Update README.md

README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,307 @@
 ---
 license: apache-2.0
+language:
+- id
+- su
+- jv
 ---
+# **Cendol: Open Instruction-tuned Generative Large Language Models for Indonesian Languages**
+Cendol is an open-source collection of fine-tuned generative large language models in Indonesian languages covering decoder-only and encoder-decoder transformer model architectures ranging in scale from 300 million to 13 billion parameters.
+
+This is the repository for the **1.2B Cendol mT5-large Chat model**. Links to other models can be found below.
+
+## Model Details
+*Note*: Use of Cendol is licensed under the [Apache 2.0 license](https://choosealicense.com/licenses/apache-2.0/)
+
+**Overview**
+
+IndoNLP developed and publicly released the Cendol family of large language models (LLMs), a collection of pretrained and fine-tuned generative text models ranging in scale from 560 million to 13 billion parameters. 
+
+Cendol models cover two instruction-tuned versions: 
+1.  Cendol-Instruct that is instruction-tuned on tasks-specific NLP data such as sentiment analysis, topic modeling, machine translation, summarization, question answering, paraphrasing, etc
+2.  Cendol-Chat that is continuously instruction-tuned from **Cendol-Instruct** on general knowledge and human-centric prompts.
+
+Both Cendol-Instruct and Cendol-Chat are designed for a single-turn conversation. Cendol outperforms open-source multilingual and region-specific LLMs on most benchmarks we tested by a huge margin, with the smaller version (<1B parameters) of Cendol being highly competitive with other LLMs with 7B parameters.
+
+**Model Developers**: IndoNLP
+
+**Variations** 
+
+Cendol comes from 2 base models (mT5 and LLaMA-2) each with a range of parameter sizes. mT5-based Cendol comes with 300M (mT5-small), 580M (mT5-base), 1.2B (mT5-large), 3.7B (mT5-XL), and 13B (mT5-XXL) models, while LLaMA-2-based Cendol comes with 7B (LLaMA2-7B) and 13B (LLaMA2-13B) models. Both variants come with Cendol-Instruct and Cendol-Chat variations. All 13B parameter models are tuned with LoRA, while others are fully fine-tuned.
+
+In our paper, we showcase that adapting region-specific LLMs using LoRA is ineffective and inefficient, i.e., the 13B (mT5-XXL) Cendol models perform slightly worse than the 1.2B (mT5-large) Cendol models, while having 3x slower training time and 4x slower inference time. As an alternative to LoRA, we showcase the benefits of vocabulary substitution as an effective and efficient strategy for region-specific adaptation, where we improve the efficiency by **11.50%** and **18.71%** for training and inference times, respectively. 
+In terms of evaluation performance, we also showcase that the model performs on par with the Cendol model trained with the original vocabulary. We also release the Indonesian vocabulary-adapted model denoted as `Indonesian-Vocab Instruct`.
+
+**Input-Output**: Models input and output are text only.
+
+**Model Architecture**
+
+|Model|Training Data|Params|Tuning Strategy|LR|
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+|[Cendol mT5-small Instruct](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-small-inst)|[NusaT2T v1]()|300M|Fully-Finetuned|3.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-base Instruct](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-base-inst)|[NusaT2T v1]()|580M|Fully-Finetuned|3.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-large Instruct](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-large-inst)|[NusaT2T v1]()|1.2B|Fully-Finetuned|3.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-xl Instruct](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-xl-inst)|[NusaT2T v1]()|3.7B|Fully-Finetuned|3.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-xxl Instruct](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-xxl-merged-inst)|[NusaT2T v1]()|13B|LoRA|2.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup>|
+|[Cendol LLaMA-2 (7B) Instruct](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-llama2-7b-inst)|[NusaT2T v1]()|7B|Fully-Finetuned|2.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup>|
+|[Cendol LLaMA-2 (7B) Indonesian-Vocab Instruct](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-llama2-ind-vocab-inst)|[NusaT2T v1]()|7B|Fully-Finetuned|2.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup>|
+|[Cendol LLaMA-2 (13B) Instruct](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-llama2-13b-merged-inst)|[NusaT2T v1]()|13B|LoRA|2.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-small Chat](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-small-chat)|[NusaT2T v2]()|300M|Fully-Finetuned|3.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-base Chat](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-base-chat)|[NusaT2T v2]()|580M|Fully-Finetuned|3.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-large Chat](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-large-chat)|[NusaT2T v2]()|1.2B|Fully-Finetuned|3.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-xl Chat](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-xl-chat)|[NusaT2T v2]()|3.7B|Fully-Finetuned|3.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup>|
+|[Cendol mT5-xxl Chat](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-mt5-xxl-merged-chat)|[NusaT2T v2]()|13B|LoRA|2.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup>|
+|[Cendol LLaMA-2 (7B) Chat](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-llama2-7b-chat)|[NusaT2T v2]()|7B|Fully-Finetuned|1.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup>|
+|[Cendol LLaMA-2 (13B) Chat](https://huggingface.co/indonlp/cendol-llama2-13b-merged-chat)|[NusaT2T v2]()|13B|LoRA|2.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup>|
+
+**Model Dates** Cendol was trained between October 2023 and January 2024.
+
+**License** Use of Cendol is licensed under the [Apache 2.0 license](https://choosealicense.com/licenses/apache-2.0/)
+
+**Research Paper** ["Cendol: Open Instruction-tuned Generative Large Language Models for Indonesian Languages"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.06138)
+
+## Intended Use
+**Intended Use Cases** Cendol is intended for research use especially on Indonesian languages. Cendol models are intended for a single turn instruction, with Cendol-Instruct models can be used for task-specific instruction, while Cendol-Chat models can be used for general knowledge instruction.
+
+**Out-of-scope Uses** Use in any manner that violates applicable laws or regulations (including trade compliance laws). Use in languages other than English and Indonesian languages. Use in any other way that is prohibited by the Acceptable Use Policy and Licensing Agreement for Cendol.
+
+## Evaluation Results
+
+In this section, we report the results for the Cendol models on large-scale NLU and NLG benchmarks. For all the evaluations, we use our internal evaluations library.
+
+#### NLU Performance
+<img width="938" alt="NLU Performance" src="https://github.com/IndoNLP/indo-t0/assets/2826602/7656f005-f261-4982-ad06-f18dc57d5e3b">
+
+#### NLG Performance
+<img width="940" alt="NLG Performance" src="https://github.com/IndoNLP/indo-t0/assets/2826602/4942caea-35df-44e1-a95b-53a027c6115f">
+
+#### Human evaluation
+<img width="456" alt="Human Evaluation" src="https://github.com/IndoNLP/indo-t0/assets/2826602/6128257f-d36c-4dbb-8f6c-4b936bc2ea66">
+
+
+## Ethical Considerations and Limitations
+Cendol is a new technology that carries risks with its use. Testing conducted to date has been in Indonesian, and has not covered, nor could it cover all scenarios. For these reasons, as with all LLMs, Cendol’s potential outputs cannot be predicted in advance, and the model may in some instances produce inaccurate, biased or other objectionable responses to user prompts. Therefore, before deploying any applications of Cendol, developers should perform safety testing and tuning tailored to their specific applications of the model.
+
+## Citation
+If you are using any resources including Cendol models, code, or data, please cite the following articles:
+```
+@misc{cahyawijaya-etal-2024-cendol,
+      title={Cendol: Open Instruction-tuned Generative Large Language Models for Indonesian Languages}, 
+      author={Samuel Cahyawijaya and Holy Lovenia and Fajri Koto and Rifki Afina Putri and Emmanuel Dave and Jhonson Lee and Nuur Shadieq and Wawan Cenggoro and Salsabil Maulana Akbar and Muhammad Ihza Mahendra and Dea Annisayanti Putri and Bryan Wilie and Genta Indra Winata and Alham Fikri Aji and Ayu Purwarianti and Pascale Fung},
+      year={2024},
+      eprint={2404.06138},
+      archivePrefix={arXiv},
+      primaryClass={cs.CL}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{cahyawijaya-etal-2023-nusacrowd,
+    title = "{N}usa{C}rowd: Open Source Initiative for {I}ndonesian {NLP} Resources",
+    author = "Cahyawijaya, Samuel  and
+      Lovenia, Holy  and
+      Aji, Alham Fikri  and
+      Winata, Genta  and
+      Wilie, Bryan  and
+      Koto, Fajri  and
+      Mahendra, Rahmad  and
+      Wibisono, Christian  and
+      Romadhony, Ade  and
+      Vincentio, Karissa  and
+      Santoso, Jennifer  and
+      Moeljadi, David  and
+      Wirawan, Cahya  and
+      Hudi, Frederikus  and
+      Wicaksono, Muhammad Satrio  and
+      Parmonangan, Ivan  and
+      Alfina, Ika  and
+      Putra, Ilham Firdausi  and
+      Rahmadani, Samsul  and
+      Oenang, Yulianti  and
+      Septiandri, Ali  and
+      Jaya, James  and
+      Dhole, Kaustubh  and
+      Suryani, Arie  and
+      Putri, Rifki Afina  and
+      Su, Dan  and
+      Stevens, Keith  and
+      Nityasya, Made Nindyatama  and
+      Adilazuarda, Muhammad  and
+      Hadiwijaya, Ryan  and
+      Diandaru, Ryandito  and
+      Yu, Tiezheng  and
+      Ghifari, Vito  and
+      Dai, Wenliang  and
+      Xu, Yan  and
+      Damapuspita, Dyah  and
+      Wibowo, Haryo  and
+      Tho, Cuk  and
+      Karo Karo, Ichwanul  and
+      Fatyanosa, Tirana  and
+      Ji, Ziwei  and
+      Neubig, Graham  and
+      Baldwin, Timothy  and
+      Ruder, Sebastian  and
+      Fung, Pascale  and
+      Sujaini, Herry  and
+      Sakti, Sakriani  and
+      Purwarianti, Ayu",
+    editor = "Rogers, Anna  and
+      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
+      Okazaki, Naoaki",
+    booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023",
+    month = jul,
+    year = "2023",
+    address = "Toronto, Canada",
+    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
+    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-acl.868",
+    doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.868",
+    pages = "13745--13818"
+}
+```
+
+Additionally, if you are inspired by our work on region-specific language models especially for Indonesian and its local languages, please also consider citing the following articles:
+```
+@inproceedings{cahyawijaya-etal-2023-nusawrites,
+    title = "{N}usa{W}rites: Constructing High-Quality Corpora for Underrepresented and Extremely Low-Resource Languages",
+    author = "Cahyawijaya, Samuel  and
+      Lovenia, Holy  and
+      Koto, Fajri  and
+      Adhista, Dea  and
+      Dave, Emmanuel  and
+      Oktavianti, Sarah  and
+      Akbar, Salsabil  and
+      Lee, Jhonson  and
+      Shadieq, Nuur  and
+      Cenggoro, Tjeng Wawan  and
+      Linuwih, Hanung  and
+      Wilie, Bryan  and
+      Muridan, Galih  and
+      Winata, Genta  and
+      Moeljadi, David  and
+      Aji, Alham Fikri  and
+      Purwarianti, Ayu  and
+      Fung, Pascale",
+    editor = "Park, Jong C.  and
+      Arase, Yuki  and
+      Hu, Baotian  and
+      Lu, Wei  and
+      Wijaya, Derry  and
+      Purwarianti, Ayu  and
+      Krisnadhi, Adila Alfa",
+    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 3rd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
+    month = nov,
+    year = "2023",
+    address = "Nusa Dua, Bali",
+    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
+    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.ijcnlp-main.60",
+    doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.ijcnlp-main.60",
+    pages = "921--945"
+}
+
+@inproceedings{winata-etal-2023-nusax,
+    title = "{N}usa{X}: Multilingual Parallel Sentiment Dataset for 10 {I}ndonesian Local Languages",
+    author = "Winata, Genta Indra  and
+      Aji, Alham Fikri  and
+      Cahyawijaya, Samuel  and
+      Mahendra, Rahmad  and
+      Koto, Fajri  and
+      Romadhony, Ade  and
+      Kurniawan, Kemal  and
+      Moeljadi, David  and
+      Prasojo, Radityo Eko  and
+      Fung, Pascale  and
+      Baldwin, Timothy  and
+      Lau, Jey Han  and
+      Sennrich, Rico  and
+      Ruder, Sebastian",
+    editor = "Vlachos, Andreas  and
+      Augenstein, Isabelle",
+    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
+    month = may,
+    year = "2023",
+    address = "Dubrovnik, Croatia",
+    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
+    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.eacl-main.57",
+    doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.eacl-main.57",
+    pages = "815--834"
+}
+
+@inproceedings{aji-etal-2022-one,
+    title = "One Country, 700+ Languages: {NLP} Challenges for Underrepresented Languages and Dialects in {I}ndonesia",
+    author = "Aji, Alham Fikri  and
+      Winata, Genta Indra  and
+      Koto, Fajri  and
+      Cahyawijaya, Samuel  and
+      Romadhony, Ade  and
+      Mahendra, Rahmad  and
+      Kurniawan, Kemal  and
+      Moeljadi, David  and
+      Prasojo, Radityo Eko  and
+      Baldwin, Timothy  and
+      Lau, Jey Han  and
+      Ruder, Sebastian",
+    editor = "Muresan, Smaranda  and
+      Nakov, Preslav  and
+      Villavicencio, Aline",
+    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
+    month = may,
+    year = "2022",
+    address = "Dublin, Ireland",
+    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
+    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.500",
+    doi = "10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.500",
+    pages = "7226--7249"
+}
+
+@inproceedings{cahyawijaya-etal-2021-indonlg,
+    title = "{I}ndo{NLG}: Benchmark and Resources for Evaluating {I}ndonesian Natural Language Generation",
+    author = "Cahyawijaya, Samuel  and
+      Winata, Genta Indra  and
+      Wilie, Bryan  and
+      Vincentio, Karissa  and
+      Li, Xiaohong  and
+      Kuncoro, Adhiguna  and
+      Ruder, Sebastian  and
+      Lim, Zhi Yuan  and
+      Bahar, Syafri  and
+      Khodra, Masayu  and
+      Purwarianti, Ayu  and
+      Fung, Pascale",
+    editor = "Moens, Marie-Francine  and
+      Huang, Xuanjing  and
+      Specia, Lucia  and
+      Yih, Scott Wen-tau",
+    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
+    month = nov,
+    year = "2021",
+    address = "Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
+    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
+    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.699",
+    doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.699",
+    pages = "8875--8898"
+}
+
+@inproceedings{wilie-etal-2020-indonlu,
+    title = "{I}ndo{NLU}: Benchmark and Resources for Evaluating {I}ndonesian Natural Language Understanding",
+    author = "Wilie, Bryan  and
+      Vincentio, Karissa  and
+      Winata, Genta Indra  and
+      Cahyawijaya, Samuel  and
+      Li, Xiaohong  and
+      Lim, Zhi Yuan  and
+      Soleman, Sidik  and
+      Mahendra, Rahmad  and
+      Fung, Pascale  and
+      Bahar, Syafri  and
+      Purwarianti, Ayu",
+    editor = "Wong, Kam-Fai  and
+      Knight, Kevin  and
+      Wu, Hua",
+    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 10th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
+    month = dec,
+    year = "2020",
+    address = "Suzhou, China",
+    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
+    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.aacl-main.85",
+    pages = "843--857"
+}
+```