanye criticize early in his career ? the shift away from what genre of rap is kanye credited for ? what kind of background did kanye west grow up in ? who did kanye west have a sales competition with during his album release of graduation ? who said that kanye west effectively led a new wave of artists that were n't only interested in rapping about gunplay or drug dealing ? a number of artists have cited kanye as being what to them ? who complimented west in time magazine ? how many songs has kanye had that have exceeded 3 million digital sales ? how many songs has kanye sold digitally in his career ? how many of west 's six albums have gone platinum ? what was kanye 's fifth consecutive number one album ? as of 2012 , how many downloads have there been of `` golddigger '' ? what rank is west in total sales for the last decade ? how many total digital songs has kanye west sold in the us ? how many grammies has kanye won as of 2013 ? with which artist does kanye tie with for reaching the top of the annual pazz & jop critic poll ? how many times has kanye placed in the annual time magazine people list ? in 2013 , west had won how many total grammy awards ? what rank did about.com give kanye `` top 50 hip-hop producers '' list ? on what day did mtv name kanye as the year 's number 1 `` hottest mc in the game . ''? december 17 , 2010 was the day kanye was nominated by mtv for what ? what musician did west tie with for topping the annual pazz & jop critic poll 4 times each ? how many of kanye 's albums placed on the 2012 rolling stone list ? how many of west 's albums were included on rolling stone 's 500 greatest albums of all time list ? which one of kanye 's albums won the pitchfork 's album of the decade -lrb- so far -rrb- award ? what place did yeezus secure on the list of 100 albums ? what online music publication ranked kanye 's album `` my beautiful dark twisted fantasy '' as the world 's best album so far ? what album was ranked 8 on a list of 100 albums ? what song was ranked third in a list of 200 `` best tracks '' since 2010 ? what president did kanye west insult on air in 2005 ? whose speech did kanye west ruin at the 2009 mtv awards ? what fashion items does kanye west design ? what company did kanye west begin ? what year did kanye west begin working with adidas ? what type of religion is buddhism ? what are the practices of buddhism based on ? where did the buddha live ? how do buddhists believe their suffering can be ended ? what did the buddha teach should be given up to end suffering ? what type of religion is buddhism ? who 's teaching is buddhism based upon ? when was buddha alive ? where did buddha reside when he was alive ? who 's teachings is buddhism based upon ? where was buddha thought to live ? when approximately was buddha alive ? buddhism is based on the teaching of who ? how many noble truths are there ? buddha was part of what subcontinent ? who is `` the awakened one '' what are the two major branches of buddhism ? what is sometimes viewed as the third branch of buddhism ? where does theravada have the largest following ? mahayana includes which practices of buddhism ? what is the estimated number of buddhists in the world ? which branch practices the teachings of zen ? what minor branch is sometimes attributed to mahayana ? what kind of teachings does tibetan buddhism preserve ? vajrayana is attributed to who ? theravada means what ? what is the goal of theravada buddhism ? how is nirvana achieved ? what is the bodhisattva path ? what is the goal of tibetan buddhism ? how is nirvana attained ? in what buddhism is the goal a state of nirvana ? what buddhism has a goal of buddhahood or rainbow body ? the noble eightfold path is also known as what ? mahayana aspires to buddhahood through what path ? theravada escapes what cycle ? what are the three jewels of the buddhist tradition ? what is one of the ten meritorious deeds of buddhism ? what other practices do buddhists adhere to ? what is one of the ten meritorious deeds ? buddhism denies what kind of deity ? of the ten meritorious deeds , giving charity reduces what ? invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas is in what tradition ? the nidānakathā of the jataka tales of the theravada is attributed to who ? what are some other biographies that differ from the jataka tales ? what do scholars recognize about the life of the buddha ? when was the buddhagohosa written ? what is one of the earlier biographies on buddhism ? who founded a monastic order in his life ? scholars do not make claims without evidence about who 's life ? most accept that buddha lived and taught in what type of order ? the jataka tales of the theravada happened in what century ? who said `` the outline of the life must be true : birth , maturity , renunciation , search , awakening and liberation , teaching , death . ''? what are some of the outlines of life ? who wrote a biography of buddha ? what do some say is buddha 's real name ? what are the helpers called that helped buddha ? who believes `` the outline of the life must be true '' in reference to buddha ? karen armstrong wrote a biography on who ? karen armstrong has said that we can be confident who existed ? according to early texts , when was siddhārtha gautama born ? according to early texts , where was siddhārtha gautama born ? what type of community was siddhārtha gautama raised in ? where was siddhārtha gautama born ? when did siddhārtha gautama live ? what size was siddhārtha gautama 's birthplace ? where did we find proof of his existence ? what was most likely siddhārtha gautama 's father ? who was born in a northeastern part of india / if siddhartha lived in a small republic , his father would have been a what ? what was the name of the astrologer who visited prince gautama 's father ? what was the prediction made by asita ? according to asita , how would siddhartha decide which path to take in life ? what was the occupation of the person who visited gautama ? what was the name of his father ? what was buddha predicted to become contrary with his life as we know it ? what was the name of the astrologer that visited gautama 's father ? what is gautama 's fathers name ? asita prophesied that siddhartha would be a kind or a what ? what did śuddhodana do to ensure that his son became a king instead of a holy man ? how old was gautama when he first left the palace grounds ? what happened when gautama left the palace grounds ? what are the four sights in buddhism ? what did buddha 's father want him to become ? by what age was he venturing outside ? what were his first four encounters called ? what did gautama do after learning about the outside world ? suddhodana wanted his son to become what ? at what age did gautama venture out from the palace area ? how many `` sights '' did gautama have that are well known ? gautama encountered an old man , a sick man , a holy man , and a what ? what was the first thing gautama did on his spiritual quest ? what is the path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification called ? what are some of the practices gautama underwent on his quest ? what was the first skill gautama learnt ? what almost killed gautama in his pursuit ? what did he receive from the locals that changed his approach ? what is the path of moderation called he followed ? gautama did n't like the religious teaching he initially found because of why ? what did gautama accept from a village girl ? gautama devoted himself to what type of meditation ? buddhists call anapanasati what ? how old was gautama when he sat under the bodhi tree ? what kind of tree was the bodhi tree ? what did gautama spend the rest of his life doing after reaching enlightenment ? how old was the buddha at the time of his death ? what is the south branch of the tree gautama sat under called ? what was the tree called he sat under ? what was the tree renamed that gautama achieved enlightenment under ? at what age did gautama come to pass ? when he was 35 gautama sat in meditation under what tree ? what type of tree was the bodhi tree ? what town was the bodhi tree in ? the south branch of the original fig tree is known as ? what is samsara ? what is avidya ? what is dukkha ? is liberation from samsara possible ? the cycle of birth and death is called what in buddhism ? how many realms of existence are there in buddhism ? avidya is what kind of samsara ? how can you be freed from samsara ? what is samsara defined as ? how many realms of existance are within the cycle of rebirths ? realms can be understood as physical realms of what type of states ? samsara is caused by what ? a person can get away from samsara by doing what ? what does the sanskrit term karma translate as ? what is karma according to buddhism ? what is theavoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions called ? what actions does karma refer to in buddhism ? what is the definition of karma from sanskrit ? what is the avoidance of bad acts called ? karma 's actions come from what ? what is the result of karma called ? what is karma ? avoidance of unwholesome actions and use of positive actions is called what ? what does vipaka mean ? in which branch of buddhism is it believed that there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for karma ? in mahayana buddhism , what are some mahayana sutras that are believed to remove negative karma just by the hearing of the texts ? the reciting of mantras as a means for removing past negative karma is a part of which branch of buddhism ? according to genshin , who has the power to destroy karma ? what buddhism says that salvation is unattainable ? who has the power to destroy bad karma ? what type of sutra is the lotus sutra ? some mantras are used for cutting off what type of karma ? who was the japanese pure land teacher ? according to genshin , whats has the power to destroy karma ? what is the process in which beings go through cycles of lifetimes as many forms of sentient life ? which doctrine denies the concept of a permanent self or soul ? in buddhism , rebirth into consecutive lives is determined by what ? sentient life according to buddhism runs between what two points ? the laws of cause and effect can also be called ? what is the name for the process of a succession of lifetimes ? what doctrine rejects the idea of permanent self ? `` dependent arising '' is the meaning of what word ? hinduism and christianity use what term for a permanent self ? rebirth into the śuddhāvāsa worlds or pure abodes can only be attained by who ? rebirth into the formless realms can only be attained by who ? how many planes of existence are there ? what are the higher heavens called ? what are skilled buddhists called ? what is another name for ārūpyadhātu ? what is the highest object of meditation called ? how many planes of existence ? skilled buddhist practictioners that can get to the higher heavens are known as what ? what is the highest object of meditation ? what does arupyadhatu mean ? there is a transitional state between one life and the next according to what branches of buddhism ? what branch of buddhism rejects that there is a transitional state between lives ? passages in what teaching support the idea that the buddha taught of a stage between lives ? what is the state called between lives ? which major part of buddhism rejects bardo ? what book discusses bardo ? other than tibetan buddhism , what other buddhism supports bardo ? there is an intermediate state between one life and the next according to what buddism ? what type of theravada rejects the intermediate state idea ? some passages of what canon support the idea of intermediate stages ? what is considered to be central to the teachings of buddhism ? what do the four noble truths explain ? what teachings are the most important to buddhism ? what part of dukkha deals with pain ? what is considered central to the teachings of buddhism ? the four truths explain the nature of what ? what does the first of the four noble truths explain ? what is dukkha ? what does the first truth cover ? what is another word for dukkha ? what is another nature of dukkha ? how many aspects are there to dukkha ? dukkha can be translated as what word in regards to unhappiness ? suffering , anxiety , unsatisfactoriness , and unease is the translation of what word ? how many aspects does dukkha have ? what does the second of the four noble truths explain ? what is the origin of dukkha ? what is the third of the four noble truths explain ? what is the fourth of the four noble truths explain ? what is the second truth ? how is the meaning of dukkha explained ? what is a contributing factor to dukkha ? the second truth is ? the origin of dukkha is explained as craving conditioned by what ? the root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance of what ? the third noble truth is that the complete cessation of what is possible ? what is the fourth of the buddha 's four noble truths ? what is the purpose of the noble eightfold path ? what are the eight factors of the noble eightfold path ? the noble eightfold path is which of buddha 's truths ? the fourth truth consists of how many factors ? what is the end goal of the fourth truth ? what is one of the eight factors ? the noble eightfold path is which noble truth ? the noble eightfold path is a set of how many inerconnected factors ? when the eight factors are developed together , is leads to the cessation of what ? who describes the noble eightfold path as `` a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other . ''? how are the eight factors of the noble eightfold path to be understood ? what can one 's behaviour be divided into ? who describes the path as `` a mandala of interconnected factor that support and moderate each other '' ? during his search for enlightenment , gautama combined what teachings ? what was the new kind of human invented by gautama ? what are the four immeasurable minds also known as ? what is the best known of the four immeasurables ? the four immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates what ? gautama combined the yoga practice of what teacher ? gautama invented a new kind of human without what ? what are the `` four immeasurable minds '' ? who calls the four immeasurable minds `` four limitless ones '' ? the four immeasurables are taught as a form of what ? when did gautama buddha discover the middle way ? an important guiding priciple of buddhist practice is what ? guatama discovered the middle path before his what ? what are some of the theories and philosophies produced by buddhist scholars ? does buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies ? who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as abhidharma and reality in buddhism ? some schools within buddhism discourage what type of study ? what is the goal of the buddhist path ? upon awakening to the true nature of the self , what is one is liberated from ? liberation is know as what ? what is the goal of the buddhist path ? in awakening to the true nature of the self , one no longer care about what ? buddha recommended viewing thing by how many marks of existence ? what is the meaning of impermanence in buddhism ? according to the buddhist doctrine of impermanence , how does life express impermanence ? why is attachment to things futile ? what is in a constant flux ? everything is continuously coming into being and what ? the cycle of rebirth is also called what ? according to doctrine , because all thing do n't last , attachment can lead to what ? the term dukkha corresponds to what english terms ? dukkha is often translated as suffering , but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term ? buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic or optimistic , but what ? suffering is a central concept in what ? the philosophical meaning of suffering is close what term ? the condition of being disturbed is what ? in translation what term is often left untranslated to keep of fuller definition ? what is the third mark of existence in buddhism ? the buddha rejected the metaphysical assertions `` i have a self '' and `` i have no self '' as views that bind one to what ? what was the answer given when the buddha was asked if the body is the same as the self ? what is the conclusion that one comes to when analyzing the changing physical and mental components or person or thing ? what is the 3rd mark of existence ? in what form is anatta not meant as a metaphysical assertion ? buddha rejected the assertion `` i have a self '' and what other related assertion ? what is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts ? what is the name of the buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect ? translated into english , what does pratītyasamutpāda mean ? the doctrine of pratityasumatupada is a important part of what type of metaphysics ? what is the most common application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda ? what does the scheme of twelve nidānas explain ? an application of the idea of pratityasamutpada is the scheme of what ? what doe nidana mean ? what describes the connection between the conditions of cyclic existence ? what describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance ? how are sentient beings freed from suffering ? what is the first nidāna ? the absence of ignorance leads to what ? who always suffers throughout samsara ? what is suffering also called ? how do you free yourself of dukkha ? what is the first nidana ? nagarjuna 's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what ? what does sunyata mean ? nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what ? what does dharmas mean ? what teaching were criticized by nagarjuna ? what scholars reformed sarvastivada teachings ? what is the doctrine that says that the mind and only the mind are real ? what yogacarins asserted that the mind was not truly existent ? what does tathagatagarbha mean ? what does prajnaparamita mean ? according to what school is tathgatagarbha the inseparability of clairty and emptiness of one 's mind ? according to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience ? what type of sutras were generally ignored in india ? what term means cessation ? what term means awakening ? what is the term for someone who has achieved nirvana ? what is the term applied to the experience of the awakening of arahants ? in early buddhism bodhi used a meaning synonymous to what word ? what is the term for greed or craving ? what is the word for hate or aversion ? what does moha mean ? what has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion ? if bodhi is attained what do you become ? in theravada buddhism , bodhi and what term have the same meaning ? what term is used for the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at death ? who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire , aversion , and ignorance ? a buddha is no longer bound by what ? what do unawakend people experience ? how many buddhas are considered to have existed in the pali canon ? a theravada and mahayana belief is that the next buddha will be one named what ? mahayana has many buddhas of what origin ? a person can awaken from the `` sleep of ignorance '' by acknowledging the true nature of what ? at the end of the cycle of rebirth a person is called what ? nirvana and what term carry the same meaning ? what is the term for extinction of only hatred and greed , with residue of delusion ? in the mahayana , who is thought to be an omnipresent being ? who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought ? in what sutras are the buddha , dharma , and sangha viewed as one ? buddha 's death is seen as an illusion , as he is living in other planes of what ? who is permitted to offer `` new truths '' based on buddhas input ? what is the term for the idea of ultimately nothing has existance ? who are enlightened people who vow to continue being reborn ? what is characterized by the deep truts in the `` other-power '' of amitabha buddha what is perhaps the most faith-oriented for of buddhism ? what buddha vowed to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering ? who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first ? what is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha ? who is the buddha of this buddha era ? who taught directly or indirectly to all other buddhas ? who believes there are innumerable other buddhas in other universes ? what buddhist belief says that buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras ? what form of buddhism has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path ? what does bodhisattva mean ? what is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain buddhahood for the benefit of all beings ? what term means `` great vehicle '' ? what is an honorary synonym for bodhisattvayana ? the astasahasrika prajnaparamita sutra is an important text of what type ? what buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas ? what is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas ? what are the six perfections under mahayana teachings ? which dalai lama cites shantideva 's famous saying ? devotion is an important part of the practice of most what ? what are the devotional practices ? buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption ? the most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who ? the difference between the buddha 's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant ? according to the buddha event he highest meditative state is not what ? meditation was an aspect of the practice of who ? in buddhism , what must be developed at all times ? religious knowledge is also known as what ? what type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day ? there is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what ? what are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques ? what describes meditative states exising before the buddha ? what two items were written after the rise of buddhism ? in pre-buddhist early brahminic texts there is no evidence for what ? the upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition ? what contains evidence for a contemplative tradition ? what is the first step in a school of buddhism ? what mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children ? what type of buddhism adds a fourth refuge ? the three jewels are preceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging what ? what has an irreversable effect ? who presented himself as a model ? what offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering ? what provides refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the buddha ? what is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort ? sila is the second what ? what keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance ? what is the foundation of samadhi/bhavana ? what promotes not only the peace of mind but also peace in the community ? what does sila refer to ? lay people tend to live by the five what ? schools can undertake eight precepts , which add basic what ? precepts are not created as imperatives , but as what ? the cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness ? even if there is no further buddhist practice , what heavens is still likely ? of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct ? what is the third strict precept on sexual misconduct ? how many precepts are on the list ? in the complete list of precepts , which one is partitioned into two ? how many basic precepts are there for monastics ? what is the specific moral code for monks and nuns ? how many rules dows the patimokkha have ? what are the scriptures on vinaya called ? regarding the monastic rules , the buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what ? the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what ? the rules are a perfect springboard for what ? monastics are instructed by the buddha to live as what ? distinctive vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra ? bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what ? where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry ? in chinese buddhism what meditation is more popular ? evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what ? what does the word samyaksamadhi mean ? meditation is the primary means of cultivating what ? upon development of samadhi , a person gets rid of what ? what is powerful concentration called ? what is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight ? mindfulness is essential to concentration , which is neede to achieve what ? samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what ? what is the term for tranquility ? in buddhism , samatha meditation can calm the what ? vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what ? what is the term for insight knowledge ? what is the term for understanding ? what eradicates the defilements completely ? in theravada buddhism , what is the cause of human existence and suffering ? what does craving carry with it ? deeply rooted afflictions of the mind create what ? what is the ultimate goal for theravadins ? how many noble truths are there ? prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what ? what is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana ? initially prajna is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to what ? in theory when can one attain nirvana during practice ? what can be applied to daily life once it is attained ? zen buddhism is known as what in korea ? what form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation ? what form of buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures ? zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs ? zen buddhism is divided into how many main schools ? which schools of zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs ? what buddhist teachings are often full of paradox ? what type of self is equated with the buddha ? what is not allowed to confine and bind oneself ? what type of buddhism is tibeto-mongolian based on ? what is the english term for vajrayana ? what type of buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices ? psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what ? what time period was the beginning of buddhism ? scholars believe that karma originated in what ? what groups broke with brahmanic tradition ? shramanas were a continuation of what type of trand of indian thought ? buddhism arose in what area ? greater magadha stretched from sravasti in the north-west to what area in the south-east ? what time period did the eastward spread of brahmanism start ? movements were influenced by philosophical thought within the vedic tradition such as what ? the movement included atomists such as what ? what is the term for agnostics ? what movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter ? a criticism the buddha gave dealing with animals was ? the buddha mocked what hymn of the vedic ? the original veda of the rishis was altered by a few brahmins who introduced what ? the buddha refused to pay respect to who , during their time of animal sacrifice ? what is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings ? a large problem in the study of early buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else ? liberating insight is attained after mastering what ? later edition of texts such as what has the rupa jhanas ? according the bronkhorst , intentions and desire are responsible for what ? bronkhurst says that buddha had a view of ` what ' much different then current day ? what was the earliest buddhism type ? buddha 's way to release was by means of what type of practices ? from which jhana did buddha gain bodhi ? a logic problem arises when noting that the four truths constitute what ? the four truths depict what type of path of practice ? what is the sanskrit form of nibbana ? many terms for nibbana can be found throughout the what ? the desired goal for buddhism is what ? a description of the buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term ? the description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path ? authors bronkhorst and anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what ? what is prajna called in english ? gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what ? how many marks of existence reflect upanishadic influences ? the periods of buddhisma in india is divided into how many periods ? what is the first period of buddhism called ? what is another name for nikaya buddhism ? what is the last period of buddhism ? what is esoteric buddhism also called ? was is the earliest phase of buddhism ? gautama buddha most likely taught the idea of karma and what ? gautama buddha taught what path concept ? soon after the parinirvana of gautama buddha , what type of council was held ? who was cousin of the buddha ? what are the discourses of the buddha called ? some sources say that discourse of who else were recited along with buddha 's ? the sangha began to break into separte factions after what council ? according to the dipavamsa they started immediately after what council ? the mahasanghika places the breakup at what time ? the major schism was between the sthaviras and what other group ? the dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what ? the mahasanghikas argued that the sthaviras were trying to expand what ? who gave rise to the theravada school ? monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what ? by the latest at around 100 ce , schisms were being caused by what type of desagreements ? what is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called ? the abhidharma texts do not contain treatises , but what ? the abhidharma texts are from what time ? there is a disagreement on whether a school had an abhidhamma or not , which school is it ? which sutras are among the earliest mahayana sutras ? the prajnaparamita sutras were developed along the krsna river in what region of south india ? the earliest mahayana sutra include the very first version of what genre ? texts concerning aksobhya buddha were written down in what century ? author warder believes that the mahayana originated in the south of india in what area ? the ancient buddhist site in the lower krsna valley can be traced to at least what century bce ? evidence suggests that many early mahayana scriptures originated in what part of india ? there is no evidence that mahayana ever referred to a separate school of what ? the mahayana never tried to have separte what ? we know that both mahayana and non mahayana monks live in the same what ? most of the early extant evidence for the origins of mhayana comes from what type of translations ? the mahayana teachings were first propagated into china by who ? the earliest mahayana sutras included the very first versions of what series ? texts concerning aksobhya buddha were probably composed in what century bce ? what four types of thought developed during the period of late mahayna buddhism ? what was the latest thought type ? in india the two main philosophical schools of the mahayana were madhyamaka and what else ? buddhism may have spread quickly because of what mauryan emperor ? the support of asoka and his descendants led to what being built more ? what does stupas mean in english ? emissaries were sent to various countries to what direct from india ? scholars disagree on whether emissaries were accompanied by buddhist what ? what were the emissaries used for ? the gradual spread of buddhism exposed it to a variety of influences including what civilization ? who was the greek king immortalized in buddhist canon ? the theravada school spread south from india in what century bce ? the dharmagupta schol spread in what century to kashmir ? when was the first documented translation efforts by foreign buddhist monks in china ? mahayana sutras spread to china during what century ? what two countries after china was the mahayana sutras spread ? when did buddhism apread from india to tibet ? china and india are now starting to fund what type of shrines in various asian countries ? what is the dharma ? what is the sangha ? west buddhism is often seen as exotic and what ? new forms of buddhism are created because of what reason ? when did a number of modern movement in buddhism emerge ? what is the dalit buddhist movement sometimes called ? what buddhism emerged in the second half of the 20th century in japan ? what does soka gakkai mean in english ? what buddhist movement has linked more than 12 million people ? what is the largest buddhist movement in the world ? what religion is practiced by an estimated 488 to 535 million people ? what country has the largest population of buddhists ? how many buddhists are in china ? how may adherents does mahayana have ? how many adherents does thervada have ? how many buddists are outside of asia ? how many buddhists were there in 1910 ? how many buddhists are there in 2010 ? how many buddhists are in asia ? what does hinayana mean in english ? what is used by mahayana followers to name the early schools ? each tradition has its own core what ? there are common concepts to both major buddhist branches according to what organization ? what is the oldest surviving buddhist school ? where does the name theravada come from ? sinhalese buddhist reformer portrayed what canon as the original version of scripture ? where is there a growing presence of theravada ? what type of buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth ? laypersons can perform good actions , producing what ? what was the most important mahayana centre of learning ? mahayana schools recognize all or part of what ? a few of the sutras for mahayanists became a manifestation of who ? faith in and veneration of mahayana are stated in what sutras ? native mahayana buddhism is also called what ? the buddhism practiced in tibet , the himalayan regions and mongolia are often referred to as ? what is the most widely practised eastern buddhism ? the royal courts sponsored both buddhism and what ? mantras taught in the saiva , garuda , and vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who ? what work is associated with guhyasamaja tradition ? there is a great variety of what type of scripture ? some schools venerate certain texts as religious what ? unlike most religions , buddhism has no single central what ? tibetan buddhists have not even translated most of the what ? some scholars say there is no universally accepted common what ? what has been seen by some as a hinderance to understanding buddhist philosophy ? in sri lanka , what was determined to be the best unifying scripture ? there have been attempts to create a single text with all the main ideas of what religion ? condensed study texts where created in what tradition ? goddard collected mainly what type of buddhist scripture ? dr. babasaheb ambedkar attempted to create a single combined document with all buddhist principles and called it ? what means `` three baskets '' ? what does the `` three baskets '' refer to ? what contains disciplinary rules for buddhist monks and nuns ? what contains discourses ascribed to gautama buddha ? what contains material ofen described as systematic expositions of the gautama buddha teachings ? what is the only tipitaka to survive intact in its original language ? is is said that some early schools of buddhism had how many pitakas ? which monk presided after the death of the buddha ? what was the goal of the council ? the vinaya was recited by ? who was the buddha 's personal attendant ? ananda was called upon to recite what ? much of the material in the canon is not specifically what ? who may have added texts to the canon for some time ? what are considered the original teachings of the buddha ? what is a very broad genre of buddhist scripture ? what teaching was criticized by nagarjuna ? what sutras are reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path ? what does mahayana mean ? what path is described as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings ? what sutras were transmitted in secret ? what sutras could have been preserved in non-human worlds ? what tradition says that sutras might have come from other buddhas or bodhisattvas ? how many mahayana sutras have survivied in sanskrit or in chinese or tibetan translations ? what buddhism recognizes sutras of chinese origin ? when did mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream buddhists in india ? what was the pejorative label for those that rejected mahayana sutras ? what school does not include the mahayava scriptures in its canon ? the modern theravada school stablished itself in what country ? what mahayana related label is considered derogatory ? the mahayana occasionally referred to early buddhism as what ? what term was more politically correct term for the word hinayana ? what provides chances for comparative study with a large range of subjects ? buddhism 's emphasis on the middle way provides a guideline for what ? buddism has what kind of parallels withother systems of thought ? buddhism had similiar tenets to what other common religion ? buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought ? what school of thought is questioned on whether or not it is a religion ? what is often referred to as a religion by many sources ? who is the creator of american idol ? what company produces american idol ? what year did american idol begin airing ? what british show is american idols format based on ? what television network does american idol air on ? what company produces american idol ? what british series is american idols format based on ? who created american idol ? who produced american idol ? when did american idol first air on tv ? what british show was american idol based on ? what record producer was an original judge on american idol ? what comedian was an original host on american idol ? what actress is a judge on the most current season of american idol ? who was a host on all seasons of american idol ? what comedian was an original host on american idol ? 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who was added as a fourth judge for the eighth season ? when did paula abdul quit as a judge ? when did simon cowell announce he was no longer going to be a judge ? which talk show host replaced paula abdul ? when did steven tyler become a judge ? in what season was lionel richie a guest judge on american idol ? which season eight contestant was a guest judge in season fourteen ? in what season was donna summer a guest judge on american idol ? in which season was shania twain a guest judge on american idol ? which season of american idol featured katy perry as a guest judge ? who were the guest judges in season two ? when was shania twain a guest judge for auditions ? when did donna summer help the contestants during the final rounds ? who was the only host of american idol after season one ? which host quit after the first season ? who was a mentor to the contestants on american idol in its thirteenth season ? who mentored contestants in the fourteenth and fifteenth seasons of american idol ? what two things did the mentors help the contestants with ? who was the mentor for seasons 10 - 12 ? who was the mentor for season 13 ? who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15 ? what is the upper age limit for contestants on american idol ? when was the age limit increased to 28 ? currently , contestants can not have a recording track by what stage of the competition ? how many auditions are there before contestants audition for the judges ? which audition stage is televised ? how many contestants make it through the initial auditions in each city ? what is the only televised portion of the preliminary audition rounds ? how many rounds can a contestant make it through before hollywood ? who do contestants sing for in the second round of cuts during auditions ? if contestants get approval from the judges , where do they go next ? which season did not have a group round in hollywood ? in which seasons were contestants required to write original lyrics ? how many hollywood rounds were there in the first nine seasons ? 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who said it archuletta 's rendition is one that she will never forget ? which finalist sang `` hallelujah '' during the semi-finals ? castro 's performance sent which singer 's version to the top of a billboard chart ? for the first time , recordings of the contestant 's songs could be purchased where ? who won season seven of american idol ? who was the first rock and roll artist to win american idol ? when was the winner announced ? who was the winner ? what was the name of the first song released by david cook after winning american idol ? how was the winning single chose on season seven of american idol ? what year did david cook release the single , `` the time of my life '' ? what was the coronation song ? when did cook release his version of the time of my life ? what year did the eighth season of american idol first air ? which contestant from season eight suffered the loss of a spouse ? what was mike darnells position at fox in 2009 ? what month did american idol begin airing its eighth season ? when did season eight premiere ? who was the president of alternative programming at fox ? which contestant received a lot of attention because of his widowhood ? who was brought in as a new judge during american idols eighth season ? how long did the hollywood round air for in season eight of american idol ? what show did nigel lythgoe leave american idol to produce ? what venue hosted the hollywood round on american idol for the first time in 2009 ? why did american idol choose not to have its idol gives back special in 2009 ? how many judges were on the panel for this season ? which judge joined the panel ? nigel lythgoe quit the show to focus on what other show ? where was the hollywood round moved to ? what was canceled for this year of idol ? how many finalists were there on season eight of american idol ? who was the first contestant to benefit from the judges save ? how many contestants were eliminated during the first week after the judges save ? how many contestants were sent home during the first week of finals ? who was sent home the week after the judges saved matt giraud ? how many finalists were on this season ? how many finalists were eliminated during the first results show ? which contestant was saved with the first judges ' save ? who were the final two contestants on season eight of american idol ? who won season eight of american idol ? what state is american idol winner kris allen from ? how many votes were cast in the american idol finale in season eight ? who won the season ? the only prior season to have matching controversy over the winner was ? how many votes were cast for the final two ? who was accused of teaching the public how to power text for the winner ? what was the name of the song that kris allen and adam lamber released after american idol ? who helped write the song `` no boundaries '' ? what was the coronation song for this season ? who co-wrote the coronation song ? unlike every previous winner , the winner of this season failed to achieve what status ? how many contestants from this season reached platinum album status ? what year did season nine of american idol first air ? who filled the judges spot vacated by paula abdul on season nine of american idol ? at what point during season 9 of american idol did ellen degeneres become a judge ? when did season nine premiere ? which original judge left prior to the start of the season ? who replaced abdul ? when did ellen join the judges ' panel ? which contestant had to go to the hospital during the week of the top 20 ? what producer wanted to remove crystal bowersox from the competition ? why was crystal bowersox in the hospital during the week of the top 20 on american idol ? which contestant had type-i diabetes ? when was crystal hospitalized ? what was changed so she could still qualify ? who did bowersox later reveal wanted her to be disqualified ? what role does warwick have on the show ? which contestant was saved by the judges in season nine of american idol ? at what point did the judges use their save on american idols ninth season ? who was the first american idol contestant to return to the show as a mentor ? how much money was brought in by the idol gives back special on season nine of american idol ? who was saved with the judges ' save ? which former contestant was a mentor this season ? who had their final season in the show in season nine ? why did paula abdul appear on the season nine finale of american idol ? who had a special tribute at the finale ? which former idol star made an appearance for cowell 's tribute ? who was the winner of american idols ninth season ? what u2 song was released by lee dewyze after winning american idol ? when was the finale held ? who won this season of idol ? what song did dewyze cover for his first release ? which song did bowersox cover for her first release ? what year did season ten of american idol first air ? in which season of american idol did steven tyler and jennifer lopez become judges ? who replace weekly mentors as a more permanent mentor on american idols tenth season ? what show did simon cowell join after leaving american idol ? who was the executive producer of american idols tenth season ? when did season ten premiere ? who returned as executive producer this season ? which two new judges joined randy jackson on the judges ' panel ? who was the in-house mentor this season ? what was the first season of american idol to feature online auditions ? what website hosted auditions for american idols tenth season ? how did karen rodriguez audition for american idol season ten ? this is the first season to have what kind of auditions ? where could contestants submit a video audition ? which contestant had a fiancé that had suffered brain damage ? in which round was chris medina eliminated n season ten of american idol ? which season ten contestant was in the hospital instead of at the top 13 results show ? which contestants did the judges save on season ten of american idol ? which contestant cared for his brain-damaged fiancee ? when was medina eliminated from the competition ? which contestant suffered from ulcerative colitis ? which show did abrams miss because he was in the hospital ? who received the judges ' save this season ? what contestant came in ninth on season ten of american idol ? what actor was upset when pia toscano was eliminated on american idol ? which fan favorite was unexpectedly eliminated earlier than expected ? which actor criticized toscano 's elimination ? what genre of music did season ten american idol contestant lauren alaina sing ? who was the winner of american idols tenth season ? what song did scotty mccreery first release after winning american idol ? what song did lauren alaina release after coming in second on american idol ? what is the name of the successful album that ruben studdard released in 2003 ? when was the season finale of idol ? who won this season of idol ? scotty 's first album reached the top billboard spot , the first time for an idol winner since when ? in what year did american idol first air its eleventh season ? how many contestants made it to the finals on season 11 of american idol ? what contestant was removed from the competition for concealing legal troubles ? when did season 11 premiere ? who joined the finalists , making it a top 25 ? when was jones removed from the show ? why was jones disqualified ? which season 11 contestant had to go to the hospital before the top 13 results ? why was phillip phillips hospitalized during his time on american idol ? how many times did phillip phillips have surgery when he was on american idol ? which contestant thought about leaving the contest because of pain in his kidney ? which contestant had eight surgeries during his idol run ? what kind of pain did phillips endure ? which contestant was saved by the judges on season 11 of american idol ? who was the first female to be saved by the judges on american idol ? who was eliminated the week after judges saved jessica sanchez on american idol ? how far did jessica sanchez make it on american idol ? when did the judges use their save this season ? who was the recipient of the judges ' save ? which contestant was sent home the following week ? what former contestant did ace young ask to marry him ? in what season was ace young a finalist on american idol ? in what season did diana degarmo come in second on american idol ? who won this season of idol ? which season was ace young on ? which season was diana degarmo on ? what is the first song that phillip phliips released after winning american idol ? what is the name of the song that jessica sanchez released first after american idol ? what was phillip 's coronation song ? what song did sanchez release ? which song is the best selling coronation song of all idol seasons ? what year did season 12 of american idol first air ? what was mariah careys position on season 12 of american idol ? what website showed video of an altercation between mariah carey and nicki minaj ? when did season 12 premiere ? how many judges did this season have ? how many girls were in the top 10 on season 12 of american idol ? who was the last guy to be sent home on season 12 of american idol ? how many contestants did this season have ? how many weeks in a row were male contestants eliminated ? who as the last man to be eliminated ? how many contestants were able to perform for two weeks without any eliminations ? who was the winner of american idols twelfth season ? which contestant came in second on season 12 of american idol ? what was the first song released by candice glover after winning american idol ? what song did kree harrison first release after being on american idol ? who won this season of idol ? who was the runner up ? what was glover 's first single ? what was harrison 's first single ? this is the first season when what did not happen to the first runner up ? which long time judge decided to leave his position at the end of the season ? how many seasons was mariah carey a judge on american idol ? who announced this would be his final year as a judge ? who were the other judges to leave after this season ? what year did season 13 of american idol first air ? who was the host of american idol in its thirteenth season ? what new role did randy jackson assume during american idols thirteenth season ? who directed the thirteenth season of american idol ? when did season 13 premiere ? who was the mentor this season ? which former judge came back to the judges ' panel this season ? which former mentor joined the judges ' panel this season ? per blankens , jesse ignjatovic , and evan pragger replaced which two executives ? which contestant was saved by the judges after getting the least votes on season 13 of american idol ? at what point in season 13 did american idol air its 500th show ? contestants could perform what in the final rounds for the first time ever ? who received the judges ' save this season ? when did the judges use their save on woolf ? what episode was the 500th of the entire series ? who won season 13 of american idol ? who came in second on season 13 of american idol ? what song did caleb johnson first release after winning american idol ? what song did jena irene release after coming in second on american idol ? who won this season of idol ? who was the runner up this season ? what was johnson 's coronation song ? what was irene 's coronation song ? what year did american idol first air its fourteenth season ? who was the host of american idol in its fourteenth season ? which former contestant replaced keith urban for auditions in new york city ? what was keith urbans position on american idol in its fourteenth season ? who did not come back as a mentor in season 14 ? when did season 14 premiere ? who took urban 's spot at the new york auditions ? how many episodes did american idol have each week of the top ten ? what drink company ended their relationship with american idol in season 14 ? what car company had a relationship with american idol in season 14 ? what record label had a contract with the winner of american idols fourteenth season ? starting this season , how many episodes of idol aired every week ? who ended their sponsorship this season ? what other company reduced their sponsorship this season ? this season , the winner won a recording contract with what company ? who won american idols fourteenth season ? who came in second on american idol in season 14 ? who came in third on american idol in season 14 ? what was the name of nick fradianis victory song ? what song did jax release after coming in third on american idol ? who won this season of idol ? who was the runner up of idol ? what was nick 's coronation song ? what was beckham 's first release ? which contestant came in third place ? what year did fox announce the cancellation of american idol ? how many seasons of american idol have there been ? how many seasons was jennifer lopez a judge on american idol ? what was keith urbans role on american idols fifteenth season ? who hosted american idol in its last season ? when did fox announce that season 15 would be the final season ? who is returning as host ? as of 2012 , how many finalists did american idol have ? when did american idol begin ? what region of the united states were american idols first five winners from ? what state is american idol contestant clay aiken from ? what state is american idol contestant chris daughtry from ? how many idol winners have come from the southern part of america ? in addition to clay aiken and kellie pickler , which other idol is from north carolina ? how many cds from american idol contestants had been sold at the beginning of 2010 ? in the same study , how much more likely was someone from kentucky to tune into the show ? how many cds were sold by idol contestants up to 2010 ? of the cds sold , how many were by the contestants with southern ties ? who won season five of american idol ? what state is taylor hicks from ? where do people in the southern united states often begin singing ? where do a lot of people get their start in singing in the south ? where is taylor hicks from ? what does the acronym wgwg stand for ? who won season eleven of american idol ? what is the name of the book written by richard rushfield about american idol ? how many seasons in a row were won by caucasian guitar playing males ? what instrument did the winners for five seasons in a row play ? what is the wgwg factor ? who wrote american idol : the untold story ? who was named the winner of season 11 ? what company are contestants required to sign a contract with on american idol ? who won season two of american idol ? who came in second on season two of american idol ? what year did vote for the worst cease operations ? how many more text votes were there in season eight of american idol over season seven ? which season had the biggest voting controversy ? which season had a voting controversy because of a huge increase in text votes ? which voting concern has been present since the first season ? when did vote for the girls start ? when did vote for the worst close ? what is the name of the special that raises money for charities on american idol ? how much money has american idol raised for charity with its idol gives back specials ? what is the name of the charity that idol has ? when was the first idol gives back ? what year did american idol being to air on television ? how many people watched the first episode of american idol ? how many people on average watched the american idol finale in its first season ? what season of the year did american idol first air on television ? when did american idol premiere ? how many people watched the first episode of american idol ? what was the average for viewership by finale night ? how many people watched the first episode of american idols second season ? how many people on average tuned in to watch american idol in its second season ? what contestant won the second season of american idol ? during what season did american idol become the highest rated show across all demographics ? which season of american idol was watched by the most people ? how many people watched the second season premiere of american idol ? how many people watched on average for season two ? by what season was american idol the most watched show on tv ? which season premier of american idol was the most watched ? during which season to american idols rating begin to fall ? what did other television networks refer to american idol as because of its ratings ? which television network originally aired the cosby show ? which season premiere was the most watched of all seasons ? what was the show called by other networks ? season six saw what for the first time in viewership ? season six was the first season where what had more viewers ? during which season of american idol did fox beat the other networks in ratings for the first time ? why were television ratings down across the board during american idols seventh season ? on what season was kristy lee cook a contestant on american idol ? who was eliminated during the lowest rated show since season one ? what was the series ' third most watched finale ? because of the rebound in viewers , fox became what for the first time ? what happened in 2007-2008 that had a drop in viewers for all networks ? which television network aired the winter olympics in 2010 ? which television network originally aired all in the family ? in what year did nbc beat american idol in the ratings for the first time ? what finally beat idol in the ratings during season nine ? how many people watched the 2010 winter olympics on february 17 as compared to the 18.4 million who tuned into idol ? at the end of season nine , american idol remained on top as the most watched show for how many years in a row ? what was the average age of american idols viewers in its first season ? what was the average age of american idols viewers in its tenth season ? what is the median age of viewers this season ? what was the median age for viewers for season one ? for how many years was american idol the top rated show on television ? what program saw more viewers than american idol this season ? how long did fox reign in the 18-49 demographics in the nielsen ratings ? how many people on average watched season 12 of american idol ? during which season did american idol fall out of the top ten shows in ratings ? when did american idol first air on television ? the season finale for season 12 had how many fewer viewers than season 11 ? how many viewers watched on average this season ? what drink company ended its relationship with american idol during season 14 ? how many people watched american idols finale in season 14 ? after what season will american idol be cancelled ? when did fox announce the following season would be idol 's last ? how many people watched the season 14 finale ? for how many years was american idol the highest rated reality show on television ? for how many years was fox the highest rated network with young adults because of american idol ? what television network originally aired the show glee ? what television network originally aired the show house ? who created american idol ? what dancing show featuring celebrities has been helped by american idol ? what is another singing show similar to american idol ? what show helped launched the career of kelly clarkson ? what show helped launched the career of carrie underwood ? what show helped launched the career of daughtry ? how many number one billboard singles were released by american idol contestants in the shows first decade ? who is the president of mediabase ? who was the most successful american idol winner on radio as of 2010 ? how many number ones have idol singers achieved on billboard charts in just the first ten years ? who authored books on billboard charts ? how many contestants had at least one million radio spins by 2010 ? how many radio spins did kelly clarkson have by 2010 ? how many albums have been sold by american idol contestants up until 2013 ? how many single have been sold by american idol contestants up until 2013 ? how many albums have idol contestants created as of 2013 ? how many singles and digital downloads have idol contestants created as of 2013 ? which american idol contestant won an oscar for dreamgirls ? what job does debra byrd do on american idol ? in what area of the entertainment industry have some idol contestants found success ? which idol won an academy award ? what film did jennifer hudson win an academy award for ? who recommended the role for hudon ? what publication does ken tucker work for ? what did american idols first winner sing at the lincoln memorial in 2002 ? which journalist felt idol produced entertaining tv more than entertaining music ? which publication did tucker work for ? who called american idol a conniving multimedia monster ? where did the season one winner sing the national anthem that received huge criticism ? what publication does michael slezak write for ? who was accused of being mean and cruel on american idol ? what singer had bad things to say about contestants on american idol ? what magazine does ramin wetoodeh write for ? sheryl crow felt the show undermined art and promoted what ? who said that american idol has reshaped the american songbook ? who was accused of helping meanness thrive ? which singer said the contestants are not real artists with self respect ? what famous singer declined an offer to be a judge on american idol after having been a mentor ? what year did carrie underwood win a country music award for best female artist ? what singer criticized carrie underwood for winning a country music award ? who felt that american idol helped the true art form of music get lost ? who won the best female artist in country music awards in 2006 ? who did carrie beat out for the award ? who said that carrie had not paid her dues to win that award ? who was a mentor but later turned down the opportunity to judge idol ? which music genre has had the most success from american idol ? which genre has felt the impact of idol the most ? how many nominations has american idol received for outstanding reality competition program ? what director win an emmy award for his work on american idol ? how many total emmy awards has american idol won ? what american idol special received a governors award in 2007 ? how many times was american idol nominated for an emmy ? what award did american idol win for its idol gives back charity work ? how much money did american idol make in 2004 ? how much money did american idol generate from its first eight seasons ? what is the name of the american idol theme attraction with disney ? how much money did american idol generate from ads in its seventh season ? who did idol partner with to create the american idol experience ? in which season did american idol become the costliest show for advertising on television ? how much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot on the american idol season four finale ? how much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during american idol in 2014 ? how much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during american idol in its seventh season ? by what season was idol the highest advertising cost of all shows ? how much did idol earn in ad revenue alone for season 8 ? in which season did coca-cola become a sponsor of american idol ? in which season did ford motor company become a sponsor of american idol ? which mobile carrier became a sponsor of american idol in its second season ? when did coca-cola stop being a sponsor of american idol ? in which season did itunes begin a partnership with american idol ? how much did it cost each company for the first season ? how much did it cost each company in season 7 ? who was the third largest sponsor ? what service did at&t promote on american idol as a way of voting ? how many product placements had idol shown by season six ? which major drink manufacturer decided at the beginning of american idol not to be a sponsor ? what show did pepsico begin sponsoring in hopes of not missing another opportunity like american idol ? which soda company did not want to sponsor american idol ? in hopes of not repeating another mistake , which show did pepsico sponsor ? pepsico fell to what place by 2010 , which is in part credited with refusing to sponsor american idol ? which season of american idol had the highest profit on its tour ? what company was a sponsor of the american idol tour in its ninth season ? who was added to the tour in season 12 ? who sponsored the first seven tours ? who sponsored the ninth tour ? which was the most successful tour ? when did itunes become a sponsor on american idol ? for how many seasons did american idol put out a compilation of hits at seasons end ? what company has released studio recordings from american idol since season seven ? idol releases both the performances as well as what for sale ? how were the recordings released for the initial five seasons ? because all five were in the top ten of billboard 's charts , this made idol what ? who joined idol as a sponsor in season seven ? what company has the right to all recordings from contestants on american idol ? what company took over as american idols music label in 2010 ? what company had released music from american idol in addition to sony music entertainment ? who owns 19 recordings ? who owns the rights to all phonographic material done by the contestants ? who did 19 initially partner with to distribute the recordings ? who did bmg partner with in 2005-2007 ? who replaced sony in 2010 as idol 's music label ? what company has a them park attraction known as the american idol experience ? in what year did the walt disney company open the american idol experience ? in what year did the walt disney company close the american idol experience ? what company had a partnership with the walt disney company for the american idol experience ? when did the american idol experience open ? where did it open ? what did the winner win ? when did the experience close ? how many different countries air american idol on television ? what network broadcasted american idol live in canada for thirteen seasons ? in what year did ctv stop showing live broadcasts of american idol ? what canadian network began airing american idol in 2015 ? how many nations receive the idol broadcast ? who aired the first thirteen seasons in canada ? who stated in august 2014 that they picked up the rights beginning in its 2015 season ? what network in italy aired american idol in season twelve ? how many days does someone in the united kingdom have to wait to watch american idol after its original broadcast ? what television network in asia shows american idol ? on what days of the week does american idol air in the philippines ? who broadcasts idol in southeast asia ? who broadcast the 12th season in italy ? producers have been accused of planting what within the show ? how many consecutive years was american idol the top rated show ? how many consecutive years did either the performance or results show rank number one ? what is the three word latin name for domesticated dogs ? what is canis familiaris ? how long has the domestic dog been selectively bred ? along with various behaviors and physical attributes , what were domestic dogs bred for ? what decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins ? testing revealed today 's dogs trace back by how many years ? what is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to ? what type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs can not ? what was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from ? what is the most common phrase , or nickname , used by people in the united states to describe dogs in general ? what moniker has been given to dogs in western cultures ? dogs are a source of what in some cultures ? what is the proto-germanic word that `` dog '' may have come from ? what may be the earliest vocabulary that the word `` dog '' came from ? where does the word dog originate ? dog could also come from the original layer of what vocabulary ? what was the common 14th-century word for dogs for those who spoke english ? what breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound ? in what century did `` hound '' start to only apply to hunting dogs ? what was the common term for all domesticated dogs in england during the 14th century ? when did the word dog become the common term for canines ? hound became the term for dogs who did what activity during this time ? what proto-indo-european word is hound from ? what are a single birth group of puppies of a dog called collectively ? what is the male who is father of the pups called ? what is the french word that `` puppy '' comes from ? what is giving birth to dogs called ? what is the english word for female dog that has also become profanity ? a male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding ? what are canine offspring referred as ? what is the father of a litter referred as ? what is the mother of a litter referred as ? what are the individual litter canines called ? what is the latin term for `` dog .? '' what year are dogs first listed in systema naturae ? who published systema naturae ? what is the modern single english word for canis lupus ? what 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves ? what is the latin word for dog ? canis familiaris is the classification for dogs , and is known as what ? what is the latin name for a wolf ? feral dogs have what latin classification ? what year was canis familiaris listed under canis lupus ? what year was it decided that if wolves and dogs were one species , then their scientific name is the name of the wild variety ? what 2005 publication in its third edition kept to that ruling ? what latin dog term is still used because wild and domesticated dogs are recognizably different ? what official body recognizes both canis lupus and canis familiaris ? many researchers prefer what term ? who ruled in 2003 that scientific names for wild animals share the same scientific name as their domestic counterparts ? what was this decision called ? what indicated dogs and gray wolves developed as two monophyletic clades ? the common relative of dogs and existing wolves is now considered what ? modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what ? due to admixture , what species are many arctic dogs related to ? rather than with agriculturists , dogs seemingly were during the time of who ? most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal ? some arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf ? what species shows more difference in size , looks and actions than any other ? what are dog teeth best suited for ? dogs are considered to be predators and what else ? what bones in dog legs are fused ? a dog 's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else ? what are a dog 's teeth mainly used for ? dogs originated as predators and what ? dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics ? what breed was the largest dog known to have lived ? what is the biggest known dog ? which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates ? along with a gruff guard hair , what else makes up the double coat ? what is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates ? what is a single coat ? when a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat , this is called what ? a dog with countershading has dark coloring where ? a natural camo pattern is known as what ? what color is on a dogs upper surfaces if it has countershading ? what is reduced when a dog has countershading ? what part of a dog can be straight , curly or cork-screwed ? what does a dog communicate with its tail ? what part of a dog can be straight , curled , or cork-screwed ? what are some dogs prone to ? what are all dogs susceptible to ? pyometra usually affects what type of female dog ? who does pyometra affect ? what are fleas , ticks and mites called ? some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs ? grapes , raisins , onions , garlic and what common sugar alcohol -lrb- sweetener -rrb- is toxic to dogs ? what type of nut is poisonous to dogs ? what is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs ? some human foods can be what to dogs ? what in tobacco can hurt dogs ? what form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs ? mutts , dogs that have several breed characteristics , live how much longer than purebred dogs ? do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives ? when was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds ? typically , how much longer do mixed breeds live ? what is the median lifespan of canines ? what is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan ? what is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years ? what is the average lifespan of an irish wolfhound ? which dog has the shortest lifespan ? what is the average lifespan for a dogue de borddeaux ? what is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans ? what is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest ? what is the name of the dog in the guinness book of world records for longest lived ? what year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book ? what was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years ? when did bluey die ? who did the guinness book of world records say was the oldest dog in 2011 ? how many times per year do female dogs go into heat ? what does going into heat -lrb- estrous -rrb- prepare a female dog for ? some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature ? what does a female dog experience at sexual maturity ? how long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies ? what is the average length of dog pregnancy ? what is the average number of pups in a litter ? for small dogs , what is the average number of pups in a litter ? what is the average for a dog to bear her litter ? what is the average number of pups per litter ? smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter ? what is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation ? according to the text , what agency recommends altering dogs to prevent pregnancies ? what is typically surgically removed on male dogs to prevent procreation ? what is usually removed in female dogs to prevent pregnancy ? in neutering , what is removed in a male dog ? in neutering , what is removed in female dogs ? what does the aspca recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes ? hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what ? according to the text , what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog ? female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens ? what is increased in female dogs with neutering ? what is increased in male dogs with neutering ? what is the name of the dog that could id over 200 things ? what is the name of the border collie that knew over 1000 words ? in addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what two other things ? what wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment ? what is one thing , according to the text , that domesticated dogs use humans for ? perceiving information and retaining it is what ? how many labels does rico the dog know ? what kind of memory skills do dogs have ? how many words did chaser know ? dogs are estimated to be domesticated as far back as what date range of years on the calendar ? dog minds have been shaped by thousands of years of contact with what species ? what do some dog skills parallel in human beings ? dogs are very well attuned to what other species ' behaviors ? dogs can understand and communicate with what other species ? what is a dog 's responses to stimuli known as ? more than any other species , dogs are able to do what with people ? dogs have some social skills that parallel what ? what is gustatory communication include in dogs ? people communicate with dogs by voice commands , body language or posture and what else ? eye gaze , vocalization and body posture are examples of what ? in addition to vocalization and body posture , how do people communicate with dogs ? which typically has thicker skin , dogs or wolves ? dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what ? what kind of features differentiate gray wolves from dogs ? how often do female wolves enter estrus ? instead of genetic traits for production , dogs are bred for what ? how many `` fixed '' genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog ? the gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication ? what is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding ? what do most dogs show less of than wolves ? most domestic animals were selected for what traits ? why were dogs initially selected ? for wolves and dogs , how many fixed genes show a variation ? dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves ? what is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet ? how many dogs are estimated to be in the world ? what are dog population estimates based on other than land uses ? like wolves , big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator ? wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs ? what animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in croatia ? like wolves , what kind of predators are large dogs ? dogs die as a result of croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal ? what limits the feral dog population in russia ? what large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is ? what is a typical predator of dogs in places such as turkmenistan ? what two reptiles kill dogs and consume them ? what big cat has a tendency to attack dogs ? what big cats in indonesia also attack dogs ? what type of reptiles eat dogs ? what is a known predator of village dogs in india ? dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior ? dogs can digest meat as well as what else ? cats are known as what type of carnivore ? because of what they eat , dogs are classified as what ? dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating ? dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves , who can not ? the majority of dog breeds have only been around for how long ? people selected dogs they wanted based on what two things ? hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what ? height measurements in dogs go from six inches for chihuahuas to 30 inches in what breed ? how old are most dog breeds ? how many different breeds are there ? gray color is often called what when referring to dogs ? natural selection and what makes certain dogs behave certain ways ? what distinguishes different types of dogs from one another ? who keeps classifications of different dog breeds ? what is responsible for different dog types and breeds today ? animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what ? modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs ? the methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what ? a scientific study of dog genetics has shown only how many types of dogs being determinably distinct ? what , according to the text , are two examples of `` old world '' dogs ? the border collie is an example of what type of dog ? how many main types of dogs are there ? what type of dogs are shar peis ? what are the other modern and hunting types of dogs called ? what is one of the complex behaviors pet dogs have gotten from wolves ? what may make dogs have the ability to be trained by , play with and fit in with people ? higher social attributes and human relationships may have caused dogs to reach what as a species ? what is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves ? dogs had a worth to what type of early humans ? dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time , but what is a more recent help to people they provide ? because of a dog 's resourcefulness to people , they have been given what nickname ? some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions ? what did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean ? what do australian aborigines call a frigid night ? what did a dog 's good hearing help humans with ? how could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps ? what is the australian aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night ? what type of hunting is it called when humans and dogs hunt together ? what year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them ? what would have been the top benefit for dogs in camps ? the successful mixing of dogs with hunting is often given as a primary reason for what ? what type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into north america 12,000 tears ago ? what did ancient people walk across from siberia into north america ? how old are the oldest findings of dogs in north america ? evidence places dogs in north america when ? dogs were the only domesticated animals for what north american population ? dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago ? people still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose ? a grave from 12,000 bc was found to contain an older person and what else ? what two species have the most widespread bonding ? when did more people begin to keep dogs as pets ? what decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets ? in the 1950s and 1960s most dogs where kept where ? historically , who in particular had dogs as companions ? dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today ? when did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions ? shaping dogs to what people want is called what ? the idea of what constitutes a family , from the human perspective , has enlarged to include what ? how many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization ? when a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior , it is called what ? a second major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what ? it is easy to turn a canine into the perfect companion because so much of what is available ? dog training can be researched back to what century ? how do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned ? how far back can dog training be found ? how do dogs mark their territory ? what has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans do n't want them to do , such as jumping ? how do most people describe the relationship with their dogs ? what television show uses a dominance model of dog and human relationships ? most people today describe their dogs as what ? what tv show promotes a dominance model for the relationships people have with their dogs ? a study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn ? dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what ? in addition to dog dancing , what is another activity that families are doing that is centered around their pet ? what do many dogs have to do in the families where they live ? what are dogs often taught to bring in from outdoors ? the national pet owner survey reported how many people had pet dogs in america between 2009 and 2010 ? how many people in the united states are said to own dog ? what type of imaging was used to study the relationship between humans and dogs ? an mri study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what ? an mri study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans ? because dogs respond to voices the same way humans do , they are able to recognize what in human sounds , making them social ? what technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people ? dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds ? what nickname have dogs earned for their relationship to humans ? pointers and hounds are bred to do what ? certain dogs are bred to help fishermen with what ? who was the first dog to orbit the earth in 1957 ? what breed was laika ? what phrase describing dogs is used in different languages ? what dog types , in the text , are used for hunting ? some dogs help fishermen with what ? what is the name of the dog to first orbit the earth ? what year was the first dog sent into space ? what kind of dogs help people with physical or mental disabilities ? early warning allows epileptics to get to safety , get medication or what else ? what are conformation shows also known as ? who evaluates dogs at breed shows ? what is the judge looking for in specific breeds ? what is the only standard judged ? what is another word for `` breed shows '' ? what is the evaluator called in a breed show ? the breed standard only is about what ? abilities and what else are not tested at breed shows ? where do some people eat dogs ? in addition to others , western culture considers eating dog meat as what ? in rural poland areas , what is considered medicinal for lungs ? what do people who eat dog meat consider western culture , since people there do eat many different animals ? the west , south asia and middle east think eating dogs is what ? dog fat in some parts of poland is thought to have what ? what is the best known korean dish made with dog meat ? what is gaejang-guk ? why do people eat gaejang-guk in the summer months ? what is dog meat boiled with to create gaejang-guk ? when is the korean dog recipe usually eaten ? what are two other ingredients in the dog meat recipe in korea ? how many people are bitten by dogs every year in america ? during the 1980s and 1990s , how many people were killed annually because of dog bites ? in the 2000s , how many people died every year because of dog bites ? according to a 2008 cdc report , how many are bitten in the united states annually ? what decade saw an increase from 17 to 26 deaths caused by dogs ? according to a colorado study , dog bites are what in children as compared to adults ? out of 10,000 people , how many people are bitten by dogs in the united states ? out of 10,000 boys between five and nine years old , how many are bitten annually by dogs ? children are often bit where by dogs ? a dog scratch can lead to what medical condition ? where was the study done that showed dog bites were less serious in children than adults ? about 12.9 out of 10,000 are bit by dogs , but what is the number in 10,000 for young boys from 5 to 9 ? according to the text , dog scratches can cause what ? in addition to dogs , what other animal is responsible for over 86,000 falls every year ? vehicle accidents with resulting injuries that involve dogs are more common with what type of vehicle ? what sort of vehicle is most likely associated with accidents involving dogs ? what is the common name of the species that causes toxocariasis ? how are toxicara canis infections spread ? about how many people get a toxocara infection each year ? toxocariasis can lead to what in humans ? toxocariasis is caused by what kind of eggs in dog feces ? what percentage of people in america are infected with the toxocara infection ? how many toxocara infection cases are reported annually in the us ? what percentage of soil contained t. canis eggs in great britain public parks ? if toxocariasis is left untreated , what can happen to a person ? what year did a publication come out indicating having a pet does not mean lower risk of heart disease in the elderly ? what is lowered in children who have pets ? what year did a report state that research did not support better health for elderly people who own pets ? people with dogs get more of what than people with cats or no animals ? people with dogs do what more than people who have cats or no pets ? what do humans get exposed to with pets that may help them not get sick ? dogs can act as a facilitator of what between human beings ? what year was the study done that indicated people with pets are more likely to get to know neighbors ? what is lessened when people are with their pet dogs ? people in wheelchairs have better social interactions with who when dogs are involved ? dogs were taken where to help people with mental disorders socialize ? therapy dogs can help increase what in people suffering with alzheimer 's ? what was decreased in children with adhd when they were exposed to therapy dogs ? when did people start using dogs as therapy ? where were dogs introduced then to help people socialize people ? children who have adhd or conduct disorders respond better when what is a part of their treatment plan ? people with alzheimer 's smile and laugh more with what kind of therapy ? what can trained dogs detect by sniffing a person or a sample of their urine ? how much larger is a dog brain olfactory cortex when compared to humans ? a dog can detect smells in one part per what ? how much larger is a dog 's olfactory cortex than a person 's ? how many cancer patients has daisy detected ? what is the name of the dog with three heads in greek mythology ? what did cerberus guard ? what is the name of the dog with four eyes in norse mythology ? what is the name of the dog in philippine mythology who is responsible for lightning ? kimat is the dog of tadaklan , who is the god of what ? in what mythology do two canines watch over the chinvat bridge ? who is the three headed watchdog guarding hades ? who is the dog that guards helheim ? who is tadaklan ? who is tadaklan 's pet that is responsible for lightning ? in hindu mythology , what do the two dogs who are owned by the god of death watch over ? what is the name of the god of death ? offerings at the muthappan temple shrine take on what form ? who owns two dogs with four eyes each in hindu mythology ? what do yama 's dogs watch over ? what does muthappan use for his hunting dog for ? offerings left at the muthappan temple shrine take on what form ? how are dogs viewed in islam ? why are dogs viewed as unclean in islam ? what city made owing dogs illegal in 2015 ? in britain , a dog used in a search at a mosque or a home occupied by muslims must wear what ? why are dogs seen as unclean in islam ? when did it become illegal for a person to own a dog in the hague ? where did activists want dogs kept out of neighborhoods because it violated religious freedom ? what are sniffer dogs used by british police allowed to touch instead of a passenger ? what do dogs represent to christians ? jewish law dictates that anyone owning a dog must feed the dog before who ? if a jewish person owns a dog , he must do what to do the dog before he does it to himself ? what does a dog represent in the christian culture ? three asian countries see dogs as what ? what country has the dog as part of its 12 animals that represent years ? how are dogs viewed in asian countries ? thousands of years ago , dogs were depicted on the walls of what ? what scenes were popular in art during the middle ages ? dogs were depicted as art on the walls of what ? what kind of art scene was popular in the middle ages ? as relationships between people and dogs got closer , what happened to the art that had dogs in it ? dogs can have the same health issues as who ? which dog is not able to mount a female dog ? when these feral dogs are approached by a person , they tend to do this 52 % of the time ? when these feral dogs are approached by a person , they tend to do this 11 % of the time ? dog cognition has been studied on what kind of dogs ? what would wolves have gotten from living with humans ? what has likely led to human success ? studies that people are better off with dogs have been criticized for being what ? people who have cats or dogs make fewer visits where ? when did the tradition of people carrying the olympic torch before the olympic games begin ? how many days did people carry the olympic torch before the 2008 summer olympics ? what was the theme for the torch relay ? what did the organizers of the torch relay call it ? what was the 2008 olympic slogan ? where were the details of the torch relay made known ? what was the torch relay referred to as by organizers ? how many miles was the olympic torch relayed ? what day was the olympic torch lit for the 2008 games ? where did the olympics originate ? when did the olympic torch reach beijing ? how many continents did the torch visit after beijing ? the torch was on what road to symbolize historic links between china and the world ? where was the olympic torch lit ? what date was the olympic torch lit ? what is the name of the stadium in greece were the torch was taken to ? what date did the olympic torch arrive at its destination in china ? what mountain was the torch taken up ? how many people protested on the san francisco torch route ? how many people protested at the pyongyang torch route ? what were some groups doing along the torch route that was not supportive of the olympics ? who put out the torch along the route for protection ? who condemned the various attacks on the torch relay route ? in san francisco , who had a larger presence than the protesters ? who overwhelmed the protesters in japan ? who amassed in large scale against protesters ? what was said to have occurred between some supporters and protesters ? what three areas of the globe were protests reported as not big ? who is the president of the international olympic committee ? athletes wearing what kind of flag at any olympic venue faced the possibility of expulsion from the olympics ? because of the relay issues , ioc decided to no longer have what in subsequent olympics ? what is the name of the man who said the protesting of the torch relay as a `` crisis '' ? what could happen to olympic sports participants who showed a tibetan flag at events ? who asked that the torch relay be ended ? what was halted with the torch relay for future olympics ? the international torch relay was canceled for what event in june 2008 ? for what events was the torch relay decided to not be held ? what is the chinese design used on the olympic torch ? what is the olympic torch made from ? how much does the olympic torch weigh ? what is used to light the flame on the olympic torch ? what was the design name of the chinese olympic torch ? what metal is the torch constructed from ? what wind speed will the torch flame still stay lit in mph ? how much rainfall in inches per hour can the torch stay lit under ? what fuel is used for the torch ? when it was necessary for the olympic torch to be on an airplane , which one was used ? what color was the chartered plane ? when was it decided that air china would be the official torch carrier ? how many days did the plane travel ? what type of aircraft did the torch team travel in ? what colors was the aircraft painted ? what was the name of the airline that transported the olympic torch ? how many days did the plane travel with the torch team ? how many different places were visited by the aircraft taking the torch team ? how many continents did the torch visit ? what was the stop that was to happen between ho chi minh city and hong kong ? the republic of china felt that the wrong decision could place taiwan on the same level as what two areas ? the torch route covered six what ? what government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route ? what two places did taiwan not want to be considered equal with in the language of the torch 's route description ? how many kilometers was the torch supposed to go through taiwan ? on what date did the olympic flame get lit ? where did the olympic flame get lit ? who was the first person to carry the torch ? who initially lit the olympic torch ? when did demonstrators yell for tibet to be freed ? where is the location of the original olympic events ? what is the name of the woman who lit the torch for the new games ? what medal did the first torchbearer have from prior games ? what is the name of the first torchbearer for the 2008 olympics ? what place had police experience violent problems with protesters ? action was taken to boycott which company ? who was the biggest shareholder of carrefour ? what did some protesters burn ? where were anti-protesters blocked from entering a carrefour store with chinese flags ? who was said to have given money to the dalai lama ? what method did the chinese government use to ease the boycott situation ? what french company was being boycotted ? in what publication were chinese people asked to be orderly and legal because of the protests and demonstrations ? what is the name of the publication where chinese people were advised to be calm and rational about patriotism ? the chinese people were told to show patriotism in an orderly and what manner ? what virgin site did the torch visit on april 2 ? who was the first person to be handed the torch in almaty ? who is nursultan nazarbaev ? the route in almaty went from medeo stadium to where ? what kind of activists were arrested in almaty ? what country did the torch get to for the first time ? what is the name of the president who was the first torchbearer in almaty ? what was the distance in kilometers for the route in kazakhstan ? what activists were reported to have been arrested ? when was the torch in istanbul ? where did the torch end up in istanbul ? where did the torch start in instanbul ? who protested for their compatriots who were in xinjiang ? what city was the olympic torch at on april 3rd ? what is the name of the place in the city where the torch relay started in turkey ? where did the torch relay finish in turkey ? what people in turkey protested for their people living in china ? what happened to protesters who tried to interrupt the carrying of the torch ? when did the torch arrive in saint petersburg ? where was the start of the torch route in saint petersburg ? where did the torch route end in saint petersburg ? who is the first mma fighter to participate in carrying the olympic torch ? where in russia was the first stop for the relay ? what city location did the torch relay begin in russia ? what was the last location for the relay in russia ? what is the name of the mma fighter who carried the torch in russia ? which city hosted the 2012 summer olympics ? when did the torch route begin in london ? how much did security cost for the torch relay in london ? what city held the olympics in 2012 ? where did the torch relay begin in london for the 2008 olympics ? where did the relay end in london ? how many miles was the relay in england ? what word was used by london officials to describe chinese security guards for their treatment of protesters ? how many torchbearers took part in the london route ? who was the first person to hold the torch for the london route ? along with francesca martinez , who decided to not carry the torch ? who was outside at 10 downing street to welcome the torch without actually touching it ? who got emails asking him to boycott the torch relay ? how many people carried the torch in england for the 2008 olympics ? what two people in england declined to bear the torch ? where did gordon brown welcome the torch ? where was an attempt made to take the torch ? when did the torch relay in paris occur ? where did the paris route start for the torch relay ? rather than being carried by an athlete , how did the torch end its route in paris ? the flame of the torch was put out when david douillet was ready to hand it to who ? what date did the torch relay begin in france ? what city in france did the torch relay start at ? where location was the torch relay started in the city in paris ? about how many police were said to have protected the torch in france ? how many times was the torch put out in france die to security concerns ? who threw a a tibetan flag from a city hall window ? which torchbearer was in a wheelchair ? what was jin jing called by ethnic chinese ? what was stopped due to protest interruptions ? what is the name of the handicapped bearer of the torch ? what did the ethnic chinese call the disabled torch bearer ? who put a flag of tibet out of the window at city hall ? which organization planned several protests ? what did reporters without borders scale in order to put a protest banner on it ? which cathedral did reporters without borders hang another protest banner ? what was hung from the eiffel tower ? who climbed the eiffel tower to hang a protest banner ? where else was a copy of the banner at eiffel tower hung ? where did hundreds of pro-tibet protesters meet ? who spoke to the media about china 's lack of freedom of speech ? who is the president of the french tibetan community that urged protesters to remain peaceful ? where did pro-tibetan protesters get together ? the trocadéro was not disruptive of the relay and said to have been what ? who , of the trocadéro protest , spoke to the media ? what did the person who spoke to the media at trocadéro say china lacked ? what did the political parties request a brief stop in ? what text was on the banner that the politicians unrolled outside ? what did mps yell when the torch passed them ? various french politicians started protests including members of what ? all the french political factions requested a temporary halt to what ? why did the banner say that was unveiled during the temporary halt ? what did the parliamentary members yell as the relay passed ? what did french police take from demonstrators ? which newspaper reported that only the chinese could express themselves ? where was the only place the tibetan flag could be held ? who was the minister of the interior ? what did french law enforcement take from protesters ? where was the only place tibetan flags were permitted ? who said the police acted on their own in taking the flags ? who rendered a france 2 camera person unconscious ? where did the torch start it 's north american route ? what day did the torch arrive in san francisco ? what is the name of the first north american torchbearer ? the route end was changed from justin herman plaza to what ? who was the head of the u.s. olympic committee ? what city in the united states held the 2008 olympic torch relay ? what was the date of the relay in the united states ? what is the name of the person who handed off the torch to the torchbearer in the united states 2008 olympic relay ? what is the name of the location where the relay ending event was canceled ? who approved a resolution concerning human rights on april 1 , 2008 ? the concern was over what in china and tibet ? what date was the protest which was led by gere and tutu ? when was a resolution agreed to about chinese human rights issues in san francisco ? who approved the resolution ? where was a protest planned in san francisco ? what actor was scheduled to attend a san francisco olympic protest ? three protester climbed what to hang two banners on april 7 , 2008 ? laurel sutherlin spoke to which tv station about his concerns ? who asked that the san francisco relay route be shortened ? what famous bridge had two banners hung from it by protesters ? who spoke to station kpix-cbs5 about the bridge banner protests ? how many supporters face charges for the bridge stunt ? how many activists may be charged with crimes for the bridge stunt ? where did the first relay runner disappear to with the torch ?? which wheelchair-bound torchbearer was ejected from the relay for showing a tibetan flag ? what wheelchair-bound bearer of the olympic torch displayed a tibetan flag ? where was the last part of the san francisco torch relay carried through before getting on a bus ? where was a makeshift closing ceremony held for the torch relay in san francisco ? after the bearer of the torch disappeared into a warehouse , what road did the relay reappear on ? when did the olympic torch relay begin in buenos aires ? where did the torch route start in buenos aires ? who was the mayor of buenos aires ? where did the olympic torch relay begin in argentina ? what place held an opening show for the relay ? what is the name of the mayor who passed off the torch to the first bearer in argentina ? who was the first bearer of the torch in argentina ? what was showered along the route in some places ? what is the name of the activist who promised peaceful protests ? what route was planned for an alternative march ? what was on the banner that was displayed where the torchbearers would carry the torch ? what is the name of the protester who said they would not try to extinguish the torch ? where did the other march travel form and to ? what was the name given to the torch carried on the alternative march ? what did the large banner say that was along the alternative march route ? what was the unsanctioned alternative relay called ? who was the outreach director of hrtr ? what was the non profit that was funded by mark palmer ? which footballer decided to not be a torchbearer because of the controversy ? how many police officers were in place to avoid controversy along the torch route ? what was thrown to try and put out the flame ? what is susan prager communication director of ? what football star backed out due to relay controversy ? how many police officers were part of the security operative ? what was tossed at the torch trying to put it out ? the protests were considered to be overall what in nature ? where was the only african destination for the torch ? when did the torch arrive in dar es salaam ? where did the route start for the torch in dar es salaam ? where was the solitary place the relay was held in africa ? what is the name of the railway where the olympic torch relay began in africa ? where did the relay terminate in africa ? what country paid for the stadium through aid money ? who it the torch in africa ? which middle east location was the only area the torch visited ? when did the torch arrive in muscat ? which actress carried the torch for part of the route ? where was the only place the olympic torch was carried in the middle east ? how far was the relay route in kilometers in the middle east ? what is the name of the syrian actress who was one to bear the torch ? when did the torch arrive in islamabad ? where was an indoor ceremony held since the outdoor relay was cancelled ? who spoke at the opening ceremony in islamabad in addition to president musharraf ? where did the olympic torch relay start in pakistan ? instead of a traditinal relay , where was the track the torch was carried in pakistan ? when did the torch visit new delhi ? how many runners carried the torch in new delhi ? which football captain did not participate in the relay to show support for tibet ? how many torchbearers did not participate because of their concerns with tibet ? where did the torch relay happen in india ? how long was the route in india in miles ? how many bearers of the torch were used in india ? how many bearers decided not to participate ? what is the name of the footballer who refused to be a part of the relay ? the security given to the torch relay in new delhi is reminiscent of the security of what ? the chinese presented a list of vulnerable relay locations to who ? who supposedly cancelled a trip to beijing in protest ? who was said to have canceled an official trip to china in protest ? at what time in the middle of the night was the diplomat summoned ? the olympic relay had the same security precautions taken as what other special day ? what kind of targets do republic day events present as ? how many people comprised the tibetan exile community ? india refused china 's request that the tibetan exile community be avoided because they said india is what ? where is the exiled tibetan government ? how many tibetan exiles are said to be in india ? a wholesale ban on what was denied ? what olympic group was denied by india ? what deteriorated between india and china ? who said they did not support relay interruptions ? who did not want to participate in the relay as ` caged woman ' ? where was bedi retired from ? which actress decided to not participate on april 15 ? when did a protest in delhi occur to protest against chinese repression in tibet ? what retired police officer refused to carry the torch in india ? what actress removed herself from participation in the relay ? where was a protest organized about the olympic relay in india ? who disbanded the protest in delhi ? the retired police officer said she would not run as what ? when did the olympic torch reach bangkok ? who is the green world foundation chairwoman who refused to participate in the relay ? the media was told that the chinese supplied with shirts and transportation ? when did the torch go through bankok ? the relay route was a little over how many kilometers ? who were told they would be banned from reentering thailand ? what scheduled bearer of the torch boycotted ? when did the torch visit malaysia ? what is the capital city of malaysia ? where did the route begin in malaysia ? prior to the 2008 games , when did malaysia last see an olympic torch relay ? what is the location of the start of the relay in malaysia ? where did the relay end in malaysia ? what year was the last torch relay event in malaysia ? how many special police protected the relay event ? which supporters protested near the chinese embassy in malaysia ? supporters of what demonstrated at the chinese embassy in malaysia ? what were a japanese family who unveiled a tibetan flag hit with ? what did the chinese group yell ? what did chinese volunteers take from two malaysian demonstrators ? when did the olympic torch visit jakarta ? who requested that the original route be cancelled ? along with invited people , who were the only other people allowed in the stadium ? where did the torch relay begin in indonesia ? how many kilometers was the planned route that was cancelled ? why was the first route not taken ? what type of facility was the torch carried at instead . where did protests occur when non one except invited guests and the press were allowed inside the stadium ? when did the torch arrive in canberra ? who received the flame from chinese officials in canberra ? what did agnes shea give to the chinese in return ? who publicly argued at a press conference ? where was the relay held in australia ? how many kilometers was the route in australia ? what was the location of the beginning of the olympic torch route in australia ? who kept the demonstrators separated ? what is the name of the aboriginal elder who received the torch from chinese officials ? who did the chinese want to deploy to canberra to protect the flame ? chinese australian students were told to defend what against scum and separatists ? who was the chairman of the australian council of chinese organisations ? who was the foreign minister who said he was okay with protests as long as they were peaceful ? what group did china want along the relay route in canberra ? who was given permission to search attendees of the relay ? who said that thousands of pro-beijing supporters would be bused in ? who told the media that chinese diplomats were arranging a `` peaceful show of strength '' ? who was the foreign minister who indicated chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view ? who withdrew as a torchbearer because of her concerns about human rights ? who said dodds ' withdrawal was a good example of peacefully protesting ? who withdrew from the torch event ? who was the foreign minister that said her decision was a good example of peacefully making a point ? who was the head of the canberra torch relay committee ? how many supporters of tibet were expected in canberra to protest ? act chief minister jon stanhope said which organization intended to ensure that china supporters outweighed tibet supporters ? which athlete carried the torch for the final leg ? how many supporters of tibet were expected to attend the torch relay ? it was thought that how many chinese supporters would attend the torch relay ? who did not expect that reaction from the chinese community ? who was involved to ensure the pro chinese demonstrators outweighed the tibetan demonstrators ? who hosted the 1998 winter olympics ? when did the torch arrive in nagano ? where was the torch relay held in japan ? which olympics did nagano host ? what location was supposed to be the start of the relay event in nagano ? when monks pulled out of the event , where was the new starting point for the relay ? how many chinese guards were allowed to go with the torch ? where was the torch relay event held in south korea ? when did seoul host the olympics ? where was the start point for the relay ? who became violent during the relay route and was promised deportation when caught ? where was the relay event held in south korea ? which olympics did seoul host ? when did the torch arrive in pyongyang ? who presided over the torch event in north korea ? who was the first torchbearer in north korea ? where did the relay start ? where was the relay event held in north korea ? what date did the torch relay event take place ? what did people in the crowd wave at the beginning of the relay ? who was the first runner with the torch ? the united nations organization and unicef felt the relay could be used as what ? north korea is often listed among the worst offenders in the world in what regard ? what is the children 's agency of the united nations organization ? both organizations withdrew what ? what is the mission of the organizations ? who is often listed amongst the world 's worst offenders when it comes to human rights ? when did the torch arrive in vietnam ? where was the torch event held in vietnam ? how many torchbearers carried the torch in vietnam ? where did the torch event begin in vietnam ? where did the torch event end ? where was the torch event held in vietnam ? what areas are involved in the dispute between vietnam and china ? the chinese government established what city in this disputed area ? as a result , demonstrations were held in what two cities in december 2007 ? who was the prime minister of vietnam ? how many people protesting china were arrested in hanoi prior to the rally ? which blogger calling for demonstrations was arrested for tax evasion ? which torchbearer sent a letter of protest to the president of the international olympic committee ? how many protesters were arrested in hanoi prior to the rally ? what is blogger điếu cày 's real name ? though he urged for demonstrations in vietnam , nguyễn văn hải was charged with what crime ? what is the name of the torchbearer who wrote a letter to the ioc president about discrepancies on a website ? what was removed from the website that lê minh phiếu had written about ? when did the torch arrive in hong kong ? who was the first torchbearer in hong kong ? where was the torch event started in hong kong ? where did the torch relay end in hong kong ? how many torchbearers participated in the relay event in hong kong ? when was the relay event held in hong kong ? who handed the torch to lee lai shan , the first torchbearer ? what was used to get the torch across the shing mun river ? how many torchbearers carried the torch ? the torchbearers included athletes , celebrities and who ? what did hong kong alliance in support of patriotic democratic movements in china members wave to symbolize democracy ? this group wanted accountability for what 1989 event ? who wrapped a tibetan flag around her body and later waved it ? who removed chan from the protest ? why is chan suing the hong kong government ? some people waved plastic inflated flames , saying they symbolize what ? who was proud that hong kong still has brave people speaking out ? what did radio host christina chan wear before waving it ? which group did jens galschiøt lead ? what did galschiøt construct in hong kong in reference to the tiananmen square protests ? galschiøt and two fellow protesters were denied to entry to hong kong for what reason ? which american actress was questioned at the hong kong airport ? a legislator said that by allowing farrow to enter hong kong while denying others was a violation to what policy ? what group did jens galschiøt lead ? what structure did jens galschiøt build to monumentalize the tianamen square protests in 1989 ? why was jens galschiøt made to leave hong kong ? which actress from america was initially held and then gave a speech about china and sudan ? when did the torch visit macao ? where was the torch ceremony held in macao ? how many torchbearers participated in macao ? who was the first torchbearer in macao ? a newspaper article criticized that there were not enough of what kind of person among the torchbearers ? when was the torch relay event held in macao ? how many torchbearers carried the torch in macao ? who was the first person to carry the torch in macao ? which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event ? which publication was unhappy with the amount of non-athlete torchbearers ? a macau citizen was arrested for posting a plea to disrupt the relay on what website ? in addition to cyberctm.com , what other website was shut down for two days ? who was arrested on april 26 for posting an online message ? where was the message posted ? who denied the shutdown was motivated by politics ? after its april departure , when did the torch return to china ? what actor attended a torch celebration in china ? when did the torch reach sanya , hainan ? when was the last time the torch had been in china ? who attended the celebrations ? which actor also attended the celebrations ? the chinese coverage of torch relay events has been accused by western reporters as being what ? in turn , chinese supporters have accused western media of being what in their coverage ? which french newspaper was accused of being biased by chinese state press agency xinhua ? what was under scrutiny ? coverage in china is reported to be partial and what ? what organization interrupted the relay and was not broadcast by the chinese media ? chinese state press said what french newspaper was biased ? the chinese state press said the french newspaper was supporting a handful of what ? what did the chinese media focus on as far as human rights protesters ? xinhua and cctv focused on people who what ? which athlete was ignored by media for supporting the protesters ? what did xinhua call protesters ? which athlete showed support for the people protesting ? which publication said that protesters were trampling human rights ? though several torchbearers withdrew from the torch relay , the official website for china stated that indian torch participants vowed to run for what ? what did ayaan ali khan and manavjit singh sandhu say should not be mixed ? though four withdrew , it was reported that indian torchbearers vowed to what ? several torchbearers said what two things should not be combined ? which united kingdom newspaper published a chinese ambassador 's opinion that western media had demonized china with torch coverage ? what french newspaper did the chinese media accuse of bias ? some chinese have accused western media of what in their reportings ? who was the chinese ambassador to the u.k. ? which newspaper published these accusations ? what other newspaper was accused of bias ? who did xinhua accuse of biased reporting on april 17 ? who was accused of bias on april 17 by xinhua ? who wanted cnn to apologize for its insult to chinese people ? what article did bbc put out about china just days earlier ? who stated that chinese people could access the bbc news website after years of not being able to ? how many people gathered in protest at these two buildings ? who commented that chinese people can look at the bbc news site for the first time ? where is bbc banned from reporting ? who published `` overseas chinese rally against biased media coverage '' on april 20 ? which publication published a report about the chinese rallying against media bias ? what was the chinese government reported running on april 4 ? who supposedly created the site ? who takes credit for creating the site ? who felt that the government was involved in the website ? how many attendants accompanied the flame during it 's travels ? when were the 30 team members sworn in ? what were their official team outfits ? which team member has his own fan following ? how many attendants were used from the people 's armed police for the flame 's entire journey ? when were these 30 sworn in ? what did these 30 attendants wear ? what is the attendant who has a large fan base called ? which french company was boycotted ? carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder ? who was the lvmh group accused of supporting ? what was burned during these boycotts ? who was accused of helping the dalai lama ? boycotters accused france of being pro-seccessionist and what ? the chinese government tried to tamper the boycott , trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005 ? which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully ? which website had mentions of the carrefour boycott removed by the government ? when did protests in front of carrefour 's stores occur in china ? the chinese government did not want a repeat of what protests ? which newspaper asked the chinese people to protest peacefully ? who removed carrefour boycott comments from some websites ? what day did protests occur in front of carrefour stores ? who was the mayor of nagano ? how did washizawa refer to the city having the torch relay ? what was vandalized after a relay event was cancelled there ? who was the mayor of nagano ? what did he call the opportunity for nagano to host the torch event ? where was the inital opening ceremony to be held in nagano ? in what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off ? the torch is put out at night , on aircraft , during storms and what else ? who was michael mak kwok-fung ? which athlete did the official website call an angel ? which media outlets gave jin jing little notice ? how many additional teams will help with the mainland china route ? how many members are on each of these two teams ? despite its imperfection , what are now considered valuable achievements of principia mathematica ? what is the general consensus of the axioms and inference rules declared in principia mathematica ? who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1931 ? what did the incompleteness theorem of 1931 indicate regarding principia mathematica ? why was gödels finding ironic ? when was kurt godel 's incompleteness theorem ? what did kurt godel 's theorem demonstrate about axioms and the inference rules ? godel could n't have come to his conclusion without what book ? besides logic and epistemology , what else did principia mathematica connect ? what is the origin of the title of the book ? how did whitehead define `` inert ideas '' ? what was whitehead 's criticism of the use of inert ideas in education ? when was `` the aims of education and other essays '' published ? during what periods of time were the essays and address contained in `` the aims of education and other essays '' composed ? what year was the aims of education and other essays published ? what was the aims of education and other essays comprised of ? what teaching did whitehead caution against teaching ? what did whitehead believe regarding the variety of subjects in education ? how did whitehead propose that students would expand their knowledge beyond the subjects taught in school ? what was whitehead 's general opinion of what the school model should be ? what was whitehead 's opinion on the inclusion of values and general principles in education ? whitehead 's education style was to teach what ? what should whitehead 's students organically link due to his teaching methods ? whitehead believed education should be the opposite of what ? what was the extent of whitehead 's education in philosophy ? what was whitehead 's opinion of his own knowledge of metaphysics in that correspondence ? how did whitehead eventually become regarded in the field of metaphysics ? with what friend and former student did whitehead correspond regarding the goals of science ? what is the highest whitehead was trained in philosophy ? what is the relationship between whitehead and russell ? what did whitehead consider himself as a philosopher ? what was whitehead considered as a metaphysician ? what quotation of whitehead 's was noted by a student in 1927 ? what was whitehead 's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics ? what did whitehead feel was necessary regarding basic assumptions in metaphysics ? what was whitehead 's opinion of metaphysical investigations ? what do philosophers do , in whitehead 's view ? assumptions of how the universe works are difficult to see precisely because of what ? what did whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress ? what did whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy ? what cartesian concept did whitehead believe to be erroneous ? what theory did whitehead prefer to the cartesian concept ? how did whitehead define `` experience '' ? how did descartes ' distinguish types of existence ? how did whitehead identify his system of metaphysics ? what idea states that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter ? whitehead rejected the cartesian idea in favor of what ? whitehead believed instead of matter existing independently of each other , it did what ? whitehead believed that reality should be regarded as what ? whitehead 's system as `` philosophy of organism '' became widely known as what term ? how did whitehead define the `` fallacy of misplaced concreteness '' ? what basic concepts did whitehead believe were questionable ? why did he believe those concepts were inaccurate ? how did whitehead classify what is usually seen as an individual person ? how did whitehead refer to the combination of a person 's separate experiences ? what are the concepts quality , matter , and form considered ? concepts such as quality , matter , and form fail to account for what ? what concepts overlook the experiential nature of basic elements ? what does whitehead call experiences that are progressively connected ? instead of being a single person , what does whitehead view a person as ? what did whitehead believe were essentially the only things that truly exist ? regarding the idea that individuals or objects do n't fundamentally change , what terms can be used to describe what an object or individual actually is ? in that line of thinking , how are changes described ? the idea that people are unchanging and stay the same even through changes is considered what ? in whitehead 's cosmology , what are the only things that fundamentally exist ? where do occasions of experience overlap ? instead of having an enduring essence , what does whitehead believe ? in whitehead 's view , identities do not define people , but what ? why did whitehead think people continued to subscribe to materialistic thinking ? what did whitehead believe regarding factors that limit people 's understanding of his concepts ? what did whitehead believe was one of the biggest reasons materialistic thinking endured ? what did whitehead state about the belief that a person is exactly the same from moment to moment ? why could n't each moment of each person 's life be given a different proper name ? what did whitehead believe was a culprit in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking ? whitehead 's main philosophy on humans changing is what ? what is the general materialistic view of an object ? how the fundamental concept of matter influence people to view objects ? what is whitehead 's belief regarding the importance of relations ? what is the materialistic view of matter in relation to other objects ? what is another issue that whitehead had with materialism ? what obscures the importance of relations according to whitehead ? what does materialism see each object as ? how is each object related to other things ? how does whitehead characterize anything that exists ? how does he describe what makes something real ? in whitehead 's thinking , what could be said about something that has no effect on any other person or object ? what did whitehead believe about the concept of relations in the context of defining an entity ? whitehead believes any entity is in some sense what ? if an object made no difference to any other entity , what could be said about it ? if relations are not secondary to what a thing is , what is it ? what makes up the sum of relations to an entity ? a real object forces the universe to do what ? in what areas of the world has interest in whitehead 's work spread in recent decades ? who was one of the first theologians to try to interact with whitehead 's ideas ? what was the basis for `` nature , man and god '' ? according to isabelle stengers , what are unifying factors in diverse practices -lrb- like ecology and feminism -rrb- that have become interested in whitehead 's work ? what other fields have shown more recent interest in whitehead 's work ? where were the first followers mainly found ? who began the interest in whitehead at chicago 's divinity school ? who id the most well-known whitehead scholar ? what professors established the importance of whitehead 's work ? where is interest in whitehead 's work growing the fastest today ? what challenges are china using whitehead 's ideas to help manage ? what types of traditions are china blending with whitehead 's `` constructive post-modern '' philosophy ? what philosphers ' writings are becoming required reading for graduate students in china ? why does john cobb believe china has become interested in process philosophy ? what is an example of whitehead 's ideas being counter-intuitive ? why do some people believe whitehead 's writings may have restricted his influence ? what is a common opinion of metaphysics ? what is the general opinion of whitehead in most philosophical schools ? what philosophy is closely related to process philosophy ? what pragmatists did whitehead acknowledge in the preface to `` process and reality '' ? who is a philosopher that promotes process philosophy and pragmatism currently ? what founder of pragmatism 's collected papers did charles hartshorne ans paul weiss edit ? what important neopragmatist was harthorne 's student ? how was whitehead 's theory of gravitation received ? what physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by whitehead ? what affect did the discovery of gravitational waves have on whitehead 's theory ? what are gravitational waves ? how must whiteheads cosmology now be considered ? what award did cobb and daly receive for the book ? what was the first book on environmental ethics by an individual author ? on which economics book did cobb collaborate with herman daly ? what other economics book did cobb go on to author ? what was the goal of cobb 's second book on economics ? who established the feels model in china ? what does `` feels '' stand for ? what is the purpose of the feels model ? what entities are working together to promote the feels model ? what prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by whitehead ? what does dibben call his philosophy on management and business administration ? in what fields has dibben published two books and other papers ? what business fields has whitehead influenced ? according to dibben , what are the benefits of applying process metaphysics to examining management and business administration as a component of social science ? during which decade did whitehead 's focus start shifting away from mathematics ? after moving away from mathematics , what subjects did whitehead explore ? as opposed to physical objects , what did whitehead believe reality is composed of ? what was the predominant theory of reality that whitehead opposed ? what book of whitehead 's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy ? what did whitehead first study ? what was whitehead 's second area of study ? what was whitehead 's final area of study ? what type of system did he develop ? what did whitehead argue reality consists of ? where was alfred north whitehead born ? in what year was whitehead born ? who founded chatham house academy ? what was whitehead 's father 's profession ? who was whitehead 's mother ? where was alfred north whitehead born ? what year was whitehead born ? what was whitehead 's father 's profession ? what was whitehead 's mother 's name ? what was whitehead 's wife 's name ? in which educational system was whitehead employed in the late 1910s ? what was whitehead 's title at the university of london in late 1918 ? what was whitehead 's last position before he traveled to america ? in which year did whitehead relocate to america ? what degree program did whitehead contribute to establishing at university of london ? when did whitehead accept administrative positions ? what was he elected at the university of london ? where did whitehead accept administrative positions ? when did whitehead go to america ? who authored whitehead 's biography that is considered to be the most reliable description of whitehead 's life ? why was no nachlass left behind after whitehead 's death ? what was whitehead 's opinion on privacy ? what did the author of whitehead 's biography comment on the first page regarding the difficulty of obtaining information about whitehead ? how many volumes is the biography of whitehead ? who wrote the biography of whitehead ? what was whitehead 's wish upon his death for his family ? what did whitehead believe in so profusely that it was difficult to write a biography on him ? what was whitehead 's first published book on mathematics ? with what mathematician and philosopher did whitehead collaborate to write principia mathematica ? who was the intended audience of whitehead 's first two mathematics books ? what was whitehead 's final book on mathematics ? what is the significance of principia mathematica currently ? what did whitehead publish numerous articles about ? how many books on mathematics did whitehead write ? who co-wrote principia mathematica with whitehead ? which of whitehead 's books is known as one of the most important works in mathematical logical ? when did whitehead write his first book ? what did lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions demonstrate a need for ? how did alexander macfarlane summarize the relationship between different methods in `` a treatise on algebra '' in his review ? what was g.b. matthew 's opinion of `` a treatise on algebra '' ? lie algebras and hypobolic quanternions drew attention to the need for what ? what did reviewer gb mathews say algebraic structures possessed ? reviewer alexander macfarlane believed that the main idea of the work is a comparative study of what ? how long did whitehead and russell expect to spend creating principia mathematica ? how long did it actually take to complete principia mathematica ? why was there a funding shortfall for the publishing of princpia mathematica ? who supplied the funding to cover the shortfall ? how prevalent is principia mathematica today ? how long did whitehead and russell think it would take them to complete principia mathematica ? how long did it actually take whitehead and russell to complete principia mathematica ? how many volumes was principia mathematica ? how many pages was principia mathematica ? who paid to publish principia mathematica ? what is the general opinion of the difficulty level of whitehead 's work in philosophy ? what lectures did whitehead present in 1927-28 ? under what name were those lectures later published ? who also struggled to follow whitehead 's writings ? following arthur eddington 's lectures , what did whitehead publish ? when did whitehead delivery the gifford lectures ? in all of the western canon , what is whitehead 's work considered ? what affect did matthews ' opinion of the difficulty of whitehead 's works have on his interest in them ? how did many philosophers and theologians at chicago 's divinity school view whitehead 's work ? what expert on whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to explain whitehead 's ideas ? what was the result of that lecture ? who was frustrated in whitehead 's books but still interested ? what school recognized the importance of whitehead 's work ? when was henry nelson wieman invited to the chicago divinity school ? who was invited to the chicago divinity school as one of whitehead 's only experts ? what happened after henry nelson wieman gave a lecture about whitehead ? how has `` process and reality '' been described ? what did isabelle stengers say is the reason that `` process and reality '' is not commonly read and understood ? what effect did whitehead have on the future of metaphysics ? which publication is considered the most impressive metaphysical text ? who thought process and reality was little-read because the reader has to separate them from normal thought ? what philosophy in the west was challenged by whitehead ? what was whitehead 's philosophy able to anticipate for the 21st century ? what was the outcome of anticipating the scientific and philosophical problems whitehead proposed ? what did whitehead believe regarding creativity ? an entity is a sum of relations , a valuation of them and what else ? most entities do not have what ? all entities , being unable to predict behavior , are because of what ? not being able to predict what any entity is going to do is what principle b whitehead ? other than the combination of its relations , what else defines an entity ? what did whitehead believe about an entity 's relation to other entities ? what is the origin of the word `` prehension '' ? what is a basic description of the theory of representative perception ? what term did whitehead describe that perception is not limited to the living ? what language does the term `` prehensio '' come from ? what does the word `` prehensio '' translate into ? what entities does the term prehension apply to ? how many modes does perception occur in according to whitehead ? what is prehension used to define ? what does the term `` prehension '' signify regarding an entities perceptions and relations ? what did whitehead state are the two types of perception ? how do the senses affect causal efficacy ? what can be said about the accuracy of presentational immediacy ? what is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate ? what is the other term for `` pure sense perception '' ? what is it called if you mistake a reflection in a mirror for the real thing ? how does whitehead define causal efficacy ? how does whitehead define presentational immediacy ? which concept does whitehead state is more dominant in a lower mentality ? what is whitehead 's term for the two modes of perceptions combining ? what dominates more basic mentality in symbolic reference ? what does symbolic reference link appearance with ? what does having sense perceptions conclude about a person ? what is the purpose of symbolic reference ? how does whitehead describe the process of a typical person noticing a chair ? how might an artist view a chair differently than a typical person ? how does whitehead say a dog may interpret the presence of a chair ? what observation did whitehead make about life ? what did whitehead state was the biggest indicator of a higher form of life ? what did whitehead believe are the goals f life ? what did whitehead believe was the fundamental purpose of life ? whitehead observes that life is deficient in what ? what are higher life forms actively engaged in ? how many goals of living is there ? whitehead sees life as directed towards what purpose ? without whitehead 's proposed purpose , life would be what ? what was whitehead 's response to questions about why complex life evolved ? what was whitehead 's description of god ? what is whitehead 's most well-known critical statement regarding the christian notion of god ? what qualities dis whitehead state that christians attributed to their version of god ? what was whitehead 's belief about god in relation to religion ? in what did whitehead believe that those concepts existed ? what did whitehead view as the second nature of god ? what type of god did whitehead believe existed ? why did whitehead view the existence of god as a necessity for his metaphysical system ? how does whitehead define he consequent nature of god ? what does whitehead say that god does with all experiences ? how does whitehead describe the judgment of god ? what effect does whitehead claim that experiences have on god ? what conclusion does whitehead draw about god 's treatment of humans ' experiences ? in what way did whitehead view god as deficient ? what did whitehead claim god would be without the world ? how does whitehead view the relationship between god an the world ? how does he define entities ' need for god ? how dis whitehead believe god provided permanence to entities ? what did whitehead believe was the basis of religion ? what is whitehead 's most famous statement on religion ? how did whitehead define religion ? how did whitehead define `` dangerous delusion '' as it relates to religion ? in what state did whitehead believe religion began ? what realization did whitehead believe religion made necessary ? what did whitehead believe was necessary for an entity to have meaning and value ? how does whitehead describe religion as world-loyalty ? what did whitehead believe was the relationship between the individual and social aspects of religion ? where has interest outside of those areas mainly come from ? what french sociologist and anthropologist stated that whitehead was `` the greatest philosopher of the 20th century '' ? where are whitehead 's works primarily studied in english-speaking countries ? who are two of whitehead 's students that have gone on to become renowned in the field of analytic philosophy ? what did gilles deleuze say about whitehead ? in what field of study has whitehead 's work been most influential in the united states ? who was the most important early supporter of whitehead 's work in the context of theology ? what advancement of whitehead 's process philosophy is attributed to charles hartshorne ? who are some other distinguished process theologians ? what aspect of god is usually emphasized in process theology ? how is god usually perceived by process theologians ? why did hartshorne feel that god must be affected by people ? why would god being substantially affected by the world be beneficial ? what type of process theology does c. robert mesle promote ? what subjects has john b. cobb , jr. written books on other than process theology ? what theories do roland faber and catherine keller combine with whitehead 's ideas ? what was charles birch 's profession besides theologian ? who authored `` syntheism - creating god in the internet age '' ? why is there difficulty in defining process theology ? what was whitehead 's technical definition of religion ? what did whitehead believe religion did with strong emotions ? what purpose did whitehead believe religion served ? what did whitehead believe was the job of religion regarding philosophy ? what is mary parker follett known for ? what do margaret stout and carrie m. staton view as commonalities between whitehead and follett ? what book did stout and jeanine m. love author that further examines the on between whitehead and follett ? what did many asset managers decide to do to the detriment of their clients ? what led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets ? who is compensated based on the volume of client assets they have under management ? what is the incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management ? what rationale did asset managers who continued to invest in over-priced investments to the detriment of their clients use ? who was southern california-based indymac a spin-off of ? on what date did indymac fail ? which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the united states ? before its failure , which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the united states ? who was indymac 's parent corporation ? when did moody 's and standard & poor downgrade a significant number of indymac 's mbs bonds ? if indymac 's downgraded mbs bond ratings had been in effect at march 31 , 2008 , what would the bank 's capital ratio have been ? what was the value of indymac 's mbs bonds retained in its mbs portfolio that were downgraded in april 2008 ? what was one of the agencies that downgraded a significant number of indymac 's mbs bonds in april 2008 ? what is a well capitalized ratio ? who is the senator that asked fdic if it had considered ordering indymac to reduce its reliance on brokered deposits ? what does the abbreviation fdic stand for ? how much of indymac 's total deposits of $ 18.9 billion on march 31 , 2008 were considered brokered deposits ? had the fdic disallowed indymac from acquiring new brokered deposits on this date , the threat of brokered deposit losses would have been $ 500 million a month ? how much was the threat of brokered deposit losses per month to indymac ? how much in deposits did account holders withdraw from indymac in late june 2008 ? what percent of indymac 's deposits were withdrawn by account holders in late june 2008 ? what was the value of loans indymac was forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed in late 2007 ? who is the senator that released a letter to the fdic and ots that prompted a `` run '' on indymac ? what was the underlying cause of the failure on indymac ? what was the name of the bridge bank established to assume control of indymac bank 's assets , liabilities and deposit accounts ? what is the maximum amount of funds the fdic guarantees in insured accounts ? how many indymac account holders held funds in excess of the fdic 's insured amount of us$ 100,000 ? on what date did the fdic put indymac bank into conservatorship ? on what date did the fdic plan to open indymac federal bank , fsb ? how many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008 ? who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in march 2008 and was sold in a fire-sale to jp morgan chase ? when did the financial institution crisis hit its peak ? when did lehman 's former ceo appear before representative henry a. waxman ? what firm filed the largest bankruptcy in u.s. history ? the equivalent of a bank run on which funds occurred in september 2008 ? what do money market funds frequently invest in ? when did the financial crisis hit its most critical stage ? how much was withdrawn from money markets during one week in september 2008 ? what was the record high for the ted spread on october 10 , 2008 ? economist paul krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system ? what is the system with nearly equal the importance of traditional commercial banking ? the shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations without the ability to obtain which funds ? what was timothy geithner 's position during the fall of 2008 ? how much of the u.s. lending mechanism was frozen until june 2009 ? what is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing ? what institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism ? what is likely to vanish forever , as a result of excessively loose credit conditions ? as of june 2009 , the brookings institution reports that traditional banking system does not have enough of what to close the lending gap ? how much net worth did americans lose between june 2007 and november 2008 ? in november 2008 , how much was the u.s. stock index down from its 2007 high ? in november 2008 , how much had housing prices drop from their 2006 peak ? how much was home equity valued in the united states at its peak in 2006 ? how much was home equity valued in the united states in mid-2008 ? according to economist dean baker , a homeowner who has no equity if this type default risk ? what is one of the major problems with the economy in november 2008 ? how many homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago , have little no equity as of november 2008 ? what does the creditworthiness of businesses depend on ? how did profit prospects for businesses look in november 2008 compared to november 2007 ? in 2008 , what type collapse was feared ? what investment bank stated on october 6 that 2008 would see a global recession lasting for at least two years ? on october 16 , 2008 , how long did ubs predict the united states ' recession would last ? relative to the size of its economy , what country 's banking collapse was the largest experienced by any country in economic history ? what was one of the actions taken by government to fix the financial crisis ? according to the brookings institution report in june 2009 , how much growth did u.s. consumption account for between 2000 and 2007 ? for the first quarter of 2009 , what was the annualized rate of decline in gdp in germany ? for the first quarter of 2009 , what was the annualized rate of decline in gdp in mexico ? who depended on the u.s. consumer as a source of global demand ? what is one reason for the decline in growth around the world in 2009 ? what is the growth forecast for cambodia in 2009 ? how much were remittances sent from migrant workers in 2007 ? how many people live below the poverty line in bangladesh ? what does bruno wenn of the german deg recommend to attract new investors ? according to overseas development institute , what is one reason for the reduction in growth in developing countries ? what area of the world was less severely affected by the credit crunch according to the world bank report in february 2009 ? what does the abbreviation fdi stand for ? arab countries entered the financial crisis in exceptionally strong positions giving them a cushion against this ? what will have the greatest impact on the global economic crisis ? what is the single most important determinant of economic performance ? what was the u.s. unemployment rate in october 2009 ? what was the average hours per work week in october 2009 ? what was the annual rate of decrease for the output of goods and services produced by labor and property in 4q 2008 and 1q 2009 ? the u.e. employment rate was 10.2 % in october 2009 , which was the highest rate since what year ? the decline of gross domestic product also caused a decline in innovation , evidenced by the flat-lining of what ? critics argue that basel iii does n't address which problem ? what term describes creating risk-free assets out of high risk collateral ? what did european regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks ? who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments ? what was increased by basel iii regulations ? when did the u.s. recession that began in december 2007 end ? when did the financial crisis appear to have ended ? when does the united states financial crisis inquiry commission date the crisis to ? what was the name of the article that appeared in time magazine in april 2009 declaring the crisis over ? on what date did president barack obama declare that the markets are stabilized ? who led global economic growth after the financial crisis ? how much global gdp did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014 ? what relationship between advanced and emerging/developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of 2007 ? how much global gdp did `` advanced '' economies account for from 2007 to 2014 ? what economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis ? who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that u.s. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis ? when did xudong an and anthony b. sanders issue a report about commercial mortgage-backed securities ? according to business journalist kimberly amadeo , when did the first signs of decline in real estate occur ? what are cmbs ? according to most analysts , what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate ? what is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies ? how much was invested worldwide in fixed income investments ? how much did the pool of money invested worldwide in fixed income investments grow in size from 2000 to 2007 ? what is an example of a product wall street invented to answer the demand for income generating investments ? in the 2000s , investors were seeking higher yields than those offered by this investment ? what is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime ? what was the outcome of collateralized debt obligations ? what type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies ? what type pool do collateralized debt obligations place their payments from mortgages into ? what securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return ? how much had average u.s. housing prices declined by september 2008 ? when was the peak of u.s. housing prices ? how many foreclosure proceedings were initiated by lenders in 2007 ? what was the percentage increase on foreclosure proceedings from 2007 to 2008 ? how many u.s. mortgages were either delinquent or in foreclosure by september 2009 ? was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the federal reserve in 2003 ? what is one reason the federal reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0 % in 2003 ? in the early 2000s , what type bubble did some economists believe the fed needed to create to replace the nasdaq bubble ? what contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007 ? what encouraged borrowing from 2000 to 2003 ? per bernanke , how much did the u.s. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004 ? what percentage of gdp was the u.s. current account deficit in 2004 ? what emerging economies did the u.s. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports ? what type account is needed by the u.s. to balance an account deficit ? where did the u.s. obtain capital to finance its imports ? when did the fed begin raising fed funds rate significantly ? what does arm stand for : how do asset prices generally move in relation to interest rates ? beginning in july 2004 , what did the fed do to make arm rates more expensive for homeowners ? how did u.s. housing and financial assets react to the housing bubble burst ? richard m. bowen iii testified to the financial crisis inquiry commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution ? how many underwriters was richard m. bowen iii responsible for at citigroup ? what percent of mortgages purchased by citigroup in 2006 were defective ? in 2006 , how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet citi 's standards ? during 2007 , what was the percent of defective mortgages not underwritten to citi 's standards ? who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company ? according to clayton holdings , how many mortgages issued from january 2006 to june 2007 met underwriting standards ? how many investment and commercial banks were included in clayton holdings ' analysis of january 2006 to june 2007 loans ? per clayton 's analysis of loans issued from january 2006 to june 2007 , what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer ? how many mortgage loans did clayton holdings review in their analysis ? what is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans ? what company used a classic bait-and-switch method by advertising low interest rates ? which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1 % or 1.5 % interest rate loan as advertised ? what was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid ? what type predatory lending method did countrywide financial use ? who sued countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising ? what type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments ? what happened to home equity when housing prices decreased ? who made the decision to seize countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated ? what type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from countrywide have ? what economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation ? who was the u.s. treasury secretary dealing with the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007 ? which group 's study suggested that basel accords encourage unconventional business practices ? it has been argued that what did not keep up with financial innovation ? what accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis ? what did financial institutions do prior to the crisis ? what type financial instruments are off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives ? who bailed out financial institutions ? which option was nearly impossible for financial institutions to reorganize under ? what are the type financial instruments that were difficult for creditors and regulators to monitor ? how many u.s. investment banks significantly increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007 ? u.s. investment banks increased their financial leverage and also increased their vulnerability to what ? changes in what intended to keep u.s. banks competitive with their european counterparts ? how much debt did the top five u.s. investment banks report in fiscal year 2007 ? what financial institution went bankrupt and was liquidated in 2007 ? what is an example of something that can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior ? what is it called when too many consumers attempt to save or pay down debt at the same time ? what will happen if too many consumers save or pay down debt simultaneously ? who is the economist who described a `` paradox of deleveraging '' ? financial institutions can not all de-leverage simultaneously without a decline in the value of this ? who was the u.s. federal reserve vice-chair in april 2009 ? what happened soon after the massive credit crunch hit ? what deepened the credit crunch when demand and employment fell ? what was one of the actions businesses took to preserve cash ? what occurred in nearly every corner of the economy after the financial crisis of 2007 ? what term refers to the ongoing development of financial products ? what is an example of financial innovation pertinent to the financial crisis ? what is the abbreviation for a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps ? what is the financial innovation that bundles subprime mortgages ? what happened to the usage of financial innovation products in the years leading up the financial crisis ? when did the issuance of cdo peak ? what was the estimated value of cdo issuance in q1 2004 ? what was the estimated value of cdo issuance at it 's peak in q1 2007 ? what percent of cdo assets were subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt in 2007 ? what was the estimated value of cdo issuance in q1 2008 ? which products created more complexity in the financial markets ? what effect did the introduction of innovative financial products have on a single mortgage ? what did institutions rely more on as increasing distance from underlying assets occurred ? what is a type of indirect information that financial institutions and investors used to judge the risk ? in what year did a group of computer scientists build a model for ratings produced by rating agencies that turned out to be accurate for what happened in 2006-2008 ? what is a measurement of pricing of risk ? what is the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on addition risk called ? according to several scholars , what prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis ? how should risk levels have been disclosed according to several scholars ? what was the outcome of the financial crisis since risk levels were not adequately disclosed ? what did market participants fail to measure accurately ? what are the reasons market participants did not understand the impact financial innovation products would have ? how much did jpmorgan estimate was the average recovery rate for high quality cdos that had been liquidated ? how much did jpmorgan estimate was the average recovery rate for mezzanine cdos that had been liquidated ? how much did banks estimate was the value of cdos sold between late 2005 to the middle of 2007 ? what firm insured obligations of various financial institutions using credit default swaps ? what does the abbreviation cds stand for ? when did the government take over aig ? how much money did taxpayers provide in government support to aig during 2008 and early 2009 ? what did aig receive for promising to pay party a in the event that party b defaulted ? who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when products became so complicated that risk could not be accurately calculated ? what happened to financial assets that made them harder to value ? who did rating agencies rely on for information to rate financial innovation products ? when authorities could no longer calculate the risks of complex financial innovation products , who did they rely on for information ? who reassured investors by showing the risk of complex financial innovation products was actually less than they proved to be ? who published `` credit correlation : life after copulas '' in 2007 ? when did relevant warnings and research on cdos appear in an article by donnelly and embrechts ? the volume `` credit correlation : life after copulas '' summarizes a 2006 conference held by what firm in london ? what did the volume `` credit correlation : life after copulas '' propose models to rectify ? what year did the book by brigo , pallavicini and torresetti report warnings and research on cdos ? who was president and ceo of the new york federal reserve bank in june 2008 ? what year did timothy geithner become u.s. treasury secretary ? in a june 2008 speech , timoty geithner placed blame for credit market freezing on which system ? what is the `` parallel '' banking system also called ? what is the term defined as being vulnerable by borrowing short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term illiquid and risky assets ? when did the securitization markets supported by the shadow banking systems start to close down ? when did the securitization markets supported by the shadow banking system nearly shut-down completely ? how much of the private credit markets become unavailable as a source of funds ? what is the firm who reported that the traditional banking system does not have capital to close the gap as of june 2009 ? how many years would of strong profit would it take to generate enough capital to support additional lending ? what economist testified to the financial crisis inquiry commission in january 2010 ? in january 2010 , what markets did mark zandi testify about that remain impaired and investors anticipate more loan losses ? what was the value of cdos at their peak in 2006 ? what was the private issuance of cdos in 2009 ? almost all of the asset-backed issuance in 2009 was supported by what federal reserve program ? following the collapse in the housing bubble , what happened to a number of commodity prices ? how much did the price of oil increase from early 2007 to 2008 ? what did the price of oil began doing when the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008 ? what is one of the reasons experts believe contributed to the volatilaty in oil prices in 2008 ? consumers tend to have less money to spend on other goods , when the price of which commodity is higher ? who was the former director of the cftc that testified before the senate committee on commerce , science , and transportation on june 3 , 2008 ? who did michael greenberger erronesously name as a key player in speculative run-up of oil futures ? who founded the atlanta-based intercontinental exchange ? who purchased the international petroleum exchange in 2001 ? where are regulated future exchanges located ? who is one of the feminist economists that believe the financial crisis revealed a crisis of mainstream economics and call for a complete reshaping of the economy ? feminist economists ailsa mckay and margunn bjornhold believe that the financial crisis and response reveal a crisis of ideas in this ? according to feminist economists mckay and bjornholt , would type economics should be included in a reshaping ? what do economists mckay and bjornholt want to occur in the economy , economic theory , and economics profession ? who was the current governor of the reserve bank of india that predicted the crisis in 2005 ? when did raghuram rajan become chief economist the the international monetary fund ? in 2005 , where did rajan deliver a controversial paper that was critical of the financial paper ? what was the name of raghuram rajan 's controversial paper delivered in 2005 ? what are risks called that generate severe adverse consequences with small probability but generous compensation the rest of the time ? who was one of the only mainstream economist to predict the financial crisis ? what did raghuram rajan speak of ? who credit 12 heterodox economists with predicting the crisis in his research credits ? how did the austrian economic school regard the crisis ? which former fed chair confessed in congressional testimony to being forced to return to lax monetary supply ? which magazine ran a cover story claiming that most economists failed to the the financial crisis ? the financial crisis of 2007 was the worst economic crisis since which crisis that occurred in the 1930s ? which school at university of pennsylvania examined in their online business journal why economists failed to predict the crisis ? which economist did the new york times state warned of a crisis as early as september 2006 ? what was economist roubini called by the new york times for predicting a collapse of the housing market ? who wrote the 2007 book the black swan ? what journalist from the new york times stated his believe in nassim nicholas taleb ? what did nassim nicholas taleb warn about for years prior to the financial crisis of 2007 ? what did nassim nicholas taleb make a fortune on by making a big financial bet ? who is the market strategist that believes distinctions exist between the current crisis and the great depression ? how much did the dow jones average fall during a period of 17 months ? what was the percentage the dow jones fell in the great depression ? who was the chief financial correspondent of the new york times in march 2009 ? which medium sized british bank was the first victim of the financial crisis ? who did northern rock request security from ? when did northern rock investors panic and a bank run begin ? when was northern rock taken into public hands ? which bank early problems in 2007 were an indicator of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions ? indymac often made loans without verifying what ? what was questionable on indymac 's underlying collateral ? indymac gave loans to borrower 's with what type credit histories ? indymac offered this type of questionable loans to borrowers ? indymac resisted efforts by regulators to tighten this criteria of their loans ? how many of the poorest families did not have any wealth decline during the financial crisis ? in a federal reserve survey of 4,000 households , what percent reported wealth decline between 2007 and 2009 ? how many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009 ? how many families at the bottom of the pyramid had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009 ? which families experienced the least decline in wealth between 2007 and 2009 ? on november 3 , 2008 , who predicted extremely weak gdp growth for the eurozone in 2009 ? how much did the european commission estimate the gdp growth for eurozone countries would be in 2009 ? how much did the european commission estimate the gdp growth for the uk would be in 2009 ? on november 6 , in washington , d.c. , who predicted a worldwide recession for 2009 ? on november 5 , 2008 , the bank of england reduced their interest rate from 4.5 % to what ? what have central banks around the world done to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral ? what have governments done to offset the reduction in private sector demand ? what is the u.s. federal reserve 's traditional role during a crisis ? what did the u.s. federal reserve do to increase access to liquidity ? what type decline does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to ? what brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse ? how much government debt and troubled private assets did central banks purchase during the last quarter of 2008 ? how much preferred stock did governments of european nations and the usa purchase in their major banks ? in october 2010 , who was the nobel laureate that explained how the u.s. federal reserve was creating currency to combat the liquidity trap ? what did the banks chose to do with the money created by the federal reserve instead of financing more domestic loans and refinancing mortgages ? what was introduced by president barack obama in june 2009 ? what was one of the items important to consumers that was addressed by the new regulatory proposals introduced in june 2009 ? regulations were proposed by obama in january 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading ? who were proposed new regulations called `` the volcker rule '' named after ? who publicly argued for changes limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading ? when did the u.s. senate first pass a financial reform bill ? when did the u.s. house first pass a financial reform bill ? what rule against proprietary trading was not part of legislation passed by either the senate or house ? which bill gave regulators the discretion to prohibit proprietary trades ? what action in 2007 by national governments prevented the collapse of large financial institutions ? how much estimated consumer wealth was lost as a result of the financial crisis of 2007 ? what is the date the active phase of the financial crisis began as a liquidity crisis ? what year did the global recession that followed the financial crisis of 2007 end ? what was the name of the company that terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds in 2007 citing a liquidity crisis ? what year did the u.s. housing bubble peak ? what year did congress pass the american recover and reinvestment act ? overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages was based on the theory that housing prices would continue to do this ? one of the causes of the financial crisis was easier access to loans by this type borrower ? in 2007 , banks and insurance companies did not have adequate holdings of which type to back their financial commitments ? what is the name of the u.s. senate report giving their conclusions for the cause of the crisis ? which act was repealed in 1999 effectively removing the separation between investment and deposit banks ? what is the name of the commission who concluded the financial crisis was avoidable ? what agency failed to accurately price risk involved in mortgage-related financial products ? what practices should have been adjusted by governments to address 21st-century financial markets ? what are mbs as related to the housing and credit booms ? what are cdo as related to the housing and credit booms ? when housing prices declined , who reported significant losses from being heavily invested in subprime mbs ? who could invest in the u.s. housing market through mbs and cdo ? mbs and cdo derive their value from ? how much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices ? what is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan ? what year did the foreclosure epidemic begin ? what other financial instruments had significant defaults and losses as a result of the crisis expanding from housing to other parts of the economy ? what continues to drain consumer wealth and erode the strength of banks ? what institutions comprise the shadow banking system ? what institutions are not subject to the same regulations as commercial banks ? what process caused the financial system to both expand and become fragile ? what policy has u.s. government emphasized from the 1970 's onward ? since the 1970 's , what has emphasized deregulation to encourage business , but resulted in less oversight and less disclosure ? some regulated banks did not have sufficient financial cushions in place to absorb what losses as a result of the financial crisis of 2007 ? what was a consequence of the large loan defaults and mbs losses in 2007 ? who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in commercial banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007 ? who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007 ? what impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007 ? when did the u.s. financial crisis inquiry commission report its findings ? what was one of the conclusions of the u.s. financial crisis inquiry commission regarding the financial crisis of 2007 ? what agency failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages contributing to the financial crisis of 2007 ? who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system ? which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk ? what caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards and approve riskier mortgages ? in what year were high underwriting standards relaxed ? what years were the worst mortgage loans originated ? what years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for gses ? who policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high standards prior to 2003 ? how many democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the financial crisis inquiry commission ? who claimed that the gse never purchased subprime loans - a claim that is widely disputed ? several reports written by various agencies concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis ? according to reports , which loans performed better than some loans securitized by private investment banks ? how many republican appointees wrote the minority report of the financial crisis inquiry commission ? how many estimated substandard loans did fannie and freddie have in 2008 ? what was the value of the estimated 13 million substandard loans held by fannie and freddie in 2008 ? which government-sponsored entities had massive risky loan purchases ? peter j. wallison believes that the one of the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to affordable housing policies by which agency in the 1990s ? how many ex-executives of fannie and freddie were named in the sec 's december 2011 securities fraud case ? who uncovered accounting discrepancies in fannie mae and freddie mac ? which administration called for investigation into the soundness of gses in the early and mid-2000s ? on what date did the house financial services committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding fannie mae and freddie mac ? what was the result of the house financial services committee on september 10 , 2003 regarding fannie mae and freddie mac ? who rebuked ofheo in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of fannie mae and freddie mac ? what was the value of mortgage lending made by community reinvestment act covered lenders to low and mid level income borrowers and neighborhoods from 1993-1998 ? what percent of mortgage lending was made by community reinvestment act covered lenders from 1993 to 1998 ? what does cra stand for ? what percent of sub-prime lending occurred at cra-covered institutions in the run-up to the financial crisis ? what percent of sub-prime loans had some connection with cra in the run-up to the financial crisis ? when did cra make rule changes to relax underwriting standards ? how much were cra loan commitments between 1994 and 2007 ? what was the federal reserve 's assumption regarding what makes a loan subprime ? how did the federal reserve classify cra loans ? when were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the federal reserve ? what financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers ? credit default swaps , collateralized debt obligations and cdos are all types of what ? which magazine had an article where michael lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans ? what financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers ? what are some names of derivatives ? peter j. wallison believes that the huge number of these loans led to the financial crisis ? what type downpayments do substandard loans generally have ? according to peter j. wallison , why did the u.s. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis ? other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years ? peter j. wallison 's conclusions regarding the financial crisis are not in agreement with this economist 's views ? how many miles east of puerto rico is st. barts ? what lies between st. barts and saint martin island ? what does `` roques '' mean in english ? st. barts is one of the what group of islands ? what is île frégate in relation to st barts ? what are the people of st. barts called ? what is the native language of st. barts ? about how many people speak patois french in st. barts ? of what nation do the people of st. barts claim citizenship ? how does the determination between patois and creole french usually determined ? what island besides st. barts was granted com status by france in 2007 ? how many years does a president have in office in st. barts ? when was the last election held for the executive council positions ? when did the com status for st. barts take effect ? how many people are on the territorial council ? when was the last senate election in st. barts ? what organization did st. barts become a part of in 2012 ? how many senators represent st. barts in france ? what year was the first senate election held for the st. barts ? how many policemen does the french government pay for on st. barts ? what is often difficult on the island ? what is grown in patches on the island ? what seasoning is found naturally on the island ? what type of activity did early settlers use to get food that did n't involve farming ? what is the name of the main commercial port in st. barts ? st. barts is considered a playground for whom ? how many tourists visit st. barts each year ? what is the highest propoerty value recorded in st. barts ? what besides investment is responsible for the high standard of living on the island ? besides boats how does st. barts import most of its food ? about how many hotels does st. barts have ? how many rooms does the largest hotel in st. barts have ? which country besides brazil does st. barts import its labor force from ? how many rooms does the most expensive hotel on the island have ? about how many villas are available for rent in st. barts ? what types of plants are usually found at st. barts ? which half of the island is usually greener due to more rainfall ? a 1994 found how many different species of plants native to the island ? what besides palm trees is a common plant to see in st. barts ? where was the coconut palm brought to st. barts from ? what plant was brought to st. barts from the mediterranean ? what is the name of the night blooming flower on st. barts ? where was the plant yellow bell brought from ? when did the british army invade the island ? what type of fig grows on the island ? when is the end of the dolphin migration period in st. barts ? when is the beggining of the whale migration season ? what protected species is a common sight along the beaches of st. barts ? what is the favorite prey of leatherback sea turtles ? where do green turtles live ? what color are conch shells ? what common sea creature produces a collectable item ? where are surgeonfish found in st. barts ? what kind of crabs besides hermit crabs are common on the beach in st. barts ? what do hermit crabs eat ? how many hectares does the marine preserve cover ? what general species of animal was the marine reserve designed to protect ? what is prohibited in all zones of the marine reserve at st. barts ? what is the sea life reserve named at st. barts ? colombier bay has what type of helpful structures placed in the water ? who built the three forts on st. barts ? what was the former name of fort oscar ? when was fort gustav built ? most of the forts in st. barts are now all what ? on what part of the island is fort oscar located on the far side of ? how many restaurants does the island have ? where are most of the nice restaurants located ? what do the french call snack restaurants besides les snacks ? creole food is often what ? what type of cuisine related events does the island host each year ? how often is the ag2r race held ? where does the ag2r originate from ? what type of vehicles participate in the ag2r race ? what is the size requirement for entry into the ag2r race ? how many people are in the vehicle for the ag2r race ? where is the airport located on the island ? what other than small commercial aircraft can land at the airport on st. barts ? what is the name of the nearest large commercial airport ? what island is the nearest major airport located on ? what is the name of the airport in st. barts ? what country is saint-barthélemy a collectivity of ? what is the french abbreviation for saint-barthélemy ? in what language is saint-barthélemy abbreviate st. barts ? what did the native peoples of saint-barthélemy call the island ? in which direction is puerto rico from the island of saint-barthélemy ? what kind of island is st. barts ? what is the population of st. barts ? what is the capital of st. barts ? what country besides france had colonies on the island for a substantial period of time ? when is the busiest time for tourism in st. barts ? st. barts was formerly a part of what french commune ? when did the residents of st. barts file for separation from guadeloupe ? when did st. barts finally received its independence ? what is the current name of the building in st. barts that serves as town hall ? who officially represents st. barts in french legislation ? what is the name of the deepest bay at st barts ? grande saline bay provides docking for what kind of boats ? the north and east sides of st. barts are fringed by what ? reefs are almost always in what type of water ? some of the offshore reefs of st. barts are part of what ? how many public beaches are there in st. barts ? how many beaches in st. barts are suitable to swim in ? what is the portion of the island called that is protected from the sea by the island itself ? what is the portion of the island called that is open to the storms and high sea winds ? the windward side of st. barts is popular for what type of activity ? what type of climate does st. barts typically have ? how many hectares does the island have in total ? how much average rainfall does st. barts get per year ? when does summer end in st. barts ? what is the lowest nighttime temperature recorded at st. barts ? when did the british invade the harbour town in st. barts ? what year did the swedes add more buildings to the harbour town ? what was the port known as prior to the swedish occupation of st. barts ? what was the name of the port changed to after the swedish occupation ? what war occurred in the 18th century ? what is the english name of the historic museum in st. barts ? what is the french name for the historic museum in st. barts ? what town is the museum located in ? besides the french and swedish , who else occupied the island ? what type of houses are on display at the museum in st. barts ? in what fields of science is the genome studied ? what is the content of the human genome ? what constitutes the viral genome ? who coined the word genome ? in what year was the word genome first created ? at what university was hans winkler employed when he created the word genome ? which two similar words share etymology with genome ? a gamate has how many chromosomes relative to a somatic cell ? what process splits the chromosome between gametes ? what are two cellular organelles which contain genetic material ? what is the science that deals with the common genetic characteristics of related organisms called ? in contrast to genomics , genetics usually studies what ? what is the catalog of contents of a particular species ' genetic makeup ? what is the relation between the number of base pairs and total complement of genes in a species called ? which organism has the most genes ? how many genes is the trichomoniasis estimated to have ? relative to the human genome , how many more genes does trichomoniasis have ? who was the first person to sequence a viral genome ? which viral genome did fiers sequence ? who was first to sequence a dna-based genome ? what organization first sequenced a bacterial genome ? in what year was the archaeon genome sequenced ? which u.s. government agency keeps a large amount of information on genomes ? what is a mammal whose genome has been sequenced ? what is a fish whose genome has been sequenced ? when was the neanderthal 's genome sequenced ? how old in years was the material that was used to sequence the neanderthal genome ? what is a recent development in sequencing methods ? which company has led the way in sequencing of individual genetic makeup ? whose complete genetic information was recorded in 2007 ? what is watson famous for helping discover ? what is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome ? which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material ? whose genome map greatly aided the human genome project ? where did weissenbach and his colleagues work ? what is the term that accounts for the constituents of the haploid genome ? what aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about ? what two types of organisms have remarkable differences in their genomic composition ? what type of organizing can be observed in eukaryote genomes ? in what types of eukaryotes is there a large amount of non-coding dna ? what is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes ? what is an example of an organism whose full complement of genetic material resides in its chromosomes ? where is additional genetic material found in pathogenic microbes ? what are examples of classes of eukaryotes where genome only refers to the information found in chromosomes ? what is a name for the genetic material found within chloroplasts ? what is a name for the genetic makeup of mitochondria ? what is the name for the count of all dna base pairs in a single haploid genome ? what does genome size have a direct relationship with in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes ? what accounts for the breakdown of the relation between genome size and morphological complexity in higher eukaryotes ? what is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live ? in what experimental contexts are experiments being carried out on minimal genomes ? what are two types of non-repetitive dna ? in higher eukaryotes , what has an inverse relationship with genome size ? what is the size of non-repetitive dna divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive dna ? what is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive dna ? what are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive dna ? what is the percentage of non-repetitive dna in some plant and amphibian genomes ? what are two types of repetitive dna found in genomes ? what is found by dividing size of repetitive dna by length of total genome ? unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive dna ? what are two examples of tandem repeats in dna ? what is the most common type of repetitive dna in mammals ? what is the main source of interspersed repeats ? what do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes ? what are the constituents of class 1 transposable elements ? what are the constituents of class 2 transposable elements ? what kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons ? what is a term that can describe how dna transposons move ? dna transposons do not use which genetic material used by class 1 tes ? what is another word for the total count of chromosomes ? aside from karyotype , what are other genomic traits studied by scientists ? what type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is ? what is a possible product of duplications ? what is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome ? in which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly ? parts of which organelle genomes are thought to have ended up in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells via transfer ? what kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit ? what kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions ? what countries used comprehensive schools extensively ? how many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in england ? what is the german analogue of the comprehensive school ? what are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools ? what two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education ? which types of school projects have called the model of comprehensive schools into question ? how many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in england and wales ? in what year were comprehensive schools first created ? what is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school 's intake ? what are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools ? in what decade did finland begin employing comprehensive schools ? what age ranges does finnish comprehensive school cover ? what type of school is the gesamtschule ? what kinds of courses are offered to students who are not experiencing academic success ? what are the different kinds of certificates that gesamtschule students can earn ? what percentage of brandenburg students went to a gesamtschule in 2007 ? what percentage of bavarian students went to a gesamtschule in 2007 ? what was the combination of hauptschulen with realschulen and gesamtschulen called in hamburg ? what was the combination of hauptschulen with realschulen and gesamtschulen called in berlin ? in what school year were hauptschulen first combined with realschulen and gesamtschulen ? what kind of classes are not offered in mittelschule ? what certificate is not available to mittelschule students ? what kind of school is not available in some parts of germany ? what type of misconduct have comprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in ? which german minister criticized comprehensive schools ' ability to help students succeed ? which german politician defended comprehensive schools ? which party does barbara sommer belong to ? which party does sigrid beer belong to ? who could be made vulnerable by the gasemtschulen ? from what group does an achievement gap separate working class students at comprehensive schools ? at which school do students achieve the least success ? who conducted a study on comprehensive schools ? to which system did fend compare comprehensive school alumni ? when was the first comprehensive school opened in gibraltar ? where can students go after finishing comprehensive school in gibraltar ? what examinations do students prepare for in the sixth form ? when did ireland first open comprehensive schools ? who was responsible for creating comprehensive schools in ireland ? what was the only state-run educational system in ireland prior to comprehensive schools ? what type of school has surpassed comprehensive schools in ireland ? in what decade were community schools conceived ? who owns the land on which irish comprehensive schools are found ? what did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model ? what is a term for a grouping of local schools that can not exist independently ? in what year was the walworth school established ? who established the walworth school ? what comprehensive school was established in anglesey ? when was holyhead county school established ? which comprehensive school openend in coventry ? who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965 ? what was anthony crosland 's role in government ? which type of school was not in widespread usage ? who was made secretary of state for education in 1970 ? what kind of school did thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to ? what party was in power when margaret thatcher was made secretary of state for education ? by what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use ? what did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become ? grammar schools that did not close were converted to what ? what are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s ? who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976 ? what is the only kind of school operating in wales ? which political party was james callaghan a member of ? what law enables parents full control over their child 's education ? in what year was the education reform act made into law ? what concept does the government currently support for education ? parental choice has informed what controversial practice ? all public primary and secondary schools in scotland are of what type ? what has scotland refused to adopt ? when was scotland 's latest rejection of the specialist school model ? which country is northern england 's school system most different from ? which countries have school systems somewhat similar to northern ireland ? what is the french term for the republic of the congo ? which country lies on congo 's northeast border ? whic country lies on congo 's western border ? which country lies on congo 's northwest border ? in what part of africa is the congo located ? what language was spoken in the area that became the congo ? when did the congo gain its independence from colonial rule ? who is the ruler of the congo ? what title does nguesso hold ? what is the congo 's rank among other oil generating nations in the gulf of guinea ? what income is subject to uneven distribution in the congo ? what group of people were living in the area that would become the congo prior to the arrival of bantu tribes ? when did bantu tribes arrive in the area formerly populated by the pygmy people ? the bakongo were a group derived from which tribes ? whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the congo river in 1484 ? what was diogo cao 's nationality ? what did european traders exchange with bantu people ? when did formal colonization of the congo river delta begin ? colonization reduced the power of what groups in the congo river basin ? when did the french take control of the region to the north of the congo river ? who brokered a traty with the makoko people ? what was the french congo 's name changed to in 1903 ? what group of french colonies was created in 1908 ? how many people are estimated to have died as a result of the creation of the congo-ocean railroad ? what served as the capital of france in spirit during the occupation ? what meeting brought about changes in france 's policy towards its colonies ? when did brazzaville get its own local government ? what did the 1946 constitution establish brazzaville as ? when was the fifth republic founded ? what was disbanded in 1958 ? in 1958 , what did the middle congo change its name to ? when did the congo establish its first constitution ? on what date was the congo made fully independent from colonial rule ? who was the first leader of the independent congo ? who replaced youlou ? who were responsible for the revolts that ended with youlou 's removal ? who took control of the company during the transition from youlou to debat ? who became president of the congo in 1963 ? what was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the congo under massamba-debat ? soldiers from which country were brought to the congo ? when did massamba-debat lose power in the congo ? who became president of the congo in 1968 ? what did the congo 's name become under ngouabi ? what did the national revolutionary movement 's name become ? in what year was a coup attempted against ngouabi ? on what date was ngouabi assassinated ? which group of nations did nguesso side the congo with ? which eastern bloc nation did nguesso sign a pact with ? what is a word that can be used to describe sassou 's type of government ? what was an important tool of the sassou government ? who was elected president of the congo in 1992 ? who supported the measures of liberalisation lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy ? what interrupted the renewal of the imf agreement with the congo ? what does esaf stand for ? which two figures clashed over leadership of the congo in 1997 ? what is the name of sassou 's personal army ? what nationality were the forces that invaded the congo to assist sassou in taking control of the country ? in what month did sassou regain the presidency ? which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters ? how long did the presidential term become under the new constitution ? when was the new constitution ratified ? when was an end brought to the fighting between the government and ntumi 's rebels ? who won the presidential election in 2009 ? which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009 ? what kind of turnout did the congolese observatory of human rights experience in the 2009 elections ? what kind of political system has existed in congo-brazzaville since the '90s ? which party does sassou belong to ? what is the french term for sassou 's political party ? what has sassou 's regime attempted to censor ? what country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the sassou regime ? when did sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution ? which term did the new constitution allow sassou to pursue ? who controlled the media in the congo in 2008 how many government tv stations exist ? how many smaller stations exist that are not government-run ? who is considered to own members of the pygmies ? the treatment of pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what ? when did the government of the congo pass a law to assist indigenous people ? between which two lines of latitude is the congo located ? between which two lines of longitude is the congo located ? what ocean connects to the congo ? which country lies southwest of the congo ? what is another name for cabinda ? what is the capital of the congo ? on what river can brazzaville be found ? what lies directly across the congo river from brazzaville ? what country does kinshasa serve as capital of ? what kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the congo ? which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the congo ? the middle of the country features what kind of geography ? what areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain ? on what major line of latitude is the congo located ? what is the average temperature in the congo when the sun is up ? what is the average temperature range in the congo during the night time ? when does the congo experience dry season ? which group studied gorillas in 2006-07 ? what region is home to the gorillas studied by the wildlife conservation society ? what was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans ? what is the focus of the congo 's industrial production ? what are two issues in the congolese government ? what did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy ? what percentage of the congo 's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008 ? what percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008 ? what did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s ? what was the congo 's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s ? by how much were franc zone currencies devalued in january of 1994 ? how much inflation did the congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the franc ? what caused reform efforts to cease in 1997 ? what are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war ? when did military conflict resume in the congo ? what are two economic issues faced by the congolese government ? what two exports has the congo begun producing recently ? when was the congo allowed back into the kimberley process ? what precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the republic of the congo ? what business organization is the congo a member of ? how much land did the congolese government agree to lease to south africans in 2009 ? what forms of transport are available in the congo ? when was the congo 's train system built ? what is a common destination outside of africa for congolese airlines ? on what ocean is a major port located ? in what part of the country can most of the congo 's citizens be found ? how long is the track connecting brazzaville and pointe-noire ? how many languages are used in the congo ? what is the most populous ethnicity in the congo ? how much of the population is constituted by pygmies ? what percentage of the population of the congo is boulangui ? prior to the civil war in ' 97 , how many non-africans lived in the republic of the congo ? what was the dominant nationality among europeans living in the congo prior to the civil war ? how many americans live in the congo ? what is the most commonly practiced religion in the congo ? what percentage of congolese citizens identify as awakening lutherans ? what portion of the congolese population is protestant ? what is the percentage of muslims living in the congo ? who form the majority of islamic residents of the congo ? how much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004 ? what was the overall incidence of hiv or aids throughout the 15 to 49 year old population ? how much was spent per capita on health in 2004 as measured in us dollars ? for every 100,000 people , how many phyisicians were there in the congo in the early ' 00s ? as measured in 2010 , how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the congo ? what does fgm stand for ? how many infants die for every 1,000 live births ? public schooling is required for people under what age ? what was the school enrollment rate in 2005 ? what do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive ? what language is used in congolese schools ? what branch of government does the prime minister lead ? what group is the prime minister usually in charge of ? in some political models like semi-presidential systems , what does the prime minister manage ? what is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based ? what kind of role is the head of state in westminster-based parliamentary governments ? what is a central duty of the prime minister ? what is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers ? using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body ? what are two other job titles of the prime minister of the uk ? in addition to being prime minister , what other role did winston churchill serve during world war ii ? when was the title of prime minister first used ? who coined the term prime minister ? what country did richelieu serve as prime minister for ? who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister ? when did the modern usage of prime minister come into being ? who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense ? who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under henry viii ? who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under queen anne ? who served as the head minister under charles ii ? from whom did ministers derive their power ? who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet ? who are the two ministers used by queen anne simultaneously ? who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch ? what 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch ? what 1689 law contributed to parliament 's growing power ? what body was incorporated into the government as a result of the bill of rights ? the reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister ? in what year did queen anne die ? where was george i 's home ? for how long did robert walpole serve as prime minister ? what party did walpole belong to ? what concept took shape during walpole 's tenure as prime minister ? what would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy ? who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity ? aside from walpole , who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister ? which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy ? during whose government did prime minister first see use on official state documents ? when was the position of prime minister finally formalized ? in the u.s. and governments modeled on it , who holds executive power ? which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister ? when did khalifa first take the post of prime minister ? what country does khalifah serve for as prime minister ? greece , finland , romania and turkey use what kind of government ? in whic type of government is the leader elected ? what is the term for the head of china 's government ? what is another name for the republic of china ? whose consent is not required for the taiwanese premier to take office ? what is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties ? what can the french parliament cause in order to oust the prime minister ? which constitution details the role and abilities of the prime minister ? what other considerations are included in the constitution of bangladesh as regards the prime minister ? what is directly above the premier in the people 's republic of china ? what is the pinyin form of premier ? which law first referred to the prime minister in canada ? when was the constitution act passed ? the constitution act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers ? what document details the role and abilities given to the prime minister of the czech republic ? when was prime minister first mentioned in a government document in the uk ? who was the last prime minister to serve simultaneously as chancellor of the exchequer ? when did balfour last hold the titles of prime minister and chancellor of the exchequer ? which prime minister was appointed only one time ? when was thatcher appointed prime minister ? when did thatcher last hold power ? what did margaret thatcher reconfigure following each general election ? what is the name of the prime ministerial position in ireland ? from where is the irish prime minister usually selected ? when is the irish taoiseach renominated ? most parliamentary governments need to have the support of what governmental body ? which political division does not often utilize its power , if it has any ? what kind of referendum can the lower house of parliament take against the government ? who can put a stop the parliamentary attempts at dissovling itself in some areas ? if the head of state prevents the dissolution of parliament , what needs to happen ? in contemporary parliamentary governments , which official is usually in charge of asking parliament to dissolve ? when was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started ? in ireland , when was the power to dissolve parliament assigned to the prime minister ? the 1922 irish free state constitution previously gave what body the power to dissolve parliament ? what was the executive council an alternate name for ? what process signals the need for the prime minister to resign in australia ? what is the russian term for prime minister ? what is the israeli term for prime minister ? what is the term used in spain for prime minister ? what is the irish term for prime minister ? what is the italian term for the prime minister ? what is the native term for prime minister in scandinavia ? what is a term that is used to mean prime minister ? which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government ? what is the head of monaco 's government called ? what is the term for the highest position in government in vatican city ? what is the head of iran 's government called ? in what kinds of nations can the head of government attain the title of excellency ? what honorific title can be given to prime ministers in commonwealth nations ? what are british prime ministers part of that grants them the title right honourable ? what is an example of a country where prime ministers can be called right honourable solely because of their position ? what kind of government is in operation in the united kingdom ? what are the heads of government in wales , scotland and northern ireland called ? what is the indian term for prime minister ? what is the term for prime minister in pakistan ? what does wazir-e-azam mean in english ? what is the head of government 's office called in canada ? what is the head of government 's office called in the uk ? what 's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology ? in what century did the term polytechnic first show up ? what school founded in 1794 first used a form of the word polytechnic in its name ? what language does the french word polytechnique come from ? what word means the same thing as `` institute of technology '' ? what was the first institute of technology in the world ? what war led to the increased popularity of institutes of technology and polytechnics ? what was the founding name of the braunschweig university of technology ? in what year was the école polytechnique founded ? what kind of institutions do countries like germany and switzerland consider institutes of technology to be ? in what year were polytechnics in the uk given the university designation ? what is the name of the royal polytechnic institution now ? what street is the university of westminster on ? what term was used in some countries to describe select universities that focus on technological education in applied science and engineering ? what name did some universities switch to in the 1990s for marketing purposes ? what system were institutes of technology a part of during the seventies , eighties , and early nineties ? what 's the four-letter abbreviation for technically minded technical and further education institutes ? what is the new name of the northern melbourne institute of tafe ? tafe tasmania started a three-year restructuring in what year ? in australia , how many universities are recognized as universities of technology ? what 's the german word for a tertiary education institution ? in addition to bachelor 's degrees , what other kind of degree can one earn from a fachhochschule ? what term is used in belgium and the netherlands to refer to an institution like a german fachhochschule ? what term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it 's able to award master 's degrees ? how many institutes of technology in the netherlands have converted into full-fledged universities in the past few decades ? how many technical universities are there in the netherlands today ? what country has institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes from which students can earn certificates , diplomas , and degrees ? what are polytechnic divisions of national universities called in canada ? in what city is the école polytechnique de montréal located ? in addition to private equity and industry sources , what 's a third source of research funding for institutions of higher learning in canada ? what is canada 's national alliance of 11 research-focused schools called ? what kind of projects does polytechnics canada sponsor that can lead to technology commercialization ? in what year was the imperial tientsin university founded in china ? what was the first university to offer courses in liberal arts ? what portion of china 's elite universities still have a primary polytechnical focus today ? what year did croatia pass a law regarding polytechnic education ? what institution is in charge of tracking volcanic activity in the galápagos islands ? what observatory is the national observatory of ecuador ? what school oversees the quito astronomical observatory ? when was the quito astronomical observatory founded ? epn 's nuclear science department is among how many of its kind in ecuador ? if the mission is achieved , professionals will apply what they 've learned to what goal ? mit raised money to cover tuition , room and board for what number of students ? what 's the equivalent of universities of technology in french-speaking areas ? how many credits were needed for an m.sc .-lrb- tech . -rrb-degree before the bologna process ? how many credits were needed for an m.sc .from a traditional university prior to the bologna process ? in what country are polytechnic schools designated uniquely from academic universities ? what word means polytechnic school in finnish ? what 's the swedish word for a polytechnic school ? universities that encompass several engineering schools provide curricula in sciences and what other field ? what are an institute of technology called in france ? what 's the three-letter acronym for institut universitaire de technologie ? what 's the term in german for what those in french-speaking switzerland call haute école specialisée ? in eastern europe , what is the word for an institute of technology ? what century in france 's history included the french école polytechnique that influenced education systems in other countries ? what term in brasil and spain refers to a polytechnic institute ? fachhochschulen first came about in the early years of what decade ? fachhochschulen favor an education in what , as opposed to research ? in addition to technology , fachhochschulen offer courses in social science , medicine , design , and what other discipline ? what 's the abbreviation for a technische universität ? what 's the main focus of a technische universität ? which department 's faculty can be associated with university hospitals ? how many technische universitäten make up the tu9 german institutes of technology ? how many institutes of technology are there in germany ? what 's the approximate number of students in germany who are enrolled in a university of technology ? which german state has the highest ratio of universities of technology to standard universities ? what 's the joint project of tu clausthal , tu braunschweig , and the university of hanover called ? what 's the name of the act that changed how greek public institutes of technology were designated ? what was the very first polytechnic school in hong kong ? what was the original name of hong kong polytechnic ? in what year was the city polytechnic of hong kong founded ? what hong kong university was created in 1991 ? when did the two polytechnic schools in hong kong receive status as universities ? what kind of mining did the world 's first institute of technology prepare students for ? what 's the founding year of the first institute of technology ever ? who established the berg-schola ? how many private institutes of technology are there in india ? how many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in india ? what organization oversees india 's technical education institutions ? what 's the name of the diploma awarded in india for technical or vocational coursework ? how many government-owned public institutes of technology does indonesia have ? rather than four-year bachelor 's degrees , politeknik offer a diploma after how many years ? what was the original name of ireland 's institute of technology system ? what irish institute of technology evolved independently of the regional technical college system ? what term in higher education refers to technical universities that award engineering degrees ? traditionally , how many politecnici were there ? what city houses the headquarters of the istituto italiano di tecnologia ? what college was the forerunner for the engineering faculty at the university of tokyo ? what area of discipline do japan 's institutes of technology specialize in ? what country has operated polytechnic institutes for nearly 44 years ? what international organization partnered with malaysia 's ministry of education in 1969 ? in what city in the state of perak is the politeknik ungku omar located ? how many polytechnic institutes does malaysia have now ? how many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in malaysia in 2009 ? how many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in malaysia in 2012 ? what 's the name of mauritius 's sole technical university ? what 's the focus of mauritius 's university of technology 's specialized mission ? what country considers their polytechnics , universities , and colleges state-owned institutions ? what does ucol stand for ? in what year was the education act originally passed in new zealand ? what school did massey university combine with ? in what decade did new zealand 's tertiary education institutions begin consolidation ? what school considered a merger with waikato institute of technology that was later abandoned ? what island was waiarapa polytechnic located on before it merged with ucol ? what 's the only polytechnic school in new zealand to be designated a university ? in pakistan , a student 's tests in what grade determine their admission to a diploma program ? what are people being trained for , mainly , in pakistan 's polytechnic institutes ? how many years does it usually take to earn a diploma from polytechnic schools in pakistan ? what two-letter abbreviation is used for undergraduate engineering courses ? what 's pakistan 's program called that 's comparable to the british a level ? what word do they use in poland for an institute of technology ? what is the portuguese word for the short-cycle degrees awarded prior to 1988 ? what process was instituted in 2007 that brought master 's degrees to the polytechnic education system ? what 's the name of singapore 's centralized institute that students can attend before university ? how many polytechnics are there in singapore ? how many years of study would it take to obtain a degree from a polytechnic in singapore ? what queen set up the banská akadémia ? what year was the banská akadémia founded ? the banská akadémia was originally intended for training workers in what two precious metals ? what year did teaching start at the banská akadémia ? what are the university buildings still standing at the banská akadémia used for now ? what are polytechnics called in south africa ? what year did technikons gain the ability to give out technology degrees ? when did technikons start being integrated with traditional south african universities ? most institutes of technology in thailand were born out of what other type of institutions ? what type of degree were thailand 's technical colleges historically not allowed to confer ? what 's the new name of pathumwan technical school ? what did the thonburi technology institute become after its name change ? what was the previous name of rajamangala university of technology ? what is the name of thammasat university 's engineering school ? what is thailand 's only government-established and owned institute of technology ? what year was suranaree university of technology founded ? what is the name of the best-known private institute of technology in thailand ? what institute of technology opened in bursa in 2010 ? when konya technical university opens , how many total institutes of technology will there be in turkey and the ottoman empire ? what two cities in turkey acquired institutes of technology in the 1950s ? what year did uk polytechnics start functioning in a binary education system ? what organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools ? what two-word term does scotland use to describe their technological universities ? what was the first polytechnic in britain originally named ? how many institutes of science and technology were affiliated with the university of wales ? what was the name loughborough university was known by from 1966 to 1996 ? in what decade did colleges of technology gain the university designation ? what act allowed polytechnic schools to become universities ? the further and higher education act 1992 allows polytechnics to award degrees without what organization 's approval ? if a technical institute is affiliated with a local university , what does its designation become ? what century brought the advent of technical schools or technical institutes ? a student would attend a technical institute before a university or polytechnic but after what ? in what year was rensselaer polytechnic institute founded ? which of the three earliest technological universities was founded most recently , in 1861 ? what type of economy was technical education in venezuela intended to support ? when did venezuela begin to create institutes of technology ? what city in venezuela had the first iut ? who pioneered using the french system of technological education ? where does the information stored on the wayback machine come from ? which company made the wayback machine ? where is internet archive headquartered ? what individuals founded internet archive ? what is the term used by internet archive to describe the wayback machine ? what operating system is used on wayback machine 's servers ? when does wayback machine save a copy of a website ? what is the ultimate aim of the wayback machine ? what tv show served as inspiration for the wayback machine 's name ? which characters on the rocky and bullwinkle show used a device that allowed them to travel through time ? what was the machine used by mr. peabody and sherman named ? when was the program necessary to crawl and archive the web created ? what is a term used for programs that automatically visit websites and record the data they find ? what rule do crawlers abide by when determining which sites to record ? what site was created to mitigate issues with incomplete copies of websites ? what medium was originally used to keep internet archive 's data ? who were sometimes permitted to use the archive 's database ? at what milestone was the archive made public ? where was the event launching the publicly-available archive held ? what are the saved versions of a site called ? what is the minimum amount of time that elapses before most snapshots are released for viewing ? what term characterizes the rate at which snapshots are made of websites ? when did it become a requirement for websites to appear on open directory for inclusion in the archive ? who stated that sites not on open directory were still being saved but would not be released until the archive was reindexed ? when did kaplan make comments about the status of non-open directory sites ? in 2009 , what size did the data saved by wayback machine reach ? as of 2003 , what was the rate of increase in the amount of data recorded by the wayback machine ? where does wayback machine keep its information stored ? who makes petabox rack systems ? when did internet archive chance its platform for data storage ? which platform did internet archive adopt in 2009 ? where does internet archive run a datacenter ? when was an upgrade of the wayback machine released for testing ? when were details of the test version of the updated wayback machine released ? the older version of wayback machine did not have much new data past what year ? the newer version of the wayback machine included date up to and including what year ? what was the functionality called that gave users the ability to save a snapshot of a site ? when was save a page made available ? what 2009 court battle involved the wayback machine ? which company thought that wayback machine data was important for its argument ? what did chordiant request that the court deactivate on netbula 's website ? who did netbula believe was the entity that should be responsible for the availability of its snapshots ? which party did internet archive side with ? which judge presided over the netbula v. chordiant case ? in what jurisdiction was the netbula v. chordiant case tried ? which party won its argument regarding netbula 's robots.txt file ? what does telewizja polska operate ? what is echostar 's platform ? which judge denied telewizja polska 's attempt to block the use of internet archive contents as evidence ? which judge overturned keys ' ruling ? when are internet archive timestamps useful for patent offices ? what is an example of a condition that must be met for the internet archive data to be considered acceptable for submission to patent offices in the us and europe ? what kind of limitations exist in keeping copies of a website ? the omission of what element in screenshots can make them unreliable as evidence ? what elements of webpages are not used by wayback machine ? what kind of sites contain information that the wayback machine does not record ? what kinds of laws could the wayback machine be viewed as breaking in europe ? what would the internet archive have to do if requested by someone whose content is available on wayback machine ? in what part of the website are wayback machine 's rules regarding removing content ? web pages that contained content critical of what religous movement were taken off of the internet archive in 2002 ? who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of scientology removed from the internet archive ? who was the actual party that requested the critical sites be taken down ? which law firm leveraged wayback machine to protect their client in 2003 ? which company filed suit against harding , earley , follmer & frailey 's client ? who did healthcare advocates change their case to include as a defendant ? what laws did healthcare advocates accuse internet archive of having broken ? what kind of protocol is the robots exclusion standard ? what file is utilized to exercise the rights promoted by the robots exclusion standard ? if a site prevents internet archive from recording it , what file is still saved ? who asserts that they will respond to direct contacts requesting material be removed from the archive ? who sued internet archive in 2005 ? what was the url owned by suzanne shell ? in what jurisdiction were internet archive 's counterclaims filed ? in what jurisdiction where counterclaims nullified by the court ? when did suzanne shell 's suit against internet archive come to an end ? who stated that they had no wish to violate individuals ' copyrights ? who stated that they did not want to cause damage to the internet archive ? what was the first method used by the actor in trying to get his images taken down ? what legal system did the actor use after filing dmca petitions ? what are some other names the dutch republic is known by ? the dutch republic was a republic of europe during what time ? what republics did the dutch republic come before ? the low countries were made up of which present day countries ? which counties in the low countries were not ruled by the holy roman empire ? the majority of the low countries were ruled by which houses ? who issued the pragmatic sanction ? in what year did the netherlands rise up against philip ii ? why did the people of the netherlands rise up against philip ii ? in what year was the union of utrecht signed ? who signed the union of utrecht ? what was the declaration of independence of the provinces from philip ii called ? in what year was the act of abjuration signed ? what was the purpose of the union of utrecht ? in what year did the united provinces invite francis , duke of anjou to lead them ? in what year did francis , duke of anjou leave the netherlands ? when was william of orange assassinated ? who agreed to turn the united provinces into a protectorate of england ? in what year did the united provinces become a confederacy ? what events created the batavian republic ? the republican forces fled to which country ? the napoleonic kingdom of holland replaced which republic ? in what year did the netherlands gain independence from france ? what names were used in the anglo-dutch treaty of 1814 ? the kingdom of the netherlands was formed by which countries ? the dutch republic dominated world trade during what time ? what was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world during the 17th century ? when was the stock exchange founded in the netherlands ? which city in the netherlands has the oldest stock exchange ? the dutch east-india company inhabited how many cities ? which city did the dutch east-india company decide to reside in after a court decided they could legally only operate in one city ? the dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time ? the dutch operated a slave trade from which locations ? what was one of the conquests of the dutch navy ? the dutch republic consisted of how many provinces ? who were the generality lands governed by ? the states general was made up of what ? what was the 8th province of the dutch republic ? why was the county of drenthe denied representation by the states general ? the main executive official of the provincial states was called what ? who had more power during times of war than the raadspensionaris ? who commanded the army ? who appointed the stadtholders ? who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces ? which states had the same stadtholder as holland ? what group of people supported the stadtholders , particularly the princes of orange ? who wanted to replace the stadtholders with a republican structure ? several border territories were designated to the united provinces after what ? the border territories assigned to the united provinces were known as what ? what were the names of the border territories assigned to the united provinces ? who was in control of the dutch east india company -lrb- voc -rrb- and the dutch west india company -lrb- wic -rrb- ? some shipping expeditions were mostly initiated by which provinces ? who was influenced by the constitution of the republic of the united provinces ? who described the dutch confederacy as exhibiting `` imbecility in the government ; discord among the provinces ; foreign influence and indignities ; a precarious existence in peace , and peculiar calamities from war . '' the american declaration of independence is similar to what ? what granted holland and zeeland the right to accept only one religion ? what did the union state that every person should be free to choose ? who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite protestants and catholics in the new union ? what was forbidden in all provinces ? what did any person who wanted to hold public office need to conform to during the republic ? the degree to which different religions were persecuted depended on what ? what was the punishment for people who opened their homes to catholic services during 17th-century leiden ? what was one reason for the large amounts of immigration of religious refugees from other parts of europe ? what was the main subject of controversy that arose within the reformed church during the beginning of the republic ? the controversy surrounding the subject of predestination is known as what ? what led to the banning of the remonstrant faith in 1618 ? when did the active persecution of religious services become more of a restricted tolerance ? religious services for other religions were tolerated as long as they adhered to what rule ? what language does the word `` symbiosis '' come from ? what type of organism did frank apply the term `` symbiosis '' to ? what nationality was heinrich anton de bary ? how long did it take for scientists to stop using the narrow definition of symbiosis ? what is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms ca n't survive without each other ? what is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone ? what is an example of an obligate relationship ? what is an example of ectosymbiosis ? what is it called when the organisms are not physically joined ? what is it called when one symbiont lives within its partner ? what do bacterial endosymbionts give necessary nutrition to ? what is the name of a bacteria inside of tree roots ? what endosymbionts live in coral ? what organisms are described as living on the surface of whales ? name a parasitic ectosymbiont . what is another name for ectosymbiosis ? what is another term for mutualism ? of what duration are symbiotic relationships ? what type of relationship do herbivores have with the bacteria in their intestines ? what do coral and algae produce together ? how do plants contribute to terrestrial ecosystems ? what type of fungus draws liquid and minerals out of the earth ? what lives with ritteri sea anemones ? what prevents the clownfish from being stung ? what type of relationship do the clownfish and anemone have ? what species does this shrimp have a relationship with ? what part of the fish is used to signal danger ? what type of symbiosis seen between bryozoans and hermit crabs ? when were the worms found ? what does the bacteria give the worm ? what land is near the worms ' first known location ? what is given to the host cell ? what does the host make that affect its genes ? in what manner are the described genetic alternations given to future generations ? what is the main alteration in an endosymbiont when it adapts to a host ? what is the term that describes the way the endosymbiont ca n't go back to its original phenotype ? what does the article say could be the reason for the buildup of harmful mutations ? what language do the roots of `` commensal '' come from ? what type of symbiotic relationship helps one organism and does n't have a major affect on the other ? what is the term for a relationship where one organism provides a dwelling for the other ? what type of relationship is it when arachnids attach webs to dead plants ? in what type of relationship does an organism travel by means of another ? antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis are alternate names for what ? what is it called when organisms are lethal to their host ? what is it called when parasites need their host to live ? what proportion of animals go through a parasitic stage ? name a biotrophic organism . what is the name for the kind of symbiosis in which one organism is seriously harmed and there is no affect on the other ? what kinds of amensalism are there ? when a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs , what type of amensalism is it ? what does the black walnut give out that kills plants ? what organisms is the ibex in an amensalistic relationship with ? what does the spanish ibex eat ? what type of relationship is it when large animals crush small plants ? what type of relationship harms both organisms ? what is the ultimate result of synnecrosis ? how common is synnecrosis in the natural world ? why do bees sting even though it will kill them ? what far-reaching result do scientists think has come about from symbiosis with bacteria ? what are eukaryotes ? what does margulis think is the main driver of evolution ? who agrees with margulis ' cooperative view of evolution ? how big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators ? what did some plants produce when flowers became less simple ? what is the word for the kind of relationship in which a plant depend on a single type of insect ? what is the french name of the canadian armed forces ? what law constitutes the caf ? who are the caf supposed to protect ? what does cf stand for in this context ? how many sub components are there ? what act defines the caf ? who currently is the commander-in-chief of the canadian armed forces ? who represents queen elizabeth ii ? who leads the caf ? who advises the chief of the defence ? what war were the caf involved in ? what was the goal of the caf during the cold war ? what military thread did the caf protect against in europe ? apprimately since what year was the caf stationed in europe ? what year did the caf leave europe ? what treaty is the caf part of ? what type of operation is the canadian military involved in ? what country has the canadian military worked in the last years ? what year did the canadian military operation in afghanistan start ? where is the current focus of the canadian military set ? what is canada 's defense policy based on ? when was the canada first defence strategy introduced ? how many missions are carried out internally in canada ? what other location does the canada first defence strategy cover ? what other priority do the canadian armed forces also contribute too ? what is an example of another activity that the caf performs ? what other air force does the caf cooperate with ? what is one of the activities the caf works on with other countries ? what diplomatic effort does the caf perform as part of it 's duties ? what year was canada united in a confederation ? the forces of what countries did people serve before the unification ? what is one of the threats that faced them ? what american war threatened canada ? early on , what did they defend against with the british ? who initially had military command ? where was the commander-in-chief stationed ? when did the british army and royal navy withdraw from halifax ? the canadian armed forces were initially organized under what department ? when did the unification complete of all the canadian forces to be called the canadian army ? when was the first overseas deployment of the canadian military ? under what command did they serve ? when were canadian troops called upon to assist in europe ? what other european war were the canadian forces involved in ? what asian war were the canadian forces involved in ? how many operations has the canadian military been part of since 1947 ? how many operations have been completed by the canadian military internationally ? what are some of the wars the canadian military was involved in ? what peace keeping effort is the canadian military part of ? what type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the cuban crisis ? what famous world war ii battle was the canadian military part of ? what effort was the canadian military known for in germany ? what battle in france was the canadian military known for ? what country was the latest canadian military effort ? canada had which biggest army during the second world war ? what country fell providing with more information on canada 's army size ? which other country had a sizable naval army ? when did the canadian armed forced become to be ? what does the canadian armed forces mostly consist of ? what prevented canada from fully having their own army at the start ? when did canada gain independence from the united kingdom ? what war aided canadian legislative independence ? what is the old name of the canadian forces ? when did the canadian armed forces name cease to be ? when was the canadian armed forces name reintroduced ? what was the new name of the canadian armed forces ? what forces were sent out in support of peacekeeping ? until when were canadian forces in afghanistan ? what force were the canadians part of in afghanistan ? who requested the aid of the canadians ? what type of operations were mainly done by canadian forces ? what is today 's annual cost of the canadian forces ? how are the canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military ? what is the total force of the canadian forces ? by what date is the primary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000 ? what is the total amount of canadian forces estimated to be in 2020 ? what was the effort called to upgrade the canadian forces ? how were the canadian forces upgraded in 2008 ? what major problem is the caf trying to address currently ? what equipment was acquired to aid in afghanistan ? what large transport plane is part of the caf mission ? what new type of helicopter was recently acquired ? when was the renewal and re-equipment effort started ? what roles were women recruited for in the 1950s ? what year did further recruitment for women open in the caf ? what non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1970s ? why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the caf ? what charter directly affected a women 's right to serve in the caf ? name some of the jobs in the caf off limits to women in the 1980s . on what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement ? who created an office to study these effects ? what was the study called ? what year were most military occupations opened to women ? what military occupation was n't opened to women until the 2000s ? by how much did opening these jobs to women increase the recruiting pool by ? which government was responsible in canadian history for this fact ? what is a requirement for equipment for the caf ? what are some of the equipment used by both men and women ? what special entitlement are women provided as part of their service ? what is the hierarchy of the canadian armed forces ? what determines who is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces ? who does the commander-in-chief authorize to make decision regarding the armed forces for them ? what orders fall under the royal prerogative ? who must sign these orders for them to be valid ? who 's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders ? the armed forces has approximately how many members ? who is the highest ranking member of the armed forces ? who appoints the chief of the defence ? what location does the national defense operate out of ? what are some of the members of the armed forces council ? how many canadian forces bases are there in canada ? where do canadian forces members go for training ? what is the place called where initial training happens ? how many warships does the royal canadian navy have ? where are the maritime forces atlantic located ? what formation is located in quebec ? what international exercises does the rcn partake in ? who heads the canadian army ? how many divisions are there in the canadian army ? what are the four divisions ? what division is the canadian army doctrine of ? the canadian army headquarters are located in what division ? how many brigades does the army consist of ? each brigade contains how many regiments ? what squadron is present but not an official part of the brigade ? what medical group is present at all brigades but not part of it ? where is most of the major training performed ? who heads the royal canadian air force ? where is the commander based out of ? how many air force wings are located across canada ? who reports to the operational commander about the wings ? what are some locations of the air bases ? where are the command facilities located ? where is the canadian component of the nato located ? what nato force are the canadians part of ? what location is a canadian airforce base located whose name is also a dog breed ? what does jtfn stand for ? what it located through canada 's northern regions ? what can each forwarding operation location provide ? what squadrons deploy to these locations ? what patrols are organized from these locations ? when was the canadian joint operations command established ? what are the parts that merged into the canadian joint operations command ? what specifically prompted this merger ? what does cansofcom stand for ? what is the cansofcom focussed on ? what do the special forces support ? where is the canadian joint incident response unit based ? how many special operations aviation squadron are based at petawawa ? what is the the information management group responsible for ? where is the information management group located ? what is the task of the caf cyber task force ? when was the directorate of cybernetics established ? who heads the directorate ? who does the health services group serve ? who can temporarily be assigned the health serviced group ? what type of support does the health services group provide ? when can the reserve force be called upon ? what troops does the reserve force consists of ? who commands the reserves ? what are some of the components of the reserve force ? who conducts training of the cadets ? what age are the cadets in the canadian cadet movement ? what branch are the majority of coats members ? who is eligible to serve as a coats trainer ? what do canadian rangers perform ? where do the canadian rangers operate ? which force are the rangers part of ? what do the canadian rangers safekeep ? what is suitable for caf members to wear on any occasion ? what other parts are there to a uniform ? what is now the daily uniform worn by members of the caf ? what can be worn in cold winter weather ? what is only worn for very specific occasions ? what are some of the authorized head dresses for the caf ? are there specific rules for wearing head dresses ? what is the most popular head dress worn ? what headdress does the canadian army wear ? what gives the federal government responsibility for national defense ? what year was an additional 12.5 billion canadian dollars assigned for over five years ? in 1059 , who was responsible for electing the pope ? what were the cardinals assigned ? at one time , priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as ? how early was this term used ? the church of england uses what term that is held by two senior members of the college of minor canons of st. pauls catherdral ? what latin word does `` cardinal '' come from ? which church still holds on to the original meaning of `` cardinal '' from the above latin word ? who were the first people to be called cardinals in rome ? when were the roman cardinals perceived as a privleged class among the roman clergy ? what year did the ruling `` only a cardinal was eligible to become pope '' come in effect ? who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope under the papal bull in nomine domini ? what was it that gave cardinals the right to elect the pope ? in what year did the pope allow cardinals to wear the red hats ? who was the pope who gave cardinals the right to wear the hats ? what term was given to certain church men of honor ? when is the earliest date of using the term cardinal as honorable church men used ? when was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of rome by pius v ? in regards to the word `` cardinal '' being used in cities other than rome , who sent a letter to pippin iii ? in what year was the letter sent ? which pope declared that cardinals would be from rome ? in what year did the pope make the declaration ? in what year did pope pius iv wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals ? who was in charge of the ecumenical council of trent ? in what year did the ecumenical council of trent write in regards to the selection of cardinals ? who was the pope who headed the ecumencial council of trent in that year ? who were generally temporal rulers ? in what roles did cardinals have important roles ? what caridinal had powers so great that he basically ran france ? which cardinal acted a the leader of france due to his amount of power ? who is the only person to ever become a cardinal king ? pope sixtus v limited the number of cardinals to ? what did the composition of the cardinals consist of ? during who 's term did the ruling exceed ? pope paul vi increse the number of cardinal electors to ? what is the maximum age for electors ? pope paul vi raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what ? pope paul vi had no cap on what ? where do the cardinals work ? who receives the hishopric of ostia ? what other title does the dean of collge of cardinals receive upon appointment ? in was year was the title decreed eminence ? who decreed this ? what rank did the eminece decree assigned ? who held more power then the cardinal ? which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince ? the archdiocese of milwaukee says that the correct way to address a cardinal in english is ? what is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the archdiocese of milwaukee ? how do cardinals sign traditionally ? how do oriental patriarchs sign ? why do oriental patriarchs sign this way ? what way is used to announce the election of a new pope in latin ? what should the new pople have been before becoming a pope ? when was the most recent election of a non-cardinal ? when is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope ? do any sees carry the right to the cardinalate ? despite some traditions and rights , no see has the right to what ? who are among the most senior members of the catholic church ? what is a cardinal bishop ? some cardinals are bishop in name only , what are they called ? in early times , who was generally electied to cardinal ? why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop ? what is the rule if the peson elected is not a bishop ? what happens if a pope is elected who is not a bishop ? how many suburbicarian sees ? when were the two sees combined ? who separated them ? what are the seven sees ? cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when ? which see does n't have its own bishop ? who is in charge of ostia ? in what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees ? what see is the one exception to this rule ? who has power over the exception ? the entire group of cardinals is known as what ? who is the only person who can judge a cardinal in regards to laws of the church ? what does the pope give to a new cardinal ? who decides on the design of the item given to new cardinals ? what is the name of the hat that the pope used to wear when naming a new cardinal ? in what year did the practice of donning this item stop ? what does the pope now wear when naming a new cardinal ? which cardinals still wear traditional clothing ? what does the color red symbolize in the clothing worn by cardinals ? which item of clothing worn by cardinals is always white ? the cardinal bird was named as such because of what in relation to cardinals of the church ? when did cardinals stop wearing purple or blue capes ? what happens if a cardinal is named in pectore , and the pope dies ? which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore ? what was a `` lay cardinal '' allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a cardinal ? in what year did pope benedict xv revise the code of canon law ? what did the code of canon law state in regards to cardinals ? a cardinal who does not hold the title of `` bishop '' may not do what ? cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to cardinal around the age of 80 since what year ? in what year did the practice of allowing non priests to become cardinals stop ? in what year was it declared that cardinals had to be bishops ? in the time between electing new popes , what is the duty of the cardinal ? who announces the election of a new pope ? where does this person announce the election of the new pope ? who was the first pope who chose not to be crowned ? what color is the hat ? how many cardinal deacons were there in 2005 ? how many years before a cardinal deacon can choose the order of the cardinal priests ? in 1939 , how many cardinals were italian ? in 1994 , how many cardinals were italian ? what is the name of one of the deaconries in which cardinals come from ? which cardinals are ranked lowest ? who can become the cardinal protopriest ? who is the cardinal protopriest at this time ? in the college of cardinals , the elected dean needs the approval of who ? patriarch cardinals are not given what title ? who are the lowest ranking cardinals in the catholic church ? who are the highest ranking cardinals in the catholic church ? which rank has the most cardinals ? what was the original definition of a cardinal priest ? each cardinal priest has what ? in what year did pope sixtus v put a cap on the number of cardinals in the college of cardinals ? what was the maximum number allowed per pope sixtus v ? who removed the cap on cardinals in the college of the cardinals ? what is another term meaning iranian languages ? what are the iranic languages a subgroup of ? what are indo-iranian languages a subset of ? when did the change from old iranian to middle iranian occur ? what is an example of a sassanid language ? how many different iranian languages exist ? iranian languages are all said to be derived from which predecessor ? from what languages does the word aryao come ? when was the phrase iranian language family first used ? who first used the term iranian language ? who first used the term irano-aryan ? when was the phrase irano-aryan first used ? from where did iranian languages originate ? what part of the world is it theorized that indo-iranian languages came from ? what society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking indo-iranian ? when did the andronovo culture exist ? what language family did thracian and balto-slavic belong to ? where did early iranian people establish societies ? what characteristic of middle iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers ? how many of the middlie iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time ? in which historical record does old persian appear in exemplary form ? when was the behistun inscription written ? during what century was the change from old to middle persian well underway ? what ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes old iranian language ? what is the contemporary name of the religion which avesta was part of ? what language shows a level of maturity corresponding to old avestan ? what language shows the same level of development as younger avestan ? what language is carduchi thought to have become ? what language did herodotus invent a name for ? what are the two main divisions of iranian tongues ? which language is associated with the western branch of iranian ? which language is associated with the eastern branch of iranian ? what elements of proto-indo-iranian did not diverge according to the ensuing split between eastern and western variants ? what type of letters are * ć and * dź ? what languages share a similar situation ? what other elements of early iranian languages problematize the east-west division ? what is the linguistic categorization of * ćw and * dźw ? what may have also been in use at the time ? precursors of what subset of scythian are theorized to have existed ? what possible predecessor of pathian is thought to have existed ? when did the age of middle iranian come to a close ? what are the two main divisions of middle iranian ? bactrian , sogdian , and saka are examples of what type of iranian language ? which language bears a resemblance to the diversity of eastern iranian languages ? where did the the alphabets used by eastern languages come from ? what did the bactrian language use for writing ? what is another term for middle persian ? when did middle persian start being u sed ? what are three languages employed by the manichaeans ? what was the writing of manichaean documents similar to ? the proliferation of which religion had a profound effect on the development of iranian languages ? what language displaced middle iranian as the court 's official tongue ? what was the first dynasty to use dari ? when did the saffarid dynasty begin using dari ? what area was the name dari connected to by medieval iranian thinkers ? what was the new form of writing introduced by the spread of islam ? when did usage of middle persian script fall off ? what script was converted to latin in the 1920s ? when was tajik script converted to cyrillic ? who catalyzed the conversion of tajik script into cyrillic ? what is another term for western iran ? what are two languages that were forced out by the spread of arabic ? by what century had the area inhabited by sarmatians been absorbed by pre-slavic people ? where can the remnants of yaghnobi be found ? ossetic is a version of which scythian language ? what is used a main source of light for a building during the day ? what kind of effects can natural illumination have on a persons psychological ? using natural illumination instead of artificial light sources help with what ? lamps and light fixtures are a form of what ? the use of light to achieve an aesthetic effect is know as ? what can be used a main source of light for a building during the day ? lamps and light fixtures are a form of what ? what kind of effects can proper lighting have on a persons psychologically ? what does using natural illumination instead of artificial lighting help with ? what is the used to achieve a practical effect ? what type of fixtures do you use for indoor lighting ? what is considered a key part of interior design ? what can be a intrinsic component of landscaping ? what type of fixtures are used typically used for indoor lighting ? what can be used as a intrinsic component of landscape projects ? when was fluorescent lighting first available ? what type of lighting can be mounted in the ceiling to appear flush ? peking man kindled fire as early as ? which type of oily animals where also used as lamps after being threaded with wick ? what is considered the earliest form of artificial lighting ? the hollow worked stones lamps found in lascaux caves date back how far ? what type of lighting was powered by electricity ? when did gas powered street lights became economically available . street lights help reduce ? what can come in a wide variety of styles for various functions ? functioning as holder a light fixture can provide directed light and avoid ? luminous efficacy is measure in what unit ? how many kelvins is daylight measured at ? what has a color temperature around 2800 to 3000 kelvin ? it can be said that lights with a high color temperature have more energy in what color spectrum ? a lamp with more energy in the yellow and red spectrum are known to be ? a light is classified by intended purpose , what mainly changes its classification ? who invented track lighting ? what feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer . what type of lighting uses lights that are hung or clipped to bare metal cables ? how many volts does a track lighting system usually use ? what is a uplight used for ambient lighting ? what is one type of fixture commonly found in offices ? magnifier lamps are considered what type of lighting ? when would neon lighting be considered general lighting ? what uses diffuser panels below fluorescent lights ? normally neon lighting is considered what type of lighting ? what do steps in move theater aisles have for safety markings ? what are the low wattage lamps being replaced with in movie theaters ? what kind of tube are the movie theaters lights enclosed in ? what is used to light walkways at night ? what kind of lights are being designed for energy efficiency ? what kind of light is used to illuminate outdoor playing fields at night ? extremely bright lights used to deter crime are called ? what type of light would be used illuminate the entrance to a property ? what color are tail lights ? what color are headlamps on a vehicle ? when did automakers start using electroluminescent technology to backlight gauges ? what color are reversing indicator lamps ? what indicates that a driver is intending to change position ? what is the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture ? what does a light bulb convert into electromagnetic radiation ? huge much light does a 13 w compact fluorescent lamp produce equivalent to a incandescent light bulb . how many lemuns does a 15 watt fluorescent lamp produce ? what is designing as it applies to built environments ? would you consider aesthetic elements alone in architectural lighting design ? what is the name of the software sometimes used to help calculate lighting needs in a built environment ? hand-calculations are based off of what type of data ? what type of factor calculation can be used to find out how much daylight is received in a internal space . what type of paint tends to absorb light ? what kind of paint makes a room a room look larger and brighter ? what type of study is used to simulate lighting designs ? what is prepared prior to the performance for the lighting operator ? motion pictures employee the similar lighting techniques as which other form of lighting ? what is the basic si unit of measurement ? what is the si unit for lumiance ? what is the cgs unit of lumiance ? what is the amount of useful light emitted from a luminous flux measured in ? what is a standardized model of human visual brightness ? what is the si unit of illuminace and luminous emittance ? what does ugr stand for ? what does cct stand for ? what does cri stand for ? what metric indicates a lights ability to make object appear natural ? what metric indicates `` warmth '' or `` coolness '' ? what does gai stand for ? the relative separating of object colors illuminated by a light source is known as ? would a lower gai mean higher apparent saturation or vividness of object colors ? what is typically used to measure light ? what measures the amount of light entering the eye ? a daysimeter what type of personal meter ? how many days can the daysimeter gather for analysis ? what type of light stimulates the circadian system ? what is a basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task ? what can help reduce energy and usage cost by providing light only when or where it is needed ? what type of standard do newer control systems use ? what is the name of one type of control system used ? does a wireless mesh open standard make installation harder ? what sensor controls light with motion sensors ? what does a passive infrared sensor react to ? what type of sensor transmits sound above the range of human hearing ? would you want to use passive infrared sensor in a area requiring 360-degree coverage ? what is the oldest method of interior lighting ? daylighting has been proven to have negative effects on people ? what is a form of solid state lighting ? what is the best way to control light emissions of leds ? what can cause health effects such headache frequency ? maximizing the right amount of light at the appropriate time for elderly may help systems of what ? the human circadian system is entrained to how many hours light-dark pattern ? what happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted ? who documented 23 surgical patients assigned rooms looking out on a natural scene ? did the patients with natural scenes have longer postoperative hospital stays ? did patients that have natural scenes require more potent analgesics ? what university was alision jing xu the assistant professor of management at ? what univerity was aparna labroo associated with ? what devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum ? what year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene ? what method of lighting have been used since 1820s ? what does cfl stand for ? are all cfls suitable for dimming ? how much more power does a standard incandescent bulb use compared to led ? what is the average lifetime of a cfl ? what is the average lifetime of a cfl ? how much power does a halogen lamp save compared to a standard blub ? what is known as artificial light that is excessive or intrusive ? what causes sharp shadows around buildings ? in a battlefield does not have natural light what could you use instead ? the use of what may disclose your own hidden position on a battlefield ? modern warfare has seen the increased use of what ? what can be used by military for targeting ? what has eliminated the need for flares on a battlefield ? what does the cie stand for ? what does the iesna stand for ? who else publishes along with iesna ? what defines photo metric data ? what does iald stand for ? what does plda stand for ? what was the plda formerly known as ? who offers the lighting certification examination ? what does ncqlp stand for ? which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming lighting certified ? what other national examinations are available ? what does plasa stand for ? where is plasa based ? how many individuals does plasa represent ? what does rohs stand for ? which political practice did montesquieu originate ? how many divisions of the government did montesquieu call for ? what document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers ? what kind of oversight does the separation of powers help to promote ? what was the doctrine called that allowed the three branches of government to check the powers of each other ? which enlightenment thinker supported the idea of separation of powers ? which enlightenment thinker was against the separation of powers ? who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches ? whose thoughts were impacted by montesquieu 's philosophy ? who was an advocate of separation of powers ? who was an opponent of separation of powers ? who 's writing were very influential on the design of the united states constitution ? what country 's government , on which the us government was modeled , did not formally implement separation of powers ? what were the two main principles informing the government of the uk ? what term describes the status of the different branches of government in maryland , virginia , north carolina and georgia ? what country 's government served as a model for the united states government ? in the 18th century what function , besides president , did the delaware president serve ? what is the only branch of u.s. government imbued with lawmaking abilities ? which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation ? when was clinton v. city of new york decided by the supreme court ? in the us who has the sole power to pass legislation ? what is the doctrine called that does not allow congress to pass on their power to pass laws to any other agency ? what was the court case that struck down the line item veto ? what year was clinton v. city of new york decided by the supreme court ? what was one of the first times the supreme court tried a case regarding nondelegation ? in what year was wayman v. southard tried by the u.s. supreme court ? who was chief justice of the supreme court when wayman v. southard reached the supreme court ? in wayman v. southard , what branch was accused of being given lawmaking abilities by congress ? what is the name of the 1825 case where the supreme court held that congress could delegate their responsibilities to the court ? who was chief justice of the supreme court under the wayman v. southard ruling ? when was the first time that a congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the constitution ? the establishment of what body was the subject of a.l.a. schechter poultry corp. v. united states ? in what year was a.l.a. schechter v. united states tried before the supreme court ? in what year did the supreme court determine that delegating powers by congress was unconstitutional ? what was the supreme court case that was determined that congress could not allow the president to determine fair competition ? which branches of the national military does the u.s. president command ? whose approval is required for the president 's appointees to take office ? what is a congressional means of removing presidential appointees ? what term can characterize the status of bodies like the war claims commission and the interstate commerce commission ? which of the three branches has the duty of commander and chief ? who has the authority to make treaties ? what is it called when congress terminates an appointment of the president ? who has over-sight of the federal trade commission ? to what does congress attempt to limit executive officials ? what court case affirmed the mandates of the first and seventh sections of article i of the constitution ? when was ins v chadha tried before the supreme court ? by what margin can congress over ride a presidential veto ? in what branch is the ability to try legal cases placed ? who nominates justices for the u.s. supreme court ? who must approve presidential appointees to the supreme court ? what is the term for judicial institutions exercising their power ? what is the power given to the supreme court and lower courts called ? who appoints a judge ? who gives the president advice and consent for a judge appointment ? what kind of courts did congress establish ? what power are legislative courts not allowed to exercise ? who can determine a date of adjournment if congress can not agree ? who can call congress into emergency session ? who serves as president of the senate ? who has the power to issue a pardon ? who has the power to issue a reprieve ? who is the commander and chief of the army ? who has the power to declare ware ? who has the responsibility to confirm generals and admirals ? who is responsible for judicial review ? what is the court case that established judicial review ? which courts decisions are binding across the entire united states ? who can limit judicial review of a law ? who 's judicial power does congress have the right to limit ? who presides over an impeachment trial ? who wrote that the legislative branch was the predominate branch of government ? in which federalist paper did james madison state that the legislative branch of government was predominate ? immediately following the civil war which branch of government was seen to have the greater amount of power ? how many bills did george washington veto ? how many bills did james monroe veto ? how many bills did andrew jackson veto who was the seventh president of the united states ? how many of andrew johnson 's veto 's were over turned by congress what act did congress pass that gave the senate the right to approve the dismissal of a cabinet official ? who was the first president to veto over 400 bills ? under which president was the tenure of office act repealed ? which president attempted to pack the supreme court ? who had granted franklin roosevelt sweeping authority during the great depression ? under what basis did richard nixon assert an expansion of the power of the president ? what term is used when one branch of government must get approval from at least one other branch of government ? who has congress delegated the responsibility of establishing the rules of conduct for the courts to ? who may license and regulate attorneys in florida ? who sets the procedures to be followed in the florida court system ? what is the latin word for architecture ? what is the latin word for architecture ? what do you call the planning and building of buildings ? what structures can be viewed as both works of art and symbols of certain cultures ? civilizations from the past cane often be identified by what surviving structures ? in what language does the word `` architecture '' have its origins ? what two words is `` architecture '' a combination of ? architecture involves the creation of what ? aside from symbolizing cultures , what else are architectural works thought of as ? what can extant architectural works be used to identify ? what is the oldest architecture plans that has survived ? who created the oldest surviving architecture plans ? when did vitruvius create these plans ? what are the three principles every plan should consider ? what is the first known extant writing about architecture called ? who was the author of de architectura ? what was vitruvius ' profession ? what were vitruvius ' three principles for a well made building ? what is the commonly seen english translation of the three principles ? when were the styles of arts created ? who wrote lives of the most excellent painters , sculptors , and architects ? by the 18th century which languages was vasaris book translated in ? in vitruvius 's mind , whose responsibility was it to see the principles carried out ? who wrote de re aedificatoria ? what did leon battista alberti consider most important for beauty ? what ideal proportion did alberti promote ? in what century did `` style '' as an artistic concept arise ? who wrote the book contrasts ? what year was contrasts written in ? what was the name of pugin 's book ? in what year was contrasts written ? what world did pugin dislike ? what type of architecture did pugin consider truly christian ? who wrote seven lamps of architecture ? who was the author of seven lamps of architecture ? what was ruskin 's career ? when was seven lamps of architecture published ? what , according to ruskin , should looking at architecture contribute to its viewer ? does ruskin believe all buildings are works of architecture ? what was most significant in architecture according to ruskin ? to be true architecture in ruskin 's opinion what should be done to a structure ? what features at minimum did ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional ? what century was the architect le corbusier in ? who wrote on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction ? what was le corbusier 's profession ? when did le corbusier live and write ? what part of him did le corbusier say proper architecture touched ? what state of emotion did le corbusier say architecture put him in ? what term replaced vitruvius ' term `` utility '' ? in addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional ? whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace ? what aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function ? what were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns ? what are some philosophies that modern architects use ? rationalism and empiricism are examples of what ? aside from the architects what did the philosophies influence ? which philosophy followed structuralism ? when was the conecept , sustainable architecture used ? what novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century ? to what should a building be friendly ? what sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly ? what dynamic needs were the reason for building to be done ? oral traditions allowed what to become formalized in human cultures ? what was building considered ? what was the most valued type of building craft called ? aside from skills , what is required in order to have the means for building ? what type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world ? why did the economy begin to expand ? through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were made ? what is a popular type of architecture that still exists around the planet ? in what environment were many of the first human settlements ? what sort of an effect did a growing economy have on human settlements ? at what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand ? what civilizations used the divine and supernatural in their architecture ? what are two examples of past civilizations ? to what did these civilizations have ties that to were shown off by their architecture ? what does architectural monumentality often represent ? name one asian architectural writer . what country produced the kao gong ji ? when was the kao gong ji written ? what architectural writing came from sri lanka ? india produced which early architectural text ? what religion led to architectural changes in many asian countries ? which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity ? when did hindu temple architecture begin being produced ? what does hindu temple architecture try to express ? what is the source of the concepts in hindu temple architecture ? what type of architectural is especially known for its regional differences what kind of religious theology affected landscape related architecture in asia ? what cultures architecture inspired islamic architecture to use pointed arch 's ? when was islamic architecture first seen ? in addition to forms from the ancient middle east , what other place 's forms had an effect on islamic architecture ? what other parts of the society 's needs did architecture fill ? what kind of arch design from islamic architecture affected european architects ? what type of buildings were took the most effort to build ? what were the most important buildings of the time ? what two groups spread knowledge of architecture in europe ? what style is gothic ? what is another pan-european style ? when did the clerics and tradesmen start spreading architectural information ? when was renaissance humanism developed ? when did the classical learning revival begin ? what continent did this revival take place on ? what was the name for the time period ? what did renaissance humanism emphasize ? what three vocations were not really considered separate from each other at that time ? what sort of considerations does architectural design take into account ? in architecture what aspects are planned and designed ? aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture involve ? who said that architecture was able extend beyond function ? in what way did nunzia rondanini believe architecture moved past mere functionality ? what could , in rondanini 's opinion , architecture `` stimulate and influence '' ? what should n't architecture be assumed to promote , according to rondanini ? what does architecture share with other sciences ? what is a reactionary thing to limit formalism 's meaning to ? what sort of quest lacks purpose ? what ends up being reduced in quality by this quest ? from what ideals did classical architecture emerge ? these civic ideas allowed what to come into being ? what ideals were greek and roman classical architecture not based on ? what owes its development to the classical orders ? when were architectural writings first made ? aside from general advice what did the texts contain ? what is another term for specific formal prescriptions ? when did vitruvius write his canons ? what is a significant early architectural canonical type ? what organizations were created by medieval craftsmen ? what records of the guilds are still in existence ? what was the main thing the contracts were had to do with ? what is another term for master mason ? what aspects of buildings did science and engineering have an effect on ? who still could handle the structural calculations for designing at that time ? what two fields began to grow apart ? what did architects often neglect in their pursuit of aesthetics ? what was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy ? what did 19th century formal architectural training neglect ? where did most architects learn their trade ? what started with the industrial revolution ? what became cheap enough for the middle class to buy ? as products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the middle class ? what kind of books did housebuilders use ? what type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate ? at what century 's start did revivalist fall into disfavor ? what new type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time ? when did the deutscher werkbund get its start ? what was the point of the deutscher werkbund ? in 1919 what school opened in weimar , germany ? what kind of movement was modern architecture in the beginning ? who was the new movement meant to suit the needs of ? whose needs were no longer relevant to the new style ? what sort of details did the modernists ' want in their buildings ? what details did modernists ' do away with ? who was instrumental in creating organic architecture ? what are two of wright 's designs ? what was wright 's intention regarding humans and nature ? what made it possible to design architecture through new means and methods ? what new type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers ? what style came after modernism ? what is an example of international style ? who designed the twin towers ? what aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find lacking in modernist styles ? who were three architects who influenced brutalism ? what material was used in brutalist structures ? who disagreed with the aesthetic of brutalism ? what school was a response to brutalism ? what are two examples of metaphoric architecture ? what are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise ? what type of architecture do some consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of ? when was the start of the architectural phenomenology movement ? what was architectural phenomenology reacting to ? what were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to expand ? who called postmodern architecture a `` decorated shed '' ? what term did venturi use for brutalist and mondernist buildings ? about when did architecture begin specializing ? who can no longer design a large structure ? what two architectural movements have come under criticism for their focus on individuality ? what issue has moved to the forefront in recent years ? what do architecture schools look at more and more nowadays ? who was the first to design architecture environmentally ? who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1960s ? what organization 's rating system promotes sustainability ? what are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability ? what kinds of buildings and building developments are the new movements not in favor of ? what are three things the new movements try to achieve ? what older architectural movements do the newer movements not go along with ? which three statistics does the hdi compile ? does a high ranking on the hdi indicate shorter or longer life expectancy ? who developed the hdi ? what entity publishes the hdi ? does a high ranking on the hdi indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth ? in what year did the human development report introduce the ihdi ? what does ihdi stand for ? which measures the potential development , the hdi or the ihdi ? which measures the potential development , the hdi or the ihdi ? in what year did mahbub ul haq devise and launch the hdi ? who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the hdi ? mahbub ul haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies ? which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report ? what does le stand for ? what does mys stand for ? what does eys stand for ? what does gnipc stand for ? what entity makes the defining formula for the hdi well-known ? on what date was the 2015 human development report released ? which year was used for estimates in the 2015 report ? on what date was the 2014 human development report released ? which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report ? what does the ihdi specifically take into account ? does the ihdi measure the `` average '' or the `` potential '' level of human development ? which caribbean nation is in the top quartile of hdi -lrb- but missing ihdi -rrb- ? is the top quartile of hdi considered `` high '' or `` very high '' human development ? what is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report ? which east asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report ? on what date was the 2013 human development report released ? which year was used for estimates in the 2013 report ? does the ihdi measure the `` average '' or the `` potential '' level of human development ? which caribbean nation is in the top quartile of hdi -lrb- but missing ihdi -rrb- ? which caribbean nation is in the top quartile of hdi -lrb- but missing ihdi -rrb- ? which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report ? which caribbean nation is in the top quartile of hdi -lrb- but missing ihdi -rrb- ? which caribbean nation is in the top quartile of hdi -lrb- but missing ihdi -rrb- ? what is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report ? which east asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report ? on what date was the 2010 human development report released ? which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report ? in the ihdi , inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions ? which caribbean nation is in the top quartile of hdi -lrb- but missing ihdi -rrb- ? what is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report ? which caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report ? what ranking has cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed ? on what date was the 2009 human development report released ? what period is covered by the 2009 human development report ? what was another title for the 2009 human development report ? what new category was added in the 2009 human development report ? how does the 2009 human development report refer to countries that rank `` very high '' ? what three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded ? what type of update was released on december 18 , 2008 ? what was the index published on december 18 , 2008 lacking ? what period was covered by the statistical update index released in december of 2008 ? on what date was the 2007/2008 human development report released ? what was the focus of the 2007/2008 human development report ? what is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 human development report ? the hdi in the 2007/2008 human development report is for what year ? where was the 2007/2008 human development report launched ? which countries experienced a decrease in hdi ? under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a `` low development '' country ? on which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located ? what is gabon 's ranking ? what is south africa 's ranking ? what are the two highest ranking sub-saharan countries ? what number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a `` high development '' country ? which south american country was included among the seven promoted countries ? what is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries ? if there is a decrease in a country 's ranking , which indicator will be present ? if there is an increase in a country 's ranking , which indicator will be present ? if a country 's ranking does not change , which indicator will be present ? which country has been ranked highest the most number of times ? which country has received the top rank twice ? the hdi has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what ? has the hdi been criticized for being biased towards western or towards eastern models of development ? the hdi has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development ? critics of the hdi cite its focus on which : egalitarianism or authoritarianism ? how many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the hdi ? in what year did the undp respond to the criticism of its report ? which magazine publication carried a statement from the human development report office in january , 2011 ? how many countries were included in the 2009 hdi ? how many countries were included in the 2010 hdi ? what is another term for southern europe what is the name for the stretch of land on which spain and portugal are located ? what nations are sometimes included in the scope of southern europe ? what area of france is considered a part of mediterranean europe ? what are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize southern europe ? what are three aspects of the environment of southern europe that can be used to distinguish the region ? what kind of climate is exemplary of southern europe ? which parts of turkey are characterized by a mediterranean climate ? what are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a mediterranean climate ? where do colder areas occur within southern europe ? where are more moist areas found in southern europe ? what term can be used to describe the wet area of north spain ? what is a word that can be used to describe the plant life of southern europe ? who coined the term phytochoria ? what era started when ancient greek cities became self-governing entities ? what was the name of the different governments forming in ancient greece ? who was responsible for the bringing greek culture as far as asia ? where was the headquarters of the western roman empire ? where was the headquarters of the eastern roman empire ? which tribes brought down the western roman empire ? what year is considered the transition between the classical period and the middle ages ? by what year was the roman empire split into two sections ? what is the eastern roman empire in the middle ages called by contemporary scholars ? who took over the remains of the western roman empire ? what did germanic people create in place of the western roman empire ? what is the name of the period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of christianity ? when did crusaders invade constantinople ? which two cities benefited greatly from the activities of crusaders ? what was the name of another activity like the crusades occuring on the iberian peninsula ? what empire was destroyed by the sack of constantinople ? what era was characterized by turmoil in europe ? what disease plagued europe during the late middle ages ? which new regime appeared in the balkan region during the late middle ages ? when did the ottoman empire conquer constantinople ? when was the start of the period known as the renaissance ? in what city did the renaissance begin ? what areas of knowledge were subject to much debate during the renaissance ? the encounter with arabic knowledge put renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations ? which countries initiated the age of exploration following the reconquista ? when did religious conflict end in europe ? between which two nations was the treaty of the pyrenees signed ? which scientist developed a means of viewing space ? who was responsible for creating the first radio ? what resulted from europe 's exploration of the new world ? what institution of mercantilism was established with new world colonies ? what replaced agriculture as the focus of european economy with the establishment of overseas colonies ? aside from the activities of colonies , what other event fostered the transition from agriculture to manufacturing ? when were there many struggles for independence or overthrowing prevailing governments ? from whom did balkan states start retaking their independence ? in what year was rome conquered ? what phrase is used to describe the period marked by competition for extant lands ? in what year did world war i begin ? when did a victor emerge in world war i ? at what event did the major allied powers assert their conditions at the end of the war ? which group took control in 1933 ? who led the nazis ? which country did hitler align germany with ? who was the leader of italy when world war ii started ? what was the military partnership between countries aligned with the soviet union called ? what does eu stand for ? what was the european union tasked with managing ? when did communism fall in allies of the soviet union ? when did the ussr dissolve ? in what year was croatia admitted to the european union ? what is the most common group of languages spoken in mediterranean europe ? what are the three main areas of southern europe where italian speakers can be found ? where can people who speak catalan be found ? what language is spoken in northwest spain ? how many people in spain and gibraltar are spanish speakers ? what is another term for greek ? outside of greece itself , in what other nation is greek a major language ? what language is used in macedonia ? what do people speak in bulgaria ? slovene is a major language in what country ? what is considered a de facto second language in mediterranean europe ? besides english , what other language is spoken in gibraltar ? besides english , what other language is spoken in malta ? what language can be found used in kosovo and albania ? what type of language is maltese ? where is basque country located ? what is the main faith practiced in southern europe ? when did the romans make christianity their official religion ? what denomination of christianity is common in the western part of southern europe ? which denomination of christianity is more common in the eastern part of mediterranean europe ? what term is used by the uno to divide groups of nations ? what is the reason for the uno 's division into regions ? what smaller unit makes up the southern europe region ? what does tdm stand for ? which group uses tdm as a metric ? what is the acronym for british broadcasting corporation ? under what auspices does the bbc exist ? when did the bbc start creating its own programming ? on what date did the bbc being its regular tv broadcasts ? in what country is the bbc headquartered ? what percentage of viewership across the uk is constituted by the bbc ? as a result of shows that the bbc itself creates , it is one of the biggest what ? on what date was the first tv show seen in the uk ? from where was the first tv show in the uk broadcasted ? how many lines made up the picture on britain 's earliest tv broadcasts ? when did baird cease showing its programs on bbc ? when were both audio and video first broadcasted at the same time ? where was the bbc 's first studio located ? what was the medium that brought the bbc 's signal to the transmitter ? what term characterizes the type of broadcast made by the bbc prior to late 1935 ? where was the bbc 's second studio located ? when did the bbc first change studios ? where did the bbc continue broadcasting from in october of 1936 ? what frequency band was used by the bbc starting in 1936 ? how many lines did the baird transmission contain ? how many lines did the marconi-emi transmission contain ? on what days did the bbc provide regular broadcasts ? for how long did the bbc alternate different broadcasting systems ? what kind of camera was used to broadcast live shows under the baird system ? when was the baird system officially abandoned ? how far from its studio could the bbc 's broadcast originally reach ? in what year were bbc broadcasts seen in the united states ? what company did the u.s. engineers who saw the bbc broadcast work for ? what did the rca employees use in order to receive the bbc signal ? where was the bbc 's transmitter located in 1930 ? when did the bbc start broadcasting under the name bbc one ? 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what movie was schwarzenegger promoting when the alleged incident took place ? what paper did richardson claim was used by schwarzenegger 's publicist and aide to discredit her ? what year did austria outlaw the death penalty ? which member of austrian parliament wanted schwarzenegger to lose his austrian citizenship ? what date marked the first law restricting greenhouse gas emissions ? the regulations pertain to emissions from utilities , manufacturing plants , and what other entity ? what year has schwarzenegger set as the deadline for california to show a 25 % reduction in emissions ? what region of the u.s. has california partnered with on the regional greenhouse gas initiative ? what green technology did schwarzenegger have installed at home to reduce his carbon footprint ? what year did the greenhouse gas initiative go into effect ? what particular pollutant was schwarzenegger addressing with his 2006 executive order ? in what city was the sae world congress held in 2009 ? what article , section , and clause of the constitution requires u.s. presidents to be natural-born citizens ? 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what did schwarzenegger name his plan to build hydrogen refueling stations throughout california ? what governmental department contributed a grant to schwarzenegger 's hydrogen fuel project ? what nonprofit did schwarzenegger found in 1995 ? schwarzenegger was the spokesperson for the special olympic games held in what city in china ? about how many schools across the country is icg active in ? what school within the university of southern california does the schwarzenegger institute for state and global policy belong to ? in what year was the schwarzenegger institute for state and global policy founded ? what position does schwarzenegger hold with the institute ? in kilometers , what is the distance from plymouth to exeter ? how many miles away from london is plymouth ? what river borders plymouth on the west ? in what county is plymouth located ? in what body of water do the rivers tamar and plym converge ? what was the location of the earliest settlement near plymouth ? what was plymouth 's original name ? 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on what date was the publication of the plan for plymouth ? who wrote the plan for plymouth ? what street was intended to connect plymouth hoe to the railroad station ? who headed the team that created the ` vision for plymouth ' ? how many parks exist in plymouth ? what köppen climate classification does plymouth possess ? in degrees fahrenheit , what is plymouth 's annual mean temperature ? what month in plymouth has the lowest temperatures ? up to how many centimeters of snow fell on plymouth between 17 and 19 december 2010 ? along with august , what is typically the hottest month in plymouth ? along with convection , what provokes rain in the plymouth area ? along with winter , in what season are atlantic depressions most prevalent ? about how many inches of rain fall on plymouth every year ? along with march , what month has the fastest winds on average ? from what direction do most of the winds blow on plymouth ? how many hours of sunshine does the south west england region get each year ? what region of england benefits from the extension of the azores high pressure area ? in degrees fahrenheit , what was the highest temperature achieved in plymouth between 1971 and 2000 ? in what month and year did plymouth see its highest temperature between 1971 and 2000 ? about how many days a year in plymouth are over 77 °f ? in degrees celsius , what was the coldest temperature recorded at plymouth between 1971 and 2000 ? in what month and year did plymouth see its lowest temperature between 1971 and 2000 ? how many students are studying at the university of plymouth ? where does the university of plymouth rank among british institutions of higher education in terms of number of enrolled students ? how many staff members work for the university of plymouth ? about how much are the staff of the university of plymouth paid yearly in total ? in what year was the university of plymouth established ? what institution of higher education is colloquially known as marjons ? what is the academic specialty of the university of st mark & st john ? along with city college plymouth , what college calls plymouth home ? about how many students are enrolled at city college plymouth ? how many years ago was plymouth college of art founded ? how many independent art colleges exist in the united kingdom ? how many large colleges exist in plymouth ? how many state primary schools are in plymouth ? plymouth has how many state secondary schools ? how many state grammar schools are based in plymouth ? what is the name of the independent school in plymouth ? aside from plymouth high school for girls and devonport high school for boys , what state grammar school is present in plymouth ? what maritime institution of higher education existed in plymouth as of 1880 ? when did the royal naval engineering college shut its doors in plymouth ? what was the royal naval engineering college renamed in 1959 ? in what year did the dockyard technical college close ? after the dockyard technical college closed , where were classes relocated to ? what organization known as the mba is based in plymouth ? what plymouth organization is named for sir alister hardy ? what marine facility is attached to the university of plymouth ? what group are many of plymouth 's marine organizations a part of ? what is the name of the aquarium present in plymouth ? what was the population of plymouth unitary authority circa 2011 ? what was the population of plymouth unitary authority circa 2001 ? how many people did the plymouth unitary authority gain between 2001 and 2011 ? what was the average number of people in a plymouth household ? what percentage of plymouth residents in 2011 were of chinese ancestry ? what percentage of devon 's gva does plymouth comprise in 2013 ? what was plymouth 's 2013 gva in millions of british pounds ? what was plymouth ' per capita gva in 2013 ? what was the united kingdom 's average per capita gva in 2013 ? what percentage of plymouth residents were unemployed in 2014 ? what percentage of plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014 ? as of 2014 , what was the life expectancy of male plymouth residents ? as of 2014 , what was the life expectancy of female plymouth residents ? where did plymouth 's life expectancy rank out of the regions of south west england ? how many plymouth residents are employed in defense ? about how many plymouth residents are serving in the military ? when was plymouth gin first distilled ? what company produces plymouth gin ? during what decade was plymouth gin the most widely consumed in the world ? about what percentage of plymouth 's income comes from the dockyard ? what royal navy base is present in plymouth ? how many maritime businesses operate in plymouth ? how many people work in tamar science park ? what is a notable company based in plymouth ? what notable shop is located in a grade ii listed building ? in what year was pannier market finished ? what is plymouth 's national rank in retail floorspace ? what notable location was named a grade ii listed building in 1998 ? what was the cost to restore tinside pool ? what is the name of plymouth council 's urban redevelopment project ? what architect is in charge of the '' `` vision for plymouth '' ? along with plymouth council , what body supports the `` vision for plymouth '' ? what is the population goal of the `` vision for plymouth '' ? how many residences does the `` vision for plymouth '' seek to build ? when was the charles cross car park removed ? in what month and year was the grand opening of drake circus shopping centre ? where was tr2 built ? what prize did tr2 almost win ? who spoke disparagingly about the drake circus shopping centre ? what location is proposed for the future home of the plymouth city council headquarters ? to connect millbay to the city centre , what would need to be destroyed ? what city region is located near a ferry terminal ? what is the a38 called inside the city of plymouth ? in miles , about how far away from plymouth does the a38 connect to the m5 ? what bridge connects cornwall to plymouth via the a38 ? what park and ride service is located at george junction ? who operates milehouse park and ride ? who operates the ferry to spain ? where does the ferry to france terminate ? along with mv bretagne and mv pont-aven , what ferry operates between plymouth and the continent ? a passenger ferry operates between cremyll and what location ? when did the cremyll-stonehouse ferry first operate ? what local airport closed in 2011 ? in kilometers , how far away from the plymouth city center was plymouth city airport ? by what year is the city airport planned to reopen ? who intends to reopen the plymouth city airport ? when did plymouth 's railroad station open for service ? who runs plymouth 's railroad station ? along with the tamar valley line , what local train service operates in plymouth ? how many regional mps have argued for the importance of plymouth 's train service ? trains from what network sometimes operate out of plymouth 's railroad station ? on what date was the dawlish sea wall damaged ? in feet , how much of the dawlish sea wall was destroyed ? after the dawlish sea wall was damaged , on what date did the line reopen ? in what month and year did storms affect the coastal line near dawlish ? how many churches are present in plymouth ? in what year was plymouth 's catholic cathedral built ? what is the name of the oldest church in plymouth ? what denomination does the oldest church in plymouth belong to ? how many methodist houses of worship exist in plymouth ? what plymouth jew was mentioned by sir francis drake ? in what year was plymouth synagogue constructed ? what is plymouth synagogue 's listed grade ? what community of jews was plymouth synagogue built by ? what percentage of plymouth 's population call themselves christian ? what percentage of plymouth residents follow islam ? what percentage of plymouth consists of non-religious people ? what percentage of people in the united kingdom describe themselves as non-religious ? what was the percentage decline in jewish residents of plymouth between 2001 and 2011 ? in what year was union street constructed ? who performed at the new palace theatre in the 1930s ? how many pubs existed on union street in the 1930s ? what group famously enjoyed themselves on union street ? what notable event occurs each august ? in what month and year was the world record for simultaneous fireworks broken ? who broke the world record for simultaneous fireworks ? what institution did roy lowry work for ? in what year did the music of the night begin ? how many people can fit in the theatre royal ? what is the capacity of drum theatre ? what is the cost of admission to the plymouth city museum and art gallery ? how many galleries are present in the plymouth city museum and art gallery ? when did the theater in the plymouth athenaeum close ? what television station has its regional headquarters in plymouth ? what regional itv station serves plymouth ? on what date did itv westcountry cease to operate ? with what channel did itv westcountry merge ? what bbc radio station operates in plymouth ? what football league team is located in plymouth ? what level of the football league does plymouth argyle f.c. operate in ? what is the home field of plymouth argyle f.c. ? what is the nickname of plymouth argyle f.c. ? what team plays its home games at weston mill ? what rugby union team is based in plymouth ? what british basketball league team calls plymouth home ? when was plymouth albion r.f.c. founded ? where do the plymouth raiders play their home games ? when were the plymouth raiders inaugurated ? when was the first port of plymouth regatta ? in what month and year did plymouth play host to the america 's cup world series ? for how many days did the america 's cup world series take place in plymouth ? when did plymouth begin receiving water from south west water ? who provided plymouth 's water prior to 1973 ? when did drake 's leat open ? from where did drake 's leat draw water ? when did construction finish on devonport leat ? what body handles waste management in plymouth ? who oversees plymouth 's sewers ? who distributes electricity in plymouth ? in what year did langage power station come on line ? what settlement is langage power station located near ? when did the plymouth borough police begin operation ? where is the police divisional headquarters located ? how many fire stations are present in plymouth ? where in plymouth is the royal national lifeboat institution based ? what organization is the plymouth borough police a part of ? what is plymouth 's national health service hospital ? in kilometers , how far is derriford hospital from the plymouth city center ? what notable clinic is present in derriford hospital ? what organization provides ambulance transport for plymouth ? where is south western ambulance service nhs foundation trust headquartered ? when did ford park cemetery reopen ? along with efford , where else does the plymouth city council operate a cemetery ? what is the name of the private cemetery in plymouth ? in lieu of headstones , what grave markers are used at drake memorial park ? when did ford park cemetery first operate ? in what year was the royal citadel constructed ? in the wake of what conflict was the royal citadel built ? when was smeaton 's tower first constructed ? in kilometers , how far off the coast was smeaton 's tower originally built ? what memorial commemorates the naval victory over the spanish armada ? what was the name of the port once situated on the land occupied by present day plymouth ? when did the pilgrim fathers depart plymouth for the americas ? what monument commemorates the departure of the pilgrim fathers ? how many marine species are present at the national marine aquarium ? how many listed buildings are present in the barbican area ? what structure was referred to as a `` palmerston 's folly '' ? in what cardinal direction is crownhill fort located outside the city ? who runs crownhill fort ? in what cardinal direction outside plymouth is devonport located ? how many waymarkers are present on the devonport heritage trail ? visitors to what region 's beaches often stop at plymouth ? along with whitsand bay and cawsand , what plymouth-area beaches are popular with tourists ? visitors to what local valley often stop over in plymouth ? who designed the roland levinsky building ? when did the roland levinsky building open ? of what university is the roland levinsky building a part ? what academic discipline at the university is based in the roland levinsky building ? what part of plymouth is the roland levinsky building situated in ? what are plymouth residents commonly called ? what colloquial term is used for plymouth residents ? after what figure are janners named ? in devon , jan is another way of saying what common english name ? what was the birthplace of sir francis drake ? what did the spanish nickname sir francis drake ? in what year did sir francis drake die ? what was sir francis drake 's cause of death ? what notable artist and royal academician was born in plympton ? what artist died in plymouth in 2002 ? where did the creator of mr benn and king rollo study ? what genre of music does john surman play ? what local figure played in the bands amm and mimeo ? where do the family of michael foot live ? what is the occupation of trevor francis ? what is the current nationality of former plymouth resident chris axworthy ? what united states vice president did donald moffat play ? in what film did donald moffat play president bennett ? what is dawn french 's job ?