---
base_model: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
datasets:
- sentence-transformers/stsb
language:
- en
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- pearson_cosine
- spearman_cosine
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:5749
- loss:CoSENTLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: The man talked to a girl over the internet camera.
sentences:
- A group of elderly people pose around a dining table.
- A teenager talks to a girl over a webcam.
- There is no 'still' that is not relative to some other object.
- source_sentence: A woman is writing something.
sentences:
- Two eagles are perched on a branch.
- It refers to the maximum f-stop (which is defined as the ratio of focal length
to effective aperture diameter).
- A woman is chopping green onions.
- source_sentence: The player shoots the winning points.
sentences:
- Minimum wage laws hurt the least skilled, least productive the most.
- The basketball player is about to score points for his team.
- Sheep are grazing in the field in front of a line of trees.
- source_sentence: Stars form in star-formation regions, which itself develop from
molecular clouds.
sentences:
- Although I believe Searle is mistaken, I don't think you have found the problem.
- It may be possible for a solar system like ours to exist outside of a galaxy.
- A blond-haired child performing on the trumpet in front of a house while his younger
brother watches.
- source_sentence: While Queen may refer to both Queen regent (sovereign) or Queen
consort, the King has always been the sovereign.
sentences:
- At first, I thought this is a bit of a tricky question.
- A man sitting on the floor in a room is strumming a guitar.
- There is a very good reason not to refer to the Queen's spouse as "King" - because
they aren't the King.
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
results:
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: sts dev
type: sts-dev
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.8824044527932291
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.8877120731943559
name: Spearman Cosine
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: sts test
type: sts-test
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.8563932754196473
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.8684460865056831
name: Spearman Cosine
---
# SentenceTransformer based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [answerdotai/ModernBERT-base](https://huggingface.co/answerdotai/ModernBERT-base) on the [stsb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/stsb) dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [answerdotai/ModernBERT-base](https://huggingface.co/answerdotai/ModernBERT-base)
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 8192 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Training Dataset:**
- [stsb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/stsb)
- **Language:** en
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 8192, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: ModernBertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("nickprock/ModernBERT-base-sts")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'While Queen may refer to both Queen regent (sovereign) or Queen consort, the King has always been the sovereign.',
'There is a very good reason not to refer to the Queen\'s spouse as "King" - because they aren\'t the King.',
'A man sitting on the floor in a room is strumming a guitar.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Semantic Similarity
* Datasets: `sts-dev` and `sts-test`
* Evaluated with [EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)
| Metric | sts-dev | sts-test |
|:--------------------|:-----------|:-----------|
| pearson_cosine | 0.8824 | 0.8564 |
| **spearman_cosine** | **0.8877** | **0.8684** |
## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### stsb
* Dataset: [stsb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/stsb) at [ab7a5ac](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/stsb/tree/ab7a5ac0e35aa22088bdcf23e7fd99b220e53308)
* Size: 5,749 training samples
* Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | float |
| details | - min: 6 tokens
- mean: 10.16 tokens
- max: 28 tokens
| - min: 6 tokens
- mean: 10.12 tokens
- max: 25 tokens
| - min: 0.0
- mean: 0.45
- max: 1.0
|
* Samples:
| sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:-----------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------|
| A plane is taking off. | An air plane is taking off. | 1.0 |
| A man is playing a large flute. | A man is playing a flute. | 0.76 |
| A man is spreading shreded cheese on a pizza. | A man is spreading shredded cheese on an uncooked pizza. | 0.76 |
* Loss: [CoSENTLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
}
```
### Evaluation Dataset
#### stsb
* Dataset: [stsb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/stsb) at [ab7a5ac](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/stsb/tree/ab7a5ac0e35aa22088bdcf23e7fd99b220e53308)
* Size: 1,500 evaluation samples
* Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | float |
| details | - min: 5 tokens
- mean: 15.11 tokens
- max: 44 tokens
| - min: 6 tokens
- mean: 15.1 tokens
- max: 50 tokens
| - min: 0.0
- mean: 0.42
- max: 1.0
|
* Samples:
| sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:--------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------|:------------------|
| A man with a hard hat is dancing. | A man wearing a hard hat is dancing. | 1.0 |
| A young child is riding a horse. | A child is riding a horse. | 0.95 |
| A man is feeding a mouse to a snake. | The man is feeding a mouse to the snake. | 1.0 |
* Loss: [CoSENTLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
#### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional