diff --git "a/lancedb/cbse.lance/data/35474e32-ff12-4a09-b5d0-f20aa004d5a8.lance" "b/lancedb/cbse.lance/data/35474e32-ff12-4a09-b5d0-f20aa004d5a8.lance" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/lancedb/cbse.lance/data/35474e32-ff12-4a09-b5d0-f20aa004d5a8.lance" @@ -0,0 +1,50757 @@ +CHAPTER 4 HISTORY--THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 Notes Social Science History Chapter 4 +Key Concepts: +An association of craftsmen or merchants following same craft to protect the members interest and supervise the standard of the work. +Tanning. Convert raw hide into leather by soaking in liquid containing tannic acid. +Food processing. Technique of chopping and mixing food for making jam, juices, etc. +Victorian Britain. Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria. +Brewery. A place where beer etc. is brewed commercially. Brewing is a process of infusion, boiling and fermentation. +Vagrant. A person without a settled home or regular work. +Bourgeois. The upper middle class. +Gomastha. An Indian word meaning an agent, a middle man between the merchant and weavers. +Stapler. A person who staples or sorts wool according to its fiber. +Industrialisation: +Production of goods with the help of machines in factories. The first industrialized Nation-Britain. +Features:CHAPTER 4 HISTORY--THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Stapler. A person who staples or sorts wool according to its fiber. +Industrialisation: +Production of goods with the help of machines in factories. The first industrialized Nation-Britain. +Features: +Handmade goods to machine made goods in factories, cottage to factory, large scale production, started in England in later parts of 18th Century. In course of time, it affected all systems of production. +Before Industrial Revolution +Proto-Industrialisation: +Production in 17th century, artisans worked for merchants to produce goods, artisans took raw material from merchants for production. Their cottages functioned as a factory. +Association of producers, trained craft people maintained control over production, restricted entry of new traders. This period saw the coming of factories. +Coming up of factories: +Early factories in England came up by the 1730s. +First symbol of new era-cotton mill +Many factories sprang up in EnglandCHAPTER 4 HISTORY--THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Coming up of factories: +Early factories in England came up by the 1730s. +First symbol of new era-cotton mill +Many factories sprang up in England +A series of inventions took place in the form of carding, twisting, spinning and rolling. +The pace of Industrial change: +Cotton and iron and steel industries were the most dynamic industries. +New industries could not displace traditional ones. +Technological changes occurred slowly. +Steam engine invented by James Watt had no buyers for years. +New technologies were slow to be accepted. +Hand labor and stream power: +In Victorian Britain there was no shortage of human labor. +In many industries the demand for labor was seasonal. +Range of products could be produced only with hand labor. +There was a demand for intricate designs. +Upper classes preferred things produced by hand. +Life of the worker: +Abundance of labor affected the life of workers badly. +Labour was seasonal. +Fear of unemployment made workers hostile to new technology.CHAPTER 4 HISTORY--THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Life of the worker: +Abundance of labor affected the life of workers badly. +Labour was seasonal. +Fear of unemployment made workers hostile to new technology. +Women labors protested against the introduction of the Spinning Jenny. +Introduction of railways opened greater opportunities. +Industrialisation in the colonies: +Textile industry was the center of industrialization in India. +Age of Indian textiles +Finer varieties of cotton from India were exported. +A vibrant sea trade operated through pre-colonial ports. +What happened to weavers? +East India Company appointed “gomasthas” to collect supply from weavers. +Weavers lost bargaining power and lost lands for settling loans. +Gomasthas: +The Gomasthas were paid servants whose job was to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth.CHAPTER 4 HISTORY--THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Weavers lost bargaining power and lost lands for settling loans. +Gomasthas: +The Gomasthas were paid servants whose job was to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth. +The aim of the East India Company behind appointing gomasthas was to work out a system of management and control that would eliminate competition, control costs and ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk. +Soon there were clashes between the weavers and the gomasthas who began ill-treating the weavers. +They did not allow the company weavers to sell their produce to other buyers. Once an order +was placed, the weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material. Weavers who had accepted loans from the company had to hand over the cloth they produced to the gomasthas only. +The weavers were forced to sell their goods to company’s officials. +When the American Civil War broke out and cotton supplies from the US were cut off, Britain’s demand for raw cotton from India increased.CHAPTER 4 HISTORY--THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +When the American Civil War broke out and cotton supplies from the US were cut off, Britain’s demand for raw cotton from India increased. +Manchester comes to India: +By 1950s, India began to import Manchester cotton from Britain. +With the rise in Manchester imports, Indian export and local market declined. +Supply of raw cotton in India decreased. +Weavers were forced to buy cotton at high prices. +Factories come up: +Industries were set up in different regions. +First cotton mill came in Bombay in 1854. +The first jute mill came up in Bengal in 1855. +1830s-1840s—Dwarakanath Tagore setup six-joint stock companies in Bengal. +Capital was accumulated through other trade networks. +Till the First World War European managing agencies in fact controlled large sectors of Indian industries. +Where did the workers come from? +Most of the workers came from Indian villages. +Peculiarities of industrial growth: +Early Indian cotton mills made coarse cotton yam.CHAPTER 4 HISTORY--THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Where did the workers come from? +Most of the workers came from Indian villages. +Peculiarities of industrial growth: +Early Indian cotton mills made coarse cotton yam. +During the First World War Manchester imports to India declined. +Indian factories supplied goods for war needs. +Small scale industries predominated: +Most of the Industries were located in Bengal and Bombay. +A small portion of total industrial labor worked in factories. +Use of fly shuttle increased handicraft. +Market for goods: +Advertisements helps in creating new consumers. +When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles, to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. When buyers saw ‘Made in Manchester’, written in bold on the label, they felt confident to buy the cloth.CHAPTER 4 HISTORY--THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +The labels carried images and were beautifully illustrated with images of Indian gods and goddesses. The printed image of Krishna or Saraswati was also intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land, appear familiar to Indians. +Manufacturers also printed calendars to popularize their products. +When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud. If you care for the nation,. then buy only ‘Indian’ products. Advertisements became a vehicle of the nationalist message of Swadeshi.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +Very Short Answer Questions(VSA) 1 Mark +Question 1. +What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to the French Revolution in Europe? (2015 D) +Answer: +It led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny. +Question 2. +What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries? (2015 OD) +Answer: +The main aim of the French revolutionaries was to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. They proclaimed that it was the people who would constitute the nation and shape its decisions. +Question 3. +What is the meaning of concentration camps? (2015 OD) +Answer: +Concentration camps are prisons where people are detained and tortured without due process of law. +Question 4. +Name the Treaty of 1832 that recognised Greece as an independent nation. (2016 D)CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Concentration camps are prisons where people are detained and tortured without due process of law. +Question 4. +Name the Treaty of 1832 that recognised Greece as an independent nation. (2016 D) +Answer: +Treaty of 1832: Constantinople +Question 5. +Name the event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848? (2016 D) +Answer: +The Greek War of Independence in 1821. +Question 6. +What was the main aim of revolutionaries of Europe during the years following 1815? (2016 D) +Answer: +The main aim of revolutionaries of Europe was to oppose monarchial forms of government. +Question 7. +Who remarked “when France sneezes the rest of Europe catches cold”. (2016 OD) +Answer: +Duke Metternich +Question 8. +Who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871? (2016 OD) +Answer: +Kaiser William I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871. +Question 9.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Answer: +Kaiser William I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871. +Question 9. +Who was proclaimed the King of United Italy in 1861? (2016 OD) +Answer: +Victor Emmanuel-II +Short Answer Questions (SA) 3 Marks +Question 10. +Explain any three beliefs of the conservatism that emerged after 1815. (2011 D) +Answer: +Three beliefs of conservatism that emerged after 1815 were: +Established and traditional institutions of state and society like monarchy, the Church, property and family should be preserved. +They believed in the modernization of the traditional institution to strengthen them, rather than returning to the society of pre-revolutionary days. +Also they believed that abolition of feudalism and serfdom and replacing it with a modern army, an efficient bureaucracy and a dynamic economy could strengthen autocratic monarchies of Europe. +Question 11. +Explain the contribution of Otto von Bismarck in German unification. (2011 D) +Answer:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 11. +Explain the contribution of Otto von Bismarck in German unification. (2011 D) +Answer: +Contribution of Otto von Bismarck in German unification. Nationalist feelings started spreading amongst the middle class Germans, who in 1848, tried to unite different parts of German confederation into a nation state to have an elected parliamentarian government. However, this liberal movement was repressed by the combined forces of monarchy and military supported by Prussian landowners. +Prussian Chief Minister, Otto von Bismarck, took the responsibility of national unification with the help of Prussian army and bureaucracy. Under his leadership he fought three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark and France. Prussia was victorious in all these wars and the process of unification of Germany was completed as a result of Prussia’s victory over France. +Question 12.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 12. +Explain any three ways in which nationalist feelings were kept alive in Poland in the 18th and 19th centuries. (2011 OD) +Answer: +The three ways in which nationalist feelings were kept alive in 18th and 19th centuries in Poland: +(i) Emphasis on vernacular language. Language played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. The use of the Polish language came to be seen as a symbol of struggle against Russian dominance. For example, In Poland, following armed rebellion against Russian rule, Polish was used for church gatherings and religious instruction. As a result, a number of priests and bishops were put in jails or sent to Siberia as punishment for their refusal to preach in Russian. +(ii) Emphasis on collection of local folklore. It was not just to recover an ancient national spirit, but also to carry the modern nationalist message to the large audience who were mostly illiterate.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +(iii) Use of music to keep the nationalist feeling alive. For example, Karol Kurpinski, celebrated the national struggle through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols. +Question 13. +Explain the contribution of Giuseppe Mazzini in spreading revolutionary ideas in Europe. (2011 OD) +Answer: +The year following 1815, was the period of revolutionaries. Most of the revolutionaries were committed to oppose monarchical forms and to fight for liberty and freedom +One such prominent revolutionary was “Giuseppe Mazzini”, an Italian revolutionary. Mazzini also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part in the struggle for freedom. Ele strongly believed in the unification of Italy as a single unified republic which could be the basis of Italian liberty.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of a democratic republic frightened the Conservatives. His ideas also influenced the revolutionaries of Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Question 14. Describe any three reforms introduced by Napoleon in the territories he conquered. (2011 D) +Answer: +Three reforms introduced by Napoleon in the territories he conquered were: +The Napoleonic Code —It finished all the privileges based on birth and established equality before law and secured the right to property. +He simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. +He introduced uniform laws, standardized weights and measures and common national currency to facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one place to another. +Question 15. +Explain any three causes of conflict in the ‘Balkan area’ after 1871. (2011 OD) +Answer:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 15. +Explain any three causes of conflict in the ‘Balkan area’ after 1871. (2011 OD) +Answer: +The nationalist tensions emerged in the Balkans due to the following reasons: +(i) Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were known as the Slavs. A large part of Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman empire. +(ii) After the decline of the Ottoman empire and the growth of romantic nationalism in the Balkans, the region became very explosive. Its European subject nationalities broke away from its control and declared independence. +(iii) As the different nationalities struggled to define their identity and independence, the Balkan area became an area of intense conflict. The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of others.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +(iv) Balkan also became the scene of big power rivalry. Russia, Germany, England, Austria, Hungry — all big powers were keen in countering the hold of other powers. This ultimately turned Balkan into a war region which eventually provided a minor cause for the First World War. +Question 16. +How did the local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon react to French rule? Explain. (2014 D) +Answer: +The reactions of the local population to the French rule were mixed. +Initially, in many places such as Holland and Switzerland, as well as in cities like Brussels, Mainz, Milan and Warsaw, the French armies were welcomed as harbingers of liberty. As new administrative arrangements did not go hand in hand with political freedom, enthusiasm turned into hostility. Increased taxation, censorship, forced conscription into the French armies to conquer the rest of Europe, outweighed the advantages of the administrative changes. +Question 17.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 17. +Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the nineteenth century in Europe. (2014 OD) +Answer: +In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on movement of goods and capital. +But in the 19th century Napoleon’s administrative measures had created out of countless small principalities a confederation of 39 states. Each possessed its own currency, and weights and measures. +A merchant travelling from Hamburg to Nuremberg had to pass through 11 custom barriers and pay 5% duty at each one of them. +As each region had its own system of weights and measures this involved time-consuming calculations. +Such conditions were viewed as obstacles to economic growth and exchange by the new commercial classes who argued for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing free movement of goods, people and capital. +Question 18.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 18. +Describe the events of French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to other parts of Europe. (2015 D) +Answer: +The first clear-cut expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. In 1789, France was under the rule of an absolute monarch. +When the revolutionaries came to power in France, they were determined to create a new sense of unity and nationhood. For this, they emphasized the concept of France being the father land (La Patrie) for all French people, who were from now on addressed as citizens (citoyen). They were given the tri-colour flag, the three colours representing liberty, equality and fraternity. +French revolutionaries introduced various other measures such as: +The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. +New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. +New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation. +A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. +Internal customs, duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. +Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation. +They further declared that it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the people of Europe from despotism and help them to become nations. +Question 19. +How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain. (2015 OD, 2013 OD) +Or +Describe the role of culture in shaping the feelings of nationalism in Europe from 1830 to the end of 19th century. +Answer:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Or +Describe the role of culture in shaping the feelings of nationalism in Europe from 1830 to the end of 19th century. +Answer: +Culture, music, dance and religion played an important role in the growth of nationalism. +(i) Culture. Role of culture was important in creating the idea of the nation. Art, poetry, music etc. helped in developing and expressing nationalist feelings. Romanticism was a cultural movement that led to the development of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets criticized the glorification of reason and science and instead focussed on emotions and intuition.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +(ii) Language. Language too played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. After Russian occupation, the Polish language was forced out of schools and Russian language was imposed everywhere. In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place which was ultimately crushed. Following this, many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance. +(iii) Music and Dance. Romantics such as the German philosopher Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people —das volk. It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation was popularised. +Question 20. +How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during nineteenth century in Europe? Analyse. (2016 D) +Answer:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 20. +How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during nineteenth century in Europe? Analyse. (2016 D) +Answer: +Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries portrayed nations as female figures. The female form, that was chosen to personify the nation, did not stand for any particular woman in real life. Rather it sought to give the abstract idea of the nation in concrete form. That is, the female figure became the allegory of the nation. +In France, she was named Marianne —a popular Christian name and in Germany, Germania. Germania wears a crown of oak leaves as the German oak stands for heroism. The characteristics of Marianne were drawn from those of Liberty and Republic —the red cap, the tricolour and cockade. +Question 21. +Describe any three steps taken by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. (2017 D) +Answer:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 21. +Describe any three steps taken by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. (2017 D) +Answer: +The first clear-cut expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. In 1789, France was under the rule of an absolute monarch. +When the revolutionaries came to power in France, they were determined to create a new sense of unity and nationhood For this, they emphasized the concept of France being the father land (La Patrie) for all French people, who were from now on addressed as citizens (citoyen). They were given the tri-colour flag, the three colours representing liberty, equality and fraternity. +French revolutionaries introduced various other measures such as: +The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. +New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. +New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation. +A centralized administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. +Internal customs, duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. +Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation. +They further declared that it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the people of Europe from despotism and help them to become nations. +Question 22. +Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s. 2017OD +Answer: +Following are the causes of economic hardships in Europe during 1830s:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 22. +Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s. 2017OD +Answer: +Following are the causes of economic hardships in Europe during 1830s: +Europe had come under the grip of large scale unemployment. In most of the countries there were more seekers of jobs than employment. Cities had become overcrowded and slums had emerged as population from the rural areas migrated to the cities. +Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine- made goods from England where industrialization was more advanced specially in the field of textile production. +In those regions of Europe, where aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations. The rise of food prices and bad harvests added to the hardships of the peasants. +Long Answer Questions 5 Marks +Question 23. +What did Liberal Nationalism stand for? Explain any four ideas of Liberal Nationalists in the economic sphere. (2011 OD)CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Long Answer Questions 5 Marks +Question 23. +What did Liberal Nationalism stand for? Explain any four ideas of Liberal Nationalists in the economic sphere. (2011 OD) +Answer: +Liberalism or Liberal Nationalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. Lour ideas of Liberal Nationalists in the economic sphere are: +Liberalism stood for freedom of markets and abolition of state imposed restriction. For example, Napoleon’s administration was a confederation of 29 states, each of these possessed its own currencies, weight and measures. Such conditions were viewed as obstacles to economic exchange. +Liberal Nationalists argued for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people and capital. +In 1834, a customs union or ” zollverein” was formed. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from 30 to 2.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +In 1834, a customs union or ” zollverein” was formed. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from 30 to 2. +The creation of a network of railways further stimulated mobility, harnessing economic interest to national unification. +Question 24. +“Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed democracy in France, but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient.” Support the statement. (2016 OD, 2014 OD, 2012 D) +Or +Explain any five social and administrative reforms introduced by Napolean in regions under his control. +Answer: +Napoleon had brought revolutionary changes in the administrative field in order to make the whole system rational and efficient. The Civil Code of 1804 is usually known as the Napoleonic Code. +The first major change was doing away with all privileges based on birth, establishing equality before law and securing the right to property.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +The first major change was doing away with all privileges based on birth, establishing equality before law and securing the right to property. +Administrative divisions were simplified. +Feudal system was abolished and peasants were freed from serfdom and manorial dues (abuse of manorial lords). +In towns, guild restrictions were removed. +Transport and communication systems were improved. +Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a new found freedom. +Businessmen and small-scale producers of goods in particular began to realize that uniform laws, standardised weights and measures and a common national currency would facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another. +Question 25. +How did culture play an important role in creating the idea of the ‘nation’ in Europe? Explain with examples. (2013 D) +Answer: +Culture, music, dance and religion played an important role in the growth of nationalism.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Answer: +Culture, music, dance and religion played an important role in the growth of nationalism. +(i) Role of culture was important in creating the idea of the nation. Art, poetry, music etc. helped in developing and expressing nationalist feelings. Romanticism was a cultural movement that led to the development of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets criticized the glorification of reason and science and instead focussed on emotions and intuition. +(ii) Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries portrayed nations as female figures. The female form, that was chosen to personify the nation, did not stand for any particular woman in real life. Rather it sought to give the abstract idea of the nation in concrete form. That is, the female figure became the allegory of the nation. +In France, she was named Marianne—a popular Christian name and in Germany, Germania.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +In France, she was named Marianne—a popular Christian name and in Germany, Germania. +(iii) Language too played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. After Russian occupation, the Polish language was forced out of schools and Russian language was imposed everywhere. In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place which was ultimately crushed. Following this, many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance. +(iv) Romantics such as the German philosopher Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk. It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation was popularized. +Question 26. +Explain any five economic hardships that Europe faced in the 1830s. (2016 OD, 2013 OD, 2011 D) +Or +“The decode of 1830 has brought great economic hardship in Europe”. Support the statement with arguments.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Or +“The decode of 1830 has brought great economic hardship in Europe”. Support the statement with arguments. +Following are the causes of economic hardships in Europe during 1830s: +Europe had come under the grip of large scale unemployment. In most of the countries there were more seekers of jobs than employment. +Cities had become overcrowded and slums had emerged as population from the rural areas migrated to the cities. +Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine-made goods from England where industrialization was more advanced specially in the field of textile production. +In those regions of Europe, where aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations. +The rise of food prices and bad harvests added to the hardships of the peasants. +Question 27.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +The rise of food prices and bad harvests added to the hardships of the peasants. +Question 27. +Describe any five measures which were introduced by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. (2016 D, 2015 OD, 2012 OD) +Answer: +The first clear-cut expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. In 1789, France was under the rule of an absolute monarch. +When the revolutionaries came to power in France, they were determined to create a new sense of unity and nationhood. For this, they emphasized the concept of France being the father land (La Patrie) for all French people, who were from now on addressed as citizens (citoyen). They were given the tri-colour flag, the three colours representing liberty, equality and fraternity. +French revolutionaries introduced various other measures such as: +The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +French revolutionaries introduced various other measures such as: +The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. +New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation. +A centralized administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. +Internal customs, duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. +Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation. +They further declared that it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the people of Europe from despotism and help them to become nations. +Question 28. +How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European States after 1815? Explain with examples. (2014 OD) +Answer: +Answer:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 28. +How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European States after 1815? Explain with examples. (2014 OD) +Answer: +Answer: +During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal nationalists underground. +Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. Revolutionary ideas were spread by opposing monarchical forms and to fight for liberty and freedom. +Most of the revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle for freedom. +Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary bom in Geneva in 1807. He was a member of the Secret Society of the Carbonari. He attempted a revolution in 1831 and was sent into exile. +He had set up two more underground societies, namely, Young Italy (1832) in Marseilles and then Young Europe in Berne. The members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and Germany.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +He had set up two more underground societies, namely, Young Italy (1832) in Marseilles and then Young Europe in Berne. The members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and Germany. +He opposed monarchy and small states and kingdoms and dreamt of a Democratic Republic. He believed the unification of Italy alone could be the basis of Italian liberty. +Question 29. +Describe the process of unification of Germany. (2015 D, 2013 D, 2012 D) +Answer: +Unification of Germany: +In the 18th century, Germany was divided into a number of states. Some of these states ceased to exist during the Napoleonic wars. At the end of the war, there were still 39 independent states in Germany. Prussia was most powerful, dominated by big landlords known as Junkers. +(i) Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle class Germans who had tried to unite the different regions of the German federation into a nation-state governed by an elected Parliament.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +(i) Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle class Germans who had tried to unite the different regions of the German federation into a nation-state governed by an elected Parliament. +(ii) In May 1848, a large number of political associations came together to vote for an All German National Assembly. Their representatives met at Frankfurt and the Frankfurt Assembly proposed the unification of Germany as a constitutional monarchy under the King of Prussia as emperor. +(iii) The King of Prussia rejected the offer and the liberal initiative of nation building was repressed by combined forces of the monarchy, the military and the ‘Junkers’.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +(iii) The King of Prussia rejected the offer and the liberal initiative of nation building was repressed by combined forces of the monarchy, the military and the ‘Junkers’. +(iv) Then on, Prussia under its Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck led the movement for unification of Germany. Bismarck carried out this process with the help of the Prussian army and the bureaucracy. He fought three wars over seven years with Denmark, Austria and France. Prussia was victorious in all these wars and the process of unification was completed as a result of Prussia’s victory over France. +(v) Consequently, on 18th January 1871, an assembly comprising of princes of German states, representatives of the army, important Prussian ministers and Bismarck gathered in the Palace of Versailes and proclaimed the Prussian King, Kaiser William, the new German Emperor. +Question 30. +Explain the process of unification of Italy. (2015 D, 2013 D, 2012 OD) +Answer:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Question 30. +Explain the process of unification of Italy. (2015 D, 2013 D, 2012 OD) +Answer: +Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation. Italians were scattered over dynastic states and the multinationals Hamsburg Empire. Italy was divided into seven states. Italian language did not have one common form. +Guiseppe Mazzini had played an important role in the unification of Italy. He formed a secret society called ‘Young Italy’ in Marseilles, to spread his goals. He believed Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and had to be forged into a single unified republic. During 1830s, Mazzini sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. As uprisings in 1831 and 1848 had failed, the mantle now fell on Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler Emmanuel II to unify Italy.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Under Chief Minister Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. He was the chief minister, who led the movement to unify Italy. He formed a tactful diplomatic alliance with France and defeated the Austrian forces. Even Guiseppe Garibaldi joined the fray. In 1860, they marched towards South Italy and the Kingdom of the two Sicilies, and with the help of the local peasants, drove out the Spanish rulers. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed as King of United Italy. +Question 31. +Describe the process of Unification of Britain. +Or +How has Britain come into existence? Explain. +Answer: +Nationalism in Britain was different from the rest of Europe. +(i) Nationalism in Britain was not the result of a sudden uprising or revolution. It was the result of a long drawn out process.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +Answer: +Nationalism in Britain was different from the rest of Europe. +(i) Nationalism in Britain was not the result of a sudden uprising or revolution. It was the result of a long drawn out process. +(ii) There was no British nation prior to 18th century. The inhabitants of British Isles were ethnic ones — English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. Though each had their own culture and political traditions, the English nation steadily grew in wealth, importance and power and expanded its influence over other nations, such as Scotland. +(iii) The British Parliament was dominated by its English members. They tried to suppress Scotland’s distinct culture and political institutions. They could neither speak their language nor could they wear their national dress. A large number of them were driven out of their homeland. +(iv) In 1688, through a bloodless revolution the English Parliament seized power from the monarchy and became the instrument to set up a nation-state at its centre.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (4).txt +(iv) In 1688, through a bloodless revolution the English Parliament seized power from the monarchy and became the instrument to set up a nation-state at its centre. +(v) By the Act of Union in 1707, Scotland was incorporated in the United Kingdom. Though the Irish Catholics were against a union with England, Ireland was forcibly incorporated in United Kingdom in 1801. +(vi) Thus it was parliamentary action and not revolution or war that was the instrument through which the British nation was formed. +(vii) A new ‘British Nation’ was formed through propagation of English culture. The symbols of the New Britain—”the British Flag (Union Jack), National Anthem (God save our noble King) and the English language” were promoted, and the older nations became the subordinate partners in the Union.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Nationalism In India Chapter 2 +Question-1 +Mention the great men whose work spread the passion for freedom. +Solution: +The works of men like Swami Vivekananda, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Sri Aurobindo, Subramanya Bharathy, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Rabindranath Tagore and Dadabhai Naoroji spread the passion for rejuvenation and freedom. +You can also download Class 10 Maths NCERT Solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. +Question-2 +Give a brief account of Lokmanya Tilak. +Solution:CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +You can also download Class 10 Maths NCERT Solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. +Question-2 +Give a brief account of Lokmanya Tilak. +Solution: +Lokmanya Tilak, though with non-moderate views, was very popular amongst the masses. He gave the concept of “Swaraj” to the Indian people while standing trial. His popular sentence “Swaraj is my Birthright, and I shall have it” became the source of inspiration for Indians. The flames of the spirit of freedom were ignited by learned men like them, who gave reason for common Indians to feel proud of themselves, demand political and social freedom and seek happiness. They were the teachers who sparked the passion of learning and achievement, for thousands of Indians +Question-3 +Give a brief account of Gandhiji’s early life. +Solution:CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Question-3 +Give a brief account of Gandhiji’s early life. +Solution: +Gandhi was born to a Hindu family in India on October 2, 1869. He was the first member of his family to graduate from high school. After 3 months of college, he dropped out and soon moved to England. He returned to India in 1891 with a Barrister’s title. +He started a small law practice but it failed. +In 1893 Gandhi moved to South Africa to work as a lawyer’s assistant. +He began working right away on a personal campaign to eliminate racism. + +Gandhi spent 11 years in court fighting for Indian rights – and won most of his cases – but the government constantly passed bills to cancel out his victories. +cbse class 10 history ncert solutions Question-4 +What were the 3 principles of Satyagraha? +Solution: +The three main principles of satyagraha are … Satya +Ahimsa +Tapasya +… or, the truth, the refusal do harm to others, and willingness for self-sacrifice in the cause.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Solution: +The three main principles of satyagraha are … Satya +Ahimsa +Tapasya +… or, the truth, the refusal do harm to others, and willingness for self-sacrifice in the cause. +These three principles, really, form the core of a weapon that Gandhi was determined to use against the British Raj enslaving his country. +cbse class 10 history ncert solutions Question-5 +Mention 3 places where Gandhiji successfully organized the Satyagraha movement? +Solution: +Satyagraha movements were successfully organised by Mahatma Gandhi in various places after arriving in India. He organised a satyagraha at Champaran in Bihar in 1916 to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system. +He then organised a satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat, in 1917. + +A satyagraha movement was organised in Ahmedabad, in 1918, amongst cotton mill workers. +Question-6 +What were the effects on the economic front due to the non-corporation movement? +Solution:CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +A satyagraha movement was organised in Ahmedabad, in 1918, amongst cotton mill workers. +Question-6 +What were the effects on the economic front due to the non-corporation movement? +Solution: +There was a dramatic effect on the economic front due to the non-cooperation movement. Foreign goods were boycotted, and foreign cloth was burnt. +Traders stopped trading with foreign goods. +With this boycott, the production and consumption of cloth went up in India. +cbse class 10 history textbook Question-7 +What was the plight of the plantation workers of Assam? +Solution: +The working class in the tea plantations of Assam is perhaps the most oppressed in the organised sector of the economy. Low wages, poor housing and lack of avenues for social mobility have been a recurring theme since the inception of the plantations. +Plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859. They were rarely given such permission.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859. They were rarely given such permission. +cbse class 10 history textbook Question-8 +Compare Non-cooperation movement and the civil disobedience movement. +Solution: +Non Cooperation was passive where civil disobedience was active and almost revolutionary. The non co-operation movement aimed at bringing the government to a stand still, by withdrawing every support to administration. +The civil disobedience movement was planned to paralyze the government by mass support by undertaking acts which the British government considered illegal but were protests against exploitative and suppressive measures.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +a. Dinshaw Petit +b. Seth Hukumchand +c. Jamsehed ji Tata +d. Dwarkanath Tagore +d. Roads were widenedCBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +1. In Bengal who had set up six joint stock compani es in 1830’s & 40’s? (1) +2. Give one word for - "the first or early form of something" (1) +a. proto +b. Post +c. Pre +d. Initial +3. Which image is at the centre of the painting "Da wn of the Century"? (1) +a. God like figure +b. Women like figure +c. Moon like figure +d. Goddess like figure +4. After the 1840s what kind of building activity w as not intensified in the cities for +opening up greater opportunities of employment? (1) +a. Gardens were made +b. Tunnels dug +c. New railway stations came up +5. Who appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India? (1) +a. Eastern Indian Company +b. European Managing Agencies +c. East India Companyd. Europe Managing Agents +6. Why were manufacturers printing calendar to popu larise their product? (1)CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +a. Eastern Indian Company +b. European Managing Agencies +c. East India Companyd. Europe Managing Agents +6. Why were manufacturers printing calendar to popu larise their product? (1) +7. What was China trade? (1) +8. When was the first jute mill established in Indi a? (1) +9. Who worked for industrialists to get new recruit s? (1) +10. Trace the development of textile industry in In dia. (3) +11. “The typical worker in the mid-nineteenth centu ry was not a machine operator but +the traditional craftsperson and labourer.” Support the statement with examples. (3) +12. Describe the achievements of any three early in dustrialists in British India. (3) +13. Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants +break down by the 1750s? (3) +14. 'We find that from the very beginning of the in dustrial age, advertisements played a +vital role in expanding the markets for products'. Explain the statement in the contextCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +14. 'We find that from the very beginning of the in dustrial age, advertisements played a +vital role in expanding the markets for products'. Explain the statement in the context +of the pre-independence period of our country. (5) +15. Why did the poor peasants and artisans in the c ountryside begin to work for the +merchants from the towns? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +Answer +1. d. Dwarkanath Tagore +Explanation: +i. In Bengal Dwarkanath Tagore had set up six joint stock companies in 1830’s +& 40’s. +ii. In Bombay, Parsis like Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetj ee Nusserwanjee Tata built +huge industrial empires in India. +iii. Seth Hukumchand, a Marwari businessman had set up the first Indian jute +mill in Calcutta in 1917, So did the father and gran dfather of the famous +industrialist G.D.Birla. +2. a. proto +Explanation: ‘Proto’ means the first or early form of something. +3. d. Goddess like figureCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +industrialist G.D.Birla. +2. a. proto +Explanation: ‘Proto’ means the first or early form of something. +3. d. Goddess like figure +Explanation: In 1900, a popular music publisher E.T. Paull produ ced a music +book that had a picture on the cover page announcin g the ‘Dawn of the Century' +. In this illustration, at the centre of the picture is a goddess-like figure, the +angel of progress, bearing the flag of the new centu ry. +4. a. Gardens were made +Explanation: After the 1840s, building activity intensified in t he cities, +opening up greater opportunities of employment.Road s were widened, new +railway stations came up, railway lines were extende d, tunnels dug, drainage +and sewers laid, rivers embanked. +5. c. East India Company +Explanation: The Company tried to eliminate the existing trader s and brokers +who were connected with the cloth trade. It tried t o establish a more direct +control on the weavers. A paid servant; called gomas tha was appointed toCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +who were connected with the cloth trade. It tried t o establish a more direct +control on the weavers. A paid servant; called gomas tha was appointed to +supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.6. The manufacturers printed calendar to popularise their product because unlike +newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even b y people who could not read. +They were hung in tea shops and in poor people’s hom es just as much as in offices +and middle-class apartments. And those who hung the calendars had to see the +advertisements, day after day, through the year. +7. British in India began exporting opium to China and took tea from China to England. +Many Indians participated in this trade, procuring s upplies, provided finance and +shipping consignments. It was known as the China tr ade. +8. The first jute mill was established in1917 in In dia. +9. Jobber worked for industrialists to get new recr uits.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +shipping consignments. It was known as the China tr ade. +8. The first jute mill was established in1917 in In dia. +9. Jobber worked for industrialists to get new recr uits. +10. The development of the textile industry in India can be traced in the +following stages: +a. The first cotton mill in Bombay came up in 1854. By 1862, four mills were at work +with 94,000 spindles and 2,150 looms. +b. Around the same time, jute mills came up in Benga l, the first being set up in 1855 +and another one seven years later, in 1862. +c. In north India, the Elgin Mill was started in Kan pur in the 1860s, and a year later +the first cotton mill of Ahmedabad was set up. +d. By 1874, the first spinning and weaving mill of M adras began production. +11. A typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century was not a machine operator but the +traditional craftsperson and labourer because: +i. The demand in the market was often for goods wit h intricate designs and specificCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +traditional craftsperson and labourer because: +i. The demand in the market was often for goods wit h intricate designs and specific +shapes. In Britain, 500 varities of hammers and 45 k inds of axes were produced. +These required human skill not mechanical technolog ies. +ii. The aristocrats and bourgeois prefer things pro duced by hands. +iii. Handmade products came to symbolized refinemen t and class. +iv. Hand products were better finished, individually produced and carefully +designed.12. The achievements of three early industrialists in British India are as follows: +a. Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy was the son of a Parsi weav er. He was involved in the China +trade of India. +b. Dinshaw Petit built a huge industrial empire in India. He was involved in China +trade and raw cotton shipments to England. +c. Seth Hukamchand was a Marwari Businessman who se t up the first Indian jute +mill in Calcutta in 1917. He also traded with china .CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +trade and raw cotton shipments to England. +c. Seth Hukamchand was a Marwari Businessman who se t up the first Indian jute +mill in Calcutta in 1917. He also traded with china . +13. The network of export trade in textiles control led by the Indian merchants break +down by the 1750s because of the following reasons: +i. The European trading companies gained power. Fir st, they acquired trading +concessions from local rulers and monopolized right s to trade. +ii. This resulted in the decline of the old ports o f Surat and Hoogly. +iii. Export from the old ports fell dramatically an d local bankers slowly went +bankrupt. +14. a. The British manufacturers attempted to take over the Indian market by adopting +different ways and the most important among them wa s with the help of +advertisements. From the very beginning of the indu strial age, advertisements +have played an important role in expanding markets for products and shaped a +new consumer culture.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +advertisements. From the very beginning of the indu strial age, advertisements +have played an important role in expanding markets for products and shaped a +new consumer culture. +b. The Manchester industrialists began selling thei r cloth in India by putting labels +on the cloth bundles. When buyers saw such labels o n the cloth like ‘MADE IN +MANCHESTER’, they felt confident about buying the cloth. +c. Advertisements created inspiration among people to consume those products. +People began to believe that consuming British prod ucts meant acquiring a higher +social status akin to the British. +d. To impress Indian consumers, images of Indian god s and goddesses were used to +show divine approval to the goods to be sold. +e. In the late 19th century, British manufacturers used calendars to pop ularise their +products. Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were being used even by +illiterate people.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +e. In the late 19th century, British manufacturers used calendars to pop ularise their +products. Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were being used even by +illiterate people. +f. Indian manufacturers even advertised the nationa list message. They wanted tosuggest by these advertisements that “if you care f or the nation, then buy Indian +products”. +g. Indian manufacturers even advertised the nationa list message which was clear +and loud. The advertisement became a vehicle of the message of Swadeshi. +15. The poor peasants and artisans in the countrysi de began to work for the merchants +from the towns because of the following reasons: +i. Open fields were disappearing and commons were b eing enclosed. +ii. Tiny plots of land did not provide enough for t he family. +iii. By working for merchants, peasants could remain in the countryside and cultivate +their land. +iv. Income from proto-industrial production supplem ented their income from +cultivation.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +iii. By working for merchants, peasants could remain in the countryside and cultivate +their land. +iv. Income from proto-industrial production supplem ented their income from +cultivation. +v. The family labour resources could be fully used.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +1. What territories did the Habsburg Empire rule ov er? (1) +a. Hungary +b. Austria +c. Both Austria and Hungary +d. Romania +2. What was the objective of drawing up Treaty of V ienna? (1) +a. For bringing out peace among the countries +b. For Sustainable development +c. To form Constituent assembly +d. Undoing the effects of Napoleonic wars. +3. Which of the quote is said by Metternich? (1) +a. Little by little, the old world crumbled, and not once did the king imagine that +some of the pieces might fall on him. +b. ‘When France sneezes,’ Metternich once remarked, ‘the rest of Europe catches +cold.’ +c. Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death; - the last, much the easiest to bestow, O +Guillotine! +d. Giuseppe Mazzini is ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’ +4. _______ between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the ‘United +Kingdom of Great Britain’ (1) +a. The Napoleonic CodeCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +4. _______ between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the ‘United +Kingdom of Great Britain’ (1) +a. The Napoleonic Code +b. The Treaty of Vienna +c. The Act of Union +d. The civil code +5. Artists of the time of the French Revolution per sonified ___ as a female figure. (1)a. Confinement +b. Liberty +c. Law +d. Enlightment +6. Who was called ‘the most dangerous enemy of our s ocial order’ ? (1) +7. Who was Count Cavour? (1) +8. Which type of government was functioning in Fran ce before the revolution of +1789? (1) +9. What were some of the strong demands of the emer ging middle classes in Europe +during the nineteenth century? (1) +10. Explain the three features of the class of land ed aristocracy of Europe. (1) +11. What were the impacts of Treaty of Vienna on Eu ropean people? (1) +12. Explain any four reasons how the initial enthus iasm of the people of France soon +turned to hostility after Napoleon's takeover of Fr ance. (3)CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +12. Explain any four reasons how the initial enthus iasm of the people of France soon +turned to hostility after Napoleon's takeover of Fr ance. (3) +13. Describe the steps taken by French revolutionar ies to create a sense of collective +identity among the French people? (3) +14. Which conditions were viewed as obstacles to ec onomic exchange and growth by the +new commercial classes during the nineteenth centur y Europe? (5) +15. Explain the objectives of the 'Treaty of Vienna ' of 1815. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +Answers +1. c. Both Austria and Hungary +Explanation: Today's Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into +kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. +The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary , for example, was a +patchwork of many different regions and peoples. +2. d. Undoing the effects of Napoleonic wars.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary , for example, was a +patchwork of many different regions and peoples. +2. d. Undoing the effects of Napoleonic wars. +Explanation: The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the +object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during +the Napoleonic wars. +3. d. Giuseppe Mazzini is ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’ +Explanation: Metternich described Giuseppe Mazzini as ‘the most d angerous +enemy of our social order’. +4. c. The Act of Union +Explanation: The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotlan d resulted +in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Bri tain’ meant, in effect, that +England was able to impose its influence on Scotlan d. +5. b. Liberty +Explanation: Artists of the time of the French Revolution person ified Liberty +as a female figure. +6. Giuseppe Mazzini was called 'the most dangerous enemy of our social order’ by +Austrian Chancellor Duke MetternichCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +as a female figure. +6. Giuseppe Mazzini was called 'the most dangerous enemy of our social order’ by +Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich +7. Count Cavour was the chief minister of Italy. He led the movement to unify the +regions of Italy. +8. The Monarchical type of government was functioni ng in France before the revolution +of 1789. +9. Two of the strong demands of the emerging middle classes in Europe were: +i. The freedom and perfect competitiveness in marke ts.ii. The abolition of the state-imposed restructures on the movement of capital and +goods. +10. During the mid-eighteenth century, a landed aris tocracy was dominant class in +Europe both politically and socially. +i. The members of this landed aristocracy were unit ed by a common way of life that +cut across regional division. +ii. They owned huge properties both in rural and ur ban areas. +iii. Their families were tied together by matrimoni al relations and they wielded much +power in their respective countries.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +ii. They owned huge properties both in rural and ur ban areas. +iii. Their families were tied together by matrimoni al relations and they wielded much +power in their respective countries. +11. Representatives of the European power, Britain, R ussia, Prussia and Austria signed +treaty of Vienna in 1815. Following were its impact on the European people: +i. Deposed Bourbon dynasty was restored to power. F uture expansion of French was +prevented. +ii. Prussia was given new important territories on its Western frontier, while Austria +was given control of the Northern Italy. +iii. In the east, Russia was given part of Poland wh ile Prussia was given a portion of +Saxony. +iv. The treaty slowed down the growth of nationalis m. There was an effort to restore +Monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon and to create a new +conservative order in Europe. +12. At the very beginning, the French Armies were we lcomed as harbingers of liberty andCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +Monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon and to create a new +conservative order in Europe. +12. At the very beginning, the French Armies were we lcomed as harbingers of liberty and +fraternity. But the initial enthusiasm soon gave wa y to hostility. This is because +people soon understood that the new administrative arrangements did not go hand in +hand with political freedom. +The four factors which outweighed the advantages of the administrative changes are: +i. Taxation on people at an increased rate. +ii. Strict censoring of printing media and books. +iii. Conscription on a forced basis into the French Armies to satisfy its imperialist +ambition. +iv. Restriction on individual Freedom. +13. The steps are taken to create a sense of collec tive identity amongst French people by +the French revolutionaries included:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +ambition. +iv. Restriction on individual Freedom. +13. The steps are taken to create a sense of collec tive identity amongst French people by +the French revolutionaries included: +i. The ideas of fatherland (la patrie) and citizen (le citoyen) were spread to bring thenotion of a united community having equal rights an d protected by a constitution. +ii. A new flag was chosen of tricolour to represent the nation and the royal standard +was removed. +iii. New hymns, oaths and martyrs commemorated in th e name of the nation. +iv. The Estates General became the National Assembl y and its members were elected +by a body of active citizens. +v. Uniform system of weights, measures were adopted and the abolition of internal +customs. +vi. Promoting French as a common language of the na tion. +14. Following were the obstacles viewed by the new commercial classes, to the economic +exchange and growth during the nineteenth century E urope:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +14. Following were the obstacles viewed by the new commercial classes, to the economic +exchange and growth during the nineteenth century E urope: +i. There was enormous increase in population all ov er the Europe. +ii. Population from rural areas migrated to the cit ies to live in overcrowded slums +and could not afford to fulfill the basic needs. +iii. Increase in unemployment. In most countries, th ere were more job-seekers than +employment. +iv. Cheap machine-made goods from England were givi ng stiff competition to small +producers of European towns. +v. The price of food inflated many folds due to bad harvest. It led to a widespread +pauperism in European towns. +15. The Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was brought up wit h the objective of undoing most of +the changes that had come about in Europe during th e rule of Napoleonic wars. +Objectives of the Treaty of Vienna: +i. Undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during Napoleonic +wars.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (5).txt +Objectives of the Treaty of Vienna: +i. Undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during Napoleonic +wars. +ii. The Bourbon dynasty that was destroyed during t he French Revolution was +restored. French lost the territories it has annexe d under Napoleon. +iii. A series of states were set up on the boundari es of France to prevent French +expansion in future. +iv. Belgium was set up in the north and Genoa was a dded to Piedmont in the south. +v. Prussia was given important new territories on i ts western frontiers, while Austria +was given control of northern Italy. +vi. Monarchy was restored and a new conservative or der was created in Europe.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 04 The Making of the Global World +1. ______ were not equipped to cope with the challe nge of poverty and lack of +development in the former colonies. +i. International Bank for Reconstruction and Develo pment +ii. Consumer Welfare Fund +iii. International Monetary Fund +Choose the correct option. (1) +a. i and iii +b. i, ii and iii +c. i and ii +d. ii only +2. The First World War was fought between two power blocs. On the one side were the +Allies – Britain, France and Russia(later joined by t he US) who were on the opposite +side? (1) +a. Germany, Japan, Italy +b. Britain , France and Soviet Union +c. Germany, US and Japan +d. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey +3. John Maynard Keynes-the famous economist thought that India _____ during the Great +Depression of 1929 promoted global economic recover y. (1) +a. Gold exports +b. Spices imports +c. Opium exports +d. B. Gold imports +4. The pre-modern world shrank greatly in which cen tury? (1) +a. SixteenthCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +a. Gold exports +b. Spices imports +c. Opium exports +d. B. Gold imports +4. The pre-modern world shrank greatly in which cen tury? (1) +a. Sixteenth +b. Tenth +c. Nineteenth +d. Sixth5. Identify the term with the help of given informa tion : +i. It is a bonded labour under contract +ii. They work for an employer for a specific amount of time. (1) +a. Indentured labour +b. Plantation labour +c. Daily wages based labour +d. Bonded labour +6. Identify the group of the countries, which was kn own as Axis powers during the +Second World War? (1) +7. What was the most powerful weapon used by the Sp anish to conquer America? (1) +8. What is 'El Dorado' in South America famous for? (1) +9. What do we call the law that allowed the British Government to restrict the import of +corn? (1) +10. Who were indentured labourers? How were they rec ruited? Explain condition of the +indentured labourers who went to work in different parts of the world. (3)CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +corn? (1) +10. Who were indentured labourers? How were they rec ruited? Explain condition of the +indentured labourers who went to work in different parts of the world. (3) +11. Explain the three types of flow or movements wi thin international economic +exchange. (3) +12. Explain the effect of the death of men of worki ng age in Europe because of the First +World War? (3) +13. Why did most of the developing countries organi se themselves as a group - the Group +of 77 (G-77)? (3) +14. What were the main features of the First World War? (5) +15. What was the impact of technology on food avail ability? Explain with the help of +examples. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 04 The Making of the Global World +Answers +1. a. i and iii +Explanation: The IMF and the International Bank for Reconstruct ion and +Development (World Bank) were designed to meet the financial needs of the +industrial countries. They were not equipped to cop e with the challenge ofCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +Development (World Bank) were designed to meet the financial needs of the +industrial countries. They were not equipped to cop e with the challenge of +poverty and lack of development in the former colon ies. +2. d. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey +Explanation: The First World War, as you know, was fought between two +power blocs. On the one side were the Allies – Brita in, France and Russia(later +joined by the US); and on the opposite side were the Central Powers – Germany, +Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey. When the war be gan in August 1914, +many governments thought it would be over by Christ mas. It lasted more than +four years. +3. a. Gold exports +Explanation: John Maynard Keynes-the famous economist thought t hat India +gold exports during the Great Depression of 1929 pr omoted global economic +recover. +4. a. Sixteenth +Explanation: The pre-modern world shrank greatly in the sixteen th centuryCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +gold exports during the Great Depression of 1929 pr omoted global economic +recover. +4. a. Sixteenth +Explanation: The pre-modern world shrank greatly in the sixteen th century +after European sailors found a sea route to Asia an d also successfully crossed +the western ocean to America +5. a. Indentured labour +Explanation: Indentured labour : A bonded labourer under contra ct to work +for an employer for a specific amount of time, to pa y off his passage to a new +country or home. +6. Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy were known as Axis powers during the Second World +War.7. The most powerful weapon used by the Spanish to conquer America was the germs +such as those of smallpox. Because of their long is olation, America's original +inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases that came from Europe. +8. In South America, 'El Dorado' was an imaginary la nd of great wealth. It was the fabled +gold city. +9. The laws that allowed the British Government to restrict the import of corn wereCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +8. In South America, 'El Dorado' was an imaginary la nd of great wealth. It was the fabled +gold city. +9. The laws that allowed the British Government to restrict the import of corn were +called Corn Laws. +10. Indentured labourers were bonded labourers unde r contract to work for an employer +for a specific amount of time, to pay off their pass age to a new country or home. +Recruitment was done by agents engaged by employers and was paid a small +commission. +The condition of the indentured labourers in differ ent parts of the world was very +pathetic. It can be described as follows: +i. They were subjected to harsh, inhuman and unsympa thetic conditions. They have +very few legal rights. +ii. If they were unwilling to migrate, they were abd ucted by agents. If they were +caught while escaping, they faced severe punishment. +iii. Employers could bring criminal charges against labourers and punish and jail +them for non-fulfilment of contracts.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +caught while escaping, they faced severe punishment. +iii. Employers could bring criminal charges against labourers and punish and jail +them for non-fulfilment of contracts. +iv. They worked on plantations in unhygienic condit ions and earned low wages. +v. If the work was found unsatisfactory, deductions were made from their wages. +11. The three types of flow or movements within int ernational economic exchange were: +i. The first is the flow of trade which, in the nine teenth century, is referred largely to +trade. +ii. The second is the flow of labour which referred to the migration of people in +search of employment. +iii. The third is the movement of capital for short term or long term investments over +long distance. +12. The first world war created the following effec t due to the death of men of workingage in Europe: +i. Majority of the people killed in the First World War were the men of working age. +It reduced the able-bodied workforce in Europe.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +i. Majority of the people killed in the First World War were the men of working age. +It reduced the able-bodied workforce in Europe. +ii. With fewer members within the family, household incomes declined. +iii. Entire societies were also reorganised for war –as men went to battle, women +stepped in to undertake jobs that earlier only men were expected to do. +13. i. The developing countries came under the guid ance of the International Monetary +Fund (IMF) and World Bank which was dominated by th e former colonial powers +in order to uplift their economies. +ii. Former colonial powers exploited the natural re sources of developing nations +through IMF and World Bank. +iii. The newly-independent nations felt that they a re not benefiting from the growth +of western economics and international financial in stitutions as they should. +iv. The developing nations organised themselves int o G-77 so as to gain real controlCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +of western economics and international financial in stitutions as they should. +iv. The developing nations organised themselves int o G-77 so as to gain real control +over their natural resources, to get more developmen t assistance and fairer prices +for raw materials. +v. They also wanted a better opportunity for their manufactured goods in the +markets of developing nations. +14. The main features of the First World War were a s follows: +i. The First World War (1914-18) was mainly fought in Europe. But its impact was +felt around the world. +ii. It was fought between two power blocs-the Allie s (Britain, France and Russia) and +the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary and O ttoman Turkey). +iii. This was the only war in the modern world whic h involved almost all countries in +one or the other way. +iv. In this war, the weapons used had a deadly poten tial to kill and destroy whatever +came in their way. It was the first modern industri al war as it saw the use ofCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +one or the other way. +iv. In this war, the weapons used had a deadly poten tial to kill and destroy whatever +came in their way. It was the first modern industri al war as it saw the use of +machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons, etc., o n a large scale. +v. To fight the war, millions of soldiers had to be recruited from around the world +and most of them were men of working age. +vi. During the war, 9 million people were dead and 2 0 million were injured. This +death and injuries reduced the able-bodied workforc e in Europe.vii. Industries were restructured to produce war-re lated goods. +viii. Economies of the countries around the world c rashed beyond the level of +recovery. The winners were the losers themselves. +15. The impact of technology on food availability w ere: +i. Technology in the form of improvements in transp ort - faster railways, lighter +wagons and larger ships helped to move food more ch eaply and quickly from far +away farms to final markets.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +i. Technology in the form of improvements in transp ort - faster railways, lighter +wagons and larger ships helped to move food more ch eaply and quickly from far +away farms to final markets. +ii. Earlier, animals were shipped alive from America to Europe and then slaughter +when they arrived there. Meat was hence an expensiv e luxury beyond the reach +of the European poor. +iii. Then came a technology namely refrigerated shi ps, which enabled to transport +perishable foods over long distances. +iv. Now animals were slaughtered for food and then transported to Europe as frozen +meat. This reduced shipping cost and lowered meat p rices in Europe. +v. To the earlier monotony of bread and potatoes ma ny, though not all, could now +add meat to their diet.CHAPTER 1--HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Nationalism in India • 1885 : The first meeting of the Indian National Congress in Bombay. • 1917 : Mahatma Gandhi organized Satyagraha Movement in Kheda District (Gujarat). • 1918 : Mahatma Gandhi organized Satyagraha Movement in Ahmedabad. • 1919 : Rowlatt Act was Passed (It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years). • 10th April, 1919 : The police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession. Martial law was imposed. • March, 1919 : Khilafat Committee founded in Bombay. • 13th April, 1919 : Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place. • September, 1920 : Congress Session in Calcutta- Decided to start a Non-Cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj. • Mahatma Gandhi leads the Congress; Non-Cooperation Movement launched. • December, 1920 : Congress Session at Nagpur—A compromise was worked out and the Non-cooperation programme was adopted. • February, 1922 : Mahatma Gandhi decided to Withdraw Non-Cooperation Movement. Establishment of Swaraj Party by Motilal Nehru and C.R.Dass • 1928 : Simon Commission arrived in India. • December, 1929 : Lahore Session of the Congress- Demand for Purna Swaraj. • January 26,1930 : Celebrated as the Independence day. • January 31,1930 : Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating 11 demands. • April 6, 1930 : The salt march reached Dandi, Gandhiji violated the Salt Law. • 1930 : Civil Disobedience Movement continues; Salt Satyagraha: Gandhi’s Dandi March; First Round Table Conference. • March 5, 1931 : Gandhi Irwin Pact was signed. • December, 1931 : Gandhiji went for Second Round Table Conference. • September, 1932 : Poona Pact between Gandhiji and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. • 1934 : Civil Disobedience Movement called off. • 1930 : Dr. B. R. Ambedkar established Depressed Classes Association. • 1937 : Election held for Provincial Assemblies. • 1939 : Outbreak of the Second World War • . NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT It was launched in 1920s. It was launched in 1930s. 37 It was considered as a passive movement. It was considered as an active movement. In this movement, Gandhiji aimed to bring government to a standstill by withdrawing every support of the British government. In this movement, Gandhiji aimed at paralyzing the government by undertaking acts which the British considered as illegal. Large number of people participated in the in this movement. Many people backed out of the movement, due to non-fulfilment of their demands in the previous movement. There was no tax campaign in this movement. People refused to pay taxes in this movement. IMPORTANT POINTS FOR MINIMUM LEVEL OF LEARNING NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT • Students left govt. controlled schools & colleges, teachers resigned & lawyers gave up their legal practices. ● Council elections were boycotted except Madras. ● Foreign goods were boycotted & liquor shops picketed. ● Production of Indian textile mills and handlooms increased. ● Limits OF NCM : Khadi cloth was often more expensive therefore, it wasn’t affordable for all. ● Lack of Indian institutes which forced the students, teachers & lawyers to go back to British institutes OUDH KISAN SABHA • In Awadh peasants led a movement against oppressive talukdars and landlords under the leadership of Baba Ramchandra. • Demands : reduction of revenue, abolition of begar & social boycott of oppressive landlords. • By October 1920, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru,, Baba Ramchandra and a few others. The number of branches increased to 300 within a month. • During NCM congress tried integrating the Awadh peasant struggle into the wider struggle. • FACTORS LEADING TO FAILURE : Peasants looted bazaars & hoarded grains. • They attacked the houses of Talkudars & merchants. • Used Gandhi’s name to sanction their actions. Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh • 1920s - a militant guerrilla movement spread. • WHY? colonial government closed large forest areas, prevented tribal people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuel, wood and fruits. • When the government began forcing them to contribute begar for road building, the hill people revolted. • The movement was led by Alluri Sitaram Raju, though he was highly influenced by Gandhi he strongly asserted that India could only be liberated by using force. • Soon the protests turned violent & the Gudem rebels attacked police stations attempted killing British officials for achieving Swaraj. • Raju was captured & executed in 1924 SWARAJ IN PLANTATION 1. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission. 2. For plantation workers in Assam, Swaraj meant ‘right to move freely’ 3. When they heard of Non Cooperation Movement (NCM), they left the plantation & headed home. 4. In mid-way they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up. SIMON COMMISSION Statutory Commission under Sir John Simon. Commission was to look into & suggest some changes into Constitutional system in India. But it had no Indian member. When Commission arrived in India in 1928,they were greeted with the slogan ‘Go Back Simon’. All parties including Congress and the Muslim League, protested against the Commission. 38 SALT MARCH : Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement 1. Britishers had imposed tax on salt & there was govt. monopoly over its production 2. Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation. 3. On 31 January 1930, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin with 11 demands- the most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Gandhi’s letter an Ultimatum: If the demands were not fulfilled by 11th March, the letter stated, the Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign Since Irwin was unwilling to negotiate, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Salt March on 12 March, 1930 Starting Place: Sabarmati Ashram Destination: Dandi, Gujarat Distance: 240 miles. 10 miles/day Start of CDM (Salt Law Broken) 6th April, 1930 • Thousands broke salt law in different parts of the country, manufactured salt & demonstrated in front of government salt factories. • Foreign cloths were boycotted • Peasants refused to pay revenue • Liquor shops were picketed • Village officials resigned • People violated forest law GANDHI-IRWIN PACT Lord-Irwin convinced Gandhi to get into a pact. By Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed on 5 March, 1931 : Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference & called off the CDM. However, the negotiations broke down & Gandhiji relaunched CDM but by 1934 it lost its momentum POONA PACT, 1932 Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932 The pact gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate. • “This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles role of folklore, songs, icons & images”Analyse the statement. • In late 19th century, Indian Nationalist began recording folk tales sung by bards and toured village to gather. • The tales they believed gave true picture of traditional culture that was damaged by outside forces. • It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover the National Identity. • It restored a sense of pride in one‘s past During Swadeshi Movement, a tricolor flag was designed representing eight provinces through eight lotuses and a crescent moon symbolizing Hindu-Muslim unity. • Later Gandhi developed tricolor flag (Red, Green and White) with a spinning wheel at center representing self-help. Carrying the flag became a symbol of defiance. • This image Bharath Mata was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In 1870 he wrote Vande Mataram a hymn to the mother land. Rabindranath Tagore in his painting portrayed Bharath Mata as calm, ascetic figure, composed, divine and spiritual After the First World War: - • Huge increase in defense expenditure after I World War. • Start war loans and increasing taxes. • Custom duties were raised and income tax introduced. • Prices increased. • Forced recruitment in rural areas. • Resulting in acute shortage of food. • Spread influenza epidemic. • According Census of 1921, 12 to 13 million people died as a result of famines and epidemic. The idea of Satyagraha: - 39 • Gandhiji returned to India in January 1915. • The idea of Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth. • It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. • Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence. • Gandhiji believed that this dharma of non-violence could unite all Indians. • In 1917- Satyagraha for peasants of Champaran (Bihar), who struggle against the oppressive plantation system. • In 1918- Satyagraha for peasants of Khera (Gujarat), who affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic. The peasants could not pay the revenue and were demanding that the revenue collection be relaxed. • In 1918- Satyagraha for cotton mill workers of Ahmedabad. The Rowlatt Act- 1919: - • Passed by Imperial Legislative Council in 1919. • According to this Act government repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trail for two years. • On 10th April police fired upon a peaceful procession in Amritsar. • After that widespread attacks on Banks, offices and railway stations by public. • Martial Law was imposed and General Dyer took command. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: - • On 13th April 1919, a large crowd gathered to attend the Annual Baisakhi fair in the closed ground of Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. • Some people gathered for protest against the government’s new repressive Act. • General Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points and opened fire on the crowd. Khilafat Movement: - • The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. • Public thought that a harsh peace treaty was going to imposed on the Ottoman Emperor- the spiritual head of the Islamic World (the Khalifa). • To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a khilafat committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919. • It was against British for the ill treatment with Turkey after First World War. • Main leaders were Ali brothers- Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali. Non-Cooperation: - • Non-Cooperation Programme was adopted in December 1920 at the Congress Session in Nagpur. • The movement began in January 1921. • It was first major movement of Gandhiji. • It was a mass movement in which different section of people were involved. • Non-Violence was the basic difference of this movement. • It boycotted British institutions and commodities. • Students and teachers gradually returned from schools. • The movement was withdrawn in 1922 due to the violence in Chauri Chaura near Gorakhpur. Simon Commission: - • It was appointed in 1927 in the leadership of Sir John Simon. 40 • It was appointed to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest changes. • It arrived India in 1928. • It was greeted with the slogan “Simon go back”, because the Commission did not have a single Indian member. They were all British. Towards Civil Disobedience: - • In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawahar Lal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalized the demand for ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for India. • It was declared that 26 January 1930, would be celebrated as Independence Day. • But the celebration attracted very little attention. • The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement: - • Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Salt March with his 78 trusted volunteers. • The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji’s Ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi. • The volunteers walked for 24 days about 10 miles a day. • On 6th April 1930, he reached Dandi and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling seawater. • This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. • As the movement spread, foreign clothes were boycotted and liquor shops were picketed. • Peasants refused to pay revenue taxes. • After the government began arresting the Congress leaders one by one. • Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in April 1930. • Peaceful Sathyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten and about 1 lakh people were arrested. • In such situation, Mahatma Gandhi once again decided to call off the movement and entered into a pact with Irwin on 5th March 1931. • By this Gandhi-Irwin pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference in London and the government agreed to release the political prisoners. • In Dec.1931 Gandhiji went to London for the conference, but the negotiations broke down and he returned disappointed. • Gandhiji re-launched the Civil Disobedience Movement but by 1934 it lost its momentum. The limits of Civil Disobedience: - • Limited participation of Dalits. • The industrial working classes did not participate in the movement in large numbers. • Poona Pact of 24 September 1932 between Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Gandhiji. • Limited participation of Muslims. Sense of collective belonging: - • Nationalism gives feelings of same nation for all communities. • Role of cultural factors history and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols played their part in national struggle. • Representations the idea of Bharatmata. • Role playing by bards, for collecting songs in popularization of folklore. • Use of Tricolour during swadeshi movement. • Role of reconstruction of India’s past history. 41 • Writings on art, religion, law, philosophy in building pride of nation. • Emerging many voices wanting freedom from colonial rule. 1. Who was the first writer to create the image of 'Bharat Mata' as an identity of India and how? a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1870, by writing the song “Vande Mataram" and later including it in his novel 'Anand Math' b) Rabindranath Tagore through his collection of ballads, nursery rhymes and myth c) Mahatma Gandhiji during his salt march and satyagraha. d) Ravi Verma 2. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order: I. Coming of Simon Commission to India II. Demand of Purna Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC III. Government of India Act 1919 IV. Champaran Satyagraha a) i—iv—iii—ii b) iv—iii—i—ii c) iv—i—ii-iii d) iii—iv—ii—i 3. Arrange the following historical events in a chronological sequence I. Rowlatt Act II. Kheda Satyagraha III. Champaran Movement IV. Ahmedabad Mill Strike Choose the Correct option: a) I, II, III, IV b) II, I, III, IV c) III, I, IV, II d) III, II, IV, I 4. Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi, was the leader of which of the following movements? (a) Khilafat Movement (b) Militant Guerrilla Movement of Andhra Pradesh (c) Peasants’ Movement of Awadh (d) Plantation Workers’ Movement in Assam 5. The Non-cooperation Khilafat Movement began in (a)January 1921 (b) February 1922 (c) December 1929 (d) April 1919 6. Under the presidency of Jawahahar Lai Nehru, the Lahore Congress Session of 1929 formalised the (a) abolition of Salt Tax (b) ‘Puma Swaraj’ or complete independence (c) boycott of Simon Commission (d) separate electorate for the ‘dalits’ 42 7. Who formed the ‘Swaraj Party’ within the Congress? (a) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Motilal Nehru (b) Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Mahatma Gandhi (c) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose (d) C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru Answer key Answer : a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1870, by writing the song “Vande Mataram" and later including it in his novel 'Anand Math' 2. b) iv—iii—i—ii 3. d) III, II, IV,I 4. (c) Peasants’ Movement of Awadh 5. (a) January 1921 6. (b) ‘Purna Swaraj’ or complete independence 10. Who first created the image of Bharatmata? (a) Abanindranath Tagore (b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (C) Rabindra nath Tagore d) None of the above Ans. (b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. Who was the leader of the peasants in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh? Ans. Alluri Sitaram Raju 2 . Which pact reserved seats for Dalits in the provincial and central legislative assembly? Ans. Poona Pact 3 . Which political party formed within the congress to argue for return to council elections? Ans. Swaraj Party 4 . Why did Gandhiji begin fast unto death when Dr B. R. Ambedkar demanded separate electorate for Dalits? Ans. Separate electorate would create divisions in the society 5 Explain the three main events that took place under Gandhi's Satyagraha Movement. Answer: ● In 1917, he visited Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants who were suppressed under the cruel plantation system. ● In 1917, he supported the peasants in the Kheda District of Gujarat. ● In 1918, he supported the mill workers in Ahmedabad. 6 When did Gandhiji return from South Africa? Answer: In 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. He started the Satyagraha movement in India, which is the non-violent mass agitation movement. 7 What was observed on April 6th, 1919? Answer: This day was observed as Satyagraha Day. On this day people all across the nation went on a fast 43 and hartal. 8 Write down the effect of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Answer: ● Government buildings were attacked. Clashes with police officers and strikes in the country. ● Repressive steps were taken by the government and satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground. ● Satyagrahis were forced to crawl on streets and salute British officials. ● Villages were bombed and people were flogged. 9 In which session of the INC was the demand of 'Purna Swaraj' formalized? Answer: 'Purna Swaraj' was formalized in the Lahore session of December 1929. 10 What did the Rowlatt Act impose? Answer: According to the Rowlatt Act, the government had the power to quell political activities and detain political leaders without trial for at least two years. SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows: SOURCE A : Towards Civil Disobedience [NCERT History Ch. 2 Page 38] In February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement. He felt the movement was turning violent in many places and satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles. Within the Congress, some leaders were by now tired of mass struggles and wanted to participate in elections to the provincial councils that had been set up by the Government of India Act of 1919. They felt that it was important to oppose British policies within the councils, argue for reform and also demonstrate that these councils were not truly democratic. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics. But younger leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose pressed for more radical mass agitation and for full independence. SOURCE B : The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January, 1930 [NCERT History Ch. 2 Page 39] ‘We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We believe also that if any government deprives a people of these rights and oppresses them, the people have a further right to alter it or to abolish it. The British Government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally, and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence.’ SOURCE C : The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement [NCERT History Ch. 2 Page 39] Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation. On 31 January 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin starting eleven demands. Some of these were of general interest; others were specific demands of different classes, from industrialists to peasants. The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign. The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive face of British rule. Marks 3 Question : SOURCE A : Towards Civil Disobedience (i) What was the major reason behind the formation of the Swaraj Party? SOURCE B : The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January, 1930 (ii) What was the negative impact of the British rule in India? SOURCE C : The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement (iii) In Mahatma Gandhi's opinion, what revealed the true oppressive face of the British government? 44 Ans. (i) C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics. (ii) Negative impact of the British rule in India: The British Government in India had not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but had also based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and had ruined India economically, politically, culturally, and spiritually. (iii) Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive face of British rule. Read the source given below and Answer the questions that follow: Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation when they discover some unity that binds them together. This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles. But there were also a variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people’s imagination. History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played a part in the making of nationalism. The identity of the nation is most often symbolised in a figure or image. This helps create an image with which people can identify the nation. It was in the twentieth century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland. Later it was included in his novel Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal. Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata. In this painting Bharat Mata is portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual. Devotion to this mother figure came to be seen as evidence of one’s nationalism. As the national movement developed, nationalist leaders became more and more aware of such icons and symbols in unifying people and inspiring in them a feeling of nationalism. During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag was designed. By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag. It was again a tricolour (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option: i. Which of the following is incorrect with regards to the contribution made by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay? a. Created the image of Bharat Mata. b. Wrote national anthem as a hymn to the motherland. c. Wrote the novel Anandamath d. All are correct Identify the flag with the given Image: a. Vande Matram Flag b. Swadeshi Flag c. Swaraj Flag d. Indian Independence Flag 45 In the year ________, the first image of Bharat Mata was painted by ________. a. 1921, Mahatma Gandhi b. 1870, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay c. 1905, Abanindranath Tagore d. 1919, Rabindranath Tagore Answer – i. (b) Wrote national anthem as a hymn to the motherland. ii. (c) Gandhiji designed the Tricolour Swarajya flag iii. (b) Swadeshi Flag iv. (c) 1905, Abanindranath Tagore MAP BASED QUESTIONS 1 Map work Three sessions of Congress Calcutta, Nagpur, Madras 2 Champran, chauri chara, Ahemdabad, kheda,Dandi, Bardoli, Amritsar, Lahore 46 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1 Why Non-Cooperation? What was the method used in the Movement? Why did non-cooperation movement slowdown in cities? • Gandhi in his famous book Hind Swaraj, declared that the British continue to rule with the Cooperation of the Indians – If we withdraw our Co-operation then their rule would end. • It began with surrender of Titles, boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools and foreign goods Swadeshi, Boycott & National education. • Khadi cloth was more expensive for the poor-No alternative Indian Institution to accommodate Indians. • Students and teachers began going back to Govt. Schools and lawyer joined court 2 who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role in inspiring the rebels with Gandhijis ideas? • Alluri Sitaram Raju was a tribal leader in the Guden hills of Andhra Pradesh. • He started a militant Guerilla Movement in the early 1920s. • The tribal people were enraged by the British policy, but when the government began forcing them to contribute beggar for road building, the hill people revolted. • Raju inspired the hill people. He talked on the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi. • Inspired by Gandhijis Non-Cooperation Movement he persuaded people to wear Khadi and give up drinking. But at the same time, he did not believe in Nonviolence, he thought that India could be liberated only by the use of force. . 3 Describe the role of Alluri Sitaram Raju in Andhra Pradesh during 1920s. Marks 3 Ans. Role of Alluri Sitaram Raju in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh: (i) Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers like making astrological predictions, healing people and surviving bullet shots. (ii) The rebels proclaimed him as an incarnation of God. (iii) Raju was inspired by Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement. (iv) Persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking. (v) But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non violence. (vi) Used guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. (To be assessed as whole) 4 Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide ‘Satyagraha’ against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919)? How was it opposed? Explain. Marks 5 Ans. Gandhi ji decided to launch a nation-wide Satyagraha: (i) This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council. (ii) Indian members opposed the Act. (iii) It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities. (iv) It allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. (Any two points to be explained) It opposed in the following ways: (i) Rallies were organised in various cities. (ii) Workers went on strike. (iii) Shops were closed. (iv) Communication, railway, telegraphs lines were disrupted. (Any other relevant point) (Any three) 5 “British rule in India would have collapsed if Indians had not cooperated.” How did this statement help in starting a mass movement in India against the British rule? Ans. (i) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indian and if Indians had refused to cooperate, British rule in India would have collapsed within a year. 47 (ii) He proposed that the movement should unfold in stages. (iii) It should begin with the surrendering of titles that the government had awarded to the Indians. (iv) A boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative assemblies, schools and foreign goods would show their non-cooperation to the British empire. (v) Mahatma Gandhi felt that in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched. (Any three) 6 Explain the effects of the First World War on India. Marks 5 OR How did the ‘First World War’ create new economic and political situations in India? Explain with examples. OR Explain any five major problems posed by the First World War in India. OR Examine the effects of the First World War on the National Movement of India. OR Explain How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India. [NCERT] Ans. (i) The war created a new economic and political situation. (ii) It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans. (iii) To fulfil the loan demands taxes were increased, custom duties were raised. Not only this, a new tax in the form of income tax was also introduced. (iv) Prices increased, doubling between 1913 and 1918. This hit the common people. (v) Villagers were asked to supply soldiers and through force recruitment in rural areas. (vi) During 1918-19, crops failed in many parts of India which created a shortage of food. (vii) Spread of influenza epidemic and death of 12 to 13 million people. (Any five) 7 . Define the term 'Civil Disobedience Movement'. Describe the participation of rich and poor peasant communities in the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'. Marks 5 Ans. Civil Disobedience Movement: To disobey the rules of the British Government. Participation of rich and poor peasants: (i) In the countryside, rich peasant communities like patidars of Gujarat and Jats of U.P. were active inmovement. (ii) Rich peasants participated in the movement as a struggle against high revenue demand. (iii) Rich peasants organized their community to support the Civil Disobedience Movement. (iv) The poor peasants participated as they wanted their unpaid rent to be remitted. (Any other relevant point) Detailed Answer: Definition of Civil Disobedience Movement: Civil Disobedience Movement refers to the act by a group of people by refusing to obey laws or pay taxes, as a peaceful way of expressing their disapproval of those laws or taxes and in order to persuade the government to change them. Gandhiji and Martin Luther King both conducted Civil Disobedience Movements in their respective countries to get rid of the exploitation and oppression offered by their colonial rulers. (i) Rich Peasants: Depression and fall in prices affected them badly. They demanded reduction in land revenue. Swaraj meant reduction of taxes for them. They were disappointed when the movement was called off. 48 (ii) Poor Peasants: Depression affected them badly. They demanded reduction in rent. Swaraj meant reduction of rent for them. They joined Communist and revolutionary movements. 8 Explain in brief the ‘Dandi March’. Marks 3 OR Describe the main features of the ‘Salt March’. Ans. (i) Mahatma Gandhi started his famous ‘Salt March’ or ‘Dandi March’ on 11th March, 1930 accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. (ii) The march was to cover 240 miles from Gandhi’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati Coastal town of Dandi. (iii) On 6th April, 1930, he reached Dandi and ceremonially violated the law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. (iv) This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. (Any three) 9 Correct the following statement and rewrite: Q.7. The import of foreign cloth doubled between 1921 and 1922, its value increasing from ₹ 102 Crore to ₹ 200 Crore. Ans. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from ₹102 Crore to ₹57 Crore. 10 In 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republician Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Kolkata. Ans. In 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republician Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi. 11What type of flag was designed during the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ in Bengal? Explain its main features. Marks 3 Ans. During the “Swadeshi Movement” in Bengal the flag was designed as a Tricolour Flag. The two features of the flag were: (i) The colour of the flag was Red, Green and Yellow. (ii) It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces in British India. (iii) It had a crescent moon representing Hindus and Muslims. (Any two) LONG ANSWER TYPE OF QUESTIONS 1Explain any five factors which gave rise to the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. Marks 5 Ans. Factors that gave rise to the Civil Disobedience Movement were: (i) The problem with the Simon Commission. (ii) Irwin’s vague offer of dominion status for India in an unspecified future. (iii) Salt Law (iv) Negligence of eleven demands of Gandhiji by the British. (v) Lahore Session of INC (1929) Q.2 Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’. Marks 5 Ans. The attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the Civil Disobedience Movement: (i) During the First World War, Indian merchants and industrialists had made huge profits and became powerful. (ii) They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a Rupee-Sterling Foreign Exchange ratio that would discourage import. (iii) To organise business interest they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (in 1920) and the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries—FICCI ( in 1927). (iv) They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods. 49 (v) Most businessmen came to see ‘Swaraj’ as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish without constraints. (V1) failure of the Round Table Conference business groups were no longer uniformly enthusiastic. (vii) They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities and worried about prolonged disruption of business. (Any five) failure of the Round Table Conference business groups were no longer uniformly enthusiastic. (viii) They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities and worried about prolonged disruption of business. (Any five) 3 Why was the ‘Salt March’ considered an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism? Explain. Marks 5 Ans. Salt March: (i) Salt was consumed by all the sections of the society. (ii) It was the most essential item of food. (iii) The tax on salt and the government monopoly over production. (iv) Gandhiji found salt as a powerful symbol that could unite the nation. (v) On 31st January 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin starting eleven demands. (vi) The idea was to make the demands wide ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign. (vii) The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. (Any five) 4 How did the Civil Disobedience Movement come into force in various parts of the country? Explain with examples. Marks 5 Ans. The Civil Disobedience Movement came into force in various parts of the country : (i) Gandhi led the Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi with his followers starting the Civil Disobedience Movement. (ii) Thousands in different parts of the country broke the Salt Law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories. (iii) In the countryside like the rich Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the movement. (iv) As rich peasant communities were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices, they became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement. (v) As the depression continued and the cash invoice dwindled, the small tenants found it difficult to pay the rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlords to be remitted and thus they joined the movement. (vi) Merchants and industrialists supported the movement by giving financial assistance and refused to buy and sell the imported goods. (vii) The industrial working class of Nagpur region participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM). (viii) Railway workers, dock workers, coal mine workers of Chhota Nagpur, etc. participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns. (ix) Women also participated in large numbers. (Any five) Important Questions and Answers Q1. Explain the three main events that took place under Gandhi's Satyagraha Movement. Answer: ● In 1917, he visited Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants who were suppressed under the cruel plantation system. ● In 1917, he supported the peasants in the Kheda District of Gujarat. ● In 1918, he supported the mill workers in Ahmedabad. 50CHAPTER 1- HISTORY-THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +Chapter1 NATIONALISM IN EUROPE Measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. The measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people were as follows. 1.The idea of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the idea of united people enjoying equal rights under a constitution. 2.A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. 3.The Estates General was elected by the active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. 4.New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated in the name of nation. 5.Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation. 6.A centralised administrative system was put in practice and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. 7. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. Main aim of the French revolutionaries The aim of the French Revolutionaries was to transfer sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens and to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people Jacobin Clubs other parts of Europe Jacobin clubs were the political clubs that were set up by educated middle class in all over Europe to replace autocratic regimes in Europe with democratic governments. They were inspired by the events in France. The activities and campaigns of these clubs paved the way for the French armies which moved into Holland, Belgium and Switzerland and much of Italy in 1790. Napoleonic code The Civil Code of 1804, also known as Napoleonic Code, abolished all the privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and gave the right to property Administrative reforms introduce by Napoleon in the conquered territories 1.The Napoleonic code which was introduced in the regions under French control, like Italy, Germany, Switzerland, simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues, 3. In towns guild restrictions came to an end. 4. Uniform weights and measures were adopted. A common national currency helped in the movement of goods and capital from one region to another. 5. Transport and communication systems were improved. The reaction of local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon to French rule The reactions of the local populations to French rule were mixed. Although the economic reforms introduced by Napoleon were welcomed by businessmen and small producers of goods. Initially the French armies were welcomed in Holland, Switzerland and in cities like Brussels, as messenger of liberty, but they soon realised that administrative reforms did not go hand in hand with political freedom. The people reacted against increased taxation and censorship. Local people had to serve in the French army to conquer other parts of Europe, these all seemed to outweigh the advantages of administrative changes. Treaty of Vienna (1815) Napoleon was defeated in 1815 by collective European powers i.e. Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The representatives of European powers drew up the Treaty of Vienna at a congress hosted by Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich with the objective of undoing the changes that had come about the Europe during the Napoleonic wars. Following changes were brought about in Europe by this treaty: The Bourbon dynasty that was destroyed during the French Revolution was restored. French lost the territories it has annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future. The Netherlands which included Belgium was set up in the north. Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers. Austria was given control of northern Italy. Nation state Nation-state is one in which the majority of its citizens, and not only its rulers, came to develop a sense of common identity and shared history or descent. MEANING OF LIBERALISM The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free During 19 century in social sphere the term liberalism stood for freedom for the individual, right to secure property and equality of all before the law. In political sphere it stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through parliament. In economic sphere it stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. Formation of Zollverein. The German-speaking regions in the first half of the nineteenth century were divided into hundreds of small kingdoms. Napoleon’s administrative measures had reduced these countless number of small principalities into a confederation of 39 states. Each of these possessed its own currency, and weights and measures. In 1834, a customs union or Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two. The creation of a network of railways further stimulated mobility, harnessing economic interests to national unification. Conservatism Conservatism is a political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions and customs, and preferred gradual development to quick change Treaty of Vienna(1815) Napoleon was defeated in 1815 by collective European powers i.e. Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The representatives of European powers drew up the Treaty of Vienna at a congress hosted by Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich with the objective of undoing the changes that had come about the Europe during the Napoleonic wars. Following changes were brought about in Europe by this treaty: The Bourbon dynasty that was destroyed during the French Revolution was restored. French lost the territories it has annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future. The Netherlands which included Belgium was set up in the north. Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers. Austria was given control of northern Italy. The German confederation of 39 states set up by Napoleon was left untouched. Russia was given part of Poland and Prussia was given part of Saxony. Monarchy was restored and a new conservative order was created in Europe. Giuseppe Mazzini in spreading revolutionary ideas in Europe. Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa in 1807. He became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. At the age of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He founded two underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles and Young Europe in Berne. The members of the society were drawn from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini strongly believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind. So Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty. Following his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’. Giuseppe Garibaldi. Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-82) is perhaps the most celebrated of Italian freedom fighters. He was a sailor in the merchant navy. In 1833 he met Mazzini, joined the Young Italy movement and participated in a republican uprising in Piedmont in 1834. The uprising was suppressed and Garibaldi had to flee to South America, where he lived in exile till 1848. In 1854, he supported Victor Emmanuel II in his efforts to unify the Italian states. In 1860, Garibaldi led the famous Expedition of the Thousand to South Italy. His revolutionary army was popularly known as Red Shirts. In 1867, Garibaldi led an army of volunteers to Rome to fight the last obstacle to the unification of Italy. The Papal States where under the protection of French army and Garibaldi failed in his attempt to unite Papal States with Italy. Greek war of independence Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821. Nationalists in Greece got support from other Greeks living in exile and also from many West Europeans who had sympathies for ancient Greek culture. Poets and artists lauded Greece as the cradle of European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim empire. The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war, where he died of fever in 1824. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation. Features of Romanticism. 1. Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. 2. Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings. 3. Their effort was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. Unification of Germany Nationalism in Europe moved away after 1848 and Germany and Italy came to be unified as nation-states. Prussia took over the leadership of the movement for national unification. The architect of this process was its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. In January 1871, the Prussian King, William I, was proclaimed German Emperor. An assembly was held to proclaim the new German Empire. The process of nation-building demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state power. The currency, banking, legal and judicial system in Germany were modernised. Unification of Italy Italy was divided into seven states, in the middle of the nineteenth century, and among all the seven states, Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian princely house. All the regions were dominated by different kings. In the 1830’s Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Young Italy. The movement was led by Chief Minister Cavour. In 1859, Sardinia-Piedmont defeated Austrian forces. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy. Great Britain Great Britain was the model of the nation and prior to the eighteenth century there was no British nation. The nation became powerful as it steadily grew in wealth, importance and power. The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant, in effect, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. In 1801, Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom. The symbols of the new Britain – the British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our Noble King), the English language – were actively promoted. Visualising the Nation In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries artists represented a country as a person and nations as female figures. During the French Revolution, female figures portray ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic. Liberty is represented as a red cap, or the broken chain, Justice a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.` Nationalism no longer retained after the last quarter of the nineteenth century. After 1871, the most tensioned area was called the Balkans a region comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro. Ottoman Empire made the Balkans region explosive and all through the nineteenth century they strengthened themselves through modernisation and internal reforms. Due to various conflicts the Balkan became an area of intense conflict. MCQ 1. Identify the purpose to convene the Vienna Congress in 1815 from the following options? a) To declare competition of German unification b) To restore conservative regime in Europe c) To declare war against France d) To start the process of Italian Unification 2. Who said “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold a) Garibaldi b) Bismarck c) Mazzini d) Duke Metternich 3. Name the customs union formed by Prussia to abolish tariff barriers. a) Elle b) Zollverein c) Zweibiicken d) La Patrie 4. Who were the Junkers? a) Soldiers b) Large landowners’ c) Aristocracy d) Nobility 5. Who among the following formed the secret society called ‘Young Italy’? a) Otto von Bismarck b) Giuseppe Mazzini c) Metternich d) Johann Gottfried Herder 6. Analyse the information given below, considering one of the following correct options: He was perhaps the most celebrated of Italian freedom fighters. He came from a family engaged in coastal trade and was a sailor in the merchant navy. In 1833 he met Mazzini, joined the Young Italy movement and participated in a republican uprising in Piedmont in 1834. a) Otto von Bismarck b) Cavour c) Lord Byron d) Giuseppe Garibaldi 7. Elle, the measuring unit in Germany was used to measure a) Cloth b) Thread c) Land d) Height 8. Which of the following aspect best signifies this image of ‘The courier of Rhineland’? a) Victories of Napoleon b) Difficulties faced by Napoleon c) Losses of Napoleon d) Journey of Napoleon 9. The painting “The Dream of worldwide Democratic and Social Republics” was prepared by -------- a) Giuseppe Mazzini b) Frederic Sorrieu c) Henry Patullo d) Duke Metternich 10. Identify the personality given in the caricature. A) Otto von Bismarck B) Victor Emmanuel II C) Giuseppe Mazzini D) Kaiser William I 11. Which one of the following is the artist of the given below painting ‘The fallen Germania’? A. Frederic Sorrieu B. Lorenz Clasen C. Philip Veit Julius Hubner 12. The given below image ‘Germania’ was painted by the artist Lorenz Clasen in 1860. Which one of the following was the inscription on Germania’s sword? A. The German Sword protects the German people. B. The German sword protects the German Rhine. C. The German sword protects the German Nation. D. None of the above ASSERTION AND REASON BASEED QUESTIONS DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable: (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If assertion is true but reason is false. (d) If both assertion and reason are false. 1: Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. Assertion (A): The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial expansion. Reason(R): Culture played an important role in creating the idea of nation: art and poetry, stories and music helped to express and shape nationalism. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct Explanation of A. b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct Explanation of A. c) A is True but R is False d) A is False but R is True 2. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. Assertion (A): The 1830’s were the years of great economic hardship in Europe give reason. Reason(R): National assembly of 1848 proclaimed France as a republic a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct Explanation of A b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct Explanation of A. c)A is True but R is False. d) A is False but R is True. 3. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. Assertion (A): The French revolution was an influential event that marked the age of revolutions in Europe. Reason (R): The French revolution transferred the sovereignty from the people to the monarch a) Both A and R are true, but R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true 4. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. Assertion. Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. Reason. They were closely bound to each other in spite of their autonomous rule a) Both A and R are true, but R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true 5. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. Assertion. Giuseppe Mazzini worked against the monarchy Reason. Italy had to continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms a) Both A and R are true, but R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS 1: Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: When the news of the events in France reached the different cities of Europe, students and other members of educated middle classes began setting up Jacobin clubs. Their activities and campaigns prepared the way for the French armies which moved into Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and much of Italy in the 1790s. With the outbreak of the revolutionary wars the French armies began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad. Napoleon set about introducing many of the reforms that he had already introduced in France. Through a return to monarchy Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed democracy in France, but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient. The civil code of 1804-usually known as the Napoleonic code did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property. This code was exported to the regions under French control. In the Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, in Italy and Germany, Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.in the towns too, guild restrictions were removed. 1.1. The civil code of 1804 in France is usually known as: a) The French Revolutionary code b) Napoleonic code c) European Imperial code d) The French civil code 1.2. The Napoleonic code was exported to which of the following regions? a) England b) Spain c) Regions under French control d) Poland 1.3. Match the following 1. Civil code` (a) Napoleon 2 Jacobins (b) carried the idea of nationalism 3 Destroyed democracy (c) abolished privileges based on birth. 4. French Armies (d) Political club Choose the correct option a) 1-(c), 2(d), 3(a),4(b) b) 1-(b),2-(c),3(a),4(d) c) 1-(a),2-(d),3-(c),4(b) d) 1-(b),2-(a),3-(d),4-(c) 1.4. Which one of the following was not the feature of Napoleonic code? a) Equality before the law b) Universal Adult Franchise c) Right to property d) Abolition of Privileges based on birth 2. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society—like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family— should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. In 1815, representatives of the European powers—Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria— who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future. 2.1. Which of the following statements correctly describes about European conservative ideology? a) Preservation of beliefs introduced by Napoleon. b) Preservation of two sects of Christianity. c) Preservation of socialists’ ideology in economic sphere. d) Preservation of traditionalist beliefs in state and society. 2.2. Identify the purpose to convene the Congress of Vienna in 1815 from the following options. a) To declare completion of German unification. b) To restore conservative regime in Europe c) To declare war against France d) To start the process of Italian unification. 2.3. What did conservatives focus on at the Congress of Vienna? Select the appropriate option a) undo the changes introduced by Napoleon b) To establish socialism in Europe. c) To introduce democracy in France. d) To set up a new Parliament in Austria. 2.4. In which year Napoleon was defeated by the combined force of Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria a) 1804 b) 1789 c) 1793 d) 1815 3. The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny. From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation. Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation. The revolutionaries further declared that it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism, in other words to help other peoples of Europe to become nations. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option 3.1. What did the Ideas of ‘la patrie’ and ‘le citoyen’ signify in the French revolution? a) The Motherland and the children b) The Fatherland and the citizens c) The community and the citizens d)The state and the community 3.2. The first expression of nationalism came with: a) The industrial revolution of England b) The American war of independence c) The French Revolution d)The Russian revolution 3.3. The French revolutionaries declared that the mission and destiny of the French nation was a) To conquer the people of Europe. b) To liberate the people of Europe from despotism c) to establish conservative regime d) to destroy democracy in Europe 3.4. which among the following measures were not taken by French revolutionaries to create common identity among French citizens? a) introduced the ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) b) A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard c) New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated d) Regional dialects were encouraged 4. Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. The term liberalism' derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free. For the new middle classes liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. Politically, it emphasised the concept of government by consent. Since the French Revolution, liberalism had stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through parliament. Nineteenth-century liberals also stressed the inviolability of private property Yet, equality before the law did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage. You will recall that in revolutionary France, which marked the first political experiment in liberal democracy, the right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to property-owning men 4.1. Which of the following is not true with respect to 19th century spirit of nationalism in Europe? (a) Universal suffrage (b) End of autocracy a) Only (a) b) Only (b) c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these 4.2. Which of the following did not stand for liberalism? a) Equality before the law b) Government by consent c) Freedom for the individual d) The citizen should not have right to private property. 4.3. Which of the following feature of liberalism is not true for the French Revolution? a) End of autocracy b) Representative government c) Unified economy d) End of Clergy privileges 4.4. Which country is considered as pioneer of liberal democracy? a) Italy b) France c) Germany d) England 5. Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option: The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the Balkans. The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs. A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive. All through the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire had sought to strengthen itself through modernisation and internal reforms but with very little success. One by one, its European subject nationalities broke away from its control and declared independence. The Balkan peoples based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign powers. Hence the rebellious nationalities in the Balkans thought of their struggles as attempts to win back their long lost independence. 5.1 Who were the Slavs? A. Inhabitants of Balkans B. Inhabitants of Bulgaria, Albania and Macedonia C. Inhabitants of Slovenia D. None of the Above 5.2 What made the region of the Balkans to be described as explosive? A. Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire B. Spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism C. The diversification of identities D. Both A and B 5.3 What were the reasons for the Balkans’ rebellious nature? A. Their struggle for freedom from foreign power B. Their notions on once being independent in the past C. Big power rivalry amongst themselves D. Both A and B 5.4 How had the Ottoman Empire sought to strengthen its power? A. Through internal reforms B. Through modernisation and internal reforms C.Through addressing conflicted issues D. All of the above ANSWER KEY 1. b) To restore conservative regime in Europe 2 d) Duke Metternich 3 b) Zollverein 4. b) Large landowners 5. b) Giuseppe Mazzini 6. d) Giuseppe Garibaldi 7. a) Cloth 8. c) Losses of Napoleon 9. b) Frederic Sorrieu 10. A) Otto Von Bismark 11. D) Julius Hubner 12. B) The German sword protects the German Rhine. ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS 1: a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct Explanation of A. 2. b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct Explanation of A. 3. c) A is true but R is false 4. c) A is true but R is false 5. c) A is true but R is false 6. a) Both A and R are true, but R is the correct explanation of A 7. C) A is True but R is False SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS 1.1. b) Napoleonic code 1.2. c) Regions under French control 1.3.a) 1-(c), 2(d), 3(a),4(b) 1.4. b) Universal Adult Franchise 2.1. d) Preservation of traditionalist beliefs in state and society. 2.2. b) To restore conservative regime in Europe 2.3. a) undo the changes introduced by Napoleon 2.4. d) 1815 3.1 b) The Fatherland and the citizens 3.2. c) The French Revolution 3.3. b) To liberate the people of Europe from despotism 3.4. d) Regional dialects were encouraged 4.1. a) Only (a) 4.2. d) The citizen should not have right to private property. 4.3. c) Unified economy 4.4. b) France 5.1 A) Inhabitants of Balkans 5.2 D) Both A & B 5.3 D) Both A & B 5.4 B) Through modernisation and internal reformsCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +1. By 1921,________ had designed the Swaraj flag. (1) +a. Mahatma Gandhiji +b. Subhash Chandra Bose +c. Abanindranath Tagore +d. Jawaharlal Nehru +2. What was the effect of the Non-cooperation Movem ent on the plantation workers in +Assam? (1) +a. They left the plantations and headed home +b. None of these +c. They destroyed the plantations +d. They went on strike +3. Indians boycotted the Simon Commission because: (1) +a. It was an all-British Commission +b. It was only for privileged class of Indians +c. It was set up to oppose the Nationalist Movement +d. It was formed in Britain +4. The tribals’ chanting Gandhiji’s name and raising slogans demanding 'Swatantra +Bharat' as: (1) +a. It showed the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi +b. The various ways in which ‘Swaraj’ was interpreted by different people +c. They were a unifying force of the Non-Cooperatio n MovementCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +a. It showed the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi +b. The various ways in which ‘Swaraj’ was interpreted by different people +c. They were a unifying force of the Non-Cooperatio n Movement +d. They were going beyond their own locality and em otionally identifying with an +all-India movement +5. What was the main problem with the Simon Commiss ion? (1) +a. It was formed in Britain +b. It was an all British commission +c. All of the above +d. It was set up in response to the nationalist mov ement +6. For which reasons was the Simon Commission boyco tted? (1)7. Who composed the song 'Vande Mataram'? (1) +8. In which movement did the women participate in l arge number for the first time? (1) +9. Name the flag which was designed by Gandhiji in 1921? (1) +10. How could Non-Cooperation become a movement? Giv e your opinion. (3) +11. What were the methods used by peasants of Awadh to achieve their goal? Explain. (3)CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +10. How could Non-Cooperation become a movement? Giv e your opinion. (3) +11. What were the methods used by peasants of Awadh to achieve their goal? Explain. (3) +12. Mention the features of the flag which was desi gned by Gandhiji? (3) +13. Two items A and B are shown in the given politi cal outline map of India. Identify +these items with the help of the following informat ion and write their correct names +on the lines marked on the map. +a. The place which is known for Cotton Mill Workers Satyagraha. +b. The place where Congress Session was held in Sep tember 1920. On the same +political outline map of India, locate and label the following items with +appropriate symbols: (3) +14. Identify the reasons that why Muslim Political organizations in India were lukewarm +in their response to the civil disobedience Movemen t. (5) +15. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposedCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +in their response to the civil disobedience Movemen t. (5) +15. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed +Rowlatt Act of 1919? How was it organized? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +Answer +1. a. Mahatma Gandhiji +Explanation: As the national movement developed, nationalist lead ers +became more and more aware of such icons and symbol s in unifying people +and inspiring in them a feeling of nationalism. By 1921, Gandhiji had designed +the Swaraj flag. It was a tricolour (red, green and white) and had a spinning +wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help. +2. a. They left the plantations and headed home +Explanation: When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, tho usands +of workers defied the authorities, left the plantati ons and headed home. They +believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone wo uld be given land in theirCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +of workers defied the authorities, left the plantati ons and headed home. They +believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone wo uld be given land in their +own villages. They, however, never reached their dest ination. Stranded on the +way by a railway and steamer strike, they were caugh t by the police and +brutally beaten up. +3. a. It was an all-British Commission +Explanation: A Statutory Commission under Sir John Simon set up in response +to the nationalist movement, the commission was to l ook into the functioning of +the constitutional system in India and suggest chan ges. The problem was that +the commission did not have a single Indian member. They were all British. +4. d. They were going beyond their own locality and emotionally identifying with an +all-India movement +Explanation: when the tribals chanted Gandhiji’s name and raised slogans +demanding ‘Swatantra Bharat’, they were also emotional ly relating to an all- +India agitation.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +all-India movement +Explanation: when the tribals chanted Gandhiji’s name and raised slogans +demanding ‘Swatantra Bharat’, they were also emotional ly relating to an all- +India agitation. +5. b. It was an all British commission +Explanation: The Simon Commission was set up in response to the nationalist +movement, the commission was to look into the functi oning of the +constitutional system in India and suggest changes.The problem with was that the commission did not ha ve a single Indian +member. They were all British. +6. The Simon Commission was boycotted because there was no Indian in the +Commission +7. The song 'Vande Mataram' is composed by Bankim C handra Chattopadhyay. +8. For the first time, women participated in large n umber in the Civil Disobedience +Movement. +9. Swaraj Flag +10. Non-cooperation became a movement in the follow ing ways: +a. The idea of non-cooperation was first introduced by Gandhiji in his book HindCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +Movement. +9. Swaraj Flag +10. Non-cooperation became a movement in the follow ing ways: +a. The idea of non-cooperation was first introduced by Gandhiji in his book Hind +Swaraj, where he declared that since the British had established their rule in India +with the cooperation of the Indians, it would collap se only when the cooperation +was withdrawn. +b. Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfol d in stages. +c. In case the government used repressive methods, a full-scale Civil Disobedience +campaign would then be launched. +d. Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensivel y, mobilising popular support +of the movement. +11. In Awadh, Jawaharlal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra s tarted the Oudh Kisan Sabha to +overcome the problems of the peasants. The aim was to integrate the peasant +movement with the Non-Cooperation Movement. But the Awadh peasants used +methods that went against the ideals of the congres s.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +movement with the Non-Cooperation Movement. But the Awadh peasants used +methods that went against the ideals of the congres s. +A. In many places nai-dhobi bandhs were organized by panchayats to deprive +landlords of the service of even barbers and washer men. +B. The peasant movement demanded reduction of reven ue, abolition of beggar and +social boycott of oppressive landlords. +C. Some peasants denied doing beggar-work without a t landlords’ farms without any +payment. +D. As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of tal ukdars and merchants wereattacked, bazaars were looted. +12. A. In 1921 Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj fla g. +B. It was a tricolor flag and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the +Gandhian ideal of self-help. +C. Tricolors were-red, green and white. +D. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marche s became a symbol of defiance. +13. The correct information has been provided and l ocation and labelling of the givenCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +D. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marche s became a symbol of defiance. +13. The correct information has been provided and l ocation and labelling of the given +items have also been marked on the map. +a. The place which is known for Cotton Mill Workers Satyagraha is Ahmedabad. +b. The place where Congress Session was held in Sep tember 1920 is Calcutta. +14. a. Some of the Muslim political organizations i n India were also lukewarm in their +response to the Civil Disobedience Movement. +b. After the decline of the Non- Cooperation–Khilafa t movement, a large section of +Muslims felt alienated from the congress. +c. From the mid-1920s the congress came to be more visibly associated with openly +Hindu religious nationalist group like the Hindu Ma hasabha. +d. As relation between Hindus and Muslims worsened, each community organizedreligious processions with militant fervor, provokin g Hindu-Muslim communal +clashes and riots in various cities.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +d. As relation between Hindus and Muslims worsened, each community organizedreligious processions with militant fervor, provokin g Hindu-Muslim communal +clashes and riots in various cities. +e. Every riot deepened the distance between the two communities. +f. From the mid-1920's the Congress stared being mo re associated and supportive +towards Hindu religious groups like Hindu mahasabha .So, many Muslim leaders +stared to express their concern about the status of Muslims as a minority within +India. +g. Hindu Muslim clashes led to communal riots worse ning the relation between the +two communities. The Muslims feared that the cultur e and identity of minorities +would be submerged under the domination of a Hindu majority. +15. Gandhiji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagr aha against the proposed Rowlatt Act +of 1919 because of the following reasons: +a. The Rowlatt Act was hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council. +b. Indian members unitedly opposed it.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +of 1919 because of the following reasons: +a. The Rowlatt Act was hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council. +b. Indian members unitedly opposed it. +c. It gave government enormous powers to repress po litical activities. +d. It allowed detention of Indian political prisone rs without trials for two years. +e. The Act deprived the Indians of their civil righ ts. +Satyagraha was organised in the following ways: +a. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedi ence against such unjust laws. +b. It was started with a 'Hartal' on 6th April. +c. Rallies were organized in various cities. +d. Workers in the railway workshop went on strike. +e. Shops were closed down in protest.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +d. Ravi VermaCBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +1. Which one of the following is not true regarding the impact of the First World War on +India? (1) +a. Defence expenditure resulted in increased taxes +b. Income tax was introduced and customs duties inc reased +c. The hardships ended with the war as the British introduced the Rowlatt Act +d. Forced recruitment of soldiers was introduced in the villages +2. The refusal to deal and associate with people, or participate in activities, or buy and use +things; usually a form of protest refers to: (1) +a. opposing +b. struggle +c. Boycott +d. withdrawal +3. In 1905, who painted the image of Bharat Mata sho wn as dispensing learning, food and +clothing? (1) +a. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay +b. Abnindranath Tagore +c. Rabindranath Tagore +4. What did the Rowlatt Act, 1919 presume? (1) +a. Equal pay for equal work +b. Forced recruitment in the army +c. Detention of political prisoners without trialCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +c. Rabindranath Tagore +4. What did the Rowlatt Act, 1919 presume? (1) +a. Equal pay for equal work +b. Forced recruitment in the army +c. Detention of political prisoners without trial +d. Forced manual labour +5. Who was the first writer to create the image of ‘Bharat Mata’ as an identity of India and +how? (1) +a. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1870, by writing the song “Vande Mataram” and +later including it in his novel ‘Anand Math’ +b. Rabindranath Tagore through his collection of ba llads, nursery rhymes and myth +c. Mahatma Gandhiji during his salt march and satya graha.d. Abanindranath Tagore by his paintings of a mothe r figure in 1905 +6. Who gave the call for 'Purna Swaraj'? (1) +7. By what name were the Dalits referred by Gandhij i? (1) +8. In which year Ahmedabad mill worker’s Satyagraha was organized? (1) +9. Which Muslim leader was willing to give up the d emand for separate electorates? (1)CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +8. In which year Ahmedabad mill worker’s Satyagraha was organized? (1) +9. Which Muslim leader was willing to give up the d emand for separate electorates? (1) +10. How did Gandhiji convert the National Movement into a Mass Movement? (3) +11. What is separate electorate? Why do you think Ga ndhiji was against the demand of +separate electorate by B R Ambedkar? (3) +12. What were the causes of the withdrawal of the N on-Cooperation Movement? Explain. (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on +the lines marked on the map. +a. The place of Peasants Satyagraha. +b. The place associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement +ii. Locate and Label Madras-the place where the Ind ian National Congress session held +in 1927 with appropriate symbols on the same map gi ven for identification (3)CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +ii. Locate and Label Madras-the place where the Ind ian National Congress session held +in 1927 with appropriate symbols on the same map gi ven for identification (3) +14. How did a variety of cultural processes play an important role in the making of +nationalism in India? Explain with examples. (5) +15. “Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian folklore" - +Support the statement with suitable examples. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +Answer +1. c. The hardships ended with the war as the Briti sh introduced the Rowlatt Act +Explanation: the war years prices increased leading to extreme h ardship for +the common people. It led to a huge increase in def ence expenditure which was +financed by war loans and increasing taxes: customs duties were raised and +income tax introduced. Villages were called upon to supply soldiers, and the +forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger. Then in 1918-19CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +income tax introduced. Villages were called upon to supply soldiers, and the +forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger. Then in 1918-19 +and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, res ulting in acute shortages of +food. This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic . People hoped that their +hardships would end after the war was over. But tha t did not happen. +2. c. Boycott +Explanation: Boycott – The refusal to deal and associate with peo ple, or +participate in activities, or buy and use things; usu ally a form of protest. +3. b. Abanindranath Tagore +Explanation: Bharat Mata image was painted by Abanindranath Tago re in +1905. Bharat Mata, the mother figure here is shown a s dispensing learning, food +and clothing. The mala in one hand emphasizes her a scetic quality. +4. c. Detention of political prisoners without tria l +Explanation: The Rowlatt Act had been hurriedly passed through t he ImperialCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +4. c. Detention of political prisoners without tria l +Explanation: The Rowlatt Act had been hurriedly passed through t he Imperial +Legislative Council despite the united opposition o f the Indian members. +It gave the government enormous powers to repress p olitical activities, and +allowed detention of political prisoners without tr ial for two years. +5. d. Abanindranath Tagore by his paintings of a mo ther figure in 1905 +Explanation: Bharat Mata, the mother figure is shown as dispensin g learning, +food and clothing. The mala in one hand emphasises her ascetic quality created +by Abanindranath Tagore, 1905. +6. In 1929, Jawaharlal Nehru gave the call for ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for +India in the Lahore Congress session.7. Gandhiji called the Dalits as Harijans i.e Child ren of God. +8. 1918 +9. Mohammad Ali Jinnah was willing to give up the d emand for separate electorates. +10. Gandhiji converted the National Movement into a Mass Movement by:CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +8. 1918 +9. Mohammad Ali Jinnah was willing to give up the d emand for separate electorates. +10. Gandhiji converted the National Movement into a Mass Movement by: +i. His simple and saintly life and style of convinc ing the masses made him popular. +ii. His undisputed leadership and magnetic personal ity. +iii. His policy of non-violent Satyagraha. +iv. His movements like Non-Cooperation and Civil Di sobedience Movements had +mass effects. +v. His programmes of social reforms like fighting a gainst untouchability were highly +appealing. +vi. His commitment to Hindu-Muslim unity gave force and shape to the national +movement. +11. Separate electorates are usually demanded by mi norities who feel it would otherwise +be difficult for them to get fair representation in government. Separate electorate for +Dalits means that Dalits will choose their separate leader by separate elections for +Dalits. +Gandhiji was against the demand of separate elector ate of Dr B R Ambedkar becauseCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Dalits means that Dalits will choose their separate leader by separate elections for +Dalits. +Gandhiji was against the demand of separate elector ate of Dr B R Ambedkar because +he believes that separate electorates for Dalits wo uld slow down the process of their +integration into society consumer movement in India has led to the formation of +various organizations locally known as +12. Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 because of the +following reasons: +i. Gandhiji felt the movement was turning violent a t many places and the +Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before th ey would be ready for the +mass struggle. +ii. Within the Congress, some leaders were by now ti red of mass struggles and +wanted to participate in the elections to the provi ncial councils set up after by the +Government of India Act 1919. +iii. The final blow came after the violent incident in Chauri Chaura in 1922 when aCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Government of India Act 1919. +iii. The final blow came after the violent incident in Chauri Chaura in 1922 when a +group of volunteers picketing a Liquor shop were be aten up by a police officer. In +protest, a group of peasants went to the police stat ion, bolted the door and set fireto the police station killing 22 policemen. The inc ident shocked Gandhiji and he +immediately withdrew the movement. +13. +14. Variety of cultural processes played an importa nt role in the making of nationalism, +in India in the following ways: +a. This sense of collective belonging came partly t hrough the experience of united +struggles and growing anger among people against th e colonial government. +b. The sense of collective belonging inculcated the spirit of nationalism among the +people. History and fiction, folklore and songs and popular prints and symbols +played an important part in the making of nationali sm. +c. The identity of the nation symbolized in a figur e or image of Bharat Mata createdCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +played an important part in the making of nationali sm. +c. The identity of the nation symbolized in a figur e or image of Bharat Mata created +through literature, songs, paintings etc. +d. The movement to revive Indian folklore to enhanc e nationalist sentiments. +e. Role of icons and symbols in unifying people and inspiring in them a feeling of +nationalism. +f. Creating a feeling of nationalism was through a reinterpretation of history.15. Folklores are the legends, music, oral history, pr overbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy +tales, customs, the set of practices which are expres sive and shared by people of the +same region. +This plays the role of a binding factor. The nation alists picked up the national +folklores to use them as a binding factor among the people of India, and revive the +culture of India which was subjugated by the Wester n culture. +A. Ideas of nationalism also developed through a mo vement a revive India folklore.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +culture of India which was subjugated by the Wester n culture. +A. Ideas of nationalism also developed through a mo vement a revive India folklore. +B. In the late nineteenth century India, nationalist s began recording folk tales sung +by bards and they toured villages together folk son gs and legends. +C. It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one’s national +identity and restore a sense of pride in one’s past. +D. In Bengal Rabindranath Tagore himself began coll ecting ballads, nursery rhymes +and myths, and led the movement for folk revival. +E. In madras Natesa Shastri published a massive fou r-volume collection of Tamil folk +tales, the Folklore of Southern India. +F. He believed that folklore was national literatur e; it was most trustworthy +manifestation of people’s real thought and character istics.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 4 The Making of the Global World +1. Which factor played most important role in globa lizing the world economy? (1) +a. Technology +b. Government policies +c. Abolition of Corn Laws +d. Arms and Ammunition +2. Which Conference was held in July 1944 at Bretto n Woods? (1) +a. Earth Conference +b. United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference +c. United nation Development programme Conference +d. United Nations Financial and Monetary Conference +3. Which countries were called Central Powers? (1) +a. Germany, Japan, Italy +b. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey +c. Britain, France and Russia +d. Britain, France and Soviet Union +4. Identify the personality with the help of given information : +i. He was the pioneer of mass production in factori es. +ii. He adapted the assembly line of a Chicago slaug hterhouse. (1) +a. Paul Bernard +b. Henry Ford +c. Louis Philippe +d. John Maynard KeynesCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +ii. He adapted the assembly line of a Chicago slaug hterhouse. (1) +a. Paul Bernard +b. Henry Ford +c. Louis Philippe +d. John Maynard Keynes +5. The Great Depression began around ______ and las ted till the mid ______. (1) +a. 1929,1931b. 1927, 1929 +c. 1929, 1930 +d. 1928,1929 +6. During which year did the Great Depression occur ? (1) +7. What is meant by Rinderpest? (1) +8. Name the economist who thought that Indian gold exports during the Great +Depression of 1929 promoted global economic recover y. (1) +9. Name the countries which were considered as Alli ed Powers. (1) +10. Briefly explain the key lessons which economist s and politicians drew out from inter- +war economic experiences. (3) +11. "The multinational companies (MNCs) choose Chin a as an alternative location for +investment?" Explain the statement. (3) +12. Explain the role of New International Economic Order (NIEO). (3) +13. When was the Bretton Woods Conference convened? State the main aim of theCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +investment?" Explain the statement. (3) +12. Explain the role of New International Economic Order (NIEO). (3) +13. When was the Bretton Woods Conference convened? State the main aim of the +conference. (3) +14. From where did Henry Ford draw inspiration, rega rding the assembly line method? +Describe the assembly line method in the industrial production sector. (5) +15. Define the term trade surplus. How was the inco me received from trade surplus with +India used by Britain? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 4 The Making of the Global World +Answers +1. a. Technology +Explanation: Technology definitely played an important role in globalizing +the world economy during this period. Some of the m ajor technological +innovations were the railways, steamship and telegra ph. +2. b. United Nations Monetary and Financial Confere nce +Explanation: United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference w as held in +July 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire, USA.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +2. b. United Nations Monetary and Financial Confere nce +Explanation: United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference w as held in +July 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire, USA. +3. b. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey +Explanation: The First World War, as you know, was fought between two +power blocs. On the one side were the Allies – Brita in, France and Russia(later +joined by the US); and on the opposite side were the Central Powers – Germany, +Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey +4. b. Henry Ford +Explanation: +i. Henry Ford, the founder of the Ford Motors was th e pioneer of mass +production in factories. +ii. Henry Ford adapted(modified) the assembly line of a Chicago +slaughterhouse (in which slaughtered animals Were p icked apart by +butchers as they came down a conveyor belt) to his new car plant in Detroit. +5. c. 1929, 1930 +Explanation: The Great Depression began around 1929 and lasted till the mid-CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +butchers as they came down a conveyor belt) to his new car plant in Detroit. +5. c. 1929, 1930 +Explanation: The Great Depression began around 1929 and lasted till the mid- +1930s. During this period most parts of the world e xperienced catastrophic +declines in production, employment, incomes and trade . +6. The Great Depression occurred during the year 19 29-1930s. +7. Rinderpest was a deadly cattle disease. It sprea d in Africa in 1880s.8. The economist that thought Indian gold exports p romoted global economic recovery +was John Maynard Keynes. +9. Britain, France and Russia made Allied Powers. +10. The key lessons which economists and politician s drew out from inter-war economic +experiences are: +i. An industrial society based on mass production c annot be sustained without mass +consumption for which there was a need for stable i ncomes guaranteed by stable +employment. This economic stability had to be ensur ed by the government.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +consumption for which there was a need for stable i ncomes guaranteed by stable +employment. This economic stability had to be ensur ed by the government. +ii. The goal of full employment could only be achie ved if governments had power to +control flows of goods, capital and labour. +iii. The main aim of the post war international eco nomic system was to preserve +economic stability and full employment in the indus trial world. +11. i. Since the revolution in 1949, China gradually came in the field of the World +economy. It attracted foreign MNC's because of its lowest economic structure. +ii. Wages were relatively low in China. Thus, these became attractive destinations for +investment by foreign MNCs competing to capture wor ld markets. +iii. China had the largest population besides labou r. They also formed a large +consumer base. +12. G-77 or the Group of 77 demanded a New Internat ional Economic Order (NIEO).CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +iii. China had the largest population besides labou r. They also formed a large +consumer base. +12. G-77 or the Group of 77 demanded a New Internat ional Economic Order (NIEO). +By the New International Economic Order (NIEO) they meant a system that would +give them: +i. Real control on their own natural resources. +ii. More development assistance from advanced or we stern countries. +iii. The fairer price for raw material and better a ccess for their manufactured goods +in developed countries’ markets. +13. The Bretton Woods Conference was convened in Ju ly 1944 at Bretton Woods in New +Hampshire, USA. +The main aims of the conference were as follows: +i. To preserve economic stability and full employme nt in the industrial world.ii. To control the influence of the outer world on the flow of capital, goods and +labour. +iii. The conference established the International M onetary Fund (IMF) and the +International Bank for Reconstruction and Developme nt (World Bank).CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +labour. +iii. The conference established the International M onetary Fund (IMF) and the +International Bank for Reconstruction and Developme nt (World Bank). +14. Henry Ford was car manufacturer. He drew inspir ation regarding the assembly line +method from a Chicago slaughter house. He adapted t his method to his new car plant +in Detroit. +i. The assembly line forced workers to repeat a sin gle task mechanically and +continuously – such as fitting a particular part to the car – at a pace dictated by the +conveyor belt +ii. This was way of increasing the output per worke r by speeding up the pace of work +as he could not afford to delay the motion or take a break. +iii. Standing in front of a conveyor belt no worker could afford to delay the motions, +take a break or have even a friendly word with the workmate. As a result, Henry +Ford’s cars came off the assembly line at a three-mi nute intervals.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +take a break or have even a friendly word with the workmate. As a result, Henry +Ford’s cars came off the assembly line at a three-mi nute intervals. +15. Trade surplus: When the value of exports is higher than value of imports, it called as +trade surplus. +i. Britain used this surplus to balance its trade d eficits with other countries - that is, +with countries from which Britain was importing mor e than it was selling to. +ii. This is how a multi-lateral settlement system w orks - it allows one country’s deficit +with another country to be settled by its surplus w ith a third country. +iii. By helping Britain balance its deficits, India played a crucial role in the late +nineteenth-century world economy. +iv. Britain’s trade surplus in India also helped to pay the so-called 'home charges' that +included private remittances home by British offici als and traders, interest +payments on India’s external debt, and pension of Bri tish officials in India.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +1. Give one word for - "The process in which fibers , such as cotton or wool, are prepared +prior to spinning" (1) +a. Weaving +b. Carding +c. Fuller +d. Spinning +2. What are horizontal threads in Flying shuttle ca lled? (1) +a. Weft +b. Wrinkle +c. Warp +d. Wrap +3. What are vertical threads in Flying shuttle call ed? (1) +a. Warp +b. Weft +c. Wrap +d. Wrinkle +4. The given are the factors which led to the growi ng demands for goods. Choose the +incorrect factor +i. With the expansion of world trade +ii. The reduction of world trade +iii. The acquisition of colonies in different parts of the world (1) +a. ii only +b. ii and i +c. i only +d. iii only5. European Managing Agencies were interested in wh ich type of factories? (1) +a. Opium and Indigo +b. Sugar and Chemical +c. Tea and Coffee +d. Silk and Cotton +6. Which industries were the dynamic industries of England during its earliest phase ofCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +a. Opium and Indigo +b. Sugar and Chemical +c. Tea and Coffee +d. Silk and Cotton +6. Which industries were the dynamic industries of England during its earliest phase of +industrialization? (1) +7. Name the first country to undergo Industrial Rev olution. (1) +8. In which year did the first cotton mill in Bomba y (Mumbai) come up? (1) +9. Name some industries where labour demand was sea sonal. (1) +10. How were machines and technology glorified in E ngland in the early twentieth +century through pictures on the cover pages of some books? (3) +11. Why were most of the producers reluctant to use new technology? Give any three +reasons. (3) +12. Explain the meaning of the term 'Industrial Rev olution'. (3) +13. Explain the position of Indian Textiles in the international market before machines +were introduced in India. (3) +14. Why were there frequent clashes between Gomasth as and weavers in the villages? +Explain five reasons. (5)CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +were introduced in India. (3) +14. Why were there frequent clashes between Gomasth as and weavers in the villages? +Explain five reasons. (5) +15. Explain the five causes of Industrial Revolutio n in England. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +Answer +1. b. Carding +Explanation: The process in which fibers, such as cotton or wool , are +prepared prior to spinning. +2. a. Weft +Explanation: Horizontal threads in Flying shuttle is called Wef t +3. a. Warp +Explanation: Vertical threads in Flying shuttle are called Warp +4. a. ii only +Explanation: With the expansion of world trade and the acquisit ion of +colonies in different parts of the world, the demand for goods began growing +5. c. Tea and Coffee +Explanation: European Managing Agencies, which dominated industr ial +production in India, were interested in certain kind s of products. They +established tea and coffee plantations.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Explanation: European Managing Agencies, which dominated industr ial +production in India, were interested in certain kind s of products. They +established tea and coffee plantations. +6. Silk and footwear were the dynamic industries of England during its earliest phase of +industrialization. +7. The first country to undergo the Industrial Revo lution is Britain. +8. The first cotton mill in Bombay (Mumbai) came up in the year 1854. +9. Industries like wine breweries, book-binding, gas works, ship-repairing and printing +were some industries where labour demand was season al. +10. Machines and technology glorified in England in the early twentieth century through +pictures on the cover pages of some books. For inst ance, +i. The cover page of a music book published by a po pular music publisher E.T. Paullin 1900 had a picture announcing the ‘Dawn of the Ce ntury’. It shows the sign of +progress as there are pictures of railway, camera, ma chines, printing press andCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +progress as there are pictures of railway, camera, ma chines, printing press and +factory on the cover page. +ii. The glorification of machines and technology is even more marked on the cover +page of a trade magazine. The trade magazine shows two magicians. Aladdin is +shown as representing the East and the past. Where the one is the mechanic with +modern tools and builds bridges, ships, towers and hi gh-raised buildings. He +represented the west and modernity. +11. Most of the producers were reluctant to use new technology because: +i. Technological changes occurred slowly. They did not spread dramatically across +the industrial landscape. +ii. New technology was expensive and merchants and industrialists were cautious +about using it. +iii. The machines often broke down and repair was c ostly. They were not as effective +as their inventors and manufacturers claimed. +iv. The reason was that the typical workers in the mid-nineteenth century were not aCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +as their inventors and manufacturers claimed. +iv. The reason was that the typical workers in the mid-nineteenth century were not a +machine operator but the traditional craftsperson a nd labour. +v. In the industries where production fluctuated wi th the season, industrialists +preferred hand labour than machines. +12. a. The ‘Industrial Revolution' is the term given to the massive social, economic, and +technological change in 18th century and 19th century Great Britain. +b. It stands for those developments and inventions which revolutionised the +technique and organisation of production in the lat er half of the 18th century. +c. It commenced with the introduction of steam powe r (fuelled primarily by coal) +and powered automated machinery(primarily in textil e manufacturing). The +technological and economic progress of the Industri al Revolution gained +momentum with the introduction of steam-powered shi ps, boats and railways.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +technological and economic progress of the Industri al Revolution gained +momentum with the introduction of steam-powered shi ps, boats and railways. +d. In place of manual and animal power, new machines and steam power were used +for producing things. This revolution replaced cott age industries by factories, +hand labour by machine work and craftsmen and artis ts by capitalists and factory +owners.13. The Indian Textiles held a leading position in the international market before +machines were introduced in India. +i. Before the age of machine industries, silk and co tton goods from India dominated +the international market in textiles. +ii. Coarser cotton was produced in many countries, b ut the finer varieties often came +from India. +iii. Bales of fine textiles were carried on camel b ack via the North West frontier. Also, +a vibrant sea trade operated through main pre-colon ial ports - Surat, +Masulipatnam and Hoogly.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +from India. +iii. Bales of fine textiles were carried on camel b ack via the North West frontier. Also, +a vibrant sea trade operated through main pre-colon ial ports - Surat, +Masulipatnam and Hoogly. +14. The following were the reasons for the frequent clashes between the gomasthas and +the weavers in the villages. +a. Earlier, supply merchants often belonged to the s ame villages and had a close +relationship with the weavers. +b. The company's appointed Gomasthas were outsiders , with no long-term social link +with the villagers. +c. They were arrogant and marched into the village with sepoys and peons and +punished weavers for delays. +d. The weavers could no longer bargain for prices o r sell to other buyers in place of +the British who paid them low wages. +e. The weavers could not sell their cloth to other buyers because they had to sell to +the company due to the loans they took from them. +f. They had to accept the price offered by the comp any to them, although it was very +low.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +the company due to the loans they took from them. +f. They had to accept the price offered by the comp any to them, although it was very +low. +15. The five causes of Industrial Revolution in Eng land are: +i. Inventions : A series of invention in the eighteenth century i ncreased the efficacy +of each step of the production process and paved th e way for industrialization in +England. +ii. Overseas trade : There had been enormous expansion in overseas tra de of Britain. +This was one of the major causes of technological r evolution. +iii. Surplus benefit : The vast amount of capital which England had accu mulated out ofprofits of her growing trade enabled her to make la rge expenditure on the +machinery and building. This led to new technologic al developments. +iv. Geographical location : The geographical location of England greatly help ed in +industrial revolution. It had extensive coastline a nd many navigable rivers when +water was the easiest means of transportation.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +industrial revolution. It had extensive coastline a nd many navigable rivers when +water was the easiest means of transportation. +v. Factories : In the early nineteenth century, factories increas ingly became an +intimate part of the English landscape. So visible were the imposing new mills, so +magical seemed to be the power of new technology, th at contemporaries were +dazzled.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +1. Which among the following newspapers was the fir st newspaper published in India? +(1) +a. The Bengal Journal +b. The Madras Courier +c. The Bombay Herald +d. The Bengal Gazette +2. Penny chapbooks were first printed from which of the following country? (1) +a. England +b. Canada +c. India +d. China +3. Who invented power-driven cylindrical press? (1) +a. Gutenberg +b. Thomas Luther +c. Richard M. Hoe +d. Erasmus +4. From where was the first hindi newspaper publish ed (1) +a. Kanpur +b. Gujarat +c. Mumbai +d. Uttar Pradesh +5. In order to oppose the opinions of Rammohum Roy which of the following was +published (1) +a. Samachar Chandrikab. Ramcharitmanas +c. Shamsul Akhbar +d. Bengal Gazette +6. How many theses did Martin Luther write? (1) +7. What was the main topic of Jyotiba Phule’s book G ulamgiri? (1) +8. Name the countries that developed earliest print technology. (1)CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +6. How many theses did Martin Luther write? (1) +7. What was the main topic of Jyotiba Phule’s book G ulamgiri? (1) +8. Name the countries that developed earliest print technology. (1) +9. What do you understand from the word ‘Edo’? (1) +10. How did the print popularized the ideas of the enlightened thinkers? (3) +11. Why did the woodblock method become popular in Europe? (3) +12. Mention some new interesting practices used in Japan. (3) +13. What was the reaction of religious authorities and monarchs about printing? (3) +14. How print revolution led to the development of reading mania in Europe. (5) +15. Explain the different effects of print revoluti on. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +Answers +1. d. The Bengal Gazette +Explanation: The first newspaper published in India was The Beng al Gazette +and it was published in the year 1780 by James Hick ey. +2. a. EnglandCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Answers +1. d. The Bengal Gazette +Explanation: The first newspaper published in India was The Beng al Gazette +and it was published in the year 1780 by James Hick ey. +2. a. England +Explanation: Penny Chapbooks were printed from England. These we re +carried by petty pedlars known as chapmen and sold for a penny so that even +the poor could buy them. +3. c. Richard M. Hoe +Explanation: power driven cylindrical press was invented by Rich ard M. Hoe +in the nineteenth century. This press was useful fo r printing nwspapers. +4. a. Kanpur +Explanation: It was published by Jugalkishore from Kanpur. +5. a. Samachar Chandrika +Explanation: Samachar Chandrika was published to oppose the opin ions of +Rammohun Roy which he published in Sambad Kaumudi. This Samachar +Chandrika was published by Bhabani Charan Bandyopad hyay. +6. Ninety-Five Theses were written by Martin Luther criticising many of the practices +and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Chandrika was published by Bhabani Charan Bandyopad hyay. +6. Ninety-Five Theses were written by Martin Luther criticising many of the practices +and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. +7. The main topic of Jyotiba Phule’s book Gulamgiri was regarding the injustices of the +caste system. +8. Japan, China and Korea are the countries that dev eloped earliest print technology. +9. 'Edo' was the urban flourishing circle which lat er to be known as Tokyo. +10. Print played a major role in popularizing the i deas of the enlightened thinkers. It +widely propagated the following thoughts:i. Criticisms: The writings of enlightened thinkers provided a c ritical commentary +on traditions, superstitions and despotism. +ii. Rationality : They argued for the rule of reason rather than cu stom, and demanded +that everything be judged through the application o f reason and rationality. +iii. Legitimacy : They attacked the sacred authority of the Church and the despoticCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +that everything be judged through the application o f reason and rationality. +iii. Legitimacy : They attacked the sacred authority of the Church and the despotic +power of the state, thus eroding the legitimacy of a social order based on tradition. +The writings of philosophists like Voltaire and Rou sseau were read widely. Those +who read these books saw the world through new eyes , eyes that were +questioning, critical and rational. +11. Woodblock printing was a popular form of printi ng before the printing press was +invented. Woodblock printing became popular because of the following reasons: +i. Production of handwritten manuscripts could not meet the ever-increasing +demand for books. +ii. Copying was an expensive, laborious and time-con suming business. +iii. The manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle and could not be carried +around or read easily. +iv. Books were printed books in China as early as 5 94 AD by rubbing paper againstCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +iii. The manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle and could not be carried +around or read easily. +iv. Books were printed books in China as early as 5 94 AD by rubbing paper against +the inked surface of woodblocks. Marco Polo brought this art to Europe, where it +became very popular. +v. In the early 15th century, woodblocks started bei ng widely used in Europe to print +textiles, playing cards and religious pictures with simple, brief texts. +12. Printing of visual material led to interesting publ ishing practices. In the late +eighteenth century, in the flourishing urban circles at Edo (later to be known +as Tokyo), illustrated collections of paintings depi cted an elegant urban +culture, involving artists, courtesans, and teahouse g atherings. +Women, musical instruments, calculations, tea ceremony , flower +arrangements, proper social behaviour (etiquette), co oking and famous people +were the subjects of print material. Libraries and book stores were packedCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +arrangements, proper social behaviour (etiquette), co oking and famous people +were the subjects of print material. Libraries and book stores were packed +with hand-printed materials of various kinds. +13. Not everyone welcomed the printed books and tho se who did also had fears about it. +The religious authorities and monarchs had differnt reaction about printing. +i. It was feared that if there was no control over what was printed and read thenirreligious thoughts might spread. +ii. The authority and value of the valuable literat ure would be destroyed as a result a +widespread criticism of the new printed literature had began to circulate. +14. As literacy and schools spread in European coun tries there was a virtual reading +mania. +i. New forms of popular literature appeared in prin t, targeting new audiences. +ii. Booksellers employed pedlars who roamed around villages, carrying little books +for sale. There were almanacks or ritual calendars, along with ballads and +folktales.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +ii. Booksellers employed pedlars who roamed around villages, carrying little books +for sale. There were almanacks or ritual calendars, along with ballads and +folktales. +iii. In England, penny chapbooks were carried by pet ty peddlers known as chapmen +and sold for a penny, So that even poor could buy th em. +iv. In France, these low priced books were called Bi bliotheque Bleue as they were +bound in cheap blue covers. +v. There were romances, histories, books of various s ixes, serving developed to +combine information on current affairs with enterta inment. +vi. Periodical press developed to combine informati on on current affairs with +entertainment. +vii. The ideas of scientists and philosophers now b ecame more accessible to the +common people. Ancient and medieval scientific text s were compiled and +published, and maps and scientific diagrams were wid ely printed. +15. The effects of print revolution are as follows: +i. Printing reduced the cost of books.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +published, and maps and scientific diagrams were wid ely printed. +15. The effects of print revolution are as follows: +i. Printing reduced the cost of books. +ii. The time and labour required to produce each bo ok came down and multiple +copies could be produced with greater ease. +iii. Print created the possibility of wide circulat ion of ideas and introduced a new +world of debate and discussion. +iv. Print brought about a new intellectual atmosphe re and helped in spreading the +new ideas that led to the reformation. +v. Due to print people became aware and they starte d questioning the authorities. +vi. Print culture was responsible for the French Re volution. +vii. The writings of the enlightened thinkers provi ded a critical commentary on +tradition, superstition and despotism.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +1. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was arrested by British gove rnment after publishing which of +the following poems ? (1) +a. Resistance +b. Bande Matram +c. Maratha +d. Shivaji's Utterences +2. Biliotheque Bleue were printed in which country? (1) +a. Mexico +b. Belgium +c. France +d. China +3. From 1880s Naval kishore Press published numerou s religious texts in vernaculars, +who founded this Naval Kishore Press ? (1) +a. Ratan Naval Kishore +b. Dinesh Naval Kishore +c. Raj Naval Kishore +d. Munshi Naval Kishore +4. Who were Bronte sisters? (1) +a. They were novelists +b. They were philosophers +c. They were historians +d. They were Journalists +5. Offset press was developed in (1) +a. Eighteenth centuryb. Sixteenth century +c. Nineteenth century +d. Seventeenth century +6. Name any four languages in which Indian manuscri pt was prepared before the age of +print. (1)CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +a. Eighteenth centuryb. Sixteenth century +c. Nineteenth century +d. Seventeenth century +6. Name any four languages in which Indian manuscri pt was prepared before the age of +print. (1) +7. How were books produced in ancient India? (1) +8. Name some Indian writers who wrote for and about the poor of our society. (1) +9. On what material were the manuscripts written in ancient India? (1) +10. What do you know about manuscripts of India? (3) +11. Why did James Augustus Hickey claim that the “B engal Gazette was a commercial +paper open to all, but influence by none”? Explain. (3) +12. Can we imagine a world without printed matter? (3) +13. How had the earliest printing technology develo ped in the world? Explain with +examples. (3) +14. How did the ideas of scientists and philosopher s become more accessible to common +people after the beginning of print revolution in E urope? (5)CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +examples. (3) +14. How did the ideas of scientists and philosopher s become more accessible to common +people after the beginning of print revolution in E urope? (5) +15. How did China remain a major producer of printe d material for a long time? (5)CBSE Test Paper -05 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +Answers +1. d. Shivaji's Utterences +Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak wrote a poem namely Shivaji's U tterences. +This poem was published by Tilak in Kesari and for this he was arrested by the +British Government. +2. c. France +Explanation: Biliotheque Bleue were printed in France. These wer e low +priced small books printed on poor quality paper an d bound in cheap blue +covers. +3. d. Munshi Naval Kishore +Explanation: The Naval Kishore Press (NKP) was founded in Luckno w in 1858 +by Munshi Naval Kishore and grew in the following d ecades to one of India’s +most important publishing houses. +4. a. They were novelistsCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +by Munshi Naval Kishore and grew in the following d ecades to one of India’s +most important publishing houses. +4. a. They were novelists +Explanation: The best known novelists in the nineteenth century were +Brounte sisters. Their writings became important in defining a new type of +women. +5. c. Nineteenth century +Explanation: Offset press was developed in the late nineteenth c entury. This +press had a feature of printing up to six colours a t a time. +6. Before the age of print, the Indian manuscript wa s prepared in four languages viz. +Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and Bengali. +7. The texts were written and illustrated by hand i n ancient India. +8. Some Indian writers who wrote for and about the poor of our society were Jyotiba +Phule, BR Ambedkar, EV Ramaswamy Naicker, Mahatma Gand hi and Prem Chand.9. The manuscripts were written on palm leaves or o n handmade paper in ancient +India. +10. i. India had a very rich and old tradition of h andwritten manuscripts in Sanskrit,CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +India. +10. i. India had a very rich and old tradition of h andwritten manuscripts in Sanskrit, +Arabic, Persian as well as in various vernacular lan guages. +ii. Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on ha ndmade papers. +iii. Pages were beautifully illustrated. They would be either pressed between wooden +covers or sewn together to ensure preservation. +iv. Manuscripts continued to be produced till well after the introduction of print, down to +the late nineteenth century. +11. Bengal Gazette was a weekly magazine that descr ibed itself as 'a commercial paper +open to all, but influence by none.' From 1780 James Augustus Hickey began to edit +the magazine. Gradually, it was became private Engli sh enterprise, proud of its +independence from colonial influence that began Eng lish printing in India. Hickey +published freely, right from the advertisements rela ted to the import and sale of +slaves to gossips of company’s senior officials in I ndia. As a result, it enraged theCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +published freely, right from the advertisements rela ted to the import and sale of +slaves to gossips of company’s senior officials in I ndia. As a result, it enraged the +colonial masters and Hickey was persecuted by Gener al Warren Hastings. +12. i. It is difficult for us to imagine a world wi thout printed matter. +ii. We find evidences of print everywhere around us -in books, journals, newspapers, +prints of famous paintings, and also in everyday thi ngs like theatre programmes, +official circulars, calendars, diaries, advertisements , cinema posters at street corners. +iii. We read printed literature, see printed images, follow the news through newspapers, +and track public debates that appear in print. +13. i. The earliest kind of print technology was de veloped in China, Japan and Korea. In +China, woodblock was used for hand printing. +ii. The print was used only by the scholar-official s upto the 6th century but later it +became common.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +China, woodblock was used for hand printing. +ii. The print was used only by the scholar-official s upto the 6th century but later it +became common. +iii. The Buddhist missionaries introduced hand prin ting technology from China to +Japan. +iv. A great explorer Marco Polo brought printing kn owledge of woodblock from China +to Italy. +v. The invention of the printing press proved great miracle in spreading knowledge.14. The ideas of scientists and philosophers became easily accessible to common people +after the print revolution in Europe as: +i. Ancient and medieval scientific texts were compi led and published. Maps and +scientific diagrams were widely printed. +ii. When scientists like Isaac Newton began to publ ish their discoveries, they could +influence a much wider circle of scientific-minded readers by his scientific logic. +iii. The writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques +Rousseau were also widely printed and read.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +iii. The writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques +Rousseau were also widely printed and read. +iv. Those who read these books saw the world throug h new eyes. +v. There was an outpouring of literature that mocke d the royalty and criticized their +morality. +15. China remained a major producers of printing ma terial for a long time as +i. Merchants used print in their everyday life as t hey collected trade information. +ii. Text books for the civil services examination w ere printed in vast numbers under +the sponsorship of the imperial state. +iii. The new readership preferred fictional narrati ves, poetry, romantic plays. +iv. Rich women began to read and many women began p ublishing their poetry and +plays. +v. Wives of scholar and officials published their w ork and courtesans wrote about +their lives.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +1. Ravines refers to the (1) +a. Bad land created at Kulu valley +b. Bad land created at Chambal valley +c. Bad land created at Godavari valley +d. Bad land created at Ganga valley +2. This report introduced the concept of ‘Sustainabl e Development’: (1) +a. Brundtland Commission Report +b. Mandal Commission Report +c. Simon Commission Report +d. Bretley Commission Report +3. Name the most widely spread soil in India. (1) +a. black soil +b. red soil +c. Alluvial soil +d. late rite soil +4. At present, there are about ______ hectares of de graded land in India. (1) +a. 130 thousand +b. 130 crores +c. 30 million +d. 130 million +5. In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced? (1) +a. Punjab +b. Plains of Uttar Pradesh +c. Uttarakhandd. Haryana +6. What is strip cropping? (1) +7. What soil is the best for cotton cultivation? (1)CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +a. Punjab +b. Plains of Uttar Pradesh +c. Uttarakhandd. Haryana +6. What is strip cropping? (1) +7. What soil is the best for cotton cultivation? (1) +8. Where was the first International Earth Summit h eld? (1) +9. State the importance of Rio convention. (1) +10. How do rocks plays an important role in the for mation of soil? (3) +11. Explain any three steps that can be taken to so lve the problem of land degradation. +(3) +12. What are the different factors that determine l and use? (3) +13. Why does the pattern of net sown area vary from one state to another? (3) +14. How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources? +(5) +15. Provide a suitable classification of resources on the basis of ownership. Mention main +features of any three types of such resources. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +Answers +1. b. Bad land created at Chambal valleyCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +features of any three types of such resources. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +Answers +1. b. Bad land created at Chambal valley +Explanation: A ravine is a landform narrower than a canyon and i s often the +product of stream cutting erosion.The Chambal river badlands is a late +Pleistocene-Holocene degradational landscape. In th e Chambal basin such lands +are called ravines. +2. a. Brundtland Commission Report +Explanation: The seminal contribution with respect to resource c onservation +at the global level was made by the Brundtland Comm ission Report, 1987. The +term sustainable development was coined in the pape r Our Common Future, +released by the Brundtland Commission. The UN Gener al Assembly realized +that there was a heavy deterioration of the human e nvironment and natural +resources. To rally countries to work and pursue su stainable development +together, the UN decided to establish the Brundtland Commission. +3. c. Alluvial soilCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +resources. To rally countries to work and pursue su stainable development +together, the UN decided to establish the Brundtland Commission. +3. c. Alluvial soil +Explanation: Alluvial Soils: This is the most widely spread and important soil. +Alluvial soils is are formed by the deposits of the sediments brought by rivers. +Most of the rivers originate from the Himalayas and bring along high amount of +sediments with them. It is found in the northern pl ains beginning from Punjab +to West Bengal and Assam. It is also found in delta s of different rivers such as +Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri and Mahanadi in peninsular India. Alluvial soil is +highly fertile and is light grey in colour. Crops m ainly cultivated include wheat, +rice, maize, sugarcane, pulses, oilseed etc. +4. d. 130 million +Explanation: At present, there are about 130 million hectares of degraded +land in India. Approximately, 28 per cent of it belo ngs to the category of forestCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +4. d. 130 million +Explanation: At present, there are about 130 million hectares of degraded +land in India. Approximately, 28 per cent of it belo ngs to the category of forest +degraded area, 56 per cent of it is water eroded are a and the rest is affected by +saline and alkaline deposits. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed s ignificantly in land +degradation. +5. c. Uttarakhand +Explanation: Terrace or Step farming is a downward sloped sectio n which has +been fragmented into series of consecutive flat sur faces. These surfaces are +used in vegetation and cultivation of vegetables, cr ops or flowers. Terrace +farming is the most relevant and efficient way of f arming for hilly regions such +as Uttarakhand state. +6. The method of cropping in which large fields div ided into strips is called strip +cropping. There are strips of grass left to grow be tween the crops. This is done +because breaks up the force of the wind.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +cropping. There are strips of grass left to grow be tween the crops. This is done +because breaks up the force of the wind. +7. Black soil is the best for growing cotton. The b lack soil moistures very well hence it is +excellent for growing cotton. +8. The first International Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. +9. Rio convention is the first-ever legal conventio n on global climate change and +biological diversity, held in Brazil. The Summit was convened for addressing urgent +problems of environmental protection and socio-econ omic development at the global +level. +10. It takes millions of years to form soil upto a few cm in depth. Relief, parent rock or +bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in +the formation of soil. Various forces of nature suc h as change in temperature, actions +of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of de composers etc. contribute to theCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +the formation of soil. Various forces of nature suc h as change in temperature, actions +of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of de composers etc. contribute to the +formation of soil. It is believed that climatic con dition along with the parent rock +material are the important factors for the formatio n of soil and its texture. +11. The following steps can be taken to solve the p roblem of land degradation. +i. Contour ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate th e flow +of water down the slopes. This type of farming is u sually practised across the +hillside and is useful in collecting and diverting the runoff to avoid erosion. +ii. Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes, making terraces . Terracecultivation restricts erosion. The use of terraces help to prevent erosion and soil +runoff. By using terraces, a hillside can remain pro ductive for as long as the soil is +properly cared for and the terraces maintained.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +runoff. By using terraces, a hillside can remain pro ductive for as long as the soil is +properly cared for and the terraces maintained. +iii. Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to +grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind, reducing its effect. +12. Both physical and human factors determine the l and use pattern of any area. +i. Physical factors include topography, climate, and soil types. +ii. Human factors include population density, techno logical capability and cultural +traditions. +13. Net sown area depends on topography and forest cover. This factor varies from one +place to another. Hence, the pattern of net sown are a varies from one state to +another. On account of the vast expanse of India, it s relief, climate, soil and socio- +economic set-up vary from region to region accounti ng for the variation in the pattern +of net sown area from one state to another.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +economic set-up vary from region to region accounti ng for the variation in the pattern +of net sown area from one state to another. +i. The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 +per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana. G eographical conditions like +climate and soil here, are favourable for cultivatio n. Further, due to agricultural +advancement through Green Revolution, more areas hav e been brought under +cultivation. +ii. On the other hand, less than 10 per cent of the total area is net sown area in +Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and Andaman and N icobar Islands. +Topographical constraints, unfavourable climate and socio-economic reasons +account for the low proportion of net sown areas in these states. +14. Technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources in the +following ways: +i. Human beings interact with nature through techno logy and create institutions to +accelerate their economic development.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +following ways: +i. Human beings interact with nature through techno logy and create institutions to +accelerate their economic development. +ii. As more technological development occurs there is an increased need for inputs +and utilization of resources. +iii. Technical and technological development is clo sely linked to economicdevelopment. +iv. For example, more factories providing employment to more people are a +necessity. For the factory land and labour is used. For this mining of minerals and +metals increases. +15. i. Classification of resources on the basis of ownership: +a. Individual resources +b. Community-owned resources +c. National resources +d. International resources +i. Individual resources: Resources which are privately owned against the +payment of revenue by individuals, e.g., ponds, pastur e lands, etc. These are also +referred to as a private resource. These are indica tors of a capitalist country and +its influence.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +payment of revenue by individuals, e.g., ponds, pastur e lands, etc. These are also +referred to as a private resource. These are indica tors of a capitalist country and +its influence. +ii. Community-owned resources: Resources which are accessible to all the +members of a community, e.g., picnic spots. These ass ets can be people, places or +structures, and community services. +iii. National resources: All the resources (minerals, water resources, forest s, +wildlife, land) which are present in the political b oundaries and oceanic area of a +nation up to 12 nautical miles in the ocean from th e coast, termed as terrestrial +water and resources therein belong to the nation.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +1. Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without any payment is referred to as: +(1) +a. Auzar +b. Begar +c. Madadgar +d. Rozgar +2. The main features of the Poona Pact of September 1932 were: (1) +a. Reserved seats for Depressed Classes in provinci al and central legislative councils +b. To be voted by special electorates +c. The Dalits to be called Depressed Classes and no t Harijans +d. Separate electorates for Dalits +3. Who led the peasants' movement in Oudh during th e Non-Cooperation Movement? (1) +a. Jawahar lal Nehru +b. Baba Ramchandra +c. Sardar Patel +d. Mahatma Gandhi +4. The Non-Cooperation Movement was started by Maha tma Gandhi in support of: (1) +a. Khilafat and Swaraj +b. Swaraj +c. Khilafat +d. Chauri Chaura +5. Name two industrial organizations established by Indian merchants and industrialists to +protect their business interests. (1)CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a. Khilafat and Swaraj +b. Swaraj +c. Khilafat +d. Chauri Chaura +5. Name two industrial organizations established by Indian merchants and industrialists to +protect their business interests. (1) +a. The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (1 920) and The Confederation of +Indian Industry (CII) +b. The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (1 920) and Federation of the Indian +Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927 +c. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and U nion of Commerce and Trade +d. The Federation of the Indian Chambers of Commerc e and Industry (FICCI) in 1927 andThe Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) +6. Why did Gandhiji take up the Khilafat issue? (1) +7. Who was the leader of the peasants in the Gudem Hills of Andhra? (1) +8. Why had Congress ignored the dalits for long? (1) +9. Who was known as 'Lion of Punjab'? (1) +10. Who gave the slogan “Inquilab – Zindabad”? What d o you understand by this slogan? (3)CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +8. Why had Congress ignored the dalits for long? (1) +9. Who was known as 'Lion of Punjab'? (1) +10. Who gave the slogan “Inquilab – Zindabad”? What d o you understand by this slogan? (3) +11. Explain the efforts made by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar f or the political empowerment of the +Dalits or Depressed Classes. (3) +12. Why did the growth of nationalism in the coloni es linked to anti colonial movement? (3) +13. Two features A and B are marked in the given po litical map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the +lines marked on the map. +i. Place where non-cooperation movement was called off +ii. Place where no tax campaign was started (3) +14. Define Rowlatt Act. Why did Indians react again st Rowlatt Act? (5) +15. How did different social groups participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain +with examples. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +Answer +1. b. BegarCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +15. How did different social groups participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain +with examples. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +Answer +1. b. Begar +Explanation: Begar – Labour that villagers were forced to contrib ute without +any payment Peasants had to do begar and work at la ndlords’ farms without +any payment. As tenants they had no security of ten ure, being regularly evicted +so that they could acquire no right over the leased land. +2. a. Reserved seats for Depressed Classes in provi ncial and central legislative +councils +Explanation: Gandhiji began a fast unto death. He believed that separate +electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into +society. Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s pos ition and the result was +the Poona Pact of September 1932. It gave the Depre ssed Classes (later to be +known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in pro vincial and centralCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +the Poona Pact of September 1932. It gave the Depre ssed Classes (later to be +known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in pro vincial and central +legislative councils, but they were to be voted in b y the general electorate. +3. a. Jawahar lal Nehru +Explanation: In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru began going around th e villages +in Awadh, talking to the villagers, and trying to und erstand their grievances. By +October, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by J awaharlal Nehru, Baba +Ramchandra and a few others. +4. a. Khilafat and Swaraj +Explanation: Gandhiji saw Khilafat Movement as an opportunity to bring +Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national mo vement. At the Calcutta +session of the Congress in September 1920, he convin ced other leaders of the +need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for +swaraj. +5. b. The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (1920) and Federation of theCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for +swaraj. +5. b. The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (1920) and Federation of the +Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) i n 1927 +Explanation: To organize business interests, they formed the Indi anIndustrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian +Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927. Led by prominent +industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G. D. Birla, the industrialists +attacked colonial control over the Indian economy, a nd supported the Civil +Disobedience Movement when it was first launched. +6. The Khilafat issue gave Gandhiji the opportunity to bring the Hindus and Muslims on +a common platform and to launch a more broad-based movement. +7. Alluri Sitaram Raju was the leader of the peasan ts in the Gudem Hills of Andhra. +8. Congress ignored the Dalits for long because of the fear of offending the Sanatanis.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +7. Alluri Sitaram Raju was the leader of the peasan ts in the Gudem Hills of Andhra. +8. Congress ignored the Dalits for long because of the fear of offending the Sanatanis. +9. Lala Lajpat Rai was known as Lion of Punjab. +10. a. The famous slogan Inquilab Zindabad was give n by Hasrat Mohani. This famous +slogan inspired the activities of the Hindustan Soc ialist Republican Association +particularly Ashfaqulla Khan, Bhagat Singh and Chand rashekhar Azad. +b. It is a Hindustani phrase taken from Persian whi ch translates to "Long Live +Revolution". +c. It was a common phrase used by revolutionaries d uring the British rule over +India. +d. It was popularized in the activities of the Hind ustan Socialist Republican +Association by revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad, +who used it to urge future generations to endorse, a nd support the party’s +rebellious actions. +11. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar believed that political empowe rment could resolve the problem ofCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +who used it to urge future generations to endorse, a nd support the party’s +rebellious actions. +11. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar believed that political empowe rment could resolve the problem of +their social disability. The following efforts were made by him: +i. He organized the 'Dalits' into the Depressed Cla sses Association in 1930. He +believed that political empowerment could resolve t he problem of their social +disability. +ii. He dashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the Second Rou nd Table Conference by +demanding separate electorates for Dalits. +iii. In 1932, he signed Poona Pact which gave the de pressed classes reserved seats inthe provincial and central legislative councils. +12. In India the feeling of nationalism is associat ed with anti colonial movement . In the +process of their struggle against the colonial yoke people began to discover their own +identity of belonging to one nation. By the end of Nineteenth century anti-colonialCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +process of their struggle against the colonial yoke people began to discover their own +identity of belonging to one nation. By the end of Nineteenth century anti-colonial +Movement in most of the colonies led to the growth of nationalism. The colonial +exploitation led to poverty and caused miseries to the people. The shared a common +hatred against the colonial rule. In colonies the p eople began to discover their unity in +the process of their struggle against colonialism. Each section of the society felt the +effects of colonialism. The British policy of racia lism and that of divide and rule +exposed the nature of their rule and created the fe eling of oneness among Indians. +They felt the sense of common hatred against coloni al rule. +13. +14. A. This Act had been hurriedly passed through t he Imperial Legislative Council +despite the united opposition of Indian Members. +B. It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities, andCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +despite the united opposition of Indian Members. +B. It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities, and +allowed detention of political prisoners without tr ial for two years. +C. The Rowlett Act acted as an instrument of suppre ssion of civil rights of the Indianshence produced widespread discontent among masses. +The reactions of people against the Rowlatt Act pas sed through the Imperial +Legislative Council 1919 were as follows: +1. Rallies were organised in various cities. +2. Workers went on strike in railway workshops. +3. Shops closed down. +4. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedi ence against such unjust laws, +for which a day of hartal was fixed on 6 April,1919. +15. The different social groups which participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement +were: +a. In the countryside, the rich peasant communities like Patidars of Gujarat and Jats +of Uttar Pradesh took an active part in the movemen t. They were hard hit by tradeCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +were: +a. In the countryside, the rich peasant communities like Patidars of Gujarat and Jats +of Uttar Pradesh took an active part in the movemen t. They were hard hit by trade +depression and falling prices and were unable to pa y the government's revenue +demand. For them, Swaraj meant to struggle against h igh revenue. +b. As the depression continued poor peasantry found it difficult to pay the rent. They +joined a variety of radical movements often led by socialists and communists. +c. Indian merchants and industrialists resented col onial policies which restricted +trade. They were against imports of foreign goods. When the civil disobedience +movement was first launched, they gave financial ass istance and refused to buy or +sell imported cloth. To organise business interests , they formed the Indian +Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian +Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian +Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927. +d. Some workers participated in the movement with t heir selective approach +adopted from Gandhian ideas to protest against low wages and poor working +conditions. There were strikes by railway workers a nd dockyard workers. +Thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and +participated in protest rallies and boycott campaig ns. +e. Women joined the Civil Disobedience Movement in large number. They +participated in protest marches, manufactured salt a nd picketed foreign cloth and +liquor shops.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +1. By which movement nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth? (1) +a. Non Coperation movement +b. Swadeshi movement +c. Dandi March +d. Civil Rights Movement +2. What is Bourgeoisie? (1) +a. Upper middle class +b. Nobles +c. Lower middle class +d. Labourers +3. Over 50 per cent workers in the Bombay cotton in dustries in 1911 came from which +neighbouring district? (1) +a. Ratlam +b. Andheri +c. Thane +d. Ratnagiri +4. Give name of the companies with the help of foll owing information: +i. It is a European Managing Agency +ii. This Agency mobilised capital, set up joint-stoc k companies and managed them +(1) +a. Andrew Yule +b. Bird Yule +c. Tata Iron and Steel Company +d. East India Company5. How many percent of the workers in the Bombay co tton industries came from the +neighbouring district of Ratnagiri in 1911? (1) +a. 60% +b. 80% +c. 55% +d. 50%CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +d. East India Company5. How many percent of the workers in the Bombay co tton industries came from the +neighbouring district of Ratnagiri in 1911? (1) +a. 60% +b. 80% +c. 55% +d. 50% +6. Name two new ports which grew in importance afte r the decline of Surat and +Hooghly. (1) +7. Mention any two advantages of a fly shuttle. (1) +8. What do you understand about Orient? (1) +9. Name the author of the music book, 'Dawn of the c entury? (1) +10. What was the impact of new trade network on wea vers introduced by East India +Company in India? (3) +11. How did the Industrial pace change after the Fi rst World War in India? (3) +12. How did jobbers misuse his position and power? E xplain. (3) +13. How international financial systems led to peri odic debt crisis in the developing +countries? (3) +14. Describe any five major problems faced by new E uropean merchants in setting up +their industries in towns before the industrial rev olution. (5)CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +countries? (3) +14. Describe any five major problems faced by new E uropean merchants in setting up +their industries in towns before the industrial rev olution. (5) +15. What problems were faced by the Indian cotton w eavers in the nineteenth century? +Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +Answer +1. b. Swadeshi movement +Explanation: As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationa lists +mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. +2. a. Upper middle class +Explanation: Bourgeoisie: A term used to describe the upper mid dle class. +3. d. Ratnagiri +Explanation: Over 50 per cent workers in the Bombay cotton indu stries in +1911 came from the neighbouring district of Ratnagi ri. +4. a. Andrew Yule +Explanation: Andrew Yule +i. It is a European Managing Agency +ii. This Agency mobilised capital, set up joint-stoc k companies and managed +them +5. d. 50% +Explanation: Over 50 per cent workers in the Bombay cotton indu stries inCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +ii. This Agency mobilised capital, set up joint-stoc k companies and managed +them +5. d. 50% +Explanation: Over 50 per cent workers in the Bombay cotton indu stries in +1911 came from the neighbouring district of Ratnagi ri. +6. New ports which grew in importance after the dec line of Surat and Hoogly were +Bombay and Calcutta. +7. The following are the advantages of a fly shuttl e +a. It speeded up production +b. The labour demand reduced. +8. Orient were the countries to the east of the Med iterranean, usually referring to Asia. +The term arises out of a western viewpoint that see s this region as traditional, pre- +modern and mysterious.9. In 1900, a popular music publisher E.T. Paul prod uced a music book that had a picture +on the cover page announcing the ‘Dawn of the Centur y’ +10. The impact of new trade network on weavers intr oduced by the East India Company +was: +a. The weavers were caught in the web of system of advances introduced by East +India Company.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +10. The impact of new trade network on weavers intr oduced by the East India Company +was: +a. The weavers were caught in the web of system of advances introduced by East +India Company. +b. They devoted entire time to weaving. They were f orced to accept the prices fixed +by the company. +c. There were reports of clashes between weavers an d Gomasthas . Gomasthas acted +very arrogantly and punished the weavers for delay in supply. The weavers lost +the space to bargain for prices and sell to differe nt buyers. +d. Some weavers deserted the village and migrated, s etting up looms in other villages +where they had some family relations. +11. Till the First World War the industrial growth was very slow as the early cotton mills +in India produced coarse cotton yarn rather than fa bric. Only imported yarn was of +the superior variety. By the first decade of the tw entieth century, a series of changes +affected the pattern of industrialization. Industri alisation in India began shifting fromCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +the superior variety. By the first decade of the tw entieth century, a series of changes +affected the pattern of industrialization. Industri alisation in India began shifting from +yarn to cloth production. The industrial pace in In dia changed drastically because: +a. During First World War British mills were busy w ith war production to meet the +needs of the army, Manchester imports into India dec lined. Due to this reason +Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. +b. As the war prolonged Indian factories were calle d upon to supply war needs. +c. New factories were set up and old ones ran multi ple shifts. Over the war years +industrial production boomed. +12. The jobbers were usually employed by the indust rialists to get new recruits. Since +jobbers provided employment to the job seekers, they soon became a person with +some authority and power. But soon they started mis using their power and position +as: +a. They sometimes asked for money as bribe.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +some authority and power. But soon they started mis using their power and position +as: +a. They sometimes asked for money as bribe. +b. They even demanded some gifts for his favour. +c. They started controlling lives of workers. +13. i. From the mid-1970s, the international financi al system also changed in important +ways.ii. Earlier, developing countries could turn to inte rnational institutions for loans and +development assistance. +iii. But now, they were forced to borrow from wester n commercial banks and private +lending institutions. +iv. This led to periodic debt crisis in the develop ing world, and lower incomes and +increased poverty, especially in Africa and Latin Am erica. +14. Due to expansion of world trade, the merchants w anted to expand their production. +But the major problems faced by new European mercha nts in setting up their +industries in towns before the industrial revolutio n were: +i. Urban crafts and trade guilds were very powerful . They could create manyCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +industries in towns before the industrial revolutio n were: +i. Urban crafts and trade guilds were very powerful . They could create many +problems for the merchants in their towns. +ii. These associations of producers that trained cr aftspeople, maintained control over +production, regulated competition and prices, and res tricted the entry of new +people into the trade. +iii. Rulers had granted the monopoly rights to diff erent guild to produce and trade in +specific products. +iv. In the countryside, peasants and artisans were a vailable for work. +15. The problems were faced by the Indian cotton we avers in the nineteenth century are +as follows: +a. Import duties : The export market of Indian cotton weaver collaps ed due to +increase in import duties on them in England. +b. Cheap competitive products : Their local market shrank as they were flooded wi th +cheap Manchester imports. +c. Insufficent raw cotton : The local weavers could not get sufficient supply of rawCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +b. Cheap competitive products : Their local market shrank as they were flooded wi th +cheap Manchester imports. +c. Insufficent raw cotton : The local weavers could not get sufficient supply of raw +cotton of good quality. +d. High prices : When the Americans civil war broke out and cotton supplies from the +US were cut off, Britain turned to India. Indian wea vers were forced to buy cotton +at very high prices. +e. Machine-made goods : By the end of nineteenth century, factories in Ind ia began +production and flooded the market with machine good s. This created the problem +of survival for weaving industries.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +EVENTS AND PROCESSESSECTION I +2024-25 +2024-25 +3 +Nationalism in EuropeIn 1848, Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four +prints visualising his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic +and social R epublics’, as he called them. The first print (Fig . 1) of the +series, shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women +of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering +homage to the statue of Liberty as they pass by it. As you would +recall, artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty +as a female figure – here you can recognise the torch of Enlightenment +she bears in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the +other . On the ear th in the f oreground of the ima ge lie the sha ttered +remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions . In Sor rieu’s +utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct +nations, identified through their flags and national costume. LeadingCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct +nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading +the pr ocession, way past the sta tue of Liber ty, are the United Sta tes +and Switz erland, which by this time w ere already nation-sta tes. France, +The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +Fig. 1 — The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics – The Pact Between Nations , a print prepared by +Frédéric Sorrieu, 1848. +Chapter I The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +New words +Absolutist – Liter ally, a government or +system of rule that has no restraints on +the po wer exercised. In histor y, the ter m +r +efers to a for m of monar chical +government that was centralised, +militarised and repressive +Utopian – A vision of a society that is so +ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist +In what way do you think this print (Fig. 1) +depicts a utopian vision?Activity +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary WorldCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist +In what way do you think this print (Fig. 1) +depicts a utopian vision?Activity +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +4identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. +She is f ollowed by the peoples of Germany, bearing the b lack, red +and g old flag. Interestingly, at the time w hen Sor rieu cr eated this +image, the Ger man peoples did not y et exist as a united na tion – the +flag they carry is an expression of liberal hopes in 1848 to unify the +numer ous Ger man-speaking principalities into a na tion-sta te under +a democr atic constitution. Following the Ger man peoples are the +peoples of Austria, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies , Lombar dy, +Poland, England, Ireland, Hung ary and R ussia. F rom the hea vens +above, Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene. They have +been used by the artist to symbolise fraternity among the nations of +the world.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +above, Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene. They have +been used by the artist to symbolise fraternity among the nations of +the world. +This chapter will deal with many of the issues visualised by Sorrieu +in Fig . 1. During the nineteenth centur y, nationalism emer ged as a +force which brought about sweeping changes in the political and +mental world of Europe. The end result of these changes was the +emergence of the nation-state in place of the multi-national dynastic +empir es of Europe. The conce pt and pr actices of a moder n state, in +which a centralised power exercised sovereign control over a clearly +defined ter ritory, had been de veloping o ver a long period of time +in Europe. But a nation-state was one in which the majority of its +citizens, and not only its rulers, came to develop a sense of common +identity and shared history or descent. This commonness did not +exist fr om time immemorial; it was forged thr ough str uggles, throughCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +identity and shared history or descent. This commonness did not +exist fr om time immemorial; it was forged thr ough str uggles, through +the actions of leaders and the common people. This chapter will +look at the diverse processes through which nation-states and +nationalism came into being in nineteenth-century Europe.Ernst Renan, ‘What is a Nation?’ +In a lecture delivered at the University of +Sorbonne in 1882, the French philosopher Ernst +Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of +what makes a nation. The lecture was +subsequently published as a famous essay entitled +‘Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?’ (‘What is a Nation?’). +In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested +by others that a nation is formed by a common +language, race, religion, or territory: +‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of +endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, +great men, glory , that is the social capi tal upon +which one bases a national idea. T o haveCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of +endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, +great men, glory , that is the social capi tal upon +which one bases a national idea. T o have +common glories in the past, to have a common +will in the present, to have performed great deeds +together , to wish to perf orm sti ll mor e, these +are the essential conditions of being a people. A +nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity … Its +existence is a daily plebiscite … A province is its +inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be +consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never +has any real interest in annexing or holding on to +a country against its will. The existence of nations +is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence +is a guar antee of l iberty, which would be lost i f +the world had only one la w and only one master .’ +SourceSource A +Summarise the attributes of a nation, as Renan +underst ands them. Why , in his view , are nations +important?DiscussNew wordsCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +the world had only one la w and only one master .’ +SourceSource A +Summarise the attributes of a nation, as Renan +underst ands them. Why , in his view , are nations +important?DiscussNew words +Plebiscite – A direct vote by which all the +people of a region are asked to accept or reject +a proposal +2024-25 +5 +Nationalism in Europe1 The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation +The first clear expression of nationalism came with +the French Revolution in 1789. France, as you +would remember, was a full-fledged territorial state +in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch. +The political and constitutional changes that came +in the wake of the French Revolution led to the +transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a +body of French citiz ens. The revolution pr oclaimed +that it was the people who would henceforth +constitute the na tion and sha pe its destin y +. +From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries +introduced various measures and practices thatCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +that it was the people who would henceforth +constitute the na tion and sha pe its destin y +. +From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries +introduced various measures and practices that +could create a sense of collective identity amongst +the French people. The ideas of la patrie (the +fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised +the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a +constitution. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace +the former r oyal standar d. The Esta tes Gener al was elected b y the +body of active citiz ens and r enamed the Na tional Assemb ly. New +hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, +all in the name of the nation. A centralised administrative system +was put in place and it f ormulated unif orm laws for all citiz ens +within its ter ritory. Inter nal customs duties and dues w ere abolished +and a unif orm system of weights and measur es was adopted.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +within its ter ritory. Inter nal customs duties and dues w ere abolished +and a unif orm system of weights and measur es was adopted. +Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken +and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation. +The revolutionaries further declared that it was the mission and the +destiny of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe +from despotism, in other words to help other peoples of Europe +to become na tions. +When the news of the events in France reached the different cities +of Europe, students and other members of educated middle classes +began setting up J acobin c lubs. Their activities and campaigns +prepared the w ay for the F rench armies w hich mo ved into Holland, +Belgium, Switz erland and m uch of Italy in the 1790s . With the +outbr eak of the r evolutionar y wars, the F rench armies be gan to +carry the idea of nationalism abroad. +Fig. 2 — The cover of a German almanacCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +outbr eak of the r evolutionar y wars, the F rench armies be gan to +carry the idea of nationalism abroad. +Fig. 2 — The cover of a German almanac +designed by the journalist Andreas Rebmann in +1798. +The image of the French Bastille being stormed +by the revolutionary crowd has been placed +next to a similar fortress meant to represent the +bastion of despotic rule in the German province +of Kassel. Accompanying the illustration is the +slogan: ‘The people must seize their own +freedom!’ Rebmann lived in the city of Mainz +and was a member of a German Jacobin group. +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +6Within the wide swathe of territory that came under his control, +Napoleon set a bout intr oducing man y of the r eforms tha t he had +already introduced in France. Through a return to monarchy +Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed democracy in France, but in +the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles +in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient. TheCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed democracy in France, but in +the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles +in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient. The +Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code – +did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality +before the la w and secur ed the right to pr operty. This Code was +exported to the regions under French control. In the Dutch Republic, +in Switz erland, in Ital y and Ger many, Napoleon simplif ied +administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed +peasants fr om serfdom and manorial dues . In the to wns too , guild +restrictions w ere removed. Transpor t and comm unica tion systems +were improved. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen +Fig. 3 — Europe after the +Congress of Vienna, 1815.ICELAND +(DENMARK) +NOR WAY +(SWEDEN) +SWEDEN +DENMARK +HABOVER +(G.B.) +NETHERLANDSENGLANDWALESIRELAND GREA T +BRIT AINSCOTLAND +FRANCE +SPAIN +PORTUGALCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Fig. 3 — Europe after the +Congress of Vienna, 1815.ICELAND +(DENMARK) +NOR WAY +(SWEDEN) +SWEDEN +DENMARK +HABOVER +(G.B.) +NETHERLANDSENGLANDWALESIRELAND GREA T +BRIT AINSCOTLAND +FRANCE +SPAIN +PORTUGAL +MOROCCOALGERIATUNIS +EGYPTPALESTINESYRIA +CYPRUSMESOPOT AMIAARMENIAOTTOMAN EMPIRE +CRETEGREECEBULGARIAROMANIA +SERBIAHUNGARYAUSTRIAN EMPIRE +AUSTRIAGALICIA +BAVARIA +SWITZERLANDPRUSSIA +POLANDRUSSIAN EMPIRE +SARDINIACORSICASMALL +STATES +KINGDOM +OF THE +TWO +SICILIESGEORGIA +PERSIA +MEDITERRANEAN SEAATLANTIC SEA +2024-25 +7 +Nationalism in Europeenjoyed a new-found freedom. Businessmen and small-scale +producer s of goods, in par ticular , began to r ealise tha t unif orm +laws, standardised weights and measures, and a common national +currency would facilitate the movement and exchange of goods +and ca pital fr om one r egion to another . +However, in the areas conquered, the reactions of the local +popula tions to F rench rule w ere mix ed. Initiall y, in man y places suc hCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +and ca pital fr om one r egion to another . +However, in the areas conquered, the reactions of the local +popula tions to F rench rule w ere mix ed. Initiall y, in man y places suc h +as Holland and Switzerland, as well as in certain cities like Brussels, +Mainz, Milan and W arsaw, the F rench armies w ere welcomed as +harbing ers of liberty. But the initial enthusiasm soon tur ned to hostility , +as it became clear that the new administrative arrangements did not +go hand in hand with political freedom. Increased taxation, +censor ship, forced conscription into the F rench armies r equir ed to +conquer the rest of Europe, all seemed to outweigh the advantages +of the administr ative changes. +Fig. 4 — The Planting of Tree of Liberty in Zweibrücken, Germany. +The subject of this colour print by the German painter Karl Kaspar Fritz is the occupation of the town of Zweibrücken +by the French armies. French soldiers, recognisable by their blue, white and red uniforms, have been portrayed asCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +by the French armies. French soldiers, recognisable by their blue, white and red uniforms, have been portrayed as +oppressors as they seize a peasant’s cart (left), harass some young women (centre foreground) and force a peasant +down to his knees. The plaque being affixed to the Tree of Liberty carries a German inscription which in translation +reads: ‘Take freedom and equality from us, the model of humanity.’ This is a sarcastic reference to the claim of the +French as being liberators who opposed monarchy in the territories they entered. +Fig. 5 — The courier of Rhineland loses all that +he has on his way home from Leipzig. +Napoleon here is represented as a postman on +his way back to France after he lost the battle of +Leipzig in 1813. Each letter dropping out of his +bag bears the names of the territories he lost. +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +8If you look at the map of mid-eighteenth-century Europe you will +find tha t ther e were no ‘nation-sta tes’ as we kno w them toda y.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +8If you look at the map of mid-eighteenth-century Europe you will +find tha t ther e were no ‘nation-sta tes’ as we kno w them toda y. +What we kno w toda y as Ger many +, Italy and Switz erland w ere +divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their +autonomous ter ritories . Easter n and Centr al Europe w ere under +autocratic monarchies within the territories of which lived diverse +peoples . They did not see themselv es as sharing a collecti ve identity +or a common culture. Often, they even spoke different languages +and belong ed to dif ferent ethnic g roups. The Habsb urg Empire +that ruled o ver Austria-Hung ary, for example , was a pa tchwork of +many different regions and peoples . It inc luded the Alpine r egions +– the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland – as w ell as Bohemia, +where the aristocr acy was predominantl y Ger man-speaking . It also +included the Italian-speaking pr ovinces of Lombar dy and Venetia.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +where the aristocr acy was predominantl y Ger man-speaking . It also +included the Italian-speaking pr ovinces of Lombar dy and Venetia. +In Hung ary, half of the popula tion spok e Magyar while the other +half spok e a variety of dialects . In Galicia, the aristocr acy spok e +Polish. Besides these thr ee dominant g roups, there also li ved within +the boundaries of the empire, a mass of subject peasant peoples – +Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Carniola, Croats +to the south, and R oumans to the east in Transylv ania. Such +differences did not easil y promote a sense of political unity . The +only tie binding these diverse groups together was a common +allegiance to the emper or. +How did nationalism and the idea of the nation-state emerge? +2.1 The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class +Sociall y and politicall y, a landed aristocr acy was the dominant c lass +on the continent. The members of this class were united by aCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +2.1 The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class +Sociall y and politicall y, a landed aristocr acy was the dominant c lass +on the continent. The members of this class were united by a +common w ay of life that cut acr oss regional di visions . They owned +estates in the countr yside and also to wn-houses . + They spok e French +for pur poses of diplomac y and in high society . Their f amilies w ere +often connected by ties of marriage. This powerful aristocracy was, +however, numericall y a small g roup. The majority of the popula tion +was made up of the peasantr y. To the w est, the b ulk of the land +was farmed b y tenants and small o wner s, while in Easter n and +Central Europe the pattern of landholding was characterised by +vast esta tes w hich were culti vated by serfs .2 The Making of Nationalism in Europe +Some important dates +1797 +Napoleon invades Italy; Napoleonic wars +begin. +1814-1815 +Fall of Napoleon; the Vienna Peace +Settlement. +1821 +Greek struggle for independence begins. +1848CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Some important dates +1797 +Napoleon invades Italy; Napoleonic wars +begin. +1814-1815 +Fall of Napoleon; the Vienna Peace +Settlement. +1821 +Greek struggle for independence begins. +1848 +Revolutions in Europe; artisans, industrial +workers and peasants revolt against +economic hardships; middle classes +demand constitutions and representative +governments; Italians, Germans, Magyars, +Poles, Czechs, etc. demand nation-states. +1859-1870 + Unification of It aly. +1866-1871 +Unification of Germany . +1905 +Slav nationalism gathers force in the +Habsburg and Ottoman Empires. +2024-25 +9 +Nationalism in EuropeIn Western and par ts of Centr al Eur ope the g rowth of industrial +production and trade meant the growth of towns and the emergence +of commercial classes whose existence was based on production +for the market. Industrialisation began in England in the second +half of the eighteenth centur y, but in F rance and par ts of the Ger manCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +for the market. Industrialisation began in England in the second +half of the eighteenth centur y, but in F rance and par ts of the Ger man +states it occur red only during the nineteenth centur y. In its w ake, +new social groups came into being: a working-class population, and +middle classes made up of industrialists , businessmen, professionals . +In Central and Eastern Europe these groups were smaller in number +till late nineteenth centur y. It was among the educa ted, liberal mid dle +classes that ideas of national unity following the abolition of +aristocr atic pri vileges gained popularity . +2.2 What did Liberal Nationalism Stand for? +Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were closely +allied to the ideolo gy of liberalism. The ter m ‘liber alism’ derives +from the La tin root liber, meaning fr ee. For the ne w mid dle classes +liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all +before the la w . Politicall y, it emphasised the conce pt of goCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all +before the la w . Politicall y, it emphasised the conce pt of go +vernment +by consent. Since the French Revolution, liberalism had stood for +the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and +representative government through parliament. Nineteenth-century +liberals also str essed the in violability of private property. +Yet, equality bef ore the la w did not necessaril y stand f or uni versal +suffrage. You will r ecall tha t in revolutionar y France, which mar ked +the first political e xperiment in liber al democr acy, the right to v ote +and to get elected was granted exclusively to property-owning men. +Men without property and all women were excluded from political +rights . Only for a brief period under the J acobins did all adult males +enjoy suffrage. However, the Napoleonic Code went back to limited +suffrage and reduced women to the status of a minor, subject toCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +enjoy suffrage. However, the Napoleonic Code went back to limited +suffrage and reduced women to the status of a minor, subject to +the authority of fathers and husbands . Throughout the nineteenth +and early twentieth centuries women and non-propertied men +organised opposition mo vements demanding equal political rights . +In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets +and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement +of goods and capital. During the nineteenth century this was a strong +demand of the emer ging middle c lasses . Let us tak e the e xample of +the Ger man-speaking regions in the f irst half of the nineteenth +centur y. Napoleon ’s administra tive measur es had cr eated out ofNew words +Suffrage – The right to vote +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +10countless small principalities a conf ederation of 39 sta tes. Each of +these possessed its o wn cur rency, and w eights and measur es. ACHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +10countless small principalities a conf ederation of 39 sta tes. Each of +these possessed its o wn cur rency, and w eights and measur es. A +merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell +his goods would have had to pass through 11 customs barriers and +pay a customs duty of about 5 per cent at each one of them. Duties +were often levied according to the weight or measurement of the +goods. As eac h region had its o wn system of weights and measur es, +this involved time-consuming calculation. The measure of cloth, +for example, was the elle which in each region stood for a different +length. An elle of textile material bought in Frankfurt would get you +54.7 cm of cloth, in Mainz 55.1 cm, in Nuremberg 65.6 cm, in +Freiburg 53.5 cm. +Such conditions were viewed as obstacles to economic exchange +and growth by the new commercial classes, who argued for the +creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhinderedCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Such conditions were viewed as obstacles to economic exchange +and growth by the new commercial classes, who argued for the +creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered +movement of goods, people and capital. In 1834, a customs union +or zollver ein was formed at the initia tive of Prussia and joined by +most of the Ger man sta tes. The union a bolished tarif f barriers and +reduced the n umber of currencies fr om o ver thir ty to tw o. The +creation of a netw ork of railways fur ther stim ulated mobility , +harnessing economic interests to national unification. A wave of +economic nationalism strengthened the wider nationalist sentiments +growing at the time. +2.3 A New Conservatism after 18 15 +Following the def eat of Napoleon in 1815, European g overnments +were driven by a spirit of conser vatism. Conser vatives belie ved +that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the +monar cCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +were driven by a spirit of conser vatism. Conser vatives belie ved +that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the +monar c +hy, the Chur ch, social hier archies, property and the f amily – +should be pr eserved. Most conser vatives, however, did not pr opose +a return to the society of pre-revolutionar y days. Rather, they realised, +from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could +in fact str engthen tr aditional institutions lik e the monar chy. It could +make sta te po wer mor e effective and str ong. A moder n army, an +efficient b ureaucr acy, a dynamic econom y, the a bolition of feudalism +and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. +In 1815, representatives of the European powers – Britain, Russia, +Prussia and Austria – who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met +at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress wasCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +In 1815, representatives of the European powers – Britain, Russia, +Prussia and Austria – who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met +at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was +hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegatesEconomists began to think in terms of the national +econom y. They talk ed of how the nation could +develop and what economic measures could help +forge this nation together . +Friedrich List, Professor of Economics at the +University of Tübingen in German y, wrote in 1834: +‘The aim of the zollverein is to bind the Germans +economically into a nation. It will strengthen the +nation materially as much by protecting its +interests externally as by stimulating its internal +productivi ty. It ought to a waken and r aise +national sentiment through a fusion of individual +and provincial interests. The German people have +realised that a free economic system is the only +means to engender national f eeling.’ +SourceSource BCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +and provincial interests. The German people have +realised that a free economic system is the only +means to engender national f eeling.’ +SourceSource B +Describe the political ends that List hopes to +achieve through economic measures.Discuss +New words +Conser vatism – A political philosoph y tha t +stressed the importance of tradition, established +institutions and customs, and preferred gradual +development to quick change +2024-25 +11 +Nationalism in Europedrew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing +most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the +Napoleonic w ars. The Bourbon d ynasty , which had been de posed +during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France +lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states +were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion +in future. Thus the kingdom of the Netherlands, which included +Belgium, was set up in the north and Genoa was added to PiedmontCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion +in future. Thus the kingdom of the Netherlands, which included +Belgium, was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont +in the south. Prussia was given important new territories on its western +frontier s, while Austria w as given contr ol of northern Ital y. But the +German conf ederation of 39 sta tes tha t had been set up b y Napoleon +was left untouc hed. In the east, Russia w as given par t of Poland +while Pr ussia w as giv en a por tion of Saxony. The main intention +was to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by +Napoleon, and cr eate a ne w conser vative order in Eur ope. +Conser vative regimes set up in 1815 w ere autocr atic. They did not +tolerate criticism and dissent, and sought to curb activities that +questioned the le gitimac y of autocr atic governments . Most of them +imposed censorship laws to control what was said in newspapers,CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +questioned the le gitimac y of autocr atic governments . Most of them +imposed censorship laws to control what was said in newspapers, +books, plays and songs and reflected the ideas of liberty and freedomPlot on a map of Europe the changes drawn +up by the Vienna Congress.Activity +Fig. 6 — The Club of Thinkers, anonymous caricature dating to c. 1820. +The plaque on the left bears the inscription: ‘The most important question of today’s meeting: How +long will thinking be allowed to us?’ +The board on the right lists the rules of the Club which include the following: +‘1. Silence is the first commandment of this learned society. +2. To avoid the eventuality whereby a member of this club may succumb to the temptation of +speech, muzzles will be distributed to members upon entering.’What is the caricaturist trying to depict?Discuss +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +12associated with the French Revolution. The memory of the FrenchCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +12associated with the French Revolution. The memory of the French +Revolution nonetheless continued to inspire liberals. One of the major +issues taken up by the liberal-nationalists, who criticised the new +conservative order, was freedom of the press. +2.4 The Revolutionaries +During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove +many liberal-nationalists underground. Secret societies sprang +up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread +their ideas. To be revolutionary at this time meant a commitment +to oppose monarchical forms that had been established after +the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom. Most +of these revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation-states as +a necessary part of this struggle for freedom. +One such individual was the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe +Mazzini. Born in Genoa in 1805, he became a member of the +secret society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he wasCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +One such individual was the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe +Mazzini. Born in Genoa in 1805, he became a member of the +secret society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he was +sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. +He subsequently founded two more underground societies, +first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in +Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from +Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini believed +that God had intended nations to be the natural units of +mankind. So Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of +small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into a single +unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This +unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty. Following +his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, +Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to +monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened theCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, +Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to +monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the +conservatives. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous +enemy of our social order’. +Fig. 7 — Giuseppe Mazzini and the founding of +Young Europe in Berne 1833. +Print by Giacomo Mantegazza. +2024-25 +13 +Nationalism in Europe3 The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848 +As conser vative regimes tried to consolida te their po wer, liberalism +and nationalism came to be increasingly associated with revolution +in man y regions of Eur +ope suc h as the Italian and Ger man sta tes, +the pr ovinces of the Ottoman Empir e, Ireland and P oland. These +revolutions were led by the liberal-nationalists belonging to the +educated middle-class elite, among whom were professors, school- +teachers, clerks and member s of the commer cial mid dle classes . +The first upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The BourbonCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +educated middle-class elite, among whom were professors, school- +teachers, clerks and member s of the commer cial mid dle classes . +The first upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon +kings w ho had been r estor ed to po wer during the conser vative +reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal revolutionaries +who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its +head. ‘When F rance snee zes,’ Metter nich once r emarked, ‘the r est of +Europe ca tches cold. ’ The July Revolution spar ked an uprising in +Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from the United +Kingdom of the Nether lands . +An event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite +across Europe was the Greek war of independence. Greece had +been par t of the Ottoman Empir e since the fifteenth centur y. The +growth of revolutionar y nationalism in Eur ope spar ked off a struggle +for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +been par t of the Ottoman Empir e since the fifteenth centur y. The +growth of revolutionar y nationalism in Eur ope spar ked off a struggle +for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821. +Nationalists in Greece got support from other Greeks living in exile +and also fr om man y West Europeans w ho had sympa thies f or ancient +Greek cultur e. Poets and ar tists lauded Gr eece as the cr adle of +European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its +struggle against a Muslim empir e. The Eng lish poet Lor d Byr on +organised funds and later went to fight in the war, where he died of +fever in 1824. Finall y, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 +recognised Greece as an independent nation. +3.1 The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling +The development of nationalism did not come about only through +wars and territorial expansion. Culture played an important role in +creating the idea of the na tion: art and poetr y, stories and m usicCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +wars and territorial expansion. Culture played an important role in +creating the idea of the na tion: art and poetr y, stories and m usic +helped e xpress and sha pe na tionalist f eelings . +Let us look at Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to +develop a par ticular f orm of nationalist sentiment. Romantic ar tists +and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +14Fig. 8 — The Massacre at Chios, Eugene Delacroix, 1824. +The French painter Delacroix was one of the most important French Romantic +painters. This huge painting (4.19m x 3.54m) depicts an incident in which +20,000 Greeks were said to have been killed by Turks on the island of Chios. By +dramatising the incident, focusing on the suffering of women and children, and +using vivid colours, Delacroix sought to appeal to the emotions of the spectators, +and create sympathy for the Greeks. +and f ocused instead on emotions , intuition and m ystical f eelings .CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +using vivid colours, Delacroix sought to appeal to the emotions of the spectators, +and create sympathy for the Greeks. +and f ocused instead on emotions , intuition and m ystical f eelings . +Their effort was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a +common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. +Other R omantics suc h as the Ger man philosopher J ohann Gottfried +Herder (1744-1803) c laimed tha t true Ger man cultur e was to be +discovered among the common people – das volk . It was through +folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the +nation ( volksgeist ) was popularised. So collecting and recording these +forms of folk cultur e was essential to the pr oject of nation-b uilding . +2024-25 +15 +Nationalism in EuropeThe Grimm Brothers: Folktales and +Nation-building +Grimms’ F airy Tales is a familiar name. The br others +Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were born in the +German city of Hanau in 1785 and 1786 +respectiv ely. Whi le both of them studied la w,CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Nation-building +Grimms’ F airy Tales is a familiar name. The br others +Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were born in the +German city of Hanau in 1785 and 1786 +respectiv ely. Whi le both of them studied la w, +they soon developed an interest in collecting old +folktales. They spent six years travelling from +village to village, talking to people and writing +down fairy tales, which were handed down +through the generations. These were popular +both among children and adults. In 1812, they +published their first collection of tales. +Subsequent ly, both the br others became activ e +in liberal politics, especially the movement +for freedom of the press. In the meantime they +also published a 33-volume dictionary of the +German language. +The Grimm brothers also saw French domination +as a threat to German culture, and believed that +the folktales they had collected were expressions +of a pure and authentic German spirit. They +considered their projects of collecting folktalesCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +as a threat to German culture, and believed that +the folktales they had collected were expressions +of a pure and authentic German spirit. They +considered their projects of collecting folktales +and developing the German language as part of +the wider effort to oppose French domination +and cr eate a German national identi ty.The emphasis on vernacular language and the collection of local +folklore was not just to recover an ancient national spirit, but also to +carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences who were +mostl y illiter ate. This w as especiall y so in the case of Poland, which +had been partitioned at the end of the eighteenth century by the +Great Powers – Russia, Prussia and Austria. Even though P oland no +longer existed as an inde pendent ter ritory +, national f eelings w ere kept +alive through music and language. Karol Kurpinski, for example, +celebrated the na tional str uggle through his oper as and m usic, turningCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +, national f eelings w ere kept +alive through music and language. Karol Kurpinski, for example, +celebrated the na tional str uggle through his oper as and m usic, turning +folk dances lik e the polonaise and mazur ka into na tionalist symbols . +Language too played an important role in developing nationalist +sentiments . After R ussian occupa tion, the P olish langua ge was forced +out of schools and the Russian language was imposed everywhere. +In 1831, an ar med r ebellion a gainst R ussian r ule took place w hich +was ultima tely crushed. Following this , many member s of the c lergy +in Poland be gan to use langua ge as a w eapon of national r esistance . +Polish w as used f or Chur ch gatherings and all r eligious instr uction. +As a result, a large number of priests and bishops were put in jail or +sent to Siberia by the Russian authorities as punishment for their +refusal to pr each in R ussian. The use of Polish came to be seen as aCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +sent to Siberia by the Russian authorities as punishment for their +refusal to pr each in R ussian. The use of Polish came to be seen as a +symbol of the str uggle against R ussian dominance . +3.2 Hunger , Hardship and P opular Revolt +The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in Europe. The +first half of the nineteenth centur y saw an enor mous increase in +population all over Europe. In most countries there were more +seekers of jobs than emplo yment. Popula tion fr om r ural areas +migrated to the cities to li ve in o vercrowded slums . Small pr oducer s +in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of +cheap machine-made goods from England, where industrialisation +was more advanced than on the continent. This was especially so in +textile production, which was carried out mainly in homes or small +workshops and was only partly mechanised. In those regions of +Europe w here the aristocr acy still enjo yed po wer, peasants str uggledCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +workshops and was only partly mechanised. In those regions of +Europe w here the aristocr acy still enjo yed po wer, peasants str uggled +under the b urden of feudal dues and ob ligations. + The rise of food +prices or a year of bad har vest led to widespr ead pauperism in +town and countr y. +The year 1848 w as one suc h year. Food shorta ges and widespr ead +unemplo yment br ought the popula tion of Paris out on the r oads. +Barricades were erected and Louis Philippe was forced to flee. ADiscuss the importance of language and +popular traditions in the creation of national +identity .DiscussBox 1 +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +16National Assembly proclaimed a Republic, granted suffrage to all +adult males above 21, and guaranteed the right to work. National +workshops to pro vide emplo yment w ere set up . +Earlier, in 1845, weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against contractors +who supplied them raw material and gave them orders for finishedCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +workshops to pro vide emplo yment w ere set up . +Earlier, in 1845, weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against contractors +who supplied them raw material and gave them orders for finished +textiles b ut drasticall y reduced their pa yments . The jour nalist Wilhelm +Wolff described the e vents in a Silesian villa ge as follows: +In these villages (with 18,000 inhabitants) cotton weaving is the +most widespread occupation … The misery of the workers is +extreme. The desperate need for jobs has been taken advantage +of by the contractors to reduce the prices of the goods they +order … +On 4 J une at 2 p .m. a lar ge crowd of weavers emer ged from +their homes and marched in pairs up to the mansion of their +contr actor demanding higher w ages. They were treated with +scorn and thr eats alter nately. Following this , a group of them +forced their way into the house, smashed its elegant window- +panes, furniture, porcelain … another group broke into theCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +scorn and thr eats alter nately. Following this , a group of them +forced their way into the house, smashed its elegant window- +panes, furniture, porcelain … another group broke into the +storehouse and plundered it of supplies of cloth which they +tore to shreds … The contractor fled with his family to a +neighbouring village which, however, refused to shelter such a +person. He returned 24 hour s later ha ving r equisitioned the ar my. +In the exchange that followed, eleven weavers were shot. +Fig. 9 — Peasants’ uprising, 1848. +Describe the cause of the Silesian weavers’ +uprising. Comment on the viewpoint of the +journalist.Discuss +Imagine you are a weaver who saw the events +as they unfolded. W rite a report on what you saw .Activity +2024-25 +17 +Nationalism in Europe3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals +Parallel to the r evolts of the poor , unemplo yed and star ving peasants +and workers in many European countries in the year 1848, a revolutionCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Parallel to the r evolts of the poor , unemplo yed and star ving peasants +and workers in many European countries in the year 1848, a revolution +led by the educa ted mid dle classes w as under w ay. Events of February +1848 in France had brought about the abdication of the monarch +and a republic based on universal male suffrage had been proclaimed. +In other parts of Europe where independent nation-states did not +y +et exist – suc h as Ger many, Italy, Poland, the Austro-Hung arian +Empire – men and women of the liberal middle classes combined +their demands for constitutionalism with national unification. They +took advantage of the growing popular unrest to push their +demands for the creation of a nation-state on parliamentary +principles – a constitution, freedom of the press and freedom +of association. +In the Ger man r egions a lar ge number of political associa tions w hose +members were middle-class professionals, businessmen andCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +of association. +In the Ger man r egions a lar ge number of political associa tions w hose +members were middle-class professionals, businessmen and +prosperous artisans came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided +to vote for an all-Ger man Na tional Assemb ly. On 18 May 1848, +831 elected representatives marched in a festive procession to take +their places in the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of +St Paul. They drafted a constitution f or a Ger man na tion to be +headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. When the deputies +offered the cr own on these ter ms to F riedric h Wilhelm IV , King of +Prussia, he rejected it and joined other monarchs to oppose the +elected assemb ly +. While the opposition of the aristocr acy and militar y +became stronger, the social basis of parliament eroded. The +parliament was dominated by the middle classes who resisted the +demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +became stronger, the social basis of parliament eroded. The +parliament was dominated by the middle classes who resisted the +demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support. +In the end troops were called in and the assembly was forced +to disband. +The issue of extending political rights to women was a controversial +one within the liberal movement, in which large numbers of women +had par ticipa ted acti vely over the y ears. Women had f ormed their +own political associations, founded newspapers and taken part in +political meetings and demonstr ations. Despite this the y were deniedHow were liberty and equality for women +to be defined? +The l iberal pol itician Carl W elcker, an elected +member of the Frankfurt Parliament, expressed +the following views: +‘Nature has created men and women to carry +out di fferent f +unctions … Man, the str onger , the +bolder and freer of the two, has been designated +as protector of the f amily, its pro vider, meant f orCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +‘Nature has created men and women to carry +out di fferent f +unctions … Man, the str onger , the +bolder and freer of the two, has been designated +as protector of the f amily, its pro vider, meant f or +public tasks in the domain of law, production, +defence. W oman, the weak er, dependent and +timid, requires the protection of man. Her sphere +is the home, the care of the children, the +nurturing of the family … Do we require any +further proof that given such differences, equality +between the sexes would only endanger +harmony and destroy the dignity of the family?’ +Louise Otto-Peters (1819-95) was a political +activist who founded a women’s journal and +subsequently a feminist political association. The +first issue of her newspaper (21 April 1849) carried +the following editorial: +‘Let us ask how many men, possessed by +thoughts of l iving and dying f or the sak e of Libert y, +would be prepared to fight for the freedom of +the entire people, of all human beings? WhenCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +‘Let us ask how many men, possessed by +thoughts of l iving and dying f or the sak e of Libert y, +would be prepared to fight for the freedom of +the entire people, of all human beings? When +asked this question, they would all too easily +respond wi th a “Y es!”, though their untiring +efforts are intended for the benefit of only one +half of humanity – men. But Liberty is indivisible! +Free men therefore must not tolerate to be +surrounded b y the unf ree …’ +An anonymous reader of the same newspaper +sent the following letter to the editor on 25 June +1850: +‘It is indeed ridiculous and unreasonable to deny +women political rights even though they enjoy +the right to property which they make use +of. They perf orm f unctions and assume +responsibilities without however getting the +benefits that accrue to men for the same … Why +this injustice? Is it not a disgrace that even the +stupidest cattle-herder possesses the right +to vote, simply because he is a man, whereasCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +benefits that accrue to men for the same … Why +this injustice? Is it not a disgrace that even the +stupidest cattle-herder possesses the right +to vote, simply because he is a man, whereas +highly talented women owning considerable +property are excluded from this right, even +though they contribute so much to the +maintenance of the state?’ SourceSource C +New words +Feminist – Awareness of women ’s rights and inter ests based on +the belief of the social, economic and political equality of the genders +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +18 +Fig. 10 — The Frankfurt parliament in the Church of St Paul. +Contemporary colour print. Notice the women in the upper left gallery. +Compare the positions on the question of +women’s rights voiced by the three writers cited +above. What do they reveal about liberal +ideology ?Discuss +New words +Ideolo gy – System of ideas r eflecting a +particular social and political visionsuffrage rights during the election of the Assemb ly . When theCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +ideology ?Discuss +New words +Ideolo gy – System of ideas r eflecting a +particular social and political visionsuffrage rights during the election of the Assemb ly . When the +Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul, women +were admitted onl y as obser vers to stand in the visitor s’ gallery. +Though conser vative forces w ere able to suppr ess liberal mo vements +in 1848, they could not r estor e the old order . Monar chs w ere +beginning to realise that the cycles of revolution and repression could +only be ended by granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist +revolutionaries . Hence , in the y ears after 1848, the autocra tic +monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce the +changes that had alr eady taken place in Western Eur ope bef ore 1815. +Thus serfdom and bonded labour were abolished both in the +Habsburg dominions and in Russia. The Habsburg rulers granted +more autonomy to the Hungarians in 1867. +2024-25 +19CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Thus serfdom and bonded labour were abolished both in the +Habsburg dominions and in Russia. The Habsburg rulers granted +more autonomy to the Hungarians in 1867. +2024-25 +19 +Nationalism in Europe4 The Making of Germany and Italy +4.1 Germany – Can the Army be the Architect of a Nation? +After 1848, nationalism in Europe moved away from its association +with democracy and revolution. Nationalist sentiments were often +mobilised b y conser vatives for promoting sta te power and ac hieving +political domination over Europe. +This can be obser ved in the pr ocess b y which Ger many and Ital y came +to be unif ied as na tion-sta tes. + As you ha ve seen, nationalist f eelings w ere +widespr ead among middle-c lass Ger mans , who in 1848 tried to unite +the dif ferent regions of the Ger man conf ederation into a na tion-sta te +governed by an elected parliament. This liberal initiative to nation-building +was, however, repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy andCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +governed by an elected parliament. This liberal initiative to nation-building +was, however, repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and +the militar y, suppor ted by the lar ge lando wners (called J unkers) of Prussia. +From then on, Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for +national unification. Its chief minister, Otto von +Bismarck, was the architect of this process carried +out with the help of the Pr ussian ar my and +bureaucr acy. Three wars over seven years – with +Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian +victory and completed the process of unification. +In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, +was proclaimed Ger man Emper or in a cer emon y +held a t Versailles . +On the bitterly cold morning of 18 January 1871, +an assembly comprising the princes of the +German sta tes, representa tives of the ar my, +important Prussian ministers including the chief +minister Otto von Bismarck gathered in the +unhea ted Hall of Mirrors in the P alace of VersaillesCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +German sta tes, representa tives of the ar my, +important Prussian ministers including the chief +minister Otto von Bismarck gathered in the +unhea ted Hall of Mirrors in the P alace of Versailles +to proc laim the ne w Ger man Empire headed +by Kaiser William I of Prussia. +The na tion-b uilding pr ocess in Ger many had +demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state +power. The ne w sta te placed a str ong emphasis +on moder nising the cur rency, banking , legal +and judicial systems in Ger many. Prussian +measures and practices often became a model for +the rest of Germany. +Fig. 11 — The proclamation of the German empire in the Hall of +Mirrors at Versailles, Anton von Werner. At the centre stands the +Kaiser and the chief commander of the Prussian army, General von +Roon. Near them is Bismarck. This monumental work (2.7m x +2.7m) was completed and presented by the artist to Bismarck on +the latter’s 70th birthday in 1885. +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +204.2 Italy UnifiedCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +2.7m) was completed and presented by the artist to Bismarck on +the latter’s 70th birthday in 1885. +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +204.2 Italy Unified +Like Ger many, Italy too had a long histor y of political fr agmenta tion. +Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the +multi-national Habsburg Empire. During the middle of the +nineteenth centur y, Italy was divided into se ven sta +tes, of which +only one, Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian princely house. +The north was under Austrian Habsburgs, the centre was ruled by +the P ope and the souther n regions w ere under the domina tion +of the Bourbon kings of Spain. Even the Italian language had +not acquir ed one common f orm and still had many r egional and +local v ariations . +During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a +coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. He had also +formed a secr et society called Young Ital y for the dissemina tion ofCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a +coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. He had also +formed a secr et society called Young Ital y for the dissemina tion of +his goals. The failure of revolutionar y uprisings both in 1831 and +1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia-Piedmont under +its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through +war. In the e yes of the r uling elites of this r egion, a unif ied +Italy offered them the possibility of economic development and +political dominance. +Fig. 13 — Caricature of Otto von Bismarck in +the German reichstag (parliament), from Figaro , +Vienna, 5 March 1870. +Describe the caricature. How does it represent +the relationship between Bismarck and the +elected deputies of Parliament? What +interpretation of democratic processes is the +artist trying to convey?Activity +NORTH SEA +SCHLESWIG- +HOLSTEIN +MECKLENBURG- +SCHWERIN +THURINGIAN +STATESHANOVER +WESTPHALIA +HESSEN NASSARHINELANDBRUNSWICKCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +interpretation of democratic processes is the +artist trying to convey?Activity +NORTH SEA +SCHLESWIG- +HOLSTEIN +MECKLENBURG- +SCHWERIN +THURINGIAN +STATESHANOVER +WESTPHALIA +HESSEN NASSARHINELANDBRUNSWICK +BAVARIA BADENWURTTEMBERGAUSTRIAN +EMPIRESILESIAPOSENBRANDENBURGPOMERANIAWEST PRUSSIAEAST PRUSSIABALTIC SEA +PRUSSIA +RUSSIAN +EMPIRE +Prussia before 1866 +Conquered by Prussia in Austro-Prussia +War, 1866 +Austrian territories excluded from German +Confederation 1867 +Joined with Prussia to form German +Confederation, 1867 +South German states joining with Prussia to +form German Empire, 1871 +Won by Prussia in Franco-Prussia War, 1871 +Fig. 12 — Unification of Germany (1866-71). +2024-25 +21 +Nationalism in Europe +Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions +of Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. Like many +other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke +French much better than he did Italian. Through a tactful diplomaticCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +of Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. Like many +other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke +French much better than he did Italian. Through a tactful diplomatic +alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia- Piedmont +succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. Apart from regular +troops, a large number of armed v olunteer s under the leader ship of +Giuse ppe Garibaldi joined the fr ay. In 1860, + they mar ched into South +Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning +the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish +rulers. In 1861 Victor Emman uel II w as proclaimed king of united +Italy. However, much of the Italian popula tion, among w hom r ates +of illiteracy were very high, remained blissfully unaware of liberal- +national ist ideolo gy. The peasant masses w ho had suppor ted Garibaldi +in souther n Italy had ne ver hear d of Italia, and belie ved tha t ‘La T alia’ +was Victor Emman uel’s wife!CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +national ist ideolo gy. The peasant masses w ho had suppor ted Garibaldi +in souther n Italy had ne ver hear d of Italia, and belie ved tha t ‘La T alia’ +was Victor Emman uel’s wife! +Fig. 14(a) — Italian states before unification, 1858. +Fig. 14(b) — Italy after unification. +The map shows the year in which different +regions (seen in Fig 14(a) become part of a +unified Italy.SWITZERLAND +VENETIALOMBARDY +SAVOY +SARDINIA PARMA +MODENA +TUSCANYSAN MARINO +PAPAL +STATE +KINGDOM +OF BOTH +SICILIES +TUNISMONACO1858 +1858-60 +18601866 +1870SWITZERLAND +TUNIS +4.3 The Strange Case of Britain +The model of the nation or the nation-state, some scholars have +argued, is Gr eat Britain. In Britain the f ormation of the na tion-sta teAUSTRIALook at Fig. 14(a). Do you think that the people +living in any of these regions thought of +themselves as Italians? +Examine Fig. 14(b). Which was the first region +to become a part of unified Italy? Which was the +last region to join? In which year did the largestCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +themselves as Italians? +Examine Fig. 14(b). Which was the first region +to become a part of unified Italy? Which was the +last region to join? In which year did the largest +number of states join?Activity +1858 +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +22was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution. It was the +result of a long-dra wn-out pr ocess . There was no British nation +prior to the eighteenth centur y. The primar y identities of the people +who inhabited the British Isles were ethnic ones – such as English, +Welsh, Scot or Irish. All of these ethnic g roups had their o wn cultur al +and political tr aditions . But as the Eng lish nation steadil y grew in +wealth, importance and power, it was able to extend its influence +over the other na tions of the islands . The Eng lish par liament, which +had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of a +protracted conflict, was the instrument through which a nation-state,CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of a +protracted conflict, was the instrument through which a nation-state, +with England at its centre, came to be forged. The Act of Union +(1707) betw een Eng land and Scotland tha t resulted in the f ormation +of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant, in effect, that +England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. The British +parliament w as hencef orth domina ted by its Eng lish member s. The +growth of a British identity meant tha t Scotland’ s distincti ve cultur e +and political institutions were systematically suppressed. The Catholic +clans that inhabited the Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression +whenever they attempted to assert their independence. The Scottish +Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or +wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven +out of their homeland. +Ireland suffered a similar fate. It was a country deeply dividedCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven +out of their homeland. +Ireland suffered a similar fate. It was a country deeply divided +between Ca tholics and Pr otestants . The Eng lish helped the Pr otestants +of Ireland to esta blish their dominance o ver a lar gely Catholic countr y. +Catholic revolts against British dominance were suppressed. After a +failed rev olt led b y Wolfe Tone and his United Irishmen (1798), +Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801. +A new ‘British nation’ was forged through the propagation of a +dominant English culture. The symbols of the new Britain – the +British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our Noble +King), the English language – were actively promoted and the older +nations sur vived onl y as subor dinate par tners in this union. +New words +Ethnic – Relates to a common racial, tribal, or +cultural origin or background that a communityCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +nations sur vived onl y as subor dinate par tners in this union. +New words +Ethnic – Relates to a common racial, tribal, or +cultural origin or background that a community +identifies with or claimsThe artist has portrayed Garibaldi as holding on to the base of +the boot, so that the King of Sardinia-Piedmont can enter it from +the top. Look at the map of Italy once more. What statement is +this caricature making?ActivityGiuseppe Garibaldi (1807-82) is perhaps the +most celebrated of Italian freedom fighters. He +came from a family engaged in coastal trade and +was a sai lor in the mer chant navy . In 1833 he +met Mazzini, joined the Y oung Italy mo vement +and participated in a republican uprising in +Piedmont in 1834. The uprising was suppressed +and Garibaldi had to flee to South America, where +he lived in exile till 1848. In 1854, he supported +Victor Emmanuel II in his efforts to unify the +Italian states. In 1860, Garibaldi led the famous +Expedi tion of the Thousand to S outh Italy . FreshCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +he lived in exile till 1848. In 1854, he supported +Victor Emmanuel II in his efforts to unify the +Italian states. In 1860, Garibaldi led the famous +Expedi tion of the Thousand to S outh Italy . Fresh +volunteers kept joining through the course of +the campaign, till their numbers grew to about +30,000. They were popularly known as Red +Shirts. +In 1867 , Garibaldi led an arm y of v olunteers to +Rome to fight the last obstacle to the unification +of Italy , the P apal States wher e a Fr ench garrison +was stationed. The Red Shirts proved to be no +match for the combined French and Papal troops. +It was only in 1870 when, during the war with +Prussia, France withdrew its troops from Rome +that the Papal States were finally joined +to Italy .Box 2 +Fig. 15 – Garibaldi helping King Victor +Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont to pull on the +boot named ‘Italy’. English caricature of 1859. +2024-25 +23 +Nationalism in Europe5 Visualising the NationCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Fig. 15 – Garibaldi helping King Victor +Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont to pull on the +boot named ‘Italy’. English caricature of 1859. +2024-25 +23 +Nationalism in Europe5 Visualising the Nation +While it is easy enough to represent a ruler through a portrait or a +statue, how does one go about giving a face to a nation? Artists in +the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries found a way out by +personifying a nation. In other words they represented a country as +if it were a per son. Nations w ere then por trayed as f emale f igures. +The female f orm tha t was chosen to per +sonify the na tion did not +stand for any particular woman in real life; rather it sought to give +the abstract idea of the na tion a concr ete form. That is, the f emale +figure became an allegory of the na tion. +You will r ecall tha t during the F rench Revolution ar tists used the +female alle gory to por tray ideas suc h as Liber ty, Justice and the +Republic. These ideals were represented through specific objects orCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +female alle gory to por tray ideas suc h as Liber ty, Justice and the +Republic. These ideals were represented through specific objects or +symbols . As you would r emember , the a ttributes of Liber ty are the +red ca p, or the br oken chain, while Justice is g enerally a blindfolded +woman car rying a pair of weighing scales . +Similar female allegories were invented by artists in the nineteenth +century to represent the nation. In France she was christened +Marianne, a popular Christian name, which underlined the idea of a +people’ s nation. Her c haracteristics w ere drawn fr om those of Liber ty +and the R epublic – the r ed ca p, the tricolour , the coc kade. Statues +of Marianne were erected in public squares to remind the public of +the national symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with +it. Marianne ima ges were mar ked on coins and stamps . +Similar ly, Germania became the alle gory of the Ger man na tion. InCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +the national symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with +it. Marianne ima ges were mar ked on coins and stamps . +Similar ly, Germania became the alle gory of the Ger man na tion. In +visual r epresentations , Germania w ears a cr own of oak lea ves, as +the Ger man oak stands f or her oism. +New words +Allegory – When an a bstract idea (f or instance , greed, envy, +freedom, liber ty) is e xpressed thr ough a per son or a thing . An +allegorical story has two meanings, one literal and one symbolicFig. 16 — Postage stamps of 1850 with the +figure of Marianne representing the Republic of +France. +Fig. 17 — Germania , Philip Veit, 1848. +The artist prepared this painting of Germania on a +cotton banner, as it was meant to hang from the +ceiling of the Church of St Paul where the Frankfurt +parliament was convened in March 1848. +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +24Box 3 +Meanings of the symbols +Attribute Significance +Broken chains Being freedCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +parliament was convened in March 1848. +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +24Box 3 +Meanings of the symbols +Attribute Significance +Broken chains Being freed +Breastplate with eagle Symbol of the German empire – strength +Crown of oak leaves Heroism +Sword Readiness to fight +Olive branch around the sword Willingness to make peace +Black, red and gold tricolour Flag of the liberal-nationalists in 1848, banned by the Dukes of the +German states +Rays of the rising sun Beginning of a new era +With the help of the chart in Box 3, identify the attributes of V eit’s +Germania and interpret the symbolic meaning of the painting. +In an earlier allegorical rendering of 1836, V eit had portrayed the +Kaiser’s crown at the place where he has now located the +broken chain. Explain the significance of this change.Activity +Fig. 18 — The fallen Germania, Julius Hübner, 1850. +Describe what you see in Fig. 17. What historical events could Hübner beCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +broken chain. Explain the significance of this change.Activity +Fig. 18 — The fallen Germania, Julius Hübner, 1850. +Describe what you see in Fig. 17. What historical events could Hübner be +referring to in this allegorical vision of the nation?Activity +2024-25 +25 +Nationalism in Europe +Fig. 19 — Germania guarding the Rhine. +In 1860, the artist Lorenz Clasen was commissioned to paint this image. The inscription +on Germania’s sword reads: ‘The German sword protects the German Rhine.’ +Look once more at Fig. 10. Imagine you were a citizen of Frankfurt in March 1848 and were present during the +proceedings of the parliament. How would you (a) as a man seated in the hall of deputies, and (b) as a woman +observing from the galleries, relate to the banner of Germania hanging from the ceiling?Activity +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +266 Nationalism and Imperialism +By the last quarter of the nineteenth century nationalism no longerCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +266 Nationalism and Imperialism +By the last quarter of the nineteenth century nationalism no longer +retained its idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment of the first half +of the centur y, but became a nar row creed with limited ends . During +this period nationalist groups became increasingly intolerant of each +other and e ver ready to g o to w ar. +The major Eur opean po wers, in +turn, manipulated the nationalist aspirations of the subject peoples +in Eur ope to fur ther their o wn imperialist aims . +The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 +was the ar ea called the Balkans . The Balkans w as a r egion of +geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, +Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, +Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly +known as the Sla vs. A larg e part of the Balkans w as under the contr olCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly +known as the Sla vs. A larg e part of the Balkans w as under the contr ol +of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of the ideas of romantic +nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the +Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive. All through the +nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire had sought to strengthen +itself through moder nisation and inter nal reforms b ut with v ery +little success . One b y one , its Eur opean subject na tionalities br oke +away from its control and declared independence. The Balkan +peoples based their claims for independence or political rights on +nationality and used history to prove that they had once been +independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign +powers. Hence the r ebellious na tionalities in the Balkans thought of +their str uggles as a ttempts to win bac k their long-lost inde pendence .CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +powers. Hence the r ebellious na tionalities in the Balkans thought of +their str uggles as a ttempts to win bac k their long-lost inde pendence . + As the dif ferent Sla vic na tionalities str uggled to def ine their identity +and independence, the Balkan area became an area of intense conflict. +The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped +to gain mor e territory at the e xpense of the other s. Matters wer e +further complicated because the Balkans also became the scene of +big po wer rivalry. During this period, there was intense riv alry among +the European powers over trade and colonies as well as naval and +military might. These rivalries were very evident in the way the Balkan +problem unf olded. Each po wer – R ussia, Ger many, Eng land, +Austro-Hungary – was keen on countering the hold of other powers +over the Balkans, and extending its own control over the area. This +led to a series of wars in the r egion and f inally the Fir st World War. +2024-25 +27CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +over the Balkans, and extending its own control over the area. This +led to a series of wars in the r egion and f inally the Fir st World War. +2024-25 +27 +Nationalism in EuropeNationalism, aligned with imperialism, led Europe to disaster in 1914. +But meanwhile, many countries in the world which had been +colonised by the European powers in the nineteenth century began +to oppose imperial domination. The anti-imperial movements that +developed everywhere were nationalist, in the sense that they all +struggled to f orm inde pendent na tion-sta tes, and w ere inspir ed by +a sense of collecti ve national unity , forged in confronta tion with +imperialism. European ideas of nationalism were nowhere +replicated, for people everywhere developed their own specific variety +of nationalism. But the idea that societies should be organised into +‘nation-states’ came to be accepted as natural and universal. +Fig. 20 — A map celebrating the British Empire.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +of nationalism. But the idea that societies should be organised into +‘nation-states’ came to be accepted as natural and universal. +Fig. 20 — A map celebrating the British Empire. +At the top, angels are shown carrying the banner of freedom. In the foreground, Britannia — the +symbol of the British nation — is triumphantly sitting over the globe. The colonies are represented +through images of tigers, elephants, forests and primitive people. The domination of the world is +shown as the basis of Britain’s national pride. +2024-25 +India and the Contemporary World +28Discuss +Project1.Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social +and economic ideas supported by the liberals? +2.Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism +in Europe. +3.Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth +century . +4.How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +in Europe. +3.Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth +century . +4.How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe? +5.Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans? +Find out more about nationalist symbols in countries outside Europe. For one or two countries, +collect examples of pictures, posters or music that are symbols of nationalism. How are these +different from European examples? +DiscussWrite in brief +1.Write a note on: +a)Guiseppe Mazzini +b)Count Camillo de Cavour +c)The Greek war of independence +d) Frankfurt parliament +e)The role of women in nationalist struggles +2.What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective +identity among the French people? +3.Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in +which they were portrayed? +4.Briefly trace the process of German unification. +5.What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system moreCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (10).txt +which they were portrayed? +4.Briefly trace the process of German unification. +5.What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more +efficient in the territories ruled by him? +Write in brief +Project +2024-25CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +1. What territories did the Habsburg Empire rule ov er? (1) +a. Hungary +b. Austria +c. Both Austria and Hungary +d. Romania +2. What was the objective of drawing up Treaty of V ienna? (1) +a. For bringing out peace among the countries +b. For Sustainable development +c. To form Constituent assembly +d. Undoing the effects of Napoleonic wars. +3. Which of the quote is said by Metternich? (1) +a. Little by little, the old world crumbled, and not once did the king imagine that +some of the pieces might fall on him. +b. ‘When France sneezes,’ Metternich once remarked, ‘the rest of Europe catches +cold.’ +c. Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death; - the last, much the easiest to bestow, O +Guillotine! +d. Giuseppe Mazzini is ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’ +4. _______ between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the ‘United +Kingdom of Great Britain’ (1) +a. The Napoleonic CodeCHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +4. _______ between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the ‘United +Kingdom of Great Britain’ (1) +a. The Napoleonic Code +b. The Treaty of Vienna +c. The Act of Union +d. The civil code +5. Artists of the time of the French Revolution per sonified ___ as a female figure. (1)a. Confinement +b. Liberty +c. Law +d. Enlightment +6. Who was called ‘the most dangerous enemy of our s ocial order’ ? (1) +7. Who was Count Cavour? (1) +8. Which type of government was functioning in Fran ce before the revolution of +1789? (1) +9. What were some of the strong demands of the emer ging middle classes in Europe +during the nineteenth century? (1) +10. Explain the three features of the class of land ed aristocracy of Europe. (1) +11. What were the impacts of Treaty of Vienna on Eu ropean people? (1) +12. Explain any four reasons how the initial enthus iasm of the people of France soon +turned to hostility after Napoleon's takeover of Fr ance. (3)CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +12. Explain any four reasons how the initial enthus iasm of the people of France soon +turned to hostility after Napoleon's takeover of Fr ance. (3) +13. Describe the steps taken by French revolutionar ies to create a sense of collective +identity among the French people? (3) +14. Which conditions were viewed as obstacles to ec onomic exchange and growth by the +new commercial classes during the nineteenth centur y Europe? (5) +15. Explain the objectives of the 'Treaty of Vienna ' of 1815. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +Answers +1. c. Both Austria and Hungary +Explanation: Today's Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into +kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. +The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary , for example, was a +patchwork of many different regions and peoples. +2. d. Undoing the effects of Napoleonic wars.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary , for example, was a +patchwork of many different regions and peoples. +2. d. Undoing the effects of Napoleonic wars. +Explanation: The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the +object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during +the Napoleonic wars. +3. d. Giuseppe Mazzini is ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’ +Explanation: Metternich described Giuseppe Mazzini as ‘the most d angerous +enemy of our social order’. +4. c. The Act of Union +Explanation: The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotlan d resulted +in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Bri tain’ meant, in effect, that +England was able to impose its influence on Scotlan d. +5. b. Liberty +Explanation: Artists of the time of the French Revolution person ified Liberty +as a female figure. +6. Giuseppe Mazzini was called 'the most dangerous enemy of our social order’ by +Austrian Chancellor Duke MetternichCHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +as a female figure. +6. Giuseppe Mazzini was called 'the most dangerous enemy of our social order’ by +Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich +7. Count Cavour was the chief minister of Italy. He led the movement to unify the +regions of Italy. +8. The Monarchical type of government was functioni ng in France before the revolution +of 1789. +9. Two of the strong demands of the emerging middle classes in Europe were: +i. The freedom and perfect competitiveness in marke ts.ii. The abolition of the state-imposed restructures on the movement of capital and +goods. +10. During the mid-eighteenth century, a landed aris tocracy was dominant class in +Europe both politically and socially. +i. The members of this landed aristocracy were unit ed by a common way of life that +cut across regional division. +ii. They owned huge properties both in rural and ur ban areas. +iii. Their families were tied together by matrimoni al relations and they wielded much +power in their respective countries.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +ii. They owned huge properties both in rural and ur ban areas. +iii. Their families were tied together by matrimoni al relations and they wielded much +power in their respective countries. +11. Representatives of the European power, Britain, R ussia, Prussia and Austria signed +treaty of Vienna in 1815. Following were its impact on the European people: +i. Deposed Bourbon dynasty was restored to power. F uture expansion of French was +prevented. +ii. Prussia was given new important territories on its Western frontier, while Austria +was given control of the Northern Italy. +iii. In the east, Russia was given part of Poland wh ile Prussia was given a portion of +Saxony. +iv. The treaty slowed down the growth of nationalis m. There was an effort to restore +Monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon and to create a new +conservative order in Europe. +12. At the very beginning, the French Armies were we lcomed as harbingers of liberty andCHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +Monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon and to create a new +conservative order in Europe. +12. At the very beginning, the French Armies were we lcomed as harbingers of liberty and +fraternity. But the initial enthusiasm soon gave wa y to hostility. This is because +people soon understood that the new administrative arrangements did not go hand in +hand with political freedom. +The four factors which outweighed the advantages of the administrative changes are: +i. Taxation on people at an increased rate. +ii. Strict censoring of printing media and books. +iii. Conscription on a forced basis into the French Armies to satisfy its imperialist +ambition. +iv. Restriction on individual Freedom. +13. The steps are taken to create a sense of collec tive identity amongst French people by +the French revolutionaries included:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +ambition. +iv. Restriction on individual Freedom. +13. The steps are taken to create a sense of collec tive identity amongst French people by +the French revolutionaries included: +i. The ideas of fatherland (la patrie) and citizen (le citoyen) were spread to bring thenotion of a united community having equal rights an d protected by a constitution. +ii. A new flag was chosen of tricolour to represent the nation and the royal standard +was removed. +iii. New hymns, oaths and martyrs commemorated in th e name of the nation. +iv. The Estates General became the National Assembl y and its members were elected +by a body of active citizens. +v. Uniform system of weights, measures were adopted and the abolition of internal +customs. +vi. Promoting French as a common language of the na tion. +14. Following were the obstacles viewed by the new commercial classes, to the economic +exchange and growth during the nineteenth century E urope:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +14. Following were the obstacles viewed by the new commercial classes, to the economic +exchange and growth during the nineteenth century E urope: +i. There was enormous increase in population all ov er the Europe. +ii. Population from rural areas migrated to the cit ies to live in overcrowded slums +and could not afford to fulfill the basic needs. +iii. Increase in unemployment. In most countries, th ere were more job-seekers than +employment. +iv. Cheap machine-made goods from England were givi ng stiff competition to small +producers of European towns. +v. The price of food inflated many folds due to bad harvest. It led to a widespread +pauperism in European towns. +15. The Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was brought up wit h the objective of undoing most of +the changes that had come about in Europe during th e rule of Napoleonic wars. +Objectives of the Treaty of Vienna: +i. Undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during Napoleonic +wars.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (2).txt +Objectives of the Treaty of Vienna: +i. Undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during Napoleonic +wars. +ii. The Bourbon dynasty that was destroyed during t he French Revolution was +restored. French lost the territories it has annexe d under Napoleon. +iii. A series of states were set up on the boundari es of France to prevent French +expansion in future. +iv. Belgium was set up in the north and Genoa was a dded to Piedmont in the south. +v. Prussia was given important new territories on i ts western frontiers, while Austria +was given control of northern Italy. +vi. Monarchy was restored and a new conservative or der was created in Europe.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +1. Who said, "When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold"? (1) +a. Metternich +b. Giuseppe +c. Lord Byron +d. T S Eliot +2. What do you mean by the French word "La patria"? (1) +a. Motherland +b. Community land +c. Reserved land +d. Fatherland +3. What major issue was criticised by the liberal n ationalists? (1) +a. Efficient bureaucracy +b. Censorship laws to control the press +c. A modern arm +d. Preservation of the Church +4. The autocratic monarchies of __ began to introdu ce the changes that had already +taken place in Western Europe before 1815. (1) +a. Eastern Europe only +b. Central and Eastern Europe +c. Central Europe only +d. Western and Central Europe +5. Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-cent ury Europe were closely allied to the +ideology of __ . (1) +a. Liberalism +b. Centralismc. Globalism +d. PrivatizationCHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +5. Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-cent ury Europe were closely allied to the +ideology of __ . (1) +a. Liberalism +b. Centralismc. Globalism +d. Privatization +6. Name the kings who had been restored to power af ter Vienna Congress by the +conservatives. (1) +7. Who implemented the Civil Code of 1804 in France ? (1) +8. When was the Frankfurt parliament held? (1) +9. During the middle of the 19th century, Italy was divided into how many states? (1) +10. i. What was the zollverein? +ii. What were its wider implications? (3) +11. How Europe was closely allied to the ideology o f liberalism? (3) +12. Explain any three ways in which nationalist fee lings were kept alive in Poland in the +eighteenth and nineteenth century. (3) +13. Identify Napoleon, telling the part played by hi m in the France. (3) +14. Explain the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the uni fication of Italy. (5) +15. Analyse the measures and practices introduced b y the French revolutionaries toCHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +14. Explain the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the uni fication of Italy. (5) +15. Analyse the measures and practices introduced b y the French revolutionaries to +create a sense of collective identity amongst the F rench people. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +Answers +1. a. Metternich +Explanation: ‘When France sneezes,’ Metternich once remarked, ‘the re st of +Europe catches cold.’ The July Revolution sparked an uprising in Brussels which +led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdo m of the Netherlands. +2. d. Fatherland +Explanation: La patria means Fatherland. +3. b. Censorship laws to control the press +Explanation: One of the major issues taken up by the liberal-nat ionalists, who +criticised the new conservative order, was freedom o f the press. +4. b. Central and Eastern Europe +Explanation: Monarchs were beginning to realise that the cycles of revolutionCHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +criticised the new conservative order, was freedom o f the press. +4. b. Central and Eastern Europe +Explanation: Monarchs were beginning to realise that the cycles of revolution +and repression could only be ended by granting conc essions to the liberal- +nationalist revolutionaries. Hence, in the years aft er 1848, the autocratic +monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to i ntroduce the changes that +had already taken place in Western Europe before 18 15. +5. a. Liberalism +Explanation: Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were +closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. The t erm ‘liberalism’ derives from +the Latin root liber, meaning free. +6. Bourbon Kings had been restored to power after V ienna Congress by the +conservatives. +7. The Civil Code of 1804 was implemented by Napole on Bonaparte in France. +8. Frankfurt parliament was held in 1848. +9. Italy was divided into seven states during the m iddle of the 19th century,CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +7. The Civil Code of 1804 was implemented by Napole on Bonaparte in France. +8. Frankfurt parliament was held in 1848. +9. Italy was divided into seven states during the m iddle of the 19th century, +10. i. Zollverein or a customs union was formed at the initiative of Prussia in 1834. It +was joined by most of the German States. +ii. The idea of zollverein was aimed at binding the Germans economically into anation. The Union did away with the tariff barriers and reduced the number of +currencies to only two from over thirty. It helped in awakening and raising +national sentiment through a fusion of individual a nd provincial interests. The +people of Germany realised that the only means to e ngender national feeling was +a free economic system. +11. In Europe the educated, liberal middle class spe arheaded the nationalist movement. +They stood for the freedom of individual and equali ty of all before the low. FollowingCHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +11. In Europe the educated, liberal middle class spe arheaded the nationalist movement. +They stood for the freedom of individual and equali ty of all before the low. Following +were the political, social and economic ideas suppor ted by the liberals: +i. Political ideas -The ideology of liberalism supported the ideas of national unity +and abolition of aristocratic privileges. It also a dvocated for a constitutional and +representative government through parliament. It di d not stand for the idea of +universal suffrage. +ii. Social ideas - They supported freedom for the individual and ide a of equality of +all before the law. +iii. Economic ideas - There was freedom of market and abolition of stat e imposed +restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. Zollverein abolished tariff +barriers and reduced the number of currencies. Intr oduction of a system of +weights and measures also strengthen the ideology o f liberalism.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +barriers and reduced the number of currencies. Intr oduction of a system of +weights and measures also strengthen the ideology o f liberalism. +12. The nationalist feelings were kept alive in Pol and in the eighteenth and nineteenth +century in the following ways: +i. They used music to keep their unity and identity . Karol Kurpinski, kept up the +national struggle by staging his polish operas and music. +ii. The Polish people used dances like polonaise an d mazurka making them into +nationalist symbols. +iii. The use of Polish came to be seen as a symbol of struggle against Russian +dominance. In 1831, there was a Polish armed rebelli on against Russian rule but +the rebellion was crushed. +13. Napoleon was a great French General, who won man y battles for the revolutionary +France and raised his nation’s prestige. In many par ts of Europe, like in the Dutch +Republic in Switzerland, Italy and Germany, he simpli fied administrative divisions,CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +France and raised his nation’s prestige. In many par ts of Europe, like in the Dutch +Republic in Switzerland, Italy and Germany, he simpli fied administrative divisions, +abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from the serfdom and the manorial +dues. +There was a time when he had become a terror for al l the European monarchs. But inthe end, his limited resources collapsed in the face of fourth coalition of the European +nations. He was defeated in the battle of Waterloo in 1815 A.D. and was sent as a +prisoner to spend his last days at the small island of St. Helena where he died in the +year 1821 A.D. +14. Role of Mazzini in the unification of Italy was as follows: +i. Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa in 1807. +ii. He became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. +iii. At the age of 24, he was sent into exile in 183 1 for attempting a revolution in +Liguria.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +ii. He became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. +iii. At the age of 24, he was sent into exile in 183 1 for attempting a revolution in +Liguria. +iv. He became a member of various secret societies such as Young Italy in Marseilles +and Young Europe in Berne. +v. He wanted unification with a wider alliance of n ations. +vi. He frightened conservatives through the opposit ion of monarchy and vision of +democratic republics. +vii. He favoured war for the unification of Italy. +viii. He wanted economic development and political dominance. +15. The French revolutionaries introduced various m easures and practices that created a +sense of collective identity among the French peopl e: +i. They introduced the ideas of La Patrie (the fath erland) and Le Citoyen (the citizen) +emphasizing the concept of a united community enjoy ing equal rights under a +Constitution. +ii. They choose a new French flag, the tricolour, to replace the Royal Standard.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (3).txt +emphasizing the concept of a united community enjoy ing equal rights under a +Constitution. +ii. They choose a new French flag, the tricolour, to replace the Royal Standard. +iii. Estates General was elected by the body of act ive citizens and renamed the +National Assembly. +iv. New hymns were composed and martyrs commemorate d all in the name of the +nation. +v. A centralised system of administration was intro duced, uniform laws were made +for all citizens. +vi. French language was spoken and written and beca me a common language in +Paris.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +1. Choose the method that restricts soil erosion in hilly areas. (1) +a. contour ploughing +b. terrace farming. +c. strip cropping +d. shelter belt +2. The state of is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water +resources. (1) +a. Gujarat +b. Chhattisgarh +c. Haryana +d. Rajasthan +3. Which one of the following resources can be acqu ired by the Nation? (1) +a. National resources +b. Potential resources +c. Public resources +d. International resources +4. Which soil type is the result of intense leachin g due to heavy rainfall? (1) +a. red soil +b. alluvial soil +c. sandy soil +d. Laterite soil +5. Who wrote the book 'Small is Beautiful'? (1) +a. Gandhiji +b. Schumacher +c. Hitler +d. Jawaharlal Nehru +6. What is responsible for sheet erosion? (1) +7. What condition makes sustainable development dif ferent from development? (1)CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +a. Gandhiji +b. Schumacher +c. Hitler +d. Jawaharlal Nehru +6. What is responsible for sheet erosion? (1) +7. What condition makes sustainable development dif ferent from development? (1) +8. Do you think, the desired objective of National F orest Policy, 1952 is achievedsuccessfully? (1) +9. In which part of India excessive irrigation is a major cause of land degradation? (1) +10. Distinguish between stock and potential resourc e. Give one example of each. (3) +11. Explain the interdependent relationship between nature, technology and +institutions. (3) +12. What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give four main +features of this type of soil. (3) +13. On the political outline map of India given bel ow, identify the soil types in (i), (ii), +(iii). (3) +14. Explain the land use pattern in India. (5) +15. Describe alluvial soil under the following head s (5) +i. Formation +ii. Distribution +iii. Classification +iv. NutrientsCBSE Test Paper - 02CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +14. Explain the land use pattern in India. (5) +15. Describe alluvial soil under the following head s (5) +i. Formation +ii. Distribution +iii. Classification +iv. NutrientsCBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +Answers +1. b. terrace farming. +Explanation: Terraces reduce both the amount and velocity of wat er moving +across the soil surface, which greatly reduces soil erosion. Terracing thus +permits more intensive cropping than would otherwis e be possible. Western +and central Himalayas have well developed terrace f arming. +2. d. Rajasthan +Explanation: The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with so lar and wind +energy but lacks in water resources. Rajasthan face s one the greatest scarcity of +water resources in the country. It has 14% of India 's cultivable area, 6% of +population and about 11% of country's livestock but it has only 1% of surface +water and 2% of ground water. Thus, Rajasthan a stat e with about 10% of landCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +population and about 11% of country's livestock but it has only 1% of surface +water and 2% of ground water. Thus, Rajasthan a stat e with about 10% of land +area has only around 1% of country's water resource s. +3. a. National resources +Explanation: National Resources: Technically, all the resources b elong to the +nation. The country has legal powers to acquire eve n private property for +public good. Urban Development Authorities get empo wered by the +government to acquire land. All the minerals,water r esources, forests, wildlife, +land within the political boundaries and oceanic ar ea upto 12 nautical miles +(22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial wate r and resources therein +belong to the nation. +4. d. Laterite soil +Explanation: The laterite soil is formed under conditions of hig h temperature +and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry perio ds, which leads to leaching +of soil, leaving only oxides of iron and aluminum. I t lacks fertility due to aCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry perio ds, which leads to leaching +of soil, leaving only oxides of iron and aluminum. I t lacks fertility due to a +lower base-exchanging capacity and a lower content of nitrogen, phosphorus, +and potassium. +5. b. SchumacherExplanation: It is a collection of essays by German born British economist E. +F. Schumacher. The phrase "Small Is Beautiful" came from a phrase by his +teacher Leopold Kohr. It is often used to champion small, appropriate +technologies that are believed to empower people mo re, in contrast with +phrases such as "bigger is better". +6. Water is responsible for sheet erosion. Water fl ows as a sheet over larger areas down +a slope, leads to erosion of top soil. +7. The condition that development should take place in such a way that there is no +damage to the environment and sustains natural reso urces and the environment for +future generations.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +7. The condition that development should take place in such a way that there is no +damage to the environment and sustains natural reso urces and the environment for +future generations. +8. No, because National Forest Policy set a target f or 33 percent of desired forest cover in +India, but it is only about 23 percent in India now. Mining, grazing, development +projects have contributed to the loss of forests. +9. The North-Western part of India including Punjab , Haryana and Western part of Uttar +Pradesh are suffering from land degradation which i s due to excess irrigation. Over +irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging leading to increase +in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. +10. Stock : +i. Meaning: Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human +needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access these. +ii. They are found in the environment.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access these. +ii. They are found in the environment. +iii. Example: Water is a compound of two inflammable gases—hydroge n and +oxygen, which can be used as a rich source of energy . But we do not have the +required technical knowledge on how to use them for this purpose. +Potential resources: +i. Meaning: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised. +ii. They are found in a region. +iii. Example: Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for t he development +of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly for +various reasons. +11. The process of transformation of things availab le in our environment involves an +interdependent relationship between nature, technolo gy and institutions. Human +beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to acceleratetheir economic development. Resources are the funct ions of human activities.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to acceleratetheir economic development. Resources are the funct ions of human activities. +12. Alluvial soil is found in the eastern coastal p lains particularly in the deltas of the +Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. +Main features of alluvial soil: +i. It is highly fertile. +ii. It consists of various proportions of sand, silt and day. +iii. It is rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime but deficient in organic matter. +iv. The soil is porous because of its loamy (equal proportion of sand and clay) nature. +Porosity and texture provide good drainage and othe r conditions favorable for +agriculture. +13. i. Black soil covering Gujarat region +ii. Arid soil covering Rajasthan +iii. Forest and Mountainous soil covering Arunachal Pradesh +14. The land use pattern in divided in the followin g ways: +i. The net sown area in India has decreased from 45 .26 per cent to 43.41 per cent.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +14. The land use pattern in divided in the followin g ways: +i. The net sown area in India has decreased from 45 .26 per cent to 43.41 per cent. +This means that more and more agricultural land is being shifted to otheractivities. +ii. The pattern of the net sown area varies gently from one state to another. In +Punjab and Haryana the net sown area is 80 per cent of the total area but in +Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman and N icobar Islands, it is +less than 10 per cent of the total area. +iii. The area under forests has been increased from 18.11 per cent in 1960-61 to 22.57 +per cent in 2000-2003 and to 23 per cent in 2005-06 , yet it is far below than the +scientific norms. +iv. The land under permanent pastures is very low, i .e., only 3.45 per cent. +v. Area under fallow land has also decreased which shows, that subsistence +agriculture is being replaced by commercial agricul ture. +15. Alluvial soil can be described as follows:CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +v. Area under fallow land has also decreased which shows, that subsistence +agriculture is being replaced by commercial agricul ture. +15. Alluvial soil can be described as follows: +i. Formation: Alluvial soil is made-up of silt, sand, and clay. It is deposited by three +important Himalayan river systems the Indus, the Gan ga, and the Brahmaputra. It +is bigger and coarser in the upper reaches of the r iver and becomes finer as the +river flows down. +ii. Distribution/Area: This soil is prevalent in the river valleys of the Northern +Plains (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra), strips in Gujarat and Rajasthan, as well as in +the Eastern coastal plains in the deltas of rivers of the Peninsular plateau +(Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri). +iii. Classification: According to their age, alluvial soils can be class ified as (Bangar) +old alluvial and Khadar (new alluvial). The Bhangar is the older alluvium along +the river beds forming terraces higher than the flo od plain (about 30 metres aboveCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +old alluvial and Khadar (new alluvial). The Bhangar is the older alluvium along +the river beds forming terraces higher than the flo od plain (about 30 metres above +the flood level). It is of a more clayey compositio n and is generally dark colored. +The Khadar is composed of newer alluvium and forms the flood plains along the +river banks. +iv. Nutrients/Minerals: This soil is rich in nutrients like calcium, sodium, +potassium, silicon, phosphorus (typically phosphates) , nitrogen (as nitrates or +ammonium salts) which is suitable for growing paddy , wheat, sugarcane, and +other cereal and pulse crops.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +1. Why did production of Indian textiles and handlo om go up during the Non- Cooperation +Movement? (1) +a. All of these +b. Foreign cloth was burnt in huge bonfires +c. The import of foreign clothes was halved and the value dropped from Rs 102 crores to +Rs 57 crores +d. People discarded imported clothes and wore only Indian ones +2. Who led the peasants in Awadh? (1) +a. Mahatma Gandhi +b. None of these +c. Baba Ramchandra +d. Jawaharlal Nehru +3. Which of the following in not true about the Row latt Act? (1) +a. Led to the launch of a movement under Gandhiji’s leadership. +b. It passed the Act despite opposition from the In dian members in the Imperial +Legislative Council. +c. Gave the government powers to repress political activity +d. It allowed the detention of prisoners for five y ears without trial. +4. Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that (1) +a. they are part of different regionsCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +d. It allowed the detention of prisoners for five y ears without trial. +4. Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that (1) +a. they are part of different regions +b. they should aim for luxuries +c. they fight amongst themselves +d. they are all part of the same nation +5. Which one of the following statements is not the basic concept of ‘Satyagraha’? (1) +a. Emphasis on enduring the British dominance +b. Emphasis on non-violence +c. Emphasis on the power of truth +d. Emphasis on the need to restrain oneself +6. Who was the writer of 'Vande Mataram'? (1)7. What was the reason for calling off the Non-Coop eration Movement? (1) +8. Why did Nationalists in India tour villages to g ather folk songs and legends? (1) +9. What is Begar? (1) +10. How had the First World War created a new econo mic situation in India? (3) +11. Explain in brief the 'Dandi March'. (3) +12. Who was M.R. Jayakar? (3)CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +9. What is Begar? (1) +10. How had the First World War created a new econo mic situation in India? (3) +11. Explain in brief the 'Dandi March'. (3) +12. Who was M.R. Jayakar? (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on +the lines marked on the map. +a. A place where the session of Congress held in 19 29 +b. A place associated with the movement of Indigo P lanters +ii. Locate and Label Ahmadabad-cotton mill workers Satyagraha with appropriate +symbols on the same map given for identification (3) +14. How did the revival of Indians folklore develop the ideas of Nationalism among Indians? +Explain. (5) +15. Explain the contribution of Gandhiji to uplift the position of Untouchables in the society? +(5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +Answer +1. a. All of theseCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +15. Explain the contribution of Gandhiji to uplift the position of Untouchables in the society? +(5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +Answer +1. a. All of these +Explanation: The effects of non-cooperation on the economic fron t were more +dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign +cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 +and 1922, its value dropping from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore. In many places +merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign g oods or finance foreign +trade +2. c. Baba Ramchandra +Explanation: In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra. +Baba Ramchandra was a sanyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured +labourer. +3. d. It allowed the detention of prisoners for fiv e years without trial. +Explanation: Rowlatt Act (1919). This Act had been hurriedly pas sed through +the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the IndianCHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Explanation: Rowlatt Act (1919). This Act had been hurriedly pas sed through +the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian +members. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political +activities, and allowed detention of political priso ners without trial for two +years. +4. d. they are all part of the same nation +Explanation: Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe th at they are +all part of the same nation, when they discover some unity that binds them +together. +5. a. Emphasis on enduring the British dominance +Explanation: The idea of satyagraha emphasized the power of trut h and the +need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle +was against injustice, then physical force was not n ecessary to fight the +oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or being aggre ssive, a satyagrahi could +win the battle through nonviolence. This could be d one by appealing to theconscience of the oppressor.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or being aggre ssive, a satyagrahi could +win the battle through nonviolence. This could be d one by appealing to theconscience of the oppressor. +6. The writer of 'Vande Mataram' is Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. +7. In 1922, Chauri Chaura's violent incident led Gan dhi to call off the Non-Cooperation +Movement. +8. In late-nineteenth-century India, nationalists be gan recording folk tales sung by bards +and they toured villages to gather folk songs and l egends as it was essential to +preserve one’s folk tradition in order to discover h is national identity and restore a +sense of pride in his past. +9. Begar is a type of labour that villagers were fo rced to contribute without any +payment. +10. The First World War created a new economic situ ation in India which are as follows: +i. It speeded up the process of industrialization. +ii. Prices of essential commodities doubled between 1913 and 1918 leading to +extreme hardship to the common people.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +i. It speeded up the process of industrialization. +ii. Prices of essential commodities doubled between 1913 and 1918 leading to +extreme hardship to the common people. +iii. It led to a huge increase in defence expenditu re which was financed by war loans +and increasing taxes. +iv. It created a demand for industrial goods (jute bags, doth, rails, etc.) and caused a +decline in imports from other countries into India. +11. i. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous 'Salt Marc h' or 'Dandi March' on 11th March +1930 accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. +ii. The distance from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a c oastal town on the coast of +Gujarat was 240 miles. The volunteers walked for 24 days, 10 miles a day. +iii. Thousands of people came to hear Gandhiji. The explained the meaning of Swaraj +to them. +iv. On 6th April 1930, he reached Dandi and ceremoni ally violated the law and +manufactured salt by boiling sea water. +v. This marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +to them. +iv. On 6th April 1930, he reached Dandi and ceremoni ally violated the law and +manufactured salt by boiling sea water. +v. This marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement. +12. He was member of Hindu Mahasabha, who strongly o pposed the efforts of +compromise during all Parties Conference in 1928.13. +14. The spirit of nationalism could be fostered onl y when people were aware of the +concept of one single nation by breaking the divisi ons of region and communities. The +folklore and paintings helped to achieve the same. +The image of Bharat mata with the tri-colour in her hand helped the people of the +nation to look up to a image or a figure they were fighting for. The native folk songs +inspired all to look up to the cultural achievement s of one's country and use it as a +weapon to encourage all. +A. Idea of nationalism also developed through a mov ement to revive Indian folklore.CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +inspired all to look up to the cultural achievement s of one's country and use it as a +weapon to encourage all. +A. Idea of nationalism also developed through a mov ement to revive Indian folklore. +B. In late nineteenth century India, nationalists be gan recording folk tales sung by +bards and they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends. +C. These tales they believed gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been +corrupted and damaged by outside forces. +D. It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one’s nationalidentity and restore a sense of pride in one’s past. +E. In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began coll ecting ballades, nursery rhymes +and myths and the movement for folk revival. +15. A. Gandhiji declared that Swaraj would not come for a hundred years if +untouchability was not eliminated. +B. He called the untouchables Harijans children of God,CHAPTER 2-HISTORY- NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +15. A. Gandhiji declared that Swaraj would not come for a hundred years if +untouchability was not eliminated. +B. He called the untouchables Harijans children of God, +C. He organized satyagraha to secure them entry int o temples and to assess to public +wells, tanks, roads and schools, +D. He himself cleaned toilets to dignify the work o f Bhangi (the Sweepers). +E. He persuaded the upper castes to change their he art and give up the sin of +untouchability.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +1. In which treaty Greece was recognised as an inde pendent nation? (1) +a. Treaty of Geneva +b. Treaty of Vienna +c. Versailles treaty +d. Treaty of Constantinople +2. The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the __ root lib er, meaning free. (1) +a. Dutch +b. Greek +c. Sanskrit +d. Latin +3. What is Suffrage? (1) +a. The right to information +b. The right to Speech +c. The right to vote +d. The right to freedom +4. Read the following events relating to the year 1 848 and tick the incorrect event. (1) +a. Barricades were erected and Louis Philippe was f orced to flee. +b. National workshops to provide employment were se t up. +c. Food shortages and widespread unemployment broug ht the population of Paris +out on the roads. +d. National Assembly proclaimed a Constitutional Mo narchy, granted suffrage to all +adult males above 18, and guaranteed the right to wo rk.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +out on the roads. +d. National Assembly proclaimed a Constitutional Mo narchy, granted suffrage to all +adult males above 18, and guaranteed the right to wo rk. +5. The print of "The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics" was +prepared by whom? (1)a. Frédéric Sorrieu +b. Pablo Picasso +c. Giuseppe Mazzini +d. Leonardo da Vinci +6. Name the French artist who prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a +new world. (1) +7. What was the main aim of the French revolutionar ies? (1) +8. Who had hosted the meeting of representatives of European powers at Vienna in +1815? (1) +9. Who was Johann Gottfried Herder? (1) +10. Which three issues were visualized by Frederic Sorrieu? (3) +11. "The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe." Support the +statement with arguments. (3) +12. Explain any three provisions of the Napoleon Ci vil Code, 1804. (3) +13. "A wave of economic nationalism strengthened th e wider nationalist sentimentsCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +statement with arguments. (3) +12. Explain any three provisions of the Napoleon Ci vil Code, 1804. (3) +13. "A wave of economic nationalism strengthened th e wider nationalist sentiments +growing in Europe."? Which class brought about this change? How did they bring +about this change? Explain. (3) +14. How would you categories the factors which prom oted the building up of the +dominance of English ethnic in British Isles? (5) +15. How did the Balkan issue become one of the majo r factors responsible for the First +World War? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +Answers +1. d. Treaty of Constantinople +Explanation: The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Gre ece as an +independent nation. +2. d. Latin +Explanation: Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were +closely allied to the ideology of liberalism.The te rm ‘liberalism’ derives from the +Latin root liber, meaning free. +3. c. The right to voteCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +closely allied to the ideology of liberalism.The te rm ‘liberalism’ derives from the +Latin root liber, meaning free. +3. c. The right to vote +Explanation: Suffrage – The right to vote +4. d. National Assembly proclaimed a Constitutional Monarchy, granted suffrage to +all adult males above 18, and guaranteed the right t o work. +Explanation: National Assembly proclaimed a Republic, granted suf frage to +all adult males above 21, and guaranteed the right t o work. +5. a. Frédéric Sorrieu +Explanation: In 1848, Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of +four prints visualising his dream of a world made u p of ‘democratic and social +Republics’ +6. The French engraver and draughtsman Frederic Sor rieu composed a series of four +prints which visualised his dream of a new world. +7. The main aim of the French revolutionaries was t o make a France a nation and +liberate the people by creating the feeling of a co llective identity.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +7. The main aim of the French revolutionaries was t o make a France a nation and +liberate the people by creating the feeling of a co llective identity. +8. The Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich had host ed the meeting of representatives +of European powers at Vienna in 1815. +9. Johann Gottfried Herder was a German philosopher , poet and literary critic whoclaimed that real German culture was to be discover ed among the common people +(das volk). +10. Frederic Sorrieu was a French artist who prepar ed a series of four prints visualizing +his dreams of a world. +i. The first print of the series shows the people o f Europe and America of the ages +and social classes marching in a long train. They a re offering homage to the statue +of Liberty as they pass by it. +ii. His second vision named utopian vision, the peop le of the world are grouped as +distinct nations, identify through their flags and n ational costume.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +of Liberty as they pass by it. +ii. His second vision named utopian vision, the peop le of the world are grouped as +distinct nations, identify through their flags and n ational costume. +iii. On the earth in the foreground of the image li e the shattered remains of the +symbols of absolutist institutions. His work shows his dream on democratic and +social republics. +11. The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in Europe. +i. Enormous increase in population: The first half of the nineteenth century +saw an enormous increase in population all over Eur ope. +ii. Unemployment and Migration: In most countries, there were more job +seekers than employment. Population from rural area s migrated to the cities to +live in overcrowded slums. +iii. Stiff competition from imports: Small producers in towns were often faced +with stiff competition from imports of cheap machin e made goods from England, +where industrialisation was more advanced than on t he continent.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +with stiff competition from imports of cheap machin e made goods from England, +where industrialisation was more advanced than on t he continent. +iv. Widespread pauperism: The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest l ed to +widespread pauperism in town and country. +12. The Napoleon Civil Code, 1804, generally known as the Napoleonic Code, has the +following provisions: +i. Simplified administration : Napoleon simplified the administrative divisions, +abolished feudal system and freed peasants from ser fdom and manorial dues. +ii. No birth-based privileges : Napoleon abolished all privileges based on birth and +established equality before the law. He also secure d the right to property.iii. Free trade & no guild restrictions : The uniform laws, standardised measurements +and currencies boosted free trade. Moreover, removal of guild restrictions that +hindered growth of manufacturing was also scrapped by Napoleon.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +and currencies boosted free trade. Moreover, removal of guild restrictions that +hindered growth of manufacturing was also scrapped by Napoleon. +iv. Improvement of infrastructure : Transport and communication system was +improved. +13. A wave of economic nationalism strengthened wider n ationalist sentiments +growing in Europe. This wave of change was brought about by the new middle +class. +In the given ways the change was brought about by t he new middle class: +i. Formation of the Zollverein in 1834. +ii. The elimination of tariff barriers by the union . +iii. There was a reduction in the number of currenc ies from over thirty to two. +iv. The formation of a network of railways that fur ther helped mobility and +connected economic interests to national unificatio n. +14. The factors which promoted building up of the d ominance of English ethnic in British +Isles can be categorised as following: +i. Economic Prosperity : The Industrial revolution helped in the economic prosperityCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +Isles can be categorised as following: +i. Economic Prosperity : The Industrial revolution helped in the economic prosperity +of the English nation. It succeeded in extending it s influence over the other +nations of the island with the help of trade and we alth. +ii. English Parliament : The English parliament which had seized power fro m the +monarchy in 1688 at the end of a protracted conflic t was the instrument through +which a nation state with England at its centre cam e to be forged. +iii. The Act of Union 1707 : According to this Act, the United Kingdom of Great Britain +was formed and Scotland was merged into England. Br itish parliament became +stronger. +iv. Majority of English members in the British Parl iament : Due to the Act of 1707 +United Kingdom was formed and the parliament domina ted by the English +members. This was a major factor to uplift the iden tity of British. +v. Setback to Scotland’s distinctive culture and ide ntity : Catholic clans that inhabitedCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +members. This was a major factor to uplift the iden tity of British. +v. Setback to Scotland’s distinctive culture and ide ntity : Catholic clans that inhabited +the Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression whenever they attempted to +assert their independence. The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their +Gaelic language.15. The Balkan issue became one of the major factor s responsible for the First World War +in the following ways: +i. Balkans was a region of geographical and ethical variations comprising modern +day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croat ia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, +Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants we re known as slaves. +ii. A large part of the Balkans was under the contr ol of the Ottoman Empire. The +spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkan together with the +disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this regi on very explosive.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (12).txt +spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkan together with the +disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this regi on very explosive. +iii. As the different Slavic nationalities struggle d to define their identity and +independence, the Balkan area became as area of inte nse conflict. +iv. The Balkan states were jealous of each other an d each hoped to gain more +territory at the expense of other. Balkans also bec ame as area of big power rivalry. +v. Each European power such as Russia, Germany, Engla nd, Austria-Hungry was +keen on countering the hold of other powers over Ba lkans and this led to a series +of wars, eventually the First World War.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +1. In the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing _____ +within the villages. (1) +a. Children and Elders +b. Peasants and artisans +c. Women and Men +d. Jobbers and Stapler +2. After the first world war which country could ne ver recapture its old position in the +Indian market? (1) +a. USA +b. Japan +c. Germany +d. Manchester +3. Who published a picture on the cover page announ cing the ‘Dawn of the Century'? +(1) +a. E.T. Paull +b. Paul Bernard +c. James Watt +d. Lenin +4. What was established by Richard Arkwright? (1) +a. Flying shuttle +b. Cotton mill +c. Spinning jenny +d. English Universities +5. _____ is the process in which fibers, such as cot ton or wool, are prepared prior tospinning. (1) +a. Fuller +b. Grinding +c. Carding +d. Weaving +6. Which was the first Asian country to be industri alized? (1)CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +a. Fuller +b. Grinding +c. Carding +d. Weaving +6. Which was the first Asian country to be industri alized? (1) +7. Name any four major centres of cotton textile of India during the colonial period. (1) +8. Which Indian port connected India to the Gulf an d Red Sea Ports? (1) +9. What was the paid servant whom the company appoi nted to supervise weavers +called? (1) +10. “Consumers are created through advertisement.” Explain. (3) +11. Explain the role of European Managing Agencies in India. (3) +12. Describe the functions performed by supply merc hants in export trade. (3) +13. Explain the contribution of Dwarkanath Tagore a nd Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata in +shaping the industrial development of India. (3) +14. Describe the life of the workers in Victorian B ritain. (5) +15. Why was a jobber employed? How did a jobber misu se his position and power? +Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +Answer +1. b. Peasants and artisansCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +15. Why was a jobber employed? How did a jobber misu se his position and power? +Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +Answer +1. b. Peasants and artisans +Explanation: There were powerful trade and craft guilds in urba n areas. +These associations controlled competition and price s and prevented entry of a +new player in the market. Because of them, it was di fficult for new merchants +to set business in towns. Hence, the merchants from towns in Europe began +employing peasants and artisan within the villages; during seventeenth +century. +2. d. Manchester +Explanation: After the first world war, Manchester could never r ecapture its +old position in the Indian market. +3. a. E.T. Paull +Explanation: In 1900, a popular music publisher E.T. Paull produ ced a music +book that had a picture on the cover page announcin g the ‘Dawn of the +Century’. +4. b. Cotton mill +Explanation: Richard Arkwright created the first cotton mill. +5. c. CardingCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +book that had a picture on the cover page announcin g the ‘Dawn of the +Century’. +4. b. Cotton mill +Explanation: Richard Arkwright created the first cotton mill. +5. c. Carding +Explanation: Carding: The process in which fibers, such as cotto n or wool, are +prepared prior to spinning. +6. India was the first Asian country to be industri alized. +7. Some major centres of cotton textile were Bombay , Kanpur, Ahmedabad and Madras +during the colonial period. +8. Surat Port is connected to the Gulf and Red Sea Ports. +9. The paid servant whom the company appointed to s upervise weavers was calledGomastha. +10. When new products were produced during colonial period people had to be +persuaded to buy them. They had to feel like using the product. Advertisements were +the only way to communicate about the new products and their usage. +i. Advertisements made the products appear desirabl e and necessary. +ii. They tried to mend the minds of people and crea te their needs.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +i. Advertisements made the products appear desirabl e and necessary. +ii. They tried to mend the minds of people and crea te their needs. +iii. They appeared in newspapers, street walls, magaz ines and expanded the markets +for goods and products. +iv. Advertisements shaped a new consumer culture. +11. a. Till the First World War, European Managing A gencies controlled a large sector of +Indian industries. Three of the biggest ones were B ird Heiglers & Co., Andrew +Yule, and Jardine Skinner & Co. +b. They were interested in certain kinds of product s which could be exported. +c. By acquiring land at cheap rates from the coloni al government, they established +tea and coffee plantations. +d. They invested money in mining, indigo and jute. T hese products were not for sale +in India. Most of these products were used for expo rt trade. +e. These agencies mobilised capital, set up joint-st ock companies and managed them.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +in India. Most of these products were used for expo rt trade. +e. These agencies mobilised capital, set up joint-st ock companies and managed them. +12. The functions performed by supply merchants in the export trade were as follows: +a. Supply merchants linked the port towns to the in land regions. +b. They gave advances to weavers, procured the woven cloth from weaving villagers +and carried the supply to the ports. +c. At the port, the big shippers and export merchant s had brokers who negotiated +the price and bought goods from the supply merchant s who were operating inland +and sold them abroad. +13. a. Dwarkanath Tagore was involved in China trad e. Later he set up six joint-stock +companies in 1830s and 1840s. He believed that Indi a would develop through +westernization and industrialization. He invested i n shipping, shipbuilding, +mining, banking etc. +b. Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata was initially involv ed in China trade and raw cottonCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +westernization and industrialization. He invested i n shipping, shipbuilding, +mining, banking etc. +b. Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata was initially involv ed in China trade and raw cotton +shipments to England. In 1912, he set up the first i ron and steel works in India atJamshedpur. +14. The life of the workers in Victorian Britain is as follows: +a. In Victorian Britain, there was no shortage of hu man labour. Labour was in +abundance. So, industrialists had no problem with a labour shortage or high +wages. +b. Opportunities for employment were few. Job seeke rs who came from villages had +to spend the night under bridges or in night shelte rs and they had no place to stay +in the city. +c. Much of the work was seasonal in nature such as bookbinding. +d. Wages were low and life was difficult when price s of goods in the city rose +sharply. +e. Workers had to look for odd jobs when they could not find proper employment in +factories.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +d. Wages were low and life was difficult when price s of goods in the city rose +sharply. +e. Workers had to look for odd jobs when they could not find proper employment in +factories. +15. Jobber was employed to get new recruits for the factories or industrialists. Jobbers +were the paid workers of the industrialists. They w ere old and most trusted workers. +The jobber misused his position and power in the fo llowing ways: +a. The jobber got people from his village, ensured t hem jobs, helped them settle in +the city and provided them with money in times of c risis. +b. The jobber, therefore, became a person with some a uthority and power. +c. Jobbers began demanding money and gifts for his favour. +d. It started controlling the lives of the workers. +e. Jobbers got people from his own village and rest ricted entries of others in the +mills.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +1. Which was the main cause for boycotting foreign goods during Non- Cooperation +Movement? (1) +a. A symbol of foreign rule +b. A symbol of western economic and cultural domina tions +c. A symbol of oppressive rule +d. A symbol of western political domination +2. Which one of the following is not true regarding the Khilafat Movement? (1) +a. It aimed at bringing the Hindus and Muslims toge ther in the Non- Cooperation +Movement +b. It resulted in the restoration of the power of t he Khilafat of Turkey +c. It aimed at defending the Ottoman Emperor’s tempo ral powers +d. Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali led the movement in India +3. ______cloth was often more expensive than mass p roduced mill cloth. (1) +a. Cotton +b. jute +c. Khadi +d. silk +4. What led to the Civil Disobedience Movement? (1) +a. Arrival of the Simon Commission +b. Violation of salt tax by Gandhi +c. Fall in demand for agricultural goodsCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +b. jute +c. Khadi +d. silk +4. What led to the Civil Disobedience Movement? (1) +a. Arrival of the Simon Commission +b. Violation of salt tax by Gandhi +c. Fall in demand for agricultural goods +d. Working at the farm without payments +5. Which one of the following is not true regarding the Jallianwala Bagh incident? (1) +a. Its aim was to create a feeling of terror +b. Its aim was to create a ‘moral effect’ in the mind s of the satyagrahis +c. It took place on 13th April, 1918 +d. The martial law had been imposed by Dyer +6. When was police fired in united province at peas ants near Rae Bareli? (1) +7. The resolution of Poorna Swaraj was adopted at w hich session of the Congress? (1)8. Name the place where Non-Cooperation movement wa s called off? (1) +9. Which pact reserved seats for Dalits in the prov incial and central legislative +assembly? (1) +10. Explain the effects of First World War on India . (3)CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +9. Which pact reserved seats for Dalits in the prov incial and central legislative +assembly? (1) +10. Explain the effects of First World War on India . (3) +11. How did the Salt March become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism? +Explain. (3) +12. Highlight the major facts about the new economi c situation created by First Word +War in India? (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names +on the lines marked on the map. +a. The Satyagraha of the peasants +b. Place where Gandhiji violated the Salt Law +ii. Locate and Label Nagpur session 1920 with appro priate symbols on the same map +given for identification (3) +14. Which incident marked the beginning of Civil Di sobedience Movement? Why did the +peasants join the Civil Disobedience Movement? (5)CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +given for identification (3) +14. Which incident marked the beginning of Civil Di sobedience Movement? Why did the +peasants join the Civil Disobedience Movement? (5) +15. What was the impact of the First World War on t he economic conditions in India. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 3 Nationalism in India +Answer +1. b. A symbol of western economic and cultural dom inations +Explanation: The boycott of foreign cloth, July 1922. Foreign clo th was seen as +the symbol of Western economic and cultural dominat ion. +2. b. It resulted in the restoration of the power o f the Khilafat of Turkey +Explanation: The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ot toman +Turkey. And there were rumours that a harsh peace t reaty was going to be +imposed on the Ottoman emperor – the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the +Khalifa). To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was +formed in Bombay in March 1919. +3. c. KhadiCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Khalifa). To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was +formed in Bombay in March 1919. +3. c. Khadi +Explanation: Khadi cloth was often more expensive than massprodu ced mill +cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it. +4. b. Violation of salt tax by Gandhi +Explanation: On 6 April Gandhiji reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated +the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. +People were now asked not only to refuse cooperatio n with the British, but also +to break colonial laws. +This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. +5. c. It took place on 13th April, 1918 +Explanation: On 13 April,1919 the infamous Jallianwalla Bagh inci dent took +place. On that day a large crowd gathered in the en closed ground of Jallianwalla +Bagh. Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points , and opened fire on the +crowd.killing hundreds. His object, as he declared l ater, was to ‘produce aCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Bagh. Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points , and opened fire on the +crowd.killing hundreds. His object, as he declared l ater, was to ‘produce a +moral effect’, to create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe. +6. On 6 January 1921 +7. The resolution of Poorna Swaraj was adopted at L ahore Session of 1929.8. Chauri Chaura +9. Poona Pact +10. The First World War created a new economic and political situation and posed the +following problems in India: +i. It led to a huge increase in defense expenditure which was financed by increasing +taxes on Indians. +ii. Custom duties were raised and income tax was in troduced. +iii. Prices increased, doubling between 1913 and 191 8. Continuous price rise caused +extreme hardship to the common people. +iv. Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers b y forced recruitment in rural areas +which caused widespread anger. +v. During 1918-19, crops failed in many parts of Ind ia which created a shortage of +food.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +which caused widespread anger. +v. During 1918-19, crops failed in many parts of Ind ia which created a shortage of +food. +vi. Spread of influenza epidemic and death of 12 to 13 million people. +11. The 'Salt March' acted as an effective tool of resistance against colonialism because of +the following reasons: +i. Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol t hat could unite the nation. +ii. Salt was something consumed by the rich and the by the rich and the poor alike. +The tax on salt and the government monopoly over it s production revealed the +most oppressive face of British rule. +iii. Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin statin g eleven demands. The most stirring of +all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. But Irw in was unwilling to negotiate, so +to peacefully defy the British, Mahatma Gandhi start ed his famous salt march +accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. +iv. On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially vi olated the law, manufacturingCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. +iv. On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially vi olated the law, manufacturing +salt by boiling sea water. +This march developed the feeling of nationalism, peo ple in different parts of the +country broke the salt law and manufactured salt an d demonstrated in front of +government salt factories. +12. A. First World War led to a huge increase in de fense expenditure which was financedwar loans and increase in Taxes. +B. Custom duties were raised and new income taxes w ere introduced. +C. Through war years prices increased-doubling betw een 1913 and 1918. +D. Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers. +E. Forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespr ead anger +13. +14. Civil Disobedience Movement: Violation of Salt Law by manufacturing salt from +seawater by Gandhiji marked the beginning of the Ci vil Disobedience Movement. +The peasants joined the Civil Disobedience Movement due to the following reasons:CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +seawater by Gandhiji marked the beginning of the Ci vil Disobedience Movement. +The peasants joined the Civil Disobedience Movement due to the following reasons: +a. In the countryside, the rich peasant communities like Patidars of Gujarat and Jats +of Uttar Pradesh took an active part in the movemen t. They were hard hit by trade +depression and falling prices and were unable to pa y the government's revenue +demand.b. For the rich peasants, the fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenue. +c. As the depression continued poor peasantry found it difficult to pay the rent. They +joined a variety of radical movements often led by socialists and communists. +d. Poor peasants wanted the unpaid rent to the land lord be remitted so they joined +the Civil Disobedience Movement. +15. The First World War created a new economic and political situation and posed the +following problems in India: +i. The war had led to huge expenditure which was fi nanced by heavy loans and anCHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +15. The First World War created a new economic and political situation and posed the +following problems in India: +i. The war had led to huge expenditure which was fi nanced by heavy loans and an +increase in taxes. Customs duties were raised and i ncome tax was introduced. +ii. Between 1913 and 1918, the prices had doubled an d the common people +underwent great hardships. +iii. Crops had failed between 1918-19 and 1920- 21 leading to famine and disease, +There were epidemics killing between 12-13 million people (Census, 1921). +iv. People's hope that the end of the war would bri ng an end to their goals were +believed, and this led to their support to the natio nal movement. +v. The Muslims were antagonized by the British ill- treatment of the Khalifa, after the +First World War. +vi. Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers b y forced recruitment in rural areas +which caused widespread anger. All this was aggrava ted by the failure of crop and +famine.CHAPTER 2- HISTORY-NATIONALISM IN INDIA-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +First World War. +vi. Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers b y forced recruitment in rural areas +which caused widespread anger. All this was aggrava ted by the failure of crop and +famine. +vii. Shortage of essential commodities was the natu ral outcome of war as industries +were geared to produce goods to fulfil war needs. +viii. The Congress and other parties were angry wit h the British for not consulting +them before making India a party on their side agai nst Germany. +ix. Taking advantage of the First World War, many re volutionary parties cropped up +and they incited the people to join the anti-coloni al movement in India (i.e. the +National Movement).CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 04 The Making of the Global World +1. The Bretton Woods Conference established the ___ ___. (1) +a. Sustainable Development Fund +b. Consumer Welfare Fund +c. International Monetary Fund +d. International Bank for Reconstruction and Develo pment +2. Rinderpest wiped off ______ of the cattle popula tion of Africa during this period. (1) +a. 60% +b. 90% +c. 80% +d. 50% +3. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to Corn Laws? (1) +a. Unhappy with high food prices, industrialists and urban dwellers forced the +abolition of the Corn Laws +b. These laws were abolished +c. It is the laws allowing the British government t o restrict the export of Corn +d. It is the laws allowing the British government t o restrict the import of Corn +4. Give one word for - Movement of people, goods and services across the nations. (1) +a. Privatization +b. Globalisation +c. Liberalisation +d. CommunalismCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +4. Give one word for - Movement of people, goods and services across the nations. (1) +a. Privatization +b. Globalisation +c. Liberalisation +d. Communalism +5. The dollar could not maintain its value in relat ion to ______. (1) +a. Silver +b. Goldc. Diamond +d. Platinum +6. Which European country first conquered America? (1) +7. Indian indentured workers came from which region s of India? (1) +8. Name the first European country that conquered A merica? (1) +9. The introduction of which crop led the European poor to eat better and live +longer? (1) +10. Explain any three factors responsible for the G reat Depression of 1929. (3) +11. Highlight three main features of life of Africa n people before the coming of +Europeans. (3) +12. Explain the impact of the Great Depression of 1 929-1934 on the world economy. (3) +13. Describe the impact of food imports on Britain in the nineteenth century. (3)CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Europeans. (3) +12. Explain the impact of the Great Depression of 1 929-1934 on the world economy. (3) +13. Describe the impact of food imports on Britain in the nineteenth century. (3) +14. The First World War was a war like no other bef ore. Explain any three features about +the war that supports the statement. (5) +15. After nineteenth century, how did the indentured labourers discover own ways of +survival? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 04 The Making of the Global World +Answers +1. c. International Monetary Fund +Explanation: United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference w as held in +July 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire, USA. +The Bretton Woods Conference established the Intern ational Monetary +Fund(IMF). +2. b. 90% +Explanation: Rinderpest is a disease which affects cattle. The example of +rinderpest in Africa shows that even a cattle disea se can widely alter the power +equations in a geographical area.Rinderpest wiped o ff 90% of the cattleCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +rinderpest in Africa shows that even a cattle disea se can widely alter the power +equations in a geographical area.Rinderpest wiped o ff 90% of the cattle +population of Africa during this period. +3. c. It is the laws allowing the British governmen t to restrict the export of Corn +Explanation: Corn Laws: The laws allowing the British governmen t to restrict +the import of Corn were popularly known as “CORN LA WS”. +i. These laws were abolished +ii. Because of restriction of imports lead to high food prices. +iii. Unhappy with high food prices, industrialists a nd urban dwellers forced the +abolition of the Corn Laws. +4. b. Globalisation +Explanation: Movement of people, goods and services across the n ations has +been termed as globalisation. +5. b. Gold +Explanation: The US dollar now no longer commanded confidence a s the +world’s principal currency. The dollar could not mai ntain its value in relation toCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +been termed as globalisation. +5. b. Gold +Explanation: The US dollar now no longer commanded confidence a s the +world’s principal currency. The dollar could not mai ntain its value in relation to +gold. Thus the system of fixed exchange rate collap sed and the new system of +floating exchange rate began. +6. The European country, Spanish first conquered Ame rica.7. Most Indian indentured workers came from dry dis tricts of Tamil Nadu, Bihar, +Central India and Eastern Uttar Pradesh. +8. Spain was the first European country that conque red America. +9. The introduction of Potato led the European poor to eat better and live longer. +10. The three factors responsible for the Great Dep ression of 1929 are: +i. Due to agricultural over production, prices slump ed and income declined. +Farmers expanded the production to maintain their o verall income. This +worsened the glut in the market. +ii. In the mid-1920s, US financed many countries thr ough loans but in 1929 theseCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Farmers expanded the production to maintain their o verall income. This +worsened the glut in the market. +ii. In the mid-1920s, US financed many countries thr ough loans but in 1929 these +countries faced an acute crisis. US loan withdrawal affected the whole Europe. +iii. Major banks collapsed along with currencies, su ch as British pound and sterling. +The US attempts to protect its economy in depressio n by doubling its import duties +affected the world badly. +11. The three main features of life of African peop le before the coming of Europeans are: +i. Africa had abundant land and a relatively small population. +ii. For centuries, land and livestock sustained Afri can livelihoods. Agriculture and +animal rearing was the main occupation of the peopl e. Most of the villages and +families were self-sufficient. +iii. People rarely worked for wages. There were onl y a few consumer goods that +wages could buy.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +families were self-sufficient. +iii. People rarely worked for wages. There were onl y a few consumer goods that +wages could buy. +12. The impact of the Great Depression of 1929-1934 on the world’s economy was: +i. There was deterioration of the economic conditio ns of the capitalists. +ii. There had been great fall in the industrial pro duction as the demand for goods of +all types also fell. +iii. Unemployment soared very high. +iv. There was a great fall in the living standard o f the people. +v. Agricultural prices fell disastrously. +13. The impact of food imports on Britain in the ni neteenth century are: +i. After the Corn Laws were abolished, food could be imported into Britain more +cheaply than it could be produced within the countr y. +ii. British agriculture was unable to compete with imports. +iii. Vast areas of land were now left uncultivated, and thousands of men and womenwere thrown out of work. +iv. They flocked to the cities or migrated overseas .CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iii. Vast areas of land were now left uncultivated, and thousands of men and womenwere thrown out of work. +iv. They flocked to the cities or migrated overseas . +14. The First World War was regarded as a war like no other due important reasons +which are as follows: +i. It involved the world's leading Industrial natio ns. The major economies of the +world like USA, UK, Russia and Germany fought the war with the might of all their +industries and strength of the economy and defence. +ii. This war was the first modern industrial war. M achine guns, tanks, aircraft, +chemical weapons, were used on a massive scale. +iii. Most of those who were maimed were men of work ing age. The scale of death and +destruction was great. These deaths and injuries re duced the workforce. +iv. Industries during the war were restructured to produce war-related products. +v. The war led to the snapping of economic links be tween the world's largestCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iv. Industries during the war were restructured to produce war-related products. +v. The war led to the snapping of economic links be tween the world's largest +economic powers which were now fighting with each o ther to pay for them. The +war transformed the US from being an international debtor to an international +creditor. +15. The nineteenth century indenture has been descr ibed as a ‘new system of slavery’. +Migrants were provided false information about livi ng and working conditions. On +arrival at the plantations, labourers found conditio ns to be different from what they +had imagined. Living and working conditions were ha rsh, and there were few legal +rights. Therefore, the indentured workers discovered their own ways of surviving. +i. Many of them escaped into wilds, though if caught , they would face severe +punishment. +ii. Others developed new forms of individual and co llective self-expression, blending +different cultural forms, old and new.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +punishment. +ii. Others developed new forms of individual and co llective self-expression, blending +different cultural forms, old and new. +iii. In Trinidad, the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous +carnival, called Hosay in which workers of all races and religions joined. +iv. The protest religion of Rastafarianism is said to reflect social and cultural links +with Indian migrants to Caribbean. Many cultural th ings from different places +fused their original characteristics and to become something entirely new. +v. Most indentured workers stayed on after their co ntracts ended, or returned to +their new homes after a short spell in India.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 04 The Making of the Global World +1. Trade in _____ shows a very good example of bene fit of technology on the life of +common people. (1) +a. Capital +b. Meat +c. Cotton +d. Silk +2. Abolition of ______ meant that food could be imp orted at much cheaper rate than at +what it could be produced in Britain. (1) +a. Corn Laws +b. Zamindari System +c. Permanent Settlement system +d. Land to the Tiller Act +3. _____ and other asian countries became attractiv e destination for investment by +foreign MNC's (1) +a. America +b. China +c. Russia +d. Australia +4. Read the statement given below : +"All three flows were closely interwoven and affect ed peoples’ lives more deeply now +than ever before" +Which of the given is not a part of that flow? (1) +a. The flow of trade +b. The flow of labour +c. The flow of technologyd. The movement of capital +5. Which of the following city was known as the the fabled city of gold? (1) +a. India +b. PeruCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +a. The flow of trade +b. The flow of labour +c. The flow of technologyd. The movement of capital +5. Which of the following city was known as the the fabled city of gold? (1) +a. India +b. Peru +c. El Dorado +d. Mexico +6. What were Cowries used for? (1) +7. Name a Noble Prize winning writer who is a desce ndant of indentured labour from +India. (1) +8. What was the benefit of relocation of industries ? (1) +9. Who adopted the concept of an assembly line to p roduce automobiles? (1) +10. Why did fixed exchange rate system collapsed in the 1960s? (3) +11. How did Rinderpest become instrumental in subju gating the Africans? (3) +12. How did the global transfer of disease in the p re-modern world help in the +colonization of the Americans? (3) +13. Examine the impact of First World War on Europe an societies. (3) +14. How far is it correct to say that the First Wor ld War was the first modern industrial +war? Explain. (5)CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +13. Examine the impact of First World War on Europe an societies. (3) +14. How far is it correct to say that the First Wor ld War was the first modern industrial +war? Explain. (5) +15. The 19th century world of faster economic growt h still brought misery for many. +Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 04 The Making of the Global World +Answers +1. b. Meat +Explanation: Trade in meat shows a very good example of benefit of +technology on the life of common people. Arrival of refrigeration technology +changed the picture. Now, animals could be slaughter ed in America and +processed meat could be shipped to Europe. This hel ped in better utilization of +space in the ships. This also helped in better avai lability of meat for the +Europeans and thus prices fell. Now, even the common people could afford to +eat meat on a regular basis. +2. a. Corn Laws +Explanation: Abolition of Corn Laws meant that food could be im ported atCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +Europeans and thus prices fell. Now, even the common people could afford to +eat meat on a regular basis. +2. a. Corn Laws +Explanation: Abolition of Corn Laws meant that food could be im ported at +much cheaper rate than at what it could be produced in Britain. British farm +produce was unable to compete with cheaper imports. +3. b. China +Explanation: China became attractive destinations for investmen t: This is +because of the low-cost structure of the Chinese ec onomy, most importantly its +low wages. +Wages were relatively low in countries like China. Thus they became +destinations for investment by foreign MNCs competi ng to capture world +markets. +4. c. The flow of technology +Explanation: +i. The first is the flow of trade which in the nine teenth century referred +largely to trade in goods. +ii. The second is the flow of labour – the migration of people in search of +employment. +iii. The third is the movement of capital for short -term or long-termCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +largely to trade in goods. +ii. The second is the flow of labour – the migration of people in search of +employment. +iii. The third is the movement of capital for short -term or long-term +investments over long distances.5. c. El Dorado +Explanation: Many expeditions set off in search of El Dorado, th e fabled city +of gold. +6. Cowries were used for the trading purpose. +7. VS Naipaul is the Nobel Prize-winning writer who is a descendant of indentured +labour from India. +8. The relocation of industries stimulated capital flow and world trade. +9. Henry Ford adopted the concept of an assembly li ne to produce automobiles. +10. The fixed exchange rate system collapsed in the 1960s because: +i. From the 1960s the rising costs of its overseas involvements weakened the US’s +finances and competitive strength. +ii. The US dollar now no longer commanded confidenc e as the world’s principal +currency. It could not maintain its value in relati on to gold.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +finances and competitive strength. +ii. The US dollar now no longer commanded confidenc e as the world’s principal +currency. It could not maintain its value in relati on to gold. +iii. This eventually led to the collapse of the sys tem of fixed exchange rates and the +introduction of a system of floating exchange rates . +11. Rinderpest was a devastating cattle disease tha t not only affected the cattle but also +the lives of the people by subjugating them to the Europeans in the following ways: +i. About 90% of the cattle were killed, which forced Africans to work for the +Europeans in the plantations. +ii. Planters, mine owners and colonial governments n ow successfully monopolised +what scarce cattle resources remained, to strengthen their power and forced +Africans into the labour market. +iii. Control over the scarce resource of cattle ena bled European colonisers to conquer +and subdue Africa. +12. i. America was not conquered and colonized by E uropeans with the help of superiorCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +iii. Control over the scarce resource of cattle ena bled European colonisers to conquer +and subdue Africa. +12. i. America was not conquered and colonized by E uropeans with the help of superior +firepower alone. Germs, such as those of smallpox we re helpful to a great extent. +ii. America was long isolated from the rest of the world. Its inhabitants had no +knowledge and immunity against diseases of Europe. +iii. The Spanish conquerors used their instance to introduce germs of smallpox +through their smallpox-infected person. It proved t o be a deadly killer.iv. Once introduced, the germs spread deep into the continent decimating whole +communities and paving way for conquest. +13. The impact of First World War on European socie ties are as follows: +i. The First World War cost mass scale death and de struction. More than nine +million people were dead and about twenty million p eople were injured. +ii. During the war, industries were restructured to produce war-related goods.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +million people were dead and about twenty million p eople were injured. +ii. During the war, industries were restructured to produce war-related goods. +iii. Entire societies were also reorganized for war related goods. +14. The First World War can be said to be the first modern industrial war because of the +following reasons: +i. The fighting involved the world’s leading industr ial nations which then harnessed +the vast powers of modern industry to inflict the g reatest possible destruction on +their enemies. +ii. It saw the use of machineguns, tanks, aircrafts, a nd chemical weapons on a +massive scale. These were all increasingly products of modern large-scale +industry. +iii. The scale of death and destruction was vast, th at is nine million dead and twenty +million injured. +iv. Such a massive destruction was unthinkable befo re the industrial age, without the +use of industrial arms. +v. During the war, industries were restricted to pro duce war-related goods.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +iv. Such a massive destruction was unthinkable befo re the industrial age, without the +use of industrial arms. +v. During the war, industries were restricted to pro duce war-related goods. +15. Nineteenth-century was the world of faster econ omic growth as well as great misery, +higher incomes for some and poverty for others, tech nological advances in some +areas and new forms of coercion in others: +i. Hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labo urers went to work on +plantations, in mines, and in road and railway constr uction projects around the +world. +ii. In India, indentured labourers were hired under contracts which promised return +travel to India after they had worked five years on their employer’s plantation. +iii. As a result, the cottage industry declined and land rents rose. Land and forest +were cleared for mines and plantations. +iv. Increased indebtedness among poor became preval ent.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +iii. As a result, the cottage industry declined and land rents rose. Land and forest +were cleared for mines and plantations. +iv. Increased indebtedness among poor became preval ent. +v. Living and working conditions for the indentured labour were harsh and with few +legal rights.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 04 The Making of the Global World +1. Give one word for: They link national currencies for purposes of international trade. +(1) +a. Floating rate +b. Flexible rate +c. Exchange rate +d. Fixed rate +2. Which rates fluctuate depending on demand and su pply of currencies in foreign +exchange markets, in principle without interference by governments? (1) +a. Mortgage exchange +b. Monetary exchange +c. Floating exchange +d. Fixed exchange +3. Which countries were called Allies? (1) +a. Germany, Japan, Italy +b. Britain, France and Russia +c. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey +d. Britian, France and Soviet Union +4. An industrial society based on ________ cannot b e sustained without mass +consumption. (1) +a. Total production +b. Production by masses +c. Mass production +d. Gross production +5. What are MNCs? (1)a. Mega National Companies +b. Medium National Corporation +c. Multi National Corporations +d. Multi Number CompaniesCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +b. Production by masses +c. Mass production +d. Gross production +5. What are MNCs? (1)a. Mega National Companies +b. Medium National Corporation +c. Multi National Corporations +d. Multi Number Companies +6. What is the difference between the Bretton Woods System and International +Monetary System? (1) +7. Which crop was not known to our ancestors until about five centuries ago? (1) +8. Which group of countries were known as the 'Cent ral Powers' in Europe? (1) +9. Who popularised Rastafarianism? (1) +10. In what ways did food items offer scope for lon g distance cultural exchange? (3) +11. How can you say that ancient silk routes helped in spreading of the values of one +place to another? (3) +12. The silk routes are a good example of trade and cultural link between distant parts of +the world. Explain with examples. (3) +13. What role did technology play in shaping the ni neteenth-century world? (3)CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +the world. Explain with examples. (3) +13. What role did technology play in shaping the ni neteenth-century world? (3) +14. Explain any three effects of the Great Depressi on 1929-1930 on the United States. (5) +15. What was Rinderpest? State any four effects of t he coming of Rinderpest in Africa. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 04 The Making of the Global World +Answers +1. c. Exchange rate +Explanation: Exchange rates: They link national currencies for p urposes of +international trade. +2. c. Floating exchange +Explanation: Flexible or Floating Exchange Rates: These rates fl uctuate +depending on demand and supply of currencies in for eign exchange markets, in +principle without interference by governments. +3. b. Britain, France and Russia +Explanation: The First World War, as you know, was fought between two +power blocs. On the one side were the Allies – Brita in, France and Russia(later +joined by the US); and on the opposite side were the Central Powers – Germany,CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +power blocs. On the one side were the Allies – Brita in, France and Russia(later +joined by the US); and on the opposite side were the Central Powers – Germany, +Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey. When the war be gan in August 1914, +many governments thought it would be over by Christ mas. It lasted more than +four years. +4. c. Mass production +Explanation: An industrial society based on mass production cann ot be +sustained without mass consumption. +5. c. Multi-National Corporations +Explanation: Multinational corporations (MNCs) are large compani es that +operate in several countries at the same time. +6. The Bretton Woods System was based on fixed exch ange rates whereas the +International Monetary system is the system linking national currencies and +monetary system. +7. Potato was not known to our ancestors until abou t five centuries ago. +8. The countries known as the ‘Central Powers’ in Eur ope were Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +monetary system. +7. Potato was not known to our ancestors until abou t five centuries ago. +8. The countries known as the ‘Central Powers’ in Eur ope were Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey. +9. Rastafarianism, reflecting Indian cultural links was made famous by the Jamaican +reggae star Bob Marley. +10. Food offers many examples of long distance cult ural exchange. Traders and travellers +introduced new crops to the lands they travelled. I t is believed that noodles travelled +to the West from China to become spaghetti. Arab tr aders took pasta in fifth century +Sicily in Italy. Many of our common foods such as p otatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, +tomatoes, chilies, and sweet potatoes and so on were not known to India until about +five centuries ago. These foods were only introduce d in Europe and Asia after +Columbus accidently discovered America. +11. The ancient silk routes helped in spreading of the values of one place to another, +since:CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Columbus accidently discovered America. +11. The ancient silk routes helped in spreading of the values of one place to another, +since: +i. These routes helped in spreading science and tec hnology. +ii. Spread of religious thoughts and religious prac tices. +iii. Spread of various clothing patterns. +iv. Spread of spiritual ideas and moral values. +12. i. Christian missionaries, Muslim preachers, Budd hist monks, all used the silk routes +and religions spread from one region to another. Th ese routes were used to spread +religions like Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. +ii. Historians have identified several silk routes over land and by sea. Now the vast +regions of Asia could be connected. It also linked Asia with Europe and northern +Africa through trade and culture. +iii. Silk routes are known to have existed since be fore the Christian Era. It continued +to thrive almost till the fifteenth century. Chines e pottery also followed the sameCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +iii. Silk routes are known to have existed since be fore the Christian Era. It continued +to thrive almost till the fifteenth century. Chines e pottery also followed the same +route, like textiles and spices from India and South east Asia. In return, precious +metals like gold and silver flowed from Europe to A sia. +iv. Traders and travellers introduced new crops to the areas they travelled. +v. Along with this trade route ideas too travelled to distant places. +13. The role played by technology in shaping the ni neteenth-century world is as follows: +i. The railways, steamships, the telegraphs were some important inventions without +which the transformed 19th-century world could not be imagined. +ii. Colonization stimulated new investments and imp rovements in transport.iii. Faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ship s helped to move food more +cheaply and quickly from far away farms to final ma rkets. +14. The United States was adversely affected by the Great Depression of 1929-30.CHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +cheaply and quickly from far away farms to final ma rkets. +14. The United States was adversely affected by the Great Depression of 1929-30. +i. With the fall in prices the US banks had also sl ashed domestic lending called bank +loans. +ii. Many houses and businesses collapsed. +iii. Faced with falling income, many household were unable to repay their loans. +iv. They had to give up their houses, cars and other consumer durables. +v. Unemployed soared, people trudged long distances looking for work. +vi. Unable to recover investments, collect loans and repay depositors, thousands of +banks went bankrupt and were forced to close. By 19 33, over four thousand banks +had closed and between 1929 and 1932 about 110,000 c ompanies had collapsed. +15. Rinderpest is a devastating cattle plague that affected the c attle of Africa. It arrived +in Africa in the late 1880s. It was carried by infe cted cattle imported from British AsiaCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +15. Rinderpest is a devastating cattle plague that affected the c attle of Africa. It arrived +in Africa in the late 1880s. It was carried by infe cted cattle imported from British Asia +to feed the Italian solders invading Eritrea in Eas t Africa. Entering Africa in the east, +rinderpest moved west ‘like forest fire’, reaching Afr ica’s Atlantic coast in 1892. It +reached the Cape (Africa’s southernmost tip) five ye ars later. Along the way +rinderpest killed 90 per cent of the cattle. +Reason: In the late nineteenth century Europeans were att racted to Africa due to its +vast resources of land and minerals and hoping to e stablish plantations and mines. +But they faced a problem of shortage of labour will ing to work for wages. Africans +had livestock and were not ready and willing to wor k for wages. +Impact: Rinderpest had a terrifying impact on people’s liv elihoods and the local +economy, like: +i. The loss of cattle forced the Africans to come i nto the labour market and work inCHAPTER 3-HISTORY-THE MAKING OF A GLOBAL WORLD-QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Impact: Rinderpest had a terrifying impact on people’s liv elihoods and the local +economy, like: +i. The loss of cattle forced the Africans to come i nto the labour market and work in +plantation and mines as it destroyed African liveli hoods. +ii. Planters, mine owners and colonial governments n ow successfully monopolised +what scarce cattle resources remained, to strengthen their power and to force +Africans into the labour market. +iii. Control over the scarce resource of cattle ena bled European colonisers to conquer +and subdue Africa.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +1. "There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.’’ who has given +this statement? (1) +a. Schumacher +b. Mahatma Gandhi +c. Jawaharlal Nehru +d. Hitler +2. Continuous use of land over a long period of tim e without taking appropriate +measures to conserve and manage, it has resulted in (1) +a. land upgradation +b. land ceiling +c. landslides +d. land degradation. +3. Which soil is known as 'regur' soil? (1) +a. red soil +b. alluvial soil +c. Black soil +d. sandy soil +4. What is the percentage share of plains in the to tal land area? (1) +a. 20% +b. 80% +c. 30% +d. 43% +5. Name the global ecological crisis that is create d by indiscriminate exploitation of +resources. (1)a. Global warming +b. all of these +c. environmental pollution +d. Ozone layer depletion +6. Which region of India is known as Basalt region? (1) +7. How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of +resources? (1)CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +c. environmental pollution +d. Ozone layer depletion +6. Which region of India is known as Basalt region? (1) +7. How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of +resources? (1) +8. What is the full form of UNCED? (1) +9. What are gullies? (1) +10. What does the term 'sustainable economic develo pment' mean? How can we +eradicate irrational consumption and over-utilisati on of resources? (3) +11. Define the following terms: (3) +i. Current fallow land +ii. Other than current fallow +iii. Culturable waste land +12. Distinguish between Khadar and Bangar. Name the states where alluvial soils are +found. (3) +13. Elucidate the views of Gandhiji regarding the c onservation of resources. (3) +14. Explain any three factors responsible for soil formation. (5) +15. Discuss anthropogenic factors of land degradati on. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +Answers +1. b. Mahatma GandhiCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +15. Discuss anthropogenic factors of land degradati on. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +Answers +1. b. Mahatma Gandhi +Explanation: Gandhiji was very vocal about his thought, he believ es that there +are enough resources to satisfy everyone’s need but not enough to work out on +everyone’s greed. Also, he believed that a greedy ind ividual and modern +technologies exploitative nature will be the root c ause for the destruction of +natural resources. +2. d. land degradation. +Explanation: Due to the implications land degradation has upon a gronomic +productivity, the environment, and its effects on foo d security. It is estimated +that up to 40% of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded. Land +degradation is caused by multiple forces, including extreme weather conditions +particularly drought, and human activities that poll ute or degrade the quality of +soils and landutility negatively affecting food pro duction, livelihoods, and theCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +particularly drought, and human activities that poll ute or degrade the quality of +soils and landutility negatively affecting food pro duction, livelihoods, and the +production and provision of other ecosystem goods a nd services. +3. c. Black soil +Explanation: Black soil is also called Regur soil. It is black i n colour and ideal +for growing cotton. This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region +spread over North-West Deccan plateau and is made u p of lava flows. +4. d. 43% +Explanation: India has land under a variety of relief features, n amely; +mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. About 43 per cent of the land area is +plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry. India fortunate in +possessing one of the world's most extensive and fe rtile plains, approximately +2500 km from the Sutlej in the west to the Brahmapu tra in the east made up of +alluvial soil brought down in the form of fine silt by the mighty rivers. TheseCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +2500 km from the Sutlej in the west to the Brahmapu tra in the east made up of +alluvial soil brought down in the form of fine silt by the mighty rivers. These +Great Northern Plains consist of the Indus basin, th e Ganga-Brahmaputra basin +and the tributaries of these mighty river systems. The bulk of the Indus basinfalls within Pakistan but a part of it is shared by Punjab and Haryana. The +Ganga Brahmaputra basin is larger of the two and co vers a large number of +states in northern India. +5. b. all of these +Explanation: Resources are vital for any developmental activity. But +irrational consumption and overutilisation of resou rces may lead to socio- +economic and environmental problems. +Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such +as, global warming, ozone layer depletion, environment al pollution and land +degradation. +6. The Deccan trap region spread over northwest Dec can plateau is known as Basalt +region.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +as, global warming, ozone layer depletion, environment al pollution and land +degradation. +6. The Deccan trap region spread over northwest Dec can plateau is known as Basalt +region. +7. Technical and economic development has led to mo re consumption of resources in +the following ways: +i. It provides equipment which increases production that leads to the consumption +of more resources. With the development of technolo gy, goods become obsolete +very fast. Latest goods need more resources. +ii. Economic development has led to urbanisation an d industrialisation which need +more resources. +8. The full form of UNCED is United Nations Confere nce on Environment and +Development. +9. The running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels, called gullies. +It can be in the form of a ditch or a small valley. +10. Sustainable economic development means 'develop ment should take place without +damaging the environment' and development in the pr esent should not compromiseCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +10. Sustainable economic development means 'develop ment should take place without +damaging the environment' and development in the pr esent should not compromise +with the needs of the future generations. +We can eradicate irrational consumption and over-ut ilisation of resources: +i. By conserving of resources. +ii. By preserving resources for our future generati on.iii. By proper management. +11. i. Current fallow land : Land which is left uncultivated for one or less t han one +agricultural year. +ii. Other than current fallow land: Land which is left uncultivated for past 1 to 5 +agricultural years. +iii. Culturable waste land: Land which is left uncultivated for more than 5 +agricultural years. This land was used in the past but has been abandoned for +some reason. +12. Differences between khadar and bangar: +Khadar soils Bangar soils +(a) On the basis of age, these are old alluvial +soils.(a) On the basis of age, these are old +alluvial soils.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +some reason. +12. Differences between khadar and bangar: +Khadar soils Bangar soils +(a) On the basis of age, these are old alluvial +soils.(a) On the basis of age, these are old +alluvial soils. +(b) These soils are fine and fertile.(b) These soils are coarse and less +fertile than Khadar soils. +(c) They are found in the lower reaches of +river valleys.(c) They are found in the upper +reaches river valleys. +(d) Khadar located near the river bed.(d) Bhangar is little away from the +river bed +(e) Khadar deposits are not stable since the +soil always mixes with water.(e) Bhangar deposits are stable. +It is found in the northern plains beginning from P unjab to West Bengal and Assam. +13. Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern ab out resource conservation. According +to him, 'there is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed'. He placed +the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology asCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +to him, 'there is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed'. He placed +the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as +the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. He was against mass +production and wanted to replace it with the produc tion by the masses. +14. i. Parent material: This refers to the mineral material or organic material from +which the soil is formed. Soils will carry the char acteristics of its parent materialsuch as color, texture, structure, mineral composition and so on. For example, if +soils are formed from an area with large rocks (par ent rocks) of red sandstone, the +soils will also be red in color and have the same f eel as its parent material. +ii. Time: Soils can take many years to form. Younger soils have some characteristics +from their parent material, but as they age, the addi tion of organic matter, +exposure to moisture and other environmental factor s may change its features.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +from their parent material, but as they age, the addi tion of organic matter, +exposure to moisture and other environmental factor s may change its features. +With time, they settle and are buried deeper below t he surface, taking time to +transform. Eventually, they may change from one soil type to another. +iii. Climate: This is probably the most important f actor that can shape the formation +of soils. Two important climatic components, tempera ture and precipitation are +key. They determine how quickly weathering will be, and what kind of organic +materials may be available on and inside of the soi ls. +15. The human activities responsible for land degra dation in India are: +i. Deforestation due to mining activities in Jharkh and, Chhattisgarh, Madhya +Pradesh and Odisha have caused severe land degradat ion. Mining sites are +abandoned after excavation work is completed, leavin g deep scars. +ii. Mineral processing like grinding of limestone f or cement industry as well asCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +abandoned after excavation work is completed, leavin g deep scars. +ii. Mineral processing like grinding of limestone f or cement industry as well as +calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantities of dust which +falls down on land. This retards the process of inf iltration of water into the soil. +iii. Effluents as waste from industries have become a major source of land and water +pollution in many parts of the country. +iv. Over-irrigation in Punjab, Haryana and Western U ttar Pradesh are responsible for +land degradation due to waterlogging, leading to inc rease in salinity and alkalinity +in the soil. +v. Over-grazing: The animals damage the soil surfac e by eating the vegetation and +either digging into wet soil or compacting dry soil with their hooves. This can +prevent grass growing and slow down the percolation of water through the soil. +Soils with less vegetation become exposed, drier and prone to further erosion byCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +prevent grass growing and slow down the percolation of water through the soil. +Soils with less vegetation become exposed, drier and prone to further erosion by +the wind and rain. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh and +Maharashtra overgrazing are one of the main reasons for land degradation.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +1. Resource planning is a complex process which inv olves: (1) +a. all of these +b. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appro priate technology, skill and +institutional set up for implementing resource deve lopment plans. +c. Matching the resource development plans with ove rall national development +plans. +d. identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. +2. Resources which are found in a region but have n ot been utilized are termed as: (1) +a. reserved resources. +b. developed resources +c. stock resources +d. Potential resources +3. Which of the following states does not have late rite soil? (1) +a. north eastern states +b. hilly areas of Odisha and Assam +c. Karnataka and Kerala +d. Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh +4. Which relief feature of India constitutes 30% of the total surface area of country? (1) +a. desert +b. plain +c. plateau +d. mountainCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +c. Karnataka and Kerala +d. Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh +4. Which relief feature of India constitutes 30% of the total surface area of country? (1) +a. desert +b. plain +c. plateau +d. mountain +5. What are shelter belts? (1) +a. Rows of trees to control sun lightb. Planting lines of trees for getting air. +c. Planting lines of trees to increase erosion. +d. Rows of trees to control erosion. +6. What led the imperial powers to exploit the rich resources of the colonies? (1) +7. Name three states having black soil. (1) +8. Even though Rajasthan is arid, but has some speci fic potential. What is that? (1) +9. Which regions of India have well-developed terra ce farming? (1) +10. What do you mean by land use pattern? Name the f actors that determine the use of +land. (1) +11. Suggest any three methods of soil conservation suitable to Indian conditions. (1) +12. Why do we need to conserve resources? (3)CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +land. (1) +11. Suggest any three methods of soil conservation suitable to Indian conditions. (1) +12. Why do we need to conserve resources? (3) +13. What is a resource? Explain the importance of co nservation of resources. (3) +14. Give the importance of soil. Explain any three factors responsible for soil +formation. (5) +15. Classify resources on the basis of ownership wi th example. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +Answers +1. a. all of these +Explanation: Resource planning is the judicious use of resources . Resource +planning becomes more important in a country like I ndia, where resources are +not distributed properly. Resources can contribute in proper development only +with a good planning keeping the technology, skills and institution in mind. +Resource Planning in India is one of the most impor tant goals right from its first +Five Years Plan. Resource planning is a complex proc ess which involves:CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Resource Planning in India is one of the most impor tant goals right from its first +Five Years Plan. Resource planning is a complex proc ess which involves: +i. identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. +This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative +estimation and measurement of the resources. +ii. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appr opriate technology, skill +and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. +iii. Matching the resource development plans with o verall national +development plans. +2. d. Potential resources +Explanation: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been +utilised due to lack of capital or other reasons li ke non conventional sources of +energy such as solar, wind and tidal, and geothermal energy. For example, the +western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and G ujarat have enormousCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +energy such as solar, wind and tidal, and geothermal energy. For example, the +western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and G ujarat have enormous +potential for the development of wind and solar ene rgy, but so far these have +not been developed properly. +3. a. north eastern states +Explanation: Laterite soils are suitable for cultivation with ad equate doses of +manures and fertilizers. These soils are mainly fou nd in Karnataka, Kerala, +Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Od isha and Assam. In +north-eastern region different types of soil groups are found depending on +physiography and climate. In plains region a soil i s broadly alluvial incharacter. The new alluvial soil are mostly found i n the riparian tracts of the +valley and are subject to annual floods and renewal . They are suitable for the +cultivation of rice, jute, pulses, mustard, potato and vegetables. The new alluvialCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +valley and are subject to annual floods and renewal . They are suitable for the +cultivation of rice, jute, pulses, mustard, potato and vegetables. The new alluvial +sails are less acidic and are often neutral and eve n alkaline to slightly alkaline. +The old alluvial soils are found above the annual f lood level and are more +acidic. The acidic character of these soils makes t hem suitable for tea plantation +as well as for sugarcane, fruits, rice and vegetables . The flat land in the plains of +Tripura and Cachar is although consisting of sand, s ilt and clay in different +proportions. +4. d. mountain +Explanation: India has land under a variety of relief features, n amely; +mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. Mountains ac count for 30 per cent of +the total surface area of the country and ensure pe rennial flow of some rivers, +provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspec ts. India is home to some of +the tallest and gallant mountain ranges in the worl d. These ranges come withCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspec ts. India is home to some of +the tallest and gallant mountain ranges in the worl d. These ranges come with +some of the most attractive sceneries and ecosystem s in the world. The +diversified altitudes and ranges feature a wide ran ge of flora and fauna. +5. d. Rows of trees to control erosion. +Explanation: Shelter belt is a wide range of trees, shrubs and gr asses planted +in rows which go right across the land at right ang les to the direction or the +prevailing to defect in movement to reduce wind. Th ese shelter belts have +contributed significantly to the stabilisation of s and dunes and in stabilising the +desert in western India. +6. Their high level of technological development le d to the exploitation of resources of +the colonies. Resources can contribute to developme nt only when they are +accompanied by appropriate technological developmen t and institutional changes.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +the colonies. Resources can contribute to developme nt only when they are +accompanied by appropriate technological developmen t and institutional changes. +7. Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh are the t hree important states were soils +are black. +8. Rajasthan has huge potential for solar and wind energy. The availability of solar +energy in Rajasthan is 6 to 7 kw/km2 which gives th e potential of 10000MW solar +energy commercial production.9. Western and central Himalayas have well develope d terrace farming. They restrict +soil erosion. +10. Land use pattern refers to the way the land is utilised. Land can be utilized for +various purposes, such as cultivation, grazing of ani mals, mining and construction of +roads is called land use pattern. +Factors that determine the use of land are: +a. Physical factors +i. topography +ii. climate +iii. soil type and its fertility. +b. Human factors +i. population density +ii. technological capability +iii. culture and traditionsCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a. Physical factors +i. topography +ii. climate +iii. soil type and its fertility. +b. Human factors +i. population density +ii. technological capability +iii. culture and traditions +iv. Legislation and government policies. +11. Methods of Soil Conservation: +i. Construction of terraces farming--Terracing and contour bunding which divides +the hill slope into numerous small slopes, checks th e flow of water, promotes +absorption of water by soil and saves soil from ero sion. +ii. Afforestation--The best way to conserve soil is to increase area under forests. +Indiscriminate felling of trees should be stopped a nd efforts should be made to +plant trees in new areas. +iii. Control of overgrazing--Overgrazing of forests and grasslands by animals, +especially by goats and sheep, should be properly ch ecked. +iv. Constructing dams--Much of the soil erosion by river floods can be avoided by +constructing dams across the rivers. This checks th e speed of water and saves soil +from erosion.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iv. Constructing dams--Much of the soil erosion by river floods can be avoided by +constructing dams across the rivers. This checks th e speed of water and saves soil +from erosion. +12. i. The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any +region. +ii. Resources are vital for any developmental activ ity. +iii. But irrational consumption and over utilisatio n of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. +iv. To overcome these problems, resource conservatio n at various levels is important. +v. If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries +continue, the future of our planet is in danger. +Therefore, we need to conserve resources for sustain able existence of all forms of +life. +13. Everything available in our environment which c an be used to satisfy our needs, +provided, is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturallyCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +life. +13. Everything available in our environment which c an be used to satisfy our needs, +provided, is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally +acceptable can be called a resource. Conservation o f resources is necessary because of +the following reasons: +i. Resources are vital for any developmental activi ty but irrational consumption and +overutilisation of resources may lead to socio-econ omic and environmental +problems. To overcome these problems, resource conse rvation at various levels is +important. +ii. It is very important to conserve the resources because if resources are not +conserved at this point in time, then our future gen erations will be left with no +resources at all. +iii. Conservation is judicious and careful manageme nt of resources by man as +improper and overuse can deplete them leading to ma ny ecological problems. +iv. Conservation of resources is important because we want to make sure we canCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +improper and overuse can deplete them leading to ma ny ecological problems. +iv. Conservation of resources is important because we want to make sure we can +keep those resources available for as long as possi ble and have as much use for +them as possible. +14. Soil is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms, +including animals and human beings, by providing the m with food for their survival. +Human existence and settlement are determined by so il fertility as it determines +agricultural productivity of an area. Soil determin es the natural vegetation and type +of crop production of an area. It also influences t he land use of an area. Areas of +fertile soil are agriculturally productive and dens ely populated. It is one of the most +important renewable natural resources. +The three most important factors of soil formation are:CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +fertile soil are agriculturally productive and dens ely populated. It is one of the most +important renewable natural resources. +The three most important factors of soil formation are: +i. Nature of parent rock influences the colour and texture of the soil. The mineralcontent of the soil also depends on the parent rock from which it is formed. For +example, if soils are formed from an area with large rocks (parent rocks) of red +sandstone, the soils will also be red in colour and have the same feel as its parent +material. +ii. Climate influences the rate and types of weathe ring and erosion of the rocks. +Weathering of the parent rocks due to climatic fact ors and natural forces lead to +the disintegration of rocks which leads to the form ation of soil. Moisture +determines the chemical and biological reactions th at will occur as the soils are +formed. A warmer climate with more rainfall means m ore vegetative cover andCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +determines the chemical and biological reactions th at will occur as the soils are +formed. A warmer climate with more rainfall means m ore vegetative cover and +more animal action. It also means more runoff, more percolation and more water +erosion. They all help to determine the kind of soi ls in an area. +iii. Time determines the maturity of the soil. The soil is a living system. It takes +millions of years to form soil to a few cms in dept h. +15. On the basis of ownership, there are four kinds of resources: +i. Individual resources : These are owned privately by individuals. Many fa rmers +own land which are allotted to them by government a gainst the payment of +revenue. People own plots, houses and other property . +ii. Community owned Resources : There are resources which are accessible to all t he +members of the community. Village commons, public pa rks, burial ground, +playgrounds in urban areas are de facto accessible to all the people living there.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +members of the community. Village commons, public pa rks, burial ground, +playgrounds in urban areas are de facto accessible to all the people living there. +iii. National resources : All the resources belong to the nation. The count ry has legal +power to acquire even private property for public g ood. We have seen roads, +canals, railways being constructed on fields owned b y some individuals. Urban +Development Authorities get empowered by the govern ment to acquire land. +iv. International resources : There are international institutions which regula te some +resources. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of t he exclusive Economic Zone +belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilize these without the +concurrence of international institutions.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +1. Richard M. Hoe belonged to which of the followin g country? (1) +a. USA +b. England +c. China +d. Brazil +2. How many copies of the Gutenberg's printed bible have survived? (1) +a. 25 +b. 75 +c. 50 +d. 100 +3. Who among the following were scared of print? (1) +a. Printers and Publishers +b. Students +c. Religious authorities and monarchs +d. Common Men - including peasants, workers, poor wom en etc. +4. Who wrote ninety five theses? (1) +a. Gutenberg +b. Martin Luther +c. Utamaro +d. Erasmus +5. Who among the following repealed the vernacular press act (1) +i. Lytton +ii. Mayo +iii. Riponiv. Canning +6. What was Battala? (1) +7. Who brought the printing press first to Goa? (1) +8. In which language manuscript of Rigveda was prod uced in the eighteenth +century? (1) +9. Name the country where civil services examinatio n was conducted by the imperial +state. (1)CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +8. In which language manuscript of Rigveda was prod uced in the eighteenth +century? (1) +9. Name the country where civil services examinatio n was conducted by the imperial +state. (1) +10. Why did the production of handwritten manuscrip ts not satisfy the demand for +books? (3) +11. Who was Martin Luther? What was his contribution to the Protestant +Reformation? (3) +12. Explain the new visual culture in print which d eveloped in the nineteenth +century. (3) +13. Who was Menocchio? Why and how did he face the w rath of the Roman Catholic +Church? (3) +14. Who was Gutenberg? How did he invent the printin g press? How did his invention +bring a revolution in the field of printing ideas? (5) +15. Examine the reasons for a virtual reading mania in Europe in the 18th century? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +Answers +1. a. USA +Explanation: Richard M. Hoe, the inventor of power driven cylinde rical pressCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +Answers +1. a. USA +Explanation: Richard M. Hoe, the inventor of power driven cylinde rical press +was the citizen of USA. The main feature of his pre ss was that it was capable of +printing 8000 sheets per hour. +2. c. 50 +Explanation: Gutenberg printed about 180 copies in 1448 however only 50 +copies have survived. +3. c. Religious authorities and monarchs +Explanation: Religious authorities and monarchs feared that if t here was no +control over what was printed and circulated then r ebellious or irreligious +thoughts might spread.Under such circumstances, the authority of the 'valuable' +literature would be destroyed. +4. b. Martin Luther +Explanation: Ninety five theses was written by Martin Luther in which he +criticised many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. +5. c. Ripon +Explanation: Ripon was the viceroy of British India from 1880-84 . He a liberalCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +criticised many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. +5. c. Ripon +Explanation: Ripon was the viceroy of British India from 1880-84 . He a liberal +person who sympathized with Indians. He was the one who repealed the +Vernacular press act of 1878. +6. In central Calcutta, Battala was an area which wa s used to print popular books. +7. The first printing press was brought to Goa by t he Portuguese missionaries in the mid- +sixteenth century. +8. The manuscript of Rigveda was produced in Malaya lam language in the eighteenth +century.9. China conducted civil services examination throu gh imperial state. +10. The Manuscript is the original copy of a play, b ook or music before it has been +printed. It is written by hand or typed. The ever-i ncreasing demand for books could +not be satisfied by the production of handwritten m anuscripts because of the +following reasons: +Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle and coul d not be carried around +or read easily.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +not be satisfied by the production of handwritten m anuscripts because of the +following reasons: +Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle and coul d not be carried around +or read easily. +Production of handwritten manuscripts was tiresome work. +Copying was time-consuming, high priced and painful. +11. Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a German monk, pri est and professor of theology. In +the following way, his writings brought reforms in r eligious field +i. Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticizi ng the practices and rituals of the +Roman Catholic Church. +ii. These were reproduced in large numbers and read by a large number of people. +iii. This led to the division within the church int o Catholics and Protestants. +iv. This print brought about a new intellectual atm osphere, which helped in the +spread of new ideas. This also paved the way for th e reformation in the practices +of the church. +v. The message in the Bible began to be reinterpret ed.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +spread of new ideas. This also paved the way for th e reformation in the practices +of the church. +v. The message in the Bible began to be reinterpret ed. +vi. Print encouraged people to think reasonably and question the customs followed in +the Church, which enraged the Roman Catholics. +12. The nineteenth century saw the new visual cultu re taking shape. It was because of the +following developments: +i. With the setting up of an increasing number of p rinting presses, visual images +could be easily reproduced in multiple copies. +ii. Painters like Raja Ravi Varma used print cultur e to produce images for mass +circulation. Wood improvers began to be employed in print houses for making +woodblocks. +iii. People good at funny sketching developed carto ons and caricatures commenting +on social and political issues. Some openly critici zed imperial rule, western tastesand clothes which attracted large masses.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +on social and political issues. Some openly critici zed imperial rule, western tastesand clothes which attracted large masses. +iv. Cheap prints and calendars were easily availabl e in the bazaar. By the 1870s, +caricatures and cartoons were also being published in journals and newspapers +commenting on social and political issues. +13. i. Menocchio was an Italian miller. +ii. In the sixteenth century, Menocchio began to rea d books that were available in his +locality. +iii. Menocchio reinterpreted the message of the Bib le and formulated a view of God +and Creation enraging the Roman Catholic Church. +iv. When the Roman Church began its inquisition to repress heretical ideas, +Menocchio was hauled up twice and ultimately execut ed. +14. Johann Gutenberg: He was a German goldsmith who is credited with the invention +of the printing press. Having spent most of his chi ldhood on a large agricultural +estate, Gutenberg saw wine and olive presses. By and large, he learnt the art ofCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +of the printing press. Having spent most of his chi ldhood on a large agricultural +estate, Gutenberg saw wine and olive presses. By and large, he learnt the art of +polishing stones and acquired expertise in creating lead moulds. Using this +knowledge, he adopted the existing technology to des ign his innovation. The olive +press became the base model for the printing press and moulds were used for casting +metal types for the alphabet. By 1448, he had perfec ted this system, which led to the +development of printing technology. Bible was the f irst book printed by him. +His invention bought a revolution in the field of p rinting ideas in the following ways: +i. In the hundred years between 1450 and 1550, print ing presses were set in almost +all countries of Europe. As the printing presses gr ew, the production of books +increased. It transformed the lives of the people b y giving more information and +knowledge.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +all countries of Europe. As the printing presses gr ew, the production of books +increased. It transformed the lives of the people b y giving more information and +knowledge. +ii. It was believed that books were a source of pro gress and enlightenment. The +writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques Rousseau +were widely read. +iii. Many scholars believe that print helped to spr ead ideas, which led to reformation +movements. Many historians believe that print cultu re created conditions within +which the French Revolution occurred. +15. The following were the reasons for a virtual re ading mania in Europe in the 18thcentury. +i. Through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries , literacy rates went up in most +parts of Europe. Churches of different denomination s set up schools in villages, +carrying literacy to peasants and artisans. By the end of the eighteenth century, in +some parts of Europe, literacy rates were as high as 60 to 80 per cent.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +carrying literacy to peasants and artisans. By the end of the eighteenth century, in +some parts of Europe, literacy rates were as high as 60 to 80 per cent. +ii. New forms of popular literature appeared in pri nt targeting new audiences. There +were almanacks or ritual calendars, along with balla ds and folk-tales. In England, +penny chapbooks were sold for a penny so that even the poor could buy them. In +France, there were Bibliotheque Bleue, which were low priced books. +iii. People believed that books were the means to s pread knowledge. The periodical +press combined information about current affairs wi th entertainment. +Newspapers and journals carried information about w ars and trade, as well as +news of developments in other places. +iv. Scientists like Issac Newton could influence a large circle of people. The writings +of Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques Rousseau were widely read. Their idea +of reason and rationality was popular among the peo ple.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +1. Which of the following is an extinct species? (1) +a. Nicobar pigeon +b. Blue sheep +c. Pink head duck +d. Wild Asiatic buffalo +2. Which of the following states has the largest ar ea under permanent forests? (1) +a. Madhya Pradesh +b. West Bengal +c. Manipur +d. Assam +3. Which of the following is not a major factor res ponsible for deforestation in +India? (1) +a. Agricultural expansion +b. Colonial period +c. Large scale development projects +d. Adivasis +4. The species whose population has declined to lev els from where it is likely to move +into the endangered category in the near feature if the negative factors continue to +operate. (1) +a. Endangered species +b. Vulnerable species +c. Rare species +d. Normal species +5. What is IUCN? (1)a. International Union for Conservation of Nature a nd Natural Resources. +b. Indian Union for Conservation of Nature and Natu ral Resources.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +c. Rare species +d. Normal species +5. What is IUCN? (1)a. International Union for Conservation of Nature a nd Natural Resources. +b. Indian Union for Conservation of Nature and Natu ral Resources. +c. International Union for Conservation of Nature a nd man made resources. +d. International Union for Conservation of Nature. +6. Which state has the largest area under permanent forests? (1) +7. Name any four vulnerable species. (1) +8. When and in which state was the programme of joi nt forest management first +adopted? (1) +9. Name any four rare species. (1) +10. Why conservation projects are now focussing on biodiversity? (3) +11. Give any three methods of forest conservation a dopted by the government after +independence. (3) +12. What is enrichment plantation? How is it harmful for natural habitat? Explain with +example. (3) +13. What are biosphere reserves? (3) +14. Distinguish between Reserved forests, Protected forests and Unclassed forests. (5)CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +example. (3) +13. What are biosphere reserves? (3) +14. Distinguish between Reserved forests, Protected forests and Unclassed forests. (5) +15. What steps have been taken by the government fo r the conservation of forest and +wildlife in India? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +Answers +1. c. Pink head duck +Explanation: Pink head duck is an extinct species. +2. a. Madhya Pradesh +Explanation: Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanen t forests. +3. d. Adivasis +Explanation: Adivasis is not a major factor responsible for def orestation in +India. +4. b. Vulnerable species +Explanation: Vulnerable species: The species whose population h as declined +to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the +near feature if the negative factors continue to op erate. +5. a. International Union for Conservation of Natur e and Natural Resources.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +near feature if the negative factors continue to op erate. +5. a. International Union for Conservation of Natur e and Natural Resources. +Explanation: IUCN stands for International Union for Conservati on of Nature +and Natural Resources. It is an international organ ization working in the field +of nature conservation and sustainable use of natur al resources. +6. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under perman ent forests. +7. Blue Sheep, Asiatic Elephant, Gangetic Dolphin. +8. In 1988, in Odisha the programme of joint forest management was first adopted. +9. Himalayan Brown Bear, Wild Asiatic Buffalo, desert Fox and Hornbill. +10. i. This entire habitat that we live in has imme nse biodiversity. +ii. The conservation projects are now focussing on biodiversity rather than on a few +of its components. +iii. There is now a more intensive search for diffe rent conservation measures.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +ii. The conservation projects are now focussing on biodiversity rather than on a few +of its components. +iii. There is now a more intensive search for diffe rent conservation measures. +Increasingly, even insects are beginning to find a p lace in conservation planning.iv. In the notification under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred +butterflies, moths, beetles and one dragonfly have be en added to the list of +protected species. +v. In 1991, for the first time plants were also adde d to the list starting with six +species. +11. Three methods of forest conservation adopted by the government after independence +are: +i. The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implement ed in 1972 with aim to protect +wildlife. +ii. Government established national parks, biosphere reserves and wildlife +sanctuaries. +iii. The central government announced several proje cts for protecting specific +animals - Project Tiger.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +ii. Government established national parks, biosphere reserves and wildlife +sanctuaries. +iii. The central government announced several proje cts for protecting specific +animals - Project Tiger. +12. Enrichment plantation : Some of our environmental activists say that the promotion of +a few favoured species, in many parts of India, has b een carried through the +ironically-termed “enrichment plantation”, in which a single commercially valuable +species was extensively planted and other species e liminated. +It harmful for natural habitat since other species are eliminated. For instance, teak +monoculture has damaged the natural forests of Sout h India and Chir Pine (Pinus +roxburghii) plantation in Himalayas has replaced th e Himalayan Oak (Quercus spp.) +and Rhododendron forests. +13. Biosphere reserves are multipurpose protected a reas created to deal with the issue of +conservation of bio-diversity and sustainable use.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +and Rhododendron forests. +13. Biosphere reserves are multipurpose protected a reas created to deal with the issue of +conservation of bio-diversity and sustainable use. +i. In a biosphere reserves, local communities, manage ment agencies, scientists, +cultural groups and non government agencies work to gether to manage and +substantially develop the area resources. +ii. Here even agricultural activities are allowed t o the local communities and +bonafide employment is provided to them. +iii. Tourism is also allowed to boost revenue. +14. Reserved Forests Protected +ForestsUnclassed Forests +(i)They are permanently +earmarked either for +production or other forest +produce.They are +protected from +any further +depletion.They consist of +inaccessible forests or +wastelands. +(ii)More than half of the total +forest land has been declared +as reserved forest and are +regarded as valuable as far as +conservation and wildlife is +concerned.Almost one-third +of the total forest +area is protectedCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +forest land has been declared +as reserved forest and are +regarded as valuable as far as +conservation and wildlife is +concerned.Almost one-third +of the total forest +area is protected +forest, as declared +by the Forest +DepartmentThese consist of only 16% +of the total forest areas. +(iii)They are controlled by the +government.They are +controlled by the +government.They are owned by the +government and private +individuals. +(iv)The forests of Jammu and +Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, +Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamil +Nadu, West Bengal, and +Maharastra have large +percentages of reserved +forests of its total forest.Bihar, Haryana, +Punjab, Himachal +Pradesh, Orissa, +and Rajasthan +have a bulk of it +under protected +forests.The forests of north- +eastern states and parts of +Gujarat have a very high +percentage of their forests +as unclassed forests +managed by local +communities. +15. Forest have an intricate interrelationship with life and environment. Hence,CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +Gujarat have a very high +percentage of their forests +as unclassed forests +managed by local +communities. +15. Forest have an intricate interrelationship with life and environment. Hence, +conversation of forest is important to survival and prosperity of humankind. In the +1960s and 1970s, conservationists demanded a nationa l wildlife protection +programme. +Steps were taken by the Government for the conserva tion of forest and wildlife in +India: +i. National parks, biosphere and wildlife sanctuaries: To protect the +biodiversity, the Indian government has established 92 national parks, 500sanctuaries and 14 biosphere reserves. +ii. The Indian Wildlife Protection Act: The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was +implemented in 1972, with various provisions for pro tecting habitats. The thrust +of the programme was towards protecting the remaini ng population of certain +endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats +and restricting trade in wildlife.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +of the programme was towards protecting the remaini ng population of certain +endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats +and restricting trade in wildlife. +iii. Projects for protecting specific animals: The central government has also +announced several projects for protecting specific animals which were gravely +threatened, including the tiger, the one-homed rhinoc eros, the Kashmir stag or +hangul, the three types of crocodiles - the freshwat er crocodile, the saltwater +crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion, and othe rs. Most recently, the Indian +elephant, black buck, the great Indian bustard and th e snow leopard have given +partial or full legal protection against hunting. +iv. Forest Policy: India is one of the few countries which has a fore st policy since +1894. It was revised in 1952 and again in 1988. The main plank of the forest policy +is protection, conservation and development of fores ts.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +1. The species which are in danger of extinction __ _______. (1) +a. Vulnerable species +b. Endangered species +c. Normal species +d. Rare species +2. Species whose population levels are considered t o be normal for their survival are +classified as_______. (1) +a. Endangered species +b. Normal species +c. Vulnerable species +d. Rare species +3. Species of animals of a particular region or per iod are referred as________. (1) +a. Ecosystem +b. Biodiversity +c. Fauna +d. Flora +4. What is JFM? (1) +a. Judicial Forest Management +b. Junior Forest Manager +c. Joint Forest Management +d. Joint Forest Means. +5. Which of the following are regarded as the most valuable forest? (1) +a. Open forest +b. Unclassed forestc. Protected forest +d. Reserved forest +6. Name any the states which have the largest area under permanent forests. (1)CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a. Open forest +b. Unclassed forestc. Protected forest +d. Reserved forest +6. Name any the states which have the largest area under permanent forests. (1) +7. Which species of India’s flora and fauna are on t he verge of extinction? (1) +8. What is the approximate number of species of ani mals found in India? (1) +9. Name any four extinct species. (1) +10. How is afforestation helpful in maintaining eco logical balance? (3) +11. How does deforestation affect ecosystem? Give tw o reasons. (3) +12. 'India’s environment is at great risk'. Justify this statement. (3) +13. What are the three types of forests as identifi ed by forest department? (3) +14. Which good practices are exercised to conserve forests and wildlife? (5) +15. What are the steps taken by the government to c onserve flora and fauna of the +country? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +Answers +1. b. Endangered speciesCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +country? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +Answers +1. b. Endangered species +Explanation: The species which are in danger of extinction Enda ngered +species. +2. b. Normal species +Explanation: Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for +their survival are classified as Normal species. +3. c. Fauna +Explanation: Species of animals of a particular region or perio d are referred +to as Fauna +4. c. Joint Forest Management +Explanation: Joint Forest Management. It is the official and po pular term in +India for partnerships in forest movement involving both the state forest +departments and local communities. +5. d. Reserved forest +Explanation: Reserved forest are regarded as the most valuable forest. +6. The states which have the largest area under per manent forests are: +i. Madhya Pradesh. +ii. Jharkhand. +7. Among the animals, the Cheetah, Pink-Headed Duck, M ountain Quail, Forest SpottedCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +6. The states which have the largest area under per manent forests are: +i. Madhya Pradesh. +ii. Jharkhand. +7. Among the animals, the Cheetah, Pink-Headed Duck, M ountain Quail, Forest Spotted +Owl etc. And among the plants, wild variety of Mahua (Madhuca Insignias), a wild +species of grass (Hepaneuron) is on the threatened list. +8. About 81,000 species of animals are found in Indi a. +9. Four extinct species are Asiatic Cheetah, Pink-He aded Duck, Mountain Quail, Forest +Spotted Owl10. Afforestation plays a major role in enhancing t he quality of environment. It is helpful +in maintaining ecological balance as they modify lo cal climate. +i. They influence air temperature and reduce wind f orces. +ii. Afforestation helps in controlling soil erosion . +iii. It provides natural environment for wild life. +iv. Afforestation helps in enhancing the quality of rainfall. +11. Deforestation or cutting of trees affecting the ecosystem in many ways. It is +responsible for climatic change.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iv. Afforestation helps in enhancing the quality of rainfall. +11. Deforestation or cutting of trees affecting the ecosystem in many ways. It is +responsible for climatic change. +i. It accelerates soil erosion and affects undergro und flow of water deforestation. +ii. Depletion of forests leads to disappearance of wildlife as well as many wild +varieties of plants. +12. 'India’s environment is at great risk', because o f the following reasons: +i. Over half of India’s natural forests are gone, one -third of its wetlands drained out. +ii. Nearly 70 per cent of its surface water bodies are polluted and 40 per cent of its +mangroves eliminated. +iii. Hunting and trade of wild animals and commerci ally valuable plants are still +going on. +iv. As a result, thousands of plant and animal speci es are heading towards extinction. +13. Three types of forests as identified by forest department are: +i. Reserved Forests : These are the forests which are permanently earma rked forCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +13. Three types of forests as identified by forest department are: +i. Reserved Forests : These are the forests which are permanently earma rked for +production of either timber or other forest produce . +ii. Protected Forests : As the name indicates these forests are protected from further +depletion. +iii. Unclassed Forests : This consists of inaccessible forests or unoccupi ed wastes. +14. In some areas of India, local communities are st ruggling to conserve forests and +wildlife along with government officials, to secure their own livelihood. +i. The famous Chipko Movement in the Himalayas was organised which has not only +successfully resisted deforestation in several area s but has also shown thatcommunity afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful. +ii. Attempts to revive the traditional conservation methods or developing new +methods of ecological farming are new widespread.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +ii. Attempts to revive the traditional conservation methods or developing new +methods of ecological farming are new widespread. +iii. In India, Joint Forest Management (JFM) Program me furnishes as a good example +for involving local communities in the management a nd restoration of degraded +forests. +iv. Nature worship is an age-old tribal belief base d on the premise that all creations of +nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have pres erved several virgin forests in +pristine form called ‘Sacred Groves’. +v. The Central Government has announced several pro jects for protecting specific +animals, which were gravely threatened including the tiger, one-horned +Rhinoceros, etc. +15. The government has taken the following steps to conserve flora and fauna of the +country: +i. The government has implemented the Indian wildli fe protection Act in 1972, with +various provisions for protecting the habitats. +ii. An all-India list of protected species was also published. The thrust of theCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +various provisions for protecting the habitats. +ii. An all-India list of protected species was also published. The thrust of the +programme was towards protecting the remaining popu lation of certain +endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats +and restricting trade in wildlife. +iii. Central and many state governments have establ ished national parks and wildlife +sanctuaries. +iv. The central government announced several projec ts for protecting specific +animals, which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned +rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, three types o f crocodile-freshwater +crocodile, saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the A siatic lion, and others. +v. Most recently, the Indian elephant, black buck, the great Indian bustard and the +snow leopard, etc. have been under full or partial l egal protection against hunting +and trade throughout India.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +1. Which of the following statements is correct? (1) +a. Printing press increased the cost of books +b. Printing press has nothing to do with the price of books +c. Printing press reduced the cost of books +d. Printing press has kept the prices of the books constant +2. Sebastien Mercier was a/an (1) +a. Comedian +b. Editor +c. Novelist +d. Artist +3. Gagging act was the nickname name of which of th e following (1) +a. Licensing Act +b. Indian Press Act +c. Vernacular Press Act +d. Registration Act +4. Name the paper started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1) +a. The Statesman +b. Amrita Bazar Patrika +c. The Kesari +d. The Young India +5. James Hickey was persecuted by Warren Hastings b ecause (1) +a. He published against Warren Hastings +b. He killed an English official +c. He published against English queend. He published a lot of gossip about company's sen ior officials in IndiaCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +a. He published against Warren Hastings +b. He killed an English official +c. He published against English queend. He published a lot of gossip about company's sen ior officials in India +6. Which method of hand-printing was developed in C hina? (1) +7. Give two names of women authors who were angered by the treatment meted out to +widows. (1) +8. How did Governor-General William Bentinck react to the petition filed by editors of +English and vernacular newspapers? (1) +9. What were penny magazines? (1) +10. Where was the earliest kind of print technology developed? Explain with +examples. (3) +11. Explain the role played by print in bringing ab out a division in the Roman Catholic +Church. (3) +12. Explain any two steps taken by ‘Ulamas’ to defend their religion. (3) +13. The Imperial State in China, was the major produ cer of printed material. Support this +statement with examples. (3) +14. “Print led to intense controversies between soc ial and religious reformers and HinduCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +statement with examples. (3) +14. “Print led to intense controversies between soc ial and religious reformers and Hindu +orthodoxy.” Support the statement with example. (5) +15. How did Hindu religious texts benefit from prin ting? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +Answers +1. c. Printing press reduced the cost of books +Explanation: Printing press reduced the cost of books. Not only this, the time +and labour required to produce each book has come d own and multiple copies +could be produced with greater ease. +2. c. Novelist +Explanation: Mercier was a novelist who declared that printing p ress is the +most powerful engine of progress. +3. c. Vernacular Press Act +Explanation: Vernacular press act was nicknamed as Gagging Act. Its worst +feature was that it discriminated between the Engli sh press and the Vernacular +press. +4. c. The Kesari +Explanation: Kesari is a Marathi newspaper which was founded byCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +feature was that it discriminated between the Engli sh press and the Vernacular +press. +4. c. The Kesari +Explanation: Kesari is a Marathi newspaper which was founded by +Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent leader of the Indian +Independence movement. +5. d. He published a lot of gossip about company's senior officials in India +Explanation: James Hickey published a lot of advertisements incl uding those +related to import and sale of slaves. He also publi shed a lot of gossip about the +senior officials of East India Company. Warren Hast ings was enraged by this +and thus he persecuted James Hickey. +6. Woodblock printing was developed in China. +7. Women authors who were angered by the treatment meted out to widows were +Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai. They wrote with passionate anger about the +miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women, especial ly widows. +8. In 1835, Governor-General William Bentinck agreed to revise press laws because ofCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women, especial ly widows. +8. In 1835, Governor-General William Bentinck agreed to revise press laws because of +the urgent petitions by editors of English and vern acular newspapers. +9. Penny magazines were illustrated magazines publi shed by the British for the middleclasses. Penny magazines were specially meant for w omen and these were manuals +teaching proper behaviour and house-keeping. +10. i. The earliest kind of printing technology dev eloped in China, Japan and Korea. This +was a system of hand printing. +ii. From AD 594 onwards, books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the +inked surface of woodblocks. As both sides of the t hin, porous sheet could not be +printed, the traditional Chinese accordion book was folded and stitched at the +side. +iii. The imperial state in China was, for a very lon g time, the major producer of +printed material. China possessed a huge bureaucrat ic system which recruited itsCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +side. +iii. The imperial state in China was, for a very lon g time, the major producer of +printed material. China possessed a huge bureaucrat ic system which recruited its +personnel through civil services examination. +11. i. In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising +many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Cath olic Church. +ii. A printed copy of this was posted on a church d oor in Wittenberg. It challenged +the Church to debate his ideas. Luther’s writings we re immediately reproduced in +vast numbers and read widely. This lead to a divisi on within the Church and to the +beginning of the Protestant Reformation. +iii. Luther’s translation of the New Testament sold 5,000 copies within a few weeks +and a second edition appeared within three months. +iv. Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, ‘Printing i s the ultimate gift of God and the +greatest one.’ +v. Several scholars think that print brought about a new intellectual atmosphere andCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +iv. Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, ‘Printing i s the ultimate gift of God and the +greatest one.’ +v. Several scholars think that print brought about a new intellectual atmosphere and +helped spread the new ideas that led to the Reforma tion. +12. Ulamas were the legal scholars of Islam and the sharia. They feared that colonial +rulers would encourage conversion of religion to Ch ristianity. Hence they took +following steps to protect their religion: +i. They used cheap lithographic presses, published P ersian and Urdu translations of +holy scripture and printed religious newspapers and tracts. +ii. The Deoband Seminary published Fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct +themselves in their everyday lives, and explaining t he meaning of Islamic +doctrine. +13. The imperial State in China was the major produ cer of printed material because of the +following reasons:i. China possessed a huge bureaucratic system which recruited its personnel +through civil services examination.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +following reasons:i. China possessed a huge bureaucratic system which recruited its personnel +through civil services examination. +ii. Textbooks for this examination were printed in large number, under the +sponsorship of the imperial state. +iii. From the sixteenth century, the number of candi dates taking the examination +went up and that increased the volume of print. +14. i. Print led to intense controversies between s ocial and religious reformers and +Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical +priesthood and idolatry. +ii. As the debate developed tracts and newspapers p roliferated circulating a variety +of arguments in Bengal. +iii. To reach a wider audience, the ideas were print ed in the everyday spoken +language of local people. +iv. Rammohun Roy published the Sambad Kaumudi from 1821 and the Hindu +orthodoxy commissioned the Samachar Chandrika to op pose his opinions.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +language of local people. +iv. Rammohun Roy published the Sambad Kaumudi from 1821 and the Hindu +orthodoxy commissioned the Samachar Chandrika to op pose his opinions. +v. The two Persian newspapers - ‘Jam-i-Jahan Nama’ an d ‘Shamsul Akbar’ were +published in the year 1822. In the same year, a Guja rati newspaper, the Bombay +Samachar, made its appearance. +15. i. Print encouraged the reading of religious te xts, especially in the vernacular +languages. Printing brought a remarkable change in the religious texts of the +Hindus. +ii. In 1810, the first printed edition of the Ramcha ritmanas of Tulsidas, a sixteenth- +century text, came out from Calcutta. +iii. By the mid-nineteenth century, cheap lithograph ic editions flooded north Indian +markets. +iv. The Naval Kishore Press of Lucknow and Shri Ven kateshwara Press in Bombay +published numerous religious books in vernacular la nguages. +v. Printed and portable forms of such books helped the religious people to read themCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +published numerous religious books in vernacular la nguages. +v. Printed and portable forms of such books helped the religious people to read them +anywhere at any time. They could also be read out t o large groups of illiterate men +and women. +vi. Religious texts, therefore, reached a very wide c ircle of people, encouraging +discussions, debates and controversies within and am ong different religions.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +1. Which of the following are also referred as perm anent forest? (1) +a. Reserved and Open forests +b. Reserved and Protected forests +c. Unclassed and Protected forests. +d. Reserved and Unclassed forests. +2. Which of the following was the first state to pa ss resolution for Joint Forest +Management? (1) +a. Madhya Pradesh +b. Assam +c. Punjab +d. Orissa +3. India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological +diversity and has nearly_______percent of the total number of species in the world. (1) +a. 8% +b. 50% +c. 40% +d. 60% +4. The destruction of forests and wildlife is not j ust a biological issue. Which of the +following statement justify the mentioned statement ? (1) +a. There is no link between the destruction of fore st and poverty. +b. There is no link between the destruction of fore sts and the loss of cultural +diversity.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +a. There is no link between the destruction of fore st and poverty. +b. There is no link between the destruction of fore sts and the loss of cultural +diversity. +c. There is no link between the destruction of fore st and environment. +d. The loss of forests have increasingly marginalis ed and impoverished many +indigenous and other forest dependent communities.5. When was the Project Tiger launched? (1) +a. 1976 +b. 1970 +c. 1973 +d. 1979 +6. Which three species of India’s flora and fauna ar e on the verge of extinction? (1) +7. When was the Project Tiger launched? (1) +8. Name the conservation strategies which directly involve community participation? +(1) +9. What is IUCN? (1) +10. Write any three features of unclassed forests. (3) +11. Write down the features of JFM. (3) +12. What is a national park? Name any two national p arks of India. (3) +13. 'Developed countries and rich people are consid ered the major factors for +environmental degradation.' Explain. (3)CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +12. What is a national park? Name any two national p arks of India. (3) +13. 'Developed countries and rich people are consid ered the major factors for +environmental degradation.' Explain. (3) +14. What were the views of foresters and environmen talists regarding the degrading +factors behind the depletion of forest resources? (5) +15. Highlight the trees and animals which are worsh iped by Indian societies in different +parts of India? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +Answer +1. b. Reserved and Protected forests +Explanation: Reserved and Protected forests are also referred a s permanent +forest +2. d. Orissa +Explanation: Orissa was the first state to pass resolution for Joint Forest +Management +3. a. 8% +Explanation: India is one of the world’s richest countries in te rms of its vast +array of biological diversity and has nearly 8 percent of the total number of species +in the world.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +3. a. 8% +Explanation: India is one of the world’s richest countries in te rms of its vast +array of biological diversity and has nearly 8 percent of the total number of species +in the world. +4. d. The loss of forests have increasingly margina lised and impoverished many +indigenous and other forest dependent communities. +Explanation: The destruction of forests and wildlife is not jus t a biological +issue because the loss of forests have increasingly marginalised and +impoverished many indigenous and other forest-depen dent communities. +5. c. 1973 +Explanation: The Project Tiger was launched in 1973. +6. Cheetah, Pink Headed Duck and Mountain Quail are India’s flora and fauna which are +on the verge of extinction. +7. The Project Tiger was launched in 1973. +8. Joint Forest Management, Chipko Movement are the conservation strategies which +directly involve community participation. +9. The International Union for Conservation of Natu re and Natural resources is theCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +directly involve community participation. +9. The International Union for Conservation of Natu re and Natural resources is the +world’s oldest and largest organization, working in t he field of nature conservation +and sustainable use of natural resources. +10. Three features of unclassed forests are: +i. They consists of inaccessible forests or unoccup ied wastes.ii. They belong to both government and private indi viduals and communities. +iii. These are mostly found in the North-eastern st ates and parts of Gujarat where +these are managed by the local communities. +11. i. In India Joint Forest Management (JMF) progr amme furnishes a good example for +involving local communities in the management and r estoration of degraded +forests. +ii. The programme has been in formal existence sinc e 1988 when the state of Orissa +passed the first resolution for joint forest manage ment. +iii. JFM depends on the formation of local (village ) institutions that undertakeCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +passed the first resolution for joint forest manage ment. +iii. JFM depends on the formation of local (village ) institutions that undertake +protection activities mostly on degraded forest lan d managed by the forest +department. +iv. In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits +like non-timber forest produces and share in the ti mber harvested by successful +protection. +12. A national park is relatively a large area wher e several ecosystems exist freely and +are not disturbed materially by human exploitation and occupation. There the plants +and animal species, aesthetic sites and habitats are of special scientific, educational +and recreational interest. +There are 89 national parks in the country. +The Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand and Dudwa National Park in U.P. +13. Developed countries consume more resources than underdeveloped or developing +countries. For example - an average American consum es 40 times more resourcesCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +13. Developed countries consume more resources than underdeveloped or developing +countries. For example - an average American consum es 40 times more resources +than an average Somalian. The rich class probably c auses more ecological damage +than the poor class because energy consumption leve l of the rich is high as compared +to poor. Rich people use non-renewable resources at large scale but poor people are +mostly dependent upon natural resources. +14. The views of foresters and environmentalists re garding the degrading factors behind +the depletion of forest resources are: +i. Many foresters and environmentalists hold the vi ew that the greatest degrading +factors behind the depletion of forests resources a re grazing and fuelwood +collection.ii. Though there may be some substance in their arg ument, yet, the fact remain that a +substantial part of the fodder demand is met by lop ping rather than by felling +entire trees.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +collection.ii. Though there may be some substance in their arg ument, yet, the fact remain that a +substantial part of the fodder demand is met by lop ping rather than by felling +entire trees. +iii. The forest ecosystems are repositories of some of the country’s most valuable +forest products, minerals and other resources that m eet the demands of the +rapidly expanding industrial-urban economy. +iv. These protected areas, thus mean different thing s to different people, and therein +lays the fertile ground for conflicts. +15. There are several trees and animals which are c onsidered sacred and are worshiped +by Indian societies in different parts of India. +i. The Mundas and the Santhals of Chhota Nagpur reg ion worship the mahua and +kadamba tree. +ii. The tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the tam arind and mango trees during +auspicious accessions such as weddings. +iii. The peepal and banyan tree are considered sacr ed all over the country.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +ii. The tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the tam arind and mango trees during +auspicious accessions such as weddings. +iii. The peepal and banyan tree are considered sacr ed all over the country. +iv. Certain animals such as macaques and langurs ar e treated as a part of temple +devotees. +v. In Rajasthan nilgai, peacock and chinkara are an important part of the community +and no one can think of harming them.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +1. In _______________ , a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers have +installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater har vesting system to meet their +water needs. (1) +a. Banglore +b. Gendathur +c. Belagavi +d. Chennai +2. Today, in India hydroelectric power contributes a pproximately ____ per cent of the +total electricity produced (1) +a. 60 +b. 52 +c. 22 +d. 70 +3. ___________ per cent of the freshwater occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, +Greenland and the mountainous regions of the world (1) +a. 60 +b. 90 +c. 50 +d. 70 +4. Dams have transformed the social landscape i.e. increasing the social gap +between________. (1) +a. villages, rural areas +b. the richer landowners and the landless poor. +c. districts & villages +d. urban areas, cities5. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed__ ________ to irrigate their fields. (1) +a. the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ +b. inundation channels +c. DamsCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +c. districts & villages +d. urban areas, cities5. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed__ ________ to irrigate their fields. (1) +a. the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ +b. inundation channels +c. Dams +d. Lakes +6. Name two social movements which were against the multipurpose projects. (1) +7. Which river is known as “River of Sorrow” in Jha rkhand and West Bengal? (1) +8. Name the river on which the Koyna and Nagarjuna Sagar dams are located. (1) +9. Mention three major sources of irrigation in Ind ia. Which source of irrigation is more +popular in southern states? Why? (1) +10. Why do we need to conserve and manage our water resources? (3) +11. Why we should conserve and manage our water res ources? (3) +12. How do the dams create conflicts between the pe ople? (3) +13. Explain any three human values to reduce water wastage. (3) +14. Three-fourth of the world is covered with water and water is a renewable resource.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +13. Explain any three human values to reduce water wastage. (3) +14. Three-fourth of the world is covered with water and water is a renewable resource. +Yet many countries and regions around the globe suff er from water scarcity. Explain. +(5) +15. Explain any three reasons responsible for water scarcity in India? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +Answers +1. b. Gendathur +Explanation: Gendathur is a very remote backward village in Karn ataka +where nearly 200 houses have installed this roof to p rainwater harvesting +system and it has earned the rare distinction of be ing rich in rainwater. +2. c. 22 +Explanation: Much of this energy comes from hydroelectric power. Today, in +India hydroelectric power contributes approximately 22 per cent of the total +electricity produced. +3. d. 70 +Explanation: 70 per cent of the freshwater occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in +Antarctica, Greenland and the mountainous regions of the worldCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +electricity produced. +3. d. 70 +Explanation: 70 per cent of the freshwater occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in +Antarctica, Greenland and the mountainous regions of the world +4. b. the richer landowners and the landless poor. +Explanation: At the same time, it has transformed the social land scape i.e. +increasing the social gap between the richer landow ners and the landless poor. +As we can see, the dams did create conflicts between people wanting different +uses and benefits from the same water resources. +5. b. inundation channels +Explanation: In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inun dation +channels to irrigate their fields. Rooftop rain wat er harvesting’ was commonly +practised to store drinking water, particularly in R ajasthan. +6. Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new +environmental movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao And olan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam +Andolan’ +7. Damodar RiverCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +6. Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new +environmental movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao And olan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam +Andolan’ +7. Damodar River +8. The Koyna and Nagarjuna Sagar dams are located o n river Krishna.9. The three major sources of irrigation in India a re: +i. Canals +ii. Wells and tube wells +iii. Tanks +Tank irrigation is most popular in southern states because these states mostly come +under Deccan plateau which is not suitable for irri gation by canals. South India does +not have perennial rivers and hence the tanks form an important source of irrigation. +10. We need to conserve and manage water resources as- +i. Water is essential for life. So, there is a need to conserve water resources. +ii. We need to ensure food security. +iii. We need water for continuation of our liveliho od and productive activities. +iv. We need water to safeguard ourselves from healt h hazards.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +ii. We need to ensure food security. +iii. We need water for continuation of our liveliho od and productive activities. +iv. We need water to safeguard ourselves from healt h hazards. +11. We should conserve and manage our water resourc es - +i. To maintain the water cycle. +ii. To overcome the problem of water scarcity. +iii. To stop the excessive use, overutilization and unequal access to water among +different social groups. +iv. Variation in seasonal and annual precipitation may affect the availability of water +over time and space so there is a need of water man agement. +12. i. The dams have created conflicts between peop le wanting different uses and +benefits from the same water resources. +ii. Inter-state water disputes are becoming common with regard to sharing the costs +and benefits of the projects. +iii. The landowners, the rich farmers. Industrialist s and urban centers are benefitting +at the cost of local communities.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +and benefits of the projects. +iii. The landowners, the rich farmers. Industrialist s and urban centers are benefitting +at the cost of local communities. +13. The three human values to reduce water wastage are: +i. Awareness: The public should be made aware about the water sc arcity and +causes of shortage of water.ii. Judicious usage: People should use water wisely and in a planned wa y. +iii. Check over-irrigation: Over-irrigation should be stopped. +iv. Conservation: The habit of conserving water needs to be develope d among the +people. +14. We know that three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water, but only a +small proportion of its accounts for freshwater tha t can be put to use. This freshwater +mainly obtained from surface run off and ground wat er that is continually being +renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycl e ensuring that water is a +renewable resource. 96.5 percent of the total volum e of world’s water is estimated toCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycl e ensuring that water is a +renewable resource. 96.5 percent of the total volum e of world’s water is estimated to +exist in oceans and only 2.5 per cent as fresh wate r. Nearly 70% of this fresh water +occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Gre enland and the mountainous +regions of the world, while a little less than 30 pe rcent is stored as groundwater in +world’s aquifers. +15. i. The problem has been compounded with increas ed concretization due to urban +development that has choked groundwater resources. Water is neither being +recharged nor stored in ways that optimize its use while retaining the natural +ingredients of water. In addition, the entry of sewa ge and industrial waste into +water bodies is severely shrinking the availability of potable water. +ii. A large population means more water to produce more food. Hence, to facilitate +higher food-grain production, water resources are be ing overexploited to expandCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +ii. A large population means more water to produce more food. Hence, to facilitate +higher food-grain production, water resources are be ing overexploited to expand +irrigated areas for dry-season agriculture. +iii. Most farmers have their own wells and tubewell in their farms for irrigation to +increase their production. But it may lead to falli ng groundwater levels, adversely +affecting water availability and food security of t he people. Thus, in spite of +abundant water, there is water scarcity.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +1. Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers +shifting to water (1) +a. more consuming +b. intensive and commercial crops. +c. less required crops +d. required crops +2. The _______________ andolan took place on the co nstruction of multi-purpose dams. (1) +a. Koyna dam +b. Krishna dam +c. kaveri dam +d. Tehri dam +3. The diversion of more water at _________ by the Maharashtra government for a +multipurpose project caused dispute among states. (1) +a. Radhanagari +b. Mahabaleshwar +c. Koyna +d. Panch ganga +4. By which year nearly two billion people will liv e in absolute water scarcity? (1) +a. 2020 +b. 2030 +c. 2025 +d. 2040 +5. Name two States of northern India which has more than 75% net sown area under +irrigation. (1) +a. Gujarat & Maharashtra +b. Tamil Nadu & Andhra +c. Punjab & Haryana +d. Karnataka & KeralaCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +5. Name two States of northern India which has more than 75% net sown area under +irrigation. (1) +a. Gujarat & Maharashtra +b. Tamil Nadu & Andhra +c. Punjab & Haryana +d. Karnataka & Kerala +6. Who proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’? (1)7. What are the causes of water scarcity? (1) +8. Which water is recharged by roof-top rainwater h arvesting technique? (1) +9. According to Falken Mark, when does water stress occur? (1) +10. It is said that multipurpose projects serve a n umber of purposes but simultaneously +lead to lot of problems too. Is it true? (3) +11. How were the ‘tankas’ beneficial to the people of Rajasthan? (3) +12. Why is groundwater a highly overused resource? (3) +13. On the outline map of India given below, mark an d label the states where the +following rainwater harvesting systems are found (3) +i. Underground tanks or tanks for storing drinking water. +ii. Bamboo drip crop irrigation system.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +following rainwater harvesting systems are found (3) +i. Underground tanks or tanks for storing drinking water. +ii. Bamboo drip crop irrigation system. +iii. Diversion channels like 'Gills’ or 'Kills' for agriculture. +14. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of mul ti-purpose river projects. (5) +15. Describe any four traditional methods of rain w ater harvesting adopted in different +parts of India. (5)CBSE Test Paper-01 +Chapter-11 Water Resources +Answers +1. b. intensive and commercial crops. +Explanation: Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many +regions with farmers shifting to water intensive an d commercial crops. This has +great ecological consequences like salinization of the soil. +2. d. Tehri dam +Explanation: Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also bee n the cause +of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bacha o Andolan’ and the +‘Tehri Dam Andolan’ etc. +3. c. KoynaCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Explanation: Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also bee n the cause +of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bacha o Andolan’ and the +‘Tehri Dam Andolan’ etc. +3. c. Koyna +Explanation: The Krishna-Godavari dispute is due to the objectio ns raised by +Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh governments. It is reg arding the diversion of +more water at Koyna by the Maharashtra government f or a multipurpose +project. +4. c. 2025 +Explanation: By 2025, it is predicted that large parts of India w ill join +countries or regions having absolute water scarcity . +5. c. Punjab & Haryana +Explanation: Punjab and Haryana are the states, which has more th an 75% +net sown area under irrigation. The perennial Himal ayan Rivers, deep alluvial +soils and gradual gentle slope have made the constr uction of canals easier and +cheaper. +6. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed the dams as t he Temples of Modern India. +Temples of modern India was a term coined by India' s first Prime Minister JawaharCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +cheaper. +6. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed the dams as t he Temples of Modern India. +Temples of modern India was a term coined by India' s first Prime Minister Jawahar +Lal Nehru while inaugurating Bhakra Nangal Dam. +7. Large and growing population and consequent grea ter demands for water and +unequal access to it are some of the causes of wate r scarcity.8. Groundwater is recharged by rooftop rainwater ha rvesting technique. Harvested +rainwater can be stored in sub-surface the groundwa ter reservoir by adopting +artificial recharge techniques to meet the househol d needs through storage in tanks. +9. According to Falken Mark, a Swedish expert, water stress occurs when the water +availability is less than 1000 cubic meters per per son per day. +10. i. Regulating and damming of rivers affect thei r natural flow causing poor sediment +flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of t he reservoir.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +10. i. Regulating and damming of rivers affect thei r natural flow causing poor sediment +flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of t he reservoir. +ii. It leads to rockier stream beds and poorer habi tats for the rivers’ aquatic life. +iii. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquati fauna to migrate, +especially for spawning. +iv. The reservoirs that are created on the floodpla ins also submerge the existing +vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition ov er a period of time. +11. The underground tankas were able to provide rel iable sources of drinking water +during summer when other sources had dried up in th e state of Rajasthan. The +rainwater or palar pani was considered to be purest form of water. They helped in +keeping the room cool in order to manage the hot su mmer. +12. Groundwater is a highly overused resource becau se of the following reasons: +i. Groundwater is a freshwater source and used for drinking purpose and it isCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +12. Groundwater is a highly overused resource becau se of the following reasons: +i. Groundwater is a freshwater source and used for drinking purpose and it is +actually over-exploited in an urban area for domest ic purpose and drinking +purpose +ii. Due to a large and growing population and conse quent greater demands for water +and unequal access to it. +iii. To facilitate higher food grain production for a large population, water resources +are being overexploited to expand irrigated areas a nd dry season agriculture. +iv. In the housing societies or colonies in the cit ies, there is an arrangement of own +groundwater pumping devices to meet water needs. +v. After the toxication and pollution of rivers and many lakes, groundwater becomes +the practically only source of fresh water used dir ectly without treatment. +13. i. Rajasthan (Bikaner, Phalodi and Banner distri cts) +ii. Meghalayaiii. Himachal Pradesh (Kaza village)CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +the practically only source of fresh water used dir ectly without treatment. +13. i. Rajasthan (Bikaner, Phalodi and Banner distri cts) +ii. Meghalayaiii. Himachal Pradesh (Kaza village) +14. The advantages of multi-purpose river projects are as follows: +i. Water can be stored in the form of reservoirs, wh ich can be used for irrigation +purposes. +ii. They control or eliminate floods. +iii. They help in the generation of electricity whi ch is very much important for the +development of the industry. +iv. They can improve transportation as part of a ca nal system. +v. They are excellent for fish breeding and other a quatic species. +vi. They also help in inland navigation. Such proje cts can create navigation facility in +the country by developing ferrying services for tra nsportation, raise fleet capacity +and thereby can reduce the traffic load on rail and road transport. +vii. The water can be used for domestic and industr ial purpose.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +and thereby can reduce the traffic load on rail and road transport. +vii. The water can be used for domestic and industr ial purpose. +viii. Multi-purpose projects can also facilitate to develop recreation facilities in the +form of picnic resorts, holiday resorts etc. which a re having much commercial +viability nowadays. +The disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects a re as follows:i. They cause large-scale displacement of local com munities and submergence of +trees and vegetation. +ii. Regulating and damming of rivers affect their n atural flow, causing excessive +sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoirs, addin g to the problem of land +degradation. +iii. Dams fragment rivers, making it difficult for a quatic fauna to migrate. +iv. Dams were constructed to control floods but the y have triggered floods, +devastating life and property and causing soil eros ion. +v. Big dams have been unsuccessful in controlling f loods at the time of excessive +rainfall.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +devastating life and property and causing soil eros ion. +v. Big dams have been unsuccessful in controlling f loods at the time of excessive +rainfall. +vi. They have induced earthquakes, caused waterborne diseases and pollution due to +excessive use of water. +15. Methods of rainwater harvesting used in India a re: +i. Guls and Kuls: People built Guls and Kuls in hilly and mountainou s regions to +divert water. These are simple channels. They are m ainly used in the Western +Himalayas. It is a traditional irrigation system in Himachal Pradesh, where the +water is released when required. +ii. Rooftop rainwater harvesting: It is the technique through which rainwater is +captured from the roof catchments and stored in res ervoirs. Commonly practised +to store drinking water in Rajasthan. +iii. Khadins and Johads: In arid and semi-arid regions, some agricultural fie lds +were converted into rainfed storage structures. The se structures are found inCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +iii. Khadins and Johads: In arid and semi-arid regions, some agricultural fie lds +were converted into rainfed storage structures. The se structures are found in +Rajasthan. Johads are small earthen check dams that capture and conserve +rainwater, improving percolation and groundwater rec harge. +iv. Tanks: The tanks were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were +connected to the sloping roofs of the houses throug h a pipe. Rain falling on the +rooftops would travel down the pipe and be stored i n these underground 'tanks'. +The first spell of rain was usually not collected a s this would dean the roofs and +the pipes.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +1. The Krishna-Godavari dispute is due to the objec tions raised by the following state +governments: (1) +a. Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh governments +b. Telangana & Andhra Pradesh +c. Karnataka & Kerala +d. Maharashtra & Madhya Pradesh +2. ________% of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans. (1) +a. 96.5 +b. 50.69 +c. 90.5 +d. 80.4 +3. Freshwater is mainly obtained from surface _____ ___and ________ . (1) +a. run off and ground water +b. oceans and wells +c. rainfall and streams +d. lakes and tanks +4. Water scarcity in most cases is caused by (1) +a. high population +b. low population +c. over- exploitation +d. low rainfall +5. India receives nearly ​​​​______________ per cent of the global precipitation. (1) +a. 6 +b. 8 +c. 4 +d. 10 +6. What percentage of the total volume of world's w ater is estimated to exist as oceans? +(1)CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a. 6 +b. 8 +c. 4 +d. 10 +6. What percentage of the total volume of world's w ater is estimated to exist as oceans? +(1) +7. In which state the release of water from dams du ring heavy rains aggravated theflood situation in 2006? (1) +8. On which river the Salal Dam is built? (1) +9. How much percent of the total volume of the worl d's water is estimated to exist as +fresh water? (1) +10. Evaluate the role of large-scale developmental projects in accelerating the loss of +forests in India. (3) +11. Multi-purpose projects are Temples of Modern In dia'. Justify. (3) +12. Explain how water becomes a renewable resource. (3) +13. On the outline map of India given below, mark an d label the locations of the following +dams (3) +i. Hirakud dam +ii. Tungabhadra dam +iii. Bhakra Nangal dam +14. What is multi-purpose river valley project? Stat e any four objectives of multi-purpose +river valley projects. (5)CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +dams (3) +i. Hirakud dam +ii. Tungabhadra dam +iii. Bhakra Nangal dam +14. What is multi-purpose river valley project? Stat e any four objectives of multi-purpose +river valley projects. (5) +15. Write a short note on hydraulic structures of a ncient India. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +Answers +1. a. Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh governments +Explanation: The Krishna-Godavari dispute is due to the objectio ns raised by +Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh governments. It is reg arding the diversion of +more water at Koyna by the Maharashtra government f or a multipurpose +project. This would reduce downstream flow in their states with adverse +consequences for agriculture and industry +2. a. 96.5 +Explanation: 96.5 per cent of the total volume of world’s water i s estimated to +exist as oceans which are not useful for the people for the industrial and +domestic use. +3. a. run off and ground waterCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +exist as oceans which are not useful for the people for the industrial and +domestic use. +3. a. run off and ground water +Explanation: This freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and +ground water. All the remaining water occurs in the oceans and other water +bodies. This is salt water and therefore unfit for domestic use +4. c. over- exploitation +Explanation: water scarcity in most cases is caused by over- exp loitation, +excessive use and unequal access to water among dif ferent social groups. +5. c. 4 +Explanation: India receives nearly 4 per cent of the global prec ipitation and +ranks 133 in the world in terms of water availabili ty per person per annum. +6. 96.5% of the total volume of world’s water is est imated to exist as oceans. +7. The release of water from dams during heavy rain s aggravated the flood situation in +Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +7. The release of water from dams during heavy rain s aggravated the flood situation in +Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006. +8. Salal dam is built on river Chenab9. 2.5 percent of the total volume of the world's w ater is estimated to exist as fresh +water. +10. i. The forests were cleared for the constructio n of multi-purpose projects. Of the +14,000 sq km of forests cleared over three decades, t he largest area was given over +to mining (4,947 sq km), followed by defence projects (1,549 sq km) and +hydroelectric projects (1,351 sq km), according to da ta from the Compensatory +Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authorit y (CAMPA), run by the +ministry of environment and forests. +ii. The reservoirs that are built on the flood plai n also submerge the existing +vegetation and soil, leading to its decomposition ov er a period of time. +iii. The trees were submerged under the dam water. +11. Multi-purpose projects, launched after Independe nce with their integrated waterCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iii. The trees were submerged under the dam water. +11. Multi-purpose projects, launched after Independe nce with their integrated water +resources management approach. Jawaharlal Nehru wan ted India to be a self-reliant +country and to overcome the handicap of its colonia l past, he launched the multi- +purpose projects that not only controls flood but a lso useful in irrigation, power +generation, fish breeding etc. These projects were c onsidered to bring development in +villages and make a modern India. It would integrat e the development of agriculture +and the village economy with rapid industrialisatio n and growth of the urban +economy. The dams were an important symbol of these projects and consequently of +the modernization of India. +12. Water becomes a renewable resource through the hydrological cycle. Freshwater is +mainly obtained from the surface runoff and groundw ater is continually being +renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycl e. In water cycle, threeCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +mainly obtained from the surface runoff and groundw ater is continually being +renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycl e. In water cycle, three +processes take place as evaporation, condensation an d precipitation. This process of +water cycle is never ending and hence, water is a re newable resource. +13. The locations of dams are marked below14. Multipurpose river valley projects are meant to tackle various problems associated +with river valleys in an integrated manner. Followi ng are the objectives of Multi- +purpose river valley projects: +i. To control floods. +ii. Check soil erosion. +iii. Generate electricity +iv. Provide inland navigation +v. Encourage tourism and recreation +vi. Conservation of water. +15. In ancient India there existed the sophisticate d hydraulic structures. In the first +century B.C., Sringaverapura near Allahabad had a so phisticated water harvesting +system channelling the flood water of the river Gan ga. During the time ofCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +century B.C., Sringaverapura near Allahabad had a so phisticated water harvesting +system channelling the flood water of the river Gan ga. During the time of +Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation syste ms were extensively built. +Evidence of sophisticated irrigation works have als o been found in Kalinga (Odisha), +Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka), Kolhapur (Maharashtra), +etc. In the eleventh century, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time +was built. In the fourteenth century the tank in Ha uz Khas, Delhi was constructed by +Iltutmish for supplying water to Siri Fort Area.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +1. The moment we speak of water shortages, we immedi ately associate it with regions +having (1) +a. high rainfall or those that are drought prone +b. low temperature or those that are abundance wate r +c. low rainfall or those that are drought prone. +d. heavy temperature and heavy rainfall. +2. Nagarjuna sagar dam is constructed on the ______ _______. (1) +a. Cauveri rive +b. Krishna river +c. Narmada river +d. Godavari river +3. A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to +produce_____________. (1) +a. more food +b. more automobiles +c. more goods +d. hydro power +4. In the first century B.C., Sringaverapura near Al lahabad had sophisticated water +harvesting system channelling the flood water of th e ______river. (1) +a. Yamuna +b. Indus +c. Godavari +d. Ganga +5. _______ of the earth’s surface is covered with wa ter. (1)a. one third +b. two fourth +c. one fourth +d. Three fourthCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +a. Yamuna +b. Indus +c. Godavari +d. Ganga +5. _______ of the earth’s surface is covered with wa ter. (1)a. one third +b. two fourth +c. one fourth +d. Three fourth +6. What are the benefits of constructing tankas in Rajasthan? (1) +7. What is the most important benefit of 'hydrologi cal cycle'? (1) +8. What is palar panii? (1) +9. The Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is built on which river? (1) +10. What are the main reasons for the water scarcit y these days? (3) +11. Describe the qualitative aspects of water scarc ity. (3) +12. Explain any three reasons due to which large da ms have come under great opposition +in recent years. (3) +13. What are the major differences between traditio nal dams and multi-purpose projects? +(3) +14. Describe how modern adaptation of traditional r ainwater harvesting methods is +being carried out to conserve and store water? (5) +15. How do an increasing number of industries exert pressure on existing freshwater +resources? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +being carried out to conserve and store water? (5) +15. How do an increasing number of industries exert pressure on existing freshwater +resources? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +Answers +1. c. low rainfall or those that are drought prone. +Explanation: The moment we speak of water shortages, we immediate ly +associate it with regions having low rainfall or th ose that are drought prone. +2. a. (b) Krishna river +Explanation: Nagarjuna sagar dam is constructed on the river. Kr ishna river +in Telangana state. +3. a. more food +Explanation: A large population means more water not only for do mestic use +but also to produce more food. Hence, to facilitate higher food-grain production, +water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry- +season agriculture +4. d. Ganga +Explanation: In the first century B.C., Sringaverapura near Allah abad had +sophisticated water harvesting system channelling t he flood water of the river +GangaCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +season agriculture +4. d. Ganga +Explanation: In the first century B.C., Sringaverapura near Allah abad had +sophisticated water harvesting system channelling t he flood water of the river +Ganga +5. d. Three fourth +Explanation: Three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water, It +occurs in the form of oceans and other water bodies . +6. Tankas are underground storehouses for rainwater harvesting on the rooftop in arid +and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. The rainwater c an be stored in the tankas till the +next rainfall making it an extremely reliable sourc e of drinking water when all other +sources are dried up, particularly in the summers. R ooms are constructed near the +tanks as the place remains cool in summer. +7. Hydrological cycle renews and recharges the fres h water which is quite essential for +sustenance of life. All water moves within the hydr ological cycle ensuring that waterCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +7. Hydrological cycle renews and recharges the fres h water which is quite essential for +sustenance of life. All water moves within the hydr ological cycle ensuring that water +is a renewable resource.8. In arid regions of Rajasthan, rainwater which is considered as the purest form of +natural water is known as Palar pani. +9. Nagarjuna Sagar dam is built on river Krishna. +10. i. Water scarcity may be due to large and growi ng population and consequent +greater demands for water and unequal access to it. +ii. Large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce +more food. +iii. To facilitate higher food grain production, wat er resources are being +overexploited to expand irrigated areas and dry-sea son agriculture. +11. According to qualitative aspects of water scarc ity, it is a situation where water is +sufficiently available to meet the needs of the peo ple, but the area still suffers fromCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +11. According to qualitative aspects of water scarc ity, it is a situation where water is +sufficiently available to meet the needs of the peo ple, but the area still suffers from +water scarcity. This scarcity may be due to bad qua lity of water. Lately, there has +been a growing concern that even if there is ample water to meet the needs of the +people, much of it may be polluted by domestic and i ndustrial wastes, chemicals, +pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus , making it hazardous for human +use. +12. In recent times, dams have come under great oppo sition because of the following +reasons: +a. Construction of dams has resulted in problems li ke excessive sedimentation, +waterlogging, soil erosion, sudden floods, large-scale deforestation, extinction of +species, displacement of communities and tribal comm unities losing their +livelihood. Dams also fragment rivers, making it dif ficult for aquatic fauna to +migrate especially for spawning,CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +species, displacement of communities and tribal comm unities losing their +livelihood. Dams also fragment rivers, making it dif ficult for aquatic fauna to +migrate especially for spawning, +b. Dams that were built to control floods have trig gered floods due to sedimentation +in the reservoirs. Big dams have been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the +time of excessive rainfall. The release of water fr om the dams during heavy +rainfall worsens the situation. +c. The most significant environmental effect of dam s results from the displacement +of human populations. Because people normally settl e along rivers, where water +for drinking, irrigation, power, and transport are rea dily available, reservoirflooding can displace huge populations. +13. i. Traditional dams were built to impound river s and rainwater that could be used +later to irrigate agricultural fields only whereas multi-purpose projects are built +now not just for irrigation but for other purpose a s well.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +later to irrigate agricultural fields only whereas multi-purpose projects are built +now not just for irrigation but for other purpose a s well. +ii. They are used for electricity generation, supply water for domestic and industrial +use. The multi-purpose projects also help in flood control,recreation, inland +navigation and fish breeding. On its contrary, the t raditional dams did not provide +any such facilities. +14. i. Rooftop rainwater is collected through a pip e into the underground tanks. Rooftop +rainwater harvesting is practiced in Shillong and M eghalaya where nearly 15 to 25 +percent of actual water requirement is met from roo ftop water harvesting. +ii. In Many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is +successfully adopted to conserve and store water. +iii. In Gandathur a village in Karnataka and nearly 200 households has installed this +system. From 20 houses, the net amount of rainwater harvested amounts to +1,00,000 liters annually.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +iii. In Gandathur a village in Karnataka and nearly 200 households has installed this +system. From 20 houses, the net amount of rainwater harvested amounts to +1,00,000 liters annually. +iv. In Meghalaya, Bamboo drip is practiced to transp ort stream and spring water by +using Bamboo pipes. +v. Several low cost techniques are now available to recharge groundwater and +harvest the rainwater like, construction of proclama tion ponds, refilling of dug +wells and collection of rainwater and storing it in tanks or ground. +15. After independence, industries are increasing at a rapid pace and have become a +reason for pressure on existing freshwater resource s. +Freshwater is almost limited, though renewable in In dia, but over-exploitation and +mismanagement of this resource by industries are ag gravating the water stress day- +by-day. +i. Industrial water use includes water used for suc h purposes as fabricating,CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +mismanagement of this resource by industries are ag gravating the water stress day- +by-day. +i. Industrial water use includes water used for suc h purposes as fabricating, +processing, washing, diluting, cooling, or transporting a product; incorporating +water into a product; or for sanitation needs within the manufacturing facility. +ii. According to the Central Pollution Control Boar d (CPCB) of India, about 500 billion +cubic metre water out of the total available fresh water is used in industries +annually. Out of this, about 10 billion cubic metres water is used by processingindustries and 30 billion cubic metres is used for refrigeration purposes. +iii. Industries especially heavy industries use a h uge amount of fresh water for +industrial purpose and pollute and waste such water . +iv. These industries for their energy consumption p urpose depend on hydroelectric +projects and this electricity is generated through damming the rivers upstream.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +iv. These industries for their energy consumption p urpose depend on hydroelectric +projects and this electricity is generated through damming the rivers upstream. +So, the river almost dries in the lower stream areas . +v. Again industries dump the chemical waste in the river, lake, etc. which then +consequently pollute the water dangerously for huma n survival. +These also contaminate the groundwater through seep age of industrial wastes. So, +the increasing number of industries exert pressure on existing freshwater +resources.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 12 Agriculture +1. __________ is also a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a single crop is +grown on a large area. (1) +a. Plantation +b. irrigated cultivation +c. beverage crops +d. food grains cultivation +2. __________ is a Kharif crop in north and rabi cr op in south India. (1) +a. Sunflower +b. Castor +c. Sesamum +d. Groundnut +3. Who initiated the Blood less revolution? (1) +a. Sardar Vallabhai Patel +b. Jawaharlal Nehru +c. Vinobha Bhave +d. Mahatma Gandhi +4. India produces 13% of world's __________. (1) +a. cotton +b. vegetables +c. oil seeds +d. fruits +5. What concept of Mahatma Gandhi did Vinobha Bhave spread? (1) +a. gram swarajya +b. Nagara swarajya +c. bhoomi swarajya +d. sacrifice land +6. Hoe, Dao, digging sticks are associated with which type of farming? (1) +7. Name the crop which is grown as a Kharif crop in north and rabi crop in south. (1)8. Which fibre is called a golden fibre? (1)CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +7. Name the crop which is grown as a Kharif crop in north and rabi crop in south. (1)8. Which fibre is called a golden fibre? (1) +9. Which is the leading coffee producer state in In dia? (1) +10. Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural +production. (3) +11. Name one important beverage crop and specify th e geographical condition required +for its growth. (3) +12. Why is there enormous pressure on agricultural land in land intensive subsistence +farming? (3) +13. i. Features ‘A’ is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with +the help of the following information and write the ir correct name on the line +marked on the map. +a. A leading Coffee producing state +ii. On the same map of India locate and label the f ollowing items with appropriate +symbols: +a. A leading Bajra producing state +b. A leading Jowar producing state (3)CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +ii. On the same map of India locate and label the f ollowing items with appropriate +symbols: +a. A leading Bajra producing state +b. A leading Jowar producing state (3) +14. Name the crop which is main source of Sugar and Gur? What are the Geographical +conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production. (5) +15. Which crop is known as golden fiber? What are th e Geographical conditions required +for its growth. Name the major areas of its product ion. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 12 Agriculture +Answer +1. a. Plantation +Explanation: Plantation is also a type of commercial farming. I n this type of +farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an interface +of agriculture and industry. Plantations cover larg e tracts of land, using capital +intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers . +2. c. Sesamum +Explanation: Sesamum is a kharif crop in north and rabi crop in south India. +3. c. Vinobha BhaveCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers . +2. c. Sesamum +Explanation: Sesamum is a kharif crop in north and rabi crop in south India. +3. c. Vinobha Bhave +Explanation: The Bhoodan-Gramdan movement initiated by Vinoba B have is +also known as the Blood-less Revolution. +4. b. vegetables +Explanation: India produces about 13 per cent of the world’s veg etables. It is +an important producer of pea, cauliflower, onion, cabb age, tomato, brinjal and +potato. +5. a. gram swarajya +Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi declared Vinoba Bhave as his spirit ual heir. +He also participated in Satyagraha as one of the fo remost satyagrahis. He was +one of the votaries of Gandhi’s concept of gram swar ajya. +6. Primitive subsistence farming used such primitiv e tools for cultivation. +7. Sesamum is the crop which is grown as a kharif c rop in north and rabi crop in south. +Sesamum is grown in three seasons namely, kharif, sem i-rabi and summer.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +7. Sesamum is the crop which is grown as a kharif c rop in north and rabi crop in south. +Sesamum is grown in three seasons namely, kharif, sem i-rabi and summer. +8. Jute is called a golden fibre. It is one of the longest and most used natural fibre for +various textile applications. +9. Coffee production in India is dominated in the h ill tracts of South Indian states, withKarnataka accounting for 71%, followed by Kerala wit h 21% and Tamil Nadu. +10. i. The right of inheritance has led to fragment ation of landholdings. Therefore, +collectivisation, consolidation of landholdings, coop eration and abolition of +zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about i nstitutional reforms in the +country after independence. +ii. The Green Revolution based on the use of packag e technology and White +Revolution were initiated to improve the Indian agr iculture. +iii. Land development programme was initiated, which included provision for cropCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +Revolution were initiated to improve the Indian agr iculture. +iii. Land development programme was initiated, which included provision for crop +insurance against famine, flood, cyclone, fire and dis ease, establishment of +Grameen banks, cooperative societies etc. +iv. Kissan credit cards, Personal Accident Insurance scheme were introduced for the +benefit of farmers. +v. Special weather bulletins and agricultural progr ammes for farmers are run on the +radio and television. +vi. To check the exploitation of farmers by specula tors and middlemen, the +government announces minimum support price, remunera tive and procurement +prices for important crops. +11. Tea is one of the important beverage crops. +Geographical conditions required for tea cultivatio n are: +a. Annual rainfall of 200 cm or more distributed th roughout the year. +b. Temperature ranging between 10°C to 30°C. +c. Deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus . +d. Warm and moist frost-free climate throughout the year.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +b. Temperature ranging between 10°C to 30°C. +c. Deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus . +d. Warm and moist frost-free climate throughout the year. +e. Tea cultivation needs well drained land. Stagnat ion of water is not good for tea +plants. Heavy rainfall but no stagnancy of water, su ch mountain slopes are good +for tea cultivation. +12. i. The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations +has rendered land holding size uneconomical. +ii. The farmers continue to take maximum output fro m the limited land in the +absence of alternative source of livelihood. +iii. A piece of land keeps divinding among the gene rations of farmers. +iv. As a result of continued division the piece of land becomes smaller and smallerand eventually insufficient even to fullfill the fa mily needs +v. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural land +13. +14. Sugar cane is the main source / crop required f or production of of sugar and gur.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +v. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural land +13. +14. Sugar cane is the main source / crop required f or production of of sugar and gur. +i. Sugarcane belongs to bamboo family of plants and is indigenous to India. It is the +main source of sugar, gur and khandsari and raw mate rial for alcohol. +ii. India is the second largest producer of sugarca ne in the world after Brazil. It is +tropical and sub tropical crop. +iii. Bagasse, the crushed cane residue, can be more b eneficially used for +manufacturing paper instead of using it as fuel in the mills. +iv. D. Sugarcane accounts for the largest value of production and holds an enviable +position among all the commercial crops in India as part of it is also used as fodder +alsov. Climate: It is a long duration crop and requires 10 to 15 and even 18 months to +mature, It grows well in hot and humid climate. +vi. Soil Type: it can grow well on a variety of soi ls.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +alsov. Climate: It is a long duration crop and requires 10 to 15 and even 18 months to +mature, It grows well in hot and humid climate. +vi. Soil Type: it can grow well on a variety of soi ls. +vii. Temperature: Temperature requirement is 21 deg ree C to 27 degree C . +viii. Rainfall: Annual rainfall between 75 cm and 1 00 cm. +ix. Areas of Cultivation: The major sugarcane produ cing states are Uttar Pradesh, +Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bih ar, Punjab and +Haryana. +x. The Satluj-Ganga plain from Punjab to Bihar cont aining 51 per cent of the total +area and 60 per cent of the country’s total producti on. +15. i. Jute is known as the golden fiber. It is use d to make mats, ropes, carpets, yarns, +gunny bags and many other ornamental things. +ii. Jute is in great demand because of the cheapnes s, softness, strength, length, lustre +and uniformity of its fibre. +iii. Climate: warm and wet climate. The crop takes 8- 10 months to matureCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +ii. Jute is in great demand because of the cheapnes s, softness, strength, length, lustre +and uniformity of its fibre. +iii. Climate: warm and wet climate. The crop takes 8- 10 months to mature +iv. Soil Type: Well drained fertile soil in the flo od plains. The soil which renewed +every year. +v. Temperature: Temperatures ranging from 70–100 °F and relative humidity of +70%–90% are favourable for successful cultivation +vi. Rainfall: Jute requires 2–3 inches of rainfall w eekly with extra needed during the +sowing period. +vii. Areas of Cultivation: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and Meghalaya are the +major Jute producing states. +viii. West Bengal is the undisputed king of jute pr oduction in India accounting for over +four-fifths of the production and nearly three-four ths of the area under juteCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 12 Agriculture +1. ___________ type of farming is still practiced i n few pockets of India. (1) +a. commercial Subsistence +b. intensive Subsistence +c. drip irrigation +d. Primitive Subsistence +2. __________ is recognised as a powerful supplemen t in inventing new hybrid varieties of +seeds. (1) +a. imports +b. globalization +c. genetic engineering +d. green revolution +3. The main characteristic of commercial farming is the use of ____________ seeds. (1) +a. tissue cultured +b. high yielding variety (HYV) +c. organic +d. traditional seeds +4. Which of the following attracted the Britishers to India? (1) +a. spices +b. groundnut +c. Cotton belts +d. rubber +5. Intensive Subsistence Farming is practiced in ar eas of high _________ on land. (1) +a. fertilizers +b. irrigation +c. demand +d. pressure +6. Name some rabi crops. (1) +7. Name one staple crop of India and the regions wh ere it is produced. (1)CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +a. fertilizers +b. irrigation +c. demand +d. pressure +6. Name some rabi crops. (1) +7. Name one staple crop of India and the regions wh ere it is produced. (1) +8. India is the largest producer as well as consume r of which agricultural product in theworld? (1) +9. Find out the importance of pulses in agricultura l pattern in India. (1) +10. Mention the major crops that come under millets . State the geographical conditions +required for their cultivation along with the areas where they are grown. (3) +11. Why has Indian agriculture started a declining trend in food production? Explain +with any three reasons. (3) +12. Why are some pulses known as leguminous crop? Wh y are they grown in rotation +with other crops? (3) +13. Some features are marked on the map of India gi ven below. Identify them with the +help of the following information and write their c orrect names on the lines marked +on the map. +i. A major wheat producing state +ii. A major producer of juteCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +help of the following information and write their c orrect names on the lines marked +on the map. +i. A major wheat producing state +ii. A major producer of jute +iii. The state which is the major producer of coffe e (3) +14. Name the major Horticulture Crops of India and also write their areas of cultivation. +(5) +15. Define plantation agriculture. Explain any four characteristics of plantation +agriculture. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 12 Agriculture +Answer +1. d. Primitive Subsistence +Explanation: Primitive Subsistence Farming This type of farming is still +practiced in few pockets of India. Primitive subsis tence agriculture is practiced +on small patches of land +2. c. genetic engineering +Explanation: Genetic engineering is recognised as a powerful su pplement in +inventing new hybrid varieties of seeds. +3. b. high yielding variety (HYV) +Explanation: The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use ofCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +inventing new hybrid varieties of seeds. +3. b. high yielding variety (HYV) +Explanation: The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of +higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding va riety (HYV) seeds, chemical +fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. +4. c. Cotton belts +Explanation: During the British period cotton belts of India at tracted the +British and ultimately cotton was exported to Brita in as a raw material for their +textile industries. +5. d. pressure +Explanation: Intensive Subsistence Farming: This type of farmin g is practiced +in areas of high population pressure on land. It is labour intensive farming, +where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigati on are used for obtaining +higher production. +6. Wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard, sunflower, rap eseed, linseed. +7. Rice is the staple crop of the people of the eas tern and southern parts of the country.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +higher production. +6. Wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard, sunflower, rap eseed, linseed. +7. Rice is the staple crop of the people of the eas tern and southern parts of the country. +It is grown in West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pra desh, Assam and Punjab. +8. India is the largest producer as well as consume r of Pulses in the world. Pulses +account for around 20 per cent of the area under fo od grains and contribute around +7-10 per cent of the total food grains production i n the country. +9. Pulses are mostly grown in rotation with other c rops because as leguminous crops,they fix nitrogen from the air with soil and restor e the soil fertility. It also provides +agronomic benefits to the succeeding crop in terms of better soil microenvironment, +quality and yield. +10. a. Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important mille ts grown in India. These are known +as coarse grains. They have very high nutritional v alue. Ragi is very rich in iron,CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +quality and yield. +10. a. Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important mille ts grown in India. These are known +as coarse grains. They have very high nutritional v alue. Ragi is very rich in iron, +calcium, other micronutrients and roughage. +i. Jowar is the third most important food crop with respect to area and +production. +ii. It is a rain-fed crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs +irrigation. It thrives well at a temperature betwee n 25°C and 32°C and it +requires rainfall about 40 cm annually. +iii. Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar f ollowed by Karnataka, Andhra +Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. +b. i. Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow b lack soil. +ii. The ideal temperature for its growth is 25°-30° C and is grown in areas of 40-50 +cm of annual rainfall. +iii. Rajasthan is the largest producer of bajra fol lowed by Uttar Pradesh, +Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana. +c. i. Ragi is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy andCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +iii. Rajasthan is the largest producer of bajra fol lowed by Uttar Pradesh, +Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana. +c. i. Ragi is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and +shallow black soils. +ii. Ragi is suited for cultivation in areas with an nual rainfall of 700-1200 mm. It +grows well in altitudes of 1000-2000 m with an aver age temperature of 27 ºC. +iii. Karnataka is the largest producer of ragi foll owed by Tamil Nadu. Apart from +these states, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, Jh arkhand and Arunachal +Pradesh are also important for the production of ra gi. +11. Indian agriculture started a declining trend in food production as +i. Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from i nternational competition. +ii. The quality of our production is not able to co mpete with those of the developed +countries. +iii. Subsidy on fertilizers, pesticides and HYV has b een decreased, it lead to increase +in the production cost.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +countries. +iii. Subsidy on fertilizers, pesticides and HYV has b een decreased, it lead to increase +in the production cost. +iv. More and more cultivable lands have been conver ted into factories, residential +area, which has reduced the area under cultivation.v. The productivity of land has also started to dec line due to various new diseases +inspite of many insecticides that have been used to control these crop diseases. +vi. Periodic scarcity of water has led to reduction in area under irrigation +12. i. A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the famil y Fabaceae (or Leguminosae). +Maximum pulses are known as leguminous crops. +ii. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for +livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing g reen manure. Well-known +legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, chickpeas , lentils, lupin bean, +mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. +iii. Pulses helps in fixation of nitrogen.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, chickpeas , lentils, lupin bean, +mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. +iii. Pulses helps in fixation of nitrogen. +iv. Pulses are grown in rotation with other crops a s they help in restoring soil fertility +by using nitrogen from the air. +v. A pulse crop saves energy by producing nitrogen for itself and reducing the +nitrogen requirement for subsequent crops. It also requires less energy to grow +because there is no energy used to apply fertilizer . Overall, producing pulses +requires only about half the energy of a cereal cro p like wheat or barley. +13. i. Punjab (a major producer of wheat) +ii. West Bengal (a major producer of jute) +iii. Karnataka (a major producer of coffee) +14. i. Horticulture is the science and art of growing (plants) - fruit s, vegetables, flowers, +ii. The diversity of physiographic, climatic and soi l characteristics enables India toCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +14. i. Horticulture is the science and art of growing (plants) - fruit s, vegetables, flowers, +ii. The diversity of physiographic, climatic and soi l characteristics enables India to +grow a large variety of horticultural crops. India is one of the world’s largest +producers of vegetables. +iii. National Horticulture Board (NHB) was set up b y Government of India in April +1984. The main objectives of the NHB are to improve integrated development of +Horticulture industry. +iv. Major Horticulture Crops of India are mangoes, o ranges, bananas, litchi, Guava, +pineapple, grapes, apple, pears, walnuts, cashew nuts. D ifferent crops grow in +different parts of India like +v. Mangoes: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. +vi. Oranges : Nagpur and Cherapunji (Meghalaya) +vii. Bananas : Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. +viii. Litchi and Guava: Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. +ix. Pineapple: Meghalaya +x. Grapes: Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +vii. Bananas : Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. +viii. Litchi and Guava: Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. +ix. Pineapple: Meghalaya +x. Grapes: Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. +xi. Apples, Pears, Apricots and Walnuts: Jammu and Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh. +xii. Cashew nut: Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. +15. Plantation Agriculture: Plantation agriculture is a form of commercial farm ing in +tropical and sub-tropical regions.where crops are g rown for profit. Large land areas +are needed for this type of agriculture. It was int roduced by the British in India. +Characteristics: +a. A single crop is grown over a large area. +b. It refers to the large scale, capitalised and oft en highly centralised cultivation in +the plantations of cash crops for export. +c. All produce is used raw material in industries s uch as tea, coffee, rubber, +sugarcane, banana etc. +d. Plantation has interface of agriculture and indu stry both.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a. they like to move +b. they don’t have a house +c. soil loses fertility +d. they are tribals CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 12 Agriculture +1. ___________ state is the largest producer of jow ar. (1) +a. Karnataka +b. Maharashtra +c. Tamil Nadu +d. Gujarat +2. Operation flood is the word used to denote the d evelopment in ____________. (1) +a. water production. +b. wheat production +c. milk production +d. rice production +3. Which is the largest rubber producing state in I ndia? (1) +a. Meghalaya +b. Tamil Nadu +c. Karnataka +d. Kerala +4. Why does Rinjha’s family leave a place and move f rom place to place? (1) +5. Agriculture is an age-old __________activity in our country. (1) +a. recreation +b. time pass +c. economic +d. professional +6. Which crop is grown with the onset of monsoons a nd are harvested in the month of +September and October? (1)CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a. recreation +b. time pass +c. economic +d. professional +6. Which crop is grown with the onset of monsoons a nd are harvested in the month of +September and October? (1) +7. In which region was the cultivation of coffee in troduced in India initially? (1)8. Name any two schemes introduced by the governmen t to benefit farmers. (1) +9. Which type of farming is intensive subsistence f arming? (1) +10. Write a short note on coffee cultivation in Ind ia. (3) +11. Explain the factor upon which the different far ming practices depends. (3) +12. The land under cultivation is being reduced day by day. Can you imagine its +consequences? (3) +13. i. Features ‘A’ is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with +the help of the following information and write the ir correct name on the line +marked on the map. +a. A leading golden fibre crop-producing state +ii. On the same map of India locate and label the f ollowing items with appropriate +symbols:CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +marked on the map. +a. A leading golden fibre crop-producing state +ii. On the same map of India locate and label the f ollowing items with appropriate +symbols: +a. A leading sugarcane producing state +b. A coffee growing state on the eastern state (3) +14. Why the growth rate in agriculture has been dec reasing day by day. Give reasons. (5) +15. Name the crop which is used both as food and fo dder? What are the geographical +conditions required for its growth. Name the major areas of its production. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 12 Agriculture +Answer +1. b. Maharashtra +Explanation: Maharashtra state is the largest producer of jowar . +2. c. milk production +Explanation: The Green Revolution based on the use of package t echnology +and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were som e of the strategies +initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture. +3. d. Kerala +Explanation: Rubber is an important industrial raw material. It is mainlyCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture. +3. d. Kerala +Explanation: Rubber is an important industrial raw material. It is mainly +grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andaman an d Nicobar islands and +Garo hills of Meghalaya. In 2010-11 India ranked fo urth among the world’s +natural rubber producers. +4. c. soil loses fertility +Explanation: Rinjha lived with her family in a small village at the outskirts of +Diphu in Assam. She enjoys watching her family memb ers clearing, slashing +and burning a patch of land for cultivation. She of ten helps them in irrigating +the fields with water running through a bamboo cana l from the nearby spring. +She loves the surroundings and wants to stay here a s long as she can, but this +little girl has no idea about the declining fertili ty of the soil and her family’s +search for fresh a patch of land in the next season . +5. c. economic +Explanation: Agriculture is an age-old economic activity in our country.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +search for fresh a patch of land in the next season . +5. c. economic +Explanation: Agriculture is an age-old economic activity in our country. +6. Kharif is a monsoon crop sown in the beginning a nd harvested by the end of the +monsoon season, the cultivation period being July to November. +7. Baba Budan hills were the region where cultivati on of coffee was initially introduced. +It is in the hills of Chikmagalur (Coorg, Southern I ndia) in 1670.8. Kissan Credit Cards (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are the two +schemes introduced by the government to benefit far mers. +9. Labour-intensive farming is intensive subsistenc e farming. It is a kind of agriculture +where a lot of capital and labour are used to incre ase the yield that can be obtained +per area. +10. India produces about four per cent of the world ’s total coffee production. +i. Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality. The Arabica varietyCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +per area. +10. India produces about four per cent of the world ’s total coffee production. +i. Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality. The Arabica variety +brought from Yemen is produced in the country. Initi ally, its cultivation was +introduced on the Baba Budan Hills and even today i t is cultivation confined to the +Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. +ii. Coffee plant requires a hot and humid climate w ith temperature varying between +15°C and 28 °C and rainfall from 150 to 250 cm. It does not tolerate frost, snowfall, +high temperature above 30°C and strong sunshine and is generally grown under +shady trees. Prolonged drought is also injurious to coffee. Dry weather is +necessary at the time of ripening of the berries. +11. The factors upon which the different farming pr actices depend are: +i. Physical factors: It includes relief, climate and location. +ii. Human Factors: Human factors include the cultur al background of people,CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +i. Physical factors: It includes relief, climate and location. +ii. Human Factors: Human factors include the cultur al background of people, +availability of irrigation and agricultural practic es. +iii. Land : The availibilty of land decides which f arming suits most commercial or +subsistense. +iv. Productivity : The productivity of the land dec ides which farming can be better +like fertile land is preffered for commercial farmi ng. +v. Demand : The demand of the crop decides the farm ing pattern as crop with more +demand needs more cultivation. +vi. Quality of yield : Quality of yeild determines the type of farming as high yield +would be always prefferedfor cultivation. +12. Land under cultivation is being reduced day by day, it may lead to: +i. Less land under cultivation would cause the lack of food grains for people.ii. Due to less production of food crops the prices of food crops will raise to its +maximum extent.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +i. Less land under cultivation would cause the lack of food grains for people.ii. Due to less production of food crops the prices of food crops will raise to its +maximum extent. +iii. It will also lead to more use of fertilizer an d pesticides to get more & more +production. +iv. Use of fertilizers and pesticides leads to heal th problems. +v. Less production may even lead to food scarcity a nd ultimately deteriorating +economy. +13. +14. The growth rate in agriculture has been decreas ing day by day as +i. Indian farmers are facing a challenge from inter national competition. +ii. The cost of production inputs is increasing day by day. +iii. Reduction in public investment in agricultural sector especially irrigation power, +rural, roads, market, etc.iv. The pressure of WTO on the Indian government to remove the subsidies given to +the farmers. +v. Reduction in import duties on agricultural produ cts. +vi. Withdrawal of investments by farmers from agric ulture resulting in reducingCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +the farmers. +v. Reduction in import duties on agricultural produ cts. +vi. Withdrawal of investments by farmers from agric ulture resulting in reducing +employment in agriculture. +15. i. Maize is the crop to be used as food and fod der. It is Kharif crop. +ii. Its grain provides food and is used for obtaini ng starch and glucose. Its stalk is fed +to cattle. +iii. Maize is mainly a rainfed kharif crop which is sown just before the onset of +monsoon and is harvested after retreat of the monso on. +iv. Fertile well-drained alluvial or red loams free from coarse materials and rich in +nitrogen are the best soils for its successful grow th. Well drained plains are best +suited for its cultivation +v. Climate: 140 frost free days +vi. Soil Type: It grows well in old alluvial soil. +vii. Temperature: It requires temperature between 2 1oC to 27oC . +viii. Rainfall: annual rainfall between 60 to 120 c m +ix. Areas of Cultivation: Major maize producing sta tes are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh,CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +viii. Rainfall: annual rainfall between 60 to 120 c m +ix. Areas of Cultivation: Major maize producing sta tes are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, +Bihar,In some states like Bihar maize is grown in Ra bi season also. Use of modern +inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilizers and irrigation have contributed to the +increasing production of maize. +x. More than half the maize of India is produced in four states of Madhya Pradesh, +Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 12 Agriculture +1. _________ state is the major producer of pulses. (1) +a. Gujarat +b. Karnataka +c. Uttar Pradesh +d. Maharashtra +2. Mahatma Gandhi declared _________ as his spiritual heir. (1) +a. Jawaharlal Nehru +b. Indira Gandhi +c. Sardar Vallabhai Patel +d. Vinobha Bhave +3. Indian farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to _________. (1) +a. cash crops +b. industrial crops +c. commercial crops +d. high-value crops +4. Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop? (1) +a. Moderate support price +b. Maximum support price +c. Minimum support price +d. Influential support price +5. In India _________, _________, _________, etc.. are important plantation crops. (1) +a. rice, paddy, wheat +b. maize, jowar, wheat +c. sugarcane, cotton, groundnut +d. tea, coffee, rubber +6. Which state is the leading producer of rubber in India? (1) +7. Explain briefly the pattern of paddy crops in Odisha and West Bengal. (1)CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +c. sugarcane, cotton, groundnut +d. tea, coffee, rubber +6. Which state is the leading producer of rubber in India? (1) +7. Explain briefly the pattern of paddy crops in Odisha and West Bengal. (1) +8. What is leguminous crops? (1)9. Name the crop for which India is the largest producer in the world. (1) +10. Why has Indian agriculture started a declining trend in food production? Explain. (3) +11. What are millets and why are they called coarse grains? Give some examples of millet +crops and areas they are grown in. (3) +12. Write the significance of Bhoodan Andolan in the agricultural sector in India. (3) +13. i. Features ‘A’ is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with +the help of the following information and write their correct name on the line +marked on the map. +a. A major wheat producing state +ii. On the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate +symbols: +a. A leading Rubber producing stateCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +marked on the map. +a. A major wheat producing state +ii. On the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate +symbols: +a. A leading Rubber producing state +b. A Major tea producing state (3) +14. Suggest any five measures to enhance agricultural production in India. ( 5) +15. What are the challenges faced by the farmers today? ( 5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 12 Agriculture +Answer +1. c. Uttar Pradesh +Explanation: Uttar Pradesh state is the major producer of pulses. +2. d. Vinobha Bhave +Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi declared Vinoba Bhave as his spiritual heir. +He also participated in Satyagraha as one of the foremost satyagrahis. +3. d. high-value crops +Explanation: Indian farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from +cereals to high-value crops. This will increase incomes and reduce +environmental degradation simultaneously. +4. c. Minimum support price +Explanation: Minimum support price is the price at which governmentCHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +environmental degradation simultaneously. +4. c. Minimum support price +Explanation: Minimum support price is the price at which government +purchase crops from the farmers, whatever may be the price for the crops. +It is an important part of India's agricultural price policy. +It helps to incentivize the farmers and thus ensures adequate food grains +production in the country. +5. d. tea, coffee, rubber +Explanation: In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc.. are +important plantation crops. +6. Kerala is the leading producer of rubber in India. It accounts to 92 percent of the +country's total natural rubber production. +7. Three crops of paddy are grown in West Bengal and Odisha in a year and are known +as Aus, Aman and Boro. +Aus designates the cultivation of the rice varieties which are planted in mid March- +April and harvested in mid June-July. Aman season designates the cultivation of the +rice varieties which are planted in mid July and harvested in mid November-CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +April and harvested in mid June-July. Aman season designates the cultivation of the +rice varieties which are planted in mid July and harvested in mid November- +December. Boro season designates the cultivation of the rice varieties which are +planted in November-December and harvested in March-April.8. Leguminous are a family of flowering plants having pods (or legumes) like fruits and +root nodules enabling storage of nitrogen-rich material. Their leaves are compound +leaves and consist of several small leaflets and their flowers resemble the bean or +groundnut flower in shape. Examples, peas, beans, clover etc. +9. India is the largest producer of Rice and Wheat in the world. +10. i. Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition. India is +producing lots of food and commercial crops but its products are not able to +compete with the developed countries since subsidized agriculture is practised in +those countries.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +producing lots of food and commercial crops but its products are not able to +compete with the developed countries since subsidized agriculture is practised in +those countries. +ii. There is reduction in the public investment in agriculture sector particularly in +power production, making of rural roads, market and mechanisation of farming. +iii. Subsidy on fertilizers has also decreased since the cost of production has +increased. +iv. Agricultural products which are imported have low prices because of low import +duty, giving competition to Indian farmers. +11. Jawar, Bajra and ragi are the important Millets grown in India. These are known as +coarse grains but they have very high nutritional value. +i. Jawar: Maharashtra is the largest producer of jawar followed by Karnataka, +Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. +ii. Bajra: Rajasthan is the largest producer of Bajra followed by Uttar Pradesh, +Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. +ii. Bajra: Rajasthan is the largest producer of Bajra followed by Uttar Pradesh, +Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana. +iii. Ragi: Karnataka is the largest producer of ragi followed by Tamil Nadu. +iv. Millets are also known as dry crops because they are tough and hardy. They are +draught resistant crops and requires less rainfall and high temperatures. +v. Millet crops are favored due to productivity and short growing season under dry, +high-temperature conditions. +12. i. Bhoodan movement was initiated by Vinoba Bhave. +ii. To solve the problem of landless Labourers, he undertook a padayatra. As a result, +rich landlords offered their lands and villages to landless agricultural Laborers. +iii. This movement is also known as bloodless revolution and it significantly increased +the agricultural production as the Labours became the owner of their land and +could cultivate on it.iv. It helps in reducing exploitation of the poor cultivators by the rich zamindars.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +the agricultural production as the Labours became the owner of their land and +could cultivate on it.iv. It helps in reducing exploitation of the poor cultivators by the rich zamindars. +v. It helps in bringing more land under plough. Even uncultivable land is cultivated. +13. +14. i. Land reforms: Consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of +Zamindari system. +ii. Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and the White revolution. +iii. Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against +drought, flood, cyclone, etc, the establishment of Grameen Banks, Cooperative +Societies and banks for providing loans. +a. Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and +procurement prices to check exploitation and also provides HYV seeds and +fertilizers. +b. Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme etc. +c. Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radioand TV.CHAPTER 14 -GEOGRAPHY-AGRICULTURE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +fertilizers. +b. Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme etc. +c. Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radioand TV. +d. Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers. +e. Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by +the government for farmers. +15. a. Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition and +reduction in public investment in the agricultural sector especially in irrigation, +power infrastructure and other inputs. +b. Small and fragmented land-holdings is one of the major challenges faced by +farmers. +c. Subsidy on fertilizers is decreased leading to higher cost of production. +d. Erratic nature of monsoons also affects agriculture production on a large scale. +e. Farmers are withdrawing their investment from agriculture, resulting in a lack of +alternative employment opportunities. +f. Reduction in import duties on agriculture products.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +1. Iron ore from Maharashtra and Goa belt is export ed from ______. (1) +a. Cochin Port +b. Chennai Port +c. Marmagoa port +d. Mumbai Port +2. Complete the statement with appropriate word. Af ter all, “energy saved is energy +______". (1) +a. produced +b. conserved +c. used +d. polluted +3. To meet the demand, a choice has to be made betwe en a numbers of possible options. +When this is done a mineral ‘deposit’ or ‘reserve’ turn s into a ______. (1) +a. mineral +b. quarry +c. resource +d. mine +4. India is highly dependent on ______ for meeting its commercial energy requirements. (1) +a. water +b. nuclear +c. tidal energy +d. coal +5. Formation of a mineral depends upon: (1) +a. the place where the rock forms. +b. the physical and chemical conditions under which the material forms +c. the purpose for which rock is formed +d. who forms the rock +6. Which is the most popular coal for commercial us e? (1)CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +b. the physical and chemical conditions under which the material forms +c. the purpose for which rock is formed +d. who forms the rock +6. Which is the most popular coal for commercial us e? (1) +7. Why mica is used in the electrical appliances an d electronics industry? (1)8. Which kind of mineral is found in Rajasthan? (1) +9. Which is the best variety of iron ore? (1) +10. Write about the formation of tidal energy. (3) +11. Study the given chart carefully and answer the following questions: +i. What does this picture shows? +ii. Which states of India have important wind farms ? +iii. Name the places which are well known for effec tive use of wind energy. (3) +12. Explain with an example that aluminum was widel y used by the emperors of France. (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on +the lines marked on the map. +a. Iron ore mineCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on +the lines marked on the map. +a. Iron ore mine +b. Manganese mine +ii. Locate and Label Ajmer Mica mine with appropria te symbols on the same map given +for identification. (3) +14. Distinguish between conventional and non-conven tional sources of energy. (5) +15. Explain any five types of non-conventional sour ces of energy developed in India. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +Answers +1. c. Marmagoa port +Explanation: Maharashtra-Goa belt includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri +district of Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they +are efficiently exploited. Iron ore is exported thr ough Marmagao port. It is the +leading iron ore exporting port of India with an an nual throughput of around +27.33 million tonnes of iron ore traffic. +2. a. produced +Explanation: We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judic ious use ofCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +27.33 million tonnes of iron ore traffic. +2. a. produced +Explanation: We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judic ious use of +our limited energy resources. For example, as concer ned citizens we can do our +bit by using public transport systems instead of in dividual vehicles; switching +off electricity when not in use, using power-saving devices and using non- +conventional sources of energy. After all, “energy s aved is energy +produced”.We cannot keep on producing non-renewable resources like petrol, +diesel and electricity etc. Nearly 97% of the world 's consumed energy is coming +from fossil fuels, coal, petroleum and natural gas wh ich cannoty be renewed +3. d. mine +Explanation: To meet the demand, a choice has to be made between a number +of possible options. When this is done a mineral ‘de posit’ or ‘reserve’ turns into +a mine. +4. d. coal +Explanation: Coal is used for power generation, to supply energy to industryCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +of possible options. When this is done a mineral ‘de posit’ or ‘reserve’ turns into +a mine. +4. d. coal +Explanation: Coal is used for power generation, to supply energy to industry +as well as for domestic needs. India is highly depe ndent on coal for meeting its +commercial energy requirements.Most significant use s of coal are in electricity +generation, steel production, cement manufacturing an d as a liquid fuel. Steam +coal also known as thermal coal - is mainly used in power generation. Coking +coal - also known as metallurgical coal . +5. b. the physical and chemical conditions under wh ich the material formsExplanation: A particular mineral that will be formed from a ce rtain +combination of elements depends upon the physical a nd chemical conditions +under which the material forms. This, in turn, result s in a wide range of +colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density t hat a particular mineralCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +under which the material forms. This, in turn, result s in a wide range of +colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density t hat a particular mineral +possesses. Geologists use these properties to class ify the minerals. The basic +chemical materials may be the same, but as the press ure and temperature +change, the actual minerals will change too. +6. Among the four forms of coal the most popular co al for commercial use is +bituminous. +7. Due to its excellent dielectric strength and ins ulating properties, mica is used in the +electrical appliances and electronics industry. +8. Non-ferrous minerals are found in Rajasthan. +9. Magnetite is the best variety of iron-ore as it contains 70% iron. It is followed by +Hematite →Limonite →Siderite. +10. To generate tidal energy oceanic tides are used . Floodgates dams are built across +inlets. During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate isCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +10. To generate tidal energy oceanic tides are used . Floodgates dams are built across +inlets. During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is +closed. After the tide falls outside the floodgate, the water retained by the floodgate +flows back to the sea via pipes that carries it thr ough a power-generating turbine. +11. i. This pictures shows the wind mills, which hel p in generating wind energy. +ii. Tamil Nadu followed by Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka , Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra +and Lakshadweep have important wind farms. +iii. Nagarcoil and Jaisalmer are well known for eff ective use of wind energy in the +country. +12. After the discovery of aluminium, it was widely used by the emporors of France. +i. Emperor Napoleon III wore buttons and hooks on h is clothes made of aluminium. +ii. Food was served to his more illustrious guests in aluminium utensils and the less +honorable ones were served in gold and silver utens ils.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +ii. Food was served to his more illustrious guests in aluminium utensils and the less +honorable ones were served in gold and silver utens ils. +iii. Thirty years after this incident aluminium bow ls were most common with the +beggars in Paris.13. +14. +Conventional Non- Conventional +1. Conventional sources of energy are +non-renewable sources of energy.1. Non-conventional sources of energy +are renewable sources of energy. +2. These sources get depleted with its +use.2. These resources can be used again and +again. +3. These are traditional sources of +energy.3. These are recently developed sources +of energy.4. These causes large scale pollution.4. These are environment friendly +resources. +5. For example : Coal, petroleum, diesel, +etc.5. For example: Solar energy, wind +energy, tidal energy etc. +15. The growing consumption of energy has resulted in a pressing need to use renewable +energy sources like solar energy, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +15. The growing consumption of energy has resulted in a pressing need to use renewable +energy sources like solar energy, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material. +These are called non-conventional energy sources. I ndia is blessed with an abundance +of sunlight, water, wind and biomass. It has the larg est programmes for the +development of these renewable energy resources. +i. Solar energy : India is a tropical country. It has enormous poss ibilities of tapping +solar energy. Photovoltaic technology converts sunl ight directly into electricity. +Solar energy is fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas. The largest solar +plant of India is located at Madhapur, near Bhuj, whe re solar energy is used to +sterilize milk cans. +ii. Wind power : India now ranks as a wind super power in the worl d. The largest +wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu from Nag arcoil to Madurai. +iii. Biogas : Shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste are used to produce biogasCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu from Nag arcoil to Madurai. +iii. Biogas : Shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste are used to produce biogas +for domestic purpose in rural area. Decomposition o f organic matter yields gas, +which has higher thermal efficiency in comparison t o kerosene, dung cake and +charcoal. +iv. Tidal energy : Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity . Floodgate dams are +built across inlets. During high tide water flows i nto the inlet and gets trapped +when the gate is closed. From that stored water ele ctricity is generated. +v. Geo thermal Energy : Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electric ity +produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth.CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 14 Manufacturing Industries +1. What is the full form of STPI? (1) +a. Software Transport Parks of India +b. Software Technology Production of India. +c. Steel Technology Parks of India +d. Software Technology Parks of India +2. Out of the following which industry helps in the manufacture of telephones +computers, radars, etc.? (1) +a. Electronics +b. Information Technology +c. Steel +d. Aluminium +3. The National Jute Policy with an objective to im prove the production for the Indian +farmers was formulated in the year: (1) +a. 1999 +b. 2000 +c. 2001 +d. 2005 +4. There were about ___________ jute mills in India in 2010-11. (1) +a. 90 +b. 80 +c. 100 +d. 1000 +5. Which one of the following countries is the larg est producer and consumer of steel in +the world? (1)a. Japan +b. India +c. China +d. United States +6. What is the position of India in the production of Gur and Khandsari in the world? (1)CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +the world? (1)a. Japan +b. India +c. China +d. United States +6. What is the position of India in the production of Gur and Khandsari in the world? (1) +7. Name two most important sugar producing states o f India. (1) +8. Name any two Asian countries which import cotton goods from India. (1) +9. Which countries provide stiff competition to Ind ian jute products? (1) +10. Study the given table carefully and answer the following questions: +Sector Share of Production Loomage +Mills 6.00 percent 1.33 lakhs +Power Loom 54.17 percent 14 lakhs +Handloom 23.000per cent NA +i. Name the sector which has the highest share in t he production of fabric in India? +ii. Why is it important for our country to keep the mill sector loomage lower than +power loom and handloom? (3) +11. What are the three problems being faced by the Indian cotton industry? (3) +12. Bring out the importance of Information Technol ogy and Electronics Industry in +India? (3)CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +11. What are the three problems being faced by the Indian cotton industry? (3) +12. Bring out the importance of Information Technol ogy and Electronics Industry in +India? (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names +on the lines marked on the map. +a. Software Technology park +b. Electronic capital of India +ii. Locate and Label Software technology park of Ke rala with appropriate symbols on +the same map given for identification (3)14. Why has the 'Chotanagpur Plateau region' the ma ximum concentration of iron and +steel industries? Analyse the reasons. (5) +15. What facts interpret that cotton and textile in dustry of India occupies a unique +position? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 14 Manufacturing Industries +Answers +1. d. Software Technology Parks of India +Explanation: By 2010-11 (STPI) Software Technology Parks of Ind ia have comeCHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Chapter - 14 Manufacturing Industries +Answers +1. d. Software Technology Parks of India +Explanation: By 2010-11 (STPI) Software Technology Parks of Ind ia have come +up across 46 locations at different centers of Indi a. The major industry +concentration is at Bengaluru. +2. a. Electronics +Explanation: The electronics industry covers a wide range of pr oducts from +transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular t elecom, pagers, telephone +exchange, radars, computers and many other equipments required by the +telecommunication industry. +3. d. 2005 +Explanation: In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with t he objective +of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuri ng good prices to the jute +farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare. The Na tional Common Minimum +Programme (NCMP) of the Government, recognizing the importance of jute to +farmers and workers, and to the economy of jute grow ing states, and its specialCHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Programme (NCMP) of the Government, recognizing the importance of jute to +farmers and workers, and to the economy of jute grow ing states, and its special +ecological importance world-wide, resolved that "the jute industry will receive a +fresh impetus in all respects". +4. b. 80 +Explanation: There were about 80 jute mills in India in 2010-11 , 60 jute mills +are located in West Bengal and 68 are in private se ctor. +5. c. China +Explanation: China is the largest producer of steel. +China is also the world’s largest consumer of steel. +6. India has the first position in the production o f Gur and Khandsari in the world. +7. Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra are the two most i mportant sugar producing states in +India.8. Singapore and Sri Lanka are the two Asian countr ies which import cotton goods from +India. +9. The countries which provide stiff competition to Indian jute products are Brazil, +Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +India. +9. The countries which provide stiff competition to Indian jute products are Brazil, +Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. +10. i. Power loom sector has the highest share in t he production of fabric in India. +ii. it important for our country to keep the mill s ector looming lower than power +loom and handloom because +a. The power loom and the handloom can provide more employment to the rural +people. +b. Both of them promote decentralization and benefi t a wider area of the +country. +c. Both of them require less investment as compared to mill sector loomage. +11. The three problems being faced by the Indian co tton industry are: +i. We had made a significant increase in the produc tion of good quality long staple +cotton but the need to import is still felt. +ii. Power supply is erratic and machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and +processing sectors in particular. +iii. Other problems are the low output of labour an d stiff competition with theCHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +ii. Power supply is erratic and machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and +processing sectors in particular. +iii. Other problems are the low output of labour an d stiff competition with the +synthetic fiber industry. +12. The importance of Information Technology and El ectronics Industry in India are: +i. Electronics industry produces a wide range of go ods like televisions, telephone, +radars, computers etc. +ii. It has provided employment to more than one mil lion people. This number is +expected to increase eight-fold in the next three t o four years. +iii. It has contributed to a lot of foreign exchang e in the last few years. +iv. Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India. +v. As much as 18 software technology parks provide single window service and high +data communication facility to software experts.13. +14. The iron and steel industries are mostly concen trated in and around the Chotanagpur +Plateau region because of the following reasons :CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +data communication facility to software experts.13. +14. The iron and steel industries are mostly concen trated in and around the Chotanagpur +Plateau region because of the following reasons : +a. Low cost of iron ore: Proximity to iron mines helps to reduce the trans portation +cost of iron ore to the industries. +b. Availability of high-grade raw materials in the adjoining area: Other +bulky raw materials like coking coal, limestone is a lso available in proximity. +c. Availability of cheap labour: Abundant and cheap labour from the adjoining +areas of Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha. +d. Dense transport network This region is well connected with roadways and +railways that help in the quick movement of raw mat erials and finished goods to +the industry and market areas. +e. Port facilities Kolkata, a well-developed port, is near to this area . +15. The follwoing features prove that the cotton an d textile industry of India occupies aCHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +the industry and market areas. +e. Port facilities Kolkata, a well-developed port, is near to this area . +15. The follwoing features prove that the cotton an d textile industry of India occupies a +unique position:i. India shares one fourth in the world trade of co tton yarn. +ii. India shares four percent in garments. +iii. Spinning mills are competitive at the global l evel and capable of using all the +fibers produced in India. +iv. It contributes 14 percent to total industrial p roduction. +v. It generates employment for 35 million person. +vi. It earns foreign exchange which is 24.6 percent of total earning. +vii. It contributes four percent in the GDP of the country.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +1. Which is the most important field of Gujarat? (1) +a. Gandhinagar +b. Ankeleshwar +c. Digboi +d. Mumbai +2. ________ is the basic mineral and the backbone o f industrial development. (1) +a. cement +b. iron ore +c. coal +d. granite +3. Energy can be generated from _________ minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, +uranium and from electricity. (1) +a. stone +b. metallic +c. rock +d. fuel +4. There are several hundred _________ in India, whi ch could be used to generate +electricity. (1) +a. hot springs +b. oceans +c. iron mines +d. coal mines +5. Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand? +a. thorium +b. oil +c. uranium +d. coal +6. To which countries iron ore is exported from Vis hakhapatnam port? (1) +7. Where is the largest solar power plant in India located? (1)8. Why is copper mainly used in electrical cables a nd electronic industries? (1)CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +7. Where is the largest solar power plant in India located? (1)8. Why is copper mainly used in electrical cables a nd electronic industries? (1) +9. How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru? (1) +10. What is the contribution of coal in the install ed capacity of electricity? Why is the share +of coal continuing to be highest? (3) +11. How would you classify the types of coal on the basis of geological ages? (3) +12. Outline the uses of energy. Explain the differe nt sources of energy resources. (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on +the lines marked on the map. +a. Mica mine +b. Iron ore exporting port +ii. Locate and Label Durg iron ore mine with approp riate symbols on the same map +given for identification (3)CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +the lines marked on the map. +a. Mica mine +b. Iron ore exporting port +ii. Locate and Label Durg iron ore mine with approp riate symbols on the same map +given for identification (3) +14. Write a short note on Bauxite, its formation, fea tures and distribution in India. (5) +15. How would you classify the types of coal depend ing on the degrees of compression? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +Answers +1. b. Ankeleshwar +Explanation: Ankeleshwar is the most important field of Gujarat . Gujarat's oil +wells are at Amkleswar (largest), Cambay, Kalol, Kosam ba, Mehsana, Nowgam, +Dholka, Lunej, Sananda, Wavel Bakal and Kathana. +2. b. iron ore +Explanation: Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial +development. India is endowed with fairly abundant resources of iron ore. Iron +is the backbone of the industrial development of a country. Iron and steel is theCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +development. India is endowed with fairly abundant resources of iron ore. Iron +is the backbone of the industrial development of a country. Iron and steel is the +basic industry and it provides raw materials, all ty pes of machinery to run +other industries. +3. d. fuel +Explanation: Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like co al, +petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from electricity. Energy resources can be +classified as conventional and nonconventional sour ces. Fuel minerals are +minerals that can be used for fuel. They are carbon aceous fuels stripped from +the earth. There are three main types of fuel miner als and they are coal +petroleum, and natural gas. These are also known as fossil fuels. +4. a. hot springs +Explanation: There are several hundred hot springs in India, whi ch could be +used to generate electricity. Two experimental proj ects have been set up in +India to harness geothermal energy. +5. a. thoriumCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +used to generate electricity. Two experimental proj ects have been set up in +India to harness geothermal energy. +5. a. thorium +Explanation: The Monazite sands of Kerala is rich in Thorium. +Thorium, is also available in Jharkhand and the Arav alli ranges of Rajasthan. +It is used for generating atomic or nuclear power. +When an alteration is made in the structure of atom s, much energy is released +in the form of heat and this is used to generate el ectric power.6. Iron ore is exported to Japan and South Korea fr om Vishakhapatnam port. +7. India’s largest solar power plant of 100 MW capac ity is located at Kamuthi in Tamil +Nadu. The Kamuthi solar plant is the world's second largest solar park with a capacity +of 648 MW commissioned by Adani Power. +8. copper is used in electrical cables as it is mal leable, ductile and a good conductor of +heat and electricity. Therefore, it allows electrici ty to flow through them easily.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +8. copper is used in electrical cables as it is mal leable, ductile and a good conductor of +heat and electricity. Therefore, it allows electrici ty to flow through them easily. +9. Iron-ore is transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru as slurry +through pipelines. +10. The contribution of coal in the installed capac ity of electricity is 62 per cent. The share +of coal is continuing to be highest because of the following facts: +i. India has a huge resource of coal of different k inds, such as anthracite, +bituminous, lignite and peat. +ii. The potential of India in the field of hydel po wer is quite high but only one-sixth +has been derived developed. +iii. Electricity produced by nuclear plants is only in the initial stages. This is not +properly developed. +11. Classification of coals on the basis of geologi cal ages are: +i. Gondwana Coalfields : The Gondwana coalfields are 250 million years of age. TheCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +properly developed. +11. Classification of coals on the basis of geologi cal ages are: +i. Gondwana Coalfields : The Gondwana coalfields are 250 million years of age. The +major resources of Gondwana coal which are metallur gical coal are located in +Damodar valley (West-Bengal-Jharkhand). Jharia, Rani ganj, Bokaro and important +coalfields. The Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha va lleys also contain coal +deposits. +ii. Tertiary Coalfields : The Tertiary coalfields are only 55 million years old. Tertiary +coals occur in the north-eastern states of Meghalay a, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh +and Nagaland. +12. Uses of energy: Energy is required for all activities. It is neede d to cook, to provide +light and heat, to propel vehicles and to drive mach inery in Industry. +Sources of energy : Energy can be produced through conventional and n on- +conventional sources.i. Energy can be generated from non-conventional so urces include, solar energy, +wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +conventional sources.i. Energy can be generated from non-conventional so urces include, solar energy, +wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy. +ii. Energy is also generated from conventional sour ces which includes, firewood, +cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and ele ctricity both hydel and +thermal. +13. +14. Bauxite is a clay-like substance from which alu mina and later aluminium is obtained. +Aluminium is an important metal because it combines the strength of metals such as +iron, with extreme lightness and also with good cond uctivity and great malleable +ability. +Formation : Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of +rocks rich in aluminium silicates. +Distribution :i. Bauxite is found in the Amarkantak Plateau, Maika l Hills and the plateau region of +Bilaspur-Katni. +ii. Odisha is the largest bauxite producing state i n India. +iii. Panchpatmali deposits in Koraput district are the most important bauxite deposits +in the state.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Bilaspur-Katni. +ii. Odisha is the largest bauxite producing state i n India. +iii. Panchpatmali deposits in Koraput district are the most important bauxite deposits +in the state. +iv. 45 per cent of the country’s total production in 2000-01 was in Odisha. +15. Following are the types of coal depending upon the degree of compression: +i. Peat: Decaying plants in swamps produced peat, which has a low carbon and high +moisture contents. It has very low heating capacity . +ii. Lignite : Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft w ith high moisture +content. The principal lignite reserves are in Neyv eli in Tamil Nadu and used for +generation of electricity. +iii. Bituminous : Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to i ncreased +temperature is bituminous coal. It is the most popu lar coal in commercial use. +Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal wh ich has a special value for +smelting iron in blast furnace. +iv. Anthracite : It is highest quality hard coal.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +1. Minerals are a ​​​​__________ part of our lives. (1) +a. useful +b. vital +c. important +d. indispensable +2. Oceanic tides can be used to generate ________ (1) +a. electricity +b. gas +c. transport +d. fuel +3. Which is the oldest oil producing state of India ? (1) +a. Rajasthan +b. Assam +c. Maharashtra +d. Gujarat +4. What did Haban see in Guwahati and he think of t hem as houses? (1) +a. shopping complex +b. buildings +c. buses and Trains +d. multiplex +5. The vast alluvial plains of North India are almo st devoid of ________. (1) +a. Rock minerals +b. economic minerals +c. petro minerals +d. fuel minerals +6. What types of minerals are mainly obtained from veins and lodes? (1) +7. Which mineral is found abundantly in the monazit e sand? (1) +8. How do the geologists define minerals? (1) +9. Name the regions containing the highest and the lowest amounts of mineral depositsin India. (1)CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +8. How do the geologists define minerals? (1) +9. Name the regions containing the highest and the lowest amounts of mineral depositsin India. (1) +10. Can you illustrate some suggestions to conserve minerals? (3) +11. Name any one rock mineral. Write about its form ation. Name the industry in which it +is used. (3) +12. How the people of rural areas get benefited fro m the setting up of biogas plants? (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names +on the lines marked on the map. +a. Nuclear Plant +b. Oil Field +ii. Locate and Label Koraput Bauxite mine with appr opriate symbols on the same +map given for identification (3) +14. Why there is a need of conservation of minerals ? (5) +15. Explain the different forms of occurrence of mi nerals. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +Answer +1. d. indispensableCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +15. Explain the different forms of occurrence of mi nerals. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +Answer +1. d. indispensable +Explanation: Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives. A lmost +everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering bui lding or a big ship, all are +made from minerals. In all the stages of developmen t, human beings have used +minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivitie s, religious and ceremonial +rites. +2. a. electricity +Explanation: Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity. Floodgate dams +are built across inlets. During high tide water flo ws into the inlet and gets +trapped when the gate is closed. Tidal energy is pr oduced through the use of +tidal energy generators. +3. b. Assam +Explanation: Assam is the oldest oil producing state of India. Digboi, +Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrijan are the important oi l fields in the state.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +tidal energy generators. +3. b. Assam +Explanation: Assam is the oldest oil producing state of India. Digboi, +Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrijan are the important oi l fields in the state. +Digboi has the distinction of being India's oldest continuously producing +oilfield. +4. c. buses and Trains +Explanation: Haban sees people getting into strange house like objects which +move along the road. He also sees a “kitchen” dragg ing a number of house +along with it. He is amazed and asked his father “W hy don’t our houses move +like the one we saw in Guwahati, Ba?” Ba replies, “The se are not houses, they +are buses and trains. Unlike our houses these are n ot made of bricks and stones, +metal like iron and aluminum are used in making the se. +5. b. economic minerals +Explanation: The vast alluvial plains of north India are almost devoid of +economic minerals. These variations exist largely b ecause of the differences inCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +5. b. economic minerals +Explanation: The vast alluvial plains of north India are almost devoid of +economic minerals. These variations exist largely b ecause of the differences in +the geological structure, processes and time involve d in the formation ofminerals. +6. Major metallic minerals like Zinc and tin are ma inly obtained from Veins and Lodes. +7. Monazite sand is found in Kerala and the mineral which is found abundantly in +monazite sand is thorium. +8. According to the geologists, minerals are homogen eous, naturally occuring substance +with a definable internal structure. +9. Regions having the highest amount of mineral dep osit are the areas of peninsular +plateau and the regions having lowest amount of min eral deposits are the Northern +Plains. +10. Minerals can be conserved in the following ways : +i. A concerted effort has to be made in order to us e our mineral resources in a +planned and sustainable manner.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Plains. +10. Minerals can be conserved in the following ways : +i. A concerted effort has to be made in order to us e our mineral resources in a +planned and sustainable manner. +ii. Improved technologies need to be constantly evo lved to allow use of low grade +ores at low costs. +iii. Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and oth er substitutes are steps in +conserving our minerals resources for future. +11. Limestone is a rock mineral. It is found in ass ociation with rocks composed of calcium +carbonate or calcium and magnesium carbonates. +It is found in sedimentary rocks of most geological formations. +Limestone is the basic raw material for cement indu stry and essential for smelting +iron ore in the blast furnaces. +12. People in rural areas get benefited from the se tting up of biogas plants as they use +shurbs, farm waste, animal and human waste to produce biogas for domestic +consumption. The plants using cattle dung are known as 'Gobar gas plants' in ruralCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +shurbs, farm waste, animal and human waste to produce biogas for domestic +consumption. The plants using cattle dung are known as 'Gobar gas plants' in rural +areas. Theses provide twin benefits to the farmer o f rural areas - first in the form of +energy and second, the farmers also get improved qua lity of manure. Biogas is by far +the most efficient use of cattle dung. It also prev ents the loss of trees and manure due +to burning of fuel wood and cow dung cakes.13. +14. Conservation of minerals is necessary because: +i. The total volume of workable mineral deposits in an insignificant fraction i.e. one +per cent of the earth’s crust. +ii. We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that required millions of years to be +created and concentrated. +iii. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of +replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of +consumption. +iv. Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of +consumption. +iv. Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable. +v. Mining of minerals causes great threat to the en vironment and health of the +human beings.Hence, it is needed to conserve the minerals and use them in a judicious way. +15. The difference forms of occurrence of minerals are: +i. In igneous and metamorphic rocks : In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals +may occur in cracks, crevices, faults and joints. The smaller occurrence is called +veins and the larger are called lodes. Major metall ic minerals like tin, copper, zinc +and lead, etc. are obtained from veins and lodes. +ii. In sedimentary rocks : In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur i n beds +and layers. They have been formed as a result of de position, accumulation and +concentration in horizontal strata. Coal and some f orms of iron ore have been +concentrated as a result of long periods.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +and layers. They have been formed as a result of de position, accumulation and +concentration in horizontal strata. Coal and some f orms of iron ore have been +concentrated as a result of long periods. +iii. Through decomposition of surface rocks : Another mode of formation involves the +decomposition of surface rocks, and the removal of s oluble constituents, leaving a +residual mass of weathered material containing ores . Bauxite is formed in this +way. +iv. Alluvial deposits : Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits i n sands of +valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called placer deposits. +v. In ocean water and ocean beds : The ocean water contains vast quantities of +minerals. Common salt, magnesium and bromine are lar gely derived from ocean +water. The ocean beds too are rich in manganese nod ules.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +1. Ballari-Chitradurga- Chikkamagaluru Tumakuru bel t is in ____________ state has huge +iron ore deposits. (1) +a. Tamil Nadu +b. Karnataka +c. Kerala +d. Maharashtra +2. Geologists define mineral as a “homogenous, natur ally occurring substance with a +definable​​​ ________. (1) +a. internal structure +b. structure +c. shape +d. outer structure +3. Why is Natural gas considered as an environment friendly fuel? (1) +a. because of low carbon dioxide emissions +b. because of high carbon dioxide emissions +c. because of low Oxygen emissions +d. because of low hydrogen emissions +4. Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured fr om minerals and run on __________. +(1) +a. power resources derived from the earth +b. power resources derived from the sea +c. power resources derived from the air +d. power resources derived from the oceanCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +(1) +a. power resources derived from the earth +b. power resources derived from the sea +c. power resources derived from the air +d. power resources derived from the ocean +5. In Rajasthan, the major mica producing area is ar ound _______. (1)a. Jaisalmer +b. Jaipur +c. Ajmer +d. Sikar district +6. What are the conventional sources of energy? (1) +7. Name the mineral which is used to reduce cavitie s in the toothpaste. (1) +8. With whose permission extraction is possible in India? (1) +9. Which mines produce maximum copper in India? (1) +10. Explain the formation of Bauxite and name the m etal obtained from it. (3) +11. How minerals are formed in sedimentary rocks? Na me any two minerals formed due +to evaporation especially in arid region. (3) +12. Study the given chart carefully and answer the following questions: +i. Which state is the largest producer of Bauxite i n India? +ii. Which mineral is derived from Bauxite? +iii. What is the importance of aluminium? (3)CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +i. Which state is the largest producer of Bauxite i n India? +ii. Which mineral is derived from Bauxite? +iii. What is the importance of aluminium? (3) +13. On the given political map of India, locate, mark and label the following with +appropriate symbols.i. Iron ore mine in the Western Ghats +ii. The state with the highest bauxite production i n India +iii. Koderma-Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand (3) +14. Describe the importance of minerals in human li fe. (5) +15. (a) Name the non-metallic mineral which can be easily splited into thin sheets. +(b) What are the properties of this mineral and in which areas is it found? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 13 Minerals and Energy resources +Answer +1. b. Karnataka +Explanation: Ballari- Chitradurga- Chikkamagaluru Tumakuru belt in +Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore. The Kudre mukh mines located in the +Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100 per cent expor t unit.Kudremukh depositsCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore. The Kudre mukh mines located in the +Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100 per cent expor t unit.Kudremukh deposits +are known to be one of the largest in the world. +2. a. internal structure. +Explanation: Geologists define mineral as a “homogenous, natural ly +occurring substance with a definable internal struc ture.” Minerals are found in +varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest dia mond to the softest +talc.Rocks are combinations of homogeneous substanc es called minerals. +3. a. because of low carbon dioxide emissions +Explanation: Natural gas is considered an environment friendly fuel because +of low carbon dioxide emissions and is, therefore, th e fuel for the present +century. It is non toxic and non poisonous for huma ns. +4. a. power resources derived from the earth +Explanation: Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals +and run on power resources derived from the earth. Even the food that we eatCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Explanation: Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals +and run on power resources derived from the earth. Even the food that we eat +contains minerals. In all stages of development, hum an beings have used +minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivitie s, religious and ceremonial +rites.Life processes cannot occur without minerals. +5. c. Ajmer +Explanation: In Rajasthan, the major mica producing area is arou nd Ajmer. +Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also an impo rtant producer in the +country. Mica deposits are found in the northern ed ge of the Chota Nagpur +plateau. +6. The energy sources which are exhaustible and can not be replaced after using up are +known as conventional sources, like coal and petrole um.7. Fluoride is the mineral which is used to reduce cavities in the toothpaste. +8. Only after obtaining the permission of the gover nment extraction is possible.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +8. Only after obtaining the permission of the gover nment extraction is possible. +9. Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh and Khetri mine s in Rajasthan produce maximum +copper in India. +10. Bauxite deposits are formed chiefly by weatheri ng of aluminous rock. Intense +weathering of the surface rocks helps in their deco mposition thus forming bauxite +deposits. The metal obtained from bauxite is alumin ium. Alumina occurs in the form +of clay within the bauxite deposits which is in tur n obtained as aluminium. +11. In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur in beds and layers. They have been +formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and c oncentration in horizontal strata. +Coal and some forms of iron ore have been concentra ted as a result of long periods +under great heat and pressure. Another group of sed imentary minerals include +gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt. These are forme d as a result of evaporation +especially in arid region.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +under great heat and pressure. Another group of sed imentary minerals include +gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt. These are forme d as a result of evaporation +especially in arid region. +12. i. Odisha is the largest producer of Bauxite. +ii. Aluminium is derived from Bauxite. +iii. It combines the strength of iron but it is qui te light in weight and has good +conductivity and great malleability. +13. +14. Minerals are indispensable part of human life. +i. Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to towe ring building or a big ship, allare made from minerals. +ii. The railway lines and the tarmac of the roads, o ur implements and machinery too +are made from minerals. +iii. Cars buses, trains, aeroplans are manufactured f rom minerals and run on power +resources derived from the earth. +iv. In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their +livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and cer emonial rites.CHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +resources derived from the earth. +iv. In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their +livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and cer emonial rites. +v. Availability of the minerals helps in the econom ic development of the country. +vi. Our food too contains minerals. +15. (a) Mica is the mineral made up of a series of plates or leaves. It can be easily split into +thin sheets. +(b) Its properties are as follows: +i. Mica sheets can be so thin that a thousand can b e layered into mica sheet of a few +centimetres high. +ii. Mica can be clear, black, green, red, yellow or bro wn. +iii. Due to its excellent dielectric strength, low p ower loss factor, insulating properties +and resistance to high voltage, is used in electric and electronic industries. +The major mica producing areas are: +i. Mica is found in the northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau. +ii. Koderma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is th e leading producerCHAPTER 15 -GEOGRAPHY-MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCE- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +The major mica producing areas are: +i. Mica is found in the northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau. +ii. Koderma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is th e leading producer +iii. In Rajasthan the major mica producing area is around Ajmer. +iv. Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also an important producer in the country.CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 14 Manufacturing Industries +1. Which of the following industries has been a maj or foreign exchange earner in the +last few years? (1) +a. Tourism Industry +b. Information Technology Industry +c. Engineering Industry +d. Electronics Industry +2. Manufacturing Industries are placed in : (1) +a. Primary sector +b. Tertiary sector +c. Service sector +d. Secondary sector +3. Which one of the following industries uses bauxi te as a raw material? (1) +a. Jute +b. Cement +c. Aluminium +d. Steel +4. Which of the following techniques of cotton text ile production came into use after the +18th century? (1) +a. Power looms +b. Hand-spinning +c. Zari embroidery +d. Handloom weaving +5. Which city in India has emerged as the 'electron ic capital' of India? (1) +a. Bengalurub. Mumbai +c. Chennai +d. Delhi +6. On what basis is the industrial sector classifie d into public and private sectors? (1) +7. What are heavy industries? (1)CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +a. Bengalurub. Mumbai +c. Chennai +d. Delhi +6. On what basis is the industrial sector classifie d into public and private sectors? (1) +7. What are heavy industries? (1) +8. In which industry will automobile industry be pl aced and why? (1) +9. Name any two industrial cities of pre-independen t India. (1) +10. Briefly describe any four major types of indust rial pollution. (3) +11. On the following political map of India, locate, mark and label the following with +appropriate symbols. +i. Indore- Software Technology Park +ii. Kanpur-Cotton Textile Industry +iii. Bhilai-Iron and Steel Plant (3) +12. Which factors are responsible for shifting of s ugar mills to southern and western +states? (3)13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names +on the lines marked on the map. +a. Iron and Steel Plant +b. Iron and steel PlantCHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names +on the lines marked on the map. +a. Iron and Steel Plant +b. Iron and steel Plant +ii. Locate and Label Kanpur woolen textile with app ropriate symbols on the same +map given for identification. (3) +14. What facts interpret that cotton and textile in dustry of India occupies a unique +position? (5) +15. How will you elaborate the importance of manufa cturing? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 14 Manufacturing Industries +Answers +1. b. Information Technology Industry +Explanation: The Information Technology Industry has been a maj or foreign +exchange earner in the last two or three years beca use of its fast growing +Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector. The co ntinuing growth in the +hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India. +2. d. Secondary sector +Explanation: Manufacturing industries not only help in modernis ingCHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India. +2. d. Secondary sector +Explanation: Manufacturing industries not only help in modernis ing +agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy , they also reduce the +heavy dependence of people on agricultural income b y providing them jobs in +secondary and tertiary sectors. The secondary secto r includes secondary +processing of raw materials, food manufacturing, text ile manufacturing and +industry. +3. c. Aluminium +Explanation: Aluminium Smelting industry uses bauxite as the ra w material +in the smelters. +Bauxite is very bulky, dark reddish coloured rock. +4. a. Power looms +Explanation: In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced wit h hand +spinning and handloom weaving techniques. After the 18th century, power- +looms came into use. Our traditional industries suf fered a set back during the +colonial period because they could not compete with the mill made cloth from +England. +5. a. BengaluruCHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +looms came into use. Our traditional industries suf fered a set back during the +colonial period because they could not compete with the mill made cloth from +England. +5. a. Bengaluru +Explanation: Bengaluru has emerged as the 'electronic capital' of India. +6. On the basis of ownership of enterprises, the ind ustrial sector is classified into public +and private sectors. The public sector includes all the public services and enterprises. +Private sector includes enterprises that are owned by private people.7. Industries where bulky and heavy weight of raw m aterial is used and heavy finished +goods are produced are called heavy industries. Exa mple: Iron and steel industry. +8. Automobile industry requires huge investment and the weight of raw materials and +finished goods are bulky so it will be placed in he avy industry. +9. Bombay and Kolkata are the two industrial cities of pre-independent India.CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +finished goods are bulky so it will be placed in he avy industry. +9. Bombay and Kolkata are the two industrial cities of pre-independent India. +10. Industries contribute significantly to India’s e conomic growth and development but +the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise a re resulting in degradation of +environment. The four major types of industrial pol lution are: +i. Air pollution : This is caused due to presence of high proportion of gases which are +undesirable, e.g., Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxid e. +ii. Water pollution : Water pollution is caused by organic and inorgani c industrial +waste and effluents discharged in to rivers. +iii. Noise pollution : Not only results irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing +impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other psychological +effects. +iv. Thermal pollution : Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from +factories and thermal plants is drained into river and ponds before cooling.CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +effects. +iv. Thermal pollution : Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from +factories and thermal plants is drained into river and ponds before cooling. +11. +12. Recently sugar mills have migrated to the south ern and western states of Indiaespecially Maharashtra. The reasons for the shift a re- +i. The cooler climate in those states which lengthe ns the crushing season. +ii. Increase in the sucrose contents of the cane. +iii. Another factor is the success of co-operatives of these western and southern states +of India. +13. +14. The follwoing features prove that the cotton an d textile industry of India occupies a +unique position: +i. India shares one fourth in the world trade of co tton yarn. +ii. India shares four percent in garments. +iii. Spinning mills are competitive at the global l evel and capable of using all the +fibers produced in India. +iv. It contributes 14 percent to total industrial p roduction. +v. It generates employment for 35 million person.CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +fibers produced in India. +iv. It contributes 14 percent to total industrial p roduction. +v. It generates employment for 35 million person. +vi. It earns foreign exchange which is 24.6 percent of total earning. +vii. It contributes four percent in the GDP of the country.15. The manufacturing industry is of great importan ce for a country's economy. It helps +in following ways: +i. Uplifts agriculture sector : Manufacturing industry not only help in modernizi ng +agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy , they also reduce the +heavy dependence of people on agricultural income b y providing them jobs in +secondary and tertiary sector. Therefore it is of g reat importance to the country's +economy. +ii. Eradicates poverty and unemployment : Industrial development is a precondition +for eradication of unemployment and poverty from th e country. This was the +main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in +India.CHAPTER 16 -GEOGRAPHY-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +for eradication of unemployment and poverty from th e country. This was the +main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in +India. +iii. Boosts trade and commerece : Export of manufactured goods expands trade and +commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange . +iv. Makes country prosperous : Countries that transform their raw materials into a +wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +1. Who criticised the glorification of reason and s cience and focused instead on +emotions, intuition and mystical feelings? (1) +a. Romantic artists and poets +b. The Liberals +c. The political Radicals +d. The Large Landowners +2. In 1861 "he" was proclaimed king of united Italy . Identify "he". (1) +a. Otto von Bismarck +b. Giuseppe Garibaldi +c. Cavour +d. Victor Emmanuel II +3. After a failed revolt led by ___ and his United Irishmen , Ireland was forcibly +incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801. (1) +a. Giuseppe Mazzini +b. Wolfe Tone +c. Metternich +d. Lord Byron +4. Name the religious composition of Ireland. (1) +a. Catholics and Protestants +b. Buddhists and French +c. Protestants and Buddhists +d. Catholics and French +5. Read the given statement based on Napoleonic Cod e. Which of the following is +incorrect? (1)a. It is also known as Criminal Code.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +c. Protestants and Buddhists +d. Catholics and French +5. Read the given statement based on Napoleonic Cod e. Which of the following is +incorrect? (1)a. It is also known as Criminal Code. +b. It established equality before the law. +c. It secured the right to property. +d. It did away with all privileges based on birth. +6. What was the reason for the rejection of Frankfu rt Parliament by the Wilhelm IV, +king of Prussia? (1) +7. Who remarked, "When France sneezes the rest of Eu rope catches a cold"? (1) +8. In which event of history, we observe the clear e xpression of nationalism? (1) +9. In which year was the Treaty of Vienna signed? (1) +10. Outline the features of Vienna Treaty. (3) +11. Compare the views of liberals and conservatives . (3) +12. Name the female allegory who represents France. Describe her main +characteristics. (3) +13. How did Nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain. (3)CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +12. Name the female allegory who represents France. Describe her main +characteristics. (3) +13. How did Nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain. (3) +14. Why were the years of 1830's of great hardship in Europe? Explain any five +reasons. (5) +15. How had the female figures become an allegory o f the nation during nineteenth +century in Europe? Analyse. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +Answers +1. a. Romantic artists and poets +Explanation: Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to dev elop a +particular form of nationalist sentiment.Romantic a rtists and poets generally +criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on +emotions, intuition and mystical feelings. +2. d. Victor Emmanuel II +Explanation: In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of u nited Italy. +3. b. Wolfe Tone +Explanation: Catholic revolts against British dominance were sup pressed.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +2. d. Victor Emmanuel II +Explanation: In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of u nited Italy. +3. b. Wolfe Tone +Explanation: Catholic revolts against British dominance were sup pressed. +After a failed revolt led by Wolfe Tone and his Uni ted Irishmen (1798), Ireland +was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom i n 1801. +4. a. Catholics and Protestants +Explanation: Ireland was a country deeply divided between Cathol ics and +Protestants. The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their +dominance over a largely Catholic country. Catholic revolts against British +dominance were suppressed. +5. a. It is also known as Criminal Code. +Explanation: Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code – did +away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and +secured the right to property. +6. The assembly which was convened at Frankfurt by political associations, middle-classCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +secured the right to property. +6. The assembly which was convened at Frankfurt by political associations, middle-class +professionals and businessmen drafted a constitutio n in 1848. The reason for the +rejection was that the members drafted a Constituti on for the German nation which +was to be headed by a monarchy subject to a Parliam ent. +7. Metternich remarked, "When France sneezes the res t of Europe catches a cold".8. We observe the clear expression of nationalism i n the event French Revolution of +1789. +9. The Treaty of Vienna was signed in the year 1815 . +10. The treaty of Vienna was drawn up in 1815 at Vi enna, Austria. For this treaty the +representatives of European Powers-Russia, Britain, P russia and Austria who had +collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna. The m eeting was hosted by the +Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The objective of Vienna Congress was undoing +most of the changes that had come about in the Euro pe during the Napoleonic War.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The objective of Vienna Congress was undoing +most of the changes that had come about in the Euro pe during the Napoleonic War. +11. The comparison of liberal and conservative view s are as follows: +Liberals Conservatives +1. Most of the follwers of liberalism were people f rom +middle classes.1. Conservatives were the +people who belonged to +upper class or associated +with them. +2. Liberals stood for the end of autocracy. They +argued for a representative, elected parliamentary +govenment. But they did not believe in universal ad ult +franchise.2. They supported autocracy +and were non-believer of a +representative government, +3. They favoured radical changes like - abolition o f +clerical privileges.3. They favoured only those +which could strengthen +autocratic monarchies of +Europe. +12. Marianne was a female allegory who represented France. +Her characteristics are as follows: +i. It represented liberty, justice, and the republic.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +autocratic monarchies of +Europe. +12. Marianne was a female allegory who represented France. +Her characteristics are as follows: +i. It represented liberty, justice, and the republic. +ii. These were the red cap, the tricolour, the cockad e. +iii. The statues of Marianne were erected in public squares to remind people of the +national symbol of unity.iv. Her images were marked on coins and stamps of 1 850. +v. This figure of ‘Marianne’ gave the abstract idea o f the nation a concrete form +which became an allegory of the nation also. +13. Nationalism developed through culture in Europe : +i. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation. Art, music, +literature and drama helped to express, shape and st rengthen nationalist +sentiments. +ii. The cultural movement of Romanticism aimed at d eveloping a particular form of +nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets g enerally focussed on emotions,CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +sentiments. +ii. The cultural movement of Romanticism aimed at d eveloping a particular form of +nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets g enerally focussed on emotions, +intuition and mystical feelings and criticized the glorification of reason and +science. +iii. Romantics like the German philosopher Johann G ottfried Herder held the view +that true German culture could be discovered only a mong the common people, the +Das Volk. The true spirit of a nation was popularis ed through folk songs, folk +poetry and folk dances. +iv. The emphasis on vernacular language and the col lection of local folklore were +used to carry the modern nationalist message to lar ge audiences who were mostly +illiterates. +14. The decade of 1830 had brought great economic h ardship or crisis in Europe due to +the following reasons: +i. The first half of the nineteenth century saw an increase in population, all over +Europe. There was a scarcity of jobs and few employ ment opportunitiesCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +the following reasons: +i. The first half of the nineteenth century saw an increase in population, all over +Europe. There was a scarcity of jobs and few employ ment opportunities +ii. Migration of rural people to the cities further made the situation worse. +iii. Small scale producers in towns sometimes faced with stiff competition from rural +areas where production was carried out mainly in ho mes or small workshops. +These products imported from rural areas were obvio usly cheaper than town- +made products. +iv. In those parts of Europe where aristocracy was strong and enjoyed enormous +powers, the peasants groaned under the burden of feu dal dues and taxation. +v. Due to population, the demand for food increased. It led to rise in food prices. This +increased price along with a year of bond harvests led to widespread pauperism intowns and country. +15. i. In olden times, the best way to present an id ea was through symbolicCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +increased price along with a year of bond harvests led to widespread pauperism intowns and country. +15. i. In olden times, the best way to present an id ea was through symbolic +personifications. This was the most common and appe aling way to invite people's +attention. +ii. From 1789, females appeared in paintings as a sy mbol of liberty and revolution. +Artists, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, often made efforts to represent +a country as if it were a person. The female figure s were chosen to express an +abstract idea of a nation. These female figures, thu s, became an allegory of the +nation. +iii. During the French Revolution, many symbolic per sonifications of 'Liberty' and +'Reason' appeared. In France, the female figure was christened Marianne, which +was characterized by Liberty and the Republic - the red cap. the tricolour, the +cockade. Statues of Marianne stood in public square s to remind the people of the +national symbol of unity.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (9).txt +was characterized by Liberty and the Republic - the red cap. the tricolour, the +cockade. Statues of Marianne stood in public square s to remind the people of the +national symbol of unity. +iv. Statues of Marianne were erected in public plac es to remind the public of the +national symbol of unity and to persuade them to id entify with it. +v. Marianne images were marked on coins and stamps, +vi. Similarly, Germania became the symbol of the Ger man nation. This work was +done by the artist Philip Veit. He depicted Germani a as a female figure standing +against a background where beams of sunlight shone through the tricolour fabric +of the national flag. In visual representations, Ger mania wore the crown of oak +leaves, as the German oak stood for heroism. Germani a became the allegory of the +German nation. +vii. During the French Revolution, artists used the formal allegory to portray ideas +such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 16 Power Sharing +1. The principal of majoritarianism led to a civil war in: (1) +a. Britain +b. Belgium +c. Sri Lanka +d. Tamil Nadu +2. 'Community government’ in Belgium is a good examp le of which arrangement? (1) +a. Power shared among social groups +b. Power shared among different levels of governmen t +c. Power shared among different parties +d. Power shared among different organs of governmen t +3. A belief that the majority community should be a ble to rule a country in whichever +way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs o f the minority refers to: (1) +a. Minoritarianism +b. Majoritarianism +c. Communalism +d. domination +4. Following are the features of Belgium model. Ide ntify the incorrect one. (1) +a. The number of Dutch and French-speaking minister s shall be equal in the central +government. +b. Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of +the two regions.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a. The number of Dutch and French-speaking minister s shall be equal in the central +government. +b. Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of +the two regions. +c. There will be third kind of government called ‘co mmunity government’. +d. no power sharing among centre-state will done. +5. When compared to the size of Indian state, Belgiu m is smaller than which of thefollowing? (1) +a. Goa +b. Sikkim +c. Rajasthan +d. Haryana +6. Which factor is responsible for increasing the f eeling of alienation among the Sri +Lankan, Tamils? (1) +7. What is the significance of the word 'Ethnic'? (1) +8. Name any two countries with which Belgium has bo rders. (1) +9. Which two languages are generally spoken in Belg ium? (1) +10. What do you mean by power sharing? (3) +11. Describe any three majoritarian measures adopte d by the Sri Lankan Government to +establish Sinhala supremacy. (3) +12. What do you mean by good democratic front? Expla in. (3)CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +11. Describe any three majoritarian measures adopte d by the Sri Lankan Government to +establish Sinhala supremacy. (3) +12. What do you mean by good democratic front? Expla in. (3) +13. "Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies, but they follow different systems of +power sharing". Support the statement by giving thr ee points of difference. (3) +14. Describe any three demands of the Sri Lankan Ta mils? How did they struggle for their +demands? (5) +15. Explain the power sharing arrangement among the different social groups. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 16 Power Sharing +Answers +1. c. Sri Lanka +Explanation: Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948 . The +leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure d ominance over government +by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democr atically elected government +adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establ ish Sinhala supremacy.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democr atically elected government +adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establ ish Sinhala supremacy. +The distrust between the two communities turned int o widespread conflict. It +soon turned into a CIVIL WAR. +2. a. Power shared among social groups +Explanation: ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example o f +'Power shared among social groups'. +3. b. Majoritarianism +Explanation: Majoritarianism: A belief that the majority communi ty should +be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants , by disregarding the wishes +and needs of the minority. The policy of Majoritari anism was followed in +Srilanka. +4. d. no power-sharing among centre-state will done . +Explanation: Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model: +The number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers s hall be equal in the +central government. Many powers of the central gove rnment have been givenCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +The number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers s hall be equal in the +central government. Many powers of the central gove rnment have been given +to state governments of the two regions. There will be third kind of government +called ‘community government’. +5. d. Haryana +Explanation: Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in are a than the +state of Haryana. +6. Majoritarianism is a major factor responsible fo r increasing the feeling of alienation +among the Srilankan Tamils.7. The word ethnic means social divisions based on shared cultural tradition. +8. France and Luxembourg are the adjoining countrie s of Belgium. +9. French and Dutch +10. Power sharing means sharing of responsibility and p owers among different +organs and levels of government. +The concept of providing a permanent share of power in the government to +different communities or regions is termed as power -sharing. +Under this the people and the leaders of the nation respect the feelings andCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +different communities or regions is termed as power -sharing. +Under this the people and the leaders of the nation respect the feelings and +interests of different communities and regions. +It is a strategy for resolving disputes over-exerci sing of power. +It is a powerful approach to unite the diversities by making them party to the +decision making process. +The principle of power-sharing is very important fo r the unity and growth of +democracy. +11. Sri Lankan Tamils felt alienated because: +i. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala a s the only official language. +ii. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants +for university positions and government jobs. +iii. A new Constitution stipulated that the state s hall protect and foster Buddhism. +iv. Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major P olitical parties led by the Buddhist +Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. +12. In good democratic frontCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iv. Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major P olitical parties led by the Buddhist +Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. +12. In good democratic front +i. People rule through the representatives elected by themself. +ii. Due respect is given to different groups and vi ews that exist in the country. +iii. Every one has right to vote and value of each vote is equal. +iv. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public p olicies and as many people as +possible should share power. +13. The difference in power-sharing of Belgium and Sri Lanka : +i. In Belgium, the government does not follow prefer ential policies in matters of jobsand education. +ii. In Belgium, there is a special government called "Community Government' to look +after the cultural, educational and language related issues. In Sri Lanka, the major +political parties are not sensitive to the language and culture of the Tamils.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +after the cultural, educational and language related issues. In Sri Lanka, the major +political parties are not sensitive to the language and culture of the Tamils. +iii. In Belgium, there is no discrimination between different religions. In Sri Lanka, +Buddhism is the official religion. +iv. In 1956 Sri Lankan government passed an act to recognize Sinhala as the only +official language whereas Belgium government tried to protect and foster all the +languages spoken by the people. +14. Following were the three demands of Sri Lankan Tamils: +i. Recognition of Tamil language: Tamil language to be recognized as an official +language and Tamil should be given equal status wit h that of the Sinhala language +and should be added as an official language. +ii. Regional autonomy: Their religion should be equally respected with tha t of +Buddhism and they should be given equal political r ights. +iii. Equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs: There should beCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Buddhism and they should be given equal political r ights. +iii. Equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs: There should be +no discrimination between the Sri Lankan Tamils and Sinhala residents of Sri +Lanka in government jobs and university posts. +In order to protest for their demand, they started a political struggle in the way of +conflict with the government. +i. By 1980s several political organisations were fo rmed demanding an independent +Tamil Eelam (State) in northern and eastern parts o f Sri Lanka. +ii. The distrust between the two communities turned into a wider conflict which soon +turned into a civil war. +iii. As a result, thousands of people of both commun ities were killed, causing a +terrible setback to the social, cultural and economi c life of the country. +15. i. In a democracy, especially in a multi-ethnic society, power is also shared among +social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +15. i. In a democracy, especially in a multi-ethnic society, power is also shared among +social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. +ii. Community government in Belgium is a good examp le of this arrangement. +iii. In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby +socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures andadministration. +iv. In India to provide share in power to backward and other classes, a system of +reserved constituencies in assemblies and the parli ament is followed. +v. This type arrangement is meant to give a proper share in the government and +administration to diverse social groups who otherwi se would feel alienated from +the Government. +vi. Minorities are well accommodated through the re served constituencies in +assemblies and the parliament of our country. +vii. Women are also ensured political participation through the reservation of seats.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +assemblies and the parliament of our country. +vii. Women are also ensured political participation through the reservation of seats. +viii. Power sharing among social groups is an examp le of prudential set of reason.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +1. Why was the Treaty of Vienna drawn up in 1815? (1) +a. To divide the German Confederation of 39 states +b. To restore the monarchies +c. To abolish tariff barriers +d. None of these +2. What do the saints, angels and Christ symbolise i n the utopian vision? (1) +a. Resentment against nations +b. Equality among people +c. Freedom of nations +d. Fraternity among nations +3. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, Europea n governments were driven by a +spirit of __ . (1) +a. Liberalism +b. Conservatism +c. Radicalism +d. Nationalism +4. Who believed that established, traditional instit utions of state and society – like the +monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be +preserved? (1) +a. Conservatives +b. Communalist +c. Moderates +d. Liberals +5. Identify this famous personality from the inform ation given below. (1)CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +preserved? (1) +a. Conservatives +b. Communalist +c. Moderates +d. Liberals +5. Identify this famous personality from the inform ation given below. (1) +i. He became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari.ii. As a young man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in +Liguria. +a. Friedrich Wilhelm IV +b. Karol Kurpinski +c. Louis Philippe +d. Giuseppe Mazzini +6. Name the Balkan countries. (1) +7. Name the painting prepared by Frederic Sorrieu i n 1848. (1) +8. What was the major issue taken up by the liberal nationalists? (1) +9. What was the major change that occurred in the p olitical and constitutional scenario +due to French Revolution in Europe? (1) +10. List any three features of the Civil Code of 18 04 usually known as the Napoleonic +Code. (3) +11. How did a wave of economic nationalism strength en the wider nationalist sentiment +growing in Europe? Explain. (3)CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +Code. (3) +11. How did a wave of economic nationalism strength en the wider nationalist sentiment +growing in Europe? Explain. (3) +12. How did Romanticism seek to develop a particula r form of nationalist sentiments +during eighteenth century? (3) +13. What were the effects of revolutionary upheaval in France in 1830? (3) +14. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in m any European states after 1815. +Explain with examples. (5) +15. "Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field, he had +incorporated revolutionary principles in order to m ake the whole system more +rational and efficient." Analyse the statement with arguments. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe +Answers +1. b. To restore the monarchies +Explanation: Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the +changes that had come about in Europe during the Na poleonic wars. +(i.e To restore the monarchies)CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +Explanation: Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the +changes that had come about in Europe during the Na poleonic wars. +(i.e To restore the monarchies) +2. d. Fraternity among nations +Explanation: In an utopian vision,Christ, saints and angels gaze u pon the +scene from the heavens above.They have been used by the artist to symbolise +fraternity among the nations of the world. +3. b. Conservatism +Explanation: Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European +governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism . Conservatives believed +that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, +the Church, social hierarchies, property and the fami ly – should be preserved. +4. a. Conservatives +Explanation: Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European +governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism . Conservatives believed +that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy,CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism . Conservatives believed +that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, +the Church, social hierarchies, property and the fami ly – should be preserved. +5. d. Giuseppe Mazzini +Explanation: Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary. Born in Genoa +in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. As a young +man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attemp ting a revolution in Liguria. +6. The Balkan nations comprise Bulgaria, Romania, Alb ania, Macedonia, Greece, Bosnia- +Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia which are inhabited mostly by +the slaves. +7. The painting prepared by Frederic Sorrieu in 184 8 was ‘The Dream of WorldwideDemocratic and Social Republics-The Pact between Na tions’. +8. The Freedom of Press was one of the foremost iss ues addressed by the liberal +nationalists.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +8. The Freedom of Press was one of the foremost iss ues addressed by the liberal +nationalists. +9. The French Revolution resulted in the transfer o f sovereignty from the monarchy +under King Louis XVI of the Bourbon monarchy to a b ody of French citizens, thus +turning the nation into a Republic. +10. Napoleon incorporated revolutionary principles in the administrative field to make +the whole system more rational and effective. His c ivil code of 1804 was known as +Napoleonic Code. +i. It did away with all the privileges based on bir th. +ii. It established equality before the law and secu red the right to property. +iii. It simplified administrative divisions and abo lished feudal system. It freed +peasants from serfdom and manorial duties. +iv. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen f ound new-found freedom as +guild restrictions were removed in towns also. +11. Economic nationalism strengthened the wider nat ionalist sentiment. Economically, +liberalism stood for:CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +guild restrictions were removed in towns also. +11. Economic nationalism strengthened the wider nat ionalist sentiment. Economically, +liberalism stood for: +i. Freedom of markets. +ii. End of restrictions on state borders on movemen t of capital and goods. +iii. In 1834, a Zollverein or customs union was form ed by Prussia. This was joined by +many German states. +iv. This union lowered the number of currencies to two from over thirty and +abolished the existing tariff barriers. +v. A network of railways led to great mobility. Thi s also gave an impetus to national +unity. +12. Romanticism refers to a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular +form of national sentiments. It aroused the nationa list sentiments in the following +ways: +i. Romantic artists and poets generally criticized the glorification of reason andscience and focused on emotions, institutions and my stical feeling. +ii. Their efforts was to create a sense of shared a nd collective heritage, a commonCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +ii. Their efforts was to create a sense of shared a nd collective heritage, a common +culture of past, as the basis of nation. +iii. Some German Romantics believed that through fo lk songs, the true sprit of the +nation can be popularized. German culture was to be discovered among the +common people. +13. The effects of revolutionary upheaval in France in 1830 were as follows: +i. The Bourbon dynasty which was restored in 1815 w as overthrown by the liberal +revolutionaries. +ii. Louis Philippe became the head of the constitut ional monarchy that was installed. +iii. Belgium broke away from the United Kingdom of Netherlands following an +uprising in Brussels. +14. Revolutionaries spread the idea in Europe after 1815 in the following ways: +i. The autocratic rule after 1815 had caused fear o f repression so the liberal- +nationalists started to work underground. +ii. They established many secret societies to train revolutionaries and spread their +ideas.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +nationalists started to work underground. +ii. They established many secret societies to train revolutionaries and spread their +ideas. +iii. They opposed monarchical forms of governments that were established after the +Vienna Congress. +iv. They fought for liberty and freedom and thought the creation of nation-state as a +necessary part of their struggle for freedom. +v. Being a revolutionary was a commitment to strugg le for liberty and freedom and +they considered nation states necessary for it to h appen. +vi. They formed secret societies to spread ideas an d train revolutionaries. For eg, +Giuseppe Mazzini founded secret societies like Young Italy and Young Europe for +the unification of fragmented Italy. +vii. Following Mazzini’s model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, +Switzerland and Poland. +viii. Liberalism and nationalism brought revolution in many regions of Europe like theCHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +vii. Following Mazzini’s model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, +Switzerland and Poland. +viii. Liberalism and nationalism brought revolution in many regions of Europe like the +provinces of the Ottoman Empire, Ireland, Poland besi des Italy and Germany.15. Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field, he had +incorporated revolutionary principles in order to m ake the whole system more +rational and efficient. Revolutionary principles of administration by Napoleon are as +follows: +i. The Napoleonic Code of 1804 removed privileges b y birth. Everyone was equal +before the law and got the right to property. The c ode was used in regions under +French control. +ii. Simplified administrative divisions. +iii. Feudal system was abolished and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial +dues. +iv. Guild restrictions were removed in towns. Artis an, peasants, businessmen, and +workers found new freedom for doing their work.CHAPTER 1-HISTORY-- THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE -QUESTION PAPER -WORKSHEET (11).txt +dues. +iv. Guild restrictions were removed in towns. Artis an, peasants, businessmen, and +workers found new freedom for doing their work. +v. Uniform laws, standardized weights, and measures a long with a common +currency made exchange and movement of goods far ea sier. +vi. Transport and communication systems were improv ed.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 16 Power Sharing +1. The __________ launched parties and struggles fo r the recognition of Tamil as an +official language, for regional autonomy and equalit y of opportunity in securing +education and jobs. (1) +a. Muslims +b. Sri Lankan Tamils +c. Christians +d. Sinhalas +2. It is the law-making organ of the government. (1) +a. defence +b. Legislature +c. Executive +d. Judiciary +3. Under Belgian model, Constitution prescribes that the number of _____ & ____ +ministers shall be equal in the central government. (1) +a. English and French speaking +b. Dutch and French-speaking +c. German and English speaking +d. Dutch and German speaking +4. Which community has increased the feeling of ali enation in Sri Lanka? (1) +a. Indian Tamils +b. Sri Lankan Tamils +c. Sinhalas +d. Christians +5. It is an organ of the government which interpret s the laws made (1)a. Judiciary +b. Executive +c. Legislature +d. AdministratorCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +b. Sri Lankan Tamils +c. Sinhalas +d. Christians +5. It is an organ of the government which interpret s the laws made (1)a. Judiciary +b. Executive +c. Legislature +d. Administrator +6. In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government soug ht to ensure the dominance of which +is language speaking people? (1) +7. Mention any one characteristics of power sharing . (1) +8. How is power shared in modern democracies? (1) +9. State two main basis of the social divisions in Sri Lanka. (1) +10. How is the ethnic composition of Belgium very c omplex? Explain. (3) +11. Write down the features of Vertical division of power sharing. (3) +12. What is power sharing? Why power sharing is impo rtant in a democracy? (3) +13. Explain the differences between horizontal powe r sharing and vertical power +sharing. (3) +14. Briefly explain the ways in which power sharing between different organs of the +government results in the maintenance of balance of power. (5)CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +sharing. (3) +14. Briefly explain the ways in which power sharing between different organs of the +government results in the maintenance of balance of power. (5) +15. Describe the population composition of Sri Lank a and the reasons for the formation of +Majoritarian government in 1948. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 16 Power Sharing +Answers +1. b. Sri Lankan Tamils +Explanation: The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggle s for the +recognition of Tamil as an official language, for re gional autonomy and equality +of opportunity in securing education and jobs.But t heir demand for more +autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was r epeatedly denied +2. b. Legislature +Explanation: The different organs of the government:- +i. Legislature → makes laws +ii. Executive → enforces those laws +iii. Judiciary → interprets those laws +3. b. Dutch and French-speaking +Explanation: Between 1970 and 1993,the constitution was amended f ourCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +ii. Executive → enforces those laws +iii. Judiciary → interprets those laws +3. b. Dutch and French-speaking +Explanation: Between 1970 and 1993,the constitution was amended f our +times so as to work out an arrangement that would e nable everyone to live +together within the same country. +Under the Belgian model, its Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch +and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. +4. b. Sri Lankan Tamils +Explanation: All these government measures, coming one after the other, +gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They +felt that none of the major political parties led b y the Buddhist Sinhala leaders +was sensitive to their language and culture. +5. a. Judiciary +Explanation: The different organs of the government:- +i. Legislature → makes laws +ii. Executive → enforces those lawsCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +was sensitive to their language and culture. +5. a. Judiciary +Explanation: The different organs of the government:- +i. Legislature → makes laws +ii. Executive → enforces those laws +iii. Judiciary → interprets those laws6. The policies of the government under the Act of 1956 sought to ensure the dominance +of Sinhala speaking people in Sri Lanka. +7. It gives people the right to be consulted. +8. In modern democracies, power is shared among diff erent organs of government, +among government at different levels and among vari ous political parties, pressure +groups etc. +9. Religion and Language +10. The ethnic composition of a small country, Belgi um is very complex. Ethnic is a social +division based on shared culture. People belonging to the same ethnic group believe +in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture. +i. Of the country's total population, 59% live in th e Flemish region and speak the +Dutch language.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture. +i. Of the country's total population, 59% live in th e Flemish region and speak the +Dutch language. +ii. Another 40% of people live in the Wallonia and speak French. +iii. Remaining 1% of the Belgians speak German. +iv. 80% of people speak French while 20% are Dutch- German speaking in the capital +city Brussels. +11. i. In vertical division of Power Sharing power is shared among the different levels of +the government like Union Government, state governme nt and Lower levels. +ii. Different levels of the government exercise the power of the government. +iii. No specification of the system of checks and b alance. +iv. It ensures the concept of deepening of democrac y. +v. Central Government, State Government and Panchaya t Raj are the example of the +Vertical division of Power Sharing. +12. i. When the power does not rest with any one or gan of the state rather it is sharedCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +Vertical division of Power Sharing. +12. i. When the power does not rest with any one or gan of the state rather it is shared +among the legislature, executive and judiciary it is called power sharing. +ii. Power sharing is important in a democracy becau se: +a. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict b etween social groups. +b. It is the very spirit of democracy. +c. It is a good way to ensure the stability of the political order. +d. A democratic government is chosen by the people. So, they have the right to beconsulted on how they are to be governed. A legitim ate government is one +where groups, through participation, acquire a stake in the system. +13. In a modern democracy, power-sharing arrangement can take many forms. It can be +horizontal or vertical. +Horizontal Division of Power +SharingVertical Division of Power Sharing +A. Horizontal Division of power, in +which power is shared among +different organs of the government +like legislature, Executive andCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +SharingVertical Division of Power Sharing +A. Horizontal Division of power, in +which power is shared among +different organs of the government +like legislature, Executive and +Judiciary.A. In vertical division of Power Sharing +power is shared among the different levels +of the government like Union Government, +state government and Lower levels. +B. Different organs of the government +exercise power.B. Different levels of the government +exercise the power of the government. +C. It specifies the concept of check and +balance.C. No specification of the system of checks +and balance. +14. i. Power is shared among different organs of go vernment like the legislature, +executive and judiciary. It is called vertical dist ribution of power because it allows +different organs of the government placed at the sa me level to exercise different +powers. +ii. Each organ is equally important in a democracy and they exercise different +powers.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +different organs of the government placed at the sa me level to exercise different +powers. +ii. Each organ is equally important in a democracy and they exercise different +powers. +iii. Separation of powers ensures that all organs e xercise their power within limits. +iv. Each organ checks the others. This results in t he maintenance of balance of power +among various institutions. +v. The equivalent distribution of power allows diff erent organs of government at the +same level to employ various powers. +vi. This guarantees that all structures are given w ith equal power. The judges are +elected by the executive but the judges can check t he functioning of the executive +or laws made by the legislature. This is called as a system of checks and balances. +vii. Our constitution is drafted in such a way that each organ inspects the other +organs.viii. E.g. though ministers and officials exercise power, they are still answerable to theCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +vii. Our constitution is drafted in such a way that each organ inspects the other +organs.viii. E.g. though ministers and officials exercise power, they are still answerable to the +Parliament or State Assemblies. Also, Judges are app ointed by the executive; they +can verify the operations of executive. +ix. This enables the maintenance of balance of powe r between different organs of the +government. +15. i. It is an Island nation south of India. Tamil natives are called Sri Lankan Tamils +and formed 13% population. +ii. The Indian Tamils whose forefathers had come fr om India as plantation workers +formed 5% population. +iii. The Sinhala Buddhist, who was 74% of the popula tion, formed the majority +government after independence in 1948. +iv. Tamils are either Hindus or Muslims, 7% of the p eople are Christian who are both +Tamil and Sinhala. +v. Sinhalese enjoy majority and can impose their wi ll on the entire country.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper-03 +Chapter-15 Life Lines of National Economy +1. Which is the cheapest means of transport? (1) +a. railways +b. Pipeline +c. waterways +d. roadways +2. ______ are considered first–class mail and are ai rlifted between stations covering both +land and air. (1) +a. parcels +b. inland letters +c. Cards and envelopes +d. registered post +3. Which one of the following ports is the deepest land-locked and well protected port +along the east coast? (1) +a. Paradwip +b. Vishakhapatnam +c. Chennai +d. Tuticorin +4. In which language does the All India Radio not b roadcast its various +programmes? (1) +a. Regional +b. National +c. International +d. Local +5. Kolkata port is an inland ________ port. (1) +a. Tidal +b. Flood +c. Natural +d. Riverine +6. Name some inland waterways apart from national w aterways on whichtransportation takes place. (1) +7. Where is the headquarter of the southern railway zone? (1)CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +c. Natural +d. Riverine +6. Name some inland waterways apart from national w aterways on whichtransportation takes place. (1) +7. Where is the headquarter of the southern railway zone? (1) +8. National Highways are constructed and maintained by which department? (1) +9. Mention any one limitation of airways. (1) +10. Why is air travel more popular in the North Eas tern states of India? Explain. (3) +11. Explain the dimensions and length of different types of Railway Gauges. (3) +12. Explain the different categories of mail. (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. +Identify these features with the help of the follow ing information and write their +correct names on the lines marked on the map. +a. Northern most tip of NH-7 +b. Extreme South-West Port +ii. Locate and Label Kolkata inland Riverine port w ith appropriate symbols on the +same map given for identification (3)CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +a. Northern most tip of NH-7 +b. Extreme South-West Port +ii. Locate and Label Kolkata inland Riverine port w ith appropriate symbols on the +same map given for identification (3) +14. "Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India." +Explain. (5) +15. Name the longest National Waterway of India. Wr ite any three points of importance +of waterways. (5)CBSE Test Paper-03 +Chapter-15 Life Lines of National Economy +Answers +1. c. waterways +Explanation: Since time immemorial, India was one of the seafari ng +countries. Its seamen sailed far and near, thus, carr ying and spreading Indian +commerce and culture. Waterways are the cheapest me ans of transport. It can +carry much larger quantities of heavy and bulky goo ds such as coal, heavy +machinery etc. +2. c. Cards and envelopes +Explanation: Cards and envelopes are considered first–class mail and are +airlifted between stations covering both land and a ir. +3. b. VishakhapatnamCHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +machinery etc. +2. c. Cards and envelopes +Explanation: Cards and envelopes are considered first–class mail and are +airlifted between stations covering both land and a ir. +3. b. Vishakhapatnam +Explanation: Vishakhapatnam is the deepest landlocked and well- protected +port. +This port was originally, conceived as an outlet for iron ore exports. +4. c. International +Explanation: All India Radio (Akashwani) broadcasts a variety o f programmes +in national, regional and local languages for variou s categories of people, +spread over different parts of the country. +It does not broadcast in international languages. +5. d. Riverine +Explanation: Kolkata port is an inland riverine port. This port serves a very +large and rich hinterland of Ganga-Brahmaputra basi n. Being a tidal port it +requires constant dredging of Hoogly. +6. Inland waterways on which transportation to an e xtent takes place includes Mandavi,CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +requires constant dredging of Hoogly. +6. Inland waterways on which transportation to an e xtent takes place includes Mandavi, +Zuari, Cumberjua, Sunderbans, Barak and backwaters of Kerala. About 44 million +tonnes (49,000,000 short tons) of cargo is moved annu ally through these waterways +using mechanised vessels and country boats.7. Chennai is the headquarter of the southern railw ay zone. +8. National highways are constructed & maintained b y Central Public Works +Department (CPWD). +9. Airways is a costlier mode of transportation. Th e operating cost of aeroplanes are +higher and it involves a great deal of expenditure on the construction of aerodromes +and aircraft. Because of this reason, the fare for a ir transport is high that common +people can’t afford it. +10. In the North-Eastern part of our country air tr ansport is considered an important +transport because: +1. Big rivers : Due to the presence of big rivers like Brahmaputr a, it is difficult toCHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +10. In the North-Eastern part of our country air tr ansport is considered an important +transport because: +1. Big rivers : Due to the presence of big rivers like Brahmaputr a, it is difficult to +construct roads and railways so airways are suitabl e when rivers get flooded. +2. Dissected relief: Uneven surface-not suitable for the construction o f roadways +and railways even if we construct, it is a costly af fair. So, it is easy to travel by +airways. +3. Dense forests : Dense forests hamper the construction of roadways and +railways. +4. International Frontiers : International borders of China, Bangladesh, Myanmar +etc. can be easily travelled by airways without any hassles. +11. Following are different dimensions and length o f railway gauges: +Gauges in meters Route(km) Running track(km) Total Tra ck (km) +Broad Gauge (1,676) 46,807 66,754 88,547 +Metro Guage (1.000) 13,209 13,976 16,489 +Narrow Gauge(0.762 & 0.610) 3,124 3,129 3,450 +Total 63,221 83,859 1,08,486CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Broad Gauge (1,676) 46,807 66,754 88,547 +Metro Guage (1.000) 13,209 13,976 16,489 +Narrow Gauge(0.762 & 0.610) 3,124 3,129 3,450 +Total 63,221 83,859 1,08,486 +12. Mails are of two types: +1. First-class mail: This includes cards, envelops e tc. These are airlifted between +stations. These mails cover both land and are conne cted by air. +2. Second-class mail: These mails include book pack ets, registered newspapers, +periodicals etc. These are carried by surface mail, covering land and water.13. +14. i. These pipelines have been set mainly for the easy transportation of crude oil, +petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, minera ls in the slurry forms etc. +to remote and far-flung areas of the country. +ii. Though the input cost is very high yet the outp ut will have great side-effects on the +progress of the nation as a whole. There will be up liftment in the standard of +living as each village will have its own access to gas and electricity.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +progress of the nation as a whole. There will be up liftment in the standard of +living as each village will have its own access to gas and electricity. +iii. Earlier these were used to transport water to cities and industries but now these +are used to transport crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas. +iv. The initial cost of laying pipelines is high bu t running costs are minimal. +v. It is much better than others as it rules out de lays and losses. Some networks are +from an oilfield in upper Assam to Kanpur. +15. The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia is the longest National Waterway of +India. +Importance of waterways: +i. Waterways are most suitable for carrying heavy a nd bulky goods. +ii. It is a fuel efficient and environment-friendly mode of transport. +iii. More than 95% of the country's trade volume is moved by sea. +iv. It is the cheapest means of transport. +v. They are the natural routes which do not involve the cost of construction.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 16 Power Sharing +1. Between 1970 and 1993, Belgium leaders amended th eir constitution ______ times. (1) +a. five +b. two +c. three +d. four +2. Among Tamils there are _______ subgroups in Sri Lanka. (1) +a. Three +b. two +c. Five +d. Four +3. Which local government works at district level? (1) +a. Village panchayat +b. Zila Parishad +c. None of the mention above +d. Panchayat samiti +4. Identify the reason that can be given in favour of power sharing. (1) +a. it imposes domination of governments +b. it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict b etween social groups +c. it destabilizes the political structure +d. it encourages civil wars +5. By what name local government at urban area call ed? (1) +A) Municipality +B) Municipal corporation +C) Panchayat samitia. Both B and C are true +b. Only A is true +c. Both A and B are true +d. Only B is true +6. Which language is spoken by the majority of the population in Brussels, the capitalCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +C) Panchayat samitia. Both B and C are true +b. Only A is true +c. Both A and B are true +d. Only B is true +6. Which language is spoken by the majority of the population in Brussels, the capital +city of Belgium? (1) +7. How the division of power between higher and low er level of government is known +as? (1) +8. 'Sri Lankan Tamil' refers to which social group? (1) +9. What does the Coalition Government imply? (1) +10. The mayor of Marchtem, a town near Brussels in B elgium, has defended a ban on +speaking French in the town’s school. He said the ba n would help all non-Dutch +speakers integrate in this Flemish Town. Do you thi nk that this measure is in keeping +with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangeme nts? Give reasons in about 50 +words. (3) +11. Explain the consequences of the majoritarian po licies adopted by the Sri Lankan +government. (3) +12. Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. Justify this statement with suitable +points. (3)CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +government. (3) +12. Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. Justify this statement with suitable +points. (3) +13. Describe the power sharing arrangement made by Belgium? (3) +14. What are the outcomes and the lessons we learnt from the style of governance in Sri +Lanka and Belgium? (5) +15. How majoritarianism has increased the feeling o f alienation among the Sri Lankan +Tamils? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 16 Power Sharing +Answers +1. d. four +Explanation: Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constituti on four +times so as to work out an arrangement that would e nable everyone to live +together within the same country. +2. b. two +Explanation: Among Tamils there are two subgroups. Tamil natives of the +country Among Tamils there are two subgroups. Tamil natives of the country +are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ (13 per cent). The res t, whose forefathers came +from India as plantation workers during colonial pe riod, are called ‘Indian +Tamils’.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ (13 per cent). The res t, whose forefathers came +from India as plantation workers during colonial pe riod, are called ‘Indian +Tamils’. +3. b. Zila Parishad +Explanation: Zila Parishad is a local government body at the dis trict level in +India. +It looks after the administration of the rural area of the district and its office is +located at the district headquarters. +4. b. it helps to reduce the possibility of conflic t between social groups +Explanation: Two different sets of reasons can be given in favou r of power +sharing. Firstly, power sharing is good because it h elps to reduce the possibility +of conflict between social groups. Since social con flict often leads to violence +and political instability, power sharing is a good w ay to ensure the stability of +political order. +5. c. Both A and B are true +Explanation: Urban Local government implies the governance of an urban +area by the people through their elected representa tives. It is called asCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +political order. +5. c. Both A and B are true +Explanation: Urban Local government implies the governance of an urban +area by the people through their elected representa tives. It is called as +Municipality or Municipal Corporation. +6. The majority of the population in Brussels (80%) in the capital city of Belgium speaksthe French language. +7. The division of power is divided between upper a nd lower level of government is +known as Vertical division of power. Under this, the lower organs work under the +higher organs. +8. Tamil natives of the country is called ' Sri Lan kan Tamil'. +9. A coalition government is a cabinet of parliamen tary government in which several +parties cooperate. It generally happens when no par ty gets a majority in the +Parliament and several parties join together to pro ve their majority. +10. No, the measure taken by The Mayor of Merchtem i s not in keeping with the spirit of +Belgium’s power sharing arrangements. As 59% of the population in the FlemishCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +10. No, the measure taken by The Mayor of Merchtem i s not in keeping with the spirit of +Belgium’s power sharing arrangements. As 59% of the population in the Flemish +region speaks Dutch, the ban on speaking French in t he town’s schools would prevent +French and Dutch speakers to mingle with each other and also create feelings of +distrust and suspicion. The ban ignores the regiona l differences and cultural +diversities. It is against the spirit of accommodat ing every linguistic group and +creating a right environment for everyone to live. The ban, rather, makes the ground +for civic strife and a possible division of the com munity on linguistic lines. +11. Consequences of majoritarian policies adopted b y Sri Lankan Government were: +i. Tamils felt the government was not sensitive abo ut Tamil language and culture +because Sinhala was declared the official language. +ii. Tamils felt discriminated against securing jobs and education which were givenCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +because Sinhala was declared the official language. +ii. Tamils felt discriminated against securing jobs and education which were given +preferentially to the Sinhala speakers. +iii. Tamils felt the government was practising reli gious discrimination because the +State fostered Buddhism. Relations between Tamils a nd Sinhalese thus became +strained. +iv. By 1980s several political organisations were f ormed demanding an independent +Tamil State in northern and Eastern part of Sri Lan ka. +v. Majoritarianism measures adopted to establish Si nhala dominance over the Sri +Lankan Tamils led to widespread conflicts ending in civil war. +12. Power sharing is true spirit of democracy becau se:i. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict b etween social groups. +ii. It is a good way to ensure the stability of the political order. +iii. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and +who have to live with its effects.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +ii. It is a good way to ensure the stability of the political order. +iii. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and +who have to live with its effects. +iv. Here, people have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. Thus, a +legitimate government is one where citizens, through participation, acquire a +stake in the system. +v. These are the moral reasons which emphasise that the very act of power sharing is +valuable. +13. The main elements of the Belgium model of power -sharing include: +i. Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers +shall be equal in the Central Government. Some spec ial laws require the support +of the majority of members from each linguistic gro up. Thus, no single community +can make decisions unilaterally. +ii. Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments of +the two regions of the country.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +can make decisions unilaterally. +ii. Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments of +the two regions of the country. +iii. The Belgium model introduced a new concept of the third kind of government, i,e. +the communist government. This government is electe d by the people belonging to +one language community. +14. i. We realize that the two countries, Sri Lanka and Belgium, are similar in respect of +linguistic and ethnic diversity, yet both of them fo llowed opposite policies to +resolve the differences. +ii. The Majoritarianism measures as followed in Sri Lanka created feeling of +alienation among the Tamils leading to tensions in the region. It led to civil war +waged by the Tamils who fight to create an independ ent state named Tamil Elam +in the North and east of the Island. It is estimate d that the war has claimed the +lives of more than 68000 people since 1983 and it h as caused significant harms to +the population and the economy of the country.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +lives of more than 68000 people since 1983 and it h as caused significant harms to +the population and the economy of the country. +iii. The accommodation policies followed in Belgium have worked well so far. They +are complicated but nevertheless, have been able to prevent any outbreak of civil +war. The policies helped the leaders of the country in creating an enabling +environment for everyone to live together with unit y without disturbing the socialfabric of the country. The policies of the governme nt gave equal representation to +the different sections of the society. +iv. Therefore it is clear that to be able to hold t he country together, it is indispensable +to recognize and regard the culture and other ident ifying differences of various +groups and create mutually acceptable policies for sharing power. +In Sri Lanka, the majority Sinhala speakers wanted t o dominate the minority Tamil +speakers. They recognized Sinhala as the only offic ial language in the nation. ManyCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +In Sri Lanka, the majority Sinhala speakers wanted t o dominate the minority Tamil +speakers. They recognized Sinhala as the only offic ial language in the nation. Many +policies favoured Sinhala speakers for getting gove rnment jobs and many advantages +over tamil speakers. All these government measures increased the alienated feeling +among the Sri Lankan Tamils. As the government deni ed them equal rights, the +relations between Tamils and Sinhalas worsened. The demands of Tamils for equal +rights and opportunities were repeatedly denied by the government. Many political +leaders then started to demand for a independent ar ea. Tamil Elam, for the Tamils. +The tension between the two communities soon turned into a civil war and many +people from both communities lost their lives. Here , Sri Lanka refuses to share power, +and it eventually led to a disaster to the country. They wanted the majority +community to dominate over the minority community.CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +and it eventually led to a disaster to the country. They wanted the majority +community to dominate over the minority community. +The Belgian leaders took another path. They recogni zed every community and gave +them equal rights. +In Belgium the Dutch speaking community constituted a majority in the country and a +minority in the capital. The minority French speaki ng community was very rich and +held powers in the government. Later, when the Dutch became educated, they felt a +need to hold equal power in the government. This cr eated tension between the two +communities. Belgian government adopted a clever po licy to accommodate both the +communities in the country without any problems. Th e number of Dutch speaking +people and French speaking people were equal in the central government, so that no +group can take the decision unilaterally. They foll owed a federal system of +government, ie, the state was not the sub ordinate of the central government. BrusselsCHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +group can take the decision unilaterally. They foll owed a federal system of +government, ie, the state was not the sub ordinate of the central government. Brussels +had a separate government. The French speaking comm unity accepted equal +representation because the dutch accepted it in the central government. The type of +power sharing has led to a more stable and harmonio us type of government in +Belgium, unlike in Sri Lanka .15. Sri Lanka became independent in 1948. It immedi ately adopted measures to impose +Sinhala supremacy. +i. The Tamils felt alienated. No respect or recogni tion was given to their language, +culture and religion. +ii. They began a struggle for equality in jobs, entr y to the university, recognition of +their language and culture. +iii. Slowly the conflict changed into a demand for regional autonomy. +iv. The Tamilians were grouped together in the Nort h and East of Sri Lanka. +v. Their demands were ignored, the conflict became m ore severe and by the 1980s,CHAPTER 6-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POWER SHARING - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (10).txt +iv. The Tamilians were grouped together in the Nort h and East of Sri Lanka. +v. Their demands were ignored, the conflict became m ore severe and by the 1980s, +the Tamilian demands had changed. +vi. They wanted Tamil Eelam in the North and East. A civil war ensued, which killed +thousands on both sides. +vii. The flourishing economy of Sri Lanka has disap peared and the conflict has given a +blow to social, cultural and economic life of Sri La nka. +viii. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. +ix. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased +the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tami ls. +x. In 1956 an act was passed to recognise Sinhala a s the only official language, thus +disregarding Tamil.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +1. Which one of the following political parties was founded by reviving the Bharatiya +Jana Sangha? (1) +a. Rashtriya Janata Dal +b. Bharatiya Janata Party +c. Bahujan Samaj Party +d. Samajwadi Party +2. Who is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party (B SP)? (1) +a. Kanshi Ram +b. Jyotiba Phule +c. Sahu Maharaj +d. B.R. Ambedkar +3. The Constitution was amended to prevent elected _____ from changing parties. (1) +a. MLAs and MPs +b. Election Commissioner +c. MPs and Election Commissioner +d. Cabinet minister and Election Commissioner +4. ________ is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in +the government. (1) +a. Sectional Interest group +b. Public Interest Group +c. Pressure group +d. Political parties +5. Name the function that political parties does no t perform in the democracy. (1) +a. Parties form and run governmentb. To contest Election +c. Not making lawsCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +d. Political parties +5. Name the function that political parties does no t perform in the democracy. (1) +a. Parties form and run governmentb. To contest Election +c. Not making laws +d. Forming policies and programmes +6. Which country has one-party system? (1) +7. The Bahujan Samaj Party stands for what? Cause. (1) +8. The BJP formed the government in 1998 as the lea der of an alliance. Name the +alliance. (1) +9. What is an important function of a political par ty in India? (1) +10. Which national party draws inspiration from the teachings of Mahatma Phule and +Periyar? Write any three points related to this part y. (3) +11. Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so t hat they perform their functions +well. (3) +12. What is a political party? State any two points of the ideology of Bharatiya Janta +Party? (3) +13. Compare the party system of India with that of USA. (3) +14. Examine any two institutional amendments made b y different institutions to reformCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Party? (3) +13. Compare the party system of India with that of USA. (3) +14. Examine any two institutional amendments made b y different institutions to reform +political and their leaders. (5) +15. How would you explain the situation without pol itical parties in country? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +Answers +1. d. Samajwadi Party +Explanation: Samajwadi Party is the political party founded by r eviving the +Bharatiya Jana Sangha. +2. a. Kanshi Ram +Explanation: Bahujan SamajParty was formed in 1984 under the lea dership of +Kanshi Ram. Seeks to represent and secure power for the bahujan samaj which +includes the dalits, adivasis, OBCs and religious min orities. +3. a. MLAs and MPs +Explanation: The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLA s and MPs +from changing parties. This was done because many e lected representatives +were indulging in DEFECTION in order to become mini sters or for cash +rewards. +4. d. Political partiesCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +from changing parties. This was done because many e lected representatives +were indulging in DEFECTION in order to become mini sters or for cash +rewards. +4. d. Political parties +Explanation: Group of people who come together to contest electi ons and hold +power in the government is called a Political parti es. +5. c. Not making laws +Explanation: Making laws: When parties come into power, they make laws +for the country. Formally laws are debated and pass ed in the Legislature. +Members of the ruling party follow the directions o f the party leaders, +irrespective of their personal opinions. +6. China has a one-party system. +7. Bahujan Samaj Party Secures the interest of the oppressed people. +8. The BJP formed the government in 1988 as the lea der of National Democratic Alliance. +9. An Important function of a political party is to contest elections. +10. The party that draws inspiration from the ideas of Mahatma Phule is BSP. ( Bahujan +Samaj Party ).CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +9. An Important function of a political party is to contest elections. +10. The party that draws inspiration from the ideas of Mahatma Phule is BSP. ( Bahujan +Samaj Party ). +Policies of BSP are :i. It seeks to represent and secure power for the b ahujan samaj which includes the +Dalits, Adivasis, OBCs and religious minorities, +ii. It stands for the cause of securing interests a nd welfare of the oppressed people. +iii. The Party shall regard its ideology as a movem ent for ending exploitation of the +weaker sections and suppression of the deprived thr ough social and economic +change in keeping with the above stated chief aim, a nd its political activity and +participation in governance as an instrument of fur thering such a movement and +bringing in such a change. +iv. All citizens of India being equal before law ar e entitled to be treated as equal in +true sense and in all matters and all walks of life , and where equality does notCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +bringing in such a change. +iv. All citizens of India being equal before law ar e entitled to be treated as equal in +true sense and in all matters and all walks of life , and where equality does not +exist it has to be fostered and where equality is d enied it has to be upheld and +fought for. +11. i. A law should be made to regulate the interna l affairs of political parties. +ii. It should be mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets +about l/3rd to the women candidates. +iii. There should be state funding of elections. Th e government should give parties the +money to support the election expenses. +iv. People can put pressure on political parties th rough petitions, publicity and +agitation. Ordinary citizens, pressure groups, moveme nts and media can play a +vital role. +12. A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold +power in the government. They agree on some policie s and programmes for theCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +vital role. +12. A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold +power in the government. They agree on some policie s and programmes for the +society with a view to promote the collective good. +Ideology of BJP: +i. Wants full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India. +ii. A uniform civil code for all people living in t he country irrespective of religion. +iii. Cultural Nationalism. +iv. Strong and Modern India. +v. Full Integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India . +vi. Ban on Religious Conversion. +vii. Facilitating the construction of Shri Ram Temp le at Ayodhya etc. +13. i. In India, there is a multi-party system where as in the USA there is a bi-party +system. This system is also called a two-party syst em.ii. In India, top party leaders choose candidates fo r contesting elections whereas, in +the USA, members and supporters of a party choose it s candidate.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +the USA, members and supporters of a party choose it s candidate. +iii. In India sometimes many parties come together and form a coalition government, +however, in USA only one party forms government. +14. i. The Constitution was amended to prevent elec ted ML As and MP's from changing +parties. +ii. The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and +criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file +an affidavit giving details of his property and cri minal cases pending against him. +iii. The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties +to hold their organizational elections and file the ir income tax returns. +iv. The parties have started doing so but sometimes it is a mere formality. It is not +clear if this step has led to greater internal demo cracy in political parties. +15. i. We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation +without parties.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +clear if this step has led to greater internal demo cracy in political parties. +15. i. We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation +without parties. +ii. The every candidate in the elections will be in dependent. So no one will be able to +make any promise to the people about any major poli cy changes. +iii. The government will be formed but its utility will remain ever uncertain. +iv. Elected representatives will be responsible onl y to their constituency and not for +the entire country. +v. But no one will be responsible for how the count ry run. +vi. Elections without political parties will also b e responsible for the disintegration of +the country. +vii. India also has non-party based elections to th e panchayats in many states. +Although parties do not contest formally, it is gene rally noticed that the village +splits into more than one faction, each of which put s up a 'panel' of its candidates.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Although parties do not contest formally, it is gene rally noticed that the village +splits into more than one faction, each of which put s up a 'panel' of its candidates. +This is exactly what the party does. That is why we have political parties in almost +all the countries of the world. +viii. The rise of political parties is directly lin ked to the emergence of representative +democracies, large-scale societies need representati ve democracy. Large societies +needed some way to bring various representatives to gether so that a responsible +government could be formed.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +1. When state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest, +it is referred to as (1) +a. Religious politics +b. Regional Politics +c. Communal Politics +d. Secular Politics +2. Which is the literacy rate among women in India according to the census of 2001? (1) +a. 29% +b. 100% +c. 33% +d. 54% +3. Which Act provides that equal wages should be pa id for equal work to both men and +women? (1) +a. Equal Division of Labour Act +b. Equal Wage Act +c. High Wages Act +d. Equal Compensation Act +4. A system that values men more and gives them pow er over women is called (1) +a. patriarchy +b. hierarchy +c. domination +d. monarchy +5. A communal mind often leads to a quest for polit ical ______of one’s own religious +community. (1)a. dominance +b. cooperation +c. independence +d. dependence +6. What is the exact ratio of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in 2001? (1)CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +community. (1)a. dominance +b. cooperation +c. independence +d. dependence +6. What is the exact ratio of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in 2001? (1) +7. How is the caste of a person determined in India ? (1) +8. What does the Equal Wages Act signify? (1) +9. Name the leaders who worked for the elimination of caste system? (1) +10. How does religion influence the political set u p in our country? Explain. (3) +11. What do you mean by women's suffrage? (3) +12. How do ideas, ideals and values play a role in p olitics? (3) +13. Why does Kerala have the lowest Infant Mortalit y Rate? (3) +14. 'In actual life, democracy does not appear to be very successful in reducing economic +inequalities' - explain by giving examples. (5) +15. State different forms of communal politics with one example each. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +Answer +1. c. Communal Politics +Explanation: When state power is used to establish domination o f oneCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +Answer +1. c. Communal Politics +Explanation: When state power is used to establish domination o f one +religious group over the rest is referred to as Com munal Politics. +2. d. 54% +Explanation: The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared +with 76 per cent among men. +3. b. Equal Wage Act +Explanation: The Equal Wage Act, 1976 provides that equal wages should be +paid to equal work. However in almost all areas of work, from sports and +cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both +do exactly the same work. +4. a. patriarchy +Explanation: A system that values men more and gives them power over +women is called patriarchy. India is still a male-d ominated, PATRIARCHAL +society. +5. a. dominance +Explanation: A communal mind often leads to a quest for politic al dominance +of one’s own religious community. For those belongin g to majority community,CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +society. +5. a. dominance +Explanation: A communal mind often leads to a quest for politic al dominance +of one’s own religious community. For those belongin g to majority community, +this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the +minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political +unit. +6. Scheduled castes constitute 16.2% and scheduled tribes 8.2% +7. By the caste of the family in which he is born, t he caste of a person is determined in +India. +8. Equal Wages Act a federal statute which prevents discrimination in the payment ofbenefits or wages based on an individual's gender w hen women and men perform +work involving similar skill sets, efforts, and job r esponsibilities. Hence, Equal Wages +Act signifies the law that provides equal wages to be paid for equal work for both men +and women. +9. Jotiba Phule, Mahatma Gandhi and Dr B. R. Ambedka r.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Act signifies the law that provides equal wages to be paid for equal work for both men +and women. +9. Jotiba Phule, Mahatma Gandhi and Dr B. R. Ambedka r. +10. Communalism continues to be one of the major ch allenges to democracy in our +country. That's why the makers of our constitution chose the model of a secular state. +There is no official religion for India. The religi on in politics is not as dangerous as it +seems to us. Ethical values of each religion can pl ay a major role in politics. As a +member of any religious community, people should exp ress their political needs. The +political leaders regulate the practice of religion so that there should be no +discrimination and oppression. If all religions are treated equally then these political +acts are correct in any way. +11. Women suffrage means giving women the right to cast their votes. Right to +vote was denied to women in the beginning. It was a rgued that women wouldCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +acts are correct in any way. +11. Women suffrage means giving women the right to cast their votes. Right to +vote was denied to women in the beginning. It was a rgued that women would +not exercise this right independently. They would c ast their votes by the +dictates of their husband, father or other male rela tives. +With political awakening among women and its demand by them, they got the +Right to Vote for the first time in England in 1918 , in the USA in 1920 and in +India in 1950. Now, in almost all the democratic cou ntries of the world, women +have been given the Right to Vote. +During the period of the Indian freedom struggle, se veral women's +organisations emerged which paved their way for inc reasing role of women in +socio-political activities. Prominent among these o rganisations were All India +Women's Association and the Indian Women's Associat ion. These +organisations had branches in different parts of In dia. Their activities centredCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Women's Association and the Indian Women's Associat ion. These +organisations had branches in different parts of In dia. Their activities centred +mainly on issues like women's education, improvement s in health and +sanitation, right to suffrage for women and the mate rnity benefits for women +workers. +12. a. Gandhiji believed that politics must be guid ed by ethics drawn from all religions. +Ideas, ideals and values drawn from different religi ons can and perhaps should +play a role in politics.b. As the members of the religious community, people can express their ideas, needs, +beliefs and demands in politics. +c. In politics also, those who hold political power can regulate religious practice in +order to prevent discrimination and oppression. +d. People should be able to express in politics, the ir needs, interests and demands as +a member of a religious community. +13. Kerala has a low infant mortality rate because it mainly concentrates on humanCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a member of a religious community. +13. Kerala has a low infant mortality rate because it mainly concentrates on human +resource development. It has also made many provisi ons on developing the quality of +education and medical facilities. It has a very hig h literacy rate and literate people +take care of their children better as compared to i lliterate. Literate people also have +high earning capacity so they can afford basic nece ssities for their children. Also, the +success of different programmes like Neonatal Resus citation Programme which is a +training programme given to nurses and doctors on t aking care of newborns has +helped Kerala to record the lowest Infant Mortality Rate. +14. A. In most of the democracies a small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly +disproportionate share of wealth and income. +B. The share of the rich class is increasing wherea s those who are not at bottom of +the society have been little to depend upon.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +disproportionate share of wealth and income. +B. The share of the rich class is increasing wherea s those who are not at bottom of +the society have been little to depend upon. +C. Even in India, the poor constitute a large propor tion of our voters and no party +will like to lose their votes. Yet the democraticall y elected government does not +appear to be as keen to address the question of pov erty as is expected. +D. The situation is much worse in some other countr ies. In Bangladesh, more than +half of its population lives in poverty. +E. People in several poor countries are now depende nt on the rich countries even for +the food supplies. +15. When the beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, +when the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another and +when the state power is used to establish dominatio n of one religious group over the +rest, it is known as communal politics. Different fo rms of communal politics are:CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +when the state power is used to establish dominatio n of one religious group over the +rest, it is known as communal politics. Different fo rms of communal politics are: +The most common form of communalism is our day to d ay beliefs or religious +ideas. These ideas include the belief in the superi ority of one religion ascompares to another religion, religious prejudices, s tereotypes of religious +communities. +The desire to form a majoritarian dominance or a se parate state. Separatist +leaders and political parties in Jammu and Kashmir and Central India are an +example of this. +The use of religious symbols and leaders in politic s to appeal to the voters. This +technique is applied by many politicians to influen ce voters from the two +largest religious communities in the country. +In addition to all this, communal politics can take the form of communal +violence and riots, like the riots in Gujarat in 200 2.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 22 Outcomes of Democracy +1. There is an overwhelming support for the idea of Democracy all over the world +because democratic government _______ (1) +a. provides employment +b. is people’s own government +c. creates gender equality +d. creates economic equality +2. The first step towards thinking carefully about the outcomes of democracy is to +recognize that democracy is just a form of _____. (1) +a. Ruling party +b. Politics +c. Government +d. Opposition party +3. Some delay is bound to take place because Democr acy is based on the idea of +______ (1) +a. Transparency and Deliberation +b. Deliberation, Negotiation and Transparency +c. Deliberation and Negotiation +d. Negotiation and Transparency +4. Democracy is preferred over dictatorship everywh ere except which country? (1) +a. India +b. Nepal +c. Pakistan +d. BangladeshCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +c. Deliberation and Negotiation +d. Negotiation and Transparency +4. Democracy is preferred over dictatorship everywh ere except which country? (1) +a. India +b. Nepal +c. Pakistan +d. Bangladesh +5. Which of the following is true with respect to D emocratic government? (1)a. Democratic government is legitimate government +b. All are true +c. Democratic government is people’s own government. +d. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very re sponsive or clean +6. What does the term 'ultra-rich' mean? (1) +7. From the text, find out the per capita income lev el of middle-income countries as per +World Development Reports. (1) +8. Which system can reduce the possibility of tensi on and conflict among different +groups of society? (1) +9. Which form of government is considered best? (1) +10. ‘Democracy always respond to the needs of people ’. Analyze the statement. (3) +11. What is meant by an accountable, responsive and legitimate government? +Explain. (3)CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +10. ‘Democracy always respond to the needs of people ’. Analyze the statement. (3) +11. What is meant by an accountable, responsive and legitimate government? +Explain. (3) +12. List the various aspects and conditions which h elp in giving a clear definition of +democracy. (3) +13. Why is it said that democracy is not free from all evils? Explain. (3) +14. How can democracy accommodate the dignity of wo men and caste discrimination in +one system? (5) +15. 'Corruption is a serious problem faced by the I ndian Democratic System'. Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 22 Outcomes of Democracy +Answers +1. b. is people’s own government +Explanation: A democratic government is people’s own government. That is +why there is an overwhelming support for the idea o f democracy all over the +world. +2. c. Government +Explanation: The first step towards thinking carefully about the outcomes of +democracy is to recognize that democracy is just a form of government. It canCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +world. +2. c. Government +Explanation: The first step towards thinking carefully about the outcomes of +democracy is to recognize that democracy is just a form of government. It can +only create conditions for achieving something. +3. c. Deliberation and Negotiation +Explanation: Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. +So, some delay is bound to take place. +4. c. Pakistan +Explanation: As per SDSA Team, State of Democracy in South Asia, D emocracy +is preferred over dictatorship everywhere except Pa kistan +5. b. All are true +Explanation: Democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives: +democratic government is legitimate government. It may be slow, less efficient, +not always very responsive or clean. But a democrat ic government is people’s +own government. That is why there is an overwhelmin g support for the idea of +democracy all over the world. +6. Highly wealthy.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +own government. That is why there is an overwhelmin g support for the idea of +democracy all over the world. +6. Highly wealthy. +7. According to the World Development Report, 2014 p er capita income level of middle- +income countries was more than US Dollar 1035 and l ess than US Dollar 12616. +8. Democracy has a plus point in resolving social d ifferences, diversions and conflicts +because it has evolved a mechanism to negotiate the differences. Democracy is based +on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. +9. Democratic form of government is considered the best.10. i. In a democracy the government is known as a responsive government as it +responds to the needs of the people. +ii. A non-democratic government may or may not resp ond to the needs of the people. +It all depends upon the wishes of the people who ru le. +iii. A democracy requires the rulers to attend to t he needs of people. Therefore, a +democratic government is a better form of governmen t because it is a moreCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +iii. A democracy requires the rulers to attend to t he needs of people. Therefore, a +democratic government is a better form of governmen t because it is a more +accountable form of government. +iv. In a democracy there is always a space for publ ic discussions and has a room for +correction of mistakes. +11. Accountable: A democratic government develops a mechanism for c itizens to take +part in the decision-making process. For this free and fair elections, open debate on +major policies, legislation, Right to information. su ch rights are given to the citizens. +Responsive: Democracy is a responsive government. It is respon sive towards the +needs and expectations of the citizens. It takes ca re and makes policies for the welfare +of the citizens. +Legitimate: A democratic government is a legitimate government. It is elected by +the people and people wish to be ruled by the repre sentatives elected by them.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +of the citizens. +Legitimate: A democratic government is a legitimate government. It is elected by +the people and people wish to be ruled by the repre sentatives elected by them. +12. The various aspects and necessary conditions wh ich help in giving a clear definition +of democracy are: +i. In democracy, the rulers are elected by the peopl e and they take all the major +decisions. +ii. Elections must be free and fair that gives an o pportunity to the people to change +the existing rulers. +iii. In democracy, all get choices and opportunities on an equal basis. +iv. Power sharing is the spirit of democracy and it is necessary to share power +between government and social groups in a democracy . +13. i. Most democracies fall short of elections tha t provide a fair chance to everyone and +in subjecting every decision to public debate. +ii. There is lack of tranparency in many democratic countries. Democratic +governments do not have a very good record when it comes to sharingCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +in subjecting every decision to public debate. +ii. There is lack of tranparency in many democratic countries. Democratic +governments do not have a very good record when it comes to sharing +information with citizens. +iii. Democracy often frustrate the needs of the peo ple and often ignores the demand +of a majority of its population.iv. In a democracy, the government is expected to at tend to the demands of the +people and should be largely free from corruption. The record of democracies is +not impressive on these two counts. +14. Democracy can adjust to the dignity of women an d caste discrimination in one system +in the following manner: +i. By extending legal and political equality to wom en, to the weaker sections of +society, to the marginalized. +ii. By guaranteeing fundamentals rights to all. +iii. Giving adequate representation to them and pro tection through various +safeguards. +iv. This will give political voice to the marginali zed and will increase their democraticCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +iii. Giving adequate representation to them and pro tection through various +safeguards. +iv. This will give political voice to the marginali zed and will increase their democratic +consciousness. +v. This will enable women, lower casts and other dis advantaged groups to wage their +struggle for justice, fairness with a legal backing. +15. Due to the following reasons we can say that co rruption has become a serious +problem for the Indian democracy. +i. It has now become an accepted fact that leaders use money to win favour of the +votes. This reason lessens the very sprit of democr atic values. +ii. There is an ever increasing tendency among the political parties to give tickets to +those who are rich. The parties think that they cou ld win not only their own seats +but also help the party monetarily. +iii. Now scams by leaders and governments have beco me a routine tale in the Indian +democracy. Many of the popular leaders are facing t rials for corruption charges +against them.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +iii. Now scams by leaders and governments have beco me a routine tale in the Indian +democracy. Many of the popular leaders are facing t rials for corruption charges +against them. +iv. It has been seen that the wards of the prominen t leaders of party easily get tickets +for election. The party workers keep serving for ye ars but sometimes outsiders get +tickets. +v. It has now become a tradition that in many of th e popular political parties, the +chair is inherited. Corruption is hampering the dev elopment of the country. It is +also affecting the economic growth of our country.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 24 Development +1. BMI (Body mass Index ) helps in finding : (1) +a. Economic status +b. Infant mortality rate +c. Longevity +d. Health status +2. Which of the given country is a developing count ry? (1) +a. Russia +b. Brazil +c. Argentina +d. USA +3. What is the full form of HDI? (1) +a. Human decision index +b. Human delimitation index +c. Human develop index +d. Human development index +4. Which of the following is an indicator of develo pment? (1) +a. National income +b. National heritage +c. Nature +d. Democracy +5. Equal treatment, freedom, Security and respect for others are the examples of :- (1) +a. Income +b. Growth +c. Material thingsd. Non-material things +6. Define infant mortality rate. (1) +7. Write one example of inequality in urban areas. (1) +8. "There is enough for everybody's need but not fo r everybody's greed." Who said these +words? (1) +9. What are the developmental goals of prosperous f armers from Punjab? (1)CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +8. "There is enough for everybody's need but not fo r everybody's greed." Who said these +words? (1) +9. What are the developmental goals of prosperous f armers from Punjab? (1) +10. What do you mean by per capita income of a coun try? How can it be used to compare +two countries? (3) +11. Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development? +Explain. (3) +12. Explain the role of education and health in the overall development of a country. (3) +13. Besides income, what are other six things people may look for growth and +development? (3) +14. What are the efforts and achievements made by t he government of India after +independence in the field of health? (5) +15. Describe any five conditions or aspects that yo u would consider before accepting a +job. (5)CBSE TEST PAPER-02 +Chapter - 24 Development +Answers +1. d. Health status +Explanation: Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat base d on heightCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +job. (5)CBSE TEST PAPER-02 +Chapter - 24 Development +Answers +1. d. Health status +Explanation: Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat base d on height +and weight that applies to adult men and women.BMI is a person's weight in +kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in mete rs squared. The National +Institutes of Health (NIH) now defines normal weigh t, overweight, and obesity +according to BMI rather than the traditional height /weight chart. +2. b. Brazil +Explanation: Brazil is still considered as developing due to its low GDP per +capita, low living standards, high infant mortality r ate and other factors. The +other three mentioned countries are developed. +3. d. Human development index +Explanation: The Human Development Index is a statistic of life expectancy, +education, and per capita income indicators, which ar e used to rank countries +into four tiers of human development. +4. a. National incomeCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +education, and per capita income indicators, which ar e used to rank countries +into four tiers of human development. +4. a. National income +Explanation: National income is the yardstick of measuring the g rowth +performance of any economy. +5. d. Non-material things +Explanation: Equal treatment, freedom, Security and respect for ot hers are +non-material things. We cannot buy non-material goo ds but in some cases these +may be more important than more income or more cons umption because +material goods are not all you need to live. +6. Infant Mortality rate refers to the number of ch ildren who die before the age of one +year as a proportion of 1000 live births in that pa rticular year. +7. Good hospitals, educational institutions and shop ping malls are available mostly in +the posh areas whereas slums like dirty, old colonie s in the outskirts of a city or townare the best example of urban inequality. +8. These words were said by Mahatma Gandhi.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +the posh areas whereas slums like dirty, old colonie s in the outskirts of a city or townare the best example of urban inequality. +8. These words were said by Mahatma Gandhi. +9. The developmental goals of prosperous farmers fr om Punjab is to be assured of a high +family income through higher support prices for the ir crops and through +hardworking and cheap labourers. Besides, they shoul d be able to settle their children +abroad. +10. The Per Capita Income of a country is the total income of the country (GDP) divided by +the total population. The figures for per capita in come reflects the average income of +the people. It is used to compare the development o f countries by the World Bank. +The country with a higher Per Capita Income implies that its people are earning more +on an average and this is considered the indicator of higher development. However, +this hides the fact that there may be wide disparit ies in the earnings of people, whichCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +on an average and this is considered the indicator of higher development. However, +this hides the fact that there may be wide disparit ies in the earnings of people, which +implies inadequate social development. A lower per capita income indicates that +either the economy of the country is very poor or t here is an uneven distribution of +wealth. +11. Average income is an important criterion for de termining the development of a +country because it tells us what an average individ ual is likely to earn and also gives +us some idea about the rising standard of living in the economy. The prosperity of a +nation depends not only on its income and resources but also on the number of +people who are getting a share in it. In case, the n umber of people is large, the +average income automatically will be less. This is the case with India and similar +developing economies. +12. Availability of good health and educational fac ilities do not depend only on theCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +average income automatically will be less. This is the case with India and similar +developing economies. +12. Availability of good health and educational fac ilities do not depend only on the +amount of money spent by the government on these fa cilities. They also depend on +the availability of the required number of doctors, quality of medicines, a good +number of qualified and dedicated teachers, well-con structed school building etc. +i. Role of education: It plays a vital role in the overall development o f a human +being and society, therefore stress on imparting edu cation has been given up in +our constitution. +ii. Role of Health: The general health standard in India is quite low. This is quiteinevitable as nearly one-fourth of the population l ives below the poverty line. +iii. A community: Programmes based on health care and medical servic es in rural +areas are launched. As a result of these efforts, th ere has been a fall in theCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +iii. A community: Programmes based on health care and medical servic es in rural +areas are launched. As a result of these efforts, th ere has been a fall in the +incidence of certain diseases like tuberculosis, lep rosy and polio. +13. Though income is a major indicator of developme nt and people strive for more +income, but apart from income, people also look forwa rd to these six things for +growth and development. They are as follows:- +i. Peace of mind. +ii. Good healthcare and educational facilities +iii. Security of job, i.e. regular and sufficient in come. +iv. Good working conditions. +v. People want that they should have a good standar d of life. +vi. They do not want discrimination. They want equa l and human treatment. +14. The government of India has made the following efforts after independence in the +field of health: +i. Efforts have been made to overcome the nutrition al problems and considerable +progress has been achieved.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +field of health: +i. Efforts have been made to overcome the nutrition al problems and considerable +progress has been achieved. +ii. In the plan-period, the mortality rate declined to nearly 9 per thousand and infant +mortality has come down to 70 per thousand live bir ths. +iii. Small pox and polio have been completely eradi cated and other diseases like +malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis etc have been controll ed. +iv. A number of hospitals have been set up by the g overnment and free ambulance +service is given to the people, especially in rural areas. +v. Special attention is being given to the extensio n of health facilities in the village. +Free medical facilities are given to poor people. +vi. Emphasis is laid on maternal and neo-natal (new born) care. +15. There are many important factors other than inc ome which needs to be considered +before accepting a job. They are as follows:- +i. Facilities for the family: One would have to check whether there are goodCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +before accepting a job. They are as follows:- +i. Facilities for the family: One would have to check whether there are good +houses available in the locality and the locality i s safe to stay in, whether it hasgood educational and medical facilities etc. +ii. Job security: As regards job security, one should look for clear t erms of +employment in the appointment letter. A job which g ives high pay but no job +security will reduce one's sense of security and fr eedom and people would not like +to take up such jobs. +iii. Opportunity to learn: There should be an opportunity for personal career +growth so that no boredom or stagnation sets in. +iv. Working atmosphere needs to be cooperative and healthy: There should +be good team spirit and the seniors should look aft er the newcomers and guide +them. If women are engaged in paid work, their digni ty in the household and +society increases. A safe and secure environment ma y allow more women to take +up jobs or run a business.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +them. If women are engaged in paid work, their digni ty in the household and +society increases. A safe and secure environment ma y allow more women to take +up jobs or run a business. +v. Time for one's family: Working hours should be fixed and adhered to so tha t +there is time for spending with family. Leave rules should be clear and well +formulated.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 24 Development +1. A Capitalist economy is also known as: (1) +a. Free market economy +b. Socialist economy +c. Mixed economy +d. Communist economy +2. Money can buy us: (1) +a. Relations +b. Non-material things +c. Material things +d. Friends +3. What is national development? (1) +a. social development +b. cultural development +c. political development +d. Development in all the sections +4. From the given options which one is an example o f potential energy resources? (1) +a. Petroleum +b. Tidal energy +c. Natural gas +d. Coal +5. Human development focuses on (1) +a. Well being of the people +b. Salary of the people +c. Education of the peopled. Security of the people +6. Give one major reason for which children particu larly girls are not able to achieve +secondary level schooling. (1) +7. In Tamil Nadu, 75 per cent of the people living i n rural areas use a ration shopCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +secondary level schooling. (1) +7. In Tamil Nadu, 75 per cent of the people living i n rural areas use a ration shop +whereas in Jharkhand only 8 per cent of rural peopl e do so. Where would people be +better off and why? (1) +8. Mention one single major reason for more dropout ratio in Bihar. (1) +9. Which state in India has the least per capita in come? (1) +10. Explain the terms average income and national i ncome. (3) +11. Explain any three limitations of per capita inc ome. (3) +12. What is meant by sustainable economic developme nt? Give its main features. (3) +13. Explain any four different bases for comparison of economic development of +different nations/states. (3) +14. Why is sustainable development essential? How do es it help to prevent +environmental degradation? (5) +15. Distinguish between developed countries and dev eloping countries. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 24 Development +Answers +1. a. Free market economyCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +environmental degradation? (5) +15. Distinguish between developed countries and dev eloping countries. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 24 Development +Answers +1. a. Free market economy +Explanation: Free market economy, is one in which goods are bough t and +sold and prices are determined by the free market, w ith a minimum of external +government control. A market economy is the basis o f the capitalist system. In a +capitalist system only the owners of capital are be nefitted. +2. c. Material things +Explanation: Money can buy us only material things but the quali ty of our life +also depends on non- material things like equal tre atment, freedom, security, +respect of others, etc.which money cannot buy. +3. d. Development in all the sections +Explanation: National development implies development of a natio n as a +whole. It can be best defined as the all-round and balanced development of +different aspects and facets of the nation viz. pol itical, economic, social,CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +whole. It can be best defined as the all-round and balanced development of +different aspects and facets of the nation viz. pol itical, economic, social, +cultural, scientific and material. Under national de velopment, only those +programmes and policies are implemented which would benefit a large number +of people. +4. b. Tidal energy +Explanation: Potential energy resources are renewable resources which +include wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower, tidal, and biomass energy. Unlike +non-renewable resources, potential energy resources can be replenished easily. +5. a. Well being of the people +Explanation: Human development is about the real freedom ordinar y people +have to decide who to be, what to do, and how to live . It is concerned with the +well-being of the people, their needs, choices and as pirations. All these help in +building a right kind of society. It is all about t he enlarging or widening the +choices for the people. Human development focuses o n the expansion of basicCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +building a right kind of society. It is all about t he enlarging or widening the +choices for the people. Human development focuses o n the expansion of basic +choices.6. Adequate facilities are not provided by the gove rnment. Poor people often feel the +pressure of additional cost of education of their g irl child and Child marriage, +although illegal, is still a practice in rural India and often girls have to drop out of +school on account of early marriage. +7. The fact that 75% of the people in Tamil Nadu ar e using Ration shop indicates that +people are better off in Tamil Nadu because the rat ion shops are properly functioning +and well monitored and they help in providing basic public assistance to the rural +people. +8. Poverty is one of the major reason for a high dr opout ratio in Bihar. +9. In India, the state of Bihar has recorded the low est per capita income in the year 2013- +14. +10. i. Average income : Average income is the total income of the country divided byCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +9. In India, the state of Bihar has recorded the low est per capita income in the year 2013- +14. +10. i. Average income : Average income is the total income of the country divided by +its total population. It is also known as per capit a income. +ii. National Income : It is the sum total of the value of all the final goods and +services produced within the country and income fro m foreign factors. +11. Three limitations of per capita income are: +i. Since per capita income is an average measure, it is possible that with the increase +in income, the rich may become richer and the poor p oorer. +ii. It is, thus, possible that with the increase in p er capita income, greater inequality +in the distribution of income may crop up. +iii. Average income is undoubtedly a more useful co mparison but it does not tell us +how income is distributed among people in a country ; it may hide disparities. +12. Sustainable development may be defined as devel opment that takes place withoutCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +how income is distributed among people in a country ; it may hide disparities. +12. Sustainable development may be defined as devel opment that takes place without +draining of resources, which meets the need of the p resent generation without +compromising the need of future generations. Enviro nment and economy are inter- +dependent and complementary to each other. Hence th e process of development +should not ignore environmental issues. Sustainabil ity is also important for +development. +The main features of sustainable development are as follow:i. It stresses meeting the needs of the present gen eration and future generation. +ii. There should be restraints on wasteful luxuriou s consumption pattern. +iii. Efforts should be made to invent environment-f riendly technology. +iv. Fast growing population should be effectively c hecked. +v. We should minimise our needs as far as possible so that future generations may +not face crisis. +vi. It is the need of the hour.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iv. Fast growing population should be effectively c hecked. +v. We should minimise our needs as far as possible so that future generations may +not face crisis. +vi. It is the need of the hour. +13. Four bases for comparison of economic developme nt are: +i. Per Capita Income: This is the total National Income or the Gross Dom estic +Product (GDP) divided by the total population of th e country. +ii. Life expectancy at birth: This is the number of years that a newborn child i s +expected to live, subject to the normal risks of mor tality prevailing for the +population in general or some particular section of the society. +iii. Literacy rate: This is the percentage of the population of an are a at a particular +time, consisting of those aged 7 years or above, who can read and write with an +understanding of at least one language. +iv. Net Attendance Ratio: The total number of children who have got enrolled inCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +understanding of at least one language. +iv. Net Attendance Ratio: The total number of children who have got enrolled in +or are attending primary school, as a percentage of the total number of children in +the country who are of primary school age. +The countries with high rates in the above four ind ices are deemed to be developed +and low are underdeveloped or developing. +14. Sustainable development is important for economic growth because: +i. Environment must be conserved while development is taking place. +ii. Resources must be used in such a way that somet hing is conserved for future +generations. +iii. The standard of living of all people must be r aised. +iv. Natural resources have to be used judiciously. +Measures to ensure sustainable development: +i. We should focus on using renewable resources and keep inventing newtechniques to decrease the use of conventional reso urces. +ii. The present resources must be used judiciously, with planning, and over-CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +ii. The present resources must be used judiciously, with planning, and over- +exploitation should be avoided. +iii. We must take care of the environment to ensure future development of +agriculture. +iv. We must use water in such a way that people of future generations may also be +able to use this resource. +15. The differences between a developed and a devel oping country are as follows: +Developed countries Developing Countries +1. Countries with high average income +and high per capita income fall under +the category of developed countries.1. Countries with low average income +and less per capita income falling under +the category of developing countries. +2. The standard of living of the people in +a developed country is very high.2. The standard of living of the people in +developing is not very high. +3. Good health and educational facilities +are available here.3. There is a lack of basic health and +educational facilities. +4. The rate of saving, investment, capitalCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +developing is not very high. +3. Good health and educational facilities +are available here.3. There is a lack of basic health and +educational facilities. +4. The rate of saving, investment, capital +information is very high.4. The rate of saving, investment, capital +information is very low. +5. Life expectancy is more. 5. Life expectancy is ve ry low. +6. Example: Scandinavian Countries, +USA.6. Example: Mostly Asian and African +nations like - India, Nepal, Pakistan and +Bangladesh.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +CBSE Test Paper-02 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +1. Find the odd one out: (1) +a. Teacher +b. Dairy farming +c. Animal husbandry +d. Fishing +2. While calculating GDP, we do not add the value of (1) +a. Final goods +b. Final services +c. Final goods and services +d. Intermediate goods +3. Which sector is not affected even If we remove l ots of people from there? (1) +a. Agricultural sector +b. Private sector +c. Organized sector +d. Public sector +4. Which sector is also known as Industrial sector? (1) +a. Service sector +b. Secondary Sector +c. Primary sector +d. IT(Information technology) sector +5. Of the total population of the age group of 5-29 years, what percent of population +attends educational institutions? (1) +a. 80 +b. 70 +c. 51 +d. 60 +6. What are final goods? (1) +7. Biscuits for the consumer in the market are an e xample of which type of goods? (1)8. State the meaning of underemployment. (1) +9. What is GDP (Gross Domestic Product)? (1)CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +7. Biscuits for the consumer in the market are an e xample of which type of goods? (1)8. State the meaning of underemployment. (1) +9. What is GDP (Gross Domestic Product)? (1) +10. Students in a school are often classified into Primary and Secondary or junior and +senior. What is the criterion that is used? Do you t hink this is a useful classification? +Discuss. (3) +11. Calculate the value of final goods (which will become part of the GDP) in the case +given below. +A cotton farmer sells his weekly output of cotton t o a weaver for Rs.5,000. The weaver +weaves cloth out of this and sells it to the cloth trader for Rs.6,500. The trader sells +part of this cloth to a shirt maker for Rs.5,000 and the remaining cloth to a retailer for +Rs.3,000. The shirt maker makes 60 shirts, each selli ng for Rs.150. The cloth retailer +sells his cloth to the final customers for Rs.4,000. (3) +12. Study the data given in the table and answer th e questions that follow. (3)CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +sells his cloth to the final customers for Rs.4,000. (3) +12. Study the data given in the table and answer th e questions that follow. (3) +Workers in different sector (in million) +Sector Organised Unorganised Total +Primary 2 240 242 +Secondary 9 54 63 +Tertiary 17 76 93 +Total 28 370 398 +i. Which is the most important sector which provide s most jobs to people? +ii. What is the number of people engaged in the uno rganised sector? +iii. Why this unorganised sector is more important? +13. Describe the contribution of three sectors in t he Indian economy. (3) +14. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised +sectors. (5) +15. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter, why should one focus on +employment and GDP? Could there be other issues whic h should be examined? +Discuss. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +Answers +1. a. Teacher +Explanation: Teacher provides service to the people in an econom y andCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +Discuss. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +Answers +1. a. Teacher +Explanation: Teacher provides service to the people in an econom y and +therefore belongs to tertiary sector and rest three belongs to primary sector. +2. d. Intermediate goods +Explanation: Intermediate goods and services, which are used in t he +production of final goods and services, are not incl uded in the expenditure +approach to GDP because expenditures on intermediat e goods and services are +included in the market value of expenditures made o n final goods and services. +Therefore in order to avoid double counting value o f intermediate goods is not +included. +3. a. Agricultural sector +Explanation: In agricultural sector we find that there are more people than +required and there is a lot of underemployment or d isguised unemployment. +so, even if we remove lots of people from there then also the productivity is notCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +required and there is a lot of underemployment or d isguised unemployment. +so, even if we remove lots of people from there then also the productivity is not +affected. Therefore we can say that the productivit y of some people working in +agricultural sector is zero. +4. b. Secondary Sector +Explanation: Secondary sector is also known as industrial sector as most of +the development of the sector is related to industr ies. +5. c. 51 +Explanation: About 60 % of the population belongs to the age gro up of 5-29 +years. Out of this only about 51% are attending edu cational institutions. The +rest are not attending educational institutions, the y may be at home or many of +them may be working as child labourers in factories or anywhere else. +6. Final goods refer to such goods which are direct ly consumed by the consumers and +are not meant for or should be subjected to further production or processing.7. Biscuits for the consumer in the market are an e xample of final goods.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +are not meant for or should be subjected to further production or processing.7. Biscuits for the consumer in the market are an e xample of final goods. +8. Underemployment is situation in which a worker i s employed, but not in the desired +capacity, whether in terms of compensation, hours, or level of skill and experience. +9. It is the market value of final goods and servic es produced within the domestic +territory of a country in a particular period of ti me. +10. i. Students are often classified into Primary a nd Secondary or junior and senior. +They are classified on the basis of the class in wh ich they study. +ii. Yes, I think this is a useful classification beca use we cannot classify all of them on +the basis of age. +Primary education - Our constitution had directed the state to secure free +and compulsory education to the children below 14 y ears. This comes under +the category of Primary education. +Secondary education - Secondary level education given to the age group 1 4CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +and compulsory education to the children below 14 y ears. This comes under +the category of Primary education. +Secondary education - Secondary level education given to the age group 1 4 +- 18 years, prepares the student for entry into high education as well as for +work. +11. + Particulars Amount +a.A cotton farmer sells his weekly output of cotton t o a weaver +for Rs.5,000. Value added by the farmer =Rs.5,000 +b.The weaver weaves cloth out of this and sells it to the cloth trader for +Rs.6,500. +Value added by the weaver = Rs.6,500 - Rs.5,000 =Rs.1,500 +c.The trader sells part of this cloth to a shirt make r for Rs.5,000 +Value added by the trader = Rs.5,000 + Rs.3000 - Rs. 6,500 =Rs.1,500 +d.The trader sells remaining cloth to a retailer for Rs.3,000. +Value added by the retailer = Rs.4,000 - Rs. - Rs.3, 000 =Rs.1,000 +e.The shirt maker makes 60shirts, each selling for Rs. 150. +Value added by the shirt maker = 60 150 - Rs.5,000 =Rs.4,000Calculation Total value of final goods:CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +e.The shirt maker makes 60shirts, each selling for Rs. 150. +Value added by the shirt maker = 60 150 - Rs.5,000 =Rs.4,000Calculation Total value of final goods: += Value added by all += Rs.(5,000 + 1,500 + 1,500 + 1,000 + 4,000) += Rs.13,000 +This is the same value as the final goods i.e. Rs.4 ,000 for the cloth and Rs.9,000 for the +shirts. +12. i. As per the given data in the table, Unorganis ed sector is providing jobs to 370 +millions people hence it is the most important sect or which provides most jobs to +people. +ii. 370 million people are engaged in the unorganis ed sector. +iii. Unorganised sector is important as it provides employment to a large number of +people. +13. Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are the three important sectors which make +large contributions to the economic development of the country. +Agriculture is the main occupation of the primary s ector and has the largest share in +the national income. But its share has been decreas ed in recent times and hasCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +Agriculture is the main occupation of the primary s ector and has the largest share in +the national income. But its share has been decreas ed in recent times and has +contributed only 15% to national income. +Manufacturing industries are important in the secon dary sector. Its contribution has +increased to about 28% in recent times because of t he growing manufacturing units. +Tertiary sector has contributed a larger share to t he national income.It is able to +absorb more and more people into employment.It cont ributes to almost half of the +national income of the country. +14. +organized sector Unorganized sector +Workers have job security. Workers do not have job s ecurity. +Workers get a regular monthly salary. Workers get da ily wages. +Rules and regulations are followed here.Rules and regulations are not followed +here. +Workers get benefits like provident fund,CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +Workers get a regular monthly salary. Workers get da ily wages. +Rules and regulations are followed here.Rules and regulations are not followed +here. +Workers get benefits like provident fund, +paid leave, medical benefits, etc.Workers do not get any such benefits,Working hours are fixed here.Working hours are not fixed here. +Sometimes, workers work for 10-12 +hours straight. +It is called the organized sector because it +has some formal processes and +procedures.There are no formal processes and +producers here. +Working conditions are favourable.Working conditions are not +favourable. +The organized sector companies those +enterprises where the terms of +employment are regular. They are +registered by the government.The unorganized sector is +characterized by small scattered units. +They are generally outside the control +of the government. +15. The commons goals of the Five year plans are GD P growth and full employment andCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +characterized by small scattered units. +They are generally outside the control +of the government. +15. The commons goals of the Five year plans are GD P growth and full employment and +they help monitor and check the most important aspe cts of economic development +like productivity, per capita, contribution to GDP an d changes in employment rate by +the three sectors of the economy. They also help to take necessary steps to improve +upon and act for further development of the country 's economy. +Yes, the other issues which should be examined are gi ven below: +i. Balanced regional development +ii. Equitable distribution of income and wealth amo ng people of the country +iii. How to eradicate poverty +iv. Modernisation of technology +v. Self-reliance of the country +vi. Achievement of surplus food production in the c ountry.CHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 28 Consumer Rights +1. How do large companies manipulate the market? (1) +a. Producing on a large scale +b. Attractive advertising +c. Passing false information through media +d. Overpricing +2. What gave rise to the 'Consumer Movement' in Ind ia? (1) +a. Inflation +b. Violence +c. Hoarding +d. Terrorism +3. Consumer Complaint Forum is known as (1) +a. Consumer Forum +b. Consumer Police +c. Consumer Complaint Desk +d. courts +4. Which of the following agency develops standards for goods and services in +India? (1) +a. COPRA +b. International Organization for Standardization +c. Consumer Forum +d. Bureau of Indian Standards +5. Which act was enacted by the Indian Government i n 1986 for the consumers. (1) +a. Right to Information Act +b. Consumer Movement Actc. Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) +d. Right to be Educated +6. On which day of the year is 'National Consumers Day' celebrated in India? (1)CHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +a. Right to Information Act +b. Consumer Movement Actc. Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) +d. Right to be Educated +6. On which day of the year is 'National Consumers Day' celebrated in India? (1) +7. Which logo will you like to see on gold jeweller y to be sure of its quality? (1) +8. If you are interested to buy a brush with toothp aste but shopkeeper denied selling +toothpaste only. In this case, which consumer right is being violated by the seller? (1) +9. Suppose, you have bought a packed bottle for drin king water in your journey. Which +logo will you like to see to be sure about its qual ity? (1) +10. Explain the circumstances under which markets d o not work in a fair manner. (3) +11. What is the rationale behind the enactment of C onsumer Protection Act, 1986? (3) +12. Explain functions of the Consumer Protection Co uncil or Consumer Forums. (3) +13. What are the various courts set up under COPRA? (3)CHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +12. Explain functions of the Consumer Protection Co uncil or Consumer Forums. (3) +13. What are the various courts set up under COPRA? (3) +14. How has three-tier quasi-judicial machinery bee n set-up for redressal of consumer +disputes? Explain. (5) +15. What type of duties should a consumer keep in m ind under the consumer awareness? +Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 28 Consumer Rights +Answers +1. c. Passing false information through media +Explanation: Companies with huge wealth power and reach manipul ate the +market by passing false information through media. For example, a cigarette +manufacturing companies did not accept that their p roduct causes cancer. +2. c. Hoarding +Explanation: In India, the consumer movement as a ‘social force’ o riginated +with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers +against unethical and unfair trade practices.Rampan t food shortages, hoarding,CHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers +against unethical and unfair trade practices.Rampan t food shortages, hoarding, +black marketing, adulteration of food and edible oil gave birth to the consumer +movement. +3. a. Consumer Forum +Explanation: If you have any grievances about the quality of a brand, product +or service, you can file a consumer complaint and se ek redress. Different types +of complaints can be filed depending on the specifi c issue, by visiting the +concerned consumer court and submitting the necessa ry documents. +4. d. Bureau of Indian Standards +Explanation: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the nation al Standards +Body of India working under the aegis of Ministry o f Consumer Affairs, Food & +Public Distribution, Government of India. It is esta blished by the Bureau of +Indian Standards Act, 1986 which came into effect on 23rd December 1986. +5. c. Consumer Protection Act ( COPRA)CHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +Public Distribution, Government of India. It is esta blished by the Bureau of +Indian Standards Act, 1986 which came into effect on 23rd December 1986. +5. c. Consumer Protection Act ( COPRA) +Explanation: Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is an Act of the Parl iament of +India enacted in 1986 to protect the interests of c onsumers in India. It makes +provision for the establishment of consumer council s and other authorities for +the settlement of consumers' disputes and for matte rs connected therewith also. +6. Every Year 24th December is observed as National Consumer Day with a specifictheme in India. +7. While buying gold jewellery, we would like to see BIS hallmark. Hallmark is the +certification maintained for standardisation of jew ellery. +8. In this case, the consumer right which is being v iolated is Right to Choose. +9. When purchasing a bottle of mineral water, I woul d check for the logo of 'BIS' orCHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +8. In this case, the consumer right which is being v iolated is Right to Choose. +9. When purchasing a bottle of mineral water, I woul d check for the logo of 'BIS' or +Bureau of Indian Standards, earlier called 'ISI' or Indian Standards Institution. This +logo makes it clear that the product is of pure qua lity. +10. The markets do not work in a fair manner when t here is a monopoly i.e. when +producers are few and powerful and the consumers ar e scattered over different areas +and make purchases in small amounts. This happens e specially when large +companies are producing these goods. These companie s with huge wealth, power and +reach can manipulate the market in various ways. At times false information is +passed on through advertising and publicity to attr act consumers. Products are falsely +advertised and the qualities of the products are ex aggerated in order to attract the +customers. Strict rules and regulations to protect consumers are needed to preventCHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +advertised and the qualities of the products are ex aggerated in order to attract the +customers. Strict rules and regulations to protect consumers are needed to prevent +this type of unfair activities. +11. The efforts of consumer movements succeeded in building pressure on business firms +as well as government to correct business conduct w hich may be unfair and against +the interests of consumers at large. The rationale behind the enactment of Consumer +Protection Act, 1986 was to protect the interests of the consumers because there were +no legal formalities for filing the complaint again st the sellers. +i. The enactment of COPRA has led to the setting up of separate departments of +consumer affairs in the Central and the State gover nments. +ii. Consumer dispute redressal agencies were set up at district, state and national +level. +12. Functions of the Consumer Protection Council or Consumer Forums are as follows:CHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +ii. Consumer dispute redressal agencies were set up at district, state and national +level. +12. Functions of the Consumer Protection Council or Consumer Forums are as follows: +i. To guide the consumer on how to file cases in th e consumer court. +ii. To represent the individual consumer in the con sumer court. +iii. These voluntary organizations also receive fin ancial support from the governmentcreating awareness among the people. +iv. It works for the protection of consumer rights. +v. It imparts knowledge about consumer rights by wr iting articles and getting it +published in newspaper. +13. Under COPRA, a three-tier quasi-judicial machine ry at district, state and national +levels has been setup for redressal of consumer dis putes. +i. The district level court deals with the cases in volving claims up to Rs. 20 lakhs. +ii. The state level courts take cases between Rs. 2 0 lakhs to Rs.1 crore. +iii. The national level court deals with the cases involving claims exceeding Rs.1CHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +ii. The state level courts take cases between Rs. 2 0 lakhs to Rs.1 crore. +iii. The national level court deals with the cases involving claims exceeding Rs.1 +crore. +If the case is dismissed at district level court, th e consumer can also appeal in state +and then in national level courts. Thus, the act has enabled us as consumers to have +the right to represent in the consumer courts. +14. i. A major step was taken in 1986 by the Indian government when it enacted the +Consumer Protection Act, 1986, popularly known as COP RA. +ii. Three-tier quasi-judicial machinery, popularly k nown as consumer courts, at the +national, state and district levels has been set up to render free redressal to the +consumers' disputes against any defective goods and deficient services. +a. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commiss ion known as National +Commission is based at New Delhi. Each State has a Consumer DisputesCHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +a. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commiss ion known as National +Commission is based at New Delhi. Each State has a Consumer Disputes +Redressal Commission known as the State Commission. Similarly, every district +in the country has a Consumer Disputes Redressal Fo rum – known as the +District Forum. +b. Under the Act, a complaint or any allegation in w riting can be made by a +complainant in case of defective or hazardous goods , deficiencies in services, +and charging of excess price by the trader other th an the fixed price. If the cost +of the goods or services and compensation asked for is up to rupees five lakh +then the complaint can be filed in the District For um where the cause of action +has arisen or where the opposite party resides. It can also be filed at a place +where the branch office of the opposite party is lo cated. +c. If the cost of goods or services and compensatio n asked for is more than fiveCHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +where the branch office of the opposite party is lo cated. +c. If the cost of goods or services and compensatio n asked for is more than five +lakh rupees but up to twenty lakh rupees, the compla int can be filed before theState Commission. +d. If the cost of goods or services and compensatio n asked for exceeds rupees +twenty lakh, the complaint can be filed before the N ational Commission at New +Delhi. +iii. The consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various +organizations locally known as Consumer Forums or C onsumer Protection +Councils. They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court. +iv. On many occasions, they also represent individua l consumers in consumer courts. +v. These voluntary organizations also receive finan cial support from the government +for creating awareness among the people. Thus, the A ct has enabled us as +consumers to have the right to represent in the con sumer courts. +15. Duties of the consumers are as follows:CHAPTER 22-ECONOMICS - CONSUMER RIGHTS- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +for creating awareness among the people. Thus, the A ct has enabled us as +consumers to have the right to represent in the con sumer courts. +15. Duties of the consumers are as follows: +i. To ask for the cash memo for the items purchased whenever possible. +ii. While purchasing the goods, a consumer should lo ok at the quality of the product, +the market price, guarantee or the warranty period. +iii. A consumer should preferably purchase standard ized products which contain the +seal of ISI or the AGMARK. +iv. A consumer must be aware of his rights and duti es. +v. To make a complaint about genuine grievances. +vi. The consumer should form consumer awareness org anisations, which can be +given representation in various committees formed b y the government and other +bodies in the matters relating to the consumers. +vii. He should know the method to get redressal if cheated.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +1. Which sector has emerged as the largest producin g sector in India replacing the +primary sector? (1) +a. IT (Information technology) sector +b. Manufacturing sector +c. Tertiary sector +d. Secondary sector +2. GDP is total value of – (1) +a. All final goods and services +b. All goods and services +c. All final goods +d. All intermediate goods and final services +3. Since no other opportunity is available, people w ork as (1) +a. Repair persons +b. Doctor +c. Teacher +d. Engineer +4. How can government increase employment in rural areas? (1) +a. building schools +b. building healthcare institutions +c. investing money in transportation and storage of crops +d. promoting tourism +5. In which sector the enterprises or places of wor k are registered by the government +and have to follow its rules and regulations? (1) +a. Unorganized sectorb. Secondary sector +c. Organized sector +d. Tertiary sectorCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +and have to follow its rules and regulations? (1) +a. Unorganized sectorb. Secondary sector +c. Organized sector +d. Tertiary sector +6. According to Planning Commission, what is the pot ential of tourism sector in India? +(1) +7. Name the sector which continued to be the larges t employer even in the year 2000. +(1) +8. Why is tertiary sector also termed as service se ctor? (1) +9. Service sector in India employs two different ki nds of people. Who are these? (1) +10. What constitutes the unorganised sector in urba n areas? Why do workers in this +sector need protection? (3) +11. Why do people prefer to work in an organized se ctor? Explain. (3) +12. Describe the developments which changed today’s developing countries from farming +nations to nations depending on tertiary sectors. (3) +13. State the objectives of NREGA 2005. (3) +14. What is the significance of Secondary sector in Indian economy? (5)CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +nations to nations depending on tertiary sectors. (3) +13. State the objectives of NREGA 2005. (3) +14. What is the significance of Secondary sector in Indian economy? (5) +15. There has been a big change in the three sector s of economic activities, but a similar +shift has not taken place in the share of employmen t. Explain the above statement on +the basis of facts. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +Answers +1. c. Tertiary sector +Explanation: Tertiary sector has grown the most and is now the l argest +producing sector. However primary sector is still t he highest job provider as it +provides jobs to about half of the population. +2. a. All final goods and services +Explanation: GDP(Gross Domestic Product) is total value of final goods and +services produced in each sector in a period of tim e. +3. a. Repair persons +Explanation: Large number of workers engaged in services such as smallCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +services produced in each sector in a period of tim e. +3. a. Repair persons +Explanation: Large number of workers engaged in services such as small +shopkeepers, repair persons, transport persons etc. T hese people barely +manage to earn a living and yet they perform these services because no +alternate opportunities for work are available to t hem. Therefore people work +as repair persons when no other opportunity is avai lable to them. +4. c. investing money in transportation and storage of crops +Explanation: If the government invests some money in transportat ion and +storage of crops or makes better rural roads so tha t mini trucks reach +everywhere farmers will be able to sell their produ ce and more people will get +employed in services like trade and transport.There fore govt. investment on +transportation and storage of crops will increase t he employment in rural +areas. +5. c. Organized sector +Explanation: Organized sector covers those enterprises or places of workCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +transportation and storage of crops will increase t he employment in rural +areas. +5. c. Organized sector +Explanation: Organized sector covers those enterprises or places of work +which are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and +regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories act, minimum +wages act, etc. Workers in the organized sector enjo y security of employment. +They work only a fixed number of hours. If they wor k more, they have to be +paid overtime by the employer.6. According to Planning Commission, the tourism sec tor can produce additional +employment for 35 lakh people. +7. Primary sector is the sector which continued to be the largest employer even in the +year 2000. +8. The tertiary sector is termed as service sector because tertiary sector provides support +service to primary sectors and secondary sectors. +9. The service sector in India provides employment to the following two different kinds +of people.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +service to primary sectors and secondary sectors. +9. The service sector in India provides employment to the following two different kinds +of people. +i. A Highly educated and skilled workforce of the c ountry in private, public and +other organised sectors. +ii. Semi and unskilled as well as less educated peo ple in unorganised sectors or self- +employment activities. +10. The unorganized sector consists of all unincorp orated private enterprises engaged in +sales or production with less than ten total worker s. In the urban areas, unorganised +sector comprises workers in the small-scale industr y, casual workers in construction, +trade and transport, etc. It also includes street ve ndors, head load workers, garment +markers, rag pickers, etc. Workers in this sector nee d protection from +overexploitation, differential treatment because of belonging to SC and ST. +11. Organized sector is preferred because of the fo llowing advantages: +i. People enjoy the security of employment.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +overexploitation, differential treatment because of belonging to SC and ST. +11. Organized sector is preferred because of the fo llowing advantages: +i. People enjoy the security of employment. +ii. Work for fixed hours. +iii. If they work more, they get overtime allowances . +iv. These sectors are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and +regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum +Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops and Establi shments Act etc. Paid leaves, +payment during holidays, medical benefits, safe worki ng environment and +pension after retirement. +12. i. In the last 35 years tertiary sector has ach ieved importance. It has emerged as +single largest producing sector in India.ii. This because in growing economies, certain basic services like good hospitals, +schools, banks, and insurance companies required. +iii. With the growth of agriculture sector infrastr ucture facilities like transport +storage is required.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +schools, banks, and insurance companies required. +iii. With the growth of agriculture sector infrastr ucture facilities like transport +storage is required. +iv. The richer people want restaurants, shopping mal ls, tourism etc in big cities. It has +become essential service. +v. In developing countries, there is no shortage of skilled workers. +13. Objectives of implementing NREGA 2005: +i. To give employment opportunities to unemployed p eople who live in rural areas. +ii. According to NREGA, all those who are able to an d are in need of work would be +guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government. +iii. To raise the standard of living of the people. +iv. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give +unemployment allowances to the people. +v. To implement the right to work. +14. The significance of the secondary sector in the Indian economy is as follows: +i. Secondary sector involves industrial production. Industrial activities use up theCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +14. The significance of the secondary sector in the Indian economy is as follows: +i. Secondary sector involves industrial production. Industrial activities use up the +materials produced in the Primary sector. +ii. In the process, it creates massive employment of various scales. It also induces the +service sector like transport, market etc to flouris h. +iii. The Secondary sector promotes the development of the Primary and the Tertiary +sectors. As all the sectors of the economy are inte rdependent, the Secondary sector +has a great contribution to the sustenance and grow th of other sectors. +iv. Secondary sector induces growth and productivit y to Primary sector and helps in +flourishment of Tertiary sector. It produces instru ments and appliances that +directly help the Primary sector for better product ion. +v. It absorbs excess labour from the primary sector and reduces disguised +unemployment. +vi. The Secondary sector contributes more than 20% of the GDP of India. It providesCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +v. It absorbs excess labour from the primary sector and reduces disguised +unemployment. +vi. The Secondary sector contributes more than 20% of the GDP of India. It provides +employment to the people. +vii. It also helps in creating self-sufficiency in the country. It produces goods for localand international consumers. +15. There has been a big change in the three sector s of economic activities but a similar +shift has not taken place in the share of employmen t due to the following reasons: +i. There has been an increase in the industrial out put by 8 times but employment in +the sector has increased only by 2-5 times. +ii. The production of services rose by 11 times in the tertiary sector but employment +in the services rose only by 3 times. +iii. More than 50% of workers in the country are wo rking in the primary sector +producing only one-quarter of the goods. +iv. Secondary and tertiary sectors produce three-fo urths of the product whereas theyCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +producing only one-quarter of the goods. +iv. Secondary and tertiary sectors produce three-fo urths of the product whereas they +only employ half of the country's workers. +v. Primary sector has disguised employment whereas workers in secondary and +tertiary sectors work overtime.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +1. The Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act,Payment of Gr atuity Act, Shops and +Establishment Act are followed by (1) +a. Organised sector +b. Unorganised sector +c. Agricultural sector +d. Household sector +2. Why tertiary sector has become so important in I ndia? (1) +a. Increase in requirement of basic services. +b. Increase in population +c. Increase in unemployment +d. Expansion of banking sector +3. Which area is affected the most by the developme nt of tertiary sector? (1) +a. Barren land +b. Coastal area +c. Urban area +d. Rural area +4. Which of the these is not a feature of unorganiz ed sector? (1) +a. Job insecurity +b. Jobs are low paid and often not regular +c. Fixed working hours +d. No provision for paid leave +5. Which of the following activity is of tertiary s ector? (1) +a. Forestry +b. Making sugarc. Dairy farming +d. BankingCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +c. Fixed working hours +d. No provision for paid leave +5. Which of the following activity is of tertiary s ector? (1) +a. Forestry +b. Making sugarc. Dairy farming +d. Banking +6. Can you predict the most dominant sector of econ omy of India in 2020? (1) +7. Define the term enterprise. (1) +8. For how many days employment is guaranteed under NREGA 2005? (1) +9. Name the sector where more of the people of Indi a employed? (1) +10. Fill in the blanks using the correct option giv en in the bracket: (3) +i. Employment in the service sector _________ incre ased to the same extent as +production. (has/has not) +ii. Workers in the ________ sector do not produce g oods. (tertiary / agricultural) +iii. Most of the workers in the _________ sector en joy job security. (organized / +unorganized) +iv. A _________ proportion of labourers in India ar e working in the unorganized +sector. (large / small) +v. Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is a ___ ______ product. (natural +/manufactured)CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +iv. A _________ proportion of labourers in India ar e working in the unorganized +sector. (large / small) +v. Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is a ___ ______ product. (natural +/manufactured) +vi. The activities in primary, secondary and tertiar y sectors are_________ (independent +/ interdependent) +11. Describe the role of the state in providing bas ic services in developing countries. (3) +12. What are the differences in the employment cond itions between organized and +unorganized sectors of the economy? (3) +13. What are the three sectors of economic activiti es on the basis of the ownership of +resources? (3) +14. What are the disadvantages of the unorganized s ector? (5) +15. Using examples from your area compare and contr ast the activities and functions of +the private and public sectors. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +Answers +1. a. Organised sector +Explanation: Organised sector covers those enterprises that are registered byCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +Answers +1. a. Organised sector +Explanation: Organised sector covers those enterprises that are registered by +the government and have to follow its rules and reg ulations which are given in +various laws such as The Factories Act, Minimum Wage s Act, Payment of +Gratuity Act, Shops and Establishment Act etc. Thus these acts are followed by +organised sector whereas unorganised sector is larg ely outside the control of +the government +2. a. Increase in requirement of basic services. +Explanation: In any country basic services such as hospitals, edu cational +institutions, police stations, courts, municipal corpo rations, etc. are required. +All these come under the tertiary sector , therefore this sector is becoming +important in India. +3. c. Urban area +Explanation: Demand of services like eating out, tourism, shopping , private +hospitals, schools, etc. These things are mostly dema nded by the big cities. ThusCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +important in India. +3. c. Urban area +Explanation: Demand of services like eating out, tourism, shopping , private +hospitals, schools, etc. These things are mostly dema nded by the big cities. Thus +it is the urban area which is affected most by the development of tertiary +sector. +4. c. Fixed working hours +Explanation: Fixed no of working hours is a feature of organized sector and if +workers work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer. Rest of the +three are features of unorganized sector. +5. d. Banking +Explanation: The service sector consists of the production of se rvices instead +of end products. Banking is activity of tertiary se ctor which also includes +insurance and investment management. +6. Service sector or Tertiary sector will, in most p robability, become the most dominantsector of the Indian economy by the year 2020. +7. An enterprise is a person or a group of persons engaged in the production orCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +7. An enterprise is a person or a group of persons engaged in the production or +distribution of goods or services meant mainly for the purpose of sale. +8. Under NREGA 2005 employment is guaranteed for 10 0 days. +9. Primary Sector. +10. i. has not +ii. tertiary +iii. organised +iv. large +v. natural...........manufactured +vi. interdependent +11. i. There are a large number of activities which are the primary responsibilities of +the government. +ii. They include providing health, education facilit ies, like, quality education +particularly elementary education. +iii. The government also pays attention to various aspects of human development +such as safe drinking water, housing facilities, food and nutrition for the poor +people. +iv. The government also provides basic services lik e hospital facilities, transport, and +communication services at affordable prices. +12. Organized sector : +i. Organised Sector is a sector where the employmen t terms are fixed and regular,CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +communication services at affordable prices. +12. Organized sector : +i. Organised Sector is a sector where the employmen t terms are fixed and regular, +and the employees get assured work. +ii. Workers in the organized sector enjoy the secur ity of employment. +iii. Workers get several benefits from employers li ke paid leave, provident fund, +gratuity, etc. +iv. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer. +Unorganized sector : +i. Unorganised sector is one where the employment t erms are not fixed and regular, +as well as the enterprises, are not registered with the government.ii. Employment is subject to a high degree of insec urity. +iii. There is no provision for paid leave, holidays, etc. +iv. Workers get fewer wages and there is no provisi on for overtime payment. +13. i. Public Sector: It is a sector which is owned , controlled and managed by the +government. The main aim of this sector is public w elfare. For example: IndianCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +13. i. Public Sector: It is a sector which is owned , controlled and managed by the +government. The main aim of this sector is public w elfare. For example: Indian +Postal Department. Indian Railways. +ii. Private Sector: It is the sector which is owned , controlled and managed by the +private individual. The main aim of this sector is to earn profit. For example Bajaj, +TATA etc +iii. Joint Sector: It is the sector which is owned, controlled and managed jointly by the +government and private individuals. For example Oil India Ltd. +14. The following are the disadvantages of the unor ganized sector: +i. Generally jobs in such type of sector are low pa id and generally not regular. +ii. Such sectors are not registered by the governme nt. +iii. They are characterized by small and scattered units which are largely outside the +control of the government. +iv. There are rules and regulations but these are n ot followed.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +iii. They are characterized by small and scattered units which are largely outside the +control of the government. +iv. There are rules and regulations but these are n ot followed. +v. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, ho liday, leave due to sickness etc. +vi. Employment is subject to a high degree of insec urity. People can be asked to leave +without any reason. +vii. Employers do not make provision for overtime p ayment, paid leaves or holidays, +medical facilities, gratuity and provident fund. +15. +Public Sector Private Sector +This sector aims at increasing the +facilities for public welfare. This sector is +not guided by a profit motive.This sector is guided by the motive to +earn more and more profits. +The government owns most of the assets +and takes responsibility to deliver +services.The ownership of assets and delivery of +services is in the hands of private +individuals or companies.The decisions regarding production and +distribution are taken by theCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +services.The ownership of assets and delivery of +services is in the hands of private +individuals or companies.The decisions regarding production and +distribution are taken by the +government.The decisions regarding production and +distribution are taken by owners or +manager of the company. +This sector provides basic facilities like +education, health, food and security, to +people.This sector provides consumer goods to +the people. +All citizens of a country use and obtain +services produced by this sector +unconditionally.This sector does not render services of +public utility. +Examples - Indian Railways and the post +office.Examples - TISCO and Reliance +Industries Limited.CHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 27 Globalisation +1. Which of the following is a major benefit of joi nt production between a local company +and a multinational company? (1) +a. Multinational company can bring latest technolog y in the production. +b. Multinational company can control the increase i n the price. +c. Multinational company can increase the price of products. +d. Multinational company can sell the product under their brand name. +2. Which of the following occupies the top position in Indian exports as on 1/12/2017? +(1) +a. Engineering Goods +b. Textiles and Clothing +c. Gems and Jewellery +d. Refined Petroleum Products +3. Full form of SEZ is (1) +a. South Asian Economic Zone +b. Special Economic Zone +c. Southern Economic Zone +d. Shanghai Economic Zone +4. Increasing role of private sector comes under (1) +a. Globalisation +b. Privatisation +c. Liberalisation +d. Socialisation +5. MNCs choose to set up production close to the av ailability of: (1)CHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +a. Globalisation +b. Privatisation +c. Liberalisation +d. Socialisation +5. MNCs choose to set up production close to the av ailability of: (1) +a. Cheap labour resourcesb. None of these +c. Economic sustainability +d. \/Cheap goods +6. How many countries are currently the members of the World Trade Organization +(WTO)? (1) +7. Why do MNCs set-up their offices and factories i n those regions where they get cheap +labour and other resources? (1) +8. In how many countries the production process of Ford motors spread? (1) +9. What is the per day capacity of the Cargill Food s to make Oil Pouches? (1) +10. In what ways will the production of cars by For d Motors in India lead to interlinking +of production? (3) +11. Highlight any three disadvantages of Multinatio nal Corporations. (3) +12. Explain the different ways by which Multination al Corporations manage to keep the +cost of production of their goods low? (3) +13. Distinguish between foreign trade an foreign in vestment. (3)CHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +12. Explain the different ways by which Multination al Corporations manage to keep the +cost of production of their goods low? (3) +13. Distinguish between foreign trade an foreign in vestment. (3) +14. "The impact of globalisation has not been unifo rm." Demonstrate with the help of +illustrations. (5) +15. "Globalisation has been advantageous to consume rs as well as to producers." Support +the statement with suitable examples. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 27 Globalisation +Answer +1. a. Multinational company can bring latest techno logy in the production. +Explanation: In developing countries there is lack of technolog y as a result of +which most of their resources remain unutilised. It is because of the modern +high technology that these resources are utilised e fficiently. This technology is +transferred to the developing countries through mul tinational corporations. +2. d. Refined Petroleum ProductsCHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +high technology that these resources are utilised e fficiently. This technology is +transferred to the developing countries through mul tinational corporations. +2. d. Refined Petroleum Products +Explanation: The share of refined petroleum products in India's exports is +20% and it occupies the top position whereas second position is occupied by +engineering goods whose share in India's exports is almost 19%. +3. b. Special Economic Zone +Explanation: These are designated areas in a region set up by t he government +to attract foreign companies to invest in the count ries. +4. b. Privatisation +Explanation: Privatisation refers to a process that reduces the involvement of +public sector and increases the role of private sec tor in economic activities of +the country. +5. a. Cheap labour resources +Explanation: For the lower the cost and to earn greater profits , MNCs set up +offices and factories for +production in regions where they can get cheap labo ur and other resources.CHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +Explanation: For the lower the cost and to earn greater profits , MNCs set up +offices and factories for +production in regions where they can get cheap labo ur and other resources. +6. World Trade Organization (WTO) has 164 member co untries as on 29 July 2016. +7. MNCs set-up their offices and factories in those regions where they get cheap labour +and other resources because of the low cost of prod uction and they can earn greater +profits. +8. In 26 countries the production process of Ford m otors spread.9. The per day capacity of the Cargill Foods to mak e Oil Pouches is Five million pouches. +10. Ford Motors is one of the world's largest autom obile manufacturers. Their production +is spread over 26 countries in the world. The steps taken by Ford Motors for +interlinking of production are as follows: +i. They have set-up a production plant for cars in Chennai in partnership with a +local company, Mahindra and Mahindra.CHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +interlinking of production are as follows: +i. They have set-up a production plant for cars in Chennai in partnership with a +local company, Mahindra and Mahindra. +ii. They are entering into agreements with the loca l companies of car parts for +supplying parts of Ford cars manufactured in their production unit and they are +also planning to supply these parts to their other car production units around the +globe. +iii. They are closely competing with the local comp anies in the Indian market in order +to increase their market share. +11. i. Due to globalisation several manufacturing u nits have shut down. Batteries, +capacitors, plastic, toys, tyres, dairy products and ve getable oils are some +examples of industries. +ii. Due to shutting down of industrial units, many workers become jobless. +Workers’ jobs are no longer secure. +iii. Globalisation and the pressure of competition have substantially changed the +lives of the workers.CHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +Workers’ jobs are no longer secure. +iii. Globalisation and the pressure of competition have substantially changed the +lives of the workers. +12. i. MNCs setup production units in those countri es where labour is available at +cheaper rate and has large market to sell their pro ducts. +ii. MNCs setup production units jointly with some o f the local companies of the +countries. +iii. Maximum MNCs place orders for production to sm all producers and sell them +with their own brand name. +13. +Basis Foreign Trade Foreign Investment +MeaningTrade between two or more +countries is termed as +foreign tradeInvestment made by an MNC or a +financial institution in another country +is termed as foreign investment. +It helps in connecting theResult markets of different +countries across the world.Additional investment in the form of +capital, technology and other resources. +AdvantageIt creates an opportunity for +the producers to cover the +international markets.It brings long-term capital to theCHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +capital, technology and other resources. +AdvantageIt creates an opportunity for +the producers to cover the +international markets.It brings long-term capital to the +company. +14. i. Globalisation has no doubt benefited the wel l to do consumers and also the rich +and wealthy producers, but many small producers and workers have suffered as a +result of the rising competition. The small produce rs are finding it very difficult to +compete with global players. Also the benefits of g lobalisation has not been able to +reach the people living in rural areas as most of t he MNCs cater to the urban +market where they can make huge profits. +ii. Removal of trade barriers and liberalisation po licies of the governments to +facilitate globalisation have hit the local produce rs and manufacturers hard. The +small /local producers could not match to the large scale investment and +production of the MNCs and had to shut down their b usinesses. Globalisation isCHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +small /local producers could not match to the large scale investment and +production of the MNCs and had to shut down their b usinesses. Globalisation is +mainly beneficial to‘large capitalists, industries an d large companies. +Consequently, it increases the concentration of econ omic power and leads to +inequalities. +iii. Globalisation and the pressure of competition have substantially changed the +labour laws. Faced with growing competition, most em ployers these days prefer to +employ workers 'flexibl'. This means that workers' jobs are no longer secure. +Globalisation has some negative impacts on employme nt and real wages. Due to +ushering in of new technologies, output increases, bu t employment opportunities +are not much, especially in rural areas, where over 6 0% of the population lives. +15. Globalisation has been advantageous to producer s in the following ways: +i. The producers now have access to international m arkets.CHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +15. Globalisation has been advantageous to producer s in the following ways: +i. The producers now have access to international m arkets. +ii. Globalisation has also enabled free movement of capital, i.e.via electronic +transfers etc. +iii. Globalisation has enabled access to foreign in vestment in capital and technology +via Foreign Direct Investment etc. +iv. Globalization has enabled some big Indian compa nies to establish themselves asMulti-National Corporations (MNCs). For e.g.Tata Mo tors. +Globalisation has been advantageous to consumers in the following ways: +i. Globalisation has led to employment generation a nd has benefited the consumer. +It has increased the purchasing power of the consum er. +ii. Globalisation has also given rise to intense co mpetition due to opening up of +markets to foreign companies. As a result, this has led to an increase in product +quality and a decrease in the prices of the product s which ultimately is to benefit +of the consumer.CHAPTER 21-ECONOMICS - GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +markets to foreign companies. As a result, this has led to an increase in product +quality and a decrease in the prices of the product s which ultimately is to benefit +of the consumer. +iii. The consumers have benefited from the arrival of MNCs as they have now a larger +choice in the goods and services that are available to them in the market. +iv. Due to globalization, people can now enjoy a hig her standard of living.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +1. Which of the following activity is not from the secondary sector? (1) +a. Warehousing +b. Making sugar +c. Making bricks +d. Production of cement +2. Which part of the population has affected most b y the development of tertiary sector? +(1) +a. Small shopkeepers, repair persons and transport p ersons, etc. +b. Skilled and educated workers +c. Farmers +d. Unskilled workers +3. Why does government sell food grains at lower pr ice through ration shops? (1) +a. The quality is not good +b. No other market is available +c. To support the consumers +d. To earn profit +4. National Sample Survey Organisation conducts the surveys on employment and +unemployment in every- (1) +a. Six years +b. Five years +c. Ten years +d. Seven years +5. Which of the following sector is currently the l argest employer in India? (1) +a. Bankingb. Primary sector +c. Tertiary sector +d. Secondary sectorCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +b. Five years +c. Ten years +d. Seven years +5. Which of the following sector is currently the l argest employer in India? (1) +a. Bankingb. Primary sector +c. Tertiary sector +d. Secondary sector +6. Which sector had the highest share in GDP in 200 3? (1) +7. Through which act is Right to Work implemented? (1) +8. Which sector helps in the development of the pri mary and secondary sector? (1) +9. Give full form of NREGA. (1) +10. What is NREGA? Explain the objectives of impleme nting the NREGA 2005. (3) +11. Classify the economic sectors on the basis of n ature of activities. Mention the main +feature of each. (3) +12. Suggest any five ways to provide more employmen t opportunities in rural areas. (3) +13. How is Tertiary sector different from other sec tors? Illustrate with a few examples. +(3) +14. How can more employment opportunities be create d in rural areas? (5) +15. What is the role of government in the public se ctor? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +(3) +14. How can more employment opportunities be create d in rural areas? (5) +15. What is the role of government in the public se ctor? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 25 Sectors of Indian Economy +Answers +1. a. Warehousing +Explanation: Warehousing is the act of storing goods that will b e sold or +distributed later. It is a tertiary sector activity and rest are of secondary sector. +2. a. Small shopkeepers, repair persons and transpor t persons, etc. +Explanation: Small shopkeepers, repair persons and transport pers ons barely +manage to earn a living and yet they perform these services because no +alternative opportunities for work are available to them. Therefore these +groups are affected most by the development of the tertiary sector. +3. c. To support the consumers +Explanation: The Public Distribution System (PDS) is the key ele ment of the +Government's food security system in India. It was launched in 1944 however inCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +3. c. To support the consumers +Explanation: The Public Distribution System (PDS) is the key ele ment of the +Government's food security system in India. It was launched in 1944 however in +current form it was launched in 1947. It is an inst rument for ensuring +availability of certain essential commodities at ea sily affordable prices +especially for the poor. The Government, via the Foo d Corporation of India +(FCI), procures and stocks food grains which are rel eased every month for +distribution through the PDS network across the cou ntry. +4. b. Five years +Explanation: The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO ), now known +as National Sample Survey Office an organization under the Ministry of statistics +of the Govt. of India was established in 1950. Nati onal Sample Survey +Organization(NSSO)’ has been consistently conducting ‘Employment Unemployment +Surveys’ for an interval of every five years since 1 973, which is considered to be theCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Organization(NSSO)’ has been consistently conducting ‘Employment Unemployment +Surveys’ for an interval of every five years since 1 973, which is considered to be the +most credible and reliable sources of employment da ta in the country. +5. b. Primary sector +Explanation: Services sector contributes highest to the GDP of t he country but +it is the primary sector which employees almost hal f of the country’spopulation. +6. Tertiary sector had the highest share in GDP in 2003. +7. Right to Work is implemented through National Ru ral Employment Guarantee Act +(NREGA) 2005. This act provides 100 days assured em ployment to the workers. +8. The Service sector helps in the development of p rimary and secondary sectors. +9. The full form of NREGA is National Rural Employm ent Guarantee Act. +10. It is National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2 005. The Central Government in +India recently made a law implementing the Right to Work. Its objectives are:CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +10. It is National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2 005. The Central Government in +India recently made a law implementing the Right to Work. Its objectives are: +i. All those who are able to, and are in need of wor k are guaranteed 100 days of +employment in a year by the government. +ii. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give +unemployment allowance to the people +iii. The types of work that would in future help to increase the production from land +will be given preference under the Act. +11. Classification of economic sectors on the basis of nature of activities are as follows: +i. Primary sector: When we produce goods by exploiting natural resour ces, it is an +activity of the primary sector. Since most of the n atural products we get are from +agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is a lso called agriculture and related +sector. +ii. Secondary sector: In this, natural products are changed into other fo rmsCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is a lso called agriculture and related +sector. +ii. Secondary sector: In this, natural products are changed into other fo rms +through manufacturing that we associate with indust rial activity The product is +not produced by nature but has to be made and there fore, some process of +manufacturing is essential. For example, using cotto n fibre from the plant we spin, +yarn and weave cloth. Since this sector gradually b ecame associated with the +different kinds of industries that came up, it is al so called as industrial sector. +iii. Tertiary sector: It helps in the development of the primary and sec ondary +sectors. They provide aid or support for the produc tion process. Transport, +storage, communication, banking, trade are some exampl es of tertiary activities.Since these activities generate services rather tha n goods, the tertiary sector is also +called the service sector.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +storage, communication, banking, trade are some exampl es of tertiary activities.Since these activities generate services rather tha n goods, the tertiary sector is also +called the service sector. +12. The following measures can be taken to increase employment in rural areas: +i. Improving irrigation facilities so that farmers harvest two or three crops in a year. +Thus, more people can be employed. This will also he lp in enhancing productivity. +ii. More dams should be built on rivers so that mor e water can be provided to small +farmers to increase the number of crops grown annua lly. +iii. Provide better roads and improve transportatio n and storage which will benefit +small farmers and many people will be employed in t hese sectors. +iv. Alternative employment such as honey collection centres and vegetable and fruit +processing units should be set-up. +v. More cottage industries and services should be p romoted in rural areas with soft +loans and marketing support.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +processing units should be set-up. +v. More cottage industries and services should be p romoted in rural areas with soft +loans and marketing support. +vi. By providing basic inputs. The government can i ncrease productivity by providing +modern inputs like HYV seeds, harvester etc. +vii. By providing cheap credit-starting cooperative s or opening banks should be done. +They will provide money to the farmers for the init ial production cost. +13. The Tertiary sector is different from the other two sectors because the other sectors +produce goods, but this sector does not produce good s by itself. Instead, the Tertiary +sector provides services that help in the developme nt of the Primary and Secondary +sectors. +These activities are an aid to provide support for the production process, e.g. +transport, communication, storage, banking, insurance, t rade activities, etc. For this +reason, this sector is also known as the Service sec tor. We can give the following +examples for this sector.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +transport, communication, storage, banking, insurance, t rade activities, etc. For this +reason, this sector is also known as the Service sec tor. We can give the following +examples for this sector. +i. The goods produced by the primary and secondary sector needs to be transported +to the market place. This service of transportation is given by the service sector +without which the distribution of goods will become impossible. +ii. Nowadays, we see so many startups coming up. The y need money to start their +business and to buy new machinery and equipment. Th is assistance is given by +the banking sector as they provide loans to budding entrepreneurs.14. The following steps can be taken to create more employment in rural areas: +i. Loans should be provided to small farmers by the government or bank to have +more irrigation facilities like wells and tube well s in order to enable them to grow +the second crop.CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +i. Loans should be provided to small farmers by the government or bank to have +more irrigation facilities like wells and tube well s in order to enable them to grow +the second crop. +ii. Farmers should diversify agriculture and adopt horticulture, animal rearing, +organic farming, pisciculture besides farming. +iii. New dams and canals should be constructed. Thi s will lead to more employment +in the agricultural sector. +iv. Transportation and storage facilities must be i mproved to provide productive +employment to not only the farmers but also to othe rs in services like transport +and trade. +v. Banks should provide agricultural credit to the farmers for farming to improve. +Government should take necessary steps to provide l oans to farmers at cheaper +rates and from formal sources of credit. +vi. Industries such as dal mill, cold storage, honey collection centres and processing of +vegetables should be set up in rural or semi-rural areas. Such industries will getCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +vi. Industries such as dal mill, cold storage, honey collection centres and processing of +vegetables should be set up in rural or semi-rural areas. Such industries will get +raw materials from rural areas and will create more employment opportunities +for rural people. +vii. Establishment and promotion of cottage and sma ll scale industries will also +increase employment opportunities in rural areas. +viii. More schools should be opened in rural areas. This will provide jobs to about 20 +lakh people in the education sector. +ix. Making provisions health services in rural belt s can also result in employment. +Health services should be improved by opening dispe nsaries and hospitals. This +will create jobs for doctors, nurses and other staff . +x. Tourism, regional craft industry and Information Technology should be +encouraged by the government to create more employm ent opportunities. +15. The following points sum up the role of governm ent in the public sector:CHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +encouraged by the government to create more employm ent opportunities. +15. The following points sum up the role of governm ent in the public sector: +i. The welfare of the people : The modern state is a welfare state that looks af ter +the interests of its citizens. People pay different types of taxes and expect their +representatives or the government to follow policie s for their welfare. Serviceslike railways, posts and telegraphs are run by the g overnment for the welfare of +the people. +ii. Large expenditure: Some activities like construction of roads need lar ge sums +of expenditure that cannot be borne by the private sector. So, the government +takes up such activities in the interest of the peo ple in a democracy. +iii. Support of the government: There are some activities that need the support of +the government in the form of subsidy such as a pro vision of foodgrains for the +poor through ration shops. The government buys whea t, paddy etc. at a higherCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +the government in the form of subsidy such as a pro vision of foodgrains for the +poor through ration shops. The government buys whea t, paddy etc. at a higher +price but sells at a lower price at ration shops. +iv. The duty of the government: It is the duty of the government to raise the +living standard of the people. It should make arran gements for quality education +and health services in order to take care of the po orest and most ignored regions +of the country through an increase in expenditure i n such areas. Thus, the +government takes up various activities and spends a lot of expenditure on them. +v. Development of infrastructure: The pace of industrial development cannot +be accelerated without the establishment of infrast ructure. Its development +requires huge capital investment which cannot be mo bilised by the private sector. +Moreover, these projects do not promise high profits . +vi. Other problems: There are many other problems like malnourishment, highCHAPTER 19 -ECONOMICS - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Moreover, these projects do not promise high profits . +vi. Other problems: There are many other problems like malnourishment, high +infant mortality rate, unsafe drinking water, lack of housing facilities, etc. which +need special attention. These problems can be solve d only with the help of the +government.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +1. Which among the following is an autobiography of Rashundari Devi (1) +a. Amar Jawan +b. Amar zindagi +c. AmarJyoti +d. Amar Jiban +2. Which of the following was the first Hindi newsp aper? (1) +a. Bharat Mata +b. Kesri +c. Bande Mataram +d. Uddant Martand +3. Istri Dharm Vichar was published by (1) +a. Ravi verma +b. Rammohun Roy +c. Ram Chaddha +d. B. R. Ambedkar +4. Bombay Samachar made its appearance in the year (1) +a. 1864 +b. 1857 +c. 1828 +d. 1822 +5. Raj Ravi Varma was a/an (1) +a. Journalist +b. Editor +c. Novelistd. Painter +6. What was the meaning of the art form Ukiyo? (1) +7. What did political leaders and reformers like Jy otiba Phule, Gandhiji, B.R. Ambedker +and Periyar Ramaswamy oppose? (1) +8. Give the ancient name of Tokyo. (1) +9. Name the chapbooks which were famous in France. (1) +10. It is difficult for us to imagine a world witho ut printed matter. Justify the statementCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +8. Give the ancient name of Tokyo. (1) +9. Name the chapbooks which were famous in France. (1) +10. It is difficult for us to imagine a world witho ut printed matter. Justify the statement +giving any three suitable arguments. (3) +11. Explain any three reasons due to which women be came large readers in the 19th +century Europe. (3) +12. Write about the different innovations in the pr inting technology during the 19th +century. (3) +13. How print was diversified by the seventeenth ce ntury in China? (3) +14. "Print led to intense controversies between soc ial and religious reformers and Hindu +orthodoxy.” Support the statement with example. (5) +15. Explain the main features of the first book pri nted by Gutenberg. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 07 Print Culture and the Modern World +Answers +1. d. Amar Jiban +Explanation: Amar Jiban, published in 1876, is the name of Rashund ari Devi's +autobiography and is the first autobiography writte n by an Indian woman.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Answers +1. d. Amar Jiban +Explanation: Amar Jiban, published in 1876, is the name of Rashund ari Devi's +autobiography and is the first autobiography writte n by an Indian woman. +2. d. Uddant Martand +Explanation: The first hindi newspaper was Udant Martand and it was +published in the year 1826. +3. c. Ram Chaddha +Explanation: Ram Chaddha published the fast selling Istri Dharm Vichar to +teach women how to be obedient wives. +4. d. 1822 +Explanation: Bombay Samachar made its appearance in the year 182 2. It was +established by Fardunjee Marzban. +5. d. Painter +Explanation: Raj Ravi Varma was a painter who produced innumerab le +mythological paintings that were printed at the Rav i Varma Press. +6. Ukiyo is a Japanese art movement that flourished from the 17th to the 19th century. It +is a picture of the floating works or depiction of ordinary human experiences, +especially urban ones. +7. The political leaders and reformers like Jyotiba Phule, Gandhiji, B.R. Ambedkar andCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +is a picture of the floating works or depiction of ordinary human experiences, +especially urban ones. +7. The political leaders and reformers like Jyotiba Phule, Gandhiji, B.R. Ambedkar and +Periyar Ramaswamy opposed discrimination against th e outcaste groups, caste +inequalities. +8. The former name of Tokyo was Edo. It was also ro manized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo. +9. The chapbooks famous in France were Bibliotheque Bleue. +10. It is difficult for us to imagine a world witho ut printed matter because:i. We find print everywhere around us in books, news papers, journals, magazines, +famous paintings, official circulars, calendars, diari es, advertisements and cinema +posters. +ii. We read printed literature, books, novels and sto ries. Newspapers are being read +every day and track public debates. +iii. Printed matter helps in preservation and disse mination of history, scientific +knowledge and culture, etc. +11. Women became large readers in the nineteenth ce ntury Europe because:CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iii. Printed matter helps in preservation and disse mination of history, scientific +knowledge and culture, etc. +11. Women became large readers in the nineteenth ce ntury Europe because: +i. Certain magazines, especially penny magazines wer e published to attract the +women readers. +ii. Penny magazines were manuals teaching proper be haviors and housekeeping. +iii. In the nineteenth century there was vast leaps in mass literacy in Europe, due to +which women readership rose. +iv. Some of the best known novelists were women. +12. There was a series of new innovations in printi ng technology through the 19th +century: +i. By the mid-19th century, Richard M Hoe of New York had perfected the power- +driven cylindrical press. It was capable of printin g 8000 sheets per hour which +was specially useful for printing newspapers. +ii. In the late 19th century, the offset press was d eveloped which could print upto six +colours at a time.CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +was specially useful for printing newspapers. +ii. In the late 19th century, the offset press was d eveloped which could print upto six +colours at a time. +iii. From the beginning of the 20th century, electri cally operated presses accelerated +printing operations. +iv. Later, some other improvements were developed e. g. methods of feeding paper +improved, the quality of plates became better, automa tic paper reels and +photoelectric controls of the colour register were introduced. +v. The 19th century periodicals serialised importan t novels, which gave birth to a +particular way of writing novels. +13. By the seventeenth century as urban culture blo omed in China, the use of print +diversified. Print was no longer used just by schol ar-officials. Merchants used print intheir everyday life, as they collected trade informa tion. Reading increasingly became +a leisure activity. The new readership preferred fi ctional narratives, poetry,CHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +a leisure activity. The new readership preferred fi ctional narratives, poetry, +autobiographies, anthologies of literary masterpiece s and romantic plays. +14. Print led to intense controversies between soci al and religious reformers and Hindu +orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monoth eism, brahmanical +priesthood and idolatry. +i. In Bengal as the debate developed tracts and new spapers proliferated circulating a +variety of arguments. +ii. To reach a wider audience, the ideas were printe d in the everyday spoken +language of local people. +iii. Raja Rammohan Roy published the ‘ Sambad Kaumud ’ from 1821 and the Hindu +orthodoxy commissioned the ‘ Samachar Chandrika ' to oppose the opinions of +Rammohan Roy. +iv. From 1822 two Persian newspapers were published , ‘Jam-i-Jahan Nama' and +'Shamsul Akhba'. +15. By 1448, Gutenberg perfected the system of print ing press. The first book printed by +John Guttenberg was the holy book Bible. About 180 copies were printed and it tookCHAPTER 5-HISTORY-PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +'Shamsul Akhba'. +15. By 1448, Gutenberg perfected the system of print ing press. The first book printed by +John Guttenberg was the holy book Bible. About 180 copies were printed and it took +three years to produce them. These printed books ha s following features: +i. It closely resembled the written manuscripts in appearance and layout. +ii. The types of metal letters imitated the ornamen tal handwritten style. +iii. Boarders of the Bible were illuminated by hand with foliage and other patterns. +iv. Printing of books for the commons and for elite s was different.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 15 Life Lines of National Economy +1. What locations are connected by the longest Nati onal Highway-7? (1) +a. Delhi and Kanyakumari +b. Jabalpur and Madurai +c. Delhi and Mumbai +d. Varanasi and Kanyakumari +2. ________ provides helicopter services to Oil and Natural Gas Corporation in its off- +shore operations. (1) +a. Emirates Helicopters Ltd. +b. Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. +c. Sahara Helicopters Ltd. +d. Air Asia Helicopters Ltd. +3. Which mode of transport can traverse comparative ly more dissected and undulating +topography? (1) +a. Railways +b. Airways +c. Water ways +d. Roadways +4. Solids can also be transported through a pipelin e when converted into _______. (1) +a. gases +b. liquid +c. vapour +d. slurry +5. Villages are connected to a major town through t his scheme of roads (1) +a. PMGSY +b. AAY +c. MNREGA +d. SJGRY +6. What is Paradwip port famous for? Also name the s tate in which it is located? (1)CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +a. PMGSY +b. AAY +c. MNREGA +d. SJGRY +6. What is Paradwip port famous for? Also name the s tate in which it is located? (1) +7. Which term is used to describe trade between two or more countries? (1)8. How much is the length of coastline of India? (1) +9. Handling of exports and imports on a large scale is done conveniently from the +Kandla port. Why? (1) +10. Explain any two merits and two demerits of pipe lines transport. (3) +11. The Great Plains have more railways than the Hi malayan Mountains - Why? (3) +12. Explain four advantages of road transport in In dia. (3) +13. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names +on the lines marked on the map. +a. Tidal port +b. Deepest landlocked port +ii. Locate and Label Tuticorin Port with appropriat e symbols on the same map given +for identification (3)CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +on the lines marked on the map. +a. Tidal port +b. Deepest landlocked port +ii. Locate and Label Tuticorin Port with appropriat e symbols on the same map given +for identification (3) +14. Explain with examples the changing nature of in ternational trade of India in the last +fifteen years. (5) +15. Why are the means of transportation and communi cation called the lifelines of a +nation and its economy? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 15 Life Lines of National Economy +Answer +1. d. Varanasi and Kanyakumari +Explanation: National Highway-7 is the longest and traverses 2, 369 km +between Varanasi and Kanyakumari via Jabalpur, Nagpu r, Hyderabad, +Bangalore and Madurai. +2. b. Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. +Explanation: Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. Provides helicopter ser vices to Oil +and Natural Gas Corporation in its off-shore operat ions. Other than providing +helicopter services to ONGC to its off-shore locati ons, this public sector companyCHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +and Natural Gas Corporation in its off-shore operat ions. Other than providing +helicopter services to ONGC to its off-shore locati ons, this public sector company +is often engaged for providing services to various state governments in India, +particularly in North East India. +3. d. Roadways +Explanation: Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected an d +undulating topography. Most of the roads are in bad shape and are inadequate. +4. d. slurry +Explanation: Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when +converted into slurry. Slurry pipelines find a spec ial place in industrial +applications which require transportation of solid particles through a pipeline +5. a. PMGSY +Explanation: Rural roads, which link rural areas and villages wi th towns, are +classified under this category. These roads receive d special impetus under the +Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana. +6. Paradwip port located in Odisha is famous for th e export of iron ore.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +classified under this category. These roads receive d special impetus under the +Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana. +6. Paradwip port located in Odisha is famous for th e export of iron ore. +7. It is called an International Trade. +8. The Indian coastline covers 7,516.6 km.9. Because it is a tidal port so a large volume of water enters during high tides which +makes it easier for large ships to enter and exit. +10. Merits of pipelines transport are: +a. It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays in the transportation of +materials. +b. The far inland locations of refineries like Bara uni, Mathura, Panipat and +gas-based fertilizer plants could be possible only because of pipelines. +Demerits of pipelines transport are: +a. Initial costs of laying pipelines are very high as they have to be laid +underground. +b. Leak or damage in the pipeline might pollute soi l and contaminate ground +water, damaging the environment.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +underground. +b. Leak or damage in the pipeline might pollute soi l and contaminate ground +water, damaging the environment. +11. The Great Plains have more railways than the Hi malayan Mountains because of the +following reasons: +i. Level land of the Great Plains of India provides favourable conditions for the +development of Railway. +ii. High density of population in the Great Plains as compared with the Himalayan +Mountains encouraged laying down of more railway li nes to meet the demand of +passengers. +12. Advantages of roadways over railways are: +i. Construction cost of roads is much lower than ra ilway lines. +ii. Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography. +iii. Roadways provides door to door service, thus th e cost of loading and unloading is +much lower. +iv. Road transport is economical and ideal in trans portation of few persons and +relatively smaller amount of goods over short dista nces.13.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +much lower. +iv. Road transport is economical and ideal in trans portation of few persons and +relatively smaller amount of goods over short dista nces.13. +14. There has been a change in the nature of intern ational trade of India in the last fifteen +years. +a. Since 2004-2005, in the international trade, the s hare of agriculture and allied +products, ores and minerals, chemical engineering goo ds has been increasing. +b. The exchange of information and knowledge has su perseded the exchange of +commodities and goods. +c. India has emerged as a software giant at the int ernational level. +d. Large foreign exchange of India comes through th e export of information +technology. +e. Imports: India imports Commodities such as petro leum and petroleum products +41.87% and Coal, Coke - 94.17%. +15. The means of transportation and communication a re called the lifelines of a nation +and its economy due to the following reasons:CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +41.87% and Coal, Coke - 94.17%. +15. The means of transportation and communication a re called the lifelines of a nation +and its economy due to the following reasons: +Thus, it is clear that the means of transportation a nd communication help in thedevelopment of the country. So they are called the lifelines of a nation and its +economy. +a. The means of transportation and communication pl ay an important role in the +production and movement of goods and services. +b. Transport helps in the development of various me ans of communication. Through +means of communication, we are able to talk with any one anywhere. It has +brought the world closer. +c. Transport like railways helps us in business, sig htseeing, pilgrimage and +transportation of goods over longer distances. +d. Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil, mi nerals in slurry form and natural +gas to interior refineries and factories. +e. Water transport, being the cheapest means of tran sport is useful for internationalCHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +gas to interior refineries and factories. +e. Water transport, being the cheapest means of tran sport is useful for international +trade. +f. Air transport provides the fastest, most comforta ble mode of transport even in +hilly areas.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 15 Life Lines of National Economy +1. When the value of exports exceeds the value of i mports, it is called: (1) +a. none of these +b. unfavourable balance of trade +c. free trade +d. favourable balance of trade +2. _________is the biggest port with a spacious nat ural and well-sheltered harbor. (1) +a. Mumbai +b. Chennai +c. Vishakhapatnam +d. Cochin +3. The movement of the goods and services from thei r supply locations to demand +locations necessitates the need for ___________. (1) +a. companies +b. industries +c. transport +d. retailers +4. India is the largest producer of feature _______ __ in the world. (1) +a. films +b. magazines +c. news papers +d. books +5. Principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India is: (1) +a. Railways +b. Airways +c. Roadways +d. Waterways +6. What is a new arrival on the transportation map of India? (1)CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +a. Railways +b. Airways +c. Roadways +d. Waterways +6. What is a new arrival on the transportation map of India? (1) +7. Name two major means of communication with two e xamples of each. (1)8. Which means of transport is a new arrival on the map of India? (1) +9. Name the extreme cities which are connected by E ast-West Corridors. (1) +10. What is the meaning of road density? Describe th e road density of Kerala and Jammu +and Kashmir. (3) +11. Explain any five merits of road transport. (3) +12. What is the work of NHAI, CPWD and SPWD? Explain. (3) +13. Two features A and B are marked in the given po litical map of India. Identify these +features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on +the lines marked on the map. Headquarter of Eastern Railway Headquarter of +Northern Railway Locate and Label Mumbai Church gat e Headquarter Western +railway with appropriate symbols on the same map gi ven for identification (3)CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +Northern Railway Locate and Label Mumbai Church gat e Headquarter Western +railway with appropriate symbols on the same map gi ven for identification (3) +14. Describe any five points of importance of mass communication. (5) +15. Efficient network of transport and communicatio n is a pre-requisite for local, national +and global trade of today. Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 15 Life Lines of National Economy +Answers +1. d. favourable balance of trade +Explanation: When the value of export exceeds the value of impo rts, it is +called a favourable balance of trade. +On the contrary, if the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is +termed as unfavourable balance of trade. +2. a. Mumbai +Explanation: Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious natural and well- +sheltered harbour. The Jawaharlal Nehru port was pl anned with a view to +decongest the Mumbai port and serve as a hub port f or this region. The port isCHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +sheltered harbour. The Jawaharlal Nehru port was pl anned with a view to +decongest the Mumbai port and serve as a hub port f or this region. The port is +primarily used for bulk cargo, while most containar traffic is directed to Nhava +Sheva port across the harbour. +3. c. transport +Explanation: The movement of the goods and services from their supply +locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people +are engaged in facilitating these movements.Efficie nt means of transport are +prerequisites for fast development. +4. a. films +Explanation: India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. It +produces short films; video feature films and video short films. The Central +Board of Film Certification is the authority to cer tify both Indian and foreign +films. India has one of the oldest and largest film industries in the world. +5. a. Railways +Explanation: Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freightCHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +films. India has one of the oldest and largest film industries in the world. +5. a. Railways +Explanation: Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight +and passengers in India. Rail transport has the abi lity of conveying heavy and +bulky goods; it is also very cheap, safe and comforta ble for passengers over a +long distance.6. Pipeline transport network used for transportati on of liquids as well as solids in +slurry form. +7. Major means of communication are: +a. Personal communication: It is communication between person to person. It +includes telephone, letter, e-mail etc. +b. Mass communication: It is the communication among masses. It includes +television, radio, internet etc. +8. Pipeline is the latest means of transport on the map of India. +9. Silcher (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat) are the two extreme cities which are +connected by East-West Corridors. +10. The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is kn own as density of roads. Distribution ofCHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +connected by East-West Corridors. +10. The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is kn own as density of roads. Distribution of +roads is not uniform in the country. Density of all roads varies from only 10 km in +Jammu and Kashmir to 375 km in Kerala with the nati onal average of the 75 km +(1996-97). +11. Merits of Road Transport are: +i. Construction cost of roads is less than the rail ways. +ii. Door-to-door service is an advantage of road tr ansport over others. +iii. The road transport provides flexible service t o men and materials. +iv. Road transport is useful for small distances. +v. Road transport facilitates the distribution of p erishable goods from point of +production to point of consumption. +vi. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and also can traverse mountains +such as the Himalayas. +12. i. NHAI : National Highway Authority of India laid and main tained the major roads +of India like Golden Quadrilateral and Super Highwa ys.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +such as the Himalayas. +12. i. NHAI : National Highway Authority of India laid and main tained the major roads +of India like Golden Quadrilateral and Super Highwa ys. +ii. CPWD: Central Public Works Department laid and maintain ed the primary road +system of India like National Highways. +iii. SPWD : State Public Works Department laid and maintained the state highways of +Indian states and Union Territories.13. +14. Mass communication refers to imparting and exch anging information on a large scale +to a wide range of people. The significance of mass communication is shown in the +following points: +i. Mass communication helps to spread the informati on up to the grassroots level. +Therefore, the government has made a special provisi on to extend 24 hours of STD +facility to every village in the country. +ii. All India Radio (Akashvani) broadcasts a variet y of programmes in national, +regional and local languages for all people spread over different parts of the +country.CHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +ii. All India Radio (Akashvani) broadcasts a variet y of programmes in national, +regional and local languages for all people spread over different parts of the +country. +iii. Doordarshan broadcasts a variety of programmes for entertainment, educational +programmes to sports, etc., for people of different a ge groups. +iv. India publishes a large number of newspapers an d periodicals in many +vernacular languages that helps in nurturing the In dian culture. +v. India is the largest producer of feature films i n the world. It produces short films +and feature films almost in all regional languages.15. We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available +in our immediate surroundings, while other requireme nts are met by bringing things +from other places. Goods and services do not move f rom supply locals to demand +locals on their own. The movement of these goods an d services from their supplyCHAPTER 17 -GEOGRAPHY-LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +from other places. Goods and services do not move f rom supply locals to demand +locals on their own. The movement of these goods an d services from their supply +locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people are +engaged in facilitating these movements. These peop le are known to be traders who +make the products come to the consumers by transpor tation. Thus, the place of +development of a country depends upon the productio n of goods and services as well +as their movement over space. Transport promotes in ternal as well as international +trade. It helps to maintain the defence of a countr y, transport and communication +contributes to the promotion of tourism and it also brings foreign exchange. +Therefore, efficient means of transport is a pre-req uisite for or local, national and +global trade as well as for rapid development.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +1. Name the soil, which has adequate proportion of p otash, phosphoric acid and lime. +(1) +a. black soil +b. sandy soil +c. red soil +d. Alluvial soil +2. Iron–ore is an example of which kind of resource? (1) +a. biotic +b. breakable +c. renewable +d. non-renewable resource. +3. Why does Black soil become difficult to till in rainy season? (1) +a. more water will be there +b. becomes very hard. +c. becomes sticky when wet +d. water evaporates fast +4. The word 'Laterite' has been derived from the la tin word ‘later’ which means_____. (1) +i. erosion +ii. Bricks +iii. stones +iv. fertile +5. Choose the correct example from the following fo r Biotic Resource: (1) +a. human beings +b. iron ore +c. book +d. table +6. Which type of soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern Coast? (1)7. Which type of soil is found in the piedmont zone of Western Ghats? (1)CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +b. iron ore +c. book +d. table +6. Which type of soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern Coast? (1)7. Which type of soil is found in the piedmont zone of Western Ghats? (1) +8. Where in India badland topography is commonly fo und? (1) +9. What do you understand by reserve resources? (1) +10. Give three main features of the soil found in t he river deltas of the Indian coast. (1) +11. Compare the diagrams given below and find out t he land use category which had the +highest increase during the period 1960-61 to 2008- 09 and the category which had the +highest decrease during the period. Give one major reason for each. +Source Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry o f Agriculture, 2008-09. (3) +12. What is sustainable economic development? Sugges t any two ways in which resources +can be used judiciously. (3) +13. Explain the two types of water erosion. (3) +14. What are 'resources'? Distinguish between renewa ble and non-renewable +resources. (5)CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +can be used judiciously. (3) +13. Explain the two types of water erosion. (3) +14. What are 'resources'? Distinguish between renewa ble and non-renewable +resources. (5) +15. Why is soil considered as a resource? Explain wi th five arguments. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 09 Resources and Development +Answers +1. d. Alluvial soil +Explanation: The chemical composition of the alluvial soils make s this group +of soils as one of the most fertile in the world. T he proportion of nitrogen is +generally low, but potash, phosphoric acid and alkali es are adequate, while iron +oxide and lime vary within a wide range. The porosi ty and texture provide good +drainage and other conditions favourable for bumper crops like sugarcane, +paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops. +2. d. non-renewable resource. +Explanation: Non-Renewable Resources: It is a natural resource t hat is used +up faster than it can be made by nature. It cannot be produced, grown orCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +2. d. non-renewable resource. +Explanation: Non-Renewable Resources: It is a natural resource t hat is used +up faster than it can be made by nature. It cannot be produced, grown or +generated on a scale which can sustain how quickly it is being consumed. Once +it is used up, there is no more available for future needs. Also considered non- +renewable are resources that are consumed much fast er than nature can create +them. These resources take millions of years in the ir formation. Some of the +resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be +recycled and get exhausted with their use. +3. c. becomes sticky when wet +Explanation: This type of soil develop deep cracks during hot we ather, which +helps in the proper aeration of the soil. When wet, the soil becomes sticky and is +difficult to work with. So the soil needs to be til ted after the first rains. +4. b. Bricks +Explanation: The word laterite has been derived from the Latin w ord thatCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +difficult to work with. So the soil needs to be til ted after the first rains. +4. b. Bricks +Explanation: The word laterite has been derived from the Latin w ord that +means brick. The laterite soil is formed under cond itions of high temperature +and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry perio ds, which leads to leaching +of soil, leaving only oxides of iron and aluminum. +5. a. human beings +Explanation: Biotic Resources: These are obtained from biosphere and havelife such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries , livestock etc. Biotic +resources are obtained from the biosphere (living a nd organic material), such +as forests and animals, and the materials that can b e obtained from them. Fossil +fuels such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they +are formed from decayed organic matter. +6. Alluvial Soil is found in the river deltas of th e Eastern Coast. +7. Red and yellow soil are found in the piedmont zo ne/foothill of Western Ghats i.e.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +are formed from decayed organic matter. +6. Alluvial Soil is found in the river deltas of th e Eastern Coast. +7. Red and yellow soil are found in the piedmont zo ne/foothill of Western Ghats i.e. +Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. +8. Chambal basin is a major bad land region in Indi a. Chambal Badlands of central India +is one of the most extensive badlands in the world and are one of the four severely +dissected landscapes within the Middle Alluvial Gan ga Plains. +9. Reserves are those stocks of resources which can be put into use with the help of +existing technical ‘know-how’, but their use has not b een started. For example, river +water can be used for generating hydroelectric powe r but presently, it is being +utilised only to a limited extent. Thus, the water i n the dams, forests etc is a reserve +which can be used in the future. +10. The three main features of the soil found in th e river deltas of the Indian coast +(alluvial soil) are:CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +which can be used in the future. +10. The three main features of the soil found in th e river deltas of the Indian coast +(alluvial soil) are: +i. Alluvial soil is rich in minerals and nutrients -- highly fertile, and a good crop soil. +It often contains gravel, sand and silt. The chemica l content of the soil will depend +on where it is located. +ii. The topography of the land will influence what runs off into the river that +eventually forms the alluvial soil. It is also know n as transported soil, as the soil +has been transported by the rivers to its current l ocation. +iii. It can also be described on the basis of age. The older alluvial soil, further away +from the rivers, is known as Bangar, whereas the newe r soil near the rivers is +known as khadar. +11. The highest increase was in forest cover catego ry and the highest decrease was inCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +from the rivers, is known as Bangar, whereas the newe r soil near the rivers is +known as khadar. +11. The highest increase was in forest cover catego ry and the highest decrease was in +barren and unculturable wasteland category. It is discouraging to note that inspite of massive efforts made by the government to increase forest cover, the area +under other non-agricultural uses is still increasi ng. It is probably due to +deforestation, overgrazing and natural hazards etc t hat forest cover is still below the +outline which was set in the National Forest Policy (1952). The decline in barren and +waste land can essentially be attributed to the inc rease in area under non-agricultural +use due to massive urbanization and development of roads, railways and canals etc. +12. Sustainable economic development means developm ent should take place without +damaging the environment so that the developmental process in the present shouldCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +12. Sustainable economic development means developm ent should take place without +damaging the environment so that the developmental process in the present should +not compromise with the needs of future generations . Two ways in which resources +can be used judiciously are +i. Resource planning: Resource planning refers to the strategy for plann ed and +judicious utilisation of resources. Resource planni ng is essential to bring about +sustainable existence which is a part of sustainabl e development. +ii. Resource conservation: It is the ethical use and protection of valuable +resources such as trees, minerals, wildlife, water and others. It focuses on +maintaining the natural world in order to protect t he sources of resources. +13. The two types of water erosion are: +i. Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the +running water, it is called as sheet erosion. In suc h cases the top soil is washed +away.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +i. Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the +running water, it is called as sheet erosion. In suc h cases the top soil is washed +away. +ii. Gully Erosion : The running water cuts through the clayey soils a nd makes deep +channels as gullies. The land becomes unfit for cul tivation and is known as bad +land. In Chambal basin such lands are called ravine s. +14. Everything available in our environment which c an be used to satisfy our needs, +provided, it is technologically accessible, economica lly feasible and culturally +acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’. +Renewable and Non-renewable resources: +S. +No.Renewable Resources Non-Renewable Resources1.Resources whose quantity is not reduced +due to use and which can be repeatedly +used without fear of exhaustion are +termed as renewable resources, They +are inexhaustible resources.Substances whose stock get reduced +and are gradually exhausted with +use are termed as nonrenewable +resources.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +termed as renewable resources, They +are inexhaustible resources.Substances whose stock get reduced +and are gradually exhausted with +use are termed as nonrenewable +resources. +2.Renewable resources exist in nature in +infinite quantity,non-renewable resources are +present in limited quantity. +3.The renewable resources +regenerate/reproduce itself, faster than +it is used up by the living organisms.non-renewable resources either +take centuries to regenerate itself, +or they get extinct, so the scale at +which it is regenerated is lower +than that of its consumption. +4.Examples: Solar and wind energy, water, +forests, wildlife, etc.Examples; Fossil fuels like coal, +petroleum and minerals. +15. i. Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant +growth and supports different types of living organ isms on the earth. +ii. Soil is one of the world's most important natur al resources. Together with air andCHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +growth and supports different types of living organ isms on the earth. +ii. Soil is one of the world's most important natur al resources. Together with air and +water it is the basis for life on planet earth. It has many important functions which +are essential for life. +iii. Not only does it play the major part in allowi ng us to feed the world's population, +but it also plays a major role in the recycling of air, water, nutrients, and +maintaining a number of natural cycles, thereby ensu ring that there will be a +basis for life in generations to come. +iv. Soils provide a direct source of minerals and o ther resources. The most significant +raw materials are sand, gravel, stone, ore, coal and pe at. Sand, gravel, stone are +the raw materials of building, ore is the raw materi al of industry, coal and peat +are the raw materials of heating. Soils can cover o r be built up on many of these +raw materials.CHAPTER 11 -GEOGRAPHY-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +the raw materials of building, ore is the raw materi al of industry, coal and peat +are the raw materials of heating. Soils can cover o r be built up on many of these +raw materials. +v. Soil is the vital thing for animals, vegetations and all living creatures. Soil is +formed slowly, however, it can be easily demolished. For these reasons, we must +protect it well.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +1. Identify the machine with the help of following information : +i. This machine speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand. +ii. By turning one single wheel a worker could set in motion a number of spindles +and spin several threads at the same time. (1) +a. Mule +b. Flying Shuttle +c. Spinning Jenny +d. Persian Wheel +2. _____ was accumulated through various trade netw orks. (1) +a. Capital +b. Machines +c. Land +d. Labourers +3. Which medium tries to shape the minds of people and create new needs and makes +products appear desirable? (1) +a. Culture +b. Labels +c. Advertisements +d. Tradition +4. Give reason as to why in Victorian Britain, the u pper classes preferred things +produced by hand? (1) +a. Easily available +b. Better Finished +c. Cheaper +d. Fine material5. Identify the city: +i. This city is on the coast +ii. This city connected India to the Gulf and Red S ea Ports. (1) +a. MadrasCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +b. Better Finished +c. Cheaper +d. Fine material5. Identify the city: +i. This city is on the coast +ii. This city connected India to the Gulf and Red S ea Ports. (1) +a. Madras +b. Surat +c. Calicut +d. Mumbai +6. Name the areas that demanded seasonal labour in England. (1) +7. What were trade guilds? (1) +8. How did the Indian weavers and merchants resist colonial control? (1) +9. Who was Henry Patullo? What did he say about the Indian textiles? (1) +10. Trace the development of cotton and textile ind ustries in India. (3) +11. Do you think that technological changes occurred sl owly? (3) +12. Name the sea routes that connected India with A sian countries. (3) +13. Who were Gomasthas? How did they help the East I ndia Company to assert a +monopoly of right to trade? Explain. (3) +14. Why were hand made products preferred in Victor ian Britain? Explain any five +reasons. (5)CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +monopoly of right to trade? Explain. (3) +14. Why were hand made products preferred in Victor ian Britain? Explain any five +reasons. (5) +15. List the various problems faced by the Indian w eavers in the 19th century. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 5 The Age of Industrialization +Answer +1. c. Spinning Jenny +Explanation: Spinning Jenny – Devised by James Hargreaves in 176 4, this +machine speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand. By +turning one single wheel a worker could set in moti on a number of spindles and +spin several threads at the same time. +2. a. Capital +Explanation: Capital was accumulated through other trade networ ks. Some +merchants from Madras traded with Burma while other s had links with the +Middle East and East Africa. +3. c. Advertisements +Explanation: One way in which new consumers are created is thro ugh +advertisements. Advertisements make products appear desirable andCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Middle East and East Africa. +3. c. Advertisements +Explanation: One way in which new consumers are created is thro ugh +advertisements. Advertisements make products appear desirable and +necessary. They try to shape the minds of people an d create new needs. They +appear in newspapers, magazines, hoardings, street wal ls, television screens. +4. b. Better Finished +Explanation: In Victorian Britain, the upper classes - the arist ocrats and the +bourgeoisie - preferred things produced by hand. Ha ndmade products came to +symbolise refinement and class. They were better fi nished, individually +produced, and carefully designed. +5. b. Surat +Explanation: Surat on Gujarat coast connected India to the Gulf & Red sea +ports; +6. In many industries the demand for labour was sea sonal. Gasworks and breweries +were especially busy through the cold months. Bookb inders and printers, catering to +Christmas demand, too needed extra hands before Dece mber.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +were especially busy through the cold months. Bookb inders and printers, catering to +Christmas demand, too needed extra hands before Dece mber. +7. Trade guilds were producers' association that tr ained craft people, maintained controlover production, restricted the entry of new people into the trade and regulated +prices and competition. +8. In many places in Carnatic and Bengal, weavers de serted villages and migrated, +setting up looms in other villages where they had s ome family relation. Elsewhere, +weavers along with the village traders revolted, opp osing the Company and its +officials. Over time many weavers began refusing lo ans, closing down their +workshops and taking to agricultural labour. +9. Henry Patullo was an East India Company official . In 1772, Henry Patullo had +ventured to say that the demand for Indian textiles could never reduce since no other +nation produced goods of the same quality.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +ventured to say that the demand for Indian textiles could never reduce since no other +nation produced goods of the same quality. +10. The development of cotton and textile industrie s marked the beginning of new era. +The production of cotton boomed in the late ninetee nth century. +a. The first cotton mill came up in Bombay in 1854. +b. By 1862, four mills were with 94,000 spindles and 2,150 looms. +c. The first cotton mill of Ahmedabad came up in 18 60s. +d. By the 1874, the first spinning and weaving mill of Madras began its production. +11. i. They did not spread dramatically across the industrial landscape. +ii. New technology was expensive and merchants and industrialists were cautious +about using it. +iii. The machines often broke down and repair was c ostly. +iv. They were not as effective as their inventors a nd manufacturers claimed. So, these +technological changes occurred slowly.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +iii. The machines often broke down and repair was c ostly. +iv. They were not as effective as their inventors a nd manufacturers claimed. So, these +technological changes occurred slowly. +12. A vibrant sea trade operated through the main p re-colonial ports. The sea routes that +connected India with Asian countries are mentioned below: +a. On the Gujarat coast, Surat connected India with the Gulf and the Red Sea ports. +b. Masulipatnam on the Coromandel Coast and In Beng al, Hooghly had trade links +with the Southeast Asian ports. +13. The East India Company appointed a paid servant called the Gomastha to supervise +weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloths. Gomastha helped thecompany to establish their monopoly as: +i. Those weavers who took loans had to the hand ove r the cloths they produced to +the Gomastha. They could not take it to any other t rader. +ii. The new Gomasthas were outsiders. They acted ar rogantly, marched in to villagesCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +the Gomastha. They could not take it to any other t rader. +ii. The new Gomasthas were outsiders. They acted ar rogantly, marched in to villages +with sepoys and peons, and punished weavers for dela ys in supply. +14. Handmade products were prefered in Victorian Br itain due to various reasons: +a. Symbol of class : The upper classes of Victorian England, like the a ristocrats and +the bourgeoisie, preferred things produced by hand. Handmade products came to +symbolize refinement and class. +b. Better finished : The handmade products were better finished, indivi dually +produced, and carefully designed.They were better fi nished. +c. Individually produced : These products were individually produced. +d. Finely designed : These products were fine as they were carefully d esigned by the +hand weavers. Mills could not imitate specialised w eaves as Saris with intricate +boarders, the famous lungis and handkerchiefs of Mad ras.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +hand weavers. Mills could not imitate specialised w eaves as Saris with intricate +boarders, the famous lungis and handkerchiefs of Mad ras. +e. Trade in colonies : As the fine handmade products found way to Britai n, likewise +the machine made goods of Britain were for the expo rt to the colonies. This was +profitable for the British as it boosted their busi ness in the colonies. +15. The following problems were faced by Indian wea vers by the turn of the 19th century: +a. As the cotton industry developed in England, the industrial groups were worried +about exports from other countries. They pressurise d the government to introduce +import duties on textiles so that Manchester goods could sell in Britain without +any competition. +b. Because of the heavy import duty on Indian cotto n textile, the export market in +India collapsed. The local market was flooded with Manchester textile. Being +produced by machines, it was cheaper than Indian-mad e textile. Weavers couldCHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +India collapsed. The local market was flooded with Manchester textile. Being +produced by machines, it was cheaper than Indian-mad e textile. Weavers could +not compete with this situation. Weaving regions de clined and were desolated. +c. At the same time, the manufacturers persuaded the Company to sell their goods in +the colonies and Indian markets as well. By 1850 th e cotton piece goods +constituted 31 per cent of the value of Indian impo rts.d. The weavers faced twin problems-their export mar ket was crumbling and the +local market shrinking. The Indian markets were flo oded with Manchester textile, +it was machine-made and very cheap. +e. By 1860s, weavers faced another problem of shorta ge of raw cotton of good +quality. When the American Civil War broke out and cotton suppliers from the US +were cut. The cotton exports from India increased a nd went spiralling. +f. The weavers lost the bargaining power after taki ng advances from the Company.CHAPTER 4 -HISTORY-THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +were cut. The cotton exports from India increased a nd went spiralling. +f. The weavers lost the bargaining power after taki ng advances from the Company. +They had to sell their produce at a miserably low p rice. +g. Apart from that, factory production in India had started, Machine-made Indian +goods also flooded the market. Weavers, thus, could n ot survive in a situation +where there were problems all around.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 + Chapter - 18 Democracy and Diversity +1. When was the UN Conference against racism held? (1) +a. 2004 +b. 1989 +c. 1991 +d. 2001 +2. Which Association held Carlos and Smith guilty o f violating the Olympic spirit? (1) +a. The National Olympic Association +b. The Common Wealth Games Association +c. The International Olympic Association +d. The United Olympic Association +3. Social divisions and differences are based on wh ich one important factor? (1) +a. Migration +b. Adopting New Religion +c. Accident of Birth +d. Adopting New Profession +4. Read the given statement regarding the demand(s) of Dalit groups in the UN +Conference. +i. The inclusion of caste in the agenda +ii. To give them financial support +iii. To adopt the measures of Sustainable Developme nt +What was/were the demand(s) of Dalit groups in the UN Conference against racism? +Choose the correct option. (1) +a. i only +b. i and iic. iii only +d. i, ii and iiiCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +What was/were the demand(s) of Dalit groups in the UN Conference against racism? +Choose the correct option. (1) +a. i only +b. i and iic. iii only +d. i, ii and iii +5. How many % of Roman Catholics live in Northern I reland? (1) +a. 44 +b. 74 +c. 25 +d. 53 +6. What is a homogenous society? (1) +7. During which ceremony, Peter Norman, the Australia n athlete wore a human rights +badge on his shirt and why? (1) +8. Name the two athletes who raised the issue of Ci vil Rights in the Mexico Olympics +(1968). (1) +9. What does the term migration signify? (1) +10. "In a democracy, every expression of social divi sion in politics is not disastrous." +Establish the truth of the statement with the help of an example. (3) +11. Suggest the main significance of 'Civil Rights Movement in the USA'. (3) +12. What is the term Afro-American used for? (3) +13. “The outcome of politics of social divisions de pends on how people perceive their +identities”. Explain the statement. (3)CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +12. What is the term Afro-American used for? (3) +13. “The outcome of politics of social divisions de pends on how people perceive their +identities”. Explain the statement. (3) +14. How do social division affect politics? Give two examples. (5) +15. When do social divisions take place in society? Explain with suitable examples. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 18 Democracy and Diversity +Answers +1. d. 2001 +Explanation: Some Dalit groups decided to participate in the UN Conference +against racism in Durban in 2001, demanding the incl usion of caste in the +agenda of this conference. +2. c. The International Olympic Association +Explanation: The International Olympic Association held Carlos and Smith +guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement. Their +medals were taken back. +3. c. Accident of Birth +Explanation: Social divisions or differences are mostly based o n accident ofCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +medals were taken back. +3. c. Accident of Birth +Explanation: Social divisions or differences are mostly based o n accident of +birth. Normally we don’t choose to belong to our com munity. We belong to it +simply because we were born into it. +4. a. i only +Explanation: Some Dalit groups decided to participate in the UN Conference +against racism in Durban in 2001, demanding the incl usion of caste in the +agenda of this conference. +5. a. 44 +Explanation: The population of Northern Ireland is divided into two major +sects of Christianity: 53 per cent are Protestants, while 44 per cent are Roman +Catholics. +6. A society that has similar kinds of people, espec ially where there are no significant +ethnic differences. For example, Germany and Sweden were once highly homogenous +but now they are undergoing rapid change with the i nflux of people from other parts +of the world. +7. During the medal ceremony of 200m race in the Me xico Olympics in 1968, PeterCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +but now they are undergoing rapid change with the i nflux of people from other parts +of the world. +7. During the medal ceremony of 200m race in the Me xico Olympics in 1968, Peter +Norman, the Australian athlete wore a human rights b adge on his shirt. He did so toshow his support to the two American athletes again st racial discrimination in the US. +8. The two athletes who raised the issue of Civil R ights in the Mexico Olympics (1968) +were US athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos. +9. The movement of people from one region to anothe r region within a country or to +another country for the purpose of work or other ec onomic opportunities is termed as +Migration. Thus, the term migration signifies regula r and periodic movements of +population away from or back to their place of orig in. +10. i. In a democracy, political expression of socia l divisions is very natural and healthy. +ii. This allows various marginalised social groups to express their grievances and getCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +10. i. In a democracy, political expression of socia l divisions is very natural and healthy. +ii. This allows various marginalised social groups to express their grievances and get +the government to attend to these grievances. +iii. Every expression of social division in politic s does not lead to disasters because +wherever social divisions exist, they are reflected in politics. +iv. In many countries, there are parties that focus only on one community, e.g., +A.M.K, A1ADMK and BSP in India. +11. The "Civil Rights Movement" in the USA led by Marti n Luther King Junior, +aimed at abolishing legal racial discrimination aga inst African-American by +adopting a non-violent method of civil disobedience against racially +discriminatory laws and practices. +The Civil Rights Movement was the struggle by Afric an-Americans in the 1950s +and 1960s to achieve civil rights equal to those of Whites, including equal +opportunity in employment, housing and education, as well as the right to vote,CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +and 1960s to achieve civil rights equal to those of Whites, including equal +opportunity in employment, housing and education, as well as the right to vote, +the right of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be free of racial +discrimination. +This movement sought to restore to African-American s the right of citizenship +guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendmen ts. +12. The term "Afro American" represents the largely the descendants of the slave +people who were brought from Africa to work in New Land (America). +The descendants of Africans who were brought into A merica as slaves between +the 17th century and early 19th century and they settled the re and thus have +African ancestry. +As they are mostly blacks they were discriminated a long with black Americansafter the Independence of America. They became the sole cause of American +civil war. +13. A. Three factors are crucial in deciding the ou tcome of social divisions. First of all,CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +civil war. +13. A. Three factors are crucial in deciding the ou tcome of social divisions. First of all, +the outcome depends on how people perceive their id entities. +B. If people see their identities in singular and e xclusive terms, it becomes very +difficult to accommodate. +C. As long as people in Northern Ireland saw themse lves as only Catholic or +Protestant, their differences were difficult to reco ncile. +D. It is much easier if the people in our country s ee that their identities are multiple +and are complementary with the national identity. +E. A majority of Belgian now feel that they are as much Belgian as they are Dutch or +German-speaking.This helps them to stay together. +F. F. This is how most people in our country see th eir identity. They think of +themselves as Indian as well as belonging to a stat e or a language group or a social +or religious community. +14. Social divisions affect politics in both negati ve and positive ways: +Negative ways:CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +or religious community. +14. Social divisions affect politics in both negati ve and positive ways: +Negative ways: +i. In Northern Ireland, there has been a violent and bitter ethno-political conflict for +many years. Northern Ireland population was divided into Protestants (53%) and +Roman Catholics (44%). The Catholics were represent ed by Nationalist parties who +wanted to be unified with the Republic of Ireland. In contrast, Protestants were +represented by Unionists who wanted to remain with the U.K. Hundreds of +civilians, militants and security forces were killed in the fight between unionists +and nationalists. +ii. The disintegration of Yugoslavia into six indepe ndent countries due to ethnic and +religious differences is another example. +iii. Sometimes social differences take the form of an unacceptable level of injustice +and inequality. This may lead to the path of violen ce and defiance of state power. +Positive ways:CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +iii. Sometimes social differences take the form of an unacceptable level of injustice +and inequality. This may lead to the path of violen ce and defiance of state power. +Positive ways: +i. People who feel marginalised, deprived and discri minated have to fight against +the injustices. Such a fight often takes a democrat ic path voicing their demands in +a peaceful and constitutional manner and seeking a fair position through +elections.ii. Every expression of social division in politics does not lead to disasters because +wherever social divisions exist, they are reflected in politics. In many countries, +there are parties that focus only on one community, e.g., D.M.K., AIADMK and BSP +in India. +15. A social difference means the difference in a g roup of people due to their race, +religion, language or culture. It becomes a social d ivision when some social +differences are joined by another set of social dif ferences. +Social division takes place under the following cir cumstances:CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +differences are joined by another set of social dif ferences. +Social division takes place under the following cir cumstances: +i. Social division due to overlapping differences: Some social differences +overlap other differences e.g, the difference betwee n the Blacks and Whites in the +USA because the Blacks tend to be poor, homeless and discriminated. +In our country, Dalits tend to be poor and landless. They often face discrimination +and injustice. Situations of this kind produce soci al divisions when one kind of +social difference becomes more important than the o ther and people start feeling +that they belong to different communities. +ii. Social division due to cross-cutting differences: If social differences cross- +cut one another, it is difficult to pit one group of people to compete against the +other. It means that groups that share a common int erest on one issue are likely to +be on different sides on a different issue, leading to a social division. NorthernCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +other. It means that groups that share a common int erest on one issue are likely to +be on different sides on a different issue, leading to a social division. Northern +Ireland and the Netherlands are predominantly Chris tian countries but divided +between Catholics and Protestants. In Northern Irel and, there are overlapping +social differences. Class and religion overlap with each other. Catholic is more +likely to be poor. Overlapping social differences h ave created deep social divisions +and tensions and there have been several conflicts between Catholics and +Protestants in Northern Ireland. In Netherlands, cla ss and religion tend to cut +across each other, leading to cross-cutting social d ifferences. Catholics and +Protestants are about equally likely to be rich or poor. There are no conflicts in +Netherlands as cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate in a +society. +iii. Social division due to migration: Sometimes there is division or difference inCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Netherlands as cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate in a +society. +iii. Social division due to migration: Sometimes there is division or difference in +society due to migration and migrants. The countrie s such as Germany and +Sweden were once highly homogeneous. Even these cou ntries are undergoingrapid change with an influx of people from other pa rts of the world. Migrants +bring with them their own culture and tend to form a different social community. +In this sense, most countries of the world are multi -cultural and have multi- +dimensional social divisions. +iv. Social division of one kind or another exist in most countries: It does not +matter whether the country is small or big. For ins tance, India is a vast country +with many communities, at the same time, Belgium is a small country with many +communities.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 24 Development +1. Why do women work outside their home? (1) +a. They work outside in order to remain fit +b. Members of the household are willing to share ho usework +c. They have less work at home so they want to work outside +d. Since country is developing therefore women want to work outside +2. According to the World Bank, the criterion used t o classify countries with the income +of US$ 12236 per annum and above in 2016 is conside red as (1) +a. Average countries +b. Rich countries +c. Underdeveloped countries +d. Low income countries +3. Freedom, security and respect are (1) +a. Unimportant things +b. Non-materialistic things +c. Materialistic thing +d. Monetary things +4. What is the age group for measuring the literate population? (1) +a. 8 and above +b. 10 and above +c. 7 and above +d. 6 and above +5. Environmental degradation means (1) +a. Production of natural resources +b. Replenishment of resourcesc. Increase in populationCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +a. 8 and above +b. 10 and above +c. 7 and above +d. 6 and above +5. Environmental degradation means (1) +a. Production of natural resources +b. Replenishment of resourcesc. Increase in population +d. Degradation of natural resources +6. What is denoted by the life expectancy at birth? (1) +7. Why do different people have different developme ntal goals? (1) +8. Mention one non-material benefit that increases welfare of population. (1) +9. What is the term used for the report published b y UNDP which compares countries +based on the Educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita +income? (1) +10. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a bette r human development ranking than +Maharashtra. Hence, the per capita income is not a u seful criterion at all and should +not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss . (3) +11. Besides size of per capita income, what other pr operty of income is important in +comparing two or more societies? (3)CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss . (3) +11. Besides size of per capita income, what other pr operty of income is important in +comparing two or more societies? (3) +12. Explain how the goals of different persons may sometimes be conflicting. (3) +13. How do we calculate the total income of a count ry and what is meant by per capita +income? (3) +14. Define per capita income. What are the limitati ons of the per capita income criterion +of development? (5) +15. Write a paragraph on your notion of what should India do or achieve to become a +developed country. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 24 Development +Answers +1. b. Members of the household are willing to share housework +Explanation: If there is respect for women there would be more s haring of +housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. Moreover they +learn to become independent and earn self respect i n the family as well as +outside. +2. b. Rich countriesCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. Moreover they +learn to become independent and earn self respect i n the family as well as +outside. +2. b. Rich countries +Explanation: Countries with annual per capita income of 12236 do llars and +above in 2016 are called rich countries. The rich c ountries, excluding countries +of Middle east and other small countries, are genera lly called the developed +countries. On the otherhand those with per capita i ncome of 1005 dollars or less +are called low income countries. +3. b. Non-materialistic things +Explanation: These things cannot be bought with money because mo ney can +bought materialistic goods only. +4. c. 7 and above +Explanation: Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate p opulation of +people in the seven and above age group. The litera cy rate in India is +comparatively low in comparison to other countries because of inadequate +provision of education facilities and lack of aware ness among the people aboutCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +comparatively low in comparison to other countries because of inadequate +provision of education facilities and lack of aware ness among the people about +the importance of education. +5. d. Degradation of natural resources +Explanation: Environmental degradation is the deterioration of t he +environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the +destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the e xtinction of wildlife; and +pollution. It is defined as any change or disturban ce to the environment +perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.6. Life expectancy at birth denotes average expecte d length of life of a person at the time +of birth. +7. Different people have different developmental go als because people have diverse +wishes, likes and dislikes, and aspirations. For some income may be the most +important goal whereas for some their job security and freedom may be more +important.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +wishes, likes and dislikes, and aspirations. For some income may be the most +important goal whereas for some their job security and freedom may be more +important. +8. Equal treatment for everyone irrespective of cas te, creed and religion is one non- +material benefit that will increase the welfare of the population. +9. The report published by UNDP comparing countries based on their education, per +capita income and health status is the Human Develo pment Report (HDR). +10. No, I do not agree that means income or per capi ta income should not be used to +compare states. Per Capita income tells us about th e average income of the people and +with a rise in the average income of the people, the ir standard of living rises. +However other factors like Infant Mortality Rate, Li teracy Rate and Net Attendance +Ratio are also very crucial for overall human devel opment. Keeping these factors in +mind along with per capita income, Kerala is better than Maharashtra as Kerala has aCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +Ratio are also very crucial for overall human devel opment. Keeping these factors in +mind along with per capita income, Kerala is better than Maharashtra as Kerala has a +better literacy rate, healthcare facilities etc. +11. Not only per capita income but also homogeneity or equitable distribution of income +should be considered while comparing two or more co untries. If a country has a +higher per capita income but much of its income is with small groups, then it does not +reflect the development of the society as there is a wide gap between the income of +the poor and the rich. +Similarly, when a country's per capita income is low , but inequality of income +distribution is quite less and almost all people of the country contribute to the income, +it reflects the inclusiveness and real development of that country. In economic terms, +the inequality index is called the Gini index. So, a long with per capita income, the GiniCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +it reflects the inclusiveness and real development of that country. In economic terms, +the inequality index is called the Gini index. So, a long with per capita income, the Gini +index is an important factor in comparing two or mo re countries. +12. It is possible that different people may seek t hings which are conflicting to each other. +For instance, in a factory, workers seek higher wages . However, factory owners seek +more profit and want to extract more work from work ers at lower wages. Hence, bothparties seek conflicting goals. +13. The total income of a country is the sum total of incomes of all the residents of that +country. This gives us the total or national income of the country, it also includes +income from foreign factors. +The average income called per capita income is calc ulated as the total income of the +country that is national income, divided by its tota l population. +14. Per capita income is income per citizen. When t he national income is divided with theCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +country that is national income, divided by its tota l population. +14. Per capita income is income per citizen. When t he national income is divided with the +total population of the country, we get per capita i ncome or the average income. +But there are certain limitations of this per capit a income criterion of development. +They are: +i. Per capita income criterion takes into account o nly the economic aspect of life and +ignores the social aspect of life. +ii. This criterion ignores education, health, life ex pectancy, sanitation etc. +iii. It also ignores non-material factors like peac e, pollution free environment, +democracy etc. +iv. Punjab has higher per capita income as compared to Kerala but it has been ranked +lower on Human Development Index because it is far behind Kerala in the literacy +rate and has higher infant mortality rate than Kera la. +15. As per 2012 data, developed countries have per c apita income of more than US dollarsCHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +rate and has higher infant mortality rate than Kera la. +15. As per 2012 data, developed countries have per c apita income of more than US dollars +12,616. But as compared to that, India's per capita i ncome is only US dollars 1539. +India should keep its focus on inclusive growth. So me necessary steps which should +be taken are as follows: +i. Modernisation of agriculture is necessary. +ii. Industry sector should be encouraged. +iii. Export-oriented industries should be increased . +iv. Service sector should create more employment. +Again, only per capita income is not a satisfactory factor to become a developed +country. Better quality of life should be ensured. Some aspects which need +improvement are as follows:i. Improvement in health care sector i.e, primary he alth, etc. +ii. Improvement in education sector i.e. 100% liter acy rate should be achieved. +iii. Steps should be taken to reduce Infant Mortali ty Rate.CHAPTER 18 -ECONOMICS - DEVELOPMENT - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +ii. Improvement in education sector i.e. 100% liter acy rate should be achieved. +iii. Steps should be taken to reduce Infant Mortali ty Rate. +iv. Adequate measures should be taken so that there is an increase in the net +attendance ratio. +Improvement in per capita income along with ensurin g that high quality of life can +only put India in the list of developed countries.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 26 Money and Credit +1. Deposits in bank accounts withdrawn on demand ar e called: (1) +a. current deposits +b. demand deposits +c. recurring deposits +d. fixed deposits +2. Since money acts as an intermediate in the excha nge process, it is called: (1) +a. Barter System +b. medium of exchange +c. value for money +d. exchange value +3. Which of these is not an informal sector of cred it? (1) +a. Money lenders +b. Employer +c. Banks +d. Cash traders +4. What is the name of the success story that met t he credit needs of the poor, at +reasonable rates, in Bangladesh? (1) +a. Grameen Bank +b. Reserve Bank +c. Schedule Bank +d. Cooperative Bank +5. What is the full form of NABARD? (1) +a. National Bank for Ahmedabad rural development +b. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Developm entc. National Bank for Asian Roads Development +d. National Bank for Asian and Rural Development +6. How many members a typical Self Help Group shoul d have? (1)CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +d. National Bank for Asian and Rural Development +6. How many members a typical Self Help Group shoul d have? (1) +7. At what interest rate Shyamal borrow money from the village moneylender? (1) +8. Which agency has the sole right to print currenc y notes on behalf of Government of +India? (1) +9. Recognize the situation when both the parties in a barter economy have to agree to +sell and buy each other's commodities? What is it ca lled? (1) +10. Why do you think that the share of formal secto r credit is higher for the richer +households compared to the poorer households? (3) +11. Dhananjay is a government employee and belongs to a rich household, whereas Raju +is a construction worker and comes from a poor rura l household. Both are in need +and wish to take loan. Create a list of arguments e xplaining who between the two +would successfully be able to arrange money from a formal source. Why? (3)CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +and wish to take loan. Create a list of arguments e xplaining who between the two +would successfully be able to arrange money from a formal source. Why? (3) +12. How far it is correct to say that the modern cu rrency is without any use of its own as a +commodity? Give reasons to support your answer? (3) +13. “Money plays very important role in our everyda y life” Explain. (3) +14. Define Credit. Give examples of formal and info rmal sources of credit in India. State +the advantages of formal sources of credit. (5) +15. Why do you think that the formal sources of cre dit provide loans at reasonable +interest rates? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 26 Money and Credit +Answer +1. b. demand deposits +Explanation: People have the provision to withdraw the money as and when +they require. Since the deposits in the bank accoun ts can be withdrawn on +demand, these deposits are called demand deposits. A demand deposit consistsCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +they require. Since the deposits in the bank accoun ts can be withdrawn on +demand, these deposits are called demand deposits. A demand deposit consists +of funds held in an account from which deposited fu nds can be withdrawn at +any time from the depository institution, such as a checking or savings account, +accessible by a teller, ATM or online banking. +2. b. medium of exchange +Explanation: A medium of exchange is something that buyers will exchange +with a seller when they want to purchase goods or s ervices from the seller. +While many things could be used as a medium of exch ange in an economy, +money is the most common and useful medium of excha nge in our society. +3. c. Banks +Explanation: Banks is a formal sector of credit and these are su pervised by +Reserve Bank of India(RBI). The other three are the informal sources of credit. +4. a. Grameen Bank +Explanation: Grameen Bank of Bangladesh is one of the biggest su ccessCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +Reserve Bank of India(RBI). The other three are the informal sources of credit. +4. a. Grameen Bank +Explanation: Grameen Bank of Bangladesh is one of the biggest su ccess +stories in reaching the poor to meet their credit n eeds at reasonable +rates.Started in the 1970s as a small project, +Grameen Bank now has over 6 million borrowers in ab out 40,000 villages +spread across Bangladesh. Almost all of the borrowe rs are women and belong +to poorest sections of the society. These borrowers have proved that not only +are poor women reliable borrowers,but that they can start and run a variety of +small income-generating activities successfully. +5. b. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Devel opment +Explanation: NABARD stands for National Bank for Agriculture and Rural +Development and came into existence on 12th July 19 82 by transferring theagricultural credit functions of RBI. It is headqua rtered at Mumbai with +regional offices all over India. +6. 15-20 membersCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +Development and came into existence on 12th July 19 82 by transferring theagricultural credit functions of RBI. It is headqua rtered at Mumbai with +regional offices all over India. +6. 15-20 members +7. Shyamal borrow money from the village moneylende r at the interest rate of 5% per +month or 60% per annum. +8. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has the sole right t o print currency notes on behalf of +Government of India. +9. This is known as double coincidence of wants. Th e double coincidence of wants +means that both the parties have to agree to sell a nd buy each other's commodity i.e. +what a person desires to sell is exactly what the o ther person wishes to buy. +10. The share of the formal sector credit is higher for the richer households due to the +reasons mentioned below: +Formal sector credit requires proper documents and collateral as security +against loans. But poor people lack in providing su ch things which affect theirCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +reasons mentioned below: +Formal sector credit requires proper documents and collateral as security +against loans. But poor people lack in providing su ch things which affect their +capacity to get loans from the formal sector. The r icher households are in a +better position to provide collateral and other nec essary documents which are +required by the banks and cooperatives. Hence, absen ce of collateral is one of +the major reasons which prevents the poor from gett ing banks loans. +Richer households have means to exert pressure on b anks and cooperatives to +sanction loans. These households have greater capac ity to repay the loans +compared to the poor households. +11. As per the given case, since among the two, Dhana njay is a government employee and +also belongs to a rich household he will be able to get a loan from a formal source. +Raju is a construction worker and comes from a poor rural household. The poorCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +also belongs to a rich household he will be able to get a loan from a formal source. +Raju is a construction worker and comes from a poor rural household. The poor +households are still dependent on informal sources of credit. The following +arguments on this are as follow: +i. Banks are not present everywhere in rural India. +ii. Even when they are present, getting a loan from a bank is much more difficult +than taking a loan from informal sources. +iii. Bank loans require proper documents and collat eral. Absence of collateral is one +of the major reasons which prevents the poor from g etting bank loans. +iv. Informal lenders like moneylenders, know the bor rower personally and hence,are often willing to give a loan without a collater al. +12. i. Modern forms of money include currency-paper notes and coins. +ii. Unlike the things that were used as money earli er, modern currency is not made +of precious metals such as gold, silver and copper. And unlike grain and cattle,CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +ii. Unlike the things that were used as money earli er, modern currency is not made +of precious metals such as gold, silver and copper. And unlike grain and cattle, +they are not utilise as everyday things. +iii. The modern currency is merely a paper currency and it is accepted a medium of +exchange because it is authorized by the government of the country. So the +modern currency is without any use of its own. +13. The use of money plays a very important role in our everyday life. No transaction is +possible without the use of money. Goods are bought and sold with the use of money. +The objective of each and every person is to earn m oney to fulfill their daily needs. If +we want to purchase any thing whether it is small o r large we need money. +14. Credit is an agreement in which the lender supp lies the borrowers with money, goods +and services in return for the promise of future pa yment. +Credit: +The main sources of credit in India.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +14. Credit is an agreement in which the lender supp lies the borrowers with money, goods +and services in return for the promise of future pa yment. +Credit: +The main sources of credit in India. +i. Formal sources of rural credit in India are: +i. Cooperative Societies. +ii. Commercial Banks. +ii. Informal sources of rural credit in India are: +i. Relatives and friends. +ii. Local moneylenders. +The advantages of formal sources of credit are as follows: +i. These are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India . +ii. The rates of interest for loans are comparative ly less. +iii. It provides loans at fixed rates and terms. +iv. It gives loans not just to profit-making busine sses and traders but also to small +cultivators, small-scale industries to small borrowe rs etc. +v. Cost of borrowing is less and hence promote borr owing and more economic +growth.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +cultivators, small-scale industries to small borrowe rs etc. +v. Cost of borrowing is less and hence promote borr owing and more economic +growth. +vi. There is no exploitation as in the case with th e informal sectors.15. i. Formal sources of credit work according to t he norms of Reserve Banks of India. +ii. The RBI monitors that the banks provide loans n ot just to the profit-making +businessmen and traders, but also to small cultivato rs, small scale industries, to +small borrowers etc. +iii. Rates of interest are fixed by RBI according t o the instructions given by central +government. Who works to facilitate to poor farmers and small businessman. +iv. The formal sources to provide loan at low inter est rate because people can +increase their income and help them in the overall development of the country. +v. Low interest rate helps the poor people to incre ase their economic condition.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +1. Besides Hindi, there are other languages recognis ed as Scheduled Languages by the +Indian Constitution. (1) +a. 26 +b. 29 +c. 22 +d. 21 +2. Choose the right statement as to when the major national parties had to enter into an +alliance with many parties including several region al parties to form a government at +the Centre? (1) +a. no party is allowed without having a coalition +b. when there no single party get a clear majority in the Rajya Sabha +c. when there no single party get a clear majority in the Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha +d. when there no single party get a clear majority in the Lok Sabha +3. The regional governments were given constitution al powers that were no longer +dependent on the central government, these change th at took place in _______. (1) +a. 1969 +b. 1954 +c. 1993 +d. 1985 +4. The exact balance of power between the central a nd the state government varies fromCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +a. 1969 +b. 1954 +c. 1993 +d. 1985 +4. The exact balance of power between the central a nd the state government varies from +one federation to another. This balance depends mai nly on the _______ context in +which the federation was formed. (1) +a. economical +b. political +c. historicald. social +5. _______ became the 29th State of India. (1) +a. Telangana +b. Haryana +c. Uttarakhand +d. Punjab +6. What are the two main basis on which new states of India have been created? (1) +7. Which Indian state has its own Constitution? (1) +8. What is Panchayati Raj? (1) +9. In which list do education, forest and marriages fall? (1) +10. Explain the role of union list, state list and c oncurrent list with context to India. (3) +11. In what ways has the local government deepened our democracy? (3) +12. How federalism leads to reservation of seats fo r different caste groups? (3) +13. Distinguish between Coming Together and Holding Together type of federations. (3)CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +12. How federalism leads to reservation of seats fo r different caste groups? (3) +13. Distinguish between Coming Together and Holding Together type of federations. (3) +14. Explain five changes towards decentralisation b rought in the Constitution after the +amendments made in 1992. (5) +15. Why does the exact balance of power between the Central and State Governments +vary from one federation to other federations? Expla in with example. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +Answer +1. d. 21 +Explanation: Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the +mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of Indians. Therefore, there were many +safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hind i, there are 21 other +languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. +2. d. when there no single party get a clear majori ty in the Lok Sabha +Explanation: The period after 1990, was the beginning of the era ofCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +2. d. when there no single party get a clear majori ty in the Lok Sabha +Explanation: The period after 1990, was the beginning of the era of +COALITION GOVERNMENTS at the Centre. Since no singl e party got a clear +majority in the Lok Sabha, the major national partie s had to enter into an +alliance with many parties including several region al parties to form a +government at the Centre. This led to a new culture of power sharing and +respect for the autonomy of State Governments. +3. c. 1993 +Explanation: The change that took place in 1993 was that the re gional +governments were given constitutional powers that w ere no longer dependent +on the central government. +4. c. historical +Explanation: The exact balance of power between the central and the state +government varies from one federation to another. T his balance depends +mainly on the historical context in which the feder ation was formed. +5. a. TelanganaCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +government varies from one federation to another. T his balance depends +mainly on the historical context in which the feder ation was formed. +5. a. Telangana +Explanation: Telangana became the 29th State of India on the 2n d June, 2014. +It was seperated from Andhra +6. The main basis on which new states have been cre ated are Language and regional +ethnicity. +7. Jammu and Kashmir state has its own Constitution . Many provisions of IndianConstitution are not applicable to this state. +8. Rural local government is popularly known as Pan chayati Raj. Each village or group +of villages in some states, has a gram panchayat. +9. Education, forest and marriages fall under Concur rent List. It includes subjects of +common interest to both the Union government as wel l as the state governments. +10. Union list includes those subjects which are of nat ional interest and on which a +uniform policy is needed in the whole country. The Union Government makesCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +10. Union list includes those subjects which are of nat ional interest and on which a +uniform policy is needed in the whole country. The Union Government makes +laws on these subjects. Example, defense, foreign aff airs, banking etc. +State list includes subjects of state and local imp ortance. Example, police, +trade, agriculture etc. State government alone can m ake laws in the subjects of +importance. +Concurrent list includes subjects of common interes t to the Union Government +and the State Government, Example: Education, forest, adoption etc +11. Local self-governance helped in deepening of de mocracy in the following ways: +a. The Constitution was amended to make the third-t ier of democracy more powerful +and effective. Hence, constitutional status for loca l government has helped to +deepen democracy in our country. +b. It has increased women’s representation and voice in our democracy. At least one- +third of all positions are reserved for women.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +deepen democracy in our country. +b. It has increased women’s representation and voice in our democracy. At least one- +third of all positions are reserved for women. +c. The new system of local government has widened t he scope of political +participation. +d. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these +institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tri bes and Other Backward +Classes. This has increased their participation in decision making. +All these features strengthen the very aspect of ou r democracy. +12. Federalism means sharing power among the centra l and non central authorities. it +seeks to give equal representation to all the const ituent units. +A. In the constituent units or in states, there is d iversity in the population with +respect to language, religion, caste and culture.B. To give equal opportunity and voice to various s ocial groups, there is reservation +for some categories like SCs, STs, OBCs and women in some areas.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +for some categories like SCs, STs, OBCs and women in some areas. +C. This reservation aims to give power to the socia lly weaker sections of the society +to give them an equal chance and representation in the political system. +13. The difference between Coming Together and Hold ing Together type of federations +are as follows: +Coming TogetherFederation Holding Together Federation +Coming Together Federalism +involves independent states +coming together on their own to +form a bigger unit.In Holding Together Federation, the large +power or country decides to divide its power +between its constituent states and national +government. +In this type of federation, units try +to increase their security by +pooling sovereignty and retaining +identity.In this type of federation, there is the absence +of pooling sovereignty and retaining identity. +In fact in this federation the central +government subordinates over the constituent +units. +All the constituent units usually +have equal power and are strongCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +In fact in this federation the central +government subordinates over the constituent +units. +All the constituent units usually +have equal power and are strong +vis-a-vis the federal government in +the Coming Together Federation.The central government tends to be more +powerful vis-a-vis the states in Holding +Together Federation. +Sometimes constituent units of the federation +have unequal powers. For example, in India, +Jammu and Kashmir have been granted special +status. +United States of America, +Switzerland, and Australia are +examples of Coming Together +Federations.India, Spain and Belgium are examples of +Holding Together Federations. +14. When power is taken from the central and state governments and is given to local +government, it is called decentralisation. The Const itution was amended in 1992 to +make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective. Several changes werebrought into decentralisation in 1992. +Provisions of the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 are :CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective. Several changes werebrought into decentralisation in 1992. +Provisions of the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 are : +a. Now it is mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies. +b. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these +institutions for SCs, STs and OBCs. +c. At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women. +d. An independent institution called State Election Commission has been created in +each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elect ions. +e. The state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local +government bodies. The nature of sharing varies fro m state to state. +15. The balance of power between the Central and th e State government varies from one +federation to another due to the nature of route ad opted by the country like: 'Coming +Together' Federations and 'Holding Together' Federa tion.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +federation to another due to the nature of route ad opted by the country like: 'Coming +Together' Federations and 'Holding Together' Federa tion. +i. Coming together Federation : In this type of federation independent units come +together on their own to form a union or federation . Their main aim is to form a +bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and reta ining their identity they can +increase their security. Federations of USA, Switzer land and Australia are its +examples. +ii. Holding Together Federations : Under this type of federation, the federal +government decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the +national government. In this, type of government the Central government tends to +be more powerful vis-a-vis states. Holding together sometimes gives unequal +power to constitute states. Some states are granted special powers. India, Spain +and Belgium federations are the examples of Holding Together Federations.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 26 Money and Credit +1. Major portion of the deposits is used by banks f or: (1) +a. extending loans +b. paying interest on loans +c. setting up new branches +d. paying taxes +2. Modern forms of money include: (1) +a. paper notes +b. silver coins +c. copper coins +d. gold coins +3. Repayment of the loan is dependent on the (1) +a. Chances of winning a gamble +b. Chances of winning a lottery +c. Chances of winning a bet +d. Income +4. What is the positive impact of credit? (1) +a. Increase in tax collection of government +b. Continuation of business +c. People fall in debt trap +d. Increase in profit of lenders +5. What is collateral? (1) +a. Assets owned by the government +b. An asset owned by the borrower +c. Loan given by the bankd. Asset owned by the lender +6. Name the organization that conducted All India D ebt and Investment Survey, 2003. +(1) +7. Why payments made in rupees cannot be refused in India? (1)CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +6. Name the organization that conducted All India D ebt and Investment Survey, 2003. +(1) +7. Why payments made in rupees cannot be refused in India? (1) +8. Give one special feature that distinguish formal sector from informal sector. (1) +9. Name the system in which double coincidence of w ants is essential feature. (1) +10. What is meant by Informal Sources of Credit? Men tion the drawbacks of this system. +(3) +11. "The credit activities of the informal sector s hould be discouraged." Support the +statement with arguments. (3) +12. "Whether credit would be useful or not, it depen ds on the situation''. Give two +different examples in support of this statement. (3) +13. 'Credit has its own unique role for development '. Justify the statements with +argument. (3) +14. How would you describe the organization and fun ctioning of Self Help Group? (5) +15. What is debt trap? Why is it more rampant in rur al areas? Give reasons. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +14. How would you describe the organization and fun ctioning of Self Help Group? (5) +15. What is debt trap? Why is it more rampant in rur al areas? Give reasons. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 26 Money and Credit +Answer +1. a. extending loans +Explanation: There is a huge demand for loans for various econo mic +activities. So, banks use the major portion of the d eposits to meet the loan +requirements of the people. +2. a. paper notes +Explanation: Unlike the things that were used as money earlier, modern +currency is not made of precious metal such as gold , silver and copper.Modern +forms of money include currency : paper notes and c oins. +3. d. Income +Explanation: Repayment of the loan is crucially dependent on th e success of +the business or venture for which the loan is taken and ultimately the income of +it. Therefore if more income is generated in lesser time, loan will also be +repayed in lesser period of time. +4. b. Continuation of businessCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +it. Therefore if more income is generated in lesser time, loan will also be +repayed in lesser period of time. +4. b. Continuation of business +Explanation: Credit helps the borrower in meeting the ongoing e xpenses of +production and complete production on time. The eco nomic needs of +agricultural, commercial and industrial sector of th e economy are adequately +met by the credit. +5. b. An asset owned by the borrower +Explanation: Collateral is an asset owned by the borrower such as land, +building, vehicle, livestock, deposit with the bank, et c. and uses this as the +guarantee to the lender untill the loan is paid. If the borrower fails to repay the +loan, the lender has the right to sell the asset or the collateral to obtain the +payment. +6. NSSO conducted All India Debt and Investment Sur vey, 2003conducted All India Debt +and Investment Survey, 2003.7. Rupees as in Indian currency is issued by the Re serve Bank of India. The law hasCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +and Investment Survey, 2003.7. Rupees as in Indian currency is issued by the Re serve Bank of India. The law has +legalized the use of rupee as a medium of exchange that cannot be refused by anyone +as a form of payment. +8. RBI supervises the functioning of the formal sou rces of credit while no any +organisation is there to supervise the lending acti vities in informal sources of credit. +9. In Barter system double coincidence of want is a n essential feature. +10. A. Informal source of credit includes the credi t from money lenders, friends, traders, +employers and relatives. There are no rules and reg ulations of government are +applied on these institutions. +B. These institutions charge very high interest rat es or debtor has to surrender their +asset to pay the debt back. +C. There is no govt organization to supervise the f unctioning of these sources of +credit. +D. The sources of credit some time use unfair means to get their money back.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +asset to pay the debt back. +C. There is no govt organization to supervise the f unctioning of these sources of +credit. +D. The sources of credit some time use unfair means to get their money back. +11. The credit activities of the informal sector sh ould be discouraged because: +i. 85% of loans taken by the poor households in the urban areas are from informal +sources. +ii. There is no organization which supervises the c redit activities of lenders in the +informal sector. They can lend at whatever interest rate they want and there is no +one to stop them from using unfair means to get the ir money back. Hence, +informal lenders charge very high interest on their loans. +iii. There are no boundaries and restrictions. +iv. Higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is +used to repay the loan. +v. The high cost of borrowing discourages many peop le who wish to start anCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +iv. Higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is +used to repay the loan. +v. The high cost of borrowing discourages many peop le who wish to start an +enterprise. It also significantly reduces the incom e of the borrower as much of the +earnings go into repayment of the loan. +vi. In certain cases, the high interest rate for bor rowing can mean that the amount to +be repaid is greater than the income of the borrowe r. +vii. This could lead to increasing debt and debt tr ap, therefore the credit activities ofthe informal sector should be discouraged. +12. Credit is a working capital which is required f or production. The credit helps the +farmers to meet the ongoing expenses of production, complete production on time, +and thereby increase his earnings. Credit, therefore , plays a vital and positive role in +this situation. +The examples are based on the risks in the situatio n and whether there is some +support in case of loss.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +this situation. +The examples are based on the risks in the situatio n and whether there is some +support in case of loss. +The examples are given below: +i. A manufacturer taking credit for supplying goods in the festival season usually has +low risk, as the products are most likely to be sold completely which will raise his +income. +ii. A small farmer taking credit for crops has larg er risks in case of crop failure. His +only support in case of loss is the land, which he h as to sell. So, this will make him +poor. +Thus, it can be concluded that use of credit depends on the situation. +13. A major part of deposits is used as credit. Cre dit is an agreement in which the lenders +supply the borrowers with money, goods and services in return for the promise of +future payment. +Credit has its own unique role for development beca use of the following reasons: +i. Credit helps to increase earning and therefore a person is better off than before.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +future payment. +Credit has its own unique role for development beca use of the following reasons: +i. Credit helps to increase earning and therefore a person is better off than before. +Cheap and affordable credit leads to higher incomes and many people could then +borrow cheaply for a variety of needs. +ii. Farmers can buy agricultural inputs with a cred it or set up the small scale and +cottage industries. +iii. Credit helps to earn money as well as the capi tal for the future. +iv. Credit helps in the development of infrastructu re of the society that leads to the +overall development. People could set-up new indust ries or trade as well. All these +activities lead to the development of the country. +14. A. Self Help Groups are the groups organized by the poor needy persons themselves, +especially women to fulfill their credit and loan n eeds. A typical Self Help Grouphas 15 to 20 members, who meet and save regularly.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +especially women to fulfill their credit and loan n eeds. A typical Self Help Grouphas 15 to 20 members, who meet and save regularly. +B. Saving per member varies from Rs 25 to 100 Rs.or more, depending on the ability +of the people to save. +C. Members can take small loans from the group itse lf to meet their needs. +D. The group charges interest on these loans but th is is still less than what the money +lenders charge. +E. After a year or two, if the group is regular in s aving, it becomes eligible for +availing loan from the bank. +F. Loan is sanctioned in the name of group and is m eant to create self-employment +opportunities for the members. +15. Debt Trap : Debt trap is a condition where the credit pushes the borrower into a +situation from which the recovery is very hard, it i s called debt trap. Here the +borrower fails to repay the borrowed money to the l ender and he has to sell his small +portion of land to repay the loan. It is rampant in rural areas because of the followingCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +borrower fails to repay the borrowed money to the l ender and he has to sell his small +portion of land to repay the loan. It is rampant in rural areas because of the following +reasons: +i. Rural areas small farmers give preference to the informal sources to take loan. +The interest rates of these sources are very high. +ii. Farmers take loan for crop production, equipment , fertilizers, If crop fails due to +any reason they become unable to pay back the loan. +iii. There is usually absence of any kind of suppor t to the farmers in case of crop +failure. +iv. The main source of their income is production o f crops. If it fails then they don’t +have any other source of income by which they can r epay their debts.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 22 Outcomes of Democracy +1. Economic development depends on what factor(s)? (1) +a. All of the given +b. Size of the population of the country +c. Economic priorities adopted by the country +d. Global scenario +2. Democracy improves the quality of _____. (1) +a. Education +b. Governance +c. Decision-making +d. Food +3. Our interest in and fascination for democracy of ten pushes us into taking a position +that democracy can address what kind of problems? (1) +a. Linguistic and ethnic +b. Socio-economic and political +c. Cultural and ethnic +d. Financial and political +4. Under ____ equality all individuals have equal w eight in electing representative. (1) +a. Economic +b. Communal +c. Social +d. Political +5. ______ has successfully negotiated differences a mong ethnic populations. (1) +a. Belgium +b. Francec. Srilanka +d. Nepal +6. How democracy can enhance dignity and freedom of an individual? (1)CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +a. Belgium +b. Francec. Srilanka +d. Nepal +6. How democracy can enhance dignity and freedom of an individual? (1) +7. What is regarded as a definite plus point of dem ocratic regimes? (1) +8. In which area does the democracy fail to achieve in contrary to other forms of +government? (1) +9. Which form of government is better-democratic or non-democratic? (1) +10. What are the two conditions to accommodate soci al diversities in a democracy? +Mention any one exception to this. (3) +11. Explain the condition under which dignity and f reedom of the citizens can be +promoted. (3) +12. How far is it correct to say that democracies h ave not been able to reduce +poverty? (3) +13. 'It may be reasonable to expect from a democrac y a government that is attentive to +the needs and demands of the people and is largely free of corruption/ Explain this +statement in three points. (3) +14. Why is democracy not considered simply a rule o f majority? (5)CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +the needs and demands of the people and is largely free of corruption/ Explain this +statement in three points. (3) +14. Why is democracy not considered simply a rule o f majority? (5) +15. On the basis of which values will it be a fair expectation that democracy should +produce a harmonious social life? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 22 Outcomes of Democracy +Answers +1. a. All of the given +Explanation: economic development depends on several factors: co untry’s +population size, global situation, cooperation from o ther countries, economic +priorities adopted by the country, etc +2. c. Decision-making +Explanation: Democracy improves the quality of decision-making +3. b. Socio-economic and political +Explanation: Our interest in and fascination for democracy often pushes us +into taking a position that democracy can address a ll socio-economic and +political problems. +4. d. PoliticalCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +Explanation: Our interest in and fascination for democracy often pushes us +into taking a position that democracy can address a ll socio-economic and +political problems. +4. d. Political +Explanation: Democracies are based on political equality. All in dividuals have +equal weight in electing representatives. +5. a. Belgium +Explanation: Democracies usually develop a procedure to conduct their +competition. This reduces the possibility of these tensions becoming explosive +or violent. +6. Democracy enhances dignity and freedom of an ind ividual by giving equal rights to +its citizens. +7. The plus point of democratic regimes is the abil ity to handle social differences, +divisions and conflict. +8. Democracy fails to achieve higher economic devel opment. +9. Democratic government is better as it is answera ble to the people. +10. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is a definite plus point ofCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +9. Democratic government is better as it is answera ble to the people. +10. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is a definite plus point of +democratic regimes. But democracy must fulfill two conditions in order to achieve +this outcome. +i. It is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply ruled by majority Themajority always needs to work with minority so that governments function to +represent the general view. Majority and minority o pinions are not permanent. +ii. It is also necessary that rule by the majority does not become rule by majority +community in terms of religion or race or linguisti c group. The exception is Sri +Lanka where majoritarianism is followed. +11. The passion for respect and freedom are the bas is of democracy. For societies which +have been built for long on the basis of subordinat ion and domination, it is not a +simple matter to recognise that all individuals are equal. +The conditions are as follows:CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +have been built for long on the basis of subordinat ion and domination, it is not a +simple matter to recognise that all individuals are equal. +The conditions are as follows: +i. To promote the dignity and freedom of the citize ns, all individuals should be +treated as equal. Once this principle is recognised , it becomes easier for +individuals to wage a struggle against what is not acceptable legally and morally. +ii. Claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated f or equal status and equal +opportunity should be strengthened. Inequalities an d atrocities lack moral and +legal foundations. +12. The ability of democracy to achieve higher deve lopments worries us. Democracies do +not appear to be very successful in reducing econom ic inequalities. Although the +majority of voters constitute the poverty-ridden gr oup, yet democratically elected +government do not appear to be as keen to address t he question of poverty as weCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +majority of voters constitute the poverty-ridden gr oup, yet democratically elected +government do not appear to be as keen to address t he question of poverty as we +would expect them to. The situation is much worse i n some other countries. People in +several poor countries are now dependent on rich co untries even for food. +13. Democracy is a form of government in which peop le elect their representatives. So it +is very natural for the citizens to expect their re presentatives to be free from +corruption. +Corruption of government: +i. Democracies often frustrate the needs of people and often ignore the demands of +the majority. +ii. The routine tales of corruption are enough to c onvince us that democracy is not +free from this evil. +iii. But a democratic government is people's own go vernment and pays heed to their +demands. +iv. People have believed that democracy will be att entive and make policies that willCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +iii. But a democratic government is people's own go vernment and pays heed to their +demands. +iv. People have believed that democracy will be att entive and make policies that will +free the country from corruption.14. Democracy is not considered simply a rule of th e majority due to the following +reasons: +i. In an ideal democratic set-up, the majority alway s needs to work together with the +minority, so that governments represent the general view of all the citizens on an +equal footing. +ii. Majority and minority opinions are not deemed t o be permanent. +iii. The rule by the majority does not necessarily become the rule by the majority +community in terms of race, religion, linguistic grou ps, etc. +iv. Rule by majority means that different persons a nd groups may and can form a +majority. in case of every decision and election. +v. Democracy remains the ideal democracy only when every citizen of a country has +a chance of being the majority at some point in tim e.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +majority. in case of every decision and election. +v. Democracy remains the ideal democracy only when every citizen of a country has +a chance of being the majority at some point in tim e. +vi. If someone is barred from being in majority on the basis of birth, i.e. on the basis +of caste and religion then the democratic rules are not applicable for that person +or group. +15. i. Democracies usually develop a procedure to c onduct their competitions. This +reduces the possibility of some tensions becoming e xplosive or violent. +ii. A democratic country looks into the needs and a spirations of every section of +society. It is also able to handle social conflicts , divisions and differences. +iii. The government of Belgium was able to negotiat e differences between two linguist +communities after framing policies which accommodat ed the major ethnic +communities in the country. +iv. Accommodating the demands of minority communiti es reduces the possibility ofCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +communities after framing policies which accommodat ed the major ethnic +communities in the country. +iv. Accommodating the demands of minority communiti es reduces the possibility of +problems becoming explosive or violent. In a democr atic government, the +majority should work in close cooperation with the minority. +v. No society can fully or permanently resolve conf licts among different groups. But +mechanisms can be evolved to negotiate the differen ces. +vi. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is a definite plus point +of a democracy. +vii. The rule of the majority community should not be taken in the religious or +linguistic sense alone. Thus, on the basis of social accommodation and respecting +each other's cultures and freedom - a major feature of democracy, it is a fair +expectation that a democratic country should produc e a harmonious social life.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper- 02 + Chapter - 17 Federalism +1. All the panchayat samitis or mandals in a distri ct together constitute the (1) +a. village cluster +b. Zilla Parishad +c. block +d. gram panchayat +2. At least ______ of seats of all positions are re served for women. (1) +a. half +b. one-third +c. one-fourth +d. two-third +3. Sources of ________for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its +financial autonomy. (1) +a. profit +b. corruption +c. expenditure +d. revenue +4. Tamil leaders want Sri Lanka to become a ______s ystem. (1) +a. central +b. federal +c. monarchical +d. unitary +5. It is the decision-making body for the entire vi llage: (1) +a. Mayor +b. State governmentc. gram panchayat +d. Zilla Parishad +6. Which language was recognised as the national la nguage by the Constitution of India? +(1) +7. What is Panchayat Samiti? (1) +8. What do you mean by 'holding together federation '? (1)CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +6. Which language was recognised as the national la nguage by the Constitution of India? +(1) +7. What is Panchayat Samiti? (1) +8. What do you mean by 'holding together federation '? (1) +9. Which of the forms of government has two or more levels of government? (1) +10. Discuss the centre-state relations in Indian fe deralism. (3) +11. When was State Reorganization Commission implem ented? (3) +12. What was the Amendment in regard to decentraliz ation? (3) +13. Explain the factors that make federal governmen t in India so attractive. (3) +14. Explain any five provisions of the Constitution al Amendment of 1992 that +strengthened the third tier of government in India. (5) +15. What major steps were taken in 1992 towards dec entralization? (5)CBSE Test Paper- 02 + Chapter - 17 Federalism +Answer +1. b. Zilla Parishad +Explanation: All the panchayat samitis or mandals in a district together +constitute the zilla (district) parishad. Most memb ers of the zilla parishad areCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Answer +1. b. Zilla Parishad +Explanation: All the panchayat samitis or mandals in a district together +constitute the zilla (district) parishad. Most memb ers of the zilla parishad are +elected. +2. b. one-third +Explanation: At least one-third of all positions are reserved f or women. +3. d. revenue +Explanation: Sources of revenue for each level of government ar e clearly +specified to ensure its financial autonomy. +4. b. federal +Explanation: Tamil leaders want Sri Lanka to become a federal s ystem. +5. c. gram panchayat +Explanation: Each village, or a group of villages in some States , has a gram +panchayat. This is a council consisting of several ward members, often called +panch, and a president or sarpanch. It is the decisi on-making body for the +entire village. +6. No language was recognised as the national langu age by the Constitution of India. +Hindi was identified as the official language. +7. A few Gram Panchayats are grouped together to fo rm a Panchayat Samiti. TheCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Hindi was identified as the official language. +7. A few Gram Panchayats are grouped together to fo rm a Panchayat Samiti. The +members of this representative body are elected by all the panchayat members in that +area. +8. Holding together federation is a federation wher e a large country decides to divide +the powers between the Central Government and the g overnments of the states, e.g. +India.The Central government tends to be more power ful than the states.9. A government which has two or more levels of gov ernment is called a federal +government. +10. The centre-state relations of Indian federalism constitute the core of federalism and +are regulated by the provisions of the Indian const itution. But in reality, it depends on +how ruling parties and leaders follow these provisi ons. +Earlier when a ruling party at state and centre was different, the Union Government +undermined the power of states. The Central Governm ent has been misusing theCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +Earlier when a ruling party at state and centre was different, the Union Government +undermined the power of states. The Central Governm ent has been misusing the +Constitution to dismiss the State governments that were controlled by rival parties. +This undermined the spirit of federalism. All this changed significantly after 1990. +After 1989 pattern has shifted to multi-party coali tion government at the centre. The +era of coalition has changed the relationship betwe en the center and state +governments since no single party got a clear major ity in the Lok Sabha, the major +national parties had to enter into an alliance with many parties including several +regional parties to form a government at the Center . This led to a new culture of +power-sharing and respect for the autonomy of State Governments. +11. The State Reorganization Commission was impleme nted on 1 November, 1956. +12. A. In 1992, 73rd Amendment Act of Indian constit ution gave constituent status to theCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +11. The State Reorganization Commission was impleme nted on 1 November, 1956. +12. A. In 1992, 73rd Amendment Act of Indian constit ution gave constituent status to the +Panchayati Raj institution. +B. It created the third tier of federalism in India along with the central government +level and the state government level. +C. The Objective of this Amendment was to make demo cracy more powerful and +effective by giving power to the grassroots units o f self government. +13. India is a vast country where many states are b igger than countries in Europe. Soon +after Independence, the constitution declared India as a union of states. The success +of Federalism in India is due to the following reas ons: +i. The formation of linguistic states has made the country more united and has also +made administration easier. +ii. Mobilisation. +iii. Flexibility in following the language policy.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +i. The formation of linguistic states has made the country more united and has also +made administration easier. +ii. Mobilisation. +iii. Flexibility in following the language policy. +iv. New culture of power sharing and respect for th e autonomy of state governments.v. Administrative knowledge of the people at all th e levels. +vi. Efficacy to solve all kinds of issues at respec tive levels. +14. When power is taken away from the Central and S tate Governments and given to +local government, it is called decentralisation. The need for decentralisation was +recognised in our Constitution. Panchayats in villa ges and municipalities in urban +areas were set up in all the states. But these were directly under the control of the +state government. Elections to these local governme nts were not held regularly. Local +governments did not have the power or resources of their own. The Constitution was +amended in 1992 to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +governments did not have the power or resources of their own. The Constitution was +amended in 1992 to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective. +Given below are some of the provision which was att empted towards this: +i. Now it is mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies. +ii. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and th e executive heads of these +institutions for SC, ST and OBC's. +iii. At least 1/3rd of all positions and seats are reserved for women. +iv. An independent institution called State Electio n Commission has been created in +each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elect ions. +v. The State Governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local +government bodies. The nature of sharing varies fro m state to state. +15. A major step towards decentralization was taken in 1992. The Constitution was +amended to make the third-tier of democracy more po werful and effective.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +15. A major step towards decentralization was taken in 1992. The Constitution was +amended to make the third-tier of democracy more po werful and effective. +A. It was constitutionally mandatory to hold regula r elections to local government +bodies. +B. States were reserved in the elected bodies and t he executive heads of these +institutions for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes. +C. At least one third of all positions were reserve d for women. +D. An independent institution called the State Elec tion Commission has been created +in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal el ections. +E. The state governments were required to share som e powers and revenue with +local government bodies. The nature of sharing vari ed State to state.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +1. What is the capital city of Belgium? (1) +a. Vienna +b. Brussels +c. Amsterdam +d. Antwerp +2. Telangana became the 29th State of India on the (1) +a. 26 Nov, 2010 +b. 2nd June, 2014 +c. 15 July, 2002 +d. 05 May, 1999 +3. The Constitution declared India as a ______ of S tates. (1) +a. Federation +b. Union +c. community +d. Departments +4. According to Indian constitution, the _______ has the power to legislate on the +‘residuary’ subjects. (1) +a. Local Government +b. Union Government +c. international Government +d. State Government +5. When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local +government, it is called: (1) +a. Conflict Resolutionb. mutual understanding +c. separation +d. decentralisation +6. By which name the rural local government is popu larly known? (1) +7. In which list of the Indian Constitution does ed ucation come? Why? (1)CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +c. separation +d. decentralisation +6. By which name the rural local government is popu larly known? (1) +7. In which list of the Indian Constitution does ed ucation come? Why? (1) +8. Which type of government has two or more levels? (1) +9. When was the report of the States Reorganisation Commission implemented? (1) +10. What is the meaning of decentralisation? Explain any four provisions that have been +made towards decentralisation in India after the Co nstitutional Amendment in 1992. +(3) +11. Examine the concept of three tiers of governmen t of Indian federalism. (3) +12. Do you take decentralisation as means to minimi se the conflicts? Give your view +point? (3) +13. Write down the features of 'holding together' f ederations. (3) +14. Explain any five features of Panchayati Raj sys tem in India. (5) +15. Discuss the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 re garding the decentralisation of +powers. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +Answer +1. b. BrusselsCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +15. Discuss the Constitutional Amendment of 1992 re garding the decentralisation of +powers. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +Answer +1. b. Brussels +Explanation: The capital city of Belgium is Brussels. +2. b. 2nd June, 2014 +Explanation: Telangana became the 29th State of India on the 2n d June, 2014. +It was separated from Andhra Pradesh +3. b. Union +Explanation: The Constitution declared India as a Union of Stat es. +4. b. Union Government +Explanation: According to our constitution, the Union Government has the +power to legislate on these ‘residuary’ subjects. +5. d. decentralisation +Explanation: When power is taken away from Central and State go vernments +and given to local government, it is called decentra lisation. The basic idea +behind decentralisation is that there are a large n umber of problems and issues +which are best settled at the local level. +6. The rural local government is popularly known as Panchayati Raj.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +behind decentralisation is that there are a large n umber of problems and issues +which are best settled at the local level. +6. The rural local government is popularly known as Panchayati Raj. +7. Subjects which fall under the jurisdiction of bo th the centre and state come under the +concurrent list. Education comes under concurrent l ist. +8. Federal Government has two or more levels. +9. The report of the States Reorganisation Commissi on was implemented in 1956. This, +in its own time and own way, has also transformed th e political and institutional life +of the nation. +10. When power is taken away from Central and State Governments and given to local +government, it is called decentralisation. A major s tep towards decentralisation wastaken after the amendment of Constitution in 1992. The Constitution was amended to +make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective. +The different provisions areCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective. +The different provisions are +i. It is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government +bodies. +ii. Seats are reserved in elected bodies and execut ive heads of these institutions for +the Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) a nd Other Backward Classes +(OBCs). +iii. At least one-third of all positions are reserv ed for women. +iv. An independent institution called the State Ele ction Commission (SEC) has been +created in each state to conduct Panchayat and Muni cipal election. +v. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local +government bodies. +vi. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, +namely the local self government. +11. The Constitution of India, since its inception h ad provided for a two-tier system of +government in the Indian Federal structure of admin istration. Federal governmentsCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +11. The Constitution of India, since its inception h ad provided for a two-tier system of +government in the Indian Federal structure of admin istration. Federal governments +have two or more tiers of governments. For a small country like Belgium, two tiers +are very much applicable. But a vast country like I ndia cannot be run only through +these two tiers. States in India are as large as in dependent countries of Europe, many +of these states are internally very diverse. Hence, federal power-sharing in India +needs another tier of government, below that of stat e government. This resulted in a +third-tier of government, called local government. A fter the Constitution (Seventy- +third) Amendment Act, 1992 and the Constitution (Sev enty-fourth) Amendment Act, +1993, the concept of local self-government, i.e. Panc hayati Raj and the Municipal +Bodies have evolved into the Indian Federal structu re of governance. Hence, the +three-tier system of government prevalent in India is:CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +Bodies have evolved into the Indian Federal structu re of governance. Hence, the +three-tier system of government prevalent in India is: +a. The Union Government; +b. The State Governments; +c. The Local Self-Governments (Panchayati Raj and M unicipal Bodies). +12. When power is taken away from the Central and s tate governments and given to local +government it is known as decentralisation.Yes, it helps in the settlement of a large number of problems and issues at the local +level. +i. It provides a platform for the direct participat ion of people in decision making +because people have a better knowledge about the pr oblems in their locality. +ii. In another way, decentralisation in the form of "Local Self Government' is the best +way to realise the principles of Democracy. +13. The features of 'holding together' federation a re: +i. In this form of federation a large country decid es to divide its power between the +constituent states and the national government.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +13. The features of 'holding together' federation a re: +i. In this form of federation a large country decid es to divide its power between the +constituent states and the national government. +ii. India, Spain and Belgium are examples of this ki nd of 'holding together' +federations. +iii. In this category the Central government tends to be more powerful vis-a-vis the +states. +iv. Very often different constituent units the fede ration have unequal powers. Some +units are granted special powers. +14. Rural local government is known as Panchayati R aj. The major features of Panchayati +Raj system in India are: +i. PRI is rural-based. +ii. Each village or a group of villages in some sta tes has Gram Panchayat. +iii. This is a council consisting of several ward m embers often called Panch and a +Sarpanch. +iv. He/She is directly elected by all the adult pop ulation living in the village. +v. It is the decision making body for the entire vi llage.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +Sarpanch. +iv. He/She is directly elected by all the adult pop ulation living in the village. +v. It is the decision making body for the entire vi llage. +vi. Panchayat works under the overall supervision o f the Gram Sabha, +vii. All the voters are its members and meet at lea st twice or thrice in a year to +approve the annual budget and to review the perform ance of the gram panchayat. +viii. Few gram panchayats form Panchayat Samiti or Block or Mandal. +15. A major step towards decentralization was taken in 1992. The Constitution was +amended to make the third tier of democracy more po werful and effective. +The provisions of the Constitutional Amendment are as follows:a. Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold reg ular elections to the local +government bodies. +b. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these +institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tri bes, and Backward Classes.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +government bodies. +b. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these +institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tri bes, and Backward Classes. +c. One third i.e., 33 percent seats to be reserved f or women. +d. To conduct the election for the local government bodies at the rural and urban +level, State Election Commission, an independent inst itution, has been constituted. +e. The state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local +government bodies.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +1. Communal politics is based on the idea that reli gion is the principal basis of: (1) +a. social community +b. politics +c. cultural community +d. economy +2. A person who believes in equal rights and opport unities for women and men is +known as: (1) +a. Secularist +b. Capitalist +c. Feminist +d. Socialist +3. When we speak of gender divisions, we usually ref er to: (1) +a. Absence of voting rights for women in democracie s +b. Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women +c. Biological difference between men and women +d. Unequal child sex ratio +4. Which of the following form communalism does not take in politics? (1) +a. A quest for political dominance of one’s own reli gious community +b. sharing the votes on religious basis +c. In everyday beliefs, like religious prejudices +d. Political mobilisation on religious linesCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +b. sharing the votes on religious basis +c. In everyday beliefs, like religious prejudices +d. Political mobilisation on religious lines +5. Shift from one occupation to another, usually whe n a new generation takes up +occupations other than those practiced by their anc estors is referred to as: (1) +a. generation mobilityb. ancestral mobility +c. shifting mobility +d. occupational mobility +6. According to Census 2011, what is literacy rate o f India? (1) +7. According to the census of India 2001, what is th e literacy rate in India? (1) +8. When is International Women’s day celebrated? (1) +9. What does the term patriarchy refer to? (1) +10. Suppose a politician seeks your vote on the rel igious ground. Why is his act +considered against the norms of democracy? Explain. (3) +11. What were Gandhiji views regarding religion and politics? (3) +12. Explain the social considerations of democracy. (3)CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +considered against the norms of democracy? Explain. (3) +11. What were Gandhiji views regarding religion and politics? (3) +12. Explain the social considerations of democracy. (3) +13. Is the association of political parties with so cial groups always bad? Give three valid +arguments in support of your answer. (3) +14. “The old notions of caste hierarchy are breakin g down in India”-Support the answer +statement with suitable examples. (5) +15. What form does communalism take in politics? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +Answer +1. a. social community +Explanation: The problem becomes more acute when religion is ex pressed in +politics in exclusive and partisan terms, when one r eligion and its followers are +pitted against another. Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is +the principal basis of social community. +2. c. Feminist +Explanation: A person who believes in equal rights and opportun ities forCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +the principal basis of social community. +2. c. Feminist +Explanation: A person who believes in equal rights and opportun ities for +women and men is known as Feminist. +3. b. Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women +Explanation: The gender division tends to be understood as natu ral and +unchangeable. However, it is not based on biology bu t on social expectations +and stereotypes. +4. b. sharing the votes on religious basis +Explanation: Communalism can take place: +i. In everyday beliefs, like religious prejudices. +ii. A quest for political dominance of one’s own rel igious community. +iii. Political mobilisation on religious lines +5. d. occupational mobility +Explanation: Occupational mobility: Shift from one occupation t o another, +usually when a new generation takes up occupations other than those practiced +by their ancestors +6. The national literacy rate, according to the 2011 census, was 74.04 percent. +7. 64.84%CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +usually when a new generation takes up occupations other than those practiced +by their ancestors +6. The national literacy rate, according to the 2011 census, was 74.04 percent. +7. 64.84% +8. It is celebrated on the 8th March every year.9. A system that values men more and gives them pow er over women is referred to as +patriarchy. The society based on this ideology is k nown as the Patriarchal Society. +10. In a democracy, the citizens enjoy basic fundame ntal rights. One of which is Freedom +of Religion. When a citizen has all the rights to p rofess any religion he likes, a +politician cannot seek votes on the grounds of reli gion. His act is against the spirit of +democracy as the said politician is not working as per the Constitution. +i. It also exploits the social difference. +ii. It may create social discard and may lead to so cial division. +iii. It is also a biased attitude and neglects the principle of equality. +iv. He is violating the basic principle of seculari sm.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +iii. It is also a biased attitude and neglects the principle of equality. +iv. He is violating the basic principle of seculari sm. +11. A. Gandhi Ji used to say that religion can neve r be separated from politics. +B. According to him, religion was not any particular religion like Hinduism or Islam +but moral values that form the basis of our religio n. +C. He believed that politics must be guided by ethi cs drawn from religion. +12. A. Social democracy means there should be equal ity and unity among the society. +B. Everyone should have equal access to the resourc es of the society. +C. There should not be any discrimination on the ba sis of caste, race, gender or +religion. +D. No religion or community is given any preference over others. +13. A. The association of political parties with so cial groups is not always bad. +B. Associations of political parties with a weaker section of society are healthy for +democracy.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +13. A. The association of political parties with so cial groups is not always bad. +B. Associations of political parties with a weaker section of society are healthy for +democracy. +C. Through political parties, weaker sections get to gether to voice their opinion and +get a chance for their betterment. +D. Some political parties grow out of social groups , example DMK, AIADMK. +14. A. As per the old caste hierarchy Brahmins, Ksha triyas, Vaishyas and Shudras formed +the ladder from top to bottom. Various socio-econom ic and political changes have +almost broken down this hierarchy. +B. The main occupations of the Brahmins were to per form various religious rites. +Now, one can see Brahmins in various other occupatio ns. They are running shops +and hotels. +C. Kshatriyas and Vaishyas are also working in many fields.D. Shudras, who were once untouchables, are now polit icians, Doctors, professors +and they now hold various respectable posts in gove rnment and private sectors.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +and they now hold various respectable posts in gove rnment and private sectors. +E. Urbanization and Education have brought a change in the mindset of modern +youths from all castes and they are living and work ing together. +15. Communalism means attempts to promote religious ideas between groups of people +who are identified as different communities. +Communalism can take various forms in politics: +i. The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. These +routinely involve religious prejudices, the stereoty pe of religious communities and +belief in the superiority of one's religion over ot her religions. This is so common +that we often fail to notice it, even when we believ e in it. +ii. A communal mind often leads to a quest for poli tical dominance of one's own +religious community. For those belonging to the maj ority community, this takes +the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belon ging to the minorityCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (6).txt +religious community. For those belonging to the maj ority community, this takes +the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belon ging to the minority +community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit. In +electoral politics, this often involves a special ap peal to the interests or emotions of +voters of one religion in preference to others. +iii. Political mobilisation on religious lines is a nother frequent form of communalism. +This involves the use of sacred symbols, religious l eaders, emotional appeal and +plain fear in order to bring the followers of one r eligion together in the political +arena. +iv. Sometimes, communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots +and massacre. India and Pakistan suffered some of t he worst communal riots at +the time of Partition. The post-Independence period has also seen large scale +communal violence. +v. communalism was and continues to be one of the m ajor challenges to democracy +in our country.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +1. The area over which someone has legal authority refers to: (1) +a. Official space +b. Jurisdiction +c. economic zone +d. legalisation +2. In a federation, both the levels of governments e njoy their power ______ of the other. +(1) +a. dependent +b. independent +c. opposite +d. domination +3. The phrase 'decentralisation of power' relates t o the: (1) +a. cooperative government +b. three-tier government +c. coalition government +d. opposition government +4. The Union and State governments have the power t o raise resources by ________ in +order to carry on the government. (1) +a. demanding money +b. threatening +c. levying taxes +d. selling goods +5. The Constitution originally provided for a _____ ___system of government. (1) +a. two-tierb. four-tier +c. one-tier +d. three-tier +6. Who is a Mayor? Name two cities which have a Muni cipal Corporation. (1) +7. What is true regarding sources of revenue in a f ederal system? (1)CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +c. one-tier +d. three-tier +6. Who is a Mayor? Name two cities which have a Muni cipal Corporation. (1) +7. What is true regarding sources of revenue in a f ederal system? (1) +8. How many countries have federal political system s, according to the source given by +Montreal and Kingston, Handbook of Federal Counries, 2002? (1) +9. In which year the use of English as an official language was stopped in India? (1) +10. How is the Federal government better than a Uni tary Government? Explain with the +example of Belgium and Sri Lanka. (3) +11. What was the new culture of power-sharing devel oped after 1990? (3) +12. Highlight three major distinctions between the federations of 'coming together' type +and 'holding together' type. (3) +13. What is decentralisation? Examine the significan ce of decentralisation. (3) +14. Assess the need for local government. (5) +15. Critically examine the concept of decentralizat ion in India. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 17 FederalismCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +14. Assess the need for local government. (5) +15. Critically examine the concept of decentralizat ion in India. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +Answer +1. b. Jurisdiction +Explanation: Jurisdiction: The area over which someone has lega l authority. +The area may be defined in terms of geographical bo undaries or in terms of +certain kinds of subjects. +2. b. independent +Explanation: Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the +government for the entire country that is usually r esponsible for a few subjects +of common national interest. The others are governm ents at the level of +provinces or states that look after much of the day -to-day administering of their +state. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the +other. +3. b. three-tier government +Explanation: There is a need for power sharing within these Sta tes. Federal +power sharing in India needs another tier of govern ment, below that of theCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +other. +3. b. three-tier government +Explanation: There is a need for power sharing within these Sta tes. Federal +power sharing in India needs another tier of govern ment, below that of the +State governments. This is the rationale for decent ralisation of power. Thus, it +resulted a third-tier of government, called local go vernment. +4. c. levying taxes +Explanation: The Union and State governments have the power to raise +resources by levying taxes in order to carry on the government and the +responsibilities assigned to each of them. +5. a. two-tier +Explanation: The Constitution originally provided for a two-tie r system of +government. The Cental and State Government +6. The Municipal Chairperson of a Municipal Corpora tion in big cities is called a Mayor. +Delhi and Mumbai are two such cities which have Mun icipal Corporations. +7. Sources of revenue for each level of government in a federal system are clearlyCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Delhi and Mumbai are two such cities which have Mun icipal Corporations. +7. Sources of revenue for each level of government in a federal system are clearly +specified in the Indian Constitution. This is done to ensure its financial autonomy in afederal system. +8. 25 countries. +9. In 1956 +10. If we study the main difference between the fed eral and the unitary governments, in +the present times the federal governments certainly score over the unitary +governments, especially when people of different rel igions, castes and cultures +resides in one and same country. +A. We have seen in power sharing how a unitary form of government has proved a +failure in Sri Lanka while a federal type of govern ment has proved a great success +in Belgium. +B. In Sri Lanka Unitary government failed to solve the dispute of different sections of +the society but in Belgium the federal government g ives equal respect to the +demands of different sections of the society.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +the society but in Belgium the federal government g ives equal respect to the +demands of different sections of the society. +C. In Belgium all types of people have been accommo dated while in Majoritarianism +has been thrust upon the people especially over the minority community in Sri +Lanka. +11. The new culture of power-sharing developed after 19 90. Many regional +political parties have emerged in many states of th e country. +The regional parties are playing a very vital role in forming the Union +government. +The era of the coalition has changed the relationsh ip between the centre and +state governments since no single party got a clear majority in the LokSabha, +the major national parties had to enter into an all iance with many parties +including several regional parties to form a govern ment at the Centre. +This led to a new culture of power sharing and resp ect for the autonomy of +State Governments.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +including several regional parties to form a govern ment at the Centre. +This led to a new culture of power sharing and resp ect for the autonomy of +State Governments. +12. The exact balance of power between the central and state governments varies from +federation to federation. This balance depends main ly on the historical context on +which the federation was formed. There are two kind s of routes through which +federations are formed. They are holding together f ederation and coming together +federation. +Holding Together Federation: +i. Large country decides to divide its power betwee n states and the centre.ii. Central government tends to be more powerful. +iii. Federating units have unequal power. +Coming Together Federation: +i. Independent states coming together on their own to form a bigger unit. +ii. All the states have equal power and are strong. +iii. By pooling sovereignty and retaining identity, they increase their security.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +ii. All the states have equal power and are strong. +iii. By pooling sovereignty and retaining identity, they increase their security. +13. "Decentralisation" can be simply defined as the shifting of powers. It can also be +defined as the transfer of powers from central and state governments to local +governments. It helps in the settlement of large pr oblems. Decentralisation is a major +step towards modifying the concept of democracy and federalism. It is very +significant for all practical aspects. +a. It helps in the settlement of a large number of problems and issues at the local +level. +b. It provides a platform for the direct participat ion of people in decision making. +Hence, inculcates a habit of democratic participatio n. +c. In another way decentralisation in the form of l ocal self-government is the best +way to realise principles of Democracy, i.e. democra cy at the grassroots level. +Thus, decentralisation is a rationale for the federa l concept.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +way to realise principles of Democracy, i.e. democra cy at the grassroots level. +Thus, decentralisation is a rationale for the federa l concept. +14. Need for local government: +i. India is a vast country. States in India are as large as a country in Europe. +ii. Many of these states are internally diverse. Th at's the reason power-sharing is +needed. +iii. There are a number of problems and issues that are best settled at the local level +because people have a better knowledge of the probl ems in their localities. +iv. The local people are aware of their needs and c an prioritize. +v. It helps to initiate the process of direct decis ionmaking. +vi. It helps to inculcate the habit of democratic p articipation. +vii. Local government is the best way to realize on e important principle of democracy, +namely local self-government.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +vi. It helps to inculcate the habit of democratic p articipation. +vii. Local government is the best way to realize on e important principle of democracy, +namely local self-government. +15. The need of decentralization is very much recog nized in the Indian constitution andvarious attempts have been made to decentralize pow er to village and towns. The +basic idea behind decentralisation is that there ar e a large number of problems and +issues which are best settled at the local level. P anchayats in villages and +municipalities in towns have been set up in all the states of the country. +i. But in practical, the concept of decentralization is not very much applied in all the +state. +ii. The local bodies are directly under the control of state government. +iii. The elections to these local bodies are not he ld regularly. +iv. Local governments do not have any powers or res ources of their own, like +agriculture and commerce.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 26 Money and Credit +1. Loan from banks and cooperatives is an example o f (1) +a. Informal sector loan +b. Private sector loan +c. Primary sector loan +d. Formal sector loan +2. Which of these is not included in informal credi t sector (1) +a. Relative of borrower +b. Village money lender +c. Cooperative Bank +d. Trader +3. What is demand deposit? (1) +a. The customer never demand for the deposit in ban k +b. The bank demands for the deposit +c. The bank doesn’t demand for deposit +d. Deposit in the bank account can be withdrawn on demand +4. Central Bank of India is (1) +a. Indian Bank +b. State Bank of India +c. Reserve Bank of India +d. Bank of India +5. Money has replaced ____________ as the medium of exchange. (1) +a. Gold currency +b. Barter +c. Banksd. Paper currency +6. In which year Professor Mohammad Yunus received t he Nobel Prize for Peace? (1) +7. Prove with an argument that there is a great nee d to expand formal sources of credit +in rural India. (1)CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +6. In which year Professor Mohammad Yunus received t he Nobel Prize for Peace? (1) +7. Prove with an argument that there is a great nee d to expand formal sources of credit +in rural India. (1) +8. Write a special feature of the Gupta coins. (1) +9. What is the main purpose for which farmers in ru ral areas take loan? (1) +10. Can you think of some examples of goods/service s being exchanged or wages being +paid through Barter system? (3) +11. Why do informal lenders give loans to people no t having any collateral? (3) +12. What motives are there to deposit money in the bank by depositors? (3) +13. Mention the reasons for which the informal sour ces of credit preferred in rural area? +(3) +14. Describe the role played by Grameen Bank of Ban gladesh in improvement of the +condition of poor particularly women. (5) +15. Compare and contrast the role of formal and inf ormal source of credit. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 26 Money and Credit +Answer +1. d. Formal sector loanCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +15. Compare and contrast the role of formal and inf ormal source of credit. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 26 Money and Credit +Answer +1. d. Formal sector loan +Explanation: The formal sector loans includes loans from banks a nd +cooperatives and Reserve Bank of India supervises t he functioning of formal +sources of loan. Formal sector loan requires collat eral and has a low rate of +interest as compared to informal sector loan. +2. c. Cooperative Bank +Explanation: A cooperative bank is a formal credit sector which provides loan +at cheap and reasonable rates and is properly gover ned by government bodies. +The other three are the informal sources of credit. +3. d. Deposit in the bank account can be withdrawn on demand +Explanation: A demand deposit consists of funds held in an accou nt from +which deposited funds can be withdrawn on demand in the form of cash as well +as in the form of cheque which instructs the bank t o pay a specific amount fromCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +which deposited funds can be withdrawn on demand in the form of cash as well +as in the form of cheque which instructs the bank t o pay a specific amount from +the persons account to the person in whose name the cheque has been issued. +4. c. Reserve Bank of India +Explanation: Reserve Bank of India issues currency on behalf of central +government of India and also oversees the working o f all the banks in India. It +was established in the year 1935. +5. b. Barter +Explanation: Earlier barter system was prevalent, where goods wer e +exchanged for goods. But now with the help of money goods can be purchased +with the help of money which makes the process of e xchange of good more +smoother. +6. In 2006 Mohammad Yunus received the Noble Prize f or peace. +7. The formal sector still meets only about half of the total credit needs of rural people. +The remaining credit needs are met from informal so urces. Most loans from informalCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +7. The formal sector still meets only about half of the total credit needs of rural people. +The remaining credit needs are met from informal so urces. Most loans from informal +lenders carry very high interest. The formal source s of credit for lending need toexpand their operations, particularly in rural areas so that the dependence, on +informal sources of credit reduces. +8. Gupta coins were not properly circular in shape and the picture of the king or a +person was shown on it. +9. The main purpose of the requirement of the loans by the farmers is crop production. +10. i. In rural areas generally, crops and food-grai ns are directly exchanged without the +use of money. +ii. In some government schemes, agricultural laboure rs are normally paid not in +cash but in kind, e.g. 5 kg. wheat or rice per day. +iii. Some hawkers sell trinkets and edible stuff in lieu of old bottles and plastic +containers. +iv. Bartering can also take place as an exchange fo r services. Services are salable actsCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iii. Some hawkers sell trinkets and edible stuff in lieu of old bottles and plastic +containers. +iv. Bartering can also take place as an exchange fo r services. Services are salable acts +such as performing mechanical work or providing leg al representation. If one +professional agrees to perform tax accounting for a nother professional in +exchange for cleaning services, this is a barter tra nsaction. +11. Informal lenders give loans to people not havin g any collateral because informal +lenders like moneylenders know the borrower persona lly and hence, are often willing +to give a loan without collateral. The borrowers ca n, if necessary, approach the +moneylender even without repaying their earlier loa n. However, the moneylenders +charge very high rates of interest, keep no records of the transactions and harass the +poor borrowers. They can use unfair or illegal mean s to get their money back. +12. A depositor may have many reasons to deposit hi s money with a bank. This can be:CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +poor borrowers. They can use unfair or illegal mean s to get their money back. +12. A depositor may have many reasons to deposit hi s money with a bank. This can be: +i. It is safe and benificiary to keep money in bank s. +ii. Depositor gets interest on it so their principa l amount can increase with the +interest added on it +iii. People also have provision to withdraw the mon ey from the banks according to +their need. +13. The rural area people are unable to provide col lateral. There is no need of paper work +which the rural poor people are not able to provide . In rural areas moneylenders, +traders and rich landlords have no objection to def aulters even if the previous loan is +unpaid. Poor people hesitate and are not confident about the functioning of the +banks. Banks are not accessible to the villages of poor people. The procedure bywhich moneylenders and rich landlords use to give l oan is very simple.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +banks. Banks are not accessible to the villages of poor people. The procedure bywhich moneylenders and rich landlords use to give l oan is very simple. +14. Grameen Bank of Bangladesh was started in the 1 970s. It has now over 6 million +borrowers in about 40,000 villages. Almost all the b orrowers are women and belong +to poorest sections of the society. These borrowers have proved that not only are poor +women reliable borrowers, but they can start and run a variety of small income +generating activities successfully. Thus, the Gramee n Bank has played a significant +role in the improvement of the condition of the poo r women in Bangladesh. Professor +Muhammad Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank and a rec ipient of 2006 'Nobel +Peace Prize' for peace has stated that, "if credit c an be made available to the poor +people on terms and conditions that are appropriate and reasonable these million of +small people with their millions of small pursuits and add up to create the biggestCHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +people on terms and conditions that are appropriate and reasonable these million of +small people with their millions of small pursuits and add up to create the biggest +development wonder.” +15. The comparison between the role of formal and i nformal source of credit is stated +below +Formal Sector Informal Sector +It consists of banks and cooperatives. Which +are supervised by the Reserve Bank of India.It consists of moneylenders, traders, +employers, landowners etc. Which +are not supervised by any +organisation. +Their main motive is social welfare. Their main moti ve is profit-making. +They generally charge lower rates of interest.They charge much higher rates of +interest., which means that the cost +of the loan is very high to the +borrower. +Usually, the loans require extensive +documentation and some property to be kept +as collateral or security against any default in +payment.Usually, the informal sources do not +require extensive documentation for +giving the loan.CHAPTER 20 -ECONOMICS - MONEY AND CREDIT- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +documentation and some property to be kept +as collateral or security against any default in +payment.Usually, the informal sources do not +require extensive documentation for +giving the loan. +RBI supervises the functioning of formal +sources of credit.There is no organisation which +supervises credit activities.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +1. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst co mmunal riots at the time of the: (1) +a. power sharing +b. partition +c. world war +d. merging +2. The focus on caste in politics can sometimes giv e an impression that : (1) +a. elections are all about caste and nothing else +b. government formed should be caste-based +c. caste can only support the leaders +d. caste system should not be encouraged +3. Communalism does not involve thinking along whic h of the following lines: (1) +a. It follows that people who follow different reli gions can belong to the same social +community +b. the fundamental interests of the community must be the same +c. Any difference that they may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life. +d. The followers of a particular religion must belo ng to one community. +4. Identify the country which DOES NOT has official state religion: (1) +a. Sri Lanka +b. England +c. PakistanCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +d. The followers of a particular religion must belo ng to one community. +4. Identify the country which DOES NOT has official state religion: (1) +a. Sri Lanka +b. England +c. Pakistan +d. India +5. A person who does not discriminate on the basis of religious beliefs: (1) +a. Socialist +b. Nationalistc. Humanist +d. Secularist +6. How much representation do local governments pro vide for women in India? (1) +7. At which level of the government, seats are reser ved for women? (1) +8. What is the percentage of women in Lok Sabha as recommended by women’s +Reservation Bill? (1) +9. What does the concept of majoritarian dominance refer to? (1) +10. Explain the impact of the caste system on India n democracy. (3) +11. Do you agree that caste alone cannot determine election results in India? (3) +12. Describe three advantages of the political expr ession of caste differences. (3) +13. "Gender division is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes."CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +12. Describe three advantages of the political expr ession of caste differences. (3) +13. "Gender division is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes." +Support the statement. (3) +14. How does communalism threaten the Indian Democr acy? Explain. (5) +15. Is it true that gender division is not based on biology but on social expectations and +stereotypes? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +Answer +1. b. partition +Explanation: Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal +violence, riots and massacre. India and Pakistan suf fered some of the worst +communal riots at the time of the Partition. The po st-Independence period has +also seen large scale communal violence. +2. a. elections are all about caste and nothing els e +Explanation: The focus on caste in politics can sometimes give an impression +that elections are all about caste and nothing else .CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +2. a. elections are all about caste and nothing els e +Explanation: The focus on caste in politics can sometimes give an impression +that elections are all about caste and nothing else . +3. a. It follows that people who follow different r eligions can belong to the same +social community. +Explanation: The followers of a particular religion must belong to one +community. Their fundamental interests are the same . Any difference that they +may have is irrelevant or trivial for community lif e. It also follows that people +who follow different religions cannot belong to the same social community. If +the followers of different religion have some commo nalities these are +superficial and immaterial. +4. d. India +Explanation: Sri Lanka ,Pakistan and England have official state religion. +India is a secular state and does not have any stat e religion. +5. d. Secularist +Explanation: Secularist is a person who does not discriminate o n the basis of +religious beliefs.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +India is a secular state and does not have any stat e religion. +5. d. Secularist +Explanation: Secularist is a person who does not discriminate o n the basis of +religious beliefs. +6. Local governments provide one-third representati on for women in India. +7. One-third of seats are reserved for women at the local level of Government i.e. +Municipality and Panchayats.8. 33 percent. +9. It refers to the community belonging to a majori ty category takes the status of +majoritarian dominance. +10. Impact of caste system on Indian democracy : +i. Caste system was based on exclusion and discrimi nation against the out caste +groups who were subjected to untouchability. +ii. Expression of caste differences in politics giv es many disadvantaged communities +the space to demand their share of power. In this s ense, caste politics has helped +people from Dalits and OBC caste to gain better acc ess to decision-making.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +the space to demand their share of power. In this s ense, caste politics has helped +people from Dalits and OBC caste to gain better acc ess to decision-making. +iii. Several political and non-political organizati ons have been demanding and +agitating for an end to discrimination against part icular castes, for more dignity +and more access to land, resources and opportunities . +iv. Inspite of many reforms, caste system has not di sappeared from contemporary +India. Even now, most people marry within their own caste or tribe. +Untouchability has not ended completely. +v. Exclusive attention can produce negative results as well. It can divert attention +from other pressing issues such as poverty, developm ent and corruption. In some +cases, it leads to violence. +11. The focus on caste in politics sometimes gives an impression that elections are all +about caste and nothing else. We can state followin g reasons for the same.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +cases, it leads to violence. +11. The focus on caste in politics sometimes gives an impression that elections are all +about caste and nothing else. We can state followin g reasons for the same. +A. Actually, the candidate and party have to win the confidence of more than one +caste and community and hardly any parliamentary co nstituency has a clear +majority of one single party. +B. It's not certain that people with the same caste or community have same interests, +they may have different interests depending on thei r economic status and social +condition. Thus, caste cannot be a sole factor. +C. Regarding voters, they may have more than one can didate from their caste, while +others may not have any candidate from their caste. +D. Irrespective of caste, voters consider the perfor mance of the govt. & popularity of +the leaders while voting. Hence, we can clearly conc lude that "caste alone cannotdetermine election result in India."CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +the leaders while voting. Hence, we can clearly conc lude that "caste alone cannotdetermine election result in India." +12. Advantages of the political expression of caste differences are: +i. It gives many disadvantaged groups the opportuni ty to demand a share in power +and decision- making. Caste politics has helped peo ple from Dalits and OBC castes +to gain better access to decision making. +ii. Many political parties take up the issue of end ing caste discrimination and aim for +more dignity, more access to land, resources and oppo rtunities. +iii. Measures for uplifting the status of the backw ard castes will be undertaken. +13. Gender division is a form of hierarchical socia l division based on social expectation +and stereotypes: +i. Boys and girls are brought up to believe that th e main responsibility of women is +housework and bringing up children. +ii. There is a sexual division of labour in most fa milies where women do all the +household chores and men work outside the home.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +housework and bringing up children. +ii. There is a sexual division of labour in most fa milies where women do all the +household chores and men work outside the home. +iii. Majority of women do some paid work in additio n to domestic labour both in +rural and urban areas but work is not valued and do es not get recognition. +14. A. Communalism involves religious prejudice, ste reotypes of religious communities +and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. +B. A communal mind often leads to a quest for polit ical dominance of one’s own +religious community. +C. Political mobilization on religious lines is ano ther frequent form of communalism. +In electoral politics, this often involves a special appeal to the interests or +emotions of votes of one religion in preference to others. +D. Sometimes communalism in India takes its most ug ly form of communal violence, +riots and massacre. +E. Communal prejudice and propaganda need to be cou ntered in everyday life andCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +D. Sometimes communalism in India takes its most ug ly form of communal violence, +riots and massacre. +E. Communal prejudice and propaganda need to be cou ntered in everyday life and +religion based mobilization need to be counted in t he area of politics. +15. Gender division is a form of hierarchical socia l division which is found in +everywhere. It tends to be understood as natural an d unchangeable. +A. In our society from the very childhood, boys and girls are brought up to believethat the main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children. +B. There is a sexual division of labour in most fam ilies where women do all work +inside the home. +C. It is not that men cannot do the work, but it is the society which makes them +understand that this domestic labour is the sole re sponsibility of women. +D. Majority of women do some paid work in addition to domestic labour. +E. As a result, women's role in public life, especial ly in politics is minimal in mostCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +D. Majority of women do some paid work in addition to domestic labour. +E. As a result, women's role in public life, especial ly in politics is minimal in most +societies, women face disadvantage, discrimination an d oppression in various +ways.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +1. In a municipal corporation, Municipal chairperson is called the: (1) +a. panch +b. sarpanch +c. district collector +d. Mayor +2. In ______, the boundaries of several old States o f India were changed in order to create +new States. (1) +a. 1950 +b. 1948 +c. 1947 +d. 1954 +3. It is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central +authority and various constituent units of the coun try (1) +a. Federalism +b. Secularism +c. Socialism +d. Nationalism +4. Regional governments existed in Belgium even ear lier. But all these powers were +given to these governments and could be withdrawn b y the (1) +a. Federal Government +b. Opposition Government +c. Central Government +d. State Government +5. Identify the State which are created not on the basis of language but to recognisedifferences based on culture, ethnicity or geography . (1) +a. Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand +b. Nagaland +c. Jharkhand +d. UttarakhandCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +a. Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand +b. Nagaland +c. Jharkhand +d. Uttarakhand +6. On which Amendment of the Constitution is the Pa nchayati Raj System in India +based? (1) +7. How can the fundamental provisions of the Indian constitution be changed? (1) +8. What are the basic objectives of a federal syste m? (1) +9. What do you mean by 'coming together federation' ? (1) +10. How is a federal government different from the unitary form of government? Why +are federations preferred these days? (3) +11. How challenge of language policy was adopted by the Indian federalism? (3) +12. State any three differences between the local g overnment before and after the +constitutional Amendment in 1992. (3) +13. What is the main difference between a federal f orm of government and a unitary +one? Explain with an example. (3) +14. What policies strengthened the federalism of In dia? (5) +15. Explain how power is shared among different org ans of the government. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +14. What policies strengthened the federalism of In dia? (5) +15. Explain how power is shared among different org ans of the government. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 17 Federalism +Answer +1. d. Mayor +Explanation: In a municipal corporation, such an officer is call ed the mayor. +2. c. 1947 +Explanation: In 1947, the boundaries of several old States of In dia were +changed in order to create new States. +This was done to ensure that people who spoke the s ame language lived in the +same State. +3. a. Federalism +Explanation: Federalism is a system of government in which the power is +divided between a central authority and various con stituent units of the +country +4. c. Central Government +Explanation: Regional governments existed in Belgium even earli er. They had +their roles and powers. But all these powers were g iven to these governments +and could be withdrawn by the Central Government. +5. a. Nagaland, Uttarakhand and JharkhandCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +their roles and powers. But all these powers were g iven to these governments +and could be withdrawn by the Central Government. +5. a. Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand +Explanation: Some States were created not on the basis of langu age but to +recognise differences based on culture, ethnicity or geography. These include +States like Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand. +6. The Panchayati Raj System of India is based on t he 73rd Amendment of the +Constitution. It provided constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions in +India. +7. The fundamental provisions of the constitution o f India cannot be changed +unilaterally i.e. it can be changed only in a bilat eral way wherein the consent of both +the levels of government is required.8. The basic objectives of a federal system are: +To safeguard and promote the unity of the country +To accommodate regional diversity are the two basic objectives of a federal +systemCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +To safeguard and promote the unity of the country +To accommodate regional diversity are the two basic objectives of a federal +system +9. A federation which is formed when several indepe ndent states come together on their +own to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling sovere ignty and retaining identity they +can increase their security. The USA is an example of such a federation. +10. Difference: +i. Unitary government has only one level of governm ent whereas a federal +government has two or more levels of government. +ii. In a unitary government, the sub-units are subor dinate to the centre, whereas, in a +federation, the central government cannot encroach o n the rights of state +governments. +iii. In a unitary system, the centre can order the s ubunits which cannot happen in the +federation. Both governments are answerable to the people in a federal system. +iv. In a unitary system, power is not shared but in a federal system governments atCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +federation. Both governments are answerable to the people in a federal system. +iv. In a unitary system, power is not shared but in a federal system governments at +different levels should agree to some rules of powe r sharing. +A federation is preferred because : +i. It helps in making administration effective and efficient. +ii. It helps to accommodate all diverse groups. +iii. The existence and authority of each tier of th e government is constitutionally +guaranteed +11. i. A second test for Indian federalism is the l anguage policy. +ii. Our Constitution did not give the status of nat ional language to any one language. +iii. Hindi was identified as the official language. +iv. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of Indians. Therefore, +there were many safeguards to protect other languag es. +v. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recog nised as Scheduled Languages by +the Constitution.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +there were many safeguards to protect other languag es. +v. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recog nised as Scheduled Languages by +the Constitution. +vi. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions +may opt. to take the examination in any one of thes e languages.vii. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes +place in the official language of the concerned sta te. +12. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, the +local self-government. +Local Government before 1992 : +i. It was directly under the control of the state G overnment. +ii. Elections were not held regularly. +iii. Local governments did not have any power or re sources of their own. +Local Government after 1992 : +i. Local Governments have got some powers of their own. +ii. Elections are held regularly. +iii. An independent state election commission is re sponsible to conduct the elections.CHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +i. Local Governments have got some powers of their own. +ii. Elections are held regularly. +iii. An independent state election commission is re sponsible to conduct the elections. +13. Federalism is a system of government in which t he power is divided between a +central authority and various constituent units of the country. Federal governments +have two or more tiers of government. In a federal form of government, the central +government shares its powers with the various const ituent units of the country. Both +types of governments enjoy independent powers and a re separately answerable to +the people. For example, in India, power is divided b etween the Central Government +and the various State governments. In a unitary for m of government, either there is +one level of government or the sub-units are subord inate to the Central government. +In this, the Central government can pass orders to t he provincial or the regionalCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +one level of government or the sub-units are subord inate to the Central government. +In this, the Central government can pass orders to t he provincial or the regional +government. For example, in Sri Lanka, the national g overnment has all the powers. +14. The features of the third tier of rural governm ent are: +A. Rural local government is popularly known by the name Panchayat Raj. Each +Village or group of villages in some state has a Gr am Panchayat. +B. This is a council consisting of several ward mem bers called Panchs and a +president called Sarpanch. They are directly electe d by the adult population living +in the ward or village. +C. The Panchayats works under the overall supervisi on of the Gram Sabha. All the +voters of the village are the members of Gram Sabha . +D. The local government structure goes right up to the district level. A few GramCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +voters of the village are the members of Gram Sabha . +D. The local government structure goes right up to the district level. A few Gram +panchayats are grouped together to form Panchayat S amiti or Block. The membersof all the Block are elected by the panchayat membe rs of the area. +E. All the Panchayat Samitis or Mandals in a distri ct together constitute the Zila +Parishad. +15. The constitution provided distribution of legis lative powers into the following organs: +A. Union List: Subjects of national importance like defense, foreign affairs, atomic +energy, banking, post and telegraph are included in t he Union List. Only the +central government can pass laws on the subjects me ntioned in the union list +because we need a uniform policy on important or na tional issues throughout the +country. The union list has 97 subjects. +B. State List: It comprises the important subjects on which the state government canCHAPTER 7-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-FEDERALISM - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +country. The union list has 97 subjects. +B. State List: It comprises the important subjects on which the state government can +pass laws. Subjects like police, local government, tr ade and commerce, agriculture +are within the state included in the State list. Th e state list has 66 subjects. +C. Concurrent List: The concurrent list comprises t he subjects which are of common +concern both to the centre and state government. Ho wever if there is a conflict +between the central law and state law, over a subjec t in the Concurrent list, the +central law would be effective. The concurrent list has 47 subjects. +D. Residuary Powers: Matters which are not included in the division of powers are +known as residuary powers. It was felt that there c an be subjects which are not +mentioned in either of these lists. The central gov ernment has been given the +power to legislate on the residuary subjects.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +1. India is a secular state because: (1) +a. There is an official religion +b. It teaches defensive action to the people +c. It prohibits discrimination on religious grounds +d. It disallows freedom to practise any religion +2. Indian society is a _______ one. (1) +a. patriarchal +b. matriarchal +c. maternal +d. fraternal +3. A person who thinks that caste is principal basi s of community: (1) +a. Castiest +b. Communist +c. Communalist +d. Humanist +4. Consider the following points regarding the rela tionship between religion and +politics. Identify the incorrect one. (1) +a. Ideas, ideals and values drawn from different rel igions can and perhaps should +play a role in politics +b. People should be able to express in politics the ir needs, interests and demands as a +member of a religious community. +c. These political acts are not wrong as long as th ey treat every religion unequally.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +member of a religious community. +c. These political acts are not wrong as long as th ey treat every religion unequally. +d. Those who hold political power should sometimes be able to regulate the practice +of religion so as to prevent discrimination and opp ression.5. In which of the category of work do you think le ss time is spent by men? (1) +a. Earning profit +b. Buying groceries +c. Children's responsibility +d. Household and related work +6. List some laws enacted by the Parliament for the welfare of women. (1) +7. What do you mean by 'Feminist'? (1) +8. In which countries women are given high profile? (1) +9. According to the census of India 2001, what is th e literacy rate for men in India? (1) +10. How does the Constitution of India ensure that India remains a secular state? (3) +11. How has women participation been increased in t he Indian politics? Give a +comparative analysis of early and modern period. (3)CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +11. How has women participation been increased in t he Indian politics? Give a +comparative analysis of early and modern period. (3) +12. What is the basis of caste-based politics? Expla in. (3) +13. Give the concept of caste inequality. (3) +14. Examine the basic features of the caste system prevailing in India. (5) +15. The focus on caste in politics can sometimes gi ve an impression that elections are all +about caste and nothing else. Do you agree? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +Answer +1. d. It disallows freedom to practise any religion +Explanation: India is a secular state because: +1. It allows freedom to practise any religion +2. There is no official religion +3. It prohibits discrimination on religious grounds +2. a. patriarchal +Explanation: In our country, women still lag much behind men des pite some +improvement since Independence. Ours is still a mal e-dominated, patriarchal +society. +3. a. CastiestCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +2. a. patriarchal +Explanation: In our country, women still lag much behind men des pite some +improvement since Independence. Ours is still a mal e-dominated, patriarchal +society. +3. a. Castiest +Explanation: Castiest is a person who thinks that caste is prin cipal basis of +community. +4. c. These political acts are not wrong as long as they treat every religion unequally. +Explanation: All these instances involve a relationship between religion and +politics. But they do not seem very wrong or danger ous. Ideas, ideals and values +drawn from different religions can and perhaps shou ld play a role in politics. +People should be able to express in politics their needs, interests and demands +as a member of a religious community. Those who hol d political power should +sometimes be able to regulate the practice of relig ion so as to prevent +discrimination and oppression. These political acts are not wrong as long as +they treat every religion equally.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +sometimes be able to regulate the practice of relig ion so as to prevent +discrimination and oppression. These political acts are not wrong as long as +they treat every religion equally. +5. d. Household and related work +Explanation: This is reflected in a SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR i n most +families: women do all work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, +washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, et c., and men do all the work +outside the home. It is not that men cannot do hous ework; they simply think +that it is for women to attend to these things.6. For the welfare of the women the following laws are enacted by the Parliament: +a. Special Marriage Act of 1955. +b. Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961. +c. Equal Remuneration Act of 1976. +7. Feminist can be a woman or a man who believes in equal rights and opportunities for +women and men. +8. Scandinavian Countries- Sweden, Norway and Denmar k. +9. 75.26%CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +7. Feminist can be a woman or a man who believes in equal rights and opportunities for +women and men. +8. Scandinavian Countries- Sweden, Norway and Denmar k. +9. 75.26% +10. A. There is no of an official religion for the Indian state. +B. Constitution of India does not give a special st atus to any religion. +C. The constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, +practice and propagate any religion, or not to follo w any. +D. The constitution prohibits discrimination on gro unds of religion. +11. Women have been active participants in Indian p olitics since independence. In the +struggle for independence under Mahatma Gandhi, wome n played an important role. +There were prominent women leaders like Sarojini Na idu and Aruna Asaf Ali. +After independence, women have continued to play an important role in politics. +India had universal adult franchise right from inde pendence and, therefore, women +have been very active in politics as voters.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +India had universal adult franchise right from inde pendence and, therefore, women +have been very active in politics as voters. +Earlier women participation in politics was minimal . They were not allowed to +participate in public affairs, vote and contest for public offices. It was only after +gender issue was raised in politics that women got access to this area. The +participation of women in Indian politics has been increased by making it legally +binding to have a fair proportion of women in the e lected bodies: +a. In local government, however, the participation of women has significantly +increased with one-third of seats in local governme nt institutions being reserved +for women. +b. There are more than 10 lakh elected women repres entatives in rural and urban +local bodies.c. Efforts are being made for such a reservation in Parliament and State Assemblies +too. +d. Still, a lot more has to be done. A bill on the r eservation of seats for women hasCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +local bodies.c. Efforts are being made for such a reservation in Parliament and State Assemblies +too. +d. Still, a lot more has to be done. A bill on the r eservation of seats for women has +been pending before the parliament but there is no consensus over the bill among +all the political parties. +12. Caste based politics in India, play a big role i n elections. Caste-based politics is the big +game of politics because if you want to establish y our government in any state you +need a big support of a proper caste. +A. When candidates are chosen for a constituency th e caste composition of the area +is kept in mind and then candidates are nominated w ho can win the election. +B. Political parties make appeals to the caste sent iments of the electorate. +C. Caste has become an important factor of politica l parties. +13. Caste inequalities refer to stratification of s ociety on the basis of caste andCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +C. Caste has become an important factor of politica l parties. +13. Caste inequalities refer to stratification of s ociety on the basis of caste and +discrimination in society based upon this factor. T he basis for this discrimination is +the belief that some castes are superior than other s and people who are born in these +castes deserve privileges on the basis of their bir th alone.Caste inequality is one of the +kinds of social inequality in which people are disc riminated against on the basis of +origin or caste. +a. It is the basic constituent of caste system. +b. Caste inequality is both hierarchical and segmen tary. +c. The most detrimental aspect of the caste inequal ity is the practice of +untouchability. +14. A. It is a hierarchical occupational division o f the society. +B. It has four main divisions- Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. +C. It is hereditary. +D. The members of the same caste group formed a soc ial community that followedCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +B. It has four main divisions- Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. +C. It is hereditary. +D. The members of the same caste group formed a soc ial community that followed +similar occupations, married within the caste and di d not mingle with the other +caste. +E. The caste system was based on the exclusion of a nd discrimination against the +‘outcaste’ groups that were subjected to the inhuman practice of untouchability.15. No, I do not agree. The focus on caste in politi cs can sometimes give an impression +that elections are all about caste and nothing else . +This is far from true because: +i. No parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single +caste. So, every candidate and party needs to win th e confidence of more than one +caste and community to win elections. +ii. No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community. When people say +that caste is a Vote bank' of one party, it usually means that a large proportion ofCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +ii. No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community. When people say +that caste is a Vote bank' of one party, it usually means that a large proportion of +the voters from the casting vote for the party. +iii. Many political parties may put up candidates f rom the same caste (if that caste is +believed to dominate the electorate in a particular constituency). Some voters +have more than one candidate from their caste while many voters have no +candidates from their caste. +iv. The ruling party of the sitting M.P or M.L.A. f requently loses elections in our +country. That could not have happened if all castes or communities were frozen in +their political preferences. +v. The voters have a strong attachment to political parties which is often stronger +than their attachment to their caste or community. +vi. Rich and poor or man and women from the same ca ste often vote very differently. +vii. People's assessment of the performance of the government and the popularityCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (7).txt +vi. Rich and poor or man and women from the same ca ste often vote very differently. +vii. People's assessment of the performance of the government and the popularity +rating of leaders matter and are often decisive in the elections.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +1. Consider the following statements and identify t he incorrect one: (1) +a. Many political parties may put up candidates fro m the same caste +b. The ruling party and the sitting MP or MLA frequ ently lose elections in our +country +c. All parliamentary constituencies in the country have a clear majority of one single +caste. +d. No party wins the votes of all the voters of a c aste or community +2. Human rights groups in our country have argued t hat most of the victims of +communal riots in our country are people from: (1) +a. varied cultures +b. multi religious +c. religious minorities +d. religious majorities +3. The Scheduled Castes are commonly known as: (1) +a. Dalits +b. Superior +c. OBCs +d. Adivasis +4. The Prime Minister’s High Level Committee is popu larly known as (1) +a. Poonchi Committee +b. Mandal Committee +c. Sarkaria Committee +d. Sachar CommitteeCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +b. Superior +c. OBCs +d. Adivasis +4. The Prime Minister’s High Level Committee is popu larly known as (1) +a. Poonchi Committee +b. Mandal Committee +c. Sarkaria Committee +d. Sachar Committee +5. The girls drop out from the schools because: (1)a. parents expect them to go for higher education +b. they don't have proper transportation +c. of the poor economic condition +d. parents prefer to spend their resources for thei r boys’ education rather than +spending equally +6. According to the census of India 2001, what is th e literacy rate for women in +India? (1) +7. Name the group of countries in which participati on of women in public life is very +high. (1) +8. Which country has no official religion of its ow n? (1) +9. What is gender division? (1) +10. Describe the adverse effects of caste in politi cs in India. (3) +11. How does caste get politicised? Give three point s. (3) +12. Why did the Muslim Ulama in India want to intro duce religious reforms in Islam?CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +11. How does caste get politicised? Give three point s. (3) +12. Why did the Muslim Ulama in India want to intro duce religious reforms in Islam? +Give any three reasons. (3) +13. Suggest any two measures to check communalism i n India. (3) +14. Explain the role of caste in Indian politics. (5) +15. Describe any five ways in which women in India are still discriminated and +oppressed. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 19 Gender, Religion and Caste +Answer +1. c. All parliamentary constituencies in the count ry have a clear majority of one +single caste. +Explanation: No parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear +majority of one single caste. So, every candidate an d party needs to win the +confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections +2. c. religious minorities +Explanation: Human rights groups in our country have argued tha t most of +the victims of communal riots in our country are pe ople from religiousCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +2. c. religious minorities +Explanation: Human rights groups in our country have argued tha t most of +the victims of communal riots in our country are pe ople from religious +minorities. They have demanded that the government take special steps to +protect religious minorities. +3. a. Dalits +Explanation: The Scheduled Castes, commonly known as Dalits, incl ude those +that were previously regarded as ‘outcaste’ in the Hi ndu social order and were +subjected to exclusion and untouchability. +4. d. Sachar Committee +Explanation: Expert estimates done for the Prime Minister’s High Level +Committee (popularly known as Sachar Committee) sho w that the proportion of +the Muslims is expected to go up a little, by about 3 to 4 per cent, in the next 50 +years. +5. d. parents prefer to spend their resources for t heir boys’ education rather than +spending equally +Explanation: When we look at school results, girls perform as we ll as boys, ifCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +years. +5. d. parents prefer to spend their resources for t heir boys’ education rather than +spending equally +Explanation: When we look at school results, girls perform as we ll as boys, if +not better in some places. But they drop out becaus e parents prefer to spend +their resources for their boys’ education rather tha n spending equally on their +sons and daughters. +6. 53.67%7. Women's participation in public life is very hig h in Scandinavian countries (Sweden, +Norway and Finland). +8. India has no official religion of its own and he nce is called secular. +9. The difference between female and male members o f society is defined as Gender +division. It is a form of hierarchical social divis ion based on stereotypes and social +expectations. +10. Adverse effects of caste in politics in India: +i. Political parties choose candidates keeping in m ind the caste composition of the +electorate to gain votes. +ii. Political parties make appeals to caste sentime nts to muster support.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +i. Political parties choose candidates keeping in m ind the caste composition of the +electorate to gain votes. +ii. Political parties make appeals to caste sentime nts to muster support. +iii. Politics based on caste identity alone is not very healthy in a democracy. It can +divert attention from other pressing issues like de velopment, poverty and +corruption. +iv. Leads to conflicts and tensions among various c aste groups. +11. Politics too influences caste system and caste identities by bringing them into the +political arena. Thus it is not politics that gets caste ridden, it is the caste that gets +politicised. This takes several forms: +i. Each caste group tries to become bigger by incor porating within it neighbouring +castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded fr om it. +ii. Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes or +communities and thus enter into a dialogue and nego tiation.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +ii. Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes or +communities and thus enter into a dialogue and nego tiation. +iii. New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political area like 'backward' and +'forward' caste groups. +12. Muslim Ulama in India wanted to introduce relig ious reforms in Islam because: +i. In North India, the decline of the Muslim dynasti es deeply disturbed the ulama. It +caused anxiety in them. +ii. They started considering themselves as a minori ty religion and felt the need for +reforms. +iii. They feared that colonial rulers would encoura ge conversion and change Muslimpersonal laws. They were not ready to give in. +iv. To counter this, they used cheap lithographic pr esses to publish Persian and Urdu +translations of holy scriptures and printed religio us newspapers and tracts. +v. The Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867, published t housands and thousands ofCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +translations of holy scriptures and printed religio us newspapers and tracts. +v. The Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867, published t housands and thousands of +fatwas, telling Muslim readers how to conduct themse lves in their everyday lives, +and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines. +13. i. Communalism should not be seen as a threat t o some people in India. +ii. Communal prejudices and propaganda need to be c ountered in everyday life. +iii. Religion-based mobilisation needs to be counte red in the arena of politics. +14. Role of caste in politics: +It has persuaded several aspects of Indian society for centuries. Castes are ranked in +hierarchical order, which determines the behaviour o f one member of society over +another. +Besides voting, the caste is an important factor, inf luencing the selection of candidates +in elections, the appointment of ministers, transfer, and posting of public officials etc.CHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +another. +Besides voting, the caste is an important factor, inf luencing the selection of candidates +in elections, the appointment of ministers, transfer, and posting of public officials etc. +The policy of reservation has given further impetus to the role of caste in politics. +Caste plays a very important role in elections and voting in the following way: +i. While choosing candidates: When parties choose candidates in elections, they +keep in mind the caste composition of the electorat e, and nominate candidates +from different castes so as to get the necessary su pport to win elections. Political +parties select their candidates on the basis of cas te composition in the +constituency. +ii. While forming a government: When the governments are formed, political +parties usually take care that representatives of d ifferent castes and tribes find a +place in it. +iii. While campaigning: Political parties and candidates in elections make appealsCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +parties usually take care that representatives of d ifferent castes and tribes find a +place in it. +iii. While campaigning: Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals +to people to give them their votes on the basis of caste. Some political parties are +known to favour some castes and are seen as their r epresentatives. +iv. Adoption of democratic principle: Universal adult franchise and the principle +of one-person-one-vote, has compelled the political leaders to raise the caste-based +issues during elections. They do so to mobilise and secure political support. The +voting in elections and mobilization of political s upport from top to bottom moveson the caste lines. It also brought new consciousne ss among the people of castes +that were hitherto treated as inferior and low. +15. Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppr ession in various ways: +i. In our country, women still lag much behind men d espite some improvementsCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +15. Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppr ession in various ways: +i. In our country, women still lag much behind men d espite some improvements +since Independence. Gender division is not based on biology, but on stereotypes +and social expectations. +ii. Women do all the work inside the home but men d o the same kind of work only if +they are paid for it. +iii. Majority of women do some sort of paid work in addition to domestic labour. But +their work is not valued and does not get recogniti on. +iv. The literacy rate among women is only 54 percen t as compared with 76 percent +among men. +v. Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. Girls are +performing as good as boys in school. But they drop out because parents prefer to +spend their resources on their boys' education rath er than spending equally on +their sons and daughters. +vi. The proportion of women among the highly paid a nd valued jobs is still veryCHAPTER 8- POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +spend their resources on their boys' education rath er than spending equally on +their sons and daughters. +vi. The proportion of women among the highly paid a nd valued jobs is still very +small, On an average, an Indian woman works one hour more than an average +man every day. +vii. The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. +However, in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema to factories and +fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work. +viii. The role of women in politics is minimal in m ost societies. +ix. In many parts of India, parents prefer to have s ons and find ways to have the girl +child aborted before she is born. Such sex-selectiv e abortion led to a decline in +child sex ratio. +x. Woman face harassment, exploitation and violence on the domestic front.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +1. The main base of BSP is in: (1) +a. Haryana +b. Delhi +c. Uttar Pradesh +d. Punjab +2. Which party wants full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir +with India? (1) +a. Indian National Congress +b. Bahujan Samaj Party +c. Communist Party of India +d. Bharatiya Janata Party +3. What is an 'alliance'? (1) +a. None of these +b. One party contests elections +c. Several parties join hands for contesting electi ons +d. Two parties contest elections +4. Which Party/Parties have national level politica l organisation with units in several +states? (1) +i. Samata Party, Nationalist Congress Party and Comm unist Party of India - Marxist +ii. Samajwadi Party, Samata Party and Rashtriya Jana ta Dal +iii. Samajwadi Party, Nationalist Congress Party and Communist Party of India - +Marxist +iv. Rashtriya Janata Dal, Nationalist Congress Party and Communist Party of India - +MarxistCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iii. Samajwadi Party, Nationalist Congress Party and Communist Party of India - +Marxist +iv. Rashtriya Janata Dal, Nationalist Congress Party and Communist Party of India - +Marxist +5. How many parties are registered with the Electio n Commission of India? (1)a. 650 +b. 750 +c. 700 +d. 500 +6. When was Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) founded? (1) +7. Name any one political party that has national l evel political organization but not +recognized as the national political party. (1) +8. Which is the most visible institutions in a demo cracy? (1) +9. Name the National Political Party who is against the conversion of religion? (1) +10. What is meant by defection in democracy? Explain . (3) +11. Name a country that has a one-party system. (3) +12. Describe the main features of the Two-Party sys tem. (3) +13. "Political parties are necessary for a democrac y”. In the light of this statement, explain +any four characteristics of the political parties i n India. (3)CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +13. "Political parties are necessary for a democrac y”. In the light of this statement, explain +any four characteristics of the political parties i n India. (3) +14. How do political parties help in shaping public opinion? Explain. (5) +15. How can the quality of democracy be improved in a country like India? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +Answers +1. c. Uttar Pradesh +Explanation: BSP has its main base in the state of Uttar Pradesh and +substantial presence in neighbouring states like Ma dhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, +Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab. +2. d. Bharatiya Janata Party +Explanation: Bharatiya Janata Party party wants full territorial and political +integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India. +3. c. Several parties join hands for contesting ele ctions +Explanation: When several parties in a multi-party system join h ands for the +purpose of contesting elections and winning power, i t is called an alliance or aCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +Explanation: When several parties in a multi-party system join h ands for the +purpose of contesting elections and winning power, i t is called an alliance or a +front. For example, in India there were three such m ajor alliances in 2004 +parliamentary elections – the National Democratic Al liance, the United +Progressive Alliance and the Left Front. +4. b. Samajwadi Party, Samata Party and Rashtriya Ja nata Dal +Explanation: Parties like the Samajwadi Party, Samata Party and R ashtriya +Janata Dal have national level political organisati on with units in several states. +5. b. 750 +Explanation: In a democracy any group of citizens is free to for m a political +party. In this formal sense there are a large numbe r of political parties in each +country. More than 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of +India. +6. Bharatiya Janata Party was founded in 1980 by re viving the erstwhile Bhartiya Jana +Sangh, formed by Syama Prasad Mukherjee in 1951. +7. Samajwadi Party.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +India. +6. Bharatiya Janata Party was founded in 1980 by re viving the erstwhile Bhartiya Jana +Sangh, formed by Syama Prasad Mukherjee in 1951. +7. Samajwadi Party. +8. Political parties are one of the most visible in stitutions in a democracy to promotecollective good for society. For most ordinary citi zens democracy is equal to political +parties. +9. Bharatiya Janta Party +10. Defection in politics means changing political party to another party for some +personal benefits. It means changing party allegian ce from the party on which a +person got elected to a different party. It happens when a legislature, after having +been elected from a particular party leaves it and joins in other party. To prevent this +custom of changing party legislature of India made a law that is anti-defection law. +The constitution was amended to prevent elected MLA s and MPs from changing +parties. Now the law says that if any MLA and MP ch anges parties, he or she will loseCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +The constitution was amended to prevent elected MLA s and MPs from changing +parties. Now the law says that if any MLA and MP ch anges parties, he or she will lose +seat in the legislature. The new law has brought de fection down and has made dissent +even more difficult. +11. China has a one-party system. +12. Main features of the two-party system: +i. Power usually changes between two parties, severa l other parties may exist. +ii. In the two-party system, the opposition will be very strong and effective as one +party forms the opposition. +iii. This system provides for strong opposition to keep a check on the government. +iv. It provides the voter with a clear choice of th e candidates. +v. It is easy to obtain a clear majority that provi des stability to the government. +13. Political parties are necessary for the very ex istence of democracy. The characteristics +of a political party are: +i. Political parties contest elections, form governm ent and share power. PartiesCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +of a political party are: +i. Political parties contest elections, form governm ent and share power. Parties +other than ruling party play the role of watchdog. +ii. They agree on some policies and programmes for society to promote collective +good. +iii. Sometimes a political party is unable to win a majority, then it makes an alliance +with other parties to form a Coalition Government. +iv. Political parties try to persuade people that t heir policies are better than others.14. Political parties in a populated country like I ndia helped in forming the government +and have become omnipresent in democracies all over the world. +i. They raise and highlight issues. +ii. They form pressure groups as extended arms. +iii. The launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by the people. +iv. They have lakhs of members and activists. +v. They restrain the government and make policies. +vi. Parties sometimes launch movements, and often op inions in the society developCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +iv. They have lakhs of members and activists. +v. They restrain the government and make policies. +vi. Parties sometimes launch movements, and often op inions in the society develop +on the basis of the standpoint taken by the politic al parties. +vii. They justify the government or oppose it. +15. The quality of the democracy can be improved by overcoming the challenges of +foundation, expansion and deepening. +i. Quality of democracy depends on active public pa rticipation, instead of criticism +of the government. +ii. Not only political parties but ordinary citizen s, pressure groups and movements +and the media, all must work towards improving democ racy. +iii. Values such as honesty must be included at an early age so that people learn to be +corruption free. +iv. There should be no dictatorship from those who rule, everyone should taste the +concept of the rights mentioned in the very constit ution of the country.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (5).txt +corruption free. +iv. There should be no dictatorship from those who rule, everyone should taste the +concept of the rights mentioned in the very constit ution of the country. +v. The law and order should be maintained properly. The corruption should be +curbed.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +1. The _____ was/were amended to prevent elected ML As and MPs from changing +parties. (1) +a. All of these +b. Constitution +c. Power of Attorney +d. Affidavit +2. Any _____ system must allow at least two parties to compete in elections. (1) +a. Autocratic +b. Democratic +c. Communist +d. Monarchy +3. Which out of the following is a 'state party'? (1) +a. BSP +b. NCP +c. BJP +d. Rashtriya Janata Dal +4. Match the following with respect to functions of political parties. (1) +Column A Column B +1. Policies and +programmesa. Parties play a decisive role,Debates and pass the legislature +2. Making laws for +a country.b. Criticising government for its failures. +3. Role of +oppositionc. Parties select their candidates in different way s. +4. Parties contest +elections.d. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what +policies are suitable for the society. +a. 1 - a, 2 - d, 3 - b, 4 - cCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +4. Parties contest +elections.d. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what +policies are suitable for the society. +a. 1 - a, 2 - d, 3 - b, 4 - c +b. 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - cc. 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - d +d. 1 - d, 2 - b, 3 - a, 4 - c +5. Which of the following is True? (1) +a. Opposing parties is equal to political parties. +b. Democracy is equal to political parties. +c. Democracy is not equal to political parties. +d. Democracy is equal to Ruling parties. +6. Who takes a direct part in the elections? (1) +7. Name the alliance formed by the Congress Party. (1) +8. Name the political party which is a result of so cial reform movement. (1) +9. Name any two regional parties and the states whe re they are active. (1) +10. Explain the requirements fulfilled by a politic al party to become a national political +party. (3) +11. "Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be a part of oneCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +10. Explain the requirements fulfilled by a politic al party to become a national political +party. (3) +11. "Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be a part of one +or the other national level coalition." Support the statement with arguments. (3) +12. Explain the constitutional measures to counter challenges faced by political +parties. (3) +13. When was the Communist Party of India (Marxist) formed? Mention the ideologies of +the party. (3) +14. 'The political scene is the mass of many partie s.' How do politicians mange these +coalitions? Give your opinion. (5) +15. What is dominant party system? Is it same with o ne-party system? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 02 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +Answers +1. b. Constitution +Explanation: The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLA s and MPs +from changing parties. This was done because many e lected representatives +were indulging in DEFECTION in order to become mini sters or for cash +rewards.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +from changing parties. This was done because many e lected representatives +were indulging in DEFECTION in order to become mini sters or for cash +rewards. +2. b. Democratic +Explanation: Any democratic system must allow at least two parti es to +compete in elections and provide a fair chance for the competing parties to +come to power. +3. d. Rashtriya Janata Dal +Explanation: Parties like the Samajwadi Party, Samata Party and R ashtriya +Janata Dal have national level political organisati on with units in several states +4. b. 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c +Explanation: A.Parties put forward different policies and progra mmes and +the voters choose from them. Each of us may have di fferent opinions and views +on what policies are suitable for the society. +i. Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country. Formally, laws are +debated and passed in the legislature +ii. Those parties that lose in the elections play t he role of opposition to theCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +debated and passed in the legislature +ii. Those parties that lose in the elections play t he role of opposition to the +parties in power, by voicing different views and cri ticising government for +its failures or wrong policies. +iii. Parties contest elections. In most democracies , elections are fought mainly +among the candidates put up by political parties. P arties select their +candidates in different ways +5. b. Democracy is equal to political parties. +Explanation: For most ordinary citizens, democracy is equal to po litical +parties.6. Political parties takes a direct part in electio n. +7. The alliance formed by the Congress party is Uni ted Progressive Alliance (UPA). +8. The parties like the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) a nd DMK are the results of a long- +drawn social reform movement. +9. DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazham) and National Confe rence are the two regional +parties and have strong support in their regions. D MK is active in Tamil Nadu andCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +drawn social reform movement. +9. DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazham) and National Confe rence are the two regional +parties and have strong support in their regions. D MK is active in Tamil Nadu and +Puducherry and National Conference is active in Jam mu and Kashmir. +10. i. The party has to secure at least six percent of the total votes in the Lok Sabha +elections. +ii. Six percent of the total votes in the state Ass embly elections and win at least four +seats in the Lok Sabha protected against the market ing of goods and delivery of +services that are hazardous to life and property. +11. State parties seeking national-level coalition: Over the last three decades, the +number and strength of these parties have expended. This made the parliament of +India politically more and more diverse. No one nat ional party was able to secure on +its own a majority in Lok Sabha. Before General Ele ction of 2014, in three generalCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +India politically more and more diverse. No one nat ional party was able to secure on +its own a majority in Lok Sabha. Before General Ele ction of 2014, in three general +elections, no one national party was able to secure on its own a majority in Lok Sabha. +With the result, the national parties were compelled to form alliances with state or +regional parties. Since 1996, nearly every one of th e state parties has got an +opportunity to be a part of one or the other nation al level coalition government. This +has contributed to the strengthening of federalism and democracy. +12. The constitutional measures to counter challeng es faced by political parties include +i. The constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing +parties. This is called anti defection law. +ii. The Supreme Court made it mandatory for every c andidate to file an affidavit +giving details of his property and criminal cases p ending against him.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +parties. This is called anti defection law. +ii. The Supreme Court made it mandatory for every c andidate to file an affidavit +giving details of his property and criminal cases p ending against him. +iii. The Election Commission made it necessary for political parties to hold elections +and file their Income Tax Returns. +iv. A law is passed to regulate the internal affair s of political parties.13. The Communist Party of India (Marxist) Party wa s formed in 1964. +Ideologies of Communist Party of India (Marxist) ar e mentioend below: +i. Its aim is socialism and communism through the e stablishment of the state of the +dictatorship of the proletariat. +ii. In all its activities the Party is guided by th e philosophy and principles of +Marxism–Leninism +iii. It supports socialism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and +communalism. +iv. The party accepts democratic elections as a use ful and helpful means for securing +the objective of socio-economic justice in India.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +communalism. +iv. The party accepts democratic elections as a use ful and helpful means for securing +the objective of socio-economic justice in India. +v. The party is critical of the new economic polici es that allow free flow of foreign +capital and goods into the country. +14. It is true that presently political scene is do minated by many parties. +The politicians do manage these coalitions by givin g proportional representation to all +the emerging political parties and their members. +With the mushrooming of political parties, it has no w become difficult in the Indian +political scenario, for any particular party to garn er majority of seats to form the +government. +In such a case, several political parties with almos t similar agenda come together to +form a government and if voted to power, all such pa rties as a coalition form the +government +Generally, all the major decision making is done by the biggest party in the coalition, +like that of BJP in the general elections of 2014.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +government +Generally, all the major decision making is done by the biggest party in the coalition, +like that of BJP in the general elections of 2014. +If we take it in positive sense we see that this si gnifies: +i. The concept of popular participation . +ii. Equal representation to all the sections of the society. +iii. This system has strengthened federal system of democracy. +iv. It is helpful to get equal share in the power. +v. Ministries are allotted keeping in mind all the members of the coalition. +Such a system may face problems if one of more than one political parties, opts out of +the coalition leading to instability.Though at times difficult to manage, such system all ows a assortment of interests and +opinions for political representation. +15. The dominant party system is the system in whic h one party is so dominant that other +parties are, for practical purposes, irrelevant. For example, for two decades afterCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +15. The dominant party system is the system in whic h one party is so dominant that other +parties are, for practical purposes, irrelevant. For example, for two decades after +independence, the Indian National Congress was the s ingle dominant party.No, it is +not the same as the one-party system. It is nearly some to the one-party system but +differs in that, there exists a number of parties. I n India until 1990, the Congress Party +maintained its predominant position, barring 3 years as the ruling party at the +national level. It occupied the central space in po litics because of its immense +organizational strength and its capability to get a large number of seats in the +Parliament and the state legislatures. +In Japan, also the Liberal Democratic Party, until 19 93, has been the sole governing +party of the country for more than three decades th rough a number of parties are +represented in the Diet. This system also existed i n East Germany, Poland andCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET.txt +party of the country for more than three decades th rough a number of parties are +represented in the Diet. This system also existed i n East Germany, Poland and +Czechoslovakia, where one-party forced other parties into an electoral pact that +voters had no other choice but to vote for the cand idates of the coalition or to abstain.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +1. Which party was formed following a split in the Congress party? (1) +a. Bhartiya Janta Party +b. Indian National Congress +c. Communist Party of India - Marxist +d. Nationalist Congress Party +2. Which of the following is not the obstructions a nd challenges faced by political +parties? (1) +a. Lack of internal Democracy +b. Meaningful Choices +c. Money and Muscle Power +d. Full of Transparency +3. Bharatiya Janata Party came to power in 1998 as the leader of the ______ including +several state and regional parties. (1) +a. Communist Party of India - Marxist +b. The Left Front +c. National Democratic Alliance +d. The United Progressive Alliance +4. Which party believes in Marxism-Leninism, secular ism and democracy? (1) +a. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) +b. Indian National Congress (INC) +c. Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) +d. Communist Party of India (CPI)CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +a. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) +b. Indian National Congress (INC) +c. Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) +d. Communist Party of India (CPI) +5. Match the following with respect to Challenges t o political parties. (1)Column A Column B +1. First Challenge a. Dynastic succession +2. Second Challenge b. Money and muscle power +3. Third Challenge c. Meaningful choice +4. Fourth Challenge d. Lack of internal democracy +a. 1 - d, 2 - b, 3 - a, 4 - c +b. 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c +c. 1 - a, 2 - d, 3 - b, 4 - c +d. 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - d +6. How National Congress Party was formed? (1) +7. Name the political Party who wants full territor ial and political integration of Jammu +and Kashmir with India? (1) +8. Which institution has passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold +their organizational election and file their income tax return? (1) +9. What is meant by 'Political Party'? (1)CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +their organizational election and file their income tax return? (1) +9. What is meant by 'Political Party'? (1) +10. Which is the recently formed national party? Exa mine its objectives and present +status. (3) +11. Explain any three recent efforts made to reform political parties in India. (3) +12. Which three challenges do you feel are being fa ced by political parties in India? Give +your opinion. (3) +13. What is the difference between National and Reg ional party? (3) +14. What is a multi-party system? Explain the merits and demerits of a multi-party +system. (5) +15. Describe the role of Political Parties in India n democracy. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +Answers +1. d. Nationalist Congress Party +Explanation: Nationalist Congress Party (NCP): Formed in 1999 fo llowing a +split in the Congress party. Espouses democracy, Gan dhian secularism, equity, +social justice and federalism. +2. d. Full of TransparencyCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +split in the Congress party. Espouses democracy, Gan dhian secularism, equity, +social justice and federalism. +2. d. Full of Transparency +Explanation: There is no full transparency in political party. I n fact there is +Absence of Transparency. Since most of the parties do not practice transparent +procedures for their function, it becomes very diffi cult for ordinary members to +rise to the top in the party. +3. c. National Democratic Alliance +Explanation: Founded in 1980, Bharatiya Janata Party came to powe r in 1998 +as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance i ncluding several state and +regional parties. +4. d. Communist Party of India (CPI) +Explanation: Communist Party of India (CPI): Formed in 1925. Bel ieves in +Marxism-Leninism, secularism and democracy. Opposed to the forces of +secessionism and communalism. +5. b. 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c +Explanation: +i. The first challenge is lack of internal democrac y within parties.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +secessionism and communalism. +5. b. 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c +Explanation: +i. The first challenge is lack of internal democrac y within parties. +ii. The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one. +iii. The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in +parties, especially during elections. +iv. The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a +meaningful choice to the voters +6. National Congress Party was formed on 25th May 1999 after a split in the CongressParty over a dispute of Italian born Sonia Gandhi l eading the party. +7. Bharatiya Janta Party +8. Supreme Court +9. A group of people who come together to contest e lections and hold power in the +government is called political Party. +10. Nationalist Congress Party is the recently form ed national party after the split in +Congress in 1999. +i. Objectives of NCP: This party advocates democracy, Gandhian secularis m,CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +10. Nationalist Congress Party is the recently form ed national party after the split in +Congress in 1999. +i. Objectives of NCP: This party advocates democracy, Gandhian secularis m, +equality, justice and federalism. Wants that high of fices in government be +confined to natural born citizens of the country. +ii. Present Status : A major party in Maharashtra and has a significan t presence in +Meghalaya, Manipur and Assam. A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in +alliance with the Congress since 2004, a member of t he United Progressive +Alliance. +11. The following efforts have been made in the rec ent days to reform political parties in +India. +i. The Supreme Court of India has passed an order t o lower the adverse influence of +money and criminals. +ii. The Constitution was amended to prevent the mem bers of the Houses in +Parliament and Assembly, i.e. the MLAs and MPs from switching parties (anti- +defection law).CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +money and criminals. +ii. The Constitution was amended to prevent the mem bers of the Houses in +Parliament and Assembly, i.e. the MLAs and MPs from switching parties (anti- +defection law). +iii. The Election Commission of India passed an ord er making it necessary for political +parties to hold their organisational elections regu larly and to file their income tax +returns. +12. The three challenges faced by political parties in India are: +i. Lack of internal democracy. +ii. Challenge of dynastic succession. +iii. Growing role of money and muscle power.13. The differences between National and Regional P arty are +National Party Regional /State Party +National party influences the whole +country.Regional or State party's influence is +limited and region-based. +It takes national as well as international +issues.It is interested in promoting +regional/state interest only. +The party that secures at least 6% of the +total votes in the Lok Sabha elections orCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +It takes national as well as international +issues.It is interested in promoting +regional/state interest only. +The party that secures at least 6% of the +total votes in the Lok Sabha elections or +Assembly elections in 4 States and win at +least 4 seats in the Lok Sabha is +recognized as a national party.The party that secures at least 6% of the +total votes in an election to the +Legislative Assembly of a state and win +at least 2 seats in the State Assembly is +recognized as a state party. +Example: BJP, INC, CPI etc. Example: Shiv Sena, BJD etc . +14. In the Multi-party system, three or more parties are in the competition to gain control +of the government separately or in the coalition. W hen no single party gains majority +votes then several parties join and form a coalitio n government. Example-India. +Supporters of this system point out that it allows more points of view to be presented +in the government. +Merits:CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +votes then several parties join and form a coalitio n government. Example-India. +Supporters of this system point out that it allows more points of view to be presented +in the government. +Merits: +i. This system allows a variety of interests and op inions to enjoy political +representation. +ii. People can make a choice between several candid ates. +iii. In this system, people have an opportunity to m ake a choice between several +candidates. +iv. The Multi-party system means having more than t wo parties and they have a +reasonable chance of coming to power either on thei r own strength on in alliance +with others. +Demerits: +i. No one party is likely to gain power alone. Ther efore, it leads to difficulty in theformation of government. +ii. Leads to political instability and often appear s to be very messy. +15. Indian democracy has a multi-party system Polit ical Parties perform a series of +functions in our democracy. These are:CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +ii. Leads to political instability and often appear s to be very messy. +15. Indian democracy has a multi-party system Polit ical Parties perform a series of +functions in our democracy. These are: +i. Parties contest elections. Elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up +by the political parties. By winning the election, a political party can form the +government. +Sometimes more than two parties form a coalition an d form the government. +ii. Parties put forward different policies and prog rammes and the voters choose from +them. A large number of similar opinions are groupe d together to provide a +direction in which policies can be formulated by th e governments. A party reduces +a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic posit ions it supports. +iii. Parties play a decisive role in making laws fo r our country by making debate and +passing a law in the legislature for the country. +iv. Parties form and run government by recruiting l eaders, train them and makeCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (4).txt +passing a law in the legislature for the country. +iv. Parties form and run government by recruiting l eaders, train them and make +them ministers to run the government. +v. Parties shape public opinion by raising and high lighting important issues. Political +parties sometimes also launch movements for the res olution of problems faced by +people. +vi. Those parties that lose in the elections play t he role of opposition to the parties in +power by voicing different views and criticising go vernment for its failures or +wrong policies. +vii. Parties provide people access to government ma chinery and welfare schemes +implemented by governments. Parties have to be resp onsive to people’s needs and +demands otherwise people can reject those parties i n the next elections.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +1. Which party stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the dalits +and oppressed people? (1) +a. Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) +b. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) +c. Indian National Congress (INC) +d. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) +2. From the following which function is not perform ed by Political Party? (1) +a. In a democracy, a large number of similar opinion s have to be grouped together to +provide a direction in which policies can be formul ated by the governments. +b. Parties shape private opinion. +c. Parties provide people access to government mach inery and welfare scheme +d. Parties select their candidates in different way s. +3. Which of the following does not pertains to lack of internal democracy within +parties? (1) +a. Parties do not hold organisational meeting. +b. Parties keep membership registers. +c. concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +parties? (1) +a. Parties do not hold organisational meeting. +b. Parties keep membership registers. +c. concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top. +d. Parties conduct internal elections irregularly. +4. Identify the personality : +1. He was the Prime Minister of Italy. +2. He is also one of the top business man in Italy. (1) +a. Lenin +b. Nelson Mandela +c. Berlusconi +d. Karl Marx5. What is meant by one-party system? (1) +a. When one party is allowed to contest elections +b. One single person runs the parties +c. When the King rules the country +d. One single party runs the government +6. Which organisation does recognize 'Political Par ties' In India? (1) +7. What is the party system in the UK? (1) +8. What is the guiding philosophy of Bharatiya Jana ta Party proper? (1) +9. What are the main components of a political part y? (1) +10. Name the National political party that has been in power in West Bengal for 30 years?CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +9. What are the main components of a political part y? (1) +10. Name the National political party that has been in power in West Bengal for 30 years? +Write any two points related to this political part y. (3) +11. Name the national parties of India in a chronol ogical order. (3) +12. What is a political party? What are the componen ts of a political party? (3) +13. “Increasing the number of states or regional pa rties strengthen democracy in India”. +Justify the statement with suitable examples. (3) +14. Explain four basic elements of Political Party. (5) +15. Explain the role of regional political parties in Indian politics. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 05 +Chapter - 21 Political Parties +Answers +1. d. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) +Explanation: Bahujan Samaj Party seeks to represent and secure p ower for +the Bahujan Samaj which includes the Dalits, Adivasi s, OBCs and religious +minorities. It stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of theCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +the Bahujan Samaj which includes the Dalits, Adivasi s, OBCs and religious +minorities. It stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the +Dalits and oppressed people +2. b. Parties shape private opinion. +Explanation: Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highli ght issues. +3. b. Parties keep membership registers. +Explanation: The first challenge is lack of internal democracy w ithin parties. +All over the world there is a tendency in political parties towards the +concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top. Parties do not keep +membership registers, do not hold organisational mee tings, and do not conduct +internal elections regularly. +4. c. Berlusconi +Explanation: Berlusconi was the Prime Minister of Italy. He is a lso one of the +top businessmen in Italy. He is the leader of the F orza Italia founded in 1993. +5. d. One single party runs the government +Explanation: In some countries only one party is allowed to cont rol and runCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +5. d. One single party runs the government +Explanation: In some countries only one party is allowed to cont rol and run +the government. These are called one-party systems. +6. Election Commission of India recognizes ‘Politica l Parties’ in India and more than 750 +parties are registered with the Election Commission of India. +7. In UK is Multi-party system is prevalent. +8. i. Cultural Nationalism. +ii. India's ancient culture and values. +iii. A uniform civil code for all people living in the country irrespective of religion.9. i. The leader +ii. The active members +iii. The followers +10. Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M) +i. Founded in 1964. Believes in Marxism-Leninism, su pports socialism, and +secularism. +ii. Accepts democratic elections as a useful means for securing the objective of socio- +economic justice in India. +iii. Has been in power in West Bengal without a bre ak for 30 years. +iv. It is anti-colonialism and promotes social and economic justice.,CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +economic justice in India. +iii. Has been in power in West Bengal without a bre ak for 30 years. +iv. It is anti-colonialism and promotes social and economic justice., +v. They believe that revolution can come about thro ugh an alliance with workers +and peasants +11. The six national parties in chronological order are: +i. Indian National Congress – 1885 +ii. Communist Party of India – 1925 +iii. Communist Party of India (Marxist) - 1964 +iv. Bhartiya Janta Party- 1980 +v. Bahujan Samaj Party – 1984 +vi. Nationalist Congress Party – 1999 +12. Political Party: A political party is a group of people who come tog ether to contest +elections and hold power in the government. Always political parties take some +policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. +There are different views on what is good for the s ociety and people. Every political +party wants to persuade people why their policies a re better than other parties andCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +There are different views on what is good for the s ociety and people. Every political +party wants to persuade people why their policies a re better than other parties and +try to win the support of people. +Three Components of a Political Party: +i. The Leaders Every political party has some promi nent leaders who formulate +policies and programmes of the party and choose can didates for contesting +elections. +ii. The Active Members They are involved in differe nt committees of the party and +participate directly in their activity.iii. The Followers They believe in the party’s ideol ogy and support the party by +casting their votes in favour of the party at the t ime of election. +13. India is federal country and the powers of the government are divided into different +levels. Decentralization of power means expansion o f democracy. If the number of +state or regional parties is increasing it means th e people of our country are becomingCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +levels. Decentralization of power means expansion o f democracy. If the number of +state or regional parties is increasing it means th e people of our country are becoming +more aware and they are not happy with the working of existing political parties. In +these days regional parties have a say in political policies as they win elections in +their states. The national political parties have t o take help of the regional parties to +win the elections or to form the government. The ri se of collision governments +broadened the concept of popular participation. It also strengthens the federal system +of the democracy. +i. They provide a variety of choice to people as th ey each have different agendas and +focus on separate issues. +ii. They provide a platform for different pressure and social groups and communities +to put forward their demands. +iii. They help in power-sharing by sharing power of government with the help of +coalition government.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +to put forward their demands. +iii. They help in power-sharing by sharing power of government with the help of +coalition government. +14. Political party is an organised group of people having common ideology whose main +aim to contest in elections, come to power and retai n power. +Following are the basic elements of a political par ty: +i. National and Regional Interest: Political partie s have national and regional +interests. Their main aim is to promote national in terests. +ii. Constitutional Interest: A political party must follow the constitutional means in a +peaceful manner in order to capture political power . +iii. Organisation: The member of political party wi th concern interest forms a +organization that is political party. +iv. Common Aim: Its members must have a similar and unanimous opinion regarding +public matters and issues +v. It must have a proper organisational structure t hat would include a leader, activeCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +iv. Common Aim: Its members must have a similar and unanimous opinion regarding +public matters and issues +v. It must have a proper organisational structure t hat would include a leader, active +members who are strongly associated with it holding positions within the party. +vi. A political party must represent national inter est and must be broad in its outlook, +it must have an ideology that must encompass variou s sections and interests of the +country. It must not be elitist in its approach rat her must have mass following.vii. A party must resort to constitutional methods like elections to come to power and +must not resort to unconstitutional means +15. Apart from the national parties, most of the maj or parties of the country are classified +by the Election Commission of India as ‘state partie s.' These are also referred to as +regional parties. The following points explain the role of regional political parties in +Indian politicsCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +by the Election Commission of India as ‘state partie s.' These are also referred to as +regional parties. The following points explain the role of regional political parties in +Indian politics +i. These parties need not always be regional in the ir ideology. Parties like All India +Trinamool Congress, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Samajwadi P arty, Samata Party, have a +national level political organisation with units pr esent in several states. +Some parties like Mizo National Front and Biju Jana ta Dal, are conscious about +their state identity. +ii. Since 1996, there has been no national party tha t was able to secure on its own a +majority in Indian Lok Sabha. The national parties have been compelled to form +an alliance with the state parties to come to power . Thus, this has helped in the +increase in the number and strength of the regional parties. This, in turn, has +contributed to the federalism and democracy in our country being further +strengthened.CHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +increase in the number and strength of the regional parties. This, in turn, has +contributed to the federalism and democracy in our country being further +strengthened. +iii. This situation is applicable to state politics as well. If a party is unable to win the +required number of seats in the Legislative Assembl y, a coalition among a number +of regional and/or national parties is the only opt ion. +iv. If a regional party has a stronghold in the cen tre, the region from which the party +hails will automatically get a solid platform and a gain this could be detrimental to +the conditions in the other states. +v. Regional parties play a vital role in Indian pol itics and their influence is important +in the Central Government planning process and deci sions, apart from their +significance in particular region or state. In the 16th Lok Sabha election, Bharatiya +Janata Party got an absolute majority which made th e end of the era of CoalitionCHAPTER 9-POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-POLITICAL PARTIES - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +significance in particular region or state. In the 16th Lok Sabha election, Bharatiya +Janata Party got an absolute majority which made th e end of the era of Coalition +Government in centre. This emphatic victory has re- opened the question of +[alliance amongst regional parties in our country.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +1. Which of the following is a normal species? (1) +a. Rodents +b. Desert fox +c. Indian wild ass +d. Nicobar pigeon +2. Which of the following is a vulnerable species? (1) +a. Mithun +b. Hornbill +c. Gangetic dolphin +d. Asiatic Cheetah +3. Which of the following states have a very high p ercentage of their forests as unclassed +forests managed by local communities? (1) +a. All Western states and parts of Gujarat. +b. All Central states and parts of Gujarat. +c. All North-Eastern states and parts of West Benga l. +d. All Northern-Eastern states and parts of Gujarat . +4. The species which are not found after searches o f known or likely areas where they +may occur. (1) +a. Extinct species +b. Normal species +c. Rare species +d. Endangered species +5. Plants of a particular region or period are refe rred to as _________. (1) +a. Ecosystemb. Fauna +c. Biodiversity +d. Flora +6. Name any four endemic species. (1) +7. What is JFM? (1)CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +5. Plants of a particular region or period are refe rred to as _________. (1) +a. Ecosystemb. Fauna +c. Biodiversity +d. Flora +6. Name any four endemic species. (1) +7. What is JFM? (1) +8. Name any four endangered species. (1) +9. Name any four normal species. (1) +10. Differentiate between extinct species and endan gered species. (3) +11. Why is subsistence agriculture still practised in certain parts of the country? Give +reasons. (3) +12. How does indiscriminate deforestation affect th e ecosystem? (3) +13. Write down the features of the protected forest s. (3) +14. What steps must be taken to preserve the natura l vegetation? (5) +15. How forests are useful to man? (5)CBSE Test Paper - 01 +Chapter - 10 Forest and Wildlife Resources +Answers +1. a. Rodents +Explanation: Rodents is a normal species +2. c. Gangetic dolphin +Explanation: Gangetic dolphin is a vulnerable species. +3. d. All Northern-Eastern states and parts of Guja rat.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +1. a. Rodents +Explanation: Rodents is a normal species +2. c. Gangetic dolphin +Explanation: Gangetic dolphin is a vulnerable species. +3. d. All Northern-Eastern states and parts of Guja rat. +Explanation: All Northern-Eastern states and parts of Gujarat h ave a very +high percentage of their forests as unclassed fores ts managed by local +communities. +4. a. Extinct species +Explanation: Extinct species: The species which are not found a fter searches +of known or likely areas where they may occur. +5. d. Flora +Explanation: Plants of a particular region or period are referr ed to as Flora. +6. Four endemic species are Andaman Teal, Nicobar Pi geon, Andaman Wild Pig, Mithun +in Arunachal Pradesh. +7. In India, joint forest management(JFM) programme furnishes a good example for +involving local communities in the management and r estoration of degraded forests. +8. Black Buck, crocodile, Indian Ass, Indian Rhino. +9. Cattle, Sal, Pine and Rodent. +10. +Extinct Species Endangered SpeciesCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +8. Black Buck, crocodile, Indian Ass, Indian Rhino. +9. Cattle, Sal, Pine and Rodent. +10. +Extinct Species Endangered Species +1. These are the species which are not found after +search of known or likely areas where they may1. These are the species +which are in danger ofaccrue. extinction. +2. Example: Asiatic Cheetah, Pink Headed Duck.2. The examples of such +species are black buck, +crocodile. +11. i. Small farmers have smaller landholdings whic h are uneconomical. +ii. Poor farmers don’t have fertilizers and high yie lding variety of seeds. Surplus +production is needed to be stored in granaries but storage facilities are +inadequate. +iii. In India till date, agriculture is dependent on monsoon where sufficient irrigation +facilities are not available. +iv. Most of the food production is for the small fa rmers’ own consumption as they +practise subsistence farming. +12. The process of clearing of forests by cutting o r burning of trees is known asCHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +iv. Most of the food production is for the small fa rmers’ own consumption as they +practise subsistence farming. +12. The process of clearing of forests by cutting o r burning of trees is known as +deforestation. Indiscriminate deforestation affect our ecosystem in the following +ways: +i. In India, large areas of forests have been cleare d for cultivation and settlement. +ii. The growth of population has increased the pres sure on human occupancy of +land. +iii. Hence, the depletion of forests affects the eco system, and as a result, soil erosion +occurs. It has affected the climate of areas. It ha s also caused floods in many areas. +13. i. Protected forests are protected from further depletion. +ii. Almost one-third of total forest area is protec ted forest, as declared by forest +department. +iii. The forests of Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal P radesh, Orissa and Rajasthan +fall under this category. +14. Following steps should be taken to preserve the natural vegetation:CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +department. +iii. The forests of Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal P radesh, Orissa and Rajasthan +fall under this category. +14. Following steps should be taken to preserve the natural vegetation: +i. Cutting of the trees in the forests must be stop ped. The government has taken +adequate steps in this direction. Forest department has been created for this +purpose. Laws have been implemented to punish the p ersons who are found +guility of cutting of trees. Awareness among the pe ople is more important.Without this awareness result cannot be satisfactor y. +ii. The people must cooperate to check the felling of trees. Their active participation +is most important in this regard. Many people have must come forward for this +task. +iii. Necessary wood for industrial purposes and for other activities must be acquired +in a well-planned manner, so that industrial growth and environment protection +both can be achieved.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +task. +iii. Necessary wood for industrial purposes and for other activities must be acquired +in a well-planned manner, so that industrial growth and environment protection +both can be achieved. +iv. Wherever the trees have been cut for any reason , new saplings of trees must be +planted to maintain the ecological balance. +v. Festivals like Vanmahotsava should be celebrated everywhere. It would help in +growing the awareness. +15. Forests are useful in the following ways: +i. The wood that we get from the forests is importa nt for building and construction +purposes, for domestic furniture and for fuel. +ii. The raw materials for paper industry, match-maki ng and sport materials are +mainly derived from the forests. +iii. The sandalwood, gums, rasins, tarpaulin oil etc. are extracted from the forest +products. Besides these products, the forests yield many other useful products +such as herbs, lac, honey etc.CHAPTER 12-GEOGRAPHY-FOREST AND WILDLIFE REOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (3).txt +iii. The sandalwood, gums, rasins, tarpaulin oil etc. are extracted from the forest +products. Besides these products, the forests yield many other useful products +such as herbs, lac, honey etc. +iv. Grass grown in forests is used for grazing the cattle, sheep, camel etc. To a great +extent, the shortage for fodder is also made up by t hese forests. +v. They play a major role in enhancing the quality of environment. They modify local +climate. They help in controlling soil erosion.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 22 Outcomes of Democracy +1. Which of the following is/are the most basic out come of democracy? +i. It produces a government that is accountable to the citizens. +ii. Responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens. +iii. it is neither accountable nor responsive +Choose the most appropriate option. (1) +a. i and ii +b. i only +c. i, ii and iii +d. ii only +2. Which of the following point does not justify th at the democracy is better? (1) +a. Promotes equality among citizens +b. Improves the quantity of decision-making; +c. Provides a method to resolve conflicts +d. Enhances the dignity of the individual +3. Democracies are very much different from each ot her in terms of which factor(s)? +i. their social situations +ii. their economic achievements +iii. their cultures. +Choose the correct one. (1) +a. i and ii +b. i, ii and iii +c. Only iii +d. i and iii4. ______ lag behind _____ in terms of economic gro wth. (1)CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +iii. their cultures. +Choose the correct one. (1) +a. i and ii +b. i, ii and iii +c. Only iii +d. i and iii4. ______ lag behind _____ in terms of economic gro wth. (1) +a. Communal-ism, Democracies +b. Monarchy, Democracies +c. Democracies, Dictatorships +d. Dictatorships, Democracies +5. In a democratic system, the inability to achieve ______ often worries us. (1) +a. Lesser economic progress +b. Moderate economic development +c. Higher economic development +d. Lesser economic development +6. Suggest the main features of dictatorship. (1) +7. To whom a democratic government is responsible? (1) +8. Name the law which empowers the people to find o ut what is happening +in government? (1) +9. In which neighbouring country of India is democr acy not preferred over +dictatorship? (1) +10. When is democracy considered successful? Explain . (3) +11. Why is a democratic government considered less efficient? Give any three +reasons. (3)CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +dictatorship? (1) +10. When is democracy considered successful? Explain . (3) +11. Why is a democratic government considered less efficient? Give any three +reasons. (3) +12. i. What is the most basic outcomes of democracy ? +ii. Why are there delays in decision-making in demo cracies? +iii. Mention any two issues on which democracy has failed. (3) +13. Why has political funding become a threat to de mocracy? (3) +14. Which factors sustain democracy in India? (5) +15. How do people take part in decision making in d emocracy? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 04 +Chapter - 22 Outcomes of Democracy +Answers +1. a. i and ii +Explanation: Democracy produces a government that is accountable to the +citizens. It is answerable to the citizens and Resp onsive to the needs and +expectations of the citizens. +2. b. Improves the quantity of decision-making; +Explanation: Democracy Improves the quality of decision- making. +3. b. i, ii and iiiCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +expectations of the citizens. +2. b. Improves the quantity of decision-making; +Explanation: Democracy Improves the quality of decision- making. +3. b. i, ii and iii +Explanation: Democracies are very much different from each other in terms +of their social situations, their economic achieveme nts and their cultures +4. c. Democracies, Dictatorships +Explanation: If all democracies and all dictatorships for the fi fty years +between 1950 and 2000 are taken into consideration, dictatorships have slightly +higher rate of economic growth. +5. c. Higher economic development +Explanation: If all democracies and all dictatorships for the fi fty years +between 1950 and 2000 are taken into consideration, dictatorships have slightly +higher rate of economic growth. The inability of de mocracy to achieve higher +economic development worries us. +6. The main features of dictatorship are: +i. No Constitution +ii. Monopoly overpower +iii. No value of public opinionCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +economic development worries us. +6. The main features of dictatorship are: +i. No Constitution +ii. Monopoly overpower +iii. No value of public opinion +iv. No individual has freedom or dignity +v. Dictator's decision is supreme. +7. A democratic government is responsible to the pe ople as the representatives of thedemocratic government are elected by the people. De mocracy produces a government +that is accountable to the citizens. +8. Right to Information Act +9. In Pakistan, democracy is not preferred over dict atorship as only 37% of people prefer +democracy. +10. Democracy is considered to be successful when: +i. The government is accountable to the people, resp onsive to the needs and +expectations of the citizens. +ii. It ensures economic growth and development. +iii. There is a reduction in inequality and poverty . +iv. The rulers elected by the people take all major decisions and not the rich and +powerful. +v. The elections offer a free choice and opportunit y to the people.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +iv. The rulers elected by the people take all major decisions and not the rich and +powerful. +v. The elections offer a free choice and opportunit y to the people. +vi. The choice is made available to all the people based on political equality. +11. i. Deliberations and discussions in the legisla ture consumes lot of time. +ii. The worries of majority and public opinion stan ds as a big obstacle in the efficient +working of the government. +iii. Deliberations and negations can cause delay in taking decisions or getting the +plans executed. This also adversely affects efficie ncy. +12. i. Democracy produces a government that should be accountable to the citizens and +responsive to the needs and expectation of the citi zens. This is the very basic +outcome of a democratic government. +ii. The ideas of deliberation and negotiation are t he basic pillars of democracy. So, +there is bound to be some delay in a democracy that results from decision-making +and its implementation.CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +ii. The ideas of deliberation and negotiation are t he basic pillars of democracy. So, +there is bound to be some delay in a democracy that results from decision-making +and its implementation. +iii. a. Democracy often ignores the demands of the majority of its population. +b. It cannot even control the increasing corruption in society. +13. Money is needed for the election process and al so to run a political party. Most +political parties are dependent on money given by b ig business houses. In return, if +these parties happen to win in the elections, these business houses will expect somekind of favour from the government. That's why the poor and middle classes do not +agree to participate in the electoral process. Henc e, a majority of people keep away +from politics and have little voice in politics. +14. We assess democracy’s outcome on the basis of it s comparative outlook and socio- +economic and political achievements like:CHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +from politics and have little voice in politics. +14. We assess democracy’s outcome on the basis of it s comparative outlook and socio- +economic and political achievements like: +i. Comparative analysis between democracy and dicta torship. +ii. It provides accountable, responsible, representat ive and legitimate government. +iii. It develops a mechanism for the people’s partic ipation in the decision-making +process. +iv. It promotes economic development. At the same t ime, democracy has the +characteristics of economic inequality and disparit ies. +v. We can also assess its outcome on the basis of t he way it accommodates the social +diversities. +vi. It also promotes dignity and freedom of the cit izens. +15. i. Decisions are made by the representatives el ected by the people. These +representatives represent the ideas and opinions of those voters who have elected +them to take decisions on their behalf. +ii. In a democracy, if people want to know whether a decision was taken throughCHAPTER 10 -POLITICAL SCIENCE-CIVICS-OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY - QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (2).txt +them to take decisions on their behalf. +ii. In a democracy, if people want to know whether a decision was taken through +correct procedure, they can find this out. this is c alled Transparency. In this way, +they have some degree of control over the whole pro cess of decision making. +iii. In a democracy people have the right and means to examine the process of +decision making. +iv. Sometimes important issues are put forward by t he government for public debate +before a decision is taken. +v. Demonstration, movement, pressure groups, etc. prov ide means in the hands of +people to influence decision making.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +1. Iltutmish constructed a water tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi in the 14th Century to supply +water to ______ (1) +a. red fort +b. Hawa mahal +c. siri fort +d. Tajmahal +2. Fresh water on the surface is recharged through a process called ___________ (1) +a. rivers +b. humidity +c. precipitation +d. hydrological cycle +3. Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the (1) +a. wealth of India +b. temples of modern India +c. proud of India +d. gates of India +4. Roof top rain water harvesting is the most commo n practice in (1) +a. Shillong, Meghalaya +b. Pune, Maharashtra +c. Bangalore, Karnataka +d. Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh +5. The reservoirs that are created on the floodplai ns also submerge_______________. (1) +a. lakes and ponds +b. Tribal areas in Narmada valley. +c. the existing vegetation +d. plain regions and its wild life +6. Name the village in Karnataka which has earned a rare distinction of being rich inCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +b. Tribal areas in Narmada valley. +c. the existing vegetation +d. plain regions and its wild life +6. Name the village in Karnataka which has earned a rare distinction of being rich in +rainwater. (1) +7. Name the hydraulic structure that was constructe d by Iltutmish in the 14th century forsupplying water to the Siri Fort area. (1) +8. Why has bamboo drip irrigation system been insta lled in Meghalaya? (1) +9. Name the oldest water harvesting system channeli ng the flood water of river Ganga. (1) +10. Describe any three traditional methods of rainw ater harvesting adopted in different +parts of India. (3) +11. Gujarat and Maharashtra have many river water d ams and reservoirs but these states +were flooded extensively in 2006. What was the reas on? (3) +12. Give three reasons for water scarcity in post-i ndependence India. (3) +13. i. A feature is shown by an alphabet A on the g iven political map of India. Identify andCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +12. Give three reasons for water scarcity in post-i ndependence India. (3) +13. i. A feature is shown by an alphabet A on the g iven political map of India. Identify and +write the correct name of this feature on the line drawn on the map as per the given +hint. (3) +a. A Dam +ii. on the same map of India locate and label the f ollowing items with appropriate +symbols: +a. A Dam on River Narmada +b. A Dam on River Tungabhadra +14. Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid r egions of Rajasthan is carried out. (5) +15. Why is roof top water harvesting important in R ajasthan? Explain. (5)CBSE Test Paper - 03 +Chapter - 11 Water Resources +Answers +1. c. siri fort +Explanation: Iltutmish constructed a water tank in hauz Khas ,Del hi in the 14th +Century to supply water to siri fort. +2. d. hydrological cycle +Explanation: This freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and +ground water that is continually being renewed and recharged through theCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +2. d. hydrological cycle +Explanation: This freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and +ground water that is continually being renewed and recharged through the +hydrological cycle. This water cycle as it is other wise called, includes evaporation, +condensation and precipitation. +3. b. temples of modern India +Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of +modern India’; the reason being that it would integra te development of +agriculture and the village economy with rapid indu strialisation and growth of the +urban economy. +4. a. Shillong, Meghalaya +Explanation: Roof top rain water harvesting is the most common p ractice in +Shillong, Meghalaya. It is interesting because Chera punjee and Mawsynram +situated at a distance of 55 km. +5. c. the existing vegetation. +Explanation: The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge +the existing vegetation and soil leading to its dec omposition over a period of +time.CHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +5. c. the existing vegetation. +Explanation: The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge +the existing vegetation and soil leading to its dec omposition over a period of +time. +6. Gendathur a remote backward village in Mysuru, Ka rnataka. +7. In the 14th Century, the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Iltutmish for +supplying water to Siri Fort area. +8. It has been installed to tap spring and stream w ater by using bamboo pipes. Bamboo +pipes are used to divert perennial springs on the h illtops to the lower reaches bygravity. +9. Sringaverapura near Allahabad the oldest water h arvesting system channeling the +flood water of river Ganga. +10. i. In hilly and mountainous regions, people buil d diversion channels like 'gul' or 'kul' +in Western Himalaya for agriculture. +ii. Rainwater harvesting is a technology used to co llect, convey and store rain for +later use from relatively clean surfaces such as a roof, land surface or rockCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +ii. Rainwater harvesting is a technology used to co llect, convey and store rain for +later use from relatively clean surfaces such as a roof, land surface or rock +catchment. Roof-top rainwater harvesting was common ly practised to store +drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan and Gujara t. +iii. In West Bengal, people develop inundation chann els to irrigate their fields +iv. In semi-arid regions, agricultural fields are co nverted into rainfed storage +structures that allow the water to stand and moiste n the soil like the ‘khadins’ in +Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan. +11. The main reasons behind this incident are: +i. These floods were caused by the heaviest ever re corded 24 hours of rainfall. +ii. Reservoirs obstruct the river sediments to free flow and these subside on the floor +of the reservoir and raise the water level conseque ntly. +iii. When heavy rainfall occurs, the dams aggravate the flood situation by openingCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +of the reservoir and raise the water level conseque ntly. +iii. When heavy rainfall occurs, the dams aggravate the flood situation by opening +water gates to avoid breaching the embankment. Such a situation happened in +Gujarat and Maharashtra in 2006. +12. Three reasons for water scarcity in India are: +i. Post-independence India has witnessed intensive industrialization and +urbanization which increased water demand. +ii. Large urban centres with large and dense popula tion and urban lifestyles have +only added to water requirement. The problem has be en compounded with +increased concretization due to urban development t hat has choked groundwater +resources. Water is neither being recharged nor sto red in ways that optimize its +use while retaining the natural ingredients of wate r. +iii. Population explosion after independence led to over-exploitation of undergroundCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +use while retaining the natural ingredients of wate r. +iii. Population explosion after independence led to over-exploitation of underground +water for irrigation. India is among the top grower s of agricultural produce in theworld and therefore the consumption of water for ir rigation is amongst the +highest. Traditional techniques of irrigation cause maximum water loss due to +evaporation, drainage, percolation, water conveyance a nd excess use of +groundwater. +13. +14. Rainwater harvesting in the semi-arid regions o f Rajasthan is carried out in the +following way: +i. Rooftop rain water harvesting is commonly practi ced to store water. +ii. In arid and semi- arid regions, agricultural fie lds were converted into rain-fed +storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the'khadins' in Jaisalmer and 'Johads' in other parts of Rajasthan. +iii. In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan , particularly in Bikaner, PhalodiCHAPTER 13-GEOGRAPHY-WATER RESOURCES- QUESTION PAPER-WORKSHEET (8).txt +iii. In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan , particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi +and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas +for storing water. +iv. In western Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop ra inwater harvesting is on the +decline as plenty of water is available due to the perennial Rajasthan Canal, +though some houses still maintain the tankas since they do not like the taste of tap +water. +15. Roof top water harvesting is important in Rajas than because of the following reasons: +i. In Rajasthan, the temperature is very high and ev aporation is also high. moreover, +it is a desert region and rainfall is very low. so the residents of Rajasthan came up +with rooftop rainwater harvesting. rainwater is col lected by using pipes from +slanting roofs. +ii. There is a lack of perennial rivers in Rajastha n. +iii. The rainfall is not reliable in this region. +iv. It was commonly practised to store drinking wat er. 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