README.md

---
license: wtfpl
tags:
- guide
- stable diffusion
- webui
- automatic1111
- stable-diffusion-webui
---

**[CLICK HERE TO OPEN THIS DOCUMENT IN FULL WIDTH](https://huggingface.co/hollowstrawberry/stable-diffusion-guide/blob/main/README.md#index)**

 

# Index <a name="index"></a>

* [Introduction](#intro)
* [Google Collab](#collab)
* [Local Installation (Windows + Nvidia)](#install)
* [Getting Started](#start)
    1. [Models](#model)
    1. [VAEs](#vae)
    1. [Prompts](#prompt)
    1. [Generation parameters](#gen)
* [Extensions](#extensions)
* [Loras](#lora)
* [Upscalers](#upscale)
* [ControlNet](#controlnet)
* [Lora Training](#train)
    * [Tips for training character Loras](#trainchars)
 
&nbsp;

# Introduction <a name="intro"></a>[▲](#index)

Stable Diffusion is a very powerful AI image generation software you can run on your own home computer. It uses "models", which function like the brain of the AI, and can make almost anything, given that someone has trained it to do it. The biggest uses are anime art, photorealism, and NSFW content.

The images you create may be used for any purpose, depending on the used model's license. Whether they are "yours" in a legal sense varies by local laws and is often inconclusive. Neither I or any of the people involved in Stable Diffusion or its models are responsible for anything you make, and you are expressively forbidden from creating illegal or harmful content.

&nbsp;

# Google Collab <a name="collab"></a>[▲](#index)

The easiest way to use Stable Diffusion is through Google Collab. It borrows Google's computers to use AI, with variable time limitations, usually a few hours every day. You will need a Google account (or several, wink wink) and we will be using Google Drive for ease of access.

If you instead want to run it on your own computer, [scroll down](#install).

1. Enter [this page](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1wEa-tS10h4LlDykd87TF5zzpXIIQoCmq).

2. Near the top, click **Copy to Drive**. Wait for the new window to open and close the old one. 

3. Turn on the following options under **Configurations**: `output_to_drive, configs_in_drive, no_custom_theme`. Then, turn on the following options under **Models, etc**: `anything_vae`, `wd_vae`, `sd_vae`.
    * You can save the file now if you want, and whenever you add something later.

7. Press the play button to the left, anywhere in the first section of the page labeled **Start 🚀**. Wait a few minutes for it to finish, while a few progress messages appear. Then, a public gradio link will be created, which you can open in a new tab to start using Stable Diffusion. **Keep both of these tabs open!**

8. You can now make some decent anime images thanks to the default **Anything 4.5** model. But we can do better, as well as things other than anime. Also, what are all of these options? [Scroll down ▼](#start) to get started.

&nbsp;

# Local Installation (Windows + Nvidia) <a name="install"></a>[▲](#index)

To run Stable Diffusion on your own computer you'll need at least 16 GB of RAM and 4 GB of VRAM (preferably 8). I will only cover the case where you are running Windows 10/11 and using an NVIDIA graphics card series 16XX, 20XX or 30XX (though 10XX also work). My apologies to AMD, Linux, and Mac users, but their cases are harder to cover. If you don't meet the hardware requirements, you can just proceed with the Google Collab method [above](#collab).

1. Get the latest release from [this page](https://github.com/EmpireMediaScience/A1111-Web-UI-Installer/releases). 

2. Run the installer, choose a simple location to install to, and wait for it to finish.

3. Run the program. You will see a few options. First, turn on **medvram** and **xformers**. You may skip medvram if you have 12 or more GB of VRAM.

4. Set your *Additional Launch Options* to: `--opt-channelslast --no-half-vae` . Any extra options should be separated by spaces.
    * If your graphics card has less than 8 GB of VRAM, add `--opt-split-attention-v1` as it may lower vram usage even further.
    * If you want to run the program from your computer but want to use it in another device, such as your phone, add `--listen`. After launching, use your computer's local IP in the same WiFi network to access the interface.
    * Full list of possible parameters [here](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui/wiki/Command-Line-Arguments-and-Settings)

5. Click **Launch** and wait for a browser window to open with the interface. It may take a while the first time.

6. The page is now open. It's your own private website. The starting page is where you can make your images. But first, we'll go to the **Settings** tab. There will be sections of settings on the left.
    * In the *Stable Diffusion* section, scroll down and increase **Clip Skip** from 1 to 2. This is said to produce better images, specially for anime.
    * In the *User Interface* section, scroll down to **Quicksettings list** and change it to `sd_model_checkpoint, sd_vae`
    * Scroll back up, click the big orange **Apply settings** button, then **Reload UI** next to it.

7. You are more than ready to generate some images, but you only have the basic model available. It's not great, at most it can make some paintings. Also, what are all of these options? See [below ▼](#start) to get started.

&nbsp;

# Getting Started <a name="start"></a>[▲](#index)

Before or after generating your first few images, you will want to take a look at the information below to improve your experience and results.

1. **Models** <a name="model"></a>[▲](#index)

    The **model**, also called **checkpoint**, is the brain of your AI, designed for the purpose of producing certain types of images. There are many options, most of which are on [civitai](https://civitai.com). But which to choose? These are my recommendations:
    * For anime, [7th Heaven Mix](https://civitai.com/models/4669/corneos-7th-heaven-mix) has a nice aesthetic similar to anime movies, while [Abyss Orange Mix 3](https://civitai.com/models/9942/abyssorangemix3-aom3) *(__Note:__ scroll down and choose the AOM3 option)* offers more realism in the form of advanced lighting and softer shading, as well as more lewdness. I remixed the two options above into [Heaven Orange Mix](https://civitai.com/models/14305/heavenorangemix).
    * While AOM3 is extremely capable for NSFW, the popular [Grapefruit](https://civitai.com/models/2583/grapefruit-hentai-model) hentai model may also fit your needs.
    * For general art go with [DreamShaper](https://civitai.com/models/4384/dreamshaper), there are few options quite like it in terms of raw creativity. An honorable mention goes to [Pastel Mix](https://civitai.com/models/5414/pastel-mix-stylized-anime-model), which has a beautiful and unique aesthetic with the addition of anime.
    * For photorealism go with [Deliberate](https://civitai.com/models/4823/deliberate). It can do almost anything, but specially photographs. Very intricate results.
    * The [Uber Realistic Porn Merge](https://civitai.com/models/2661/uber-realistic-porn-merge-urpm) is self-explanatory.
     
    *Launcher:* It will let you choose the path to your models folder. Otherwise the models normally go into `stable-diffusion-webui/models/Stable-diffusion`.

    *Collab:* Copy the **direct download link to the file** and paste it in the text box labeled `custom_urls`. Multiple links are separated by commas.

    Please note that checkpoints in the format `.safetensors` are safe to use while `.ckpt` **may** contain viruses. Be careful.

1. **VAEs** <a name="vae"></a>[▲](#index)

    Most models don't come with a VAE built in. The VAE is a small separate model, which "converts your image from AI format into human format". Without it, you'll get faded colors and ugly eyes, among other things.

    If you're using the collab, you should already have the below VAEs, which you can select at the top of the page, next to your models.

    There are practically only 3 different VAEs out there worth talking about:
    * [anything vae](https://huggingface.co/WarriorMama777/OrangeMixs/resolve/main/VAEs/orangemix.vae.pt), also known as the orangemix vae. All anime models use this.
    * [vae-ft-mse](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/sd-vae-ft-mse-original/blob/main/vae-ft-mse-840000-ema-pruned.safetensors), the latest from Stable Diffusion itself. Used by photorealism models and such.
    * [kl-f8-anime2](https://huggingface.co/hakurei/waifu-diffusion-v1-4/resolve/main/vae/kl-f8-anime2.ckpt), also known as the waifu diffusion VAE, it is older and produces more saturated results. Used by Pastel Mix.

    *Launcher:* It lets you choose the default VAE, otherwise put them in the `stable-diffusion-webui/models/VAE` folder.

1. **Prompts** <a name="prompt"></a>[▲](#index)

    On the first tab, **txt2img**, you'll be making most of your images. This is where you'll find your *prompt* and *negative prompt*.  
    Stable Diffusion is not like Midjourney or other popular image generation software, you can't just ask it what you want and get a good image. You have to be specific. *Very* specific.  
    I will show you an example of a prompt and negative prompt:
   
    * Anime
        * `2d, masterpiece, best quality, anime, highly detailed face, highly detailed eyes, highly detailed background, perfect lighting`
        * `EasyNegative, worst quality, low quality, 3d, realistic, photorealistic, (loli, child, teen, baby face), zombie, animal, multiple views, text, watermark, signature, artist name, artist logo, censored`
     
    * Photorealism
        * `best quality, 4k, 8k, ultra highres, (realistic, photorealistic, RAW photo:1.4), (hdr, sharp focus:1.2), intricate texture, skin imperfections`
        * `EasyNegative, worst quality, low quality, normal quality, child, painting, drawing, sketch, cartoon, anime, render, 3d, blurry, deformed, disfigured, morbid, mutated, bad anatomy, bad art`

    * **EasyNegative:** The negative prompts above use EasyNegative, which is a *textual inversion embedding* or "magic word" that codifies many bad things to make your images better. Typically one would write a very long, very specific, very redundant, and sometimes silly negative prompt. EasyNegative is as of March 2023 the best choice if you want to avoid that.
        * [Get EasyNegative here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/gsdf/EasyNegative/resolve/main/EasyNegative.pt). For collab, paste the link into the `custom_urls` text box. For Windows, put it in your `stable-diffusion-webui/embeddings` folder. Then, go to the bottom of your WebUI page and click *Reload UI*. It will now work when you type the word.

    After a "base prompt" like the above, you may then start typing what you want. For example `young woman in a bikini in the beach, full body shot`. Feel free to add other terms you don't like to your negatives such as `old, ugly, futanari, furry`, etc.  
    You can also save your prompts to reuse later with the buttons below Generate. Click the small 💾 *Save style* button and give it a name. Later, you can open your *Styles* dropdown to choose, then click 📋 *Apply selected styles to the current prompt*.

    Note that when you surround something in `(parentheses)`, it will have more emphasis or **weight** in your resulting image, equal to `1.1`. The normal weight is 1, and each parentheses will multiply by an additional 1.1. You can also specify the weight yourself, like this: `(full body:1.4)`. You can also go below 1 to de-emphasize a word: `[brackets]` will multiply by 0.9, but you must still use normal parentheses to go lower, like `(this:0.5)`.

1. **Generation parameters** <a name="gen"></a>[▲](#index)

    At the top of the page you'll be able to choose your checkpoint and VAE, and we've already covered the prompt. Here are the rest of the options:

    * **Sampling method:** These dictate how your image is formulated, and each produce different results. The default of `Euler a` is almost always the best. There are also very good results for `DPM++ 2M Karras` and `DPM++ SDE Karras`.
    * **Sampling steps:** These are "calculated" beforehand, and so more steps doesn't always mean more detail. I always go with 30, you may go from 20-50 and find good results.
    * **Width and Height:** 512x512 is the default, and you should almost never go above 768 in either direction as it may distort and deform your image. To produce bigger images see `Hires. fix`
    * **Batch Count and Batch Size:** Batch *size* is how many images your graphics card will create at the same time, which is limited by your graphics card. Batch count is how many repeats of those to produce. Batches have sequential seeds, more on seeds below.
    * **CFG Scale:** "Lower values produce more creative results". You should almost always stick to 7, but 4 to 10 is an acceptable range. It gets strange outside that.
    * **Seed:** A number that guides the creation of your image. The same seed with the same prompt and parameters produces almost exacly the same image every time.
  
    **Hires. fix:** Lets you create larger images without distortion. Often used at 2x scale. When selected, more options appear:
    * **Upscaler:** The algorithm to upscale with. `Latent` and its variations produce creative results, and you may also like `R-ESRGAN 4x+` and its anime version. I recommend the Remacri upscaler, see [Upscalers ▼](#upscale). 
    * **Hires steps:** I recommend at least half as many as your sampling steps. Higher values aren't always better, and they take a long time, so be conservative here.
    * **Denoising strength:** The most important parameter. Near 0.0, no detail will be added to the image. Near 1.0, the image will be changed completely. I recommend something between 0.2 and 0.6 depending on the image, to add enough detail as the image gets larger, without *destroying* any original details you like.
    
    Others:
    * **Restore faces:** May improve realistic faces. I never need it with the models and prompts listed in this guide as well as hires fix.
    * **Tiling:** Used to produce repeating textures to put on a grid. Not very useful.
    * **Script:** Lets you access useful features and extensions, such as `X/Y/Z Plot` which lets you compare images with varying parameters on a grid. Very powerful.

&nbsp;
  
# Extensions <a name="extensions"></a>[▲](#index)

*Stable Diffusion WebUI* supports extensions to add additional functionality and quality of life. These can be added by going into the **Extensions** tab, then **Install from URL**, and pasting the links found here or elsewhere. Then, click *Install* and wait for it to finish. Then, go to **Installed** and click *Apply and restart UI*.

Here are some useful extensions, most of these come installed in the collab, and I hugely recommend the first 2 if you're running locally:
* [Image Browser (fixed fork)](https://github.com/aka7774/sd_images_browser) - This will let you browse your past generated images very efficiently, as well as directly sending their prompts and parameters back to txt2img, img2img, etc.
* [TagComplete](https://github.com/DominikDoom/a1111-sd-webui-tagcomplete) - Absolutely essential for anime art. It will show you the matching booru tags as you type. Anime models work via booru tags, and rarely work at all if you go outside them, so knowing them is godmode. Not all tags will work well in all models though, specially if they're rare.
* [ControlNet](https://github.com/Mikubill/sd-webui-controlnet) - A huge extension deserving of its own guide (coming soon). It lets you take AI data from any image and use it as an input for your image. Practically speaking, it can create any pose or environment you want. Very powerful if used with external tools succh as Blender.
* [Ultimate Upscale](https://github.com/Coyote-A/ultimate-upscale-for-automatic1111) - A semi-advanced script usable from the img2img section to make really large images, where normally you can only go as high as your VRAM allows.
* [Two-shot](https://github.com/opparco/stable-diffusion-webui-two-shot) - Normally you can't create more than one distinct character in the same image without them blending together. This extension lets you divide the image into parts; full, left side, right side; allowing you to make nice 2-character images. It is an optional launch setting in the collab.
* [Dynamic Prompts](https://github.com/adieyal/sd-dynamic-prompts) - A script to let you generate randomly chosen elements in your image, among other things.
* [Model Converter](https://github.com/Akegarasu/sd-webui-model-converter) - Lets you convert most 7GB/4GB models down to 2GB, by choosing `safetensors`, `fp16`, and `no-ema`. These pruned models work "almost the same" as the full models, which is to say, there is no appreciable difference due to math reasons. Most models come in 2 GB form nowadays regardless.

&nbsp;

# Loras <a name="lora"></a>[▲](#index)

LoRA or *Low-Rank Adaptation* is a form of **Extra Network** and the latest technology that lets you append a smaller model to any of your full models. They are similar to embeddings, one of which you might've seen [earlier ▲](#prompt), but Loras are larger and often more capable. Technical details omitted.

Loras can represent a character, an artstyle, poses, clothes, or even a human face (though I do not endorse this). Checkpoints are usually capable enough for general work, but when it comes to specific details with little existing examples, they fall short. That's where Loras come in. They can be downloaded from [civitai](https://civitai.com) or [elsewhere (NSFW)](https://gitgud.io/gayshit/makesomefuckingporn#lora-list) and are 144 MB by default, but they can go as low as 1 MB and sometimes several hundreds of MB. Bigger Loras are not necessarily better. They come in `.safetensors` format, same as most checkpoints.

Place your lora files in the `stable-diffusion-webui/models/Lora` folder, or paste the direct download link into the `custom_urls` text box in collab. Then, look for the 🎴 *Show extra networks* button below the big orange Generate button. It will open a new section. Click on the Lora tab and press the **Refresh** button, and your loras should appear. When you click a Lora in that menu it will get added to your prompt, looking like this: `<lora:filename:1>`. The start is always the same. The filename will be the exact filename in your system without the `.safetensors` extension. Finally, the number is the weight, like we saw in [Prompts ▲](#prompt). Most Loras work between 0.5 and 1 weight, and too high values might "fry" your image, specially if using multiple Loras at the same time.

An example of a Lora is [Thicker Lines Anime Style](https://civitai.com/models/13910/thicker-lines-anime-style-lora-mix), which is perfect if you want your images to look more like traditional anime.

&nbsp;

# Upscaling <a name="upscale"></a>[▲](#index)

You can download additional upscalers and put them in your `stable-diffusion-webui/models/ESRGAN` folder, or paste the direct download link into the `custom_urls` text box in collab. They will then be available in Hires fix, SD Upscale, Ultimate SD Upscaler, and Extras.

The collab comes with a few of them, including Remacri, which is one of the best for all sorts of images.

* [A few notable ones can be downloaded here](https://mega.nz/folder/LYdRSK7Y#9_eYXeUDqNbGpQ-FIdYTkg).
* Above are also the 2 files you must put into `stable-diffusion-webui/models/LDSR` if you want to use the advanced yet slow LDSR upscaler.
* [Upscale wiki](https://upscale.wiki/wiki/Model_Database)

Coming soon: How to use ultimate upscaler.

&nbsp;

# ControlNet <a name="controlnet"></a>[▲](#index)

# Lora Training <a name="train"></a>[▲](#index)

    * **Tips for training character Loras** <a name="trainchars"></a>[▲](#index)