---
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity
- transformers
- semantic-search
- character-transformer
- hierarchical-transformer
language:
- en
- grc
---

# shlm-grc-en

## Sentence embeddings for English and Ancient Greek

This model creates sentence embeddings in a shared vector space for Ancient Greek and English text.

The base model uses a modified version of the HLM architecture described in [Heidelberg-Boston @ SIGTYP 2024 Shared Task: Enhancing Low-Resource Language Analysis With Character-Aware Hierarchical Transformers](https://aclanthology.org/2024.sigtyp-1.16/) ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.20145))

This model is trained to produce sentence embeddings using the multilingual knowledge distillation method and datasets described in [Sentence Embedding Models for Ancient Greek Using Multilingual Knowledge Distillation](https://aclanthology.org/2023.alp-1.2/) ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.13116)).

This model was distilled from `BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5` for embedding English and Ancient Greek text.

## Usage (Sentence-Transformers)

**This model is currently incompatible with the latest version of the sentence-transformers library.**

For now, either use HuggingFace Transformers directly (see below) or the following fork of sentence-transformers:
https://github.com/kevinkrahn/sentence-transformers

You can use the model with sentence-transformers like this:

```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"]

model = SentenceTransformer('kevinkrahn/shlm-grc-en')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)
```



## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)
Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings.

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch


def cls_pooling(model_output):
    return model_output[0][:,0]


# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
sentences = ['This is an English sentence', 'Ὁ Παρθενών ἐστιν ἱερὸν καλὸν τῆς Ἀθήνης.']

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('kevinkrahn/shlm-grc-en', trust_remote_code=True)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('kevinkrahn/shlm-grc-en', trust_remote_code=True)

# Tokenize sentences
encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    model_output = model(**encoded_input)

# Perform pooling. In this case, cls pooling.
sentence_embeddings = cls_pooling(model_output)

print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)

```

## Citing & Authors

If you use this model please cite the following papers:

```
@inproceedings{riemenschneider-krahn-2024-heidelberg,
    title = "Heidelberg-Boston @ {SIGTYP} 2024 Shared Task: Enhancing Low-Resource Language Analysis With Character-Aware Hierarchical Transformers",
    author = "Riemenschneider, Frederick  and
      Krahn, Kevin",
    editor = "Hahn, Michael  and
      Sorokin, Alexey  and
      Kumar, Ritesh  and
      Shcherbakov, Andreas  and
      Otmakhova, Yulia  and
      Yang, Jinrui  and
      Serikov, Oleg  and
      Rani, Priya  and
      Ponti, Edoardo M.  and
      Murado{\u{g}}lu, Saliha  and
      Gao, Rena  and
      Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Vylomova, Ekaterina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Research in Computational Linguistic Typology and Multilingual NLP",
    month = mar,
    year = "2024",
    address = "St. Julian's, Malta",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.sigtyp-1.16",
    pages = "131--141",
}
```

```
@inproceedings{krahn-etal-2023-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Embedding Models for {A}ncient {G}reek Using Multilingual Knowledge Distillation",
    author = "Krahn, Kevin  and
      Tate, Derrick  and
      Lamicela, Andrew C.",
    editor = "Anderson, Adam  and
      Gordin, Shai  and
      Li, Bin  and
      Liu, Yudong  and
      Passarotti, Marco C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Ancient Language Processing Workshop",
    month = sep,
    year = "2023",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd., Shoumen, Bulgaria",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.alp-1.2",
    pages = "13--22",
}

```