V 













































































































































































































































































THE 


PANTHEON. 


? 


Reprefenting the 

F abulous Hist orie s 


OF THE 


HEATHEN 


GODS 


AND 


# 

Moft Illuftrious FI e r o e s : 


J-N 


A Short, Plain, and Familiar Method, 

by Way of Dialogue. 

\ • 

Reviled, Corrected, A mendedj and llluftrated 
V with new Copper Cuts of the feveral Deities. 


For the Ufe of Schools. 


By 


N 


TOO ICE, 


M 


late Profeilorof Geometry in Grejbam College, and 
Matter of the Charter-House-School'. 


Printed 

B. 


LONDON: 

for C. Bathurst, J. F. and C. Rivington, 
Law, G. Keith, G. Robinson, 

and R. Baldwin, 

MDCCLXXXL 







1'he Parts of tl ■:, Work.' 

T H E Approach of the Pantheon 

PART I. 

Of the Celeflial or Heavenly Gods 
The Celeftial Goddefles «■ ■ 

PAR T II, 

4 

Of the Terreflrial or Earthly Gods 

The Terreflrial Goddefles - 

The Goddefles of the Woods •*— 

The Nymphs - _ 

The Inferior Deities 


Page i 


ib 

86 


*37 

167 

209 

i 2 


PART III. 

% 

Of the Marine Gods, or Gods of the Sea 
The Monflers of the Sea 


PART IV, 


Of the Infernal Deities 
The Fates 
The Furies 
The Judges of Hell 




The molt famous of the 
The Monflers of Hell 
The Elyjian Fields 


Condemn’d in Hell 




239 


243 

257 

*59 

262 

263 

zyz 

2 75 


i # 


P A R T V. . 

Of the Subordinate and Mifcellaneous Deities 

• • 

PART VI, 

Of the Adfcriptitibus Gods, Demi-Gods, atid Heroes 
An Ai^endix of the Virtues and Vices which have 
deify 9 d 


z 77 


294 

been 

341 








TO 




t 

♦ 



T O T H £ 

* 

* 

» • / 

READER. 

% 

confefs'd , i/W already many Books pub- 

UJbed on the prefent Subject, two or three of which 
ere in our own Tongue ; and thofe, without doubts willy 
by Jo?He Men, be thought enough : But fince this can be the 
Opinion but of a few, and thofe unexperienced People, it 
has been judg’d 7nor? proper to regard the Advice of many 
grave Perforis of known Skill in the Art of Teaching; 
who, though they tmt/l acknowledge that Goodwin, in his 
Antiquities, has done very well in the Whole , yet car?t 
but own that he has been too Jhort in this Point ; That 
Rofle alfo, tho* he deferves Commendation for his Mytho- 
■'logy, is yet very tedious, and as much too large ; and that 
Galtruchius, as D’Afligny has traiijlatcd and diJPd him 
out to us, is fo confufed and arilefs in his Method, as well 
as unfortunate in his Corrections, that it in no wife an - 
fwers the Purpofe it was defign d for \ and hereupon this 
Work was recommended to be tranjlated, being firjl well 
Approved by learned Gentlemen, as is above-mentioned, for 
its eafy Method, and agreeable Plainncfs. BeJides, it 
having been written by fo learned a P erf on, and that for 
the TJfe^ offo great a Prince, and fo universally received in 
our neighbour Nations > as to have fold fevcral Imprejftons 
in a Jhort Time, there was no room to doubt of its in sing well 
receiv’d here . As for the Shiotatioris out of the Latin Poets, 
it was conftder’d a while, whether they Jlmdd be tranjlated 
or not, but it was, at lajl,judg’d proper to print the?n in 
.Englifh, cither from thofe who already render’d than well, 
or, where they could not be had , to give a new Tran (la- 

A 2 fan 



1 

' .To the Reader. 

ZtlfTp i] l at f° 1 nothin S. of the -whole Work might he 

ttf r7Tl beE A ds “fthfPzges^Seaions, or Chap! 
Connexion dj/lurb'd, and thereby a ConfuffE 

created in the Vnderflandings of fome of thofeyounger Soho 
hors, into whsfe Rands it was hut bv fur/, I f Ml r 

Verfe^ Mixture of Engli/h and, Latin, of Pjofe and 

r tfliTfW, ** c r dt ” °" d 

f!%€ eS j haV l jT amoved , : and fuch perplex'd. Periods 
rectified a s had'been-found either to caufe Mi funderfland- 

jfctf h. ^ thor \ 'Mflning,' or to lead. thf Scholar into' 

? 'Whj* **df#nficam Ind£' inflead f a • ffft' 
faZlJuMhe ffr * h l S In * r ‘lH, whereby any Thing v 

Maflers who-have made ife hereof in their Schoolsl ■ 


• » 




Charter-fjoufe, 

June 30^713. 


r • 


• * < 


« 4 


J • * * i 


AN DR JEW To OK’E, 

^ » 



I 


C H A P. I. 

• t # t % 

The Approach to the Pahtheoh. The Original of 

Idol A try. 


PAL/EOPHILTJS. 



HAT Sort of-Building is that before 
.us, of fo unufual, a Figure ? For, t 
think it is round, unlefs the Diftance 
deceives my Sight. 

• Myjlagogus. You ate not deceived* 
It is a Place well defcrving to he vifued 
in this, the §)iicen of Cities. Let us go and view it, 
before we go to any other Place. 

P, What is,its Name? 

M. The Fabulous Pantheon, * That is, the Temple of 
the Heathen Gods^ which the fuperflitious Folly of all 
Men hath feigned,- cither through a grofs Ignorance 
of the true and only God, or through a deteftable 
Contempt of him. ‘ . 

P . What was the Occafiop of the feigning of many 
Gods? 



B M\ Many 

* *\ 

i 




2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

• ' . ♦ 

M. Many Caufes thereof may be afiigned, but a thefe 
four were the principal ones, upon which, as upon fo 
many PiJIarsj the whole Frame of the Fabrick depends. 

I. The firji Caufe of Idolatry wen the extreme Folly b 
and Vain-glory of Men , who have denied to Him , who 
is the inexhaufted Fountain of all jGood, the Honours, 
which they have attributed to muddy Streams: Digg- 
ingy c as the holy Prophet complains, to themfelves 
broken and dirty CifternSy and neglecting and forfaking 
the mojl pure Fountain of living Waters* It ordinarily 
happened after this Manner: d if any one did excel" 
in Stature of Body; if he was endued with Great- 
nefs of Mind ; or noted for Clearnefs of e Wit, he fir ft 
gained to himfelf the Admiration of the ignorant Vul¬ 
gar, which.Admiration was by Degrees turned into a 
profound Refpeil; till at length they paid him greater 
Honour than Men;ought to receive, and aferibed the 
Man into ,the Number of the Gods ; whiift the more 
Prudent were, either carried away, by the.Torrent .of 
the vulgar Opinion, or were unable, or at leaft afraid,, 
to refift it. 

2. Fhe fordid Flattery of Subjects towards their Princes 
was a fecond Caufe of Idolatry . For, to gratify their Va- 
nity, to flatter their Pride, and to footh them in their 
Self-conceit, they ere&ed Altars, and fet the Images 
of their Princes on them ; to which they offered In- 
cenfe, in like Manner as to their Gods ; f and ma¬ 
ny Times alfo, while they were yet living. 

3. A third Caufe of Idolatry was an 8 immoderate 
Love of Immortality in jnany^ who ftudied to attain to. 
it, by leaving Effigies of themfelves behind them ; 


a ‘Vid. Eufeb. La&ant. Clem. Auguft. Plat. Cic. b Sap. 
xiv. 14. c Jerem. ii. 13. d Diodor. lib. 17. Plutarch, in 
Lyfand. c Val. Max. 1 . 8. c. ult. Cic. de. rep. apud. Aug. 
3. de civ. cap. 15. f A then, lib, 6. dcipnofoph. cap. 6. 
de Demctrio Poliorcete. Sucton, in Julio, c. 76. Sc 84. 
s Pontan. 1 , 1. c, dc Saturn, 

ima- 

♦ 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 

imagining that their Names would ftill be preferved 
from the Power of Death and Time, fo long as they 
lived in Brafs, or, as it were, breathed in living Sta¬ 
tues of Marble* after their Funerals. 

4. h A prepojlerous Defire of perpetuating the Memo¬ 
ries of excellent and ufeful Me?i to future Ages, was the 
fourth Caufe of Idolatry . i For, to make the Memory 
of fuch Men eternal, and their Names immortal, 
they made them Gods, or rather called them fo. 

P. But, who was the firfl Contriver and Affertor 
ofFalfeGods? 

At. k Ninus , the firft King of the AJfyrians , was, as 
it is reported j who, to render the Name of his Fa¬ 
ther Belus , or Nimrod , immortal, worfhipped him 
with Divine Honour after his Death. 

P. When, and in what Manner,* do they fay that 
happened ? 

At. I will tell you. After that Ninus had conquered 
many Nations far and near, and built the City, called, 
after his Name, Nineveh 5 in a public Aflembly of the 
Babylonians , he extolled his Father Belus , the Founder 
of the City and Empire of Babylon , beyond all Meafure, 
as his Manner was; and reprefenting him, not only wor¬ 
thy 6f perpetual Honour among all Pofterity, but of an 
Immortality alfo among the Gods above : Then he ex¬ 
hibited a Statue of him, that was curioufly and neatly 
made, to which he commanded them to pay the fame 
Reverence that they would have given to Belus alive ; 
and, appointing it to be a common Sanfluary to the 
miferable, he ordained. That if at any Time an Offender 
fhould fly to this Statue, it fhould not be lawful to 
force him away from thence to Punifhmcnt. This . 
Privilege eafily procured fo great a Veneration to the 
dead Prince, that he was thought more than a Man, 

% 

h Thucydid. I. 7. Plutarch. Apophth. Lacon. 4. Cic. x• 
de nat. Dcor. 1. Sap. 14, 15. 1 Vid. Annul. Salian. anno 
2000, k Hier. in Ezcciu & in Ofeam. 

JB 2 


and 



Sp Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

and therefore was created a God, and called Jupiter % 
or, as others write, Saturn of Babylon ; where a moft 
magnificent Temple was eredfed to him by his Son, 
and dedicated with Variety of Sacrifices in the two 
t.houfandth Year of the Woild, which was the laft 
Year but one of the Life of Noah . And from thence* 
as from a Peftilential Head, the Sacrilegious Plague of 
Idols palled, by a Kind of Contagion, into other Na¬ 
tions, and difperfed itfelf every where about. 

P, What! Did all other Nations of the World 
worfhip BelusP 

M. All, indeed, did not Worfhip Belus ; but, after 
this Beginning of Idolatry, feveral Nations formed to 
themfelves feveral Gods; receiving into that Number 
not only mortal and dead Men, but Brutes alfo ; and, 
which is a greater Wonder, even the moft: mean and 
pitiful inanimate Things. For, it is evident, from the 
Authority of innumerable Writers, that the Africans 
worfhipped the Heavens, as a God ; the Perfians adored 
Fire, Water, and the Winds; the Lybians , the Sun and 
Moon; the Thebans, Sheep'and Weefels: the Babylo- 
Hans of Memphis , a Whale; the Inhabitants of Men des 9 
a Goat; the Thejfalians , Storks ; the Syrophcenicians y 
Doves ; the Egyptians , Dogs, Cats, Crocodiles, and 
Hawks; nay, Leeks, Onions, and Garlick. Which 
moft fenfelefs Folly 1 Juvenal wittily expofes. 

. P. But certainly the ancient Inhabitants and moft 
wife Citizens of Rome did not fo fottiflily receive thofe 
Images of Vain Gods, as thofe Barbarous Nations did, 
to whom they were fuperior, not in Arms only and 
Humanity, but in Wit and Judgment. 

1 O fan SI as gentes quibus hate stafeuntur in bortis Nu - 
mina. 

Religious Nations fure, and biefs’d Abodes, 

Where ev’ry Orchard is o’er-run with Gods. 

Juv t Lib, v. Ver. 591. 

M. Yota 

♦ f 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. § 

Ad. You are miftaken. Sir; for they exceeded even 
thofe Barbarians in this Sort of Folly, 

P. Say you fo f 

Ad. Indeed. For they reckoned among their Gods? 
and adored not only Beads and Things void of all 
Senfe ; but,' which is far greater Madnefs, they wor- 
fhipped alfo Murderers, Adulterers, Thieves, Drunk¬ 
ards, FLobbers, and fuch-like Pe/)s of Mankind. 

P. How many, and what Kind of Gods did the 
Romans worfhip ? 

Ad . It is fcarce poflible to recount them : When, 
befides thetr own Country Gods and Family Gods, 
all drange Gods, that came to the City, were made 
free of it. Whence it came to pafs, in Time, thaf, 
when they faw their Preempts too narrow to contain 
fo many, Neceflity forced them to fend their Gods into 
Colonies , as they did their Men. But thefe Things, 
which I curforily tell you, you will fee more conve¬ 
niently and pleafantly by and by, with your own 
Eyes, when you come into this Pantheon with me | 
where we are now at the Door, Let us enter. 


CHAP. ir. 

The Entrance into the Pantheon. A Dijlri - 

hut ion of the Gods into fever a l C] a lies. 

P, O O D God ! What a Crowd of dead Deities 
VJT is here, if all thefe are Deities, whofe Fi¬ 
gures I fee painted and defcribed upon the Walls ! 

Ad. This is the fmallcft Part of them. For the 
very Walls of the City, although it be fo large, much 
lefs the Wails of this Temple, cannot contain even 
their Titles. 

P . Were all thefe Gods of the fame Order and 
Dignity ? 

Ad By no means. But as the Roman People were 

B 3 dif- 


6 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

* 

diftributed into three Ranks ; namely, of z Senators or 
Noble men , Knights or Gentlemen , Plebeians or Citizens ; 
as aifo into b Noble , New~raiJ'ed , Ignoble; (of which 

the New-raifed were thofe, who did not receive their 
Nobility from their Anceftors, but obtained it them- 
feJves by their own Virtue;) fo the Roman Gods were 
divided, as it were, into three CIoffes . 

The firjl Clafs is of c Superior Gods ; for the Peo¬ 
ple paid to them a higher Degree of Worfhip, becaufe 
they imagined that thefe Gods were more eminently 
employed in the Government of this World. Thefe 
were called alfo d SeleSl ; becaufe they had always had 
the Title of Celejlial Gods , and were famous and 
eminent above others, of extraordinary Authority and 
Renown. Twelve of thefe were (tiled c Confenies ; 
becaufe, in Affairs of great Importance, 'Jupiter ad¬ 
mitted them into his Council. The Images of thefe 
were fixed in the Forum at Rome: Six of them were 
Males, and fix Females ; commonly, without other 
Additions, called the. Twelve Gods; and whofe 
Name Ennius comprifes in f a Diftich. 

Thefe Twelve Gods were believed to prefide over the 
Tzvelve Months ; to each of them was allotted a Month ; 
January to Juno , February to Neptune , March to Mi¬ 
nerva * April to Venus, May to Apollo , June to Mercury, 


'• a Patricii, Equites, & Plebeii. b Nobiles, Novi, Sc Ig- 
nobiles. Crc. pro Murom. c Dii Maj of urn Gentium. d Se- 
Jefti. c Confentcs, quad Confentientes. Se/icc. 1 . 2. Qua^ft. 
Nat. Lucian, dial, de Dcorum concil. Plaut. in Epidico. 

f Juno , Vcffla , Minerva , Ceres , Diana , Venus, Mars, 
filer cur ins, Ne.pt units , Jupiter , Vide anus, Apollo . 

Dempi'ler, Paralip. ad c. 3. 

Tn poficnore hoc verfu alii legunt Jovis* non Jupiter ; Sc 
melius mco judicio: olim cnim Jovis in nominativo dice- 
batur, clis;), xnctri gratia, ultima lilcra, Rofin. Andq. 
Ub. 2. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. y 

July to Jupiter , Augufi to Ceres , September to Vulcan , 
October, to Mars, November to Diana, December to 
Vejla, s They likewife prefided over the twelve Ce- 
leftial Signs, And if to thefe twelve Dii Confentcs you 
add the eight following, Ja?ius , Saturnus , Genius , Sol, 
Pluto , Bacchus , Tellies, and Luna, you will have twen¬ 
ty, that is, all the Gods. 

The Clafs contains the Gods of lower Rank 

and Dignity, who were {filed Dii Minorum Gentium ; 
becaufe they (hine with a lefs Degree of Glory, and 
have been placed among the Gods, as h Tully fays, by 
,their own Merits . Whence they are called alfo 1 Ad-. - 
feriptitii Minufcularii, k Putatitii and 1 Indigetes j be¬ 
caufe now they wanted nothing y or becaufe, being 
tranflated from this Earth into Heaven, they converfed 
with the Gods ; or being fixed, as it were, to certain 
Places, committed peculiarly to their Care, they dwelt 
in them, to perform the Duty entrufted to them m . 
Thus Mneas was made a God by his Mother Venus , in 
the Manner deferibed by Ovid n . 

The Gods of the third and lower Clafs are fome- 



. • * 

S Mamlii AJlron. 1 , 2, h Be Nature! Dcorum, 1.2. 1 Var, 
ftp ud Augufi . k Lucian . dial, dc Dcor. cone . 1 Indigetes quod 
millius rei indigerent, quod in Diis aoerent, vel quod in iic 
(fc . locis) degerent. Serai. in 12. JEn. m Liv. 1 . 1. 
n Lujlrattim genitrix diajino corpus odore , 

Unxit, & Ambrofia cum dulci Nett are mixta 
Contigit os, fecitquc Dcum, quern turba Quirini 
Nu/tcupat Indigetcm, temploque , arifque rcccpit. 

His Mother then his Body purify’d, 

Anoints with facrcd Odours, ana his Lips 
In Nettar mingled with Ambrofia dips ; 

So deify’d ; which Indigos Rome calls. 

Honour’d with Altars, Shrines, and Feftivals, 

Met am. L 14. 

B 4 times 


8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

♦ 

times called ° Mi nut i , Vefci , and Mifcellanei , but more 
tifually p Se/noms 7 wbofe Merits were not fufficient to 
gain them a Place among the Celejlial Gods ; yet their 
Virttjes were fuch, that the People thought them fu- 
perior to mortal Men. They were called ^ Patellarii 
from certain fmall r Difhes, in which the Ancients 
offered to the Gods their Sacrifices, of which s Ovid 

makes mention,. 

» _ ~~ 

To thefe we ought to adjoin the Gods called * No- 
V£nftles>. which the Sabines brought to Rome by the Com¬ 
mand of King Tatins ; and which were fo named, ag 
fome fay, becaufe they u were lateft of all reckoned 
among the Gods; or becaufe they were w Prefidents 
over the Changes, by which the Things of this World 
fubfift. Circius believes them to have been th zjlrange 
Gods of conquered Nations ; whereof the Numbers were 
fo vaft, that it was thought fit to call them, all in ge r 
neral, x Novenftles , left they fliould forget any of them. 
And laftly, to thfs Clafs alfo muft we refer thofe Gods 
and Goddefles, by whofe Help and Means, as >' TuUy 
fays, Men are advanced to Heaven, and obtain a Placfc 
among the Gods ; of which Sort are the principal Virr 
tues, as we (hall particularly fhewin its proper Place,, 


° Horat. 1 , 3. carm. p. Semones vulgo dicebantur quafi 
Semi-homines, antiqui enim bominem dicebant bemonem . Ap, 
Outlier. 1 . r. cap. 4. de jur. Man: Lipf 1 . 2. ant. left 2, 
*8. '» Plautus in Ciftel. r Fulgent. Placid! ad Chalcid. 

0 Fert tniffbs Kef at pur a patella cibos. Ovid. Fall, 1 , 6, 

To Kef a 's Deity, with humble Mefs, 

In cleanly Difli ferv’d up, they now addrefs, 

* Liv. 1 . 8. Varro de Lingua Lat. w Quod novifiimi 
omnium inter Deos numerati fmt. w Novitatum prxfides, 
quod omnia novitate conftcnt aut redintegrentuK A pud 
Gyraid. Sy nt, i. x Arnob, 3. adv. Gentes. y De Nat, 
peof. 1. 2, 


C H A P. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. p 

CHAP. III. 

4 

A View'of the Pantheon. A more commodious 

. Divijioti of the Gods . 

jP. T Caft my Eyes very curioufly every where about 
JL me, and yet I do not fee the three Clajfes of the 
Gods, which you have juft now defcr.ibed. 

J 14 \ Becaufe there is made here another and more 
convenient Divifion of them; which we will follow 
alfo, if you pleafe, in our Difcourfe. 

jP. How can I deny myfelf that moft ufeful Pleafure, 
which I fhall reap from your Converfation ? 

M. You fee that the three Clafles,. which I mention¬ 
ed to you, are here divided into fix, and painted upon 4 
the fevcral Parts of the Pantheon , r. Ypu fee the Ce - 
lejiial Gods and Goddefles upon an Arch. 2. The Ter- 
• rejlrial , upon the Wall on the Right-hand. 3. The Ma¬ 
rine and River Gods upon the Wall of the Left. 4. The 
Infernal on the lower Apartment by the Pavement. 

5. The Minnti , or Semones , an A Mifcellanei before you. 

6. The Adfcriptitii and Indigetes behind you. Our Dif¬ 
courfe fhall like wife confift of fix Parts ; in each of 
which I {hall lay before you whatfoever'I haye found 
moft remarkable amongft the beft Authors upon this 
Subject, if fo be you can bear with my Talkativenefs. 

P. Sir, you jeft when you call it Talkativenefs. Can 
ajiy Difcourfe be more pleafant to me ? 

M. Then, fince it pleafes you, let us fit down toge¬ 
ther a while : And, fince the Place is free from all 
(Company, we will take a deliberate View of the 
whole Army of Gods, and infpc£l; them one after ano¬ 
ther 5 beginning, as it fit, with the Celcjlial, and fo 
witlV Jove, according to the Dire&ion of the Poet. 

a fjb Jove principium Mufti' ; Jovis omnia plena . 

From the great Father of the Gods above 
My Mufe begins j for all is full 0 f Jove. 

Virp . Edotr, 1 m 

C H A 1 \ 



IO 


Of the. Gods of the Heathens. 


C H A P. IV. 


4 4 


♦ * 



Of the Celeftial Gods. Jupite r. His Image . 

Jldl. r g "'HE Gods,. commonly called the Celeftial , are 

thefe that follow : Jupiter; flpoilo , Mars 9 
Mercury^ and Bacchus . The Celeftial Goddeff’es are Jwio y 
Vefea , Minerva or Pallas , Venus > Luna and Be Ilona, 
'W’e will begin with Jupiter , the King of them all. , 
T. Where is Jupiter ?f ' : 

Look up to the Arch. You may, eafily know 
him by his Habit. He'is a the Father and King of 
n Gods and'Men; whom you fee : fitting in a'Throne of 
Ivory and Gold, under a rich Canopy, with a Beard, 
holding Thunder in his Right-hand, which he bran- 
difiies agaihft the Gian ts- at his Feet, whom he for¬ 
merly conquered. His Sceptre, they fay, is made of 
Cyprefs, which is a Symbol of the Eternity of his Em¬ 
pire, becaufe that Wood is free from Corruption 
On his Sceptre fits an Eagle , either becaufe he was 
brought up by it c ; or heretofore an Eagle , refting up¬ 
on his Head, portended his Reign; or becaufe, in hte 
^Wars with the Giants d , an Eagle brought him his 
Thunder, and thence received the Title of JupiteVs 
Armour-bearer . c He wears Golden Shoes, and an em¬ 
broidered Cloak, adorned with various 1 FloWcrs and 
Figures of Animals; which Dionyfeus the Tyrant, as 
it is faid,took fronrhim in Sicily 9 and, giving *him a 
Woollen Cloak inftead of it, faid, f That that would 
be more convenient for him in all Scafons , fence it was 
warmer in the Winter , and much lighter in the Sum- 

Yet let it not feem a Wonder to you, if by 


frier. 


, 

;l Divfim pater atque hominum rex. Vir. ^En. j. Pau- 
fan. in Eliac. Lucian, de facrif. b Apud Lacrt. 1 . 8. c Mrc- 
ro ap. Nat. Coin. a Scrv. in-din. i. c Jovis Armigcr, 
Vir. .din. 5. f Cicero dc Nat. Deor, 1 . 3. 


Chance 



fY<t/t' //. 


\ltfC A'\ 




































Of the Gods of the Heathens. 11 

Chance you fhould fee him in another Place, in another 
Drefs : For, he is wont.to be decked in feveral Fafhi- 
ons, according * to the various Names he afi'umes, and 
according to the Dive'rfity of the People, amongft 
whom he is worfhipped. P.nticuiai ly you will fmile 
when you fee him amongft the “ Lacedemonians without 
Ears; whereas the Cretans ate fo liberal to him in this 
Particular, that they give him four. So much for the 
Figure of Jupiter. For, if it were my Defign to fpeak 
of his Statue , I fhoulci repeat here what ' Verrius fays, 
that bis Face upon Holy-Days ought to be painted with Ver¬ 
milion ; as the Statues of the reft of the Gods alfo ufed 
to be fmeared with Ointments, and adorned with Gar¬ 
lands, according 1 to an Observation of ' Plautus . 

P. Was the Power of darting Thunder and Light¬ 
ning in the Hands of Jupiter only ? 

M . The learned “ Hetmirians teach us, that this 
Power was committed to nine Gods ; but to which of 
them.it does not plainly appear. Some, befides Jupi- 
ter , mention Pule an and Minerva , where the Phrafe, 
Minervales ttianubits, fignifies Thunder 5 (as the Books 
of thofe ancient Hetrufci called Strokes of Thunder 
Manubias) becaufe the noxious Conftellation of Mi¬ 
nerva is the Caufe of Tempefts in the Vernal Equinox . 
1 Others fay, that Thunder was alfo attibuted to Juno y 
to Mars , and to the South Wind \ and they rekon up fe¬ 
veral Kinds of Thunders; Fuhnina m Peremptalta , Pefli - 
fera, Popularia , Perverfa , licnovativa , OJientatoria , Cla- 
ra, Fa milt art a 9 Brut a , Conftliaria : But the Romans 
commonly took notice of no more than two ; n the 
Diurnal Thunder, which they attributed to Jupiter \ 
and the 0 Nofiurnal^ which they attributed to Summamts} 
or Pluto . Now let us go on to Jupiter 9 s Birth. ' 

£ Plut. do Ofir. & Hid. h Ap. Guthcr. dejur. Man. Plin. 

1 , 33. cap. 7. 1 lii Afmar. k Plin. 1 . 2. c. 5 1. Scrv. j. & 

2. A£n. 1 Scrv. 8. Ain. ,n Plin. 1 . 2. c. 43. 51, 52. Amin. 
Marcel. 1 . n K.cpkvvoGo'Ticc vvy.reQMy-9 kiqclvvo( 36 m<% t>cccm 

9 Ex Guther, dejur. Man. lib. 1. c. 3. 


SECT. 



2 z Of the Gods of the Heathens r« 


SECT. II. 


Jup ite R 5 i Defcent and Education. 

P, T 1 THO were Jupiter's Parents ? 

V V One Anfwer will not fully fatlsfy this 

one Queftion, fince there is not one Jupiter , but ma¬ 
ny, who are fprung from different Families. a Thofe 
who were Jkilled in the Heathen Theology , reckon up three 
Jupiters ; of which the firjl andfecond were born in Ar¬ 
cadia. The Father of the one was AEther; from whom 
Proferpine and Liber are faid to be born . The Father of 
the other zvas Coe]us; he is faid to have begot Minerva. 
The third was ^ Cretan, the Son Saturn, whofc Tomb is 
yet extant in the IJle of Crete. b But Varro reckoned up 
three hundred Jupiters: c and others reckon almoft an 
innumerable Company of them ; for, there was hardly 
any Nation which did not worlhip a Jupiter of their 
own, and fuppofe him to be born amongft themfelves. 
But of all thefe the moft famous Jupiter , according to 
the general Opinion, is He, whofe Mother was Ops , 
and whofe Father was Saturn ; to whom therefore all, 
that the Poets fabuloufly writ about the other Jupiters , 
Is ufually afcribed. 

P. Where and by whom was this Jupiter edu¬ 
cated ? 

JIT. He was educated where he was born, that is, 
upon the Mountain Ida in Crete ; but by whom, the 
Variety of Opinions is wonderful. d For fome aiKrm, 
that he was educated by the Curctes and Coryhantes ; 
fomc fay by the Nymphs; and fome, by A malt ha a, the 
Daughter of Meltjfus , King of Crete . Others, on the 
contrary, have recorded, that the Bees fed him with 
Honey. Others, that a Goat gave him Milk. Not a 


* Tully de Nat. Deor. I. 3. 

b Apud Augufl. clc Civit. c Eufeb, Caff. 1 . 2. prajp. 

JBvanjj. d Vid. Nat. Com. in Jove. 

few 


1 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* i j 

few fay that he was nourifhed by Doves; fome* by 
an Eagle 5 many by a Bear. And further it is the 
Opinion of fome, concerning the aforefaid Amaltheea* 
that fhe was not the Daughter of Melijfus , as we now 
mentioned ; but the very Goat which fuckled Jupiter 9 
whofe f Horn, it is faid, he gave afterwards tohisNur- 
fes, with this admirable Privilege, that whofoever pof- 
felled it, Ihould immediately obtain every Thing that 
he defired. They add befides, that, after this Goat was 
dead, Jupiter took her Skin, and made a Shield of it* 
with which he lingly combated the Giants; whence 
that Shield was called JEgis from a Greek Word 
which fignifies a Sbe-Goat , which at laft he reftored to 
Life again, and, giving her a new Skin, placed her 
among!! the Celeftial Conflellatiorrs. 


f Cornu Aijialthajte. £ Atto u\yU. 


SECT. nr. 


Jupite r’s Exploits. 


P. T'XTHEN Jupiter was grown a Man, What 
VV did he perform worthy of Memory? 

. JM. He overcame in War the Giants and the ‘Titans , 
(of whom we {hall fay more when we fpeak of Saturn ;) 
and alfo delivered his Father Saturn from Imprisonment; 
but afterwards depofed him from the Throne, and ba~ 
niflied him, becaufe he formed a Confpiracy again ft 
him ; and then divided the paternal Inheritance with 
his two Brothers, Neptune and Pluto: as more largely 
will be (hewn in its proper Place, when we fpeak of each 
of them apart. In fine, he fo affifted and obliged all 
Mankind by the great Favours that he did, that lie not 
only thence obtained the Name of 11 Jupiter, but he was 
advanced alfo unto divine Honours, and was efteemed 





h J lt P' 1icr > quafi juvans Pater. Cic, 2. de Nat, Boor. 

the 

* 


* 


i 4 Of the Gods of the Heathen's. 

the common Father both of Gods and Aden. Among#: 
fome of his moft illuftrious Actions, we ought to re¬ 
member the Story oi Lycaon. For, when Jupiter had 
heard a Report concerning the Wickednefs and great 
Impiety of Men, it is faid that he defcended from 
Heaven to the Earth, to know the real Truth of it, 
and, that being come into the Houfe of Lycaon^ King 
of Arcadia, where he declared himfelf to be a God, 
whilft others were preparing Sacrifices for him, Lycao 7 t 
derided him ; nor did he (lop here ; he added an 
abominable Wickednefs to his Contempt, and, being 
defirous to try whether Jupiter was a God, as he pre¬ 
tended, he kills one of his domeftick Servants, and 
roafls and boils the Flefh of him, and fets it on the 
Table as a Banquet for Jupiter ; who, abhorring the 
Wretch’s Barbarity, a fired the Palace with Lightning, . 
and turned Lycaon into a W^olf. 

P . Are there no Exploits of his ? 

M. Yes, indeed ; b but they are very lewd and di£* 
honourable : I am alinofl afhamed to mention them. 
For, was there any Kind of Lewdnefs of which he 
was not guilty ! or any Mark of Infamy that is not 
branded upon his Name? I will only mention a few 
Adlions of this Sort among many. 

1. In the Shape of a Crow c he ruined his Sifter 
Juno , who was born at the fame Birth with him, de¬ 
luding her with Promifes of Marriage: And how 
many Women does that Pretence delude even now ? 

2. He violated the Chaftity of Danae-y the Daughter 
of A'crijiusy King of th z Argivesy though her Father had 
£hut her up in a Tower; becaufe the Oracle had fore¬ 
told, that he fliould be flain by his Grandfon : For, 
changing himfelf into a d Shower of Gold , he ftid down 
through the Roofs and Tiles of the Place into the Lady’s 
Lap. And, indeed, What Place is there fo fortified and 

11 Ovid. Met. 1 . i b Apollon. 4. Argon. c Doroth. 
z % Metani.. 11 Ovid. 4. Met, 


guarded. 


3 


Of the Gods of the Heathen 's. ig 

guarded, into which Love cannot find Paflage ? Is 
there any Heart fo very hard and ftubborn, that Money 
cannot foften it ! What Way is not fafe, what PafTage- 
is not open, what Undertaking is impofiible a to aGod, 
who turns himfelf into Money to make a Purchafe ? 

3. He corrupted b Leda , the Wife of Tyndarus y King 
of Laconia^ in the Similitude of a Swan: Thus a fair 
Out-fide oft-times veils the fouleft Temper., and is a 
beautiful Cover to a moft deformed Mind. 

4. He abufed c Antiope^ the Wife of Lycus> King of 
Thebes y in the ; Likenefs of a.Satyr. 

5. He defiled d Alcmena , the Wife of Amphytriony in 
her Hufband’s Abfence, in the Likenefs of Arnphytrion 
himfelf. 

6. He inflamed 6 JEgina\ theDaughter of JEfopbuSy 

King of Bceoticiy with Love,fin the Similitude of Fire* 
(a lively Reprefentation of his Crime) and robbed her 
of her Chaftity. ; ' { . 

7. He deflowered f Clytorisy a Virgin of TheJJaliay a 
great Beauty, by turning himfelf!into. What ? O ri¬ 
diculous ! into an Ant. And-many Times, indeed, it 
happens, that great Mifchiefs arife from very fmall 
Beginnings. 

. 8. He debauched s Califioy the Daughter of Lycaon , 
King of Arcadia^ counterfeiting, which is very ftrangc* 
the Modefty and Countenance of Diana . And yet he 
did not protect her from the Difgrace that afterwards 
followed. For, as £he began .to grow big, and waflied 
herfelf in the Fountain, with: Diaiia, and the other 
Nymphs, her Fault was-difeovered, and herfclffhame- 
fully turned .away by Diana firft, then changed by Juno 
intb a Bear.- But, Why do I fay fhnmefully ? when her 
Difgrace was taken away by Jupiter , who advanced 


a Conv&fo in pretium Deo. Herat. 3 carm. h A rat. in 
Phzenom. c Ovid. 6. Mctani, <l Idem ibid. 0 Idem ibid. 
f Arnob, ap. Gyr. c Bocat, lib. 5. clc Gen. Dcorum, 
cap. 49. .... 

this- 





1 6 Of ihe Gods of the Heathens. 

♦ 

this Bear into Heaven* arid made it a Conftellafiori $ 
which by the Latins is called TJrfa Major * and by the 
Greeks * He lice* 

9. He fent an a Eagle to fnatch away the pretty Boy 
Ganymede , the Son of Tros 9 as he hunted upon the 
Mountain Ida. Or rather he himfelf* being changed 
into an Eagle , took him into his Claws, and carried, him 
up to Heaven.- He offered the fame Violence to AJleria , 
the Daughter of Casus , a young Lady of the greateft 
Modefty, to whom b he appeared in the Shape of an 
Eagle , and when he. had ravifhed her* he carried her 
away in his Talons. 

10. He undid' c Europa , the Daughter of j 4 genor+ 
King of Phoenicia * in the Form of a beautiful, white 
Bully and carried her into Crete with him. Sde how 
many feveral Beafts Man refembles, who has once put 
off his Modefty! Arid by how many various Fables 
this one Truth is represented* that the very Gods by 
Pra&ice of impure Luff: become Brutes. The Bull , in 
Reality, was the Ship upon which a Bully/as painted, 
in which Europa was carried away. In like Manner 
the Horfe PegafuSy that was painted upon Be ller oph on* s 
Ship* and the Ram , which was painted on that of 
Phryxus and He Iky created ample Matter of Fiction for 
the Poets. But to return to our Fable, dgenor imme¬ 
diately ordered d his Son Cadmus to travel, and fearch- 
every where for his Sifter Europay which he did* but 
could no where find her. ■ Cadmus dared not to re¬ 
turn without her* becaufe* c by a Sentence not lefs 
unjuft to him, than kind to his.Sifter* his. Father had. 
banifhed him for ever, unlefs he found her. Where¬ 
fore he built the City of ThebeSy not far . from-the 

_ # _ _ * 

a Virg. 5. JEn. Ovid. Metam. 10. b Fulgent. Plan. 
c Ovid. 6 . Metam. d Ovid, 3. Metam, 
e Cum pater ignarus Cadmo perquircre rapt am 
Imperaty & pcenarn , Jt non inajenerit, add it 
Exilium, fadto pins & Jcckratus codcm . Id, ib. 

Moun- 


Of the Gads of the Heathens. iy 

Mountain Parnajfus ; and whereas it happened that his 
Companions that were with him were devouied by a 
certain Serpent, whilft they went abroad to fetch Wa¬ 
ter ; he, to avenge their Death, flew that Serpent; 
whofe Teeth he took: out, and, by the Advice of Mi¬ 
nerva , fowed them in the Ground ; and fuddenly a Har- 
veft of armed Soldiers fprouted up; who quarrelling; 
among themfelves, with the fame Speed that they grew 
tip, mowed one another down again, excepting five on¬ 
ly, by whom that Country was peopled afterward. At 
length Cadmus and his Wife Her mi one or Hcrmontff 9 
after much Experience, and many Proofs of the Incon- 
flancy of Fortune, were changed into Serpents. He is' 
faid to a have invented fixteen of the Letters of the Greek 
Alphabet: a, (3 , y , e, t, x, p, r, <?, c/, p, cr, ?, v, which, 
in the Time of the Judges of ljrael , he brought out of 
Phoenicia into Greece ; two hundred and fifty Years af¬ 
ter which, Palarnedes added four more Letters, namely 
§, <P> in the Time of the Siege of Troy : (although., 

fome* affirm that Epicharmus invented the Letters 0 and. 
X : and, fix hundred and fifty Years after the Siege of 
Troy, Simonides invented the other four Letters, namely, 
5;, u, d/- Cadmus is alfo faid to have taught the 
Manner of writing in Profe; and that he was the firfi 
among the Greeks , who confecratcd Statues to the 
Honour of the Gods. 

Now the Hi/iorient Meaning of the Fable, perhaps, 
is this: b Cadmus was in Truth Ring of Sidon? by Na¬ 
tion a Kadjnonite, as his Name intimates; of the Num¬ 
ber of thofc mentioned by c Adofes. 'Which Radmonites 
V/ere the fame with the <[ Hivites , who poflbfled the 


Bids Cadmus trace and find the ntvifliM Fair, 

Or hope no more to breathe Pbawician Air. 

Both juft and wicked in the lame DcJign ; 

The Care was pious, hut too great the Pine. CM vV/. 71 jW . y . 


“ Id. 5. c. 29. Clef. 2 . u Jhu hart. a. p. Gengi\ c. 
10. c Gen, k. 20. J idem cum Hevieis, Bochart:, ibid. 

J C Mona- 


18 Of the Gods of the Tleathens . 

Mountain Hermon, and were thence alfo called Her* 
moruzi : And fo it came to paf?, that the Wife of Cad - 
7 mis had the Name of Hermiona or Hermione , from the 
fame Mountain. And why is it faid, that Cadmus* s' 
Companions were converted into Serpents, unlefs be* 
caufe the Word Hevaus in the Sy'iac Language figni¬ 
fies a Serpent : Moreover, another Word of a double? 
Signification in the fame Language occafioned the Fa¬ 
ble, that armed Soldiers fprouted forth from the Teeth 
of the Serpent: For, a the fame Word fignifies both 
Serpents ’Teeth and brazen Spears , with which b Cadmus 
fir ft armed his Soldiers in Greece , being indeed the 
ventor of Brafs ; infomuch that the Ore , of which Brafs 
is made, is from him even now called Cad?nia. . As to 
the five Soldiers, which are faid to furvive all the reft, 
of their Brethren, who fprouted up out of the Teeth 
of the Serpent, the fame Syriac Word fignifies c Five y 
and alfo a Mem ready for Battle ? according as it is dif¬ 
ferently pronounced. 


* Hygin. c. 2. 4. b Plin. 1 . 34. c. 1. 10. c Bocha*tus 
wt lupra. 

SECT. IV. Jupiter’s Names . 

jP. IT TT O W many Names has Jupiter ? 

f b N. They can hardly be numbered ; fo ma¬ 
ny were the Names which he obtained, either from th$ 
places where he lived and was worshipped* or from the 
Things that he did. The more remarkable I will here 
fet down alphabetically. 

The Greeks called him a Ammon ^ or Mammon , which 
Name fignifies Sandy* He obtained this Name fit ft in 
Lybia , where he was worlhipped under the Figure of a 
Ram ; becaufe when Bacchus was a-third in the fabu¬ 
lous Dcfcrts of Arabia , and implored the Affiftancc of 
Jupiter , Jupiter , appearing in the Form of a Ram, 


« Arcnarius ah Arena,.I'iut. in Ofir. V. Curt. 1 4. 

3 o p c fled 



Of the Gods of the T-leathens. 19 

Opened a Fountain with his Foot, and difcovered it to 
him. But others give this Reafon, becaufe Jupiter in 
War wore a Helmet, whofe Creft was a Ram’s Head. 

The Babylonians and fljfyrians? whom he governed, 
called him a Bolus? who was the impious Author of 
Idolatry; and, becaufe of the tJncertainty of his De- 
fcent, they believed that he had neither Father nor 
Mother; and therefore he was thought the fir ft of all 
Gods : In different Places and Languages he was af¬ 
terwards called Beel>> Baal , Beelphcgor , Beelzebub? and 
Be fee men. 

Jupiter was called b Capitolinus , from the Cap: to line 
HdJ, upon the Top whereof he had the fir ft Temple 
that ever was built in Rome ; which Tarquin the Elder 
firft vowed to build, Tarquin the Proud built, and Ho- 
ratius the Conful dedicated. He was befides called 
Tarpeius , from the Tarpeian Rock on which this Tem¬ 
ple was built. He was alfo filled c Optimus Maximus? 
from his Power and Willingncfs to profit all Men. 

He is alfo. called d Cufios. There is in .Nero's Coins 
an Image of him fitting on his Throne, which bears in 
its Right-hand 7 'hunder, and in its Left a Spear, with 
this Infcription, Jupiter Cujios . 

Anciently in fome Forms of Oaths he was commonly 
called c Diefpiter, the Father of Light ; as we {hall far¬ 
ther remark prefently under the Word Lapis ; and to the 
fame Purpofe he was by the f Cretans called diredlly Dies* 

The Title of Do don ecus was given him from the 
City Doclona in Cbaonia , which was fo called from 

a Berof. 1 . 4. Eufebius, 1 . i. pr:cp. Evang*. Hier. i. in 
Ofcam. 

b O CapitoHne,qucm, propter bencficia, populus Roma- 
nus Optimum, propter vim, Maximum appellavit. Tull, dc 
Nat. Dcorum i. 

c Plin. Liv. Pint. Tacit. 19. 

41 A pul. dc mundo. Scncc. 2. qu. nftt. 

• Quaft dici pater. Var. do Lingua Latina. 

r Macrob. in Saturn, ap. Bochart. in Geogr. 

C 2 Dodonct , 


2 o Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Dodona , a Nymph of the Sea. Near to which City 
there was a Grove facred to Jupiter , which was plant¬ 
ed with Oaks* and famous; becaufe in it was the an- 
tienteft Oracle of all Greece . Two Doves delivered 
Rcfponfes there to thofe, who confulted it. Or, as 
others ufe to fay, g the Leaves of the Oaks themlelves 
became Vocal, and gave forth Oracles. 

He was named Elicius , Becaufe the Prayers of Men 
incty hr'rag him down from Heaven, 

The Name Feretrius is given him, becaufe 1 he fmites 
his Enemies ; or becaufe he is the k Giver of Peace ; for, 
when a Peace was made, the Scepter by which the Em- 
bafiadors fwore and the Flint'{lone on which they con¬ 
firmed their Agreement, were fetched out of his Tem¬ 
ple: or laftly, becaufe, after they had overcome their 
Enemies, they ' carried the grand Spoils (Spolia oph?ia) 
to his Temple. Romulus firft prefented fuch Spoils to 
Jupiter , after he had {lain Acron , King of Cccnhia ; and 
Cornelius Gallus offered the fame Spoils after he had 
conquered Tbltimnius King of Hetruria ; and thirdly, 
M, Marcellusy when he had vanquifhed Viridomarus 
King of the Gauls , as we read in m ' Virgil, 

Thofe Spoils were called Opwia , which one Gene¬ 
ral took from the other in Battle. 

Fulminatory or 11 CerauniuSy in Greek K^uvv\ou is 
Jupiter 's Title, from hurling Thunder, which is 

. - ■ i— —— >■ ■ .. . 

e Alex, ah Alex, c z. 

h Qijod ccolo pr;ecihus cliciatur, fic Ovid. Fall. 3. 
Eliciunt carlo te Jupiter ; unde Mtnores 

Nunc quoqnc tc celebrant, Eliciwnque vacant* 

Jq<vc can’t refill the juft Man’s Cries, 

They bring him down e’en from the Skies 
Hence he’s Elicius call’d. 

1 A feriendo, quod hoflcs feriat. ,c vcl a ferenda pace, Fell, 
1 Vd a fereudis fpoliis opimis in ejus Templum. Plut. 
in Rom. Dion. 2. 

w c Ftrt iaq ‘tc anna Pair iffpendet capta fuir'uw. 

And the third Spoils {hall grace Fcretvian Jove, 

.Ain. 6. n Serv* ibid. 

thought 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 21- 

thought to be his proper O/hcc, if we believe the 
PPoet.. 

In Lycia they worfhipped him under the ^ Name of 
G vagus , Tgdfaos [Grapftos ,J and Genii or. 

In /Egium^ about the Sea-coaft, lie is faid to have 
had a Temple, with the Name of r Homogynns. 

At Preeyicfle he was called . hnperator . 3 "I here was 

a moft famous Statue of hint ‘here, afterwards trail- 
flated to Rome. 

He was called Latifilis, 1 becaufe he was worfhipped 
in Latium , a Country of Italy ; whence the "Latin Fes¬ 
tivals are denominated, to which all thofc Cities of Ita¬ 
ly reforted, who defired to be Partakers of the Solemni¬ 
ty ; and brought to 'Jupiter feveral Oblations: Particu¬ 
larly a Bull was facrificed at that Time, in the com-, 
rrron Name of them all, whereof every one took a Part, 

The Name Lapis , or, as others write, Lapidens , 
was given him by the Romans , who believed that an 
Oath, w made in the Name of Jupiter Lapis , was the 
moft /oletrm of all Oaths. And it is derived either 
from the Stone, which was prefented to Saturn by his 
Wife Ops , who faid it was Jupiter , in which Senfe. 
x Eufebius fays, that Lapis reigned in Crete ; or from 
the Flint-Jlone , which, in making Bargains, the Swearer 
held in his bland, and faid. If knowingly I deceive , 
fo let Diefpiter, faving the City and the Capitol , cajl me 


P Ho rat. 3 Carm. ancl Virgil. Ain. i. 

* -— O qui res homhmmqnc Dcunique 

JElends reg is imperils, & fuhnhic ter res. 

O King; < f Gods and Men, whofc awful Hand 
Difpcrles Thunder on the Seas ancl Land ; > 

Pifpcnflng all with ablblutc Command. J 

<J Lycophron. 1 Virg. 1 . i.T- a. -Ahi, 

* Paufan. Sc Hcfych. Liv. 6. 

* Cic pro Mi lone, 86. Dion. 1 . 4. 

“ Latina; Peri e. u Juramcniiun per Jovem Lapideni 
onmium faniliflimum, Cic 7. j^iil. i ( z. * In Chmn. 

C *2 a way 


2 & Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

away from all that's good, cis I cajl away this Stone $ 
y whereupon he threw the Stone away. The Romans 
had another Form, not unlike to this, of making Bar¬ 
gains : It will not be amifs to mention it here : z If 
with evil Intention I at ary Hi me deceive ; upon that Day 9 
O Jupiter, fo flrike thou nr, as I floall this Day frike this 
Swine, and fo much the more frike thou, as thou art the 
snore able and fulfill to do it\ whereupon he fliuck down 
the Swine. 

In the Language of the People of Campania, he is 
called Lucciiiis from Lux-, and among the Latins a Di$f- 
f iter from Dies . Which Names were given to Jupiter ? 
b becaufe he cheers and comforts s with the Light of the Day 
as much as with Life itfelj: Or, becaufe he was believ¬ 
ed to be the Caufe of Light c . 

The People of Elis ufed to celebrate him by the Ti¬ 
tle of <J Mar tius. 

He was alfo called e Mufarius y becaufe he drove a- 
way the Flies: For, when Hercules's religious,Exer- 
cifes were interrupted by a Multitude of Flies, he there¬ 
upon oiFered a Sacrifice* .to Jupiter , which being finifii- 
ed, all the Flies flew away. 

f Nicephorus , that is, carrying Vidlory ; and, by the 
Oracle of Jupiter Niccphorus , the Emperor Adrian was 
told, that he fhould be promoted to the Empire. Livy 
often mentions him \ and many Coins are extant. 


y Si feiens fallo, me Diefpiter, falva urbe, areeque, bonis 
ojiciat, ut ego hunc lapiclcm. Fell, ap. Lil. 

18 <Si dolo malo aliqnando fallatn, tuillo die, Jupiter , me 
fic ferito, ut ego hunc porcum hodic feriam ; tantoque ma- 
gis ferito, quanto nmgis poles, pollefque. Liv. 1 , 1. 

Sc rv. 9 yEn. 

h Quod nos die ac luce qnafi vita ipsa aflicerct acjuvarct. 
Aid. Cell. 



c Fell us. 
rhun vita. 


‘-Ac :?■?>• 7 ,:v , Jupiter pugnax. Plut. in Pyrrho. 
, mufearum abactor. i aufan. $. F.liac. 
i. e . Yittoriam geilans. JElias Span, in A- 


m 


O f the Gods of the Heathens. £ 3 

in which is the Image of Jupiter bearing Vidlory in 
his Hand. 

He was called alfo s Opitnlus , or Opittdator, , the Hel¬ 
per ; and Centipsda from his Stability : becaufe thofe 
Things {land fecure and firm which have many Feet. 
He was .called St alt lit or and Tigcllm , becaufe he fup- 
ports the W orld. Aim us alfo and Alumnus , becaufe he 
cheri flies all Things : And Ru minus from Ruma , which 
fignifies the Nipple, by which he nouriflies Animals. 

•He is alfo named h Olympias from Olympus , the Name 
of the Maftcr who taught him. and of the Heaven where- 

V? 

in he rendes ; or, of a City which flood near the Moun¬ 
tain Olympus , and was anciently celebrated far and near, 
becaufe there a Temple was dedicated to 4 Jupiter , and 
Games folemnized ever y five Years, ‘To this 'Jupiter 
Olympus the firft Cup was facriflced in their Feflivals. 

When the Gauls befieged the Capitol, an Altar was 
erected to Jupiter k PiJlor\ becaufe he put it into the 
Minds' of the Romans to make Loaves of Bread, and 
throw them into the Gauls Tents: whereupon the Siege 
was raifed. 

The Athenians eredted a Statue to him, and worship¬ 
ped it upon the Mountain Hymettus , giving him in 
that Place the Title of 1 Pluvhts ; this Title is men¬ 
tioned by ,n Tibullus . 

Precdator was alfo his Name; not becaufe he pro¬ 
tected Robbers , but becaufe, out of all the Booty taken 
fiom the Enemy, one Part was due to him. 11 For, 
when the Romans went to War, they ufed to devote to 


8 Quafi opis lator. Fell. A Kg. 7 dc Civit. 
h Paufan. Att. & Eliac. Liv. 1 . 4. dec. 4. 

1 Pollux. 

Ic . A pinfendo Ovid. 6. Fall. Ladt. 1 . 12. Liv. \ f 5, 

1 1 hurnut. in Jovin. 

ni An da 1icc PItev to fupplica J i \ha Jo-u't. 

Nor the parch’d Grafs forifc 1111 from Jov idoth call. 
* Serv. 5. JEn . 

c 4 


the , 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


the Gods a Part of the Spoil that they fhould get; 
and for that Reafon. there was a Temple at Rome dedi¬ 
cated to 'Jupiter P rad at 07 

tjhtirinus* as appears by that Verfe o i Virgil, which 
we cued above when he fpoke of the Name Ferctrius . 

Rex and Regnat or are his common Titles in 11 Virgil, 
Homer , and Ennius* 

Jupiter is alfo called q Stator , which Title he hi ft 
had from Romulus on this Occafion : When Romulus 
was fighting with the Sabines, his Soldiers began to 
fly ; whereupon Romulus , as r L-vy relates, thus prayed 
to Jupiter , O thou Father of the Gods and Mankind , at 
this Place at leafl drive back the Enemy , take azvay the 
Fear of the Romans, and fop their difhonourable Flight • 
And Y vow to build a Temple to thee upon the f ame Place , 
that Jhall hear the Name 0/'Jupiter Stator, for a Monu¬ 
ment to Pojlerity , that it was from thy immediate Af~ 
fiflance that Rome received iis Prefervation » Alter this 
Prayer the Soldiers flopped, ar«d n returning again to 
the Battle, obtained the Victory’s whereupon Romulus 
confecrated a Temple to Jupiter Stator . 

The Greeks called him SwtvjY [Soter] Servator % the 
Saviour , becaufe he delivered them from the Modes. 
Confervator alfo was his Title, as appears from clivers 
of Diode far? s Coins, in which his Effigies (lands, with 
Thunder brandifhed in his Right-hand, and a Spear in 
his Left; with this Infcription, Confervatori. In others. 


0 Note 6, on Page 20. 

p Divum Pater at quo hominitm Rex. Vir. dll n. 1. & 10* 
The Father of the Gods, ancl King of Men. 

Summi Regnat or OlympL JR n. 7. 

Ruler of the highelt Heaven, 
n A it an do vcl Jiitcndo. 

r Tu pater Dcum hominumquc, hincfaltem nrcchoftcm, 
dome lerrorcin Romanis, fugamque fccdain fiftc. Hie ego 
tibi Templum Statori Jovi, quod inonumentum fit poileri 
tua prxfenti ope fervatam Urbem efle, vovco. Liv. 1 . 1. 
e Strabo, 1 . 9, Arrian, 8. de Gelt, Alex. 


3 


in (lead 




. Of the Gods of the Heathens. • 2 £ 

inftead of Thunder, he holds forth a little Image of 
Vidlory, with this Inscription, Jovi Confervatori Or bis y 
to Jupiter the Confervator of the fVorld . 

The Augurs called f him Tonans and Fulgcns . And 
the Emperor Aagujlus dedicated a Temple to him fo 
called ; wherein was a Statue of Jupiter , to which a 
little Bell was fattened V He is alfo called by Orpheus 
B eoflztb; [ Brontaius J and by Apuleius , w Tonitrualis , the 
Thunderer; .And an Infcription is to be feen upon a 
Stone at Rome , Jovi Brontonti. 

■ x Trlocidus , T%U(pticO.(j.o; [Triophlhalmos J was alfo an 
Epithet given him by the Greccians* who thought that 
he had three Eyes, with one of which he obferved the 
Affairs of Heaven, with another the Affairs of the 
Earthy and with the third he viewed the Sea-Affairs. 

There was a Statue of him of this Kind in Priamus* s 

• * 

Palace at Troy ; which, befide the ufual two Eyes, 
had a third in the Forehead. 

y Vejovii , or Vejvpiter , and Vidius , that is, //#/* Jtipi- 
ter , was his Title when lie was deferibed without his 
Thunder, viewing angrily fhort Spears which’ he held 
in his Hand: The Romans accounted him a fatal and 
noxious Deity; and therefore they worshipped him, 
only that he might not hurt them. 

ylgrippa dedicated a Pantheon to Jupiter Vlior , the 
Avenger , at Ro?ne, according to 55 Pliny. 

He was likewife called a Xenius, or HofpitaUs , Hoj - 
pliable 5 becaufe he was thought the Author of the 
Laws and Cuttoms concerning Hofpitality. Whence 
the Greeks call Prefents given to Strangers Xenia , as 
the Latins called them Lautia. 

Zst)? [ l) Zens] is the proper Nflrne of Jupiter , be¬ 
caufe he gives Life to Animals. 

r Cic. dcNat. 1 . r. M Dio. 1 £. w Ap. Lil. Oyr. Synt. 
2. p. S2. x Paufh.ii. ap. enndem. y Cic. t?. de Nat. Cell. 
1 . 5. Ovid, in Fad. 56 Plin. 36. 15. a Scrv. 1. /En, Cic. 
pro Dciot. PIut. qu. Rom. Demoil. Or, dc legation. b A'/d 
•s vjc fr/Je PJiuniut. do Jove, 

S E C T. 


✓ 

6 $ Of the Gods o f the Heathens. 

S E C T. V. The 'Signification of the Fable , 

what is underfiood by the Name of Jupiter, 

* 

% 

P. \7 OU have told us the Dreams of the Poets 
j[ about Jupiter ; now, pray Sir, let us know 
what the Hiftorians and Mythologies affirm concern¬ 
ing him. 

Very willingly. a Jupiter was King of Crete , 
and, according to Eufebius , contemporary with the Pa¬ 
triarch Abrahatn. This Jupiter depofed his Father, and 
afterwards divided by Lot the Kingdom with his two 
Brothers Neptune and Pluto . And, becaufe the Eaflern 
Part of the Country was by Lot given to Jupiter , the 
Weflern to Pluto. } and the Maritime Parts to Neptune ; 
they took Occaiion from hence to feign, that Jupiter 
was the God and King of the Heavens, Neptune of the 
Sea, and Pluto of Hell. Nay, Jupiter's Name was fo - 
honoured by Pofterity, that all Kings and Princes were 
from him called Joves , and the Queens Junones , from 
Juno the Wife of Jupiter . 

Concerning the ndythologifls, or the Interpreters of 
Fables, I fhal] only obferve this by the by. There is in 
thefe Kind of Things fuch a vaft Diverfity of Opinions 
among them; and, which is yet worfe, the Accounts 
that many of them give, are fo witlefs and impertinent, 
fo incongruous to the very Fable, which they pretend 
to explain, that I think it better to write nothing from 
them, # than to trouble the Reader with thofe Things, 
which will not probably fatisfy him ; which when I can¬ 
not effect, I will pafs the Bufinefs over in Silence, and 
leave it to every one’s Difcretion to devife his own Inter¬ 
pretations. For it is better that he himfelf fliould be the 
Author of his own Miftake than to be led into it by ano¬ 
ther, becaufe a Slip is more tolerable and eafy when wc 


a Apud Salian. in Ami, &. Epitome Turfcllini. 


our- 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2 7 

I 

ourftdves fall down, than when others violently pufh 
us down at unawares : yet, whenever the Place re¬ 
quires that I muft give my Expofitions of thefe Fables, 
that I may di(cover Tome Meaning that is not repug¬ 
nant to common Senfe, I Ihall not be To far wanting 
to my Duty, as that any one fhould juftly accufe me 
of Negligence. By the prefent Fable I may juftify 
my Words ; for obferve only, how various are Mens 
Opinions concerning the Signification of the Name 
"Jupiter , and you may guefs at the reft. 

The Natural Philofophers many Times think that 
b Heaven is meant by the Name of Jupiter 5 whence 
‘ many Authors exprefs the Thunder and Lightning, 
which come from Heaven, by thefe Phrafes : Jove 
ton ant <?, fulgent e , &c. and in this Senfe c Virgil ufed 
the Word Olympus. 

a Others imagined that the Air, and the Things 
that are therein contained, as Thunder, Lightning, 
Rain, Meteors, and the like, are fignified by the fame 
Name. In which Senfe c Horace is to be underftood, 
when he fays fnb Jove , that is, in the open Air. 

Some, on the contrary, call the Air Juno ; and the 
Fire Jupiter , by which the Air being warmed becomes 
fit for the Generation of Things. f Others again call 
the Sky Jupiter , and the Earth Juno; bccaufc out of 
the Earth all Things fpring; which Virgil has ele¬ 
gantly exprefl’ed in the fecond Book of his Georgies * 

15 Euri - 


b Cic. 2. dc Nat. Dcor. 
c Pandit nr interest damns omnipotent is Olympi . 

Mean while the Gates of Heaven unfold. AZn.‘ 10. 
d Thcocr. Eel. 4. 

c Jacct fub Jove frigido, id eft, fub Dio vno rov Atoj# 

Hor. Od. 1. 

* Jiucret. 1. 1 . 

B 9 itm pater omnipotens factoid is i mb ft bus sc then 
Conjugis in g rani urn Let at dejiendit, & omnes 
Magnus alit, map no com miJlus cor pore, fetus . 

Fox 


2 8 Of the Gods' of the Heathens. 

h Euripides thought fo, when he faicl that the Shy 
ought to be called Summits Deus, the Great God. 

1 Plato’s Opinion was different; for he thought that 
the Sun was Jupiter $ and k Homer , together with the 
afore fa id Euripides , thinks that he is Fate ; which Fate 

is, according to 1 Fully’ s Definition, The Caufe from all 

Eternity , zo/;>y fuch Things , already pajl , zt/fr* 

; tfwrf zi/iy fuch Things , tfr are doing at prefent , be as 
they are ; and why fuch Things , rff tfr*? follow hereafter , 
fhsll follow accordingly. In fhort, others by Jupiter un- 
derftand the m of the World ; which is diffufed not 

only through all human Bodies, but likewife through all 
the Parts of the Univerfe, as n Firgil poetically deferibes 

to- 

it. 

I do not regard the moral Signification of the Fable ; 
that would be an endlcfs and impertinent Labour. It 
is free, as 1 (aid above, for every one to think what he 
pleafes, and, according to the Proverb, to abound in 
his own Senfe. 


For then th’ Almighty Jove defeends and pours 
Into his buxom Bride his fruitful Shovv’rs. 

And, mixing his^Jarge Limbs with hers, he feeds 
Her Births with kindly Juice, and folters teeming Seeds. 
h Apud Cic. dc Nat. 1 In Phasd, k OdyfT. d. 

I AS terna rerum caufa ; cur ea, quae preterierint, fa&a 
iint; & ca, qua; inflanf, fiant; So ea, qua: confequentur, 
futura fint. Cic. i. dc Divinat. 

. 111 A rat. init. Ailron. 

II Cesium ac terras , campofquc liquentes, 

Lu cent cinque glob u?n Lwiat, Titaniaque a fir a 
Spirit us hit us alit, tot a tuque infufa per art us 
Mens agitat mol cm, & magno fc corpora mi feet. 

—-— The Heaven and Earth’s compacted Frame, 

And flowing Waters, and the Harry Frame, 

And both the radiant Lights one common Soul 
Tnfptrcs, and feeds, and animates the Whole. 

This adivc Mind, infus’d thro 5 all the Space, 

Unites and mingles with the mighty Mafs. slut. 6 . 

CHAP. 

4 



ZYu/t'///. 


V*} 












































Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


CHAP. V. 

Apollo. His Image. 

P. *T| U T what is that ° bcardlefs Youth, with long 

P Hair, fo comely and graceful, who wears a 
Laurel-Crown, and fhines in Garments embroidered 
with Gold, with a Bow and Arrow in one Hand, and 
a Harp in the other ? 

M. It is the Image of Apollo , p who is at other Times 
deferibed bolding a Shield in one Hand, and the 
Graces in the other. And, becaufe he has a three¬ 
fold Power in Heaven, where he is called Sol ; in 
Earth, where he is named Liber Pater ; and in Hell, 
where he is filled Apollo \ he is ufually painted with 
thefe three Things : A Harp, a Shield, and Arrows.’ 
The Harp (hews that he bears Rule in Heaven, where 
all Things are full of Harmony 5 the Shield deferibes 
his Office in Earth, where he gives Health and Safety 
to terteftrial Creatures ; his Arrows fhew his Autho¬ 
rity in Hell, for whomfoever he (hikes with them, he 
fends them into Hell. 

Sometimes he is painted with a Crow and a Hawk 
flying over his Head, a Wolf and a Laurel-Tree on 
one Side, and a Swan and a Cock on the other; and 
under his Feet Grafhoppers creeping. The Crow is 
facred to him, becaufc he foretels the Weather, and 
fhews the different Changes of it by the Clearnefs or 
Hoarfenefs of his Voice. The Swan is likewife endued 
with Divination, q becaufe, fore feeing his Happinefs in 


0 Horat. ad Callimach. p Porphyr. dc folc. . <i Cygni 
non fine causa Apollim dicatifimt, quod ab eo divinationem 
lufficrc vidcantur quia pravidentes quid in morte bom fit, 
cum cantu & voluptate moriuntur. Tull. Qnxfl. Tulc. 1. 

Death, 


« 


30 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


Death, he dies with Singing and Pleafure. The Wolf 
Is not unacceptable to him, not only becaufe he fpared 
his Flock when he was a Shepherd, but becaufe the 
Furioufnefs of Heat is exprefled by him, and the Per- 
fpicuity and Sharpnefs of his Eyes do moft fitly repre- 
fent the Forefight of Prophecy. The Laurel-Tree 
Is of a very hot Nature, always flourifhing, and con¬ 
ducing to Divination and poetic Raptures ; and the 
Leaves of it put under the Pillow, produce two Dreams. 
The Hawk has Eyes as bright as the Sun ; the Cock 
foretels his Rifing; and the Grafhoppers fo intirely 
depend on him, , that they owe their Rife and Sub- 
fiftence to his Heat and Influence. 


SECT. I. 

A 

His Descent. 

P. HAT Family was Apollo born of? 

W M* You (hall know after you have firfl 
heard how many Apollo s there were. 

P . How many ? 

M\ Four. The firft and ancientcfi: of them was 
born of Vulcan: The fecond was a Cretan , a Son of 
one of the Corybantes : The third was born of Jupiter 
and Latona : The fourth was born in Arcadia , called 
by the Arcadians , No mi us. x But though , as Cicero 
fays, there were fo many Apollo’s yet all the reft of them 
arc feldom mentioned , and all that they .did is aferibed to one 
of them only , namely , to him that was born of Jupiter and 
Latona. 

P. In what Place was Apollo the Son of Latona 
bom ? 


r Atquc, cum tot Apollincs fucrint, reliqui omnes filcn- 
tur, onincfque res aliornm go the ad unum Apollincm, Jovip 
& Latona filium, referuntur. Cic. 3. dc Nat. Deor. 

M. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


3 * 


M, I will tell you more than you afk; they fay the 
Thing was thus : Latona , the Daughter of Cceus the 
Titan ^ conceived Twins by Jupiter: ‘Juno , incenfed at 
if, fent the Serpent Python a gain ft her 3 and Latona , to 
efcape the Serpent, 6 fled into the Ifland of Delos ; where 
flie brought forth Apollo and Diana at the fame Birth. 

s 

MMimniMMMfliiipM, mm .... 1 mmm m —m iu. ... 

4 Hefiod. 


SECT. II. 

A Elions of Apollo. 





Y what Means was Apollo Advanced to the 
higheft Degree of Honour and Worfhip ? 

M . By thefe four efpecially : By the Invention of 
Phy/ick , Mufick , Poetry , and Rhetorick , which is aferib- 
ed to him 3 and therefore he is fuppofed to prefide over 
the Mufes . It is faid, that he taught the Arts of foretel¬ 
ling Events, and (hooting with Arrows; when therefore 
he had benefited Mankind infinitely by thefe Favouri 9 
they worfhipp’d him as a God. 1 Hear how glorioufiy 
he himfelf repeats his AccomplifhmentsofMind and Na¬ 
ture, 


Nefcisy temerariciy 7icfc:s 


Quern Jug ias, ideoque Jug is — - 

Jupiter eft geniter . Per me quod eritquefuitque , 
EftquCy patet. Per me concordant carmina 7icrvis 5 - 
Cert a quidem voftra^ eft uoflra tamcn una fagitta 
Cert ior, in vacuo qua: valuer a pc St ore Jccit . 

, Invent um Medici act incum eft, Op Jerque per or ban 
Dicor, £ 3 ’ llcrbarum eft Jubjefta pot ail ia nobis . 

Stop thy rafli Flight, liny, lovely Nymph, ’th 
No common Wretch, no barb’rous Enemy ; 
Great Jovds-my Father ; 1 alone declare 
Wluit Things pall, prefont, and what future are. 
By me the downy Eunuch Avectly fings, 

J ib fecit Notes com polo to founding Strings. 


15 


My 




Cure, where he .magnifies himfelf to the flying Nymph 9 
whom he paflionately loved, 

P. What memorable Things did he perform ? 

M. Many j but efpecially thefe. 
i. He deftroyed all the Cyclops, the Forgers of 
ptter 9 s Thunder-bolts, with his Arrows, to revenge the 
Death of Mfculapius his Son, whom Jupiter had killed 
with Thunder, becaufe by the Help of his Phyfick he 
revived the Dead. 11 Wherefore for this Facd Apollo 
Was caft down from Heaven, and deprived of his Di¬ 
vinity, expofed to the Calamities of the World, and 
commanded to live in Banifhment upon the Earth : In 
this Diftrefs x he was compelled by Want to look after 
Admetufv Cattle; where, tired with Pleafure, to pafs 


away his Time, it is faid> that he firft invented and 
formed a Harp. After this Mercury got an Opportu¬ 
nity to drive away a few of the Cattle of his Herd by 
Stealth ; for which, while Apollo complained and threat-' 
ened to punifh him, unlefs he brought the fame Cattle 
back again, his Harp was alfo flolen from him by Mer¬ 
cury \ fo that he could not forbear turning his Anger, 
into Laughter. 

2. He railed the Wails of the City of Troy, by the 


Mufick of the Harp alone ; if we may believe the B Poet. 


My Shafts flrikc Pure, but one, alas ! was found 
A furer, my unpraftis’d Heart to wound : 

Phyfick’s Divine Invention’s all my own, 

And 1 a Helper tlno’ the World am known : 

All Kerbs I thoroughly know, and all their Ufe ; 

The healing Virtues, and their baneful Juice. 

Onjid. Met emu 1. 

v Lucian. Dial. Mort. x Paufan. in Eliac. 

y Hor. ). C.trm. 

B Ilian nfjicirsy Jirmnlaque turribus a If is 
M(fnia , Apofiluce#ccmore lyrn-. 

Ovid. F.pili, Parid. 

Tray you fhnll fee, and Walls divine admire $ 
lluilt by the Mufick of si polio's Lyre. 


Some 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


33 


Some fay f that there was a Stone, upon which Apollo 
Only laid down his Harp, and the Stone by the Touch 
of it alone became fo melodious, that, whenever it was 
ftruck with another Stone, it founded like a Harp. 

3. By Misfortune he killed Hyacinthus , a pretty and 
ingenious Boy that he loved. For, whilft Hyacinthus 
and he were playing together at Quoits, Zephyrus was 
enraged, becaufe Apollo was better beloved by Hyacin¬ 
thus than himfelf, and, having an Opportunity of Re¬ 
venge, he puffed the Quoit that Apollo caff, againft 
Hyacinthus 's Head, by which Blow he fell down dead; 
whereupon Apollo caufed the Blood of the Youth, that 
was fpilt upon the Earth, to produce Flowers called 
Violets , as K Ovid finely exprefles it. 

Befides, he was pafiionately in Love with CypariJJits y 
another very pretty Boy, who, when he had unfortu¬ 
nately kill’d a fine Deer, which he exceedingly lov’d and 
had brought up from its Birth, was fo melancholy for 
his Misfortune, that he conffantly bewailed the Lofs of 
his Deer, and refufed all Comfort. h Apollo , becaufe 
before his Death he had begged of the Gods, that his 


f Paufan, in Attic. 

z Ecce , cruor qui fufus hunioJignavcrat herb as , 

Dejinit ejfe cruor , Tyrioque nitentior ojlro 

Flos oritur , formamque capit, quam Lilia 5 Jt non 

Purpurcus color his, argent cus ejfet in ill is* 

Behold the Blood, which late the Grafs had dy’d. 

Was now no Blood, from whence a Flower full blown 
Far brighter than the 'Tyrian Scarlet fhone. 

Which feem’d the fame, or did refemble right 
A Lilly, changing but the red to white. Ovid* Met. 10. 

h- miniufque fup remum 

Floe petit a fuperh, ut tempore luge at emu :. 

Ingcmuit trijlifquc Deus , lugebcrc nobis , 

Lugebifqttc alios , adcrifquc dolcntibus , inquit* 

Implores that he might never ceafe to mourn. 

When Phoebus fighing, I for thee will mourn. 

Mourn thou for others, Herfes Hill adorn. Ovid.Met. to. 

D Mourn- 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


Mourning might be made perpetual, in Pity changed 
him into a Cyprefs^tree^ the B/anches of which were 
always ufed at Funerals. 

4. He fell violently in Love with the Virgin Daphne , 
fo famous for her Modefty. When he purfued her 
while flic fled to fecure her Chaftity from the Violence 
of his Paffion, fhe was changed into a Laurel, the moft 
chafte of Trees 5 which is never corrupted with the Vio¬ 
lence of Heat or Cold, but remains always flourifhing, 
always pure. i There is a Story about this Virgin-Tree, 
which better deferves our Admiration, than our Be¬ 
lief. A certain Painter was about to draw the Pi&ure 
of Apollo upon a Table made of Laurel-Wood : And 
it is faid, k that the Laurel would not fuffer the Colours 
to flick to it, as though the dead Wood was fenfible, 
and did abhor the Picture of the impure Deity, no 
lefs than if Daphne herfelf was alive within it. 

5. He courted alfo a long Time the Nymph Botina , 
but never could gain her; for, fhe chofe rather to throw 
herfelf into the River and be drowned, than yield to his 
lafeivious Flames. Nor did her invincible Modefty lofe 
its Reward. She gained to herfelf an Immortality by 
dying fo, and, facrificing her Life in the Defence of 
her Virginity, {he; not only overcame Apollo , but the 
very Powers of Death. She became Immortal. 

6- Leucothoc , the Daughter of Orchamus , King of 
Babylon , was not fo tenacious of her Chaftity : For, fhe 
yielded at laft to Apollo's Defires. 1 Her Father could 
not bear this .Difgrace brought on his Family, and 


* Lib ah. in Progym n. k Paufan. 1 . 7. 

i - - defodit alte 

Crudus hitmoy tnmuhtmqtie fuper gravis addit arena* 
Jntcrr’d her. lovely “Body in the Earth, 

And on it rais’d a Tomb of heavy Sand, 

Wliofe pond’roiifi Weight her--Riling might withftand. 

there- 





. 'Of the Gods of' the Heathens 35 

therefore buried her alive. ni Apollo was greatly grieved 
hereat, and, though he could not bring her again to 
Life, he poured Nedar upon the dead Body, and there¬ 
by turned it into a Tree that drops Frankincenfe. Thfcfe 
Amours of Leucotboe and Apollo had been difcovered to 
her Father by her Siller Clytie , whom Apollo formerly 
loved, but now deferted ; which jfhe feeing, pined 
away, with her Eyes continually looking up to the 
Sun, and at laft was changed into a n Flower called 
Sun- flower, or Heliotrope . 

7. Apollo WHS challenged in Muficby Marfyas , a proud 
Muflcian ; and when he .had overcame him, ° Apollo 
flayed him, becaufe he had dared to contend with him, 
and afterwards converted hirh into the River of the fame 

# » • • # u • % * % 

Name in Phrygia . 

'8. 'But Midas , King of Phrygia , having foolifhly 
determined the Victory to the God Payf when Apollo 
and he fang together, p Apollo ftretched his Ears to the 
Length and Shape of Afles Ears. Midas endeavoured to 


m Neft arc odoraio fparjit corpufque locumquc. 

Mult aq tie conquefus, ltvtges tauten evthsra dixit* 

Protinus imhulum ca lefti neftare corpus 
Pelituit, terramque fuo madefccit odore ; 

Pirgaque per gleh as, fenftm radicibns a ft is, 

5 Thurea furrexit, tumulumque cacumine rupit. 

He mourn’d her Lofs, and fprinkled all her Hearfc 
With balmy Nettar, and more precious Tears. 

Then faid, fince Fate does here our Joys defer. 

Thou flialt afeend to Heav’n, and bids me there : 

Her Body ftraight, embalm’d with heav’nly Art, 

Did a fwect Odour to the Ground impart. 

And from the Grave a beauteous Tree a rile. 

That cheers the Gods with pleafing Sacrifice. Met. 4. 

r Ovid. Meta in • 4. 0 Ovid. Fall, 6. 

4>- p ar tcm dammit ur in imam ; 

iuduit u t -q ue a u re s lent it g nidi cut is afclli . 

Punifil’d in tlie offending Parc, lie bears 

Upi. n.his Skull a (low-pac’d Afs’s Ears. Met. 1 6. 

D ?. hide 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


hide his Difgrace, as well as he could, by his Hair: 
But however, fincc it was impollible to conceal it from 
his Barber, he earneftly begged the Man, and prevailed 
with him, by great Promifes, not to divulge what he 
faw to any Perfon. But the Barber was not able to 
contain fo wonderful a Secret longer ; wherefore, q he 
went and dug a Hole, and, putting his Mouth to it, 
whifpered thefc Words, King Midas has AJJes Ears ; 
then, filling up the Ditch with the Earth again, he 
went away. But, O wonderful and ftrange ! The 
Reeds that grew out of that Ditch, if they were moved 
by the leaft Blaft of Wind, did utter the very fame 
Words which the Barber had buried in ifj to wit. King 
Midas has the Ears of an Afs r . 


*1 — fee edit, humitmquc 

Effodit , iff domijii quales confpexerit aures , 

Voce refertparcel. Metam. 1 . 15, 

He dug a Hole, and in it whifpering faid. 

What monilrous Ears fprout from King Midas 9 Head! 

r Aures Afininas habet Rex Midas. 

* 

% 

SECT. III. Names of Apollo; 


A S the Latins call him n <SV/, becaufe there is but. 

one Sun ; fo fome think the Greeks gave him the 
Name Apollo for the fame Reafon: Tho* 1 others think 
that he is called Apollo , either becaufe he drives away 
Difcafes, or becaufe he darts vigoroufly his Rays. 

He is called " Cyntbius, from the Mountain Cynthus , 
in the Ifland of Delos; from whence Diana alio is called 
Cynthia . 




t 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 7 

And he is nam’d Delius from the fame JJIand\ be- 
caufe he was born there. Or, as f fome fay, becaufe 
Apollo ( who is the Sun) by his Light makes all Things 
manifeft; for which Reafon he is called K Pbanaus. 

He is named Dclphinius \ h becaufe he killed the Ser¬ 
pent Python , called De/phis ; or elfe, becaufe, when 
Cojlilius , a Cretan , carried Men to the Plantations, 
Apollo guided him in the Shape of a Dolphin . 

His Title Dc/phicus comes from the City Delphi in 
Basotia , which City is faid to be the 1 Navel of the Earthy 
becaufe when Jupiter , at one Time, had fent for two 
Eagles, the one from the Eaft, and the other from the 
Weft, they met together by equal Flights exactly at this 
Place. k Here Apollo had the moft famous Temple in 
the World, in which he 1 uttered the Oracles to thofe 
who confulted him ; but he received them firft from 
Jupiter. They fay, that this famous Oracle became 
dumb at the Birth of our Saviour , and when Augujlus , 
who was a great Votary of Apollo , defired to know 
the Reafon of its Silence, the Oracle anfwered m him, 
that in Judea, a Child was born, who was the fupreme t 
God, and had commanded him to depart, and return^ 
no more Anfwers. 

Apollo was lilcewife called n Didymus , which Word 


f 

r Feftus cundtafacit /. e manifefla. % *Avro ra (pc&ivav> 
apparere, Macrob.&Phurnut. h Paufan.in. Attic, 1 Paufan. 
oy.cpethos T’o? yris 9 /. e. Umbilicus Terra;, k Phurnut. Laftant. 
1 uEfcul. in §apcrd. 

,n Me puer Heir reus, divos Deus ipfe gulerna?is 9 
Cedere J'ede jubet , triftemque redireftth or cum. 

Arts ergo dchhic nojlris abfeedito , Cufar. 

An Hebrew Child, whom the bjefs’d Gods adore. 

Has bid me leave thefe Shrines, and pack to Hell, 

So that of Oracles I’ve now no more : 

Away then from our Altar, and farewell. 
n A yerbo^i^oi,gemclli, Macrob. apud Gyral. fynt. 7* 

P* z 3 * 



Of the Gods of the Heathens , 


in Greek fignifies Twins , by which are meant the two 
great Luminaries of Heaven, the Sun and the Moon, 
which alternately enlighten the World by Day and 

Night. 

He was alfo called 2 No?nius> which fignifies either a 
Shepherd, becaufe he fed the Cattle of Admetus ; or 
becaufe the Sun, as it were, feeds all Things that the 
Earth generates, by his Pleat and Influence. Or per¬ 
haps this Title may fignify h Lawgiver ; and was given 
him, becaufe he made very fevere Laws, when he was 
King of Arcadia. 

He is called Pcean , either from c allaying Sorrows , or 
from his exa£l Skill in Hunting $ wherefore he is 
arm’d with Arrows, And we know that the Sun ftrikes 
us, and often hunts us with bis Rays, as with fo many 
Darts. By this Name Paan, his Mother Latona , and 
the Spectators of the Combat, encouraged Apollo , when 
he fought with the Serpent Python , crying frequently, 
d Strike him , Psean, with thy Darts. By the fame Name 
the Difeafed invoke his Aid, crying, c IJeal i/s y Pasan. 
And hence the Cuftom came, that not only all Hymns 
in the Praife of Apollo were called Pceanes , but alfo, in 
all Songs of Triumph in the Celebration of all Vi&ories, 
Men cried out* lo Pecan. After this Manner the airy 
and wanton Lover in { Ovid adls his Triumph too. 
And from this Invocation Apollo himfelf was called "ieioc. 



a No/xsu'f, ?. e . Pallor, quod pavit Admeti gregem, vel 
quod qu a h pafeat omnia, Phurnut. Macrob. b Nop>c, Lex 

Mac rob Cic. 3. dc Nat. Deor. c Xlotpet to muvuv rue; ctvi»s % 

a fedando inoleftias, vel «r«p« to metUiv, a feriendo. Feltus. 
rl *'tI 'irsnuv jacc vel immitte, Paxin ; nenipc teja in feram, 
* T muictv, mcdcre Paap. 

f Dicitc fo P<ean, 13 lo , Ids difeiic , Pecan f 
Dccidit in capes pm:da pet it d mcos. 

Sing lo Pecan twice, twice lo fay : 

My Toils arc pitch’d, and I have caught my Prey, 

Ovid, dc Arte A maud. J, 2. 

* • ♦ 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


39 


He is called Pfxzbus g from the great Swiftnefs of his 
Motion, or from his Method of Healing by Purging ; 
fince, by the Help of Phyfic, which was Apollo *s Inven¬ 
tion, the Bodies of Mankind are purged and cured. 

He was named Pythius , not only from the Serpent 
Python , which he killed, but likewife from h a/king and 
confulting ; for none among the Gods was more confut¬ 
ed, or delivered more Refponfes, or fpake more Oracles, 
than he; efpecially in the Temple, which he had at Del¬ 
phi ,> to which all Sorts of Nations reforted, fo that it 
was called the Oracle of all the Earth The Oracles 
were given out by a young Virgin, till one was debauch¬ 
ed : Whereupon a Law was made, that a very ancient 
Woman fhould give the Anfwers, in the Drefs of a 
young Maid, who was therefore call’d Pythia and Py- 
tbiusy one of Apollo's Names ; and fometimes PhaebaSy 
from Phasbusy another of them. But, as to the Man¬ 
ner that the Woman underftood the God’s Mind, Mens 
Opinions differ. Tully fuppofes, that fome Vapours 
exhaled out of the Earth, and affected the Brain much, 
and raifed in it a Power of Divination k . 

P. What was the Tripos on which the Pythian Lady 
fat? : • 

M. Some fay, that it was a Table with thre 4 e Feet, on 
which (he placed herfelf when fhe defigned to give forth 
Oracles \ and, becaufe it was covered with the Skin of 
the Serpent Python^ they call it alfo by the Name of 
Cortina, 1 But others fay, that it was a Vefiel, in which 
{he was plunged before fhe prophefied ; or rather, that 
it was a golden VefTel furnifhed with Ears, and fupport- 
ed by three Feet, whence it was called Tripos ; and 


£ ’Atto re. q>air%v 9 quod vi feratur, vel a purge, 

Lil. Gyr. Synt. y. p. 222. h 'Ano ra *nru»0av£5§«i, ab iuterro- 
gando vcl confulcndo, Hygin. in fab. c. 50. 1 Cic. pro 
Font. Diodor. 1. Stat. Thebaid. Vide Orig. adv. Celf. 3 . 7. 
k Cic. 1. do Diviiw 14. apud Lil. Gyr. 1 Flat, in Solon. 

D 4 


on 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


on this the Lady fat down. It happened that this Tri¬ 
pos was loft in the Sea, and afterwards taken up in the 
Nets of Fifhermen, who mightily contended amongft 
themfelves, who fhould have it; the Pythian Prieftefs, 
being afked, gave Anfwer, that it ought to be fent to 
the wifejl Man of all Greece . Whereupon it was car¬ 
ried to Thales of Miletus ; who fent it to Bias , as to a 
wifer Perfon. Bias referred it to another, and that other 
referred it to a fourth; til}, after it had been fent back*- 
ward and forward to all the wife Men, it returned again 
to Thales , who dedicated it to Apollo at Delphos . 

P . Who were the wife Men of Greece ? 

M. Thefe feven, to whofe Names l adjoin the 
Places of their Nativity ; Thales of Miletus , Solon of 
fit bens, Chilo of Lacedcemon , Pittacus of Mytilene , Bias 
of Priene , Cleobu/us of Lindi , and Periander of Co¬ 
rinth, I will add fome remarkable Things concerning 
them. 

Tholes was reckoned among the wife Men, becaufe 
he was believed to be the firft that brought Geometry 
into Greece . He firft obferved the Courfes of the T imes, 
the Motion of the Winds, the Nature of Thunder, and 
the Motions of the Sun and the Stars. Being afked. 
What he thought the difllculteft Thing in the World ? 
he anfwered, to know one's felf ; which perhaps was the 
Occafton of the Advice written on the Front of Apol¬ 
lo's Temple, to thofe that were about to enter, m Know 
thyflf. For there are very few that know themfelves. 

VVhen Solon vifited Craefus the King of Lydia , the 
Xing (hewed his vaft Treafures to him, and afked 
him whether he knew a Man happier than he ? Tes 9 
fays Solon , I know Tell us, a very poor 9 but a very virtu? 
ous Man at Athens, who lives in a little. Tenement there ; 
and he is more happy than your Majcjly: For , neither 
can thefe Things make us happy , which are jubjehl to 
the Changes of the Times ; nor Is any one to be thought 



m r^Gi cnavTvv, Nofcc teipfum. 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 41 

truly happy till he dies . p It is fa id, when King Crcefus 
was afterwards taken Prifoner by Cyrus , and laid upon 
the Piie to be burnt, he remembered this Saying of 
Solon , and often repeated his Name ; fo that Cyrus ni ked 
why he cried out Solon, and who the God was, whofe 
Afiiftance he begged. Crcefus fa id, I find nou> by Ex¬ 
perience that to be true, which heretofore he find to me ; 
and fo he told Cyrus the Story: Who, hearing it, was 
fo touched with the Senfe of the Vicifiitude of human 
Affairs, that he preferved Crcefus from the Fire, and 
ever after had him in great Honour. 

Chilo had this faying continually in his Mouth, ^ De¬ 
fire nothing too much. Yet, when his Son, had got the 
VitSfory at the Olyynpick Games, the good Man died 
with Joy, and all Greece honoured his Funeral. 

Bias a Man no lefs famous for Learning than Nobility, 
preferved his Citizens a long Time : And when at lafil , 
r fays Duly, his Country Priene was taken ., andtherefil of the 
Inhabitants , in their Efcape, carried away with them as 
tnuch of their Goods as they could ; one advifed him to do 
the fame, but he made Anfwer, s It is what I do already , 
for all the Things that are mine 1 carry about me. He often 
faid, ' that Friends jbould remember to love one another, fo 
as Perfons who may fame times hate one another . 

Of the reft, nothing extraordinary is reported. 


p Plutarch. Herodotus. *1 Ne quid nimium cupias, Plin. 
1 . 7. c. 32. r De Atnicitia. s Ego vero facio, nam omnia 
me a mecum porto. Val. Max. 1 . c. 2. 1 Amicosita amarc 
oporteret ut aliquando eflent ofuri. Lacrt . 

the Fable. 

Apollo means the Sun. 



E VERY one agrees, that by u Apollo the Sun is to be 

underftood ; for, the four chief Prophecies afciib- 
ed to Apollo were, the Arts of Prophrfying , of Heal - 
. . . . .. . . .- .. . . . . »■ » ■ ■ ■» . 



u Cicero de Nat, 3. 





42 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

ing , of Darting , and of Mufick , of all which we may 
find in the Sun a lively Reprefentation and Image. 
Was Apollo famous for his Skill in Prophefying and 
Divination ? And what is more agreeable to the Na¬ 
ture of the Sun, than by its~Lighi to difpel Darknefs, 
and to make manifeft hidden and concealed Truth ? 
Was Apollo famous for his Knowledge of Medicine., 
and his Power of Healing ? Surely nothing in the 
World conduces more to the Health and Prefervation 
of all Things, than the Sun’s Heat and Warmth : And 
therefore thofe Herbs and Plants, which are moll ex- 
pofed to its Rays, are found to have moft Power and Vir¬ 
tue, Thirdly, Is Apollo fkilful in Darting or Shooting? 
And are not the Sun’s Rays like fo many Darts or Ar¬ 
rows fhot from his Body to the Earth ? And laftly, 
how well does Apollo' s Skill in Mufick agree to the Na¬ 
ture of the Sun, which, being placed in the Midft of 
the Planets, makes with them a Kind of Harmony, and 
all together, by their uniform Motion, make, as it were, 
a Concert of Mufick ? And, becaufe the Sun is thus 
placed the middlemoft of the feven Planets, the Poets 
aflert, that the Inftrument which Apollo plays on, is a 
Harp with leven Strings. 

Befides, from the Things facrificed to Apollo , f it ap¬ 
pears that he was the Sun : The firft of which Things 
was the Olive , the Fruit of which fo Jdves the Sun, that 
it cannot be nourifh’d in Places diftantfrom it. 2. The 
Laurely z a Tree of a hot Nature, always flourifhing, 
never old, and conducing not a little towards Divina¬ 
tion, and therefore the Poets are crowned with Laurel. 
3. Among Animals, Swans ,l are offered to him 5 be¬ 
caufe, as was obferved before, they have from Apollo a 
F acuity of Divination, foi they, forefeeing theHappinefs 
in Death, die finging and pleafed. 4. Griffins alfo, and 
C r owsy were facred to him for the fame Reafon •, and the 
f-Jawk , which has Eyes as bright and piercing as the Sun; 

. . m .. 

ft 

1 Theocr. in Here. & Aerius. h Cic. Tufcul. t. 

the 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 43 . 

the Cock) which foretelshis Rifing; and the Grajhopper * 
a Tinging Creature : Wherefore 1 it was a Caftom 
among the Athenians to fallen golden Grafhoppers to 
their Hair, in Honour of Apollo • 

And efpecially, if k we derive the Name of Latona , 
the Mother of Apollo and Diana , from the Greek 
Savw [ lanthano , /a lie hid] it will fignify that before 
the Birth of Apollo and Diana , that is, before the Pro* 
dudlion of the Sun and the Moon, all Thingslay in¬ 
volved in Darknefs : From whence thefe two glorious 
Luminaries afterwards proceeded, as out of the Womb 
of a Mother. 

But, notwithftanding all this, feveral poetical Fa* 
bles have Relation only to the Sun, and not to Apollo , 
And of thofe therefore it is neceflary to treat apart. 


i Thucyd, Schol. Arift, k Vid. Lil. Gyr. i. in Apoll. 



CHAP, VI, 

T'he Sun-. His Genealogy and Names. 

T HIS glorious Sun, which illuftrates all Things 

with his Light, is called <SV, as 1 Tully fays, 
either becaufe he is the O N LY Star that is of that Mag¬ 
nitude ; or becaufe , when he rifes , be puts out all the other 
Stars , and ONLY appears hirrfelf \ Although the Poets 
have faid, that there were five Sols; and Tully reckons 
them up: Yet, whatever they delivered concerning 
each of them feverally, they commonly apply to one, 
who was the Son of Hyperion , and Nephew to /Ether , 
begotten of an unknown Mother. 


1 Vel quia Solus ex omnibus fideribus tantus efl: ; vel 
quia cum exortus cil, ob feu rads omnibus, Solus apparent. 

Oic. tie Nat, Dcorimi, 1, z, & 3 . 

* 


The 


4 4 Of. the Gods of the Heathens. 

The Perfians call the Sun m Mithra , and, account¬ 
ing him the greateft of their Gods,' worfhip him in a 
Cave. His Statue hears the Head of a Lion, on which 
a Turbant, called Tiara , is placed ; and it is cloathed 
with Perjian Attire, holding with both Hands a mad 
Bull by the Horns. n Xhofe that defired to become his 
Priefts, and underfland his Myfteries, did firft undergo 
a great many Hardships, Difgraces, Stripes, Colds, 
Heats, and other "Torments, before they could attain 
to the Honour of that Employment.. And, behold the 
Holinefs of their Religion ! It was not lawful for the 
Kings o iPerJia to get drunk, but upon that Day in 
which the Sacrifices were offered to Mithra °. 

Xhe Egyptians called the Sun p Horns ; whence comes 
the Name of thofe Parrs called Home Hours j into which 
the Sun divides the Day. They reprefented his Power 
by a Sceptre, on the Top of which an Eye was placed ; 
by which they fignify that the Sun fees every Thing, 
and that all Things are feen by his Means. 

Thefe ‘ l Floras were thought to be the Daughters of 
Sol and Chronis , who early in the Morning prepare the 
Chariot and the Horfes for their Father, and open the 
Gates of the Day. 


,n Hefvcli. & La&nnt. Gram, apud Lil. Gyr. n Duns 7. 
Hi fir. ap. A then. 0 Gieg. Nazianz. Orat. i.in Jul. ** Plut. 
Sc Ofir.. s iriomer. Iliad. Sc OdyfT. 4. Plutarch. Boccat. 
I> 4. c. 4. 

* 

SECT. T. Jit!Ions of Sol. 

% 

N O other A£Hons of Sol are mentioned, but his 

Debaucheries, and Love Intrigues between him 
and his Miilrefles ; whereby he obfeured the Honour 
•of his Name : The moffc remarkable of which are 
thefe that follow. 


i. He 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 45 

X. He lay with Vmm in the Ifland of Rhodes y in which 
Time, r it is faid that the Heavens rained CJold, and the 
Earth cloathed itfelf with Rolls and Lilies; from whence 
the Ifland was called s Rhodes . 2. Of Clymene^ he begat 
one Son, named Phaeton, and feveral Daughters, 3. Of 
Necera, he begat Pajiphae , and of Pares , Circe . TTo 
omit the reft of his Brood, of more obfeure Note, ac¬ 
cording to my Method I lhall fay fomethiner of each of 
thefe ; but firft (fince I have mentioned Rhodes) I will 
fpeak a little of the Rhodian Colojfus , which was one of 
the Seven Wanders of the World , and of the other fix. 


r Pindar, in Olymp. s ’Anb rc,v a Rofa. 


SECT. II. Sfhe Seven Wonders of the World . 


P. ITT HAT were thofe Seven Wonders of the World? 

VV M - They are thele that follow. 

* 

1. The. Colojfus. at Rhodes , 1 a Statue of the Sun feventy 
Cubits high, placed a-crofs the Mouth of the Harbour; 
one Man could not grafp his Thumb with bothhis Arms. 
Its Thighs were ftretched out to fuch a Diftance, that a 
large Ship under fail might eafily pafs into the Port be¬ 
twixt them. It was twelve Years making, and coft three 
Hundred Talents”. It flood fifty Years, and at laft was 
thrown down by an Earthquake. And from this Colofs 
the People of Rhodes were named Colojfcnfes , and now 
every Statue of an unufual Magnitude »s called Colojfus . 

2. The Temple of Diana , at Ef hefts , was a VVork: 
of the greateft Magnificence, which the Ancients pro- 
digioufly admired : w Two Hundred and twenty Yeais 
werefpent in finifhing it, though all Afta was employ¬ 
ed. It was fupported by an Hundred and twenty-fci'en 
Pillars, fixty Feet high, each of which was railed by 



* Plin. 34. c. 17 u A Rhodian Talent is worth 327,/. . 
iS.r. 4 d, Englifi Money. w Plin, 1 . 7. c. jb\ & 1 . 16. c. .jo. 



* 

as many Kings. Of thefe Pillars thirty-feven wer& 
engraven. The Image of the Goddefs was made of 
Ebony, as we learn from Hiftory. 

3. The Maufoleum, or Sepulchre of Matifoleus King 
of Carta, x built by his Queen Artemifia, of the purelt 
Marble ; and yet the Workmanfhip of it was much 
more valuable than the Marble. It was, from North 
to South, fixty-three Feet long, almoft four hundred 
and eleven Feet in Compafs, and twenty-five Cubits, 
(that is, about thirty-five Feet) high, furrounded with 
thirty-fix Columns, that were beautified in.a wonder¬ 
ful Manner: And from this Maufoleum all other fump- 
tuous Sepulchres are called by the fame Name. 

4. A Statue of Jupiter, in the Temple of the City 
y Olympia, carved with the greateft Art by Phidias , out 
of Ivory, and made of a prodigious Size. 

5. The Walls of the City of Babylon, (which was 
the Metropolis of Chaldea) z built by Queen Semiramis, 
whofe Circumference was fixty Miles, their Breadth 
fifty Feet; fo that fix Chariots might conveniently 
pals upon them in a Row. 

6. The 1 Pyramids of Egypt; three of which, remar¬ 
kable for their Height, do ftill remain. The firft has a 
fquare Bafts, and is one hundred and forty-three Feet long 
and a Thoufand high: It is made of fuch great Stones, 
that the leaft of them is thirty Feet thick. Three hun¬ 
dred and fixty-thoufand Men were employed in building 
it, for the Space of twenty Years. The two other Pyra¬ 
mids, which are fomewhat fmaller, attract the Admira¬ 
tion of all Spectators. And in thefe Pyramids, it is re¬ 
ported, the Bodies of the Kings of Egypt lie interred. • 

7. The Royal Palace of 4 Cyrus , King of the Medes, 
made by Menon, with no lei's Prodigality than Art; 
for, he cemented the Stones with Gold. 


* Plin. lib. 36. c. 5. y Idem. 1 . 36. c. 3, '■'''Idem. 1 . 6 . 

c. 26. 1 Plin. 1 . 36. c. 13. Belo. 1 , 2, q. 32, Sing. Obfcr- 
vat. 1 Calepin. V, Miracuhnn. 

SECT. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 47 


SECT. III. The Children of the Sun . 

N OW let us turn our Difcourfe again to Sots 

Children j the moft famous of which was Phae - 
ton y who gave the Poets an excellent Opportunity of 
fhewing their Ingenuity by the following A6fion. Epa - 
phus, one of the Sons o t Jupiter, quarrelled with Phae - 
ton, and faid, that, though he called himfelf the Son of 
rfpollo , he was not 5 and that his Mother Clymene in¬ 
vented this Pretence only to cover her Adultery. This 
Slander fo provoked Phaeton , that, by his Mother’s Ad¬ 
vice, he went to the Royal Palace of the Sun , to bring 
from thence fome indubitable Marks of his Nativity. 
The Sun received him, when he came, kindly, and own’d 
him his Son 5 and, to take away all Occafion of Doubt¬ 
ing hereafter, he gave him Liberty to a(k any Thing, 
fwearing by the Stygian Lake (which Sort of Oath none of 
th eGods dare violate) that he would not deny Him. Here¬ 
upon Phaeton defired leave to govern his Father's Cha¬ 
riot for one Day, which was the Occafion of great 
Grief to his Father; who, forefeeing his Son’s Ruin 
thereby, was very uneafy that he had obliged himfelfto 
grant a Requeft fo pernicious to his Son ; and there¬ 
fore endeavoured to perfuade him not to perfift in his 
Defire, a telling him that he fought his own Ruin,andi 
was dcfirous of undertaking an Employment above his 

Ability, 


a -- Temeraria dixit 

Vox mea facia tua eJK Utinarn promijfa liceret 
Non dare; Confitecr , folum hoc tibi y nate , negarent. 
DiJJttadere licet . Non cjl tua tut a <vohmtas ; 

Magna pet is , Phaeton, iff qua; non nj'tribus if is 
Muncra conveniunt , nee tarn puerilibus awiis. 

Sors tua wortalis : von ejl wort a /e, quod opt as, 
*T\vas this alone I could refufe a Son, 

Elfe by’s own Wilh and my rail; Oath undone. 


Thou 


48 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 

Ability* and which no Mortal was capable to execute. 
b Phaeton was not moved with the good Advice of his 
Father, but prefled him to keep his Promife, and per¬ 
form what he had fworn by the River Styx to do. In 
fhort, the Father was forced to comply with his Son’s 
Rafhnefs; and therefore unwillingly granted what w*as 
not now in his Power, after his Oath, to deny ; never- 
thelefs, he directed him how to guide the Horfes, and 
efpecially he advifed'him to obferve the middle Path. 
Pbaetonw&s tranfported with Joy, c mounted the Cha¬ 
riot, and taking the Reins, he began to drive the Hor- ‘ 
fes, which, finding him unable to govern them, ran 
away, and fet on Fire both the Heavens and the Earth. 
Jupiter 9 to put an End to the Conflagration, ftruck 
him out of the Chariot yvith Thunder, and caft him 
headlong into the River Po . • His Sifters Phaethufa , 
Lampetia , and Phceba , lamenting his Death inceflfant- 
ly upon the Banks of that River, were turned, by the 


Thou to thy Ruin my rafli Vow doll wreft : 

O 1 would I could break Promife. Thy Rcqueft, 
Poor haplcfs Youth, forego ; retrafrit now. 

Recall thy Wifh, and I can keep my Vow. • 

Think, Phaeton, think o’er thy wild Defires,. 

That Work more Years, and greater Strength, requires: 
Confine thy Thoughts to thy own humble Fate : 

What thou would’# have, becomes no mortal State. 

i> .- Difiis 'tamen ille repugn at , 

Propqfilumquc premit , Jlagratquc c up i dine currus •. 

In vain to move his Son the Father aim’d. 

He, with Ambition’s hotter Fire inflam’d. 

His Sire’s irrevocable Promife claim’d. 

c Occupat ille leuem jwvcntli corpore airrum , 

Staique Jt(per, manibufque datas contingere hah an as 
Gaudet , C5 invito grates agit inde parentu 
Now Phactcn , by lolly Hopes poflefs’d. 

The burning Seat witli joyful Vigour prefs’d ; 

With nimble Hands the heavy Reins he weigh’d. 

And Thanks unplcafing to his Father paid. 

Qvid % Met am 1.2. 

5 Pit y 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 4 $ 

Pity* of the Gods into Poplar-Trees y from that Time 
weeping Amber inftead of Tears. A great Fire that 
happened in Italy near the Pa y in the Time of King 
Phaeton , was the Occafion of this Table. And the Am* 
bitious are taught hereby what Event they ought to ex¬ 
pert, when they (oar higher than they ought. 

p Circe , the mod: fkilful of all Sorcerefles, poilbned 
her Hufband, a King of the Sarmatians 5 for which 
fhe was banifhed by her Subje£ts, and, flying into Italy , 
fixed her Seat upon the Promontory Ctrcceum , where 
ihe fell in Love with Glaucus a Sea God , who at the 
lame Time loved Scylla : Circe turned her into a Sea- 
Monfler, by poifoning the Water in which fhe ufed to 
walh. She entertained Ulyffes , who was driven thither 
by the Violence of Storms, with great Civility 5 and 
reftored his Companions unto their former Shapes ; 
whom, according to her ufual Cullom, Ihe had chang¬ 
ed into Hogs, Bears, Wolves and the like Beads. XJlyf 
fes was armed againft her AfiaultS; fo that Ihe fet upon 
him in vain. It is faid that fhe drew down the very 
Stars from Heaven 5 whence we are plainly informed 
that Voluptuoulhefs (whereof Circe is the Emblem) 
alters Men into ravenous and filthy Beads 5 that even 
thole who with the Luflre of their Wit and Virtue 
fhine in the World as Stars in the Firmament, when 
once they addi£t themfelves to obfeene Pleafures, be¬ 
come obfeure and inconfiderablc, falling, as it were, 
headlong from the Glory of Heaven, 

q Pajipbae was the Wife of Minos , King of Crete • 
She fell in Love with a Bull, and obtained her Delirc 
by the Aflidance of Dtsdalus y who, for that Purpole, 
inclofed her in a wooden Cow: She brought forth a 
Minotaur , a Monfler, one Part of which was like a 
Man, the other like a Bull. r Now the Occafion of 


p Ovicl. Metam, 14. q Ovid. Mctam. 1. 
ap. Boccat. 1 . 4. 


% 


r Scrv. 



E 


50 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

* 

this Fable, they fay, was this : Pajtphae loved a Man- 
whole Name was c Taurm , and had Twins by him in 
Da claim’'* Houfe \ one of whom was very like her 
Hufband Minos , and the other like its Father.- But 
however that is, the Minotaur was fhut up in the La¬ 
byrinth that Dadalus made by the Order of King Mi- 
7 ios . This Labyrinth was a Place diverfified with ve¬ 
ry many Windings and Turnings, and Crofs-paths 
.running into one another. How this Minotaur was 
killed,- and by whom, I Hi all fhew particularly in its 
Place in the Hiftory of Thcfeus . p Dadalns was an ex¬ 
cellent Artificer of Athens j who'fir ft, as it iS faid, in¬ 
vented the Ax, the Saw, the Plumb-line, the Augre, 
and Glue ; alfo he firft contrived Mails and Yards for 
Ships: Bcfides, he carved Statues fo admirably, that’ 
they not only feemed alive, but would never {land ftill 
in one Place; nay, would fly away unlefs they were 
chained. This D acclaim , together with Icarus his Son, 
was fhut up by Minos in the Labyrinth which he had 
made, becaufe he had aflifled the Amours of Pajiphae 5 
whereupon he made Wings for himfelf and his Son, 
with Wax and Feathers of Birds : Fattening thefe 
Wings to his Shoulders, he flew out of Crete into Si¬ 
cily ; at which Time Icarus , in his Flight, neglcdted 
his Father’s Advice, and obferved not bis due Courfe, 
but, out of a juvenile Wantonnefs, flew higher than 
he ought ; whereupon the Wax was melted by the 
Heat of the Sun, and the Wings broke in Pieces, and 
he fell into the Sea, which is face,, ‘i according to Ovid 3 
named the I car lan Sea from him. 

To thefe Children of the Sun , we may add his 
Niece and his Nephew Ilyb/is and Gamuts, JJyhlis 
was fo much in Love with Gamuts > though he was her 

S 

4 

- -- -— ■ ■ ^ — --^ --- ~ — -~ - — — - 


r Ovid. Me tarn. 1. 8. Pan fin. in Attic, 
s Icarus ]cards notnina fecit a q it is. Ovid, 1 . Trill. 

lairiam Seas from Icarus were call’d. 

Brother,, 



JYaA //\ 




v 























































































































































































Of the Gods of the Heat hens . 51 

Brother^ that, Ale employed all her Charms to entice 
him to (fonjitfit Incefl ; and when nothing would’oeer- 
come his Modefty, fhc followed him fo long, that at 
Jaft being quite opprefled with Sorrow and lath out, 
fhe fat down under a 'Free, and fived fuch a Quantity 
of Tears, f that file was com ci ted into a Fountain. 


t Sic lachrymh co nfi r m f t a\fiii r PSrrbvia Byblis 
■Vertitur in J .ntcm y . qui wnc qutque <vcuH$tas- unis 

Nomen habci tjowin#*'jtl^raque.juh since msuuG. . * Ov. Met 

Thus the Byll.s Cent in tears - . 

Becomes a living Fountain, which \vt bears 
Her Name, raid, undei a black Fh-hn that erows 

• * • ^ 1 O 

In thofe rank Vulhcs, plentifully liowj. Sandy's. 


♦ 4 


• # * 


* 4 


J . 


* • 


c tiA p. vri. 


a 


M E JR/CUR Y. 


Ills linage and Birth 


^w HO ]nhtt young ?*Tan, Khvitli a civerful 

VV Countenance, an honeii F^ook, and jivJy 

Eyes 3 who is fo fair without Paint; having Wings fb; ;d 

to his Hat'arid his Shoes, and a Hod iiihfs Handy widen 

is wipgcd^and bound about by a Couple of Serpents ? 

M.-Ltii the Image of Mercury , as the Egygihrrs ; aint 

him ; whole Face is partly black. and dark, and n. Ty 
* * - ' - « * * * • « ~ 

clear 

the Q 


wears 


(which are properly called Talar la) 
Wings' are alfo fattened to his I fat (which is alfo call.-d 
Pctafus) becaufe, finc'e he is the Mellon ger of the God.-;, 
he ought not only to run but to fly. 
jP.’ 'OF wHafTafents was he born ? 


t 

f 


r ' « Galen, ap. Nat, Com. 1 . 5 

E % 


M. His 


5 Z 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


M . h His Parents were Jupiter , and Mala the Daugh¬ 
ter of Atlas ; and for that Reafon, perhaps, they ufed 
to offer Sacrifices to him in the Month of May. They 
fay that Juno fuckled him a while in his Infancy j and 
once, while he fucked the Milk very greedily, his 
Mouth being full, it ran out of it, upon the Heavens ; 
which made that white Stream which they call 1 the 
Milky Way. * 


h Hefiod. in Theogon. Hor. carm. 
quam Graeci vocant Galaxiam, «Vo 
Macrob. Sc Suidas. 


Li. * via la£lea 
Tti yccftrotl©* a ladle 


SECT. I. 


Mercury. His Offices and Qualities. 


P. TT 7 HAT were Mercury's Offices and Qualities? 

VV M . He had many Offices, i. k The firft 
and chiefeft of them was to carry the Commands of 
Jupiter ; whence he is commonly called the Mejfenger 
cf the Gods . 2. He fwept the Room where the Gods 

lupped, and made the Beds ; and underwent many o- 
ther the like fervile Employments ; hence he was ftiled 
1 Camillus or Cafmillus , that is, an inferior Servant of the 
Gods $ for anciently m all Boys and Girls under Age 
were called Camilli and n Camilles : And the lame Name 
was afterwards given to the young Men and Maids, 
who ° attended the Priefts at their Sacrifices : Though 
the People of Basotia p , inftead of Caniillus^ fay Cadmil~ 
lus ; perhaps from the Arabic Word Chadam , to ferve; 
or from the Phoenician Word Chadtnel , God*s Servant , 
or Miniftcr facer • 3. ^ He attended upon dying Per- 

fons to unloofe their Souls from the Chains of the 

1 


k Lucian, dial. Mai<e & Mcrcurii. 1 Stat. Tullian. 
2..de vocab. rerum. ”‘*Serv. in 12 JEn. n Pacuv. in Me*- 
dea. Dion. Halicarn. 1.2. Macrob. Saturn, 3. 0 Bocliart, 

Geogr. 1 , 1. c, 2, i’ Sophocl. in CEdip. Horn. Odyffi u. 

Body, 


Of the 'Gods' of the Heathens . 



Body, and to carry them to Hell. He alfb revived, and 
placed into new Bodies, thole Souls which had com- 
pleated their full Time in the Elyjian Fields, s Almoft 
all which Things Virgil does comprife in feven Verfes# 
His remarkable Qualities were likewife many. r. 
They fay, that he was the Inventor of Letters. This is 
certain, he excelled in Eloquence, and the Art of /peak¬ 
ing well $ infomuch that the Greeks called him Hermes 9 
from his Skill r in interpreting or explaining ; and there¬ 
fore he is accounted * the God of the Rhetoricians and 
Orators. 2. He is reported to have been the Inven¬ 
tor of Contra&s, Weights, and Meafures; and to have 
taught the Arts of Buying, Selling, and Trafficking 
flrft; and to have received the Name of Mercury from 
1 his underjlanding of Merchandize . Hence he is accoun¬ 
ted the God of the Merchants , and the God of Gain ; 
fo that all unexpe&ed Gain and Treafure, that comes 
of a fudden, is, from him, called l^Tov or uTcv 
[ Hermeion or Hermann.] 3. In the Art of Thieving 

4 * 

• 1 

<3 Dixerat . llle patris magni parere parahat 
Imperio, & primum pedibus tdiaria neiiit 
A are a, qua fublimem alts Jive aquora fupra 
Seu terrain rapido pariter cum famine portant. 

Tum virgarn capit ; hac animas ille pvocat Ore * 

Pallentesy alias fitb trifia Tartar a mitt it : 

Dat fomnos , adimitque , lumina morte ref gnat • 

Hermes obeys ; with golden Pinions binds 

His flying Feet, and mounts the Weftern Winds: 

And, whether o’er the Seas or Earth he flies. 

With rapid Force they bear him down the Skies. 

But firll he grains, within his awful Hand, 

The Marks of lovereign Pow’r, his magick Wand ; 
With this he draws the Souls from hollow Graves ; 
With this lie drives them down the Stygian Waves; 

With this he feals in fleep the wakeful Sight, 

And Eyes, tho’ clos’din Death, reftores to light. VirJEn. 4. 
r *A no ritippwvivtiv, i. c. ab interpretando. ■ Tcrtul. 1 . 
de Coronis. Fcftus. Fulgent. x A mercibus, vcl a mercium 
cura, Philoftrat. in Soph. 3. 

£3 


54 


Of the Gods' of t/jc Ifyatl^hs 


p he cfrt^inly cecceUcd ail the Sharpers, jhat. ever were,' 
or will be : tor he is fh^ very Prince and Gp,d of thieves. 
The very Day in w^tch he was.born, \rc fickle away fome. 
Cattle i 1urn-King AdtgietuJy> Herd, although .fpulip was 
fCecpcf oi diem ^ who complained- nurch pi Uae Tfycit, 
arid bent his 11 ow ajaiull him: But, in the mean Time,- 
Mercury Hole even his ArrowsTopi him. .Vyhilit he 
was yat ap ; infant, and entertained by Aulcaa, he {lole 
liis Tools from him. lit* took away by Stealth ffynus’s 

Ciirdle, whiUl (he embraced jfim \ and .Scep¬ 

tre : He .dtfigned to Heal the Th.un<4er. too, but he was 
ai t aid leii it Humid burn Ifrn. 4. He/vyas mightily Wil¬ 
ful in pfiikhtsi Pt.’ce ; and for that Rw.don was lome- 

9 O ' « « 

times palmed with Chaii.s <>i Gold flovuim from his, 

. / • * 4 . « i v » O * V-l fc *i f 

Mouth, with which lie linked <together the Minds ot 
thole that heaid him. r A«d he not only pacified mor¬ 
tal Men, but aho the hpinpital <^od& of Heaven and 
Hell j fur, wherever• they quarrelled' among them- 
Ivhe-, he cc mooted their Differences. ’ 

i * • • | ' 

Am! this purificatory of nis is figrijicd by the 

Red that he hoUh in his Hand, which Apollo heretofore 
gave him, bccaufc he had'given Agfdlofiw Harp. ‘J This 
Iriu had a wonderful Faculty of deriding ail Contra - 
Her Jit St This. Vutue was firfl difcoVer.ed by Mar - 
ary ; who feting two Serpents fighting as he tra¬ 
velled, he put his Rod between them,, and reconciled 


r Lucian. Dial. A poll. Sc V’ulc. 

*3 Paris & armor ton , Ja gods imifque Dorn, pi , • • •• 

Arbiter , a la to qui pede car pit iter. Ovid. Fall. 1 , 5* 
Thee wing’d-foc.t all the Gods, both high and low. 
The Arbiter of Peace and War allow., , 

Atlantis c fegeece A epos, commune ppofundis , • 

Et Jupe, ' 1 Aumen,qid fas perjipien iitrumquc 

Seles hab.es, gemiveque facts compendia munjo,' , 

Fair PlaJa 's Son, whole Pow'r ailone doth reach . 
High iieftvcipa.hagh.t Towers,Ilell’s.dpflty Beach, 
A common God to both, dofl both t^e Worlds appeafe, 

Gltpiidlqn d^ Rapt. Prof 

tnem 



56 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

When Mercury perceived that his Theft was di(cover¬ 
ed, he went to Battus , and defired that he would fay no¬ 
thing, and gave him a delicate Cow. Battus promifed 
him Secrecy. Mercury , to try his Fidelity, came in 
another Shape to him, and afked him about the Cows : 
Whether he faw them, or knew the Place where the 
Thief carried them? Battus denied it; but Mercury 
preffcd him hard, and promifed that he would give him 
both a Bull and a Cow, if he would difcQver it. With 
th is Promife he was overcome whereupon Mercury 
was enraged, and, laying afide his Difguife, turned him 
into a Stone called Index . This Story Oz//<idefcriWes in 
fuch elegant Verfes that I cannot but recite them r . 

T he Ancients ufed to fet up Statues where the Roads 
croffed : thefe Statues they called Indices , becaufe, with 
an Arm or Finger held out, they {hewed the Way to this 
or that Place. The Romans placed fome in Public Places 
and Highways ; as the Athenians did at their Doo;s, to 
drive away Thieves j and they called thefe Statues 
Hermes^ from Mercu>y y whofe Greek Name was Hermes ; 
Concerning which fiermcs it is to be obferved, 

1. Thefe Images have neither 5 Hands nor Feet, and 
from hence Mercury was called Cyllenius , and by Con- 
tra£tion 1 Cyllius 7 which Words are derived from a Greek 


» 1 * ■ . . ‘ * ' > " " L ■ ! **■* 1 1 • - — ——. . — ■ ■ 1 1 m hi ■ ■ 1 ■ ■ m> 

r At Battus poftquam cjl merccs geminates , fuh illis 
Monti bus, inquit , erant : & erant fub montibus illis • 

Rijtt At lain tades, & me mi hi, per fate, prodis : 

Me mi hi prodis, ait c perjuraque peStora njcrtit 
In durum Jiliccm , qui nunc quoque dicitur Index. 

Battus, on th* double Proffer, tells him, there 3 
Beneath thofe Hills, beneath thofc Hills they were. 
Then Hermes laughing loud. What Knave, I fay., 

]V{e to inyfelf, myfelf to me betray ? 

Then to a Touch (lone turn’d his perjur’d Bread* 
Whofe Nature now is in that Name exprefs’d. 

* Simt’^Tro^E? k? Herod. 1. 1, t Ki^a©* i. c. rntw 

yuiuify & ptclmn expers. Lil. Gyraldus. 

' Word 

































































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens. 57 

N 

Word fignifying a Man •without Hands and Feet ; and 
not from Cyllene , a Mountain in Arcadia , in which he 
was educated. 

2. A Purfe was ufually hung to a Statue of Mercury , 
* to fignify that he was the God of Gain and Profit^ and 
prefided over Merchandizing; in which, becaufe ma¬ 
ny Times Things are done by Fraud and Treachery, 
they gave him the Name of Dolius. 

3. The Romans ufed to join the Statues of Mercury 
and Minerva together, and thefe Images they called f 
Hermothents ; and facrificed to both Deities upon one 
and the fame Altar. Thofe who hadefcaped any great 
Danger, always offered Sacrifices to Mercury : g They 
offered up a Calf, and Milk, and Honey, and efpeciaily 
the Tongues of the Sacrifices, which, with a great deal 
of Ceremony, they cafl into the Fire, and then the Sa¬ 
crifice was fini filed. It is faid, that the Megare 72 fes fir ft 
ufed this Ceremony. 


c Macrob. & Suid. apud Lip. f Cicero. £paufan. in 
Attic. Ovid. Metam. 4. Calliltrat. Homer. 

CHAP. VIII. 

Bacchus, His Image . 

jL?.X'T 7 'HY do you laugh, Palaophilus P 

V V P- Who can forbear, when he fees that fil¬ 
thy, fhamelefs, and immodeft God, placed next to Mer¬ 
cury \ b with a naked Body, a red Face, lafeivious Looks, 
in an effeminate Pofture, difpirited with Luxury, and 
overcome with Wine. His fwoln Cheeks refemhlc 
Bottles; his great Belly, fat Brcafts, and his diftended 
fwelling Paunch, reprefent a Hogfliead, rather than a 
God to be carried in that Chariot, 



h Euripides in Bacchis, 


M. That 


58 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


M - Thar is no Wonder ; for- it is Bacchus himfclf, 
the God of TVinc , and the Captain and Emperor of Drunk¬ 
ards. He is crowned with Ivy and Vine-leaves. lie 
h?.s a dlfrfus infhrad of a.Sceptre, which is a Javelin 
with an £;<.n IL-ad, encircled by Ivy or Vine-leaves, 
in his Hand. 1 He is carried in a Chariot, which is 
fbrnctnncs drawn by Tygeis and Lions, and Tome- 
times by Lynxes and Panthers: And like a King, he 
has his Guards, k who are a drunken Band of Satyrs, 
Demons, Nymphs that prelide over the Wine-prefTes, 
Fairies of Fountains, and Piiclrcilcs. Sllenus oftentimes 
comes after him, fitting on an A is that bends under 
his Burthen. 

P. But what’s here ? This Bacchus has got Horns, 
and is a young Man without a Beard : 1 have heard, 
that the Inhabitants of Elis paint him like an old Man, 
with a Beard. 

JIL It is true. lie is fomelimcs painted an old Man, 
and fometimes a fmooth and heardlefs Boy: as 1 Ovid 
and m Pihudus deferibe him. I (ball give you the Rea- 
fon of all tlu fe Things, and cf his Horns, mentioned 
alfo in n Ovid) before 1 make an End of this Fable. 


1 Ovid, dc Arte Amandi, Ariltoph. Scholiaft. in Plutum. 
Strabo, 1. z(k Ovid. 3. Metani. Sc 4 .. 

k Cohors Satyrorum, Cobaiorum, Lenarum, Naiadum, 
atque Laccharum. 

1 - Pi In inconfumpta juventa ? 

Y u pucr <c ter/ins, tu for mqfijfimus alto 
Ccn/ficcris ccvlo, tibi, cum fine ccruibns adjlas f 
Virginciim caput eft. 

—-— Still doft thou enjoy 

Unvvafted Youth? Eternally a Boy 

Thou’rt feen in Heaven, whom all Perfections grace? 

And, when unhorn’d, thou haft a Virgin’s Face, 

w Solis art cm a ejl P her bo Bacchoquejuventa. 

PLa:bus and Bacchus only have eternal Youth. 
n Ac cedant capiti cornua, Bacchus tris . 

Clap to thy Head a Pair of Horns, and Bacchus thou fhalt 

be. 


SECT. 


59 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

SEC T. I. 'The Birth cf Bacchus. 

* 

Ty ACC HUS** s t Birth iv-as both wonderful and ridi- 
ciihni', k the Poets r.i ty be heard: as they mult 
when the DtfcouiTe is am ut Fables. 

They t<JI us, th«.t v/hi o 'juq’itcr was in Love with 
Sonic, it wifed j it ;uj\, JeTm’y hit;V .r inn ever be¬ 
fore, Jn>n 'her* f-.re ti.u;i\ou:ui to edit y her; 


and, in toe Smpe of < 


d«i Woman, viivted Snnele , 
Vyifii u he; nuuh J y i o h< r /•.♦ (pi:.t;!taiic£ with 
"jY/p.icr, and aOr-'-bl . « h*\e i».w, '»h.en became 

i hi a Reijuiil ; and 
tlcv-i L) '' i;-i w. S. ■: io eo'/.c t. you ns be it 

T -f be uiii cyne cloathed in nil 
i l Iiod'ur. S. 7hde was great¬ 
ly piealed w-iih t v ,\d-he; ar.d thrrekve, when 
j npi Ur 


ter l>oun 


Pit V. 

* • 

' <L 

c 

V < • 4 . • * 

* 

» * 1 
.it * 1 

1 o j-. 

PM. 

A If i 

« 

• 1 

' J ’ 

ii h t 

1 

V - 

•d 1 .C 

r j: 

no- 

'• . • 

Vt M 

Ml > 

ic-f i- 

* 

^ ■— ^ 


Vi.it it \\ nuld . 


n 7 

ot iiune cncou- 


■r < • 


.t.i> 1 .i i M f. /. * it. mil. c n:iuuis • 

% * +> • 

Ci/i JjetUy it ■ e, r.!, ’in /Kit:.') c ref lJam : 
Qj'.rre m.-j/s f f, Sf A H y«*< icnt.iu Junto 

Kniifnu ic.n\rjiS Ii,.:ov y tu Dens tile Durum cjl. 

L ita m-iloy n-uiit.iiijuc pcUus y ftriinraque tint Ml is 
Q’jtsqii'Oy Sprtf 4’ ; ifjtalem Sulurt/Li, dixit y 

< 7 *e jb!et cud left, i inerts cumJceJus inilis y 

Du mi hi i: tainr. 

Sin aikf’d < Y f 7r.-ve a Gift nnnani'U. * 

When .thus the hind conferuing God rcplyM, 
Speak but the Choice, it fhall not bedeny’d: 
And, to confirm lay Faith, let Stygian Gods 
And all he Tenants of Hell’s daik Abodes a 
Witneis my Pr mif.* ; chefe are Oaths that bind. 
And Gods that k.cp eTu jO’Vc him lei f conflu’d. 
Tranfp 'rted with the fa 1 Decree, file feels 
Ev’ri v i/)J^y ^ati^ipjLi^n-in her Ills ; - . /.* • 
And jail about to pcrifli by the Granf •. • 
And kind Compliance of her fond Gallant. 


raged 



60 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

raged by her Lover’s Kindnefs, and little forefeeing 
that what fhe defired would prove her Ruin, begged of 
Jupiter to come to her Embraces in the fame Manner 
that he carefled Juno . What Jupiter had fo folemnJy 
fworn to perform, he could not refufe. He could not 
recall his Words, nor free himfelf from the Obligation 
of his Oath; fo that he puts on all his Terrors, array¬ 
ed himfelf with his greateft Glory, and in the Midft 
of Thunder and Lightning entered Setnele' s Houfe. 
a Her mortal Body was not able to ftand the Shock; 
fo fhe perifhed in the Embraces of her Lover $ for the 
Thunder ftruck her down and ftupefied her, and the 
Lightning reduced her to Afhes. So fatal are the 
rafh Defires of the Ambitious ! When fhe died, fhe 
was big with Child of Bacchus ; who was preferved, 
after his Mother’s Deceafe, in fuch a Manner as will 
make you laugh to hear it: For, the b Infant was taken 
out of his Mother’s Womb, and fewed into Jupiter's 
Thigh, from whence, m Fulnefs of Time, it was born, 
and then c delivered into the Hands of Mercury to be 
carried into Euboea , to Macris , the Daughter of Ari~ 
JiauSy d who immediately anointed his Lips with Ho- 

Say, Take Jove's Vigour as you ufe Jove's Name, 

The fame tne Strength and finewy Force the fame, 

As when you mount the great Satwmia 9 s Bed, 

And, lock’d in her Embrace, diffuiive Qlorics fhed, 

a —__ Corpus mortale tumultus 

Non tulit athereosy donifque jugalibus arjit . 

Nor could her mortal Body bear the Sight 
Of glaring Beams, and ftrong celeftial Light ; 

But fcorch’d all o’er with Jove's Embrace cxpir’d a 
And mourn'd the Gift fo eagerly defir’d, 

b - Genetricis ab alvo 

Eripitur, patrioque tcner (Ji credere dtgnuni eji) 

Jnfuitur femort , maternaque tempera complete 

The imperfedl Bn be, that in the Womb does He, 

Was ta’en by Jove and fow’d into his Thigh, 

His Mother’s Time accompli filing-. 

, c JEurip. Bacch. Nat. Com. 1 . 4. * Apol. 4. Argon. 

nc y % 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


61 

ney, and brought him up with great Care in a Cave, 
to which there were two Gates, 


w 


SECT. II. Names of Bacchus. 

E will firft fpeak of his proper Name, and then 
come to his Titles and Sirname. 

♦ 

.'Bacchus was fo called from a a Greek Word, which 
fignifies to revel ; and, from the fame Reafon, the wild 
TVomen , his Companions, are called b 5 Vhyades and c Mes- 
nades> which Words fignify Madnefs and Folly. They 
were alfo called d Munallones , that is. Imitators or Mi- 
micks; becaufe they imitated Bacchus 9 s Actions. 

. c Biformis , becaufe he was reckoned both a young 
and an old Man, with a Beard, and without a Beard. 
Or, becaufe Wine, whereof Bacchus is the Emblem, 
makes People fometimes chearful and pleafant, fome- 
times peevifh and morofe. . 

He was named f Erifaus , either (as fome think) 
from the Nymph his Nurfe; or from the Ufe of the 
Grapes and Honey, which he invented $ (for Brifa 
fignifies a Bunch of prefled Grapes) or elfe from th& 
Promontory BriJ'a , in the Bland of Lejbos , where he 
was worfhipped. 

B Bromius , from the Crackling of Fire^ and Noife of 
Thunder , that was heard when his Mother was killed 
in the Embraces of Jupiter . 

h Bimater or Bimeter, becaufe he had two Mothers ; 
the firft was Semc!e> who conceived him in the Womb 5 


» ■ . ■ —. . 1 in — ,■■■ . ... 

f 

% 

a rS paKfteva* feu ab infaniendo. Euftntli. 

apud Lil. b 3 An to vUi Ovcct; a furore ac rabie. Virg. 

./Ln, 4. c " A infanio, ferocio. d A 

imitor. c Ayco^po? Diod. apud Lil. ^ f Cornut. in 
Pcrf. Sat 1. k 'A nro ?ov foipti ab incendii crepitu, toni- 
trufejue fouitu. Ovid. 4. Mctain. ll Idem. ibid. 


and 



62 


■ Ofthe Gods of the -Heathens. 


p - - 1 ' " 4 

< and the other,-the Thigh of Jupiter y into which he 

was received after he was faved* from the Fire.- 

He is called by divers of the Gr ecks c Eugenes , that is, 
born of an-Ox, and from thence *Taurifprnlis A ofEauri- 
ceps ; and he is fuppofed to have Horns, becaufe he firfl: 
ploughed with -Oxen, or becaufe. he w : as the Son* of 
Jupiter A mm on ^ who had the Plead of a Ram. 

d Damon bonus , the good Angel ; and in Fea-fts, after 
the Victuals were taken away, the laft Glafs wasdfunk 
round to his Honour. * 

c Dithyra?nbus , which fignifies either that he was born 
twice, of Serhcle and of Jove ; or,the double Gate, which 
the Cave had in which he was brought up; or perhaps 
it means that Drunkards cannot keep Secrets^; but 
whatever is in the Plead comes into the Mouth, and 
, then burfis f forth, as faft as it would out of two Doors. 

r * • # # 

Dionyfius or Dionyfus? e from : his-Father Jupiter^ or 
from the Nymphs called by whom he was nurf- 

ed, as they fay ; or from a Greek Word, fignifying to h 
prick? becaufe he pricked his Father’s 'Srtle with his 
Plorns, when he was born ; or from Jupiter’s Lame- 
nefs who limped when Bacchus Was in his Thigh; or 
from an I (land among the Cyclades , called -Did, or Naxos , 
which was dedicated to him when he married Ariadne \ 
or laftly from the City of Nyfa , in which Bacchus 
reigned. 

k Evihus , or Evchits . For, in the War of the Giants, 
when Jupiter did not fee Bacchus , he thought that 


c Beysuvfc i. e. a bove genitus. Clemens Strom. Euf. I. 4 , 
Frrep. Evang. d Diodor. 1. ij. Idem. 1. 3 . c ’a? to t« $<; 
tU 0 vgav dvaficcimv, a bis in januam ingrediendo. Diodor. 
Orig. Eufob. f Quah per geminam portam, hie pro- 
vcrbialiter dc vino, tacit to r6fj.ee ci, Ovpv. ® A wo m a. 
Jove, Phurnut. in fab. h a viaro-w pungo, Lucian. Dial. 
1 n vs-oc t i. c. claudus, Nonn, 1, 9 .. k Elicu vU ! .Eheu 

iiii! Eurip. in Bacch. 


he 



Of the Gods of the He at he, 


6 3 


lie was killed, and cried out, k Alas Son ! Or, becaufe 
when he found that Bacchus had overcome the Giants, 
by changing himfelf into aTion, he cried out again, 
1 JVelldofu ?, Son. 

,n Eva?!) from the Acclamation of the Bacchantes , 

who were therefore called Evantcs. 

Euchius , n becaufe Bacchus fills his GJafs plentifully, 
even up to the Brim . 

0 Eleleus and Elcus\ from the- Acclamation where¬ 
with they animated the Soldiers before' the Fight, or 
encouraged them in the Battle icfclf. The fame Ac¬ 
clamation was alfo ufed in celebrating the Orgla^ which 
were Sacrifices offered up to Bacchus . 

p Iacchus was alfo one of his Names, from'the Nolle 
which Men when drunk make: And this * Title is 
given him by Claudi'cm ; from wfipfer Account of Bac- 
chus , we may learn, that h : e ; was not always naked, but 
fometimes cloathed with fhfe Skin of a Tyger. 

* S. 

Lenaus ; becaufe, as Do}iatus t fays, r Wine palliates 
and affuages the Sorrows of Men’s Minds. But Servius 
thinks that this Name, fince it is a Greek Name, ought 
not to be derived from a Latin Word, as Demins fays, 
but from a Greek s Word, which fignifies -the Vat or 
Profs. in which Wine-is made. 


k Virg. ^En. 7. 1 E 5 vie Euge fill ! Cornut. in Pcrf. 

A cron, in Horat. *" Virg. yKn. 6. Ovid.4. Metam. 

n Ab £ i. e. bene ac large fun do. Nat. Com. J. t;. 0 Ah 

exclamations bellica. Ovid. 4. Metam. ALfchyl. in 
Jrometh. 

V Ab tuxx : vu clamo, vocifcror. 

<3 Lei'tujque Jhmtl f roc edit Iacchus 

Cr in alt jiorens hedera : Quem Parthica ^Tigris 
Eclat, & any at os in nod tan colli git ungues. 

- - - ‘The Jolly God conics in. 

His Hair with Ivy twin’d, his Cl oaths a Tygcr’s Skin! 
Whole Golden Claws arc clutch’d into a Knot. 

« 

de Rafttt Projirp, J. r. 
f Quod Icniat mentem vinmn. 8 ’Avr© to? ?.:vov or 

Tsr.f,uv, i. e. lorcuJari. Servius in Virg. Georg. 1 . 2. 


Liber 



64 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 

a Liber and Liber Pater , from Libera ; as in Greek 
they call him [ Eleutberios j the Deliverer ; for 

he is the Symbol of Liberty , and was worlhipped in all 
free Cities. 

Lyrsus and Lyceus fignify the feme with Liber : For 
Wine b frees the Mind from Cares ; and thofe, who 
have drank plentifully, fpeak whatever comes in their 
Minds, as c Ovid fays. 

The Sacrifices of Bacchus were celebrated in the 
2 sTight) wherefore he is called J Ny&ilius. 

Becaufe he was educated upon the Mountain Nija , 
he is called Nifatus c . 

Reftusy ’Ofibs [ Orthos ] bccaufe he taught a certain 
King of Athens to dilute his Wine with Water ; thus 
Men, who through much Drinking ftagger’d before, by 
mixing Water with their Wine, begin to go Jlraight . 

His Mother Semele and his Nurfe were fometimea 
called Thyo\ therefore from thence they called him f 
4 Thyoneus . 

Laftly, he was called * Triumphus ; becaufe when in 
Triumph the Conquerors went into the Capitol, the Sol¬ 
diers cried out, lo Triumphs! 


a Virg. 7. Eel. Plutarch, in Probl. Paufan. in Attic. 
b *At to 'r£ to'itr, i. e, a folvendo. 
c Cura fugtt , multo diluiturque mero . 

The plenteous Bowl all Care difpels. Ov. de Art . 

d NlxIWw i. e. node perficio. Phumut. in Bacch. Ovid. 
Metam. 4. c Ovid. ib. 

*' Hor.l. 1. Carm. s Var, deLing. Lat. 


SECT. III. ABions of Bacchvs. 


T>ACCHUS invented tt fo many Things ufeful to Man- 
^ kind, either in finifhing Controvcrfies, in building 
Cities, in making Laws, or in obtaining Vi&orics, that 


*Diod. I. 5. Hitt. Sc Orof. I. 2. Hor. Ep. 2. 

he 


* 



ie Was declared a God by the joint t SuifFrageg of the 
whole World. And,- indeed, what coul^i not Bacchus 
himfelf do, when his Priefteffes, by flrilqng the Earth 
with their Thyrft * drew forth Rivers of Milk, .and Ho¬ 
ney, and Wine, and wrought feveralfuch Miracles'* 
without the leaft Labour? And yet they received their 
whole Power from Bacchus . 

i. He invented the a Ufe of Wind; and firft taught 
the Art of planting the Vine from whence it is made ; 
as alfo the Art of making Honey, and tilling the Earth. 
This b he did among the People of JEgypt^ who there¬ 
fore honoured him as a GW, and called him Ofiris . 
Let Bacchus, have Honour, becaufe he_ invented the 
Art of planting Vines : but let him not refufe to the 
Afs of Nduplia its Praifes, who,- by gnawing Vines , 
taught the Art of pruning them.' 

2.* He invented c Commerce and Merchandise, and 
found out 
nicia. 


Navigation* when he was King of Phae- 


. 3. Whereas Men wandered about unfettled, like 
Beafts, d he reduced them into Society and Union: 
He taught them to worfhip the Gods* and was excel¬ 
lent in rrophefying. 

4. He fubdued India , and many other Nations, rid¬ 
ing on an Elephant: c He vidtorioufly fubdued Egypt , 
Syria , Phrygia , and all the Eaft ; where he eredted 
Pillars, as Hercules did in the Weft : He firft invented 
Triumphs and Crowns for Kings;. 

5. Bacchus was defirous to reward Midas the King 
of Phrygia (of whofe Afs’s Ears we fpake before) be- 
caufe he had done fome Service to him ; and bid him 
afk what he would. Midas defired, that whatfoever he 


n Ovid. 3 . Fuflorum. h Dion, dc Situ Orbis. Vide 
Nat. Com. 

c Idem, ibid. ,f Ovid. Faflorum, Euripid. in ILcch. 
c Dion, do Situ Orbis. 


F 


touched 



6 <S Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

touched might become Gold ; f Bacchus was troubled 
that Midas afked a Gift that might prove fo deftru£tive 
to bimfelf ; however, he granted his Requefl, and gave 
him the Power he defired. Immediately whatever 
das touched became Gold; nay, when he touched his 
Meat or Drink, they alfo became Gold : When there¬ 
fore he faw that he could not efcape Death by Hunger 
or Thirft, he then perceived that he had foolifhly 
begged a deftru&ive Gift; and repenting his Bargain, 
he defired Bacchus to take his Gift to himfelf a^ain. 
Bacchus confented, and bid him bathe in the River 
Paftolns : Midas obeyed ; and from hence the Sand of 
that River became Gold, and the River was called 
Chryforrhoos , or Aurijluus, 

6, When he was yet a Child, fome "Tyrrhenian Ma¬ 
riners found him afieep, and carried him into a Ship ; 
wherefore he firft ftupified them, flopping the Ship in 
fuch a Manner that it was unmoveable : afterwards he 
caufed Vines to fpring up in the Ship on a fudden, and 
Ivy twining about the Oars : and when the Seamen 
were almofl dead with the Fright, he threw them head¬ 
long into the Sea, and changed them into Dolphins* 
Ovid. Met am. 3, 


f Annui t op tat is, mcituraque muiicra fol<vit 
Liter ; & indohiit , quod non ?neliora pet iff et . 

To him his harmlefs Wifh Lyams gives. 

And at the Weaknefs oFs Requclt he grieves, 

Latus Label, guudetqiu: male. 

Glad he departs, and joys in’a Mifery. . Ov. Met. 11. 

T 

SECT. IV. 1 the Sacrifices of Bacchus. 

TT N Sacrifices there are three Things to be confider- 
JL ed, the Creatures that are offered ; the Priefis who 
©flvred them ; and thirdly, the Sacrifices thcmfelvcs, 
which arc celebrated with peculiar Ceremonies. 

I. Amongft 


Of fbe Gods of the Heathens* 



1 . Amongft Trees and Plants, s ihefe were facied 
Or confecrated to Bacchus , the /'/>, the Ivy , Bindweed* 
the and the Vine* Among AnimaP, the Dragon 
and the Pye, fignifying the Talkativeness of drunken 
People. The Goat was flain in his Sacrifices, becaufe 
he is a Creature definitive to the Vines. And, among 
the /Egyptians, they facrificed a Swine to his Honour 
before their Doors. 

2 . The Priefts and PrieftefTes of Bacchus were h the 
Satyrs , the Silent, the Naiades, but especially the re¬ 
velling Women called Baccbse^ from Bacchus's Name. 

3 . The Sacrifices themfelves were various, and ce¬ 
lebrated with different Ceremonies, according to the 
Variety of Places and Nations. They were celebra¬ 
ted on ftated Days of the Tear, with the greateff Re¬ 
ligion, or rather, with the ranked Profanenefs and 
Impiety. 

Ofcophoria 1 were the fir ft Sacrifices offered up to 
Bacchus: They were firft inftitu'ed by the Phoenicians , 
and when they were celebrated, the Boys, carrying 
Vine-leaves in their Hands, went in Ranks praying, 
from the Temple of Bacchus , to the Chapel of Pallas . 

The k Trieterica were celebrated, in the Winter, by 
Night, by the Bacchce, who went about armed, making 
a great Noife, and foretelling, as it was believed. 
Things to come. Thefe Sacrifices were inti tied 7;7- 
te>ica y becaufe Bacchus returned from his Indian Expe¬ 
dition after three Years. 

The 1 Epilenaa were Games celebrated in the Time 
of Vintage (after that the Prefs for fqueezing the Grapes 
was invented.) They contended with one another, in 
treading the Grapes, who fhould fooneft prefs -out in oft 



« Xenophon in Sacerd. Plutarch, in robl.Symp. Eurip. 

in Bacch. Hcroclot. Euterpe. .. . , \ 

‘ h Vide Nat. Com. L c. 1 Paufiii$\*n Att. \Ovid. 

- J . r. % « • .V f T.i ft • » 1 1 4 


Fall. & Meta morph. 6: 


F 


1 Scholialt/’Jfu Ariflophajn. 


VIall . 


*68 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Mujl ; and in the mean'Time they Tung the Praifes of 
Bacchus , begging that the Mujl might be fweet and good. 

m Canephoria , among the ancient Athenians* were per¬ 
formed by marriageable Virgins, who carried golden 
Bafkets filled with the firft Fruits of the Year. n Ne- 
verthelefs, fome think that thefe Sacrifices were infti- 
tuted to the Honour of Diana , and that they did not 
carry Fruit in the Bafket, but Prefents wrought with 
th eirown Hands, which they offered to this Goddefs , to 
teftify that they were defirous to quit their Virginity, 
and marry. 

Apaturia were Feafts celebrated in Honour of Bac¬ 
chus* fetting forth how greatly Men are ° deceived by 
Wine. Thefe Feftivals were principally obferved by 
the Athenians . 

A?nbrofia p were Feftivals obferved in January , a 
Month facred to Bacchus ; for which Reafon this 
Month was called Lenaus , or Lcna:o* becaufe the Wine 
was brought into the City about that time. ** But the 
Romans called thefe Feafts Brumalia , from Bruma , one 
of the Name of Bacchus among them; and they cele¬ 
brated them twice a Year, in the Months of February 
and Attgujl. 

Afcolia , Feafts fo called, from a Greek r Word fignify- 
ing a Boracho , or Leathern Bottle ; feveral of which were 
produced filled with Air, or as others fay, with Wine. 

3 The Athenians were wont to leap upon them with one 
Foot, fo that they would fometimes fall down ; how¬ 
ever, they thought they did a great Honour to Bacchus 
hereby, becaufe they trampled upon the Skins of the 
Goats, who is the greateft Enemy to the Vines. But 

m Dcmarat. in Certain. Dionyf. n Dorolh. Sydon. apud 
Nat. Com. ° A decipicndo ab 'Anurous, fallo, didla funt 
'Avrcc rtiricc. Vide Nat. Com. in Bac. P Idem. Ibid. ‘i Cad. 
Rliod. I. r 8 . c. 5 . 

1 Ab *Atr*os utris. TV.ctfc 3 in Hcfiod. 

0 Menand, 1. dc My Her. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 69 

among the Romans , Rewards were diftributed to thofe 
who, by artificially leaping upon thefe Leathern Bottles 
overcame the reft ; and then all them together called 
aloud upon Bacchus confufedly, and in Verfcs unpolifh- 
ed ; and, putting on Maflcs, they carried his,Statue a- 
bout their Vineyards, dawbing their P'aces with Barks 
of Trees and the Dregs of Wine : So returning to his 
Altar again, from whence they came, they prefen ted 
their Oblations in Bafons to him, and burnt them. And, 
in the laft Place, they hung upon the higheft: Trees 
little wooden or earthen Images of Bacchus , which, 
from the Smalinefs of their Mouths, were called Of- 
cilla; they intended that the Places, where thefe fmaH 
Images were fet up in the Trees, fhould be, as it were,' 
fo many Watch-Towers, from whence Bacchus might 
look alter the Vines, and fee that they fuffered no In¬ 
juries. Thefe Feftivals, and the Images hungup when 
they were celebrated, are elegantly deferibed by 11 Th •- 
gi / 9 in the fecond Book of his Georgies. 

Daftly, the Bacchanalia , or Dionyfict , or Orgia , were 
the Feafts of Bacchus b , among the Romans , which 

3 — Atque inter pocula l<vti 

Molli bus in prat is unftos falicre per it t res : 

Nec non Anfonii, Trojd gens mijfa colon), . s' 

Verjtbus incomptis Itidunt , rtfuquejoluto , 

Oraque corttcibus fumunt horre/ufa cavatis ; 

£t te, Bacche , vacant per carmina beta, tibique 
Of cilia ex altd fufpendant mollia pinu. 

Line omnis largopubefeit vinea fa-’tu , &C. 

And glad with Bacchus , on the grally Soil, 

Leap’d o’er the Skins of Goats bi fmcar’d with Oil. 
Thus Roman Youth, deriv’d from ruin’d Troy, 

In rude Saturnian Rhimes exp refs their Joy ; 

Deform’d with Vizards cut from Barks of Trees, 

With Taunts and Laughter loud their Audience plcafc : 
Jn jolly Flyanns they praife the God of Wine, 1 

Whofc earthen Images adorn the Pine, > 

And there are hung on high, in Honour of the Vine. } 

A Madncfs fo devout the Vineyard Jills, id) c. 

Virg . 4. Georg. 6 Sc 7 JEn. 

F 3 at 



7 ° 


Of the Gods o f the Heathens. 


at firft were folemnized in February , at Mid-day, by Wo¬ 
men only; but afterwards they were performed by Men 
and Women together, and young Boys and Girls, who, 
in a Word, left no Sort of Lewdnefs and Debauchery 
uncommitted : For, upon this Occafion, Rapes,Whore¬ 
doms, Poifon, Murder, and fuch abominable Impieties 
wei e promoted under a facrilegious Pretence of Religion, 
till the lJ Senate by an Fdidt abrogated this Feftival, as 
Diagondus did at Fhcbcs, fays Cher a x , bccaufe of their 
LcuudntJJes , which alfo Pcnibeus King of Thebes attemptr- 
cd, but with ill Succefs : for the Baccha barbaroufly 
killed him* whence came the Story, that his Mother 
and Sifters tt^re him Pieces, fancying he was a Roar. 
^ There is a Story befides, that Alcithoe the Daughter 
of Ninyas , and her Sifter, becaufe, defpifing the Sa¬ 
crifices of ' Bacchus , they ftaid at Home, and fpun while 
the Orgia were celebrating, were changed into Bats, 
z And tfiere is alfo an idle Story, that Cycurgus , who 
attempted many Times to hinder thefe Bacchanalia in 
vain, cut off his own Legs, becaufe he had rooted up 
the Vines to the Difhonour of Bacchus . 


u Liv. 1 . 9 Auguft. 6 de Civit. * Cic. de Leg. 1 . z. 
c. 11. x Ovid-. 4. Metam. z Apud Nat. Com. 

SECT. V. fhc Hijlorical Senfe of the Fable, 
Bacchus an Emblem either of Nimrod or 
Moses. 

I Find two Meanings applied to this Fable; for fome 
fay, that a Bacchus is the fame with Nimrod: The 
Rcafons of which Opinion are, r. The Similitude of 
the Words Bacchus and Bare bus, which fignifies the 
Son oj Chus , that is, Nimrod. 2. They think the 

-r " 1 * 1 > T . . .—r ■ " 


a Bo chart* in Phaleg. 


Nam# 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 71 

Name of Nimrod may allude to the Hebrew Word Na¬ 
mur 9 or the Chaldee Namer , a Tyger ; and accordingly 
* (he Chariot of Bacchus was dr,awn by Tygers, and 
hi mfe If cl oath ed with the Skin of a Tyger. 3. Bacchus 
is fomettmes called b Neb redes, which is the verv fame 
as Nimrodus . Mofes Riles Nimrod a great Hunter, and 
we find that Bacchus is Riled c Tiagrcus , which in Greek 
fign ifies the fame Thing. J did not, indeed, mention 
the N^me of Bacchus'among the reft before 5 becaufe 
T defign not a nice and complete Account of every 
Thing : Nor is it abfurd to fay, that Nimrod prefided 
over the Vines, fince he was d the fir ft King of Baby- 
Ion , where were the mod excellent Wines, as the 
Ancients often fay. 

Others think that c Bacchus is Mofes , becaufe many 
Things in the Fable of the onefeem derived from the 
Hiftory of the other : For, firft, fome feign that he was 
born in Egypt , and prefcntly fhur up in an Ark, and 
thrown upon the Waters, as Mofes was. 2. The Sir- 
name of f Bimater , which belongs to Bacchus , may be 
aferibed to Mofcs y who, befidesone Mother by Nature, 
had another by Adoption, King Pharaoh's Daughter. 
3. They were both beautiful Men, brought up in Arabia^ 
good Soldiers, and had Women in their Armies. 4. Or¬ 
pheus direftly fliles Bacchus z a Law-giver, and calls 
him h Mofes y and further attributes to him 1 the two- 
Tables of the Law . 5. Befides, Bacchus was called k 

Bicornis \ and accordingly the Face of Mofes appeared 
double-horned when he came down from the Mountain, 
where he had fpolcen to God ; the Rays of Glory, that 
darted from his Brow, rcfemWing the fprouting out 

of Horns. 6. As Snakes were facrificed, and a Dog 

) • 


a Anthol. 1 1. c. 38. Ep. b c 7^y^tvr l9 

i c. Robuflus Venator. ll l^x Aihemvo. u Vofltus apucl 
Bochart. in fuo Canaan. So Iluct, in Demonf r Evangel. 

f Ai(/.y)Tmo- s QeO'(A r )<pofioi>. 11 M ^cr^v. j Ai7TA ockcc titerfv, 

Exod. xxxiv. 29. k Eurip. in Bacch, 

¥ 4 given 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


given to Bacchus as a Companion, fo Mofes had thi§ 
Companion Caleb., which in Hebrew fignifies a Dog. 

y. And as the Baccha brought Watpr from a Rock, 
by ftriking it with their Thyrfus , and the Country 
wherever they came flowed with Wine, Milk, and 
Honey ; fo the Land of Canaan , into which Mofes 
conduced the Jfraelites , not only flowed with Milk 
and Honey, but with Wine alfo ; 1 as appears from 
that large Bunch of Grapes which two Men carried 
upon a Staff betwixt them. 

8. Bacchus 111 dried up the Rivers Orofltes and Hydaf- 
pes 9 by ftriking them with his Thyrfus, and paftpd thro* 
them, as Mofes palled through the Red-Sea . 9. It is 

faid alfo, n That a little Ivy-ftick, thrown down by 
one of the Baccbes upon the Groiind, crept like a 
Dragon, and twifted itfelf about an Oak. And, 10. 
That 0 the Indians once were all covered with Dark- 

• * • * % • ♦ I 

nefs, whilft thofe Baccba enjoyed a perfect Day. 

From whence you may collet, that the ancient In¬ 
ventors of Fables have borrowed many Things from 
the Holy Scriptures , to patch up their Conceits. p Thus 
Homer fays, that Bacchus w reft led with Pallene , to 
whom he yielded : Which Fable is taken from the Hif- 
tory of the Angel wreftiing with Jacob. In like man¬ 
ner Paufqnias reports, that the Greeks at Troy found an 
Ark which was facred to Bacchus ; which when Euri- 
pilus had opened, and viewed the Statue of Bacchus 
laid therein, he was prefently ftruck with Madnefs. 

The Ground of which Fable is in the fecond Book of 

* # ♦ 

Kings , where the facred Hiftorv relates, that the Beth - 
fhemites were deftroye.d by GOD, becaufe they look¬ 
ed with too much Curiofity into the Ark of the Co- 
venant. r Again, the Poets feign, that Bacchus was 


1 Numbers xii. 24. '» Nonn. in Dionyf. 1, 23. & 3 

25. 45 - n A pud eimdem. 9 Nonnius Vof. ap. Ilochart. 
in Can, v Horn. Iliad. 48. ‘i Pau’fan. in ^clxalc. 
r Ariilot. Schol. in A earn. Ad:. 2. Seen. i # 


angry 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 73 

0ngry with the Athenians , becaufe they defpifed his 
Solemnities* and received them not with due Refpcdf, 
when firfl they were brought by Pegafus out of Besot ia 
into Jlttica : "Whereupon he afflidfed them with a 
grievous Difeafe in the Secret Parts , for which there 
was no Cure* till by the Advice of the Oracle they per¬ 
formed the Reverences due to the God, and eredled 
Phalli * that is* Images of the aHlidfed Parts* to his Ho-r 
nour; whence the Feafts and Sacrifices called Phallica 
were yearly celebrated among the Athenians . Is one Egg 
more like another* than this Fable is like the a Hiftory 
of the Philiftines, whom God punifhed withthe Emerods, 
for their Irreverence to the Ark? And when they con¬ 
sulted'the Diviners thereupon* they were told, that 
they could no ways be cured* unlefs they made golden 
Images of Emerods, and confecrated them to God. 

? 1 Sam. Chap. v. 

SECT. VI. The Moral Senfe of the Fable, 

Bacchus the Symbol of Wine. 

W INE and its Effedls are underftood in this Fa¬ 
ble of Bacchus . Let us begin with Bacchus’s 
Birth. When I imagine Bacchus in 'Jupiter ’s Thigh* 
and Jupiter limping therewith* it brings to my Mind 
the Reprefentation of a Man that is burthened and 
overcome with Drink; who not only halts* but reels 
and ftumbles, and madly rufhes wherever the Force of 
the Wine carries him. 

Was Bacchus taken out of the Body of his Mother 
Scmclc , in the mid ft of Thunder and Lightning 5 fo af¬ 
ter the Wine is drawn out of the Butt* it produces 
Quarrels, Violence* Noife and Confufion. 

Bacchus was educated by the Naiades, the Nymphs 
of the Rivers and Fountains; whence Men may learn 
to dilute their Wine with Water, 

Bgt 


74 O/’ the Gods of the Heathens •. 

But Bacchus is an eternal Boy, and do not the 
oldeft Men become Children by tod much Drink ? 
Does not Excels deprive us of that Reafon that diftin- 
guiflies Men from Boys ? 

Bacchus is naked, as he is who has loft his Senfes by 
Drinking : He cannot conceal, he cannot hide any 
Thing; 41 Wine ahvays jpeaks "Truths it opens all the Se¬ 
crets of the Mind and Body too ; of which let Noah be 
a Witnefs. 

The Poets fays b Bacchus has Horns ; and from thence 
we may learn, that Bacchus makes as many homed as 
Venus . 

Nor does c Wine make Men only forget their Cares 
and Troubles, but it renders d even the meaneft People 
bold, infolent, and fierce, exercifing their Fury and 
Rage againft others, as a mad Ox gores with its Horns. 
I know very well, that fome think that Bacchus was 
/aid to he horned, becaufethe Cups, out of which Wine 
was drank, were formerly made of Horn c . 

He is crowned with Ivy ; becaufethat Plant (being 
always green and flourifhing, and, as it were, young) 
by its natural Coldnefs, afluages the Heat occafioned 
Jjy too much Wine. 

He is both a young and an old Man; becaufe, as a 
moderate Quantity of Wine irtcreafes the Strength of 
the Body, fo Excefs of Wine deftroys it. 

Women only celebrated the Sacrifices of Bacchus , 
and of them only thofe, which were enraged and intoxi- 


a In vino veritas. Era/m. in Adag. 

** Ac cedant capiti cornua, Bacchus cr/s. 

Put buton Borns, and Bacchus thou flialt be Ov. Ep, Saph. 
c Cura Jit git, multo diluiturque nicro . 

Full Bowls expel all Grief, difToJve all Care. 

c /’unc •vent unt rijus , tunc pauper cornua Jr/m it . 

By Wine and Mirth the Beggar grows a King. 
c Porphyr. in 2 Carm. Horat. unde xgenne quart ftepu^ti 

titquc* LiL Gyrald. 

cated, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. y $ 

catecl, and had abandoned themfelves to all Sorts of 
Wickednefs. Accordingly Wine effeminates the moil 
mafeuline Minds, and difpofes them to Luxury. It be¬ 
gets Anger, and ftirs up Men to Madnefs : And there¬ 
fore Lions and I'ygers draw the Chariot of Bacchus . 

The-Men and Women both celebrated the Bacchana¬ 
lia \n Mafks : It is well that they were afhamed of their 
Faults ; their Modefty had not quite left them, fome 
Remains of it were yet hid under thefe Difguifes, which 
would otherwife have been utterly loft by the Impu¬ 
dence of the ill Words and Adtions which were heard 
and fecn on thofe Occafions. And does not Wine mafk 
and dif°:uife us ftrancelv ? Does it not make Men Beafts„ 

W *• - ^ 

and turn one into a Lion, another into a Bear, and an¬ 
other into a Swine, or an Afs ? 

I had almoft forgot to tell you, that Bacchus is fome- 
times merry, and fometimes fad and morofe : For, in¬ 
deed, What cherifhes the Heart of Man fo much as 
Wine? What more delightfully refrefties the Spirits 
and the Mind, than that natural Nediar^ that divine 
Medicine , which, when we have taken, a our Griefs 
are pacified, our Sorrows abated, and nothing but 
Cheerfulnefs appears in our Countenance. 

The Vine is ib beneficial to this Life, that many fay 
T) that the Happinefs of one confifts in the Enjoyment 
of the other ; but they do not confidcr, that if Wine be 
the Cradle of Life , yet it is the Grave of Rcafon: For, if 
Men do conftantly fail in the Red Sea of Claret, their 
Souls are oftentimes drowned therein. It blinds them, 
and leads them under Darkncfs, efpccially when it be¬ 
gins to draw the Sparkles and little Stars from their 
Eyes. Then, the Body being drowned in Drink, the 


a 7 'unc dolor & curat, rngaqucfront is abefl. 

* Our Sorrows flee, we end our Grief and Fears, 

No thoughtful Wrinkle in our Face appears, 

O vid, de Arte ylmaudi . 

:*> In vite horn inis vitam efle dicercs. 

Mind 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


Mind floats* or elfe is flranded. Thus too great Love 
of the Vine is pernicious to Life ; for from it come 
more Faults than Grapes , and it breeds more Mifehiefs 
than Cluflers . Would you fee an Inflance of y/hat you 
read ? Obferve a drunken Man : O Beafl! See how his 
Head totters,his Hams fink,hisFeetfail,his Hands trem¬ 
ble, his Mouth froths, his Cheeks are flabby, his Eyes 
fparkle and water, his Words are unintelligible, his 
Tongue faulters and flops, his Throat fends forth a 
nafty loathfome Stench* But what do I fay ! It is not 
my Bufinefs now to tell Truth but Fables. 


CHAP* IX. 

Mars. Fits Image . 


A S far as I fee, we muft tarry in this Place all 

f \ Night. 

ltd. Do not fear it ; for I fhall not fay fo much of 
the other Gods as I have faid of Bacchus 5 and efpecr- 
ally I hope that Mars , whofe Image is next, will not 
keep us fo long. 

P . Do you call him Mars , that is fo fierce and four 
in his Afpe£l; Terror is every where in his Looks, as 
well as in his Drefs : He fits in a Chariot drawn by a 
Pair of Horfes, which are driven by a diflradled Wo¬ 
man : He is covered with Armour, and brandifhes a 
Spear in his right Hand, as though he breathed Fire 
and Death, and threatened every Body with Ruin and 

Deftru£tion. 

M, It is Mars himfelf, the God of War y whom I 
have often feen on Horfcback, in a formidable Manner, 
with a Whip and a Spear together, A Dog was con-i 
fecrated to him, for his Vigilance in the Purfuit of his 
Prey; a Wolf, for his Rapacioufnefs and Pcrfpicacity ; 
a Raven, becaufe he diligently follows Armies when 

they 




Ti. VI. 




lift 


* — 





















































































Of the Gods of the Heathens, 77 

they march, and watches for the Carcafes of the Slain ; 
and aCock, for his Wakefulnefs, whereby he prevents 
all Surprize. But, that you may undeiftand every 
Thing in that Picture, obferve,. that the Creatures 
which draw the Chariot are not Horfes* but Fear and 
Terror. Sometimes Difcord goes before them in tatter’d 
Garments, and Clamour and Anger go behind. Vet 
fome fay, that Fear and Terror are Servants to Mars 3 
and accordingly, he is not more 11 awful and imperious 
in his Commands, than , they are b ready and exadf in 
their Obedience; as we learn from the Poets. 

P. Who is the Woman that drives the Chariot ? 

M. She is jBellondy the c Goddefs of War, and the 
Companion of Mars 5 or, as others lay, his Sifler, or 
Wife, or both. She prepares for him his Chariot and 
Horfes when he goes to fight. It is plain that fhe is 
^called Be lion a from Bellum. She is otherwife. called 
Duellona from Ducllum , or from che Greek Word 
\Belone ] a Needle , whereof fhe is faid to be the Inven- 
trefs. Her Priefts, the Bellonarii , lacrificed to her in 
their own Blood : They d bold in each Hand naked 


51 Fcr gale am, Be/loua, mihi , ncxvjque rot arum : 

Tende, Peru or ; Frtcna rapidos, Fcrmtdo ; jugales . 

My Helmet let Be lion a bring; Terror my Traces fit; 
And, panic Fear, do thou the rapid Driver fit. 

/ Claud. i?i Rttf. 

b- J,i<vit medio in cert amine Majors, 

Cnlat us ferro , triftcfquc ex at here Direr, 

Ft fcijfci ga tide ns <vadil Difeordio pal!a , 

Qnam cum fangtiiuco Jeqnitur Bel Ion a jiagcllo. 

Mars in the Middle of the Alining Shield 
Is grav’d, and ihicles along the liquid Field. 

The Dirat come from Ilcav’n with quick .Dcfeent, 

And Difcord dy’d in Blood, with Garments rent. 
Divides the Prcfs : Her Steps Bcllona treads, 

And fhakes her Iron Rod above their Heads. Firg.sEn. !>. 
c Stilus. 1 . 4. Statius Thcb. 1 . 7. ,l Sedlis humeiiu 
& utruque manu diilridlos gladios cxerenles, currunt, 

efferuntur, infaniunt. JLattnivcuis, 1 . 1. c. 12. 

Swords . 


7 8 


w 

Of the Gods of the Hea thens 


Swordwith which they cut their Shoulders, and zvildty 
run up and down like Men ?nad and p°JpJJed : Whereupon 
a People thought that (after the Sacrifice was ended) 
they were able to foretel future Events. Claudian intro¬ 
duces Bellona combing Snakes 5 and another b Poet de- 
feribes her {linking a burning Torch, with her Hair 
hanging loofe, ftained and clotted with BJood, and 
running through the Midft of the Ranks of the Army, 
and uttering horrid Shrieks and dreadful Groans. 

Before the Temple of this Goddefs, there flood a. 
Pillar called Bcllica , c over which the Herald threw a 
Spear when he proclaimed War. 


a Juven. Sat. 4, Lucan. 1 . i„ Eutrop. 
b Iff a facietn quatiens, &fla ua?n/anguine mu Ito 
Spar fa comam , vied: as acies Bellona per err at. 

Stridet art area nigro Jub p eft ore Diva 

Lcthifcrum murmur. . Sil. lib. 

Her Torch Bdlona waving thro’ the Air, 

Sprinkles with clotted Gore her flaming Hair, 

And thro* both Armies up and down doth flee, 

Wliiill from her horrid Break Ti/iphone 
A dreadful Murmur fends. 
c Alex, ab Aiexandro, 1 . 8. c. 12. 


SECT. I. His Defccnt. 

7 \/fdd R S is faid to be the Son of Jupiter and Juno, 
dvJ- though, according to Ovid's Story, he is the Child 
of Juno only : For, fays he, Juno greatly admired by 
what Way poflible her Hufbaud J/piter had conceived 
Minerva, and begot her himfelf, without the Concur¬ 
rence of a Mother (as we fhall fee in the Hiflory of 
Minerva ;) hut as foon as her Amazement eeafed d , flic, 
being defirous of performing the like, went to Ocea*nt$ 
to alkhis Advice, whether lhe could have a Child with- 


* 



d Ilomer, Iliad 5. Ilciiod. in Theog. 


- Of the Gods of the Heathens . 75* 

out her Hufband’s Concurrence- She was tired in her 
Journey, and fat down at the Door of the Goddefs 
Flora ; who, undemanding the Occafion of her Jour¬ 
ney, defzrec] her to be of good Heart, for (he had in he? 
Garden a Flower, which if fhe only touched with thet 
Tips of her Fingers, the Smell of it would make her 
conceive a Son prefemly. So "Juno was carried into the 
Garden, and the Flower (hewn her; (he touched it, 
and conceived Mars , who afterwards took to Wife 
a Nerio , or A Ttr'tone, (which Word in the Sabine Lan¬ 
guage fignifies h Valour and Strength) and from her the 
Clauclian Family formerly derived the Name of Nero . 


a Vide de la Cerda in Virgilii JEn, 1. 8. 
Sc Robur fignificat. 


* 

% 


b yirtutem. 


i 



SECT II. Names of M a r s. 

I S Name n Mars fets forth the Power and Influ- 
_ _ ence he has in War, where he prefides over the 
Soldiers: And his other Name b Mavors (hews, that 
all great Exploits are executed and brought about 
through his Means. 

The Greeks call him c>, A^c\ [Arcs] either from the 
Deftruflion and Slaughter which he caufes ; or from 
the <l Silence which is kept in War, where Adlions, 
not 'Words, are necefiary. But from whatfoever 
Words this Name is derived, it is certain that thofe fa¬ 
mous Names, Areopagus and Arcopagita , are derived 
from Arcs, The Areopagus , 7 A^o7cciyor 7 (that is the Hill 


a Quod maribus in bcllo profit. b Quod magna vertat. 
Yar. cle Ling. Lat. 3, c ’Ato rev uipnu tollere, vel Uvct if&iv 
intcrlicerc, Cic. 5- de Natura. Phurnut. ,l Ab d non Sc l f .Z 
loquor, on ivrZ vnfcef/.u> ov hoyvv u>je*Lgyut» yptUc. quod in hello, 
ncccflaria non fint Verba fed Fa&a. S ui.das Paulhn. in A ttie. 

3 w 


, - - I 

8 t> Of the Gods of the Heathens ; 

or Mountain of Mars ) was a Place at Athens , in whicH^ 
when Mars was accufed of Murder and Inceft, as 
though he had killed Halirothius , Neptune's Son, and 
debauched his Daughter Alcippa , he was forced to 
defend himfelf in a Trial before twelve Gods, and 
was acquitted by fix Voices ; from which that Place 
became a Court, wherein were tried capital Caufes, 
and the Things belonging to Religion. a The Areopa - 
gltce were the Judges, whofe Integrity and good Credit 
was fo great, that no Perfon could be admitted into 
their Society, unlefs, when he delivered in public an 
Account of his Life paft, he was found in every Parc 
thereof blarnelefs. And, that the Lawyers who pleaded 
might not blind the Eyes of the Judges by their Charms 
of Eloquence, they were obliged to plead, their Caufes 
without any Ornaments of Speech ; if they did other- 
wife, they were immediately commanded to be filent. 
And, left they fhould be moved to Compaffion by fee¬ 
ing the miferable Condition of the Prifoners, they gave 
Sentence in the Dark, without Lights, not by Words, 
hut in a Pap6r; whence, when a Man is obferved to 
fpealc very little, or nothing at all, they ufed prover¬ 
bially to fay of him, that b He is as filent as one of the 
Judges in the Areopagus . 

His Name Gravidus comes from the Statelinefs in 
c marching \ or from his Vigour in fl hrandijhing his 
Spear. 

He is called ^uirinus c from Curis , or Sharis 9 fig- 
nifyinga Spear; from whence comes Securis quaft Semi- 
curis , a Piece of a Spear . And this Name was after¬ 
wards attributed to Romulus , c becaufe he was efteem- 
cd the Son of Mars ; from whence the Romans were 


a Bud scus in Pan deft. ult. dc lcn. b Areopagita tacit ur- 
nior. Cic. ad Attic. 1 . i. c a gradiendo. d ’awo tow «f«- 
oqc.Iv nvy /. c, ab halite vibralione. e Sen*, in ,/Encid. 

. called 



Of the Gods of the Heathens * 81 

Called uiritesy b Grad'tvus is the Name of Mars when 
he rages ; and §>uirinuS) when he is quiet. And ac¬ 
cordingly there were two Temples at Rome dedicated 
to him; one within the City, which was dedicated to 
Mars Shtirinus, the Keeper of the City's Peace ; the 
other without the City, near the Gate, to Mars Gra~ 
divus the Warrior , and the Defender of the City a- 
gainft all outward Enemies. 

The ancient Latins applied to him the Title of c Salt- 
fuhfulus , or Dancer , from Salio , becaufe his Temper is 
very inconftant and uncertain, inclining fometimes to 
this Side, and fometimes to that, in Wars: Whence 
we fay, d that the Iflue of Battle is uncertain, and 
the Chance dubious. But we muft not chink that 
Mars was the only God of War : c for Bellona , Victo¬ 
ria , SoL Luna , and Pluto ufe to be reckoned in the 
Number of Martial Deities. It was ufual with the La¬ 
cedemonians to fliackle the Feet of the Image of Mars y 
that he Ihould not fly from them : And amongft the 
Romans , the Priefts Salii were inftituted to look after 
the Sacrifices of Mars y and go about the City dancing 
with their Shields. 

He was called f Enyalius , from Enyo , that is, Bellona , 
and by fuch-like Names ; but it is not worth my while 
to infift upon them longer. 

b Idem. ibid. c Pacuv. in Nonn. d Mars belli commu¬ 
nis eft, Cic. 1 . 6. ep. 4. c Servius in 11. ^Encid. f Vide 
Lil. Gyr. 

SECT. III. Aftions of Mars. 

I T is ftrange, that the Poets relate only one A 61 ioa 
of this terrible God ; and even that deferves to be 
concealed in Darknefs, if the Light of the Sun had 
not difcovered it j and if a good Kernel was not 
contained in a bad Shell. The Story of Mars and 
Verna* s Adultery, from whence b Hermione , a tutelar 

u Plutarch, in Pelopida. 

G 


Deity, 


82 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

Deity, was born, was fo publickly known, that a Ovid 
concludes that every body knows it. Sol had no fooner 
difcovered it, but he immediately acquainted Vulcan , 
Venus's Hufband, with his Wife’s Trfcachery. Vulcan 
hereupon made a Net of Iron, whofe Links were fo 
fmall and {lender, that it was invifible \ and fpread it 
over the Bed of Vemss, Soon after the Lovers return to 
their Sport, and were caught in the Net. Vulcan calls 
all the Gods together to the Shew, who jeered them 
extremely b . And, after they had long been expofed to 
the Jeft and HHIes of the Company, Vulcan , at the Re- 
queft of Neptune , unloofes their Chains, and gives them 
their Libeity : But Aleftryon , Mars's Favourite, fuf- 
fered the Punifhment that his Crime deferved; be- 
caufe, when he was appointed to watch, he fell a - 
fleep, and fo gave Sol an Opportunity to flip into the 
Chamber. Therefore Mars changed him into a Cock , 
which to this Day is c fo mindful of his old Fault, that 
he conftantly gives Notice of the Approach of the Sun, 
by his Crowing. 


a Fabula narrciUir , toto ccelo, 

Mulciberis cafti Marfque Venufque dolis ♦ Ovid. 

The Fable’s told thro’ Heaven far and wide, 
b How Mars and Venus were by Vulcan ty’d. 

Virg. 2. JEne id. 

c Grace ’AXEttTfvdv, i. e. G alius. 


SECT. IV. The Signification of the foregoing 

Fable . 

L E T us explain this Fable. Indeed when a Venus 
is married to a Vulcan , that is, a very handfome 
Woman to a very ugly Man, it is a great Occafion of 
Adultery. But nciiher can that Difhonefty, or any 
other, cfcape the Knowledge of the Sun of Rightcoujnefs 
although they may be done in the obfeureft Darknels; 
though they be with the utmoft Care guarded by the 

truftieft 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

truftieft Pimps in the World; though they be commit¬ 
ted in the private# Retirement, and concealed with th$ 
greateft Art, they will at one Time or other be expofed 
to both the Infernal and Celeftial Regions, in the bright- 
eft Light; when the Offenders (hall be fet in the Mid ft, 
bound by the Chains of their Confcience, by that faL- 
len Vulcan , who is the Inftrument of the Terrors o£ 
the true Jupiter ; and then they fhall hear and fuffer 
the Sentence, that was formerly threatened to David » 
in this Life, Thou didft this Thing fecretly; hut I will da 
this Thing before all I fra el, and before the Sun y 2 Sam. 
xii. 12. 

But let us return again to Mars , or rather to the 
Son of Mars , Tereus y who learnt Wickednefs from his 
Father’s Example 5 for, as the Proverb fays, a bad Fa¬ 
ther makes a bad Child . 



SECT. V. 


of M 


of T 


CT^E REUS was the Son of Mars , begotten of the 
Nymph Biflonis . a He married Progne the Daugh¬ 
ter of Pandion y King of Athens , when he himfeff was 
King of Thrace . This Progne had a Sifter called 
Philomela , a Virgin in Modefty and Beauty inferior 
to none. She lived with her Father at Athens . Prognc y 
being defirous to fee her Sifter, afked Tereus to fetch 
Philomela to her ; he complied, and went to Athens , 
and brough t . Philomela, with her Father’s Leave, to 
Progne. Upon this Occafion, Tereus falls defperate- 
ly in Love with Philomela ; and as they travelled 
together, becaufe (he refufed to comply with his De¬ 
fires, he overpowered h<er, and cut out her Tongue, 
and threw her into a Gaol; and, returning afterwards 
to his Wife, pretended, with the greateft AlTurance, that 


a Ovid. Metam. 6. 

G 2 


Phihr 



84 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Philomela & ied in her Journey; and, that this Story might 
appear true, he Ihed many Tears, and put on Mourning. 
But a Injuries whet the Wit, and Defire of Revenge 
makes People cunning: For, Philomela , though Ihe was 
dumb, found out a Way to tell her Sifter the Villainy 
of T’ereus. The Way the difcovered the Injuries done 
to her was this ; the defcribed the Violence Tereus of¬ 
fered her as well as (he could, in Embroidery/ and 
fends the Work folded up to her Sifter, who no fooner 
viewed it, but Ihe boiled with Rage; and was fo tran- 
fported with Paflion, that Ihe could b not fpeak, her 
Thoughts being wholly taken up in contriving how 
Ihe Ihould avenge the Affront. Firft then Ihe haftened 
to her Sifter, and brought her Home without Tereus ’s 
Knowledge. Whilft Ihe was thus meditating Revenge, 
her young Son Itys came embracing his Mother ; but 
Ihe carried him aftde into the remote Parts of the Houfe, 
and flew him while c he hung about her Neck, and 
called her Mother : When Ihe had killed him, Ihe 
cut him into Pieces, and drefFed the Flelh, and gave it 
Tereus for Supper; Tercus d fed heartily on his own 

a . .. . Grande doloris 

Ingen turn ejl , ?niferifque *venit folertia rebus. 

Defire of Vengeance makes the Invention quick. 

When, miferable. Help with Craft we feek. 
b Et (minim potuiffe !) filet ; dolor ora reprcffit , 

Verbaque queer enti fat is mdignantia ling not 
Dtfuerant , nec Jlcre <vacat : fed fafque nefafque 
Confufura rutty pcetucquc in imagme tot a eft . 

She held her Peace, ‘tis ilrange: Grief ftruck her mute. 
No Language could with fuch a Paflion fuit. 

Nor had fhe Time to weep : Right, Wrong were mixt 
In her fell Thoughts her Soul on Vengeance fixt. 
c Et ?nater y mater , cla?nantem & coll a pc tent cm 
Enfc ferit z 

• -- He Mother, Mother, cries, 

And on her clings, whilft by her Sword he dies. 
d Vefcitury inquefuam fua <vifcera conger it alvum . 

• -7 -- - — — does eat. 

And his own Flofh and Blood docs make his Meat, 

Plefh 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 8 $ 

Flelh and Blood. And when after Supper he lent fo** 
his Son Itysj a Progne told him what fhe had done, and 
ihewed his Son’s Head. Tereus , incenfed with Rage, 
rufiied on them both with his drawn Sword; but they 
fled away, and Fear added Wings to their Flight; fo 
that Progne became a Swallow, and Philomela a Nightr 
ingale. Fury gave Wings to Tereus himfelf; he was 
changed into a TVhoopo (TJpupa) which is one of the fi!- 
thieft of all Birds. The Gods out of Pity changed Itys 
into a Pheafant . 


a In/us babes quodpofcis, ait, Circumfpicit ille 
jQtqae ubz Jit, queer it ; queerenti, iterumque *uocanti , 

Projiluit, ItyoJ'que caput Philomela cruentum 
Mi/it in ora pair is. 

Thou haft, faid Ihe, within thee thy Delire. 

He looks about, afks where. And while again 
He afks and calls ; all bloody with the Slain, 

Forth like a Fury Philo?nela flew. 

And at his Face the Head of Itys threw. 

SECT. VI. The Sacrifices o/Mars. 

T O Mars b were facrificed the Wolf for his Fierce- 

nefs ; the Horfe for his Ufefulnefs in War ; the 
Woodpecker and the Vultur for their Ravenoufnefs ; 
the Cock for his Vigilance, which Virtue Soldiers 
ought chiefly to have ; alftd Grafs, becaufe it grows in 
Towns that the War. leaves without an Inhabitant ; 
and is thought to come up the quicker in fuch Places 
as have been moiftened with human Blood. 

Amongft the moft ancient Rites belonging to Mars, 
I do not know a more memorable one than the follow- 
ing : c Whoever had undertaken the Conduit of any War , 


b Virgil. Alr\* 9. c Qui belli alicujus fufeeperat cumin, 
facrarium Martisingrcflus, primft Anci]iacommovcbat,pofl: 
haftam finiulacri ipfius ; dicons, Mars . Vigila . Servius. 

G 3 he 


86 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

he went into the Veflry of the "Temple of Mars ; and firji 
fhaked the Ancilia (which were a Sort of holy Shields) af± 
ter wards the Spear of the Image of Mars it],elf\ and jaid , 
Mars* Watch* 



CHAP. 



The Celejlial Goddejfes. Juno. 

4 

have viewed the Five Celeftial Gods; 
¥ now look upon the Celeftial Goddefles that 
follow them there in Order. Firft obferve Juno , rid¬ 
ing in a a golden Chariot* drawn by Peacocks, diftih- 
guifhed by a Sceptre, which (he holds in her Hand, 
and wearing a Crown that is fet about with Rofes and 
Lillies. 

I 

She is the Queen of the Gods, and both the h Sifter 
and Wife of Jupiter. Her Father was c Saturn , and 
her Mother Ops: She was born in the Ifland Samos 
where (he lived till fhe was married 

* i 

P. Really {he carries a very majeftick Look. How 
bright, how majeftical, how beautiful is that Face, how 
comely are all her Limbs ? How well does a Sceptre be¬ 
come thofe Hands, and a Crown that Head ? How much 
Beauty is there in her Smiles ? How much Graccfulnefs 
in her Breaft ? Who could refift fuch Charms, and 
not fall in Love, when he fees fo many Graces? Her 
Carriage is {lately, her Drefs elegant and fine. She is 
full of Majefty, and worthy of the grcateft Admiration; 
But what pretty Damfel is that which waits upon her, 
as if {lie were her Servant ? 


:l Ovid. Metam. z. Apuleius, 1 , io. 

b .- f onjifjae 

'Bt for or £ 3 ” conjux 
Apollon. i ? Argon. 


Virg. 1. dll n. 

4m 

M. It 


Pi/vir. 


2\r<ie <? t’ 











































































































































































■Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



_ # 

M. It is Iris, a the Daughter of Tbaumas and Elec - 
tra, and Sifter to the Harpyes. She is 'Juno s Meflen^- 
ger, as Mercury is Jupiter's, though Jupiter and the o- 
ther Gods, the Furies, nay, fometimes Men, have fent 
her on a MefTage. Becaufe of her Swifmefs fhe is 
painted with Wings, and file rides on a Rainbow, as 
h Ovid fays. 

It is her Office befides to unloofe the Souls of JVomeii 
from the Chains of the Body, as Mercury unloofes the 
'Men's. We have an Example of this in Dido, who laid 
violent Hands on herfelfj for, when fhe was almoft 
dead, Juno fent Iris to loofe her Soul from her Body, 
as c Virgil largely deferibes it in the Fourth Book of the 
/Eneid, 

But herein Iris differs from Mercury ; for whereas 
he is fent both from Heaven and from Hell, fhe is fent 


a Virg. 2. JEn. 2. Norm. 20. Idem. 3 1.IJomer. Iliad 23. , 
b Ejfngit , £sf. re me at per quos mo do vencrat arcus. \ 

On the fame Bow fhe went fhe foon returns. Ov. Met. z. 
c T'um Juno om?iipotens longum miferata dolor cm, 

Dijficilefque obitus, lrim demi/it Olympo : 

Sht.a lu&cmtcm animum, ncxofque rtfotocret art us. 

Ergo Iris croccis per ccvlum rojeida penn/s. 

Mi lie trahens njarios ad-verfo Sole col ores, 

Devolat, fupra caput ajiitit. Hunc ego Diti 
Sacrum jnjja fero, teque ijlo corpore folvo : 

Sic ait ., G dextra crincm fee at, omnis 13 unci 
Vilapfus color, atquc in <vcnios vita rcccflit. 

Then Juno , grieving that fhe Hiould iuflain 
A Death fo lingering and fo full of Pain, 

Sent Iris down to free her from the Strife 
Of iab’ring Nature, and difl’olve her Life. 

Downward the various Goddefs took her Flight, 

And drew a thoufand Colours from the Light: 

Then Hood'about the dying Lover’s Head, 

And laid 1 thus devote thee to the Dead. 


This Off’ring to th* Infernal Gods I bear. 
Thus while fhe fpoke, llie cut the fatal Hair 
'Fhe lirugglingSoul was loos’d and Life dillbh' 

G a. 



88 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

rora Heaven only a . He oftentimes was employed in 
Meflages of Peace, whence he was called the b Peace¬ 
maker : But Iris was always fent to promote Strife and 
Diflenfion, as if fhe was the Goddefs of Difcord : And 
therefore fome think that her c Name was given her 
from the Contention which fhe perpetually creates ; 
though others fay, fhe was called d Iris, becaufe fhe 
delivers her Meflages by Speech, and not in Writing. 


a Hefiod. in Theog. b E^«vo<croio ? , i. e. Pacificator, Vid. 
Serv. in ^Eneid. 4. c "ipig quail "Eptf Contentio, Servius 
d n otpcc to i^cTv, a loquendo. 

% 

% 

SECT. I. The Children of Juno. 

Her Difpojition . 

P. HAT Children had Juno by Jupiter ? 

V V M \ Vulcan , Mars , and Hebe. 0 Although 
fome write that Hebe had no other Parent than Juno , 
and was born in the Manner following : Before Juno 
had any Children, file eat fome wild Lettuces, fet before 
her at a Feaft in Jupiter's Houfe $ and growing on a 
fuddcn big-bellied fhe brought forth Hebe , who. Tor her 
extraordinary Beauty, was, by Jupiter , made Goddefs 
of Youth, and had the Office of Cup-bearer of Jupiter 
given to her. * But when by an unlucky Fall fhe made 
all the Guefls laugh, Jupiter was enraged, turned her 
out from her Office, and put Ganymede in her Stead, 

P Which was Juno's moft notorious Fault ? 

M. Jealonfy: I will give one or two of the many 
In fiances of it. Jupiter loved lo , the Daughter of Ina- 
chus ; and enjoyed her. When Juno obferved that 
Jupiter was abfent from Heaven, fhe juftly fufpe£ted 


f 


c Pnpfan, in Corinth. 


that 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



that thePurfuit of his Amours was the Caufeof his Ab- 
fence. Therefore fhe immediately flew down to the 
Earth after him, and luckily found the very Place, 
where Jupiter and lo entertained themfelves in private. 
As foon as Jupiter perceived her coming, fearing a 
Chiding, he turned the young Lady into a white Cow. 
Juno> feeing theCow,afked who {he was, and from what 
Bull fhe came? Says Jupiter , fhe was horn on afudden 
out of the Earth. The cunning Goddefs, fufpe&ing 
the Matter, deflred to have the Cow, which Jupiter 
could not refufe, left he fhould increafe her Sufpicion* 
So Juno , taking the Cow, b gave it Argus to keep; 
which Argus had an hundred Eyes, two of which in 
their Turns flept, while the others watched. 

Thus was lo under conftant Confinement; nor was 
the perpetual Vigilance of her Keeper her only Mif- 
fortune; for, befides, fhe was fed with nothing but 
infipid Leaves and bitter Herbs, which Hardfhip Jupiter 
could not endure to fee. Wherefore he fent Mercury 
to Argus to.fet lo free. Mercury , under the Difguife 
of a Shepherd, came to Argus . and with the Mulick 
of his Pipe lulled him afleep, and then cut off his 
Head. Juno was grieved at Argus’s Death, and to 




—— Sernjavdam tradidit Argo f 
Centum h minibus cinttum caput Argus bah chat : 
hide juis vicibiu capiebant bin a quiet cm : 

Cetera fer<vabant , atque in Jlat tone mane bant, 

ConJHterat quuunque loco, fpettabat ad Jo, 

Ante oculos lo , quamvis aojerfus habebat. 

The Goddefs then 10 Argus ftraight convey'd 
Her Gift, and him the watchful Keeper made. 

Argus’s Head an hundred Eyes pofTeft; 

And only two at once declin’d to Reft: $ 

The others watch’d, and in a conftant Round, 
Refrcfhmcnt in alternate Courfes found. 

Where’er he turn’d lie always lo view’d, 

Jo he fa w, tho’ fhe behind him Hood. Ovid, 1. Met am. 

make 



9 ° Of i ^ oe Gods of the Heathens . 

* make him fome Amends, fhe turned him into a Pea¬ 
cock, and c fcattered his hundred Eyes about the Tail 
of the Bird. Nor did her Rage again# to ceafe, for 
fhe committed her to the Furies to be tormented. De- 
fpair and Anguifh made her flee into Egypt, where fhe 
begged of Jupiter to reftore her to her former Shape. 
Her Requeft being granted, file thenceforth took the 
Name of Ifts^ the Goddefs of the Egyptians , and was 
worshipped with Divine Honour. 

Juno gave another clear Mark of her Jealoufy. d For, 
when her Anger againft Jupiter was fo violent, that 
nothing could pacify her ? KingCitbatron c advifed Ju¬ 
piter to declare that he intended to take another Wife. 
The Contrivance pleafed him, wherefore he takes an 
oaken Image, dreffed very beautifully, and puts it into 
a Chariot, and declares pubiickly, that he was about to 
marry Plataa the Daughter of JEfopus . - The Report 
pread, and came to Julio's Ears; who, immediately, 
running thither, fell furioufiy upon the Image, and tore 
all the Cloaths, till file difcovered the Jcfl:; and Laugh¬ 
ing very much, fhe was reconciled to her Hufband : 
And from King Citharon , the Advifer of the Artifice, 
file was afterwards called Githcerania . The reft of the 

moft confiderable of her Names follow* 

* 


# 

* 

c - Cent unique oculos nox occupat una> 

Excipit bos, ''votu'crijque fucc Saturnia p emits 
Collocat , gemmis c cat dam Jiellantibns implet . 

There Jlrgns lies; and all that wond’rous Light, 
Which gave his hundred Eyes their ufeful Sight, 
Lies buried now in one eternal Night. 

But Jttvo , that fiie might his Eyes retain, 

Soon fix’d them in her gaudy Peacock's Train. 
d Doroth. de Nat, Fabuhe. c Plut, in Arill. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


9 * 


SECT. II. Names of Juno. 

fjN T HI A? i. e. Florida , Flowery: f Paufanias 
mentions her Temple. 

Argiva from the People s Argivi; amongfl whom the 
Sacrifices called [ Heraia~\ were celebrated to her 

Honour; in which an Hecatomb , that is, an Hundred 
Oxen, were facrificed to her. They made her Image of 
Gold and Ivory, holding a Pomegranate in one Hand, 
and a Sceptre in the other; upon the Top of which 
flood a Guckow? becaufe ‘Jupiter changed himfelf into 
that Bird, when he fell in Love with her. 

Bumea , from h Ennaus the Son of Mercury , who 
built a Temple to this Goddefs at Corinth . 

Calendaris , from the old Word 1 Calo , to cnll\ for 
fhe was called upon by the Priefts, upon the firfl Days 
of every Month ; which Days are called Cahndce. 

Caprotind , k on the Nones of July? that is, on the 
7th Day, Maid-fervants celebrated her Feftival, toge¬ 
ther with feveral Free*women, and offered Sacrifices to 
Juno under a wild Fig-tree (Caprificus) in Memory ol 
that extraordinary Virtue, which dircdled the Maid- 
fervantsof Rbme to thofe Counfels, which preferved the 
Honour of the Roman Name. For after the Gity was 
taken, and the Gallick Tumults quieted, fhe Borderers 
having an Opportunity almoft to opprefs the Ro?nans y 
who had already fufFered fo much ; they fent an f ie- . 
raid to tell the Romans , that, if they defired to favc tlw: 
Remainder of their City from Ruin, they muft fend all 
their Wives and Daughters. The Senate being fl rnnge- 
Jy dillraiSled hereat, a Maid-fervant, whofeName was 
Pbitotis or Tutcla; telling her Dcfign to the Senate? 
took with her feveral other Maid-fervants, drelied them 


f In Corinth, c Doroth. 1 . 2. Met fo Paufan. 11 Pan- 
fan. in Corinth. 1 Macrob. in Sat. k Plutarch. fo Ovii. 
do Arte Amandi, Var. de Ling. Lat. 


Jikc 


gz Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

like Miftrefles of Families, and like Virgins, and went 
with them to the Enemy. Levy , the Dictator, difperf- 
ed them about the Camp 5 and they incited the Men to 
drink much, becaufe they faid that was a Fefttval Day: 
The Wine made the Soldiers deep fbundly; whereupon 
a Sign being given from a wild Fig-tree, the Romans 
came and flew all the Soldiers, The Romans were not 
forgetful of this great Service ; for they made all thefe 
Maid-fervants free, and gave them Portions out of the 
publick Treafury: They ordered that the Day ihould 
be called Non& Gaprotince , from the wild Fig-tree, from 
whence they had the Sign : And they ordered an Anni- 
verfary Sacrifice to J uno Caprotina , to be celebrated un¬ 
der a wild Fig-tree, the Juice of which was mixed with 
the Sacrifices in Memory of the Action. 

. Curts or Curitis , from her Spear 2 - called Curts in the 
Language of the old Sabines. The Matrons were un- 
derftood to be under her Guardianfhip; whence, fays 
b Plutarch , the Spear is facred to her, and many of her 
Statues lean upon Spears, and fhe herfelf is called 
rites and Curitis . Hence fprings the Cuftom, that the 
Bride combs her Hair with a c Spear found flicking in 
the Body of a Gladiator, and taken out of him when 
dead, which Spear was called Hafla Celt harts. 

Cingula * d from the Girdle which the Bride wore 
when lhe was led to her Marriage j for this Girdle was 
unloofed with Juno 9 s good Leave, who was thought 
the Patronefs of Marriage . 

Dominduca and Interduca , c from bringing Home the 
Bride to her Hujband's Houfi . 

Egeria, f becaufe Jhe promoted , as they believed , the 
Facility of the Birth . 

;l Fcllus. b In Romulo. c Crinis nubentium comc- 
batur hnllacelibari,qufefcilicet incorporcgladiatoris fletif- 
fet abjcifli occifiqne. Arnob. contra Gcntes. <l A cin- 
gulo. Marian, do Nnpt. c A dneenda uxorein domum 
mariti. Aiigulh 7. do Civit. f Qubd cam partui egerendo 
opitulari crcrdercnt. Feltus. 

FehruaVts , 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 93 

Februalis , Feb mat a ^ Februa y or Februla , a becaufe 
they facrificed to her in the Month of February . b Her 
Feftival was celebrated on the fame Day with Pan's 
Feafls, when the Luperci , the Priefts of Pan , the God of 
Shepherds , running naked through the City, and c flri- 
king the Hands and Bellies of breeding Women with 
'Juno's Cloak (that is, with the Skin of a Goat) fl purified 
them ; and they thought that this Ceremony caufed to 
the Women Fruitfulnefs and eafy Labours. All Sorts 
of Purgation in any Sacrifices were called Februa ; ami 
the Animals facrificed to Juno c were a white Cow, a 
Swine, and a Sheep. The Goofe alfo, and the Pea¬ 
cock, were facred to her. 

Fluonia , f becaufe fhe affifled Women in their Courfes. 

Hoplofmia , that is, g armed completely , fhe was wor- 
fhipped at Elis j and from hence Jupiter is called Ho- 
plofmrus . . 

h J u S a ’> becaufe (he is the Go delefs of Marriages. * A 
Street in Rome y where her Altar flood, was called Ju - 
garius from thence. And anciently People ufed to en¬ 
ter into the Yoke of Marriage at that Altar. She is alfo* 
by fome, called Socigena , becaufe k fhe affifts in the cou¬ 
pling the Bride and Bridegroom. 

Lacina , from the Temple Lacinium , built and dedi¬ 
cated to her by 1 Lacinius . 

Lucina , and Lucilia , either from m the Grove, in 
which fhe had a Temple, or from the Light of this 
World, into which Infants are brought by her. 11 Ovid 

a Ex Sext. Pomp. b Cum Lupercalibus. c Ovid. 2. 
Faliorum. d Februabant, id eil s purgabnnt. Cic. 2. Phil. 
e Virg. 4. JEn. Idem 8. Idem 4. f Ovid. ibid. Quod 
fluoribus menllruis adefl. e Lil. Gyrald. h Et Graxe 
Zvyicc a jugo autconjugio. Serv, 4. ^En. J Felt us. 

!; Qubd nubentes afibciet. 1 Sirab. 1 . 6. Liv. 1 . 24, 
w A luco vel luce. Var. do Ling. Lat. 

11 Gratia Lucina, dedit bate ttbi no min a Lucks, 

Fel quia principium tu, dca , litas babes. 

Lucina , hail, fo nam’d from thy own Grove, 

Or from the Light thou givTt us from above. FaJL L 2. 

1 computes 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


comprifes both thefe Significations of Lucian in a Di~ 
ftich. 

Moneta^ 2 either becaufe {he gives wholefome Coun- 
fel to thofe who confult her, or becaufe {he was believ¬ 
ed to be the Goddefs of Money . 

h 'Nuptialis ; and when they facrificed to her under this 
Name, ] they took the Caul out of the ViCtim, and caft 
it behind the Altar ; to fignify, that there ought to.be no 
Gall of Anger betwixt thofe who are married together. 

Opigena^ becaufe fhe gives k Help toWomen in Labour. 

Partbenos , the Virgin ; or 1 Partbenia , Virginity; and 
fhe was fo called, as™ we are told, from hence: There 
was a Fountain, amongft the Argivi , called Canathus , 
where 'Juno , wafhing herfelf every Year, was thought 
to recover her Virginity anew. 

Perfe&a , that is, PerfeCf: For n Marriage was efteem- 
ed the Perfection of human Life, and unmarried People 
imperfeCf. Wherefore fhe did not become perfect, 
nordeferve that Name till {he married Jupiter . 

Populona , or Populonia , ° becaufe People pray to her ; 
or becaufe they are procreated from Marriage, of which 
file is a Goddefs. 

And for the fame Reafonfhe was called p Pronuba: 
Neither indeed were any Marriages lawful, unlefs Juno 
was firft called upon. 

Regina^ Queen: and this Title fhe gives herfelf, as 
we read in ‘i Virgil. 

" Vel quod roddat monita falutarfa, vel quod fitDeamo- 
nctr, id eft, pecuniar, Liv. 1 . 7. Suid. Ovid. Epift. Parid. 

h Greece 1 Eufcb. 3. Prscp. Evang. Pint, 

in Sympof. k Opem in partu laborantibus fert. Lil. Gy- 
rald. 1 Pindar, in Hymn, Olymp. m Paufan. in Co¬ 
rinth. " Jul. Pollux. I. 3. Apud Gmecos codem fenfu Ju¬ 
no vccabatur & conjugium ipfumTEXooi', quod vitam 

humanam redd at perfect am. Vide Scholia ft. Pindar. Od. 9. 
Veme. ® Aug. 6. de Civit. Macrob. 6. Saturn. 

P Scncca in Medea. 


n Aji ego, qiuc Divum incedo Regina, Jovifque 
lit Soy or 6c Conju.w 


JE n. 1 . 
Sofpita > 


* 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 95 

; S of pit a ^ a becaufe all the Women were fuppofed to 
be under her Safeguard, every one of which had a 
Juno , as every Man had his Genius. 

Unxia was another of her Names, b becaufe the Pofis 
of the Door were anointed, where a new-married Cou¬ 
ple lived; whence the Wife was called c Uxor, 


But I who walk in awful State above ; 

The Majefty of Heaven, Siiler and Wife of Jove. 
a A fofpitando Cic. de Nat. b Ab ungendo. Lil. Gy- 
raid, c Quafi Unxor, ab ungendis poilibus. 

SECT. III. 

The Signification of the Fable . Juno the Air ■ 

I F we regard Varrows Account, by Juno was figni- 
fied the Earthy and by Jupiter the Heavens. By the 
Marriage of which two, that is, by the Commixture of 
the Influences of the Heavens with the Vapours of the • 
Earth, all Things almofl are generated. 

But, if we believe the Stoicks, by Juno is meant the 
Air ; for that, as Tully fay, d lying between the Earth 
and the Heavens, is confecrated by the Name of Juno ; 
And what makes this Conjecture more probable, the 
Greek c Names of Juno and the Air have great Affinity 
and Likenefs. Juno is called Jupiter's Wife ; f be¬ 
caufe the Air, being naturally cold, is warmed by Ju¬ 
piter ^ that is, by Fire. She is called Acria G ; becaufe 
file is the Air itfelf, or rules in the Air; and hence a- 
rifes the Story that Juno is bound by Jupiter with 
golden Chains, iron Anvils being hung at her Feet: 
Hereby the Ancients fignified, that the Air, though na- 


d Aer interjeChis inter coclum &■ terram Junouis nomine 
confecratus eft. Cicero 2. de Natura. 


c * A wp r, H ect m 

f Hellenic, in &©$ qn%.o\oy*pt 9 Horn. Iliad, 5. 
s Phurnut. 


i 





Of the Gods of the Htat hens* 


rurally more like Fire> yet it was fometimes mingled 
with Earth and Water, the heavieft Elements. 

And, as I mentioned before, every Woman had f 
Juno , and every Man had a Genius j which were their 

Tutelar or Guardian Angels a . 



a Sen. Epift. 310. 



CHAP. XI, 

SECT. I. Minerva or Pallas. 

Her Image . 


P, HIS is a threatening Goddefs, and carries 
A nothing but Terror in her Afpe£t v 
M, It is Minerva , who derives her Name, as fome 
think? b from the Threats of her ftern and fierce Look. 

P. But why is fhe cloathed with Armour , rather 
than with Women’s Cloaths ? c What means that 
Head piece of Gold, and the Creft that glitters fo ? To 
what Purpofe has fhe a golden Breaft-plate, and a 
Lance in her Right-hand, and a terrible Shield in her 
Left ? On the Shield which fhe holds, I fee a grifly 
Head befet with Snakes. And what means the Cock 
and the Owl, that are painted there ? 

M. I will fatisfy all your Demands. She ought to 
be armed, rather than drefled in Women’s Cloaths, 
becaufe fhe is d the Prefident and Inventrefs of War. 
The Cock ftands by her becaufe he is a fighting Bird; 
and is often painted fitting on her Head-piece; as does 
the Owl, of which by and by. But as for the Head 3 
which feems fo formidable with Snakes, fhe not only 
carries it on her Shield,, but fometimes alfo in the 
Mid ft of her Bread: It is the Head of Medufa 3 one of 


h Minerva dicitur a minis. c Apollon. 90. 
H. Aineid. Cic, de Nat. Deor. I. 3, 



1*1.VIII 


r# 


'UJt' ,}<>. 


























































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens, 97 

Gorgons , of which ° Virgil gives a beautiful Defcription. 
The BafiJifk alfo is facred to her, to denote the great 
Sagacity of her Mind, and the dreadful Effects of her 
Courage, (he being the Goddefs both of Wifdom and of 
War; for, the Eye of the Bafilifk is not only piercing 
enough to difcover the fmalleft: Objedt, but it is able to 
ftrike dead into whatsoever Creature it looks on. But, 
I believe, you do not obferve ail Olive-Crown upon the 
Head of this Goddefs. 

P . It efcaped my Notice; nor do I yet fee why the 
Goddefs of War Should be crowned with an Olive , which 
is an E?nhlem of Peace ; as, I remember, I have read in 
p Virgil . 

M. For that very Reafon, becaufe it is the E?nblem * 

« # # % * J * . * % * • *• * 

of Peace it ought to be given to the Goddefs of War : 
For, War is only made that Peace may follow. Tho* 
there is another Reafon too, why fhe wears the Olive : 
For, fhe firft taught Mankind the Ufe of that Tree. 
When Cecrops built a new City, Neptune and Minerva 
contending about the Name of that City, it was refol- 
ved, that whichfoever of the two Deities found out the 
moil: ufeful Creature to Man, fhould give their Name 
to the City. Neptune, brought a Horfe, and Minerva. 
caufed an Olive to fpring out of the Earth, which was 
judged a more ufeful Creature for Man than the Horfe t 


0 JEgidaque h or rif cram , turbata? Palladis Anna, 

Cert at bn fquammis ferpentwn , auroque pplibant, 

C annex ofque angties ; ipfatnque in peftore Di-vat 
Gorgana, defetto vertentem lamina coilo . 

The reft refreili the fcaly Snakes that fold 
The Shield of Pallas, and renew their Goid : 

Full on the Creft the Gorgon* s Head they place. 

With Eyes that roll in Death and with diftorted Face. 

JEncid . 8. 

P Paciferdqttc manu ramum frectendit olivat. 

And in her Hand a Branch of peaceful Olive bears. 
Plut. in Thenuftoc. Iierod. Terpfich- 

II 


There- 



98 Of the Cods of the Heathens . 

Therefore Minerva named the City, and called it A- 
thencey after her own Name, in Greek ’aQW. 


SECT, II, The Birth of Minerva. 


H lftory mentions five 3 Minerva's. We fhall fpeak 

of that only which was born of Jupiter , and to 
whom the reft are referred. 

P. But how was fhe born ? 

M\ I will tell you, if you do not know, though it is 
ridiculous. When Jupiter faw that his Wife Juno was 
barren, he through Grief ftruck his Forehead, and after 
three Months brought forth Minerva •, from whence, 
as fome fay, (he was called b Tritonia ; Vulcan was his 
Midwife, c who, opening his Brain with the Blow* of 
an Hatchet, was amazed, when he faw d an armed Vi¬ 
rago leaping out of the Brain of the Father, inftead of 
a tender, little, naked Girl. 

Some have faid, that c Jupiter conceived this Daugh¬ 
ter when he had devoured Metis , one of his Wives, 
with which Food he prefently grew big, and brought 
forth the armed Pallas , 

They fay befides, f that it rained Gold in the Ifland 
of Rhodes , when Minerva was born: Which Obferva- 
tion e Glaudian makes alfo. 


3 Cic. de Nat, Deor. b Quart Tprt o/aspk vel T^flo^yU 
tertio menfe nata, Athena, apud Gyr, c Lucian, in Dia¬ 
log. Deorum. 

d •- De CapitisferturJine matre patemi 

Venice cunt clypeo profiluiffe fuo. 

Out of her Father’s Scull, as they report, 

Without a Mother, all in Arms leap’d forth. 
c Hertod in Theogon. f Strabo, 1 . 14.. 

5 A nr at os Rhodiis imbres, najeente Minerva , 

InduxiJJc Jovern ferunt . 

At Pallas ’ Birth, great Jupiter, we’re told, 

Byftrew’d the Rhodians with a Show’s 1 of Gold. 

* SECT, 


Ofjhe Gods of the Heathens. 


99 


SECT. III. Names of Minerva. 


L ET us firft examine whence the Names Minerva 

and Pallas are derived. 

Minerva is fo called from a diminifhing. And it is 
very true* that (he, being the Goddefs of War* dimi- 
nifhes the Numbers of Men* and both deprives Families 
of their Heads* and Cities of their Members. b But it 
may be derived from Threatenings, as I faid before5 
becaufe her Looks threaten the Beholders with Vio¬ 
lence, and ftrike them with Terror. Or, perhaps, fhe 
has her Name from the good c Admonitions fhe gives ; 
becaufe fhe is the Goddefs of IVifdom . She is common¬ 
ly thought to be IVifdom itfelf $ whence, when Men 
pretend to teach thofe that are wifer than themfelves, 
it is proverbially faid, d I'hat Sow teaches Minerva . And 
from this Name of Minerva comes Minerva !, or 1 Mi¬ 
ner vale c , fignifying the Salary that is given by the 
Scholars to their Mafters. 

The Greeks call her Athena , becaufe fhe never fucked 
the Breaft of her Mother or Nurfe f ; for file was born 
out of her Father’s Head, in full Strength, and was 
therefore called Motberlefs z . Plato thinks fhe had this 
Name from her Skill h in divine Affairs. Others think 
fhe was fo named, ' becaufe fhe is never enflaved, but 
enjoys the moft perfect Liberty : And indeed Wifdoni 
and Philofophy give their Votaries the moft perfect 


a Quod minuitvcl minuitur. Cic. de Nat. Door. b Vel 
ii minis, quod vim minetur, Cornif. ap Gyr. c Vcl a mo- 
nendo, Feftus. A Sus Minerv:un, c-JV’ aQ^oV, Cic. 9. E- 
pift. 18. c * GrXCe y^xter^ov. ** MGwae, Aba non & 
matnmam fugere. & "A^h-rtoe, y.a) u^rupy i. e. matre ca- 

rens, Pollux, Phurnut. h 9 A fiqua Ssoyvor;, vel 
hoc eft, qux divina coguofcit. Plato in Crafylo. 1 Ab 
XiSc BvctkSpu fervire, 

II 2 


Free- 



i o o Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Freedom, as the Stoicks well obferve, who fay, * The 
Philofopher or Wife-man is the only Free-man. 

She is called Pallas , from a Giant of the fame Name, 
which fhe flew ; or from the Lake Pallas , where fhe 
was firft feen by Men ; or, laflly, which is more pro¬ 
bable b , from brandifhing her Spear in War. 

She had many other Thames, which I might now re¬ 
count to you , but becaufe a grea^ many of them are 
infignificant and ufelefs, I will only fpeak of two or 
three, after I have firft difcourfed of the Palladiu?n . 

The Palladium was an Image of Pallas , preferved in 
the Caflle of the City of Troy; For, while the Caftle 
and Temple of Minerva were building, they fay, this 
Image fell from Heaven into the Temple, before it 
was covered with a Roof. This railed every body*s 
Admiration ; and when the Oracle of flpollo was con- 
fulted, he anfwered. That the City fhould be fafe fo 
long as that Image remained within it. Therefore, 
when the Grecians befieged Troy, they found c that it 
was impoffible to take the City, unlefs the Palladium 
was taken out of it. This Bufmefs was left to Vlyjfes 
and Diomedes , who undertook to creep into the City 
through the Common Sewers, and bring away this fa¬ 
tal Image. When they had performed this, Troy was 
taken without any Difficulty. d Some fay it was not 
lawful for any Perfon to remove that Palladium, or even 
to look upon it. Others add, that it was made of Wood, 
fo that it was a Wonder how it could move the Eyes 
and {hake the Spear. Others, on the contrary, report; 
that it was made of the Bones of Pclops, and fold to 
the Trojans by the Scythians: They add, that /Eneas 
recovered it, after it had been taken by'the Greeks , 
from Diomedes , and carried it with him into ° Italy' 



u Liber nemo cftnili fapiens; Tullius in Paradox. u Atto 
th ‘UJccXhiiv to a vibranda ha 11 a, Scrvius in i, AZncid. 
c Ovid. 5. Fall. (l Herodian. 1 . i. Plut. in Paral. Serv. in 
2 JEiu Clem, in Protrep. * Dion, Hal. 1. Antiq. 


where 


IOI 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

where it is laid up in the Temple of Vejla , as a Pledge 
of the Stability of the Rowan Empire, as it had been 
before a Token of the Security of Troy . And laftly, 
others write, that there were two Palladiums , one of 
which Dio/nedes took, and another JEneas carried with 
him. 

Parthenon i. e. Virgin , was another of Minerva's 
Names ; from whence :l the Temple at Athens , where 
fhe was moft religioufly worfhipped, was called Par - 
thenon : For Minerva , like Vejla and Diana , was a 
perpetual Virgin ; and fuch a Lover of Chaftity, that (he 
deprived Tireftas of his Sight, becaufe he faw her bath¬ 
ing in the Fountain of Helicon: b But Tireftas's Mo¬ 
ther, by her humble Petitions, obtained, that, fince 
her Son had loft the Eyes of his Body, the Sight of 
his Mind might be brighter and clearer, by having 
the Gift of Prophecy. 

c Ovid , indeed, afligns another Caufe of his Blind- 
nefs, to wit, when Jupiter and Juno , in a merry Dis¬ 
pute, made him Judge $ becaufe, when he killed a She- 
Serpent, he had been turned into a Woman, and, after 
feven Years, when he killed a He Serpent, he was a- 
gain turned into a Man, he pronounced for Jupiter ; 
wherefore Juno deprived him of his Sight. 

There is another illuftrious Inftance of the Chaftity 
of Minerva ; ,l when Neptune had enjoyed the beauti¬ 
ful Adcdufa (whofe Hair was Gold) in her Temple, 
file changed into Snakes that Hair which had tempted 
him ; and caufed that thofe, that looked upon her 
thereafter, fhould be turned into Stones. 

Her NameTW/Wtf was taken from the Lake c Triton y 
■where {he was educated ; as we alfo may learn from 
f Lucan y who mentions the Love which Pallas bears to 


a Homer in Hymn, ad Venereni. l> Homer. 1 . 10. 

OdyflT. c Lib. Metani. Nat. Com. 1 . 7. c. 18. 

e Paufan. in Bceot. 1 . 9. 

f Pane & Pallas am//, fat via quod <vcrticc a at a 
Terrarum frimam Lyhien (uam froxima ccvlo cjl y 

H 3 this 



102 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

this Lake; or from cS, or rpileh, [ Triton ] a Word* 
which in the old Boeotian and Molick Language, figni- 
fies a Head, becaufe fhe was born from Jupiter’s Head. 
Yet, before we leave the Lake Triton , let me tell you 
the Ceremonies that were performed upon the Banks 
of it in Honour of Minerva : a A great Concourfe of 
People out of all neighbouring Towns aflembled to fee 
the following Performance : All the Virgins came in 
feveral Companies, armed with Clubs and Stones, and, 
a Sign being given, they aflaulted each other ; fhe 
who was firft killed, was not efteemed a Virgin, and 
therefore her Body was di(gracefully thrown into the 
Lake; but fhe who received the mod and the deep- 
eft Wounds, and did not give over, was carried Home 
in Triumph in a Chariot, in the Midft of the Accla¬ 
mations and Praifes of the whole Company* 

’E eyoinq^ b [Ergatis] Operaria Workwoman , was her 
Name among the Samians , her Worfhippers; becaufe 
fhe invented divers Arts, efpecially the Art of Spin~ 
ning, as we learn from the c Poets; thus d the Dif* 
tajf is afcribed to her, and fometimes is called c Miner- 
va 9 from her Name, becaufe fhe was the Inventrefs of 
it. But, although Minerva fo much excelled all others 

Ut probat ipfc calor) t cligit , Jlagniquc quiet a 
Vulius vidit aqua , pofuitque in margine plantas , 

Et fc deleft a* Triton id a dixit , ah undd . 

This Pallas loves, born of the Brain of Jove, 

Who firll on Lybia trod ; (the Heat doth prove 
This Land next Hcav’n) (he (landing by the Side, 

Her Face, within the quiet Water fpy’d, 

A lid gave her (elf from the lov’d i ool a Name. 

n Tritonia - Hcrodot. in Melp. 

* Ex Hcfych. Ifidor. 1 . \o.^ c Ovid. 6. Mctam. 

Virgil. 7. Mucid. 'i hcocrit. Eclog. 34.. 
d Non ilia enlo calnthifquc Minerva' 

Fa:mineas ajjueta mantis, O vid. MC tam . 

To Pallas' Aits her Hands were never train’d. 

*’ Cui tol rare ado vi/am teunique Minerva, Virg. JEn. 8 . 

By tlF SpinilcrP Trade the gets her Livelihood. 

in 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 1 03 

in Spinning; yet Arachne , a young Lady of Lydta 9 very 
(kilful at Spinning, challenged her in this Art, tho* it 
proved her Ruin ; for the Godde/s tore her Work, and 
ftruck her Forehead with a a Spoke of the Wheel. This 
Difgrace drove her into Defpair, fo that (he hanged her- 
felf; wherefore Pallas , out of Companion, brought her 
again to Life, and turned her into a Spider, b which con¬ 
tinues ftill employed in Spinning. The Art of Build- 
ing, eipecially ofCaftles, was Minerva’s Invention; and 
therefore (he was believed to prefide over them. 

She is called Mufica ; becaufe fays Pliny , c the Dra¬ 
gons or Serpents in her Shield, which, inftead of Hair* 
encompafled the Gorgon’s Head, did ring and refound* 
if the Strings of an Harp or Cittern near them were 
touched. But it is more likely that fhe was fo named, 
becaufe (he invented the Pipe ; upon which, when (he 
played by the River-fide, and faw in the Water how 
much her Face was fwelled and deformed by blowing 
it, (he was moved with Indignation, and threw it afide, 
faying, d The Svjeetnefs of the Mufick is too dear, if pur - 
chafed with fo much Lofs . 


a ■■■ — — Frontem percujjict Arachnes : 

Non tulii infalixy laqueoque animofa ligavit 
Guttura y pcndentem Pallas mijhrata levavit, 

Atqiie, itciy Vive quid an, pende tamen, improba y dixit . 
Arachne thrice upon the Forehead fmote ; 

Whofe great Heart brooks it not: About her Throat 

A Rope (lie ties; remorfeful Pallas llaid 

Her falling Weight; Live, Wretch; Yet hang, Hie faid. 

Ovid, Met am, 6 , 

b - - Et anti quas cxcrcet Aranea telas . 

And, now a Spider turn’d, (he ftill fpins on. Id. its. 
c Di&aeft Muiica, quoddraconcsin ejus Gorgone ad ic¬ 
tus citharne tinnitu refonabant. Pint. Nat . Itijl, 1 . 34., c. 8., 

a - - Iprocul hincy non cjl mihi tibia tanii, 

TJt vidit vultus Pallas in cmr:c fuos. 

Away, thou art not fo much worth, flic cry’d. 

Pear Pipe, when flic her Face P tip Streams eljpyM. 

H 4 Glau+ 


104 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

■ ft 

& Glaucopis was another of her Names ; becaufe her 
Eyes, like the Eyes of an Owl, were grey or fky-co- 
Joured, that is, of a green Colour mixed with white. 
Others think that (he was not called fo from the Co¬ 
lour of her Eyes, but from the Terror and Formidable- 
Hefs of l.er Mien ; for which Reafons Lions and Dra¬ 
gons are alfo called Glaucii and Cczfh* 

She was alfo called Pylotis^ fiom a b Greek Word, 
fignifyingtf Gate : For, as the Image of Mars was fet 
up in the Suburbs, fo her Effigies or Picture was placed 
on the City-gates, or Doors of Houfes ; whereby they 
fignified, that we ought to ufe our Weapons Abroad, 
to keep the Enemy from entering our Towns : but in 
the Tcivn we muft ufe the Afliftance of Minerva^ not 

4 

of Mars; that is, the State ought to be governed at 
Home by Prudence, Counfel, and Law. 


a r^avxd'Tnc^^ibens oculos glaucos & caefios, qualeshabet 
yV/.y£, nodlua; Paufan in Attic. b A7ro -r^s a porta, 

Phurnut. ATchyl. in Eumenid. 


SECT. IV*. fThe Signification of the Fable . 

Pallas the Symbol of Wifdom and Chaftity. 

% 

B Y this Story of Minerva c the Poets intended to 
reprefent IVifdorn \ that is, true and fkilful Know¬ 
ledge, joined with difereet and prudent Manners. They 
hereby fignified alfo the Underftanding of the nobleft 
Arts, and the AccomplHhments of the Mind ; the Vir¬ 
tues, and efpecially Chaftity . Nor, indeed, without 
Reafon; for, 

I. Minerva is faid to be born out of Jupiter's 
Brain ; becaufe the Wit and Ingenuity of Man did 
jiot invent the ufeful Sciences, which for the Good of 





* % 

Of the Gods of the Heathens. 105 

■ % 

Man were derived from the Brain of "Jupiter ; that is, 
from the inexhaufted Fountain of the Divine Wifdom, 
from whence not only the Arts and Sciences, but the 
Bleflings of Wifdom and Virtue alfo proceed. 

2. Pallas was born armed ; a becaufe a wife Man’s 
Soul, being fortified with Wifdom and Virtue, is in¬ 
vincible: He’s prepared and armed againfl Fortune; 
in Dangers he’s in'repid, in CrofTes unbroken, in Ca¬ 
lamities impregnate. Thus b though the Image cf Jupi¬ 
ter fweats in foul I'Veather ; yet as Jupiter bimfelj is dry 
and unconcerned with it , fo a wife Man's Mind is har¬ 
dened againjl all the AJJ'aults that Fortune can make upon 
his Body . 

3. Minerva is a Virgin , c as all the Mufes are, and 
accordingly the Sight of GOD is promifld to pure and 
undefiled Eyes ; for, even the Heathens thought that 
chafte Eyes could fee GOD ; and Wifdom and Mo- 
defly has often appeared in the Vtfions of holy Men, in 
the Form and Habit of Virgins. 

4. Minerva has a fevere Look, and a ftern Counte¬ 
nance; becaufe a wife and modefl Mind gains not its 
Repuration and Efleem fr<>m outward Beauty and Fi¬ 
nery, but from inward Honour and Virtue; for Wif¬ 
dom joined with Modefty, though cloathed with Rags, 
yet fends forth a glorious fiiining Lullre ; (he has as 
much Beauty in tattered Garments, as when file is 
cloathed with Purple, and as much Majefly when fhe 
fits on a Dunghill, as when fhe is placed on a Throne ; 
fhe is as beautiful and charming when joined to the In¬ 
firmities and Decays of Old-age, as when flic is united 
to the Vigour and Comelinefs ot Youth. 


a Cicero iu Paradoxis. b Quemadmodum enim non 
colliquefcit Jupiter dnm fimulacrum cjus liqucfit; fic fa pi¬ 
ca tis animus ad quoflibct advcrfie for tuna? cafus obdurefcit. 
Seneca. c Greg. NyfT. do Virg, initio capitum 4 Sc 5 
iServ, in uEneid. 


5. She 


io6 Of the Gods of the Heathens • 

5> She invented and exercifed the Art of Spinning : 
From hence other Virgins, if they would preferve their 
Chaftity, may learn never to indulge IdJene/s, hut to 
employ tbemfelves continually in feme Sort of Work: 
After the Example of a Lucretia , a noble Roman Prin- 
cefs, who was found late at .Night fpinning amongft 
her Maids, working, and fitting in the Middle of the 
Room, when the young Gentlemen came thither 
from the King. 

6. As the Spindle and the Di/laff were the Invention 
of Minerva , (o they are the Arms of every virtuous 
Woman:, When fhe is furnifhed with thefe, {he will 
defpife the Enemy of her Honour, and drive away Cupid 
from her with the greateft Eafe \ b for which Reafon 
thofe Inftruments were formerly carried before the 
Bride when fhe was brought to her Hulband’s Houfe $ 
and fomewhere it is a Cuftom, at the Funeral of'Wo¬ 
men, to throw the Dijlaff and Spindle into the Grave 
with them. 

7. As foon at Tirefias had feen Minerva naked, he 
loft his Sight: Was it for a Punifhment, or for a Re¬ 
ward: Surely he never faw Things fo acutely before j 
for then he became a Prophet, and knew future Things 
long before they were a£led. Which is an excellent 
Precept to us, Tnat he who had once, beheld the 
Beauty of true Wifdom clearly, nay, without repin¬ 
ing, lofe his bodily Sight, and want the View of cor¬ 
poral Things, ft nee he beholds the Things that are to 
come, and enjoys the Contemplation of eternal heavenly 
Things, which are not vifible to the Eye. 

8. An Owl v a Bird feeing in the Dark, was facred 
to Minerva , and painted upon her Images, which is 
the Representation of a wife Man, who, fcattering 
jand difpelling the Clouds of Ignorance and Error, is 
clear-lighted, where others are ftarlc blind. 


9 

•* Livy, 1 . 1. u B.llof. lib. ult, c, 13. 

9. What 


I 


Tftac to?. 












Of the Gods of the Heathens . To y 

9. What can the Palladium mean, an Image which 
gave Security to thofe Cities in which it was placed, un- 
lefs that thofe Kingdoms flourifh and profper where JVif*. 
iom prefides ? It is fuppofed to have fallen down from’ 
Heaven, that we may underftand(whatwe find confirm¬ 
ed by the Scripture) a That every good and per f eft Gift 
comes from above , and defends from the Father, of Lights. 

To this I add the Infcription which was heretofore to 
be feen in the Temple of Minerva , written in golden 
Letters, amongft the Egyptians ; b I am what is , what 
jhall be , what bath been ; my Veil hath been unveiled by 
none : The Fruit which I have brought forth is this , the Sun 
is born. Which are Words, as I think, full of Myfte- 
lies, and contain a great deal of Senfe : Let every one 
interpret.them according to his Mind. 


a Epift, Jac. i. 17. b Ego fum quo; funt, quse erunt, 
pise fuerunt: Velum meum revelavit nemo. Quern ego 
ruftumpeperi, Sol eft natus. VideLil. Gyrald. Synt. 12. 



C H A P. XII. 

SECT. I. Venus, her Image . 

* j 

M. * | ' URN your Eyes now to afweet Object, and 
JL view that Goddefs , in whofe Countenance all, 
Graces fit and play, and difcover all their Charms. 
You fee a Pleafantnefs, a Mirth, a Joy in every Parc 
of her ; Face : You fee a thoufand pretty Beauties and 
Delights fporting wantonly in her fnowy Bofom. Ob¬ 
serve. with what a becoming Pride fhe holds up her 
Head and views herfelf, where (he finds nothing but 
Joys and foft Delights. She is cloath'ed with a c purple 


c Philoftrat. I. 2. Imag. Ovid. Metain. 15. A pul. I. 6. 

Horat. Od. 3. Ovid. Meum. 10. Sappho Poet, 

Mantle, 





lolf Of the 'Gods of the Heathens, ' 


Mantle, glittering with Diamonds, By her Side ftand 
two Cupids, and round her are the three Graces, and 
after follows the lovely beautiful Adonis , who holds up 
the Goddefs’s Train. The Chariot, in which (herides, 
is made of Ivory, finely carved, and beautifully painted 
and gilt, and is drawn by Swans and Doves, or Swal- 
lo-ws.y.as Venus directs, when (he pleafes to ride in it. 

P . Is that Venn r , the Godaefsof'Lovef the Patronefs 
of Strumpets, the vile Promoter of Impudence and Lull, 
infamous for fo many Whoredoms, Rapes, andlncefts? 

• M.s Yes, that is Venus , whom v in more honourable 
Terms, Men ftile the Goddcfs of the Graces , the Au¬ 
thor of Elegance, Beauty, Neatnefs, Delight, and 
Chearfu'ncfs : But in Reality fhe is, as you fay, an 
impudent Strumpet, and'the-Miflrefs and Prefideut of 
Obfc.enity. 

P. Why then is fhe fo beautifully painted ? Why is 
her Dr.cfs fo glorious ? Why is not her Chariot rather 
drawn by Swine, and Dogs, and Goats, than Swans 
and Doves, the purett and chaflefl: of Birds ? Infernal 
and black Spirits are Attendants more fuitable to her 
than the Graces. 

Ad. What do you fay ?cBlind fonlifh Men ufed for¬ 
merly to ere£I Altars, and deify their Vices ; they hal¬ 
lowed the greateft Impieties with Frankincehfe, and 
thought to afeend into Heaven by the Steps of their 
Iniquities: But let us not inveigh againft the Manners 
of Men, but rather proceed in our Story of Venus . 

You will in other Places fee her painted, fometimes 
like a young Virgin rifing from the Sea, and riding in 
a Shell z again, like a Woman holding the’Shell in her 
Hand, her Head being crowned with Rofes. a Sometimes 
her Pi&ure has a Silver Looking-glafs in its Hand, and 
on its Feet are golden Sandals and Buckles. In the 



* Philoflrat. in Imagin. Paufan. in Corinth. 

• * • x * * - ^ f - . . . 


Pictures 



Of the Gods of, the Heathens. i og 

I 

Pictures of the Sicyonians , fhe holds Poppy in one Hand, 
and an Apple in the other* They coniecrated to her the 
Thighs of all Sacrifices except Swine ^ for Venus ^ althof 
fhe herfelf be filthy and unclean, abominates Swine for 
their Uncleannefs : or rather becaufe a Boar killed A- 

J , i i 

don is her Gallant. a At Elis file was painted treading 
on a Tortoife, fhewing, thereby, that Virgins ought 
not to ramble abroad ; and- that-married Women ought 
to keep Silence, and love their own Home, arid govern 
their Family. She wore a Girdle or Belt, called Cef- 
tus (from which fome derive Incejius , Incejl) in which all 
Kinds of Pleafures, Delights, and Gratifications were 
folded tip! b Some gave her Arrowy, and make Python 

of Suada , the Goddefs of Eloquence , her Companion. 

> • 

* si • 

f # • 

1 ■ - ' ~ - ‘ J ' ' ’ ~^ 

. * l 

a Plut. in pr£ec. connub. & lib. de Ifid* Sc Ofir. b Horn. 
Iliad. Eurip. in Medea. Ex Phurn* 


SECT. II. The Defcent of Venus. 

W E leaf A 'fr6m‘ fever al -Authors, c that there were 

four Venus's born of different Parents ; but this 
Venus , of whom we fpeak, was the eminenteft of them, 
and had the Beauties as well as the Blemifhes of the other 
commonly aferibed to her. <l She fprang from the Froth 
of the Sea, which Froth was made, when they cut off the 
Secrets of Ccelus or his Son Saturn , and threw them in¬ 
to the Sea. c Hence fhe was by the Greeks called Aphro¬ 
dite ; though others think file was fo named from the 
Madnefs with which Lovers abound. f As foon as fhe 
was born, fhe was laid, like a Pearl, in a Shell in head 
of a Cradle, and was driven by Zcphyrus upon the Ifland 
Cyprus , where the Flours [Horse J received her, and 
took her into their Bofoms, educated, accomplifhed, and 


11 » 


» • ♦ * 


* 


c Cic. dc Nat. Deor. He hod. in Theo:;on. c Kx 'App's 
fpuma ; vel, ut alii dicunt. '/Wo tu dp$a\nu, infanirc. Kx 
kuripidl Sc Fhurnut. 1 Homer. in Hymn, ad Veneroni. 

adorned 





I id 


Of the Gods of the hie Athens. 


r .* 




adorned her, and, when fhe came to Age, carried her 
into Heaven, and prefented her to the Gods, who, 
being taken with her Beauty, all'defired to marry her; 
but at laft fhe was betrothed to Vulcan , and after ward$f ; ; 
married to him. 


SECT. III. Names of V e n u s. 

S HE is called Venus y fays TTully ; 3 becaufe all Things 
are fubje£t to the Laws of Love, or are produced 
and begotten by Love: Or elfe, as b others fay, her 
Name is given her, becaufe fhe is eminently beautiful; 
for fhe is the Goddefs of Beauty : Or, laftly, fhe is fo 
called, becaufe fhe c was a Stranger or Foreigner to the 
Romans : For, fhe was firfl worfhipped by the Egyptian j, 
and from the Egyptians fhe was tranflated to the Greeks 
and from thence to the Romans. Let us -now proceed 
to her other Names. 

A?nica> ‘eT cripa, [ Hetaira ] was a Name given her by 
the Athenians \ ,l becaufe fhe joins, Lovers together: Ad 
this Greek Word is ufed both in a good and bad Signifi¬ 
cation, fignifying both a Sweetheart and a Strumpet. 

Armata ; becaufe c when the Spartan Women falli- 
ed out of their Towns, befieged by the Meffenians , ad 
beat them, their Hufbands, who were ignorant of it, 
went out to fight, and met their Wives returning from 
the Purfuit: The Men, believing them Enemies, made 
themfelves ready to fight; but the Women fhewed, 
both bv Words and by Deeds, that they were their 


% 


h ♦ 

» 4 ' 


h 

* 


»' I 

tl 


a A veniendo, quod ad omnes res veniat, vel qubd per 
earn omnia proveniant ac progignantur. b Venus quafi ve- 
nufta, Paufan. in Attic. c Venus veniendo, quali adven¬ 
titia, fic Graicorum Do£trina adventitia & tranfinarina 
vocabatur. Cic. Oflic. 1. i. ll ‘Erafya, id eft, focia, quc)d 
ainicos & arnicas jtfngeret. Feftus cx Apol, & Hefych; 
c Paufan. in Lucan. & fii Attic. 


Wives, 




>> 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. i11 

Wives, (Modefty forbids a plainer Explanation;) and 
for this Reafon a Temple was dedicated to Venus Armada* 
The Sidomans called her a AJlarte , or Dea Syria (which 
Goddefs, others think, was the Moon) and worfhipped 
her in the Figure of a Star. 

Jpaturia , that is, b the Deceiver 5 for neither is any 
Thing more deceitful than a Lover, nor any Thing 
more fraudulent than Love, which flatters our Eyes* 
and pleafes us, like Rofes* in their fineft Colours, but 
leaves a Thorn in the Heart; it torments the Mind, 
and wounds the Confcience. 

She was called by the Romans c Barbata 3 becaufe, 
when the Roman Women were fo troubled with a vio¬ 


lent Itching that all their Hair fell off, they prayed to 
Venus , and their Flair grew again : Whereupon they 
made an Image of Venus with a Comb, and gave it a 
Beard, that fhe might have the Signs of both Sexes, 
and be thought to prefide over the Generation of both. 
That this might be exprefied more plainly, the upper- 
moft Part of the Image reprefented a Man, and the 
lower Part of it a Woman. 

- Cypris , Cypria , and Cyprogenia , becaufe fhe was 
worfhipped in the Ifland of Cyprus . Cytherh and 
Cytherea, from the Ifland of d Cytherea , whither fhe was 
firft carried in a Sea-fhell. 

There was a Temple at Rome dedicated to Venus 
Calva ; c becaufe when the Gauls poflefled that City, 
Ropes for the Engines were made with the Women’s 
Hair. 

Cluciana , from f Cluo> an old Word, to fight ; becaufe 
her Image was fet up in the Place, in which the Peace 
was concluded betwixt the Romans and Sabines. 

Erycina , from the Mountain K Eryx in the Ifland of 

a Epiph. contra Hajref. Kuieb. 1. de Pncp. Evang, b Ab 
fallo. Lucian, dt* Dea Syr. Strabo. 1 . u. 0 Serv. 
Macrob. Suidas Sc alii. (1 Feltus. c L:*dlant, lib. i. Divin. 
inllitut. f Vcgotius dc militari, Plin. 1 . j c Pol \ Ik 


. 1. 


” ^ ^ ’ + 9 w * 

t. f Vcgctius dc militari. « Plin. 1. j 5 polyb, 
Scrv. 2. uflSn. 

Sicily ; 



112 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Sicily ; upon which /Eneas built a fplendid and famous 
Temple to her Honour, becaufe. fhe was his Mother* 

3 Horace makes mention of her under this Name. 

^ _* 4 

b She is properly called Ridens , and Homer calls her c a 
Lover of Laughing ; for, fhe is.faid d to be born laughing? 
and from thence called the Goddefs of Mirth . 

Hortenfis ; becaufe fhe looks after the Production of 
Seeds and Plants in Gardens. And ,FeJlus tells us, that 
the Word Penus is by Neevias put for Herbs? as. Ceres is 
for B'*ead? and Neptunus for Fiji). 

c 1 daha and Acidalia , from the Mountain Idalus , in 
the I hand Cyprus , and the Fountain Acidalius in Baeo - 
tia. 

Marina ; becaufe fhe was born of the Sea fas we 

^ 4 • , • • • _ « \ » 

faid) and begotten of the Froth of the Waters $ which 
f Aufonius hath elegantly mentioned in his Poem. 

From thence fhe. is called s Aphroditis and Anadyomenc? 
that is, emerging out of the Waters, as Apelles painted 
her; and Pontia , from Pontus. Hence came the Cuf- 
lom, that thofe who had efcaped any Danger bv Wa¬ 
ter, ufed to facrifice to Penus . Hence alfo the Mariners 
obferved thofe Solemnities called Aphrodifa? which 
Plutarch delcribes in aTreatife againft Epicurus . 

MAanis? or Melcznis , h that is, dark and concealed : 
Of which Nature are all NoClurnal Amours, both law- 

• t 

4 « « 

a Sinte tu mantis, Erycina ridens? 

Quant jocus circumnjolat & Cupido. 

If you, blithe Goddefs, will our Side defend. 

Whom Mirth andbrilkDclire do ftill attend. Hor. 1 .1 .Od.2. 
h Saidas Phurnut. 0 <pfo h c. amans rifus, Horn. 
Iliad. 20. 

Hcfxod. c Virg. i. JEn. Sc Serv. Horatlus fiepe. 
f Orta falo, fufeept a folo , pat re edit a Caelo. 

Heaven gave her Life, the Sea a Cradle gave, 
and Kart IPs* wide Regions her with Joy^ receive. 

r. Pliu. 35. c. 10 Alex, ab Alex. Clitipho Sc Leucippc, 
h Nigra Sc tenebrofa, h i. c. niger, quod omne 

amoris opus amat tenebras. Paufan. in Arcad, 

ful 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. ■ 1 1 3 

ful and unlawful. For a Works of Love do allef therfx 
feck the Dark. Whence the Egyptians zvorjhippeda Ve¬ 
nus, called b Scotia , a Godaefs to be admired in the Nighty 
that is, in Marriage. 

Meretrix ; c becaufe (he taught the Women, in Cy¬ 
prus , to proflitute themfelves for Money. 

d Migonitis fignifies her Power in the Management 
of Love. Therefore Paris , after he had mixed Em¬ 
braces with Helena , dedicated the fir ft Temple to c Ve¬ 
nus Migonitis ; and f Virgil ufes a like Expreftion fpeak- 
ing of the Affairs of Love; 

She is called Murcia in Livy and Pliny, qitaft Myrtea 5 
becaufe the Myrtle was facred to Venus ; and her Tem¬ 
ple, upon the Avcntine Mountain at Rome * was ancient¬ 
ly called Murcus . 

Paphia , from the City Paphos in the Illand of Cy* 
prus 9 where they facrificed Flowers arid Frankincenfe 
to her. And this is mentioned by £ Virgil\ This 


a Pind. Od. 9. Pyrrh. ex bjefye. b 2^ T c^a ««« vvtfi 
pftnijDea admirandaanoftu & tenebris. Eurip.in Hippol. 
c Left. & Serv. tl a i. e. mifeeo, Paufan. in Lacon. 

c Veneri Migonitidi. 

f — 1 — quern Rhea facerdos. 

Fur two part u , fub luminis edidit aurds * 

Mixta Deo Maher* ^Encid. 7» 

-Him Prieftcfs Rhea bore 

Into the lightfome World ; fo ftol’ft by Joy, 

Mixt with a Deity, flic brought a Boy. 

K Ipfa Paphum fublimis adit , Jedcfquc revifit 
Lrcia Jit as, ubi templum illi , cent unique Sabco 
Thu re calcnt arat, Jertifque reccntibus ha lan t. 

This Part perform’d, the Goddcfs Hies fublime. 

To vifit Paphos and her native Clime, 

Where Garlands, evergreen and ever fair, 

With Vows are offer’d, and with folemn Pray’r: 

An hundred Altars in her Temple fmokc, 

A Thotifand bleeding Hearts her PowV invoke.' xE». 1. 

I linage 


514 Of Gods of the Heathens. 

Image had not a human Shape ; but as a ‘Tacitus fays. 
It was from the Top to the Bottom of an orbicular Figure , 
a little broad beneath $ the Circumference was fmall and 
Jharpening toward the Top like a Sugar-loaf.- The Reafon 
unknown. b Lucan obfei ves, that it was ufual to wor~ 
(hip other Gods in confufed fhapelels FigurevS. 

For ceitain the Goddefs Peffmuntia (of whom we 
fhall fay more when we fpeak of Cybele) was nothing 
but a fhapelefs Stone* which fell down from Heaven, 
as we find by Herodian. So c Tcrtullian fays. Even 
Pallas, the Athenian Goddefs , and Ceres, the Goddefs of 
Corn , both of them zviihout any certain Effigies to them , but 
meer rugged Stakes , and fhapelefs Pieces of ITood^ are Things 
that are bought andfold . And Arnobius adds , d The Ara¬ 
bians worjhipped a Stone without Form or Shape of a 
Deity . 

Her Name c Verticordia fignifies the Power of Love, 
to change Hearts, and eafe the Minds of Men from all 
Cares that perplex them. f Ovid mentions this Power 
of hers. And for the fame Reafon Venus is called in 
the Greek s Epiftrophia . 


a F.rat c'ontinuusorbis,latiore initio, tenuem in ambitum, 
anctse modo exurgens; & ratio in obfeuro. Lib . 3, 

-- b fmulacraqite mafia Dearum 

Arte car ext) catcifque extant infer mi a t rancis. 

All artlcfs, plain, mifhopen Trunks they are. 

Their Mofs and Mouldinefs procures a Fear. 
c Et Pallas Attica Sc Ceres Farrea fine effigie rudi palo, Sc 
informi ligno proftant. Tertul. in Apol. d Arabcs infor- 
mcm colucrunt lapidem. Arnob. contra Genteo Lib. 6. 
c Qua ft cord a vertens. 

f Templa jubet fieri Ve?icri y quit us or dinefaB is , 

hide Venus njcrfo nomina corde tenet. Fall. 

Temples arc rais’d to Venus whence the Name, 

From changing Minds, of Verticordia came, 
k quod vertat homines. Paulan, Attic. 


9 


SECT. 


' . • • , * 

OJ' the Gods oj" the Heathens. 1 15 
SECT* IV, ASlions of Venus. 

W HAT Deeds can you expert from an impudent 

and powerful Strumpet, but thofe which are full 
of Lewdnefs, and Mifchicf, and Plagues ? It were end- 
lefs only to repeat the Names of all thofe, -whom fhe 
has armed to the Ruin of one another; whom flic has 
turned into Beafts, by inciting them to commit fuch 
monftrous Wickednefs, as Modefty will not let me 
mention; 

For, who* without blufhing, can hear the Story of 
jViflitnene? who, ihfpired by impure Luft, and raging 
with curfed Flames, a is faid to have committed Inceffc 
with her own Father; for which abominable Wicked¬ 
nefs flie was changed into an Owl, an ugly difmal Bird 
of the Night, who, b confcious of her Guilt, never ap¬ 
pears in the Day-time, but feeks to conceal her Shame, 
and cover it by Darknefs, being driven from the So¬ 
ciety of all Birds. 

Who does not abhor the fame Fa&of PAyrrba, which 
wascontrived and committed by the Encouragement and 
the Afiiftance of Venus ? She committed Incefl: with her 
own Father by the A/fiftance of Cynatas^ her old Nurfe ; 
(may fuch Pradfices of old Women receive their juflr 
Reward) but her Sin proved her Ruin ; c for, fhe was 

0 

u — Patriimt tcmcraffe entile . Ovid. z. M. t. 

-- To have defil’d her Father’s Bed. 

^ Confcia culpa 

Confpcftimi , lucemqucfug it; tev.ebnfquc purlorem 
Cclat, & a cun fits expcllitur acre toto. 

Still confcious of her Shame avoids the I ight. 

And flrivcs to fhroud her guilty Head in Night, 

Expell’d the winged Choir. 

c quanquam a mi fit <vctcrcs cum corporc fenftis , 

Piet tamen , & tepidm ?n an ant rx arbor c gut tm. 

Tho* Senfe with Shape flic hnl, Hill weeping^ flic 
Shads bitter Tears, which trickle from her 'Tree. 

Oy.v/. Met. ro- 

I 2 turned 


i 1 6 Of the Gods of the Heat hefts. 

turned into a Tree, which always, as it were,, bewails 
its Impurity, and fends forth Drops like Tears, 

Why fhould I mention the Pn?p<&tides, the Chiefs of 
Strumpets, who denied that Venus was a Goddefs? 
They were thefirft Proftitutes* and u were afterwards 
turned into Stones. 

Why fhould I fet before you Pygmalion , a Statuary J 
who, confidering the great Inconveniencies of Marri- 
age, had jfiefol ved to live fingle; but, afterwards making 
a moft elegant and artificial Image of Venus , he fell fo 
much in Love with his own Workmanfhip, that he 
begged of Venus to turn it into a Woman, and in- 
liven the Ivory. His Wifhes were granted, and he be¬ 
got of this Image Paphos , from whom the b Ifland Pa - 
phos had its Name. 

And here it will not be abfurd briefly to relate the 
Stories of Pyramus and Thijhe , Atalanta and Hippomenes> 
Paris and Helena , three Couple of moft unfortunate 
Lovers. 

Pyramus and Thijhe were both Inhabitants of the City 
of Babylon $ equal in Beauty, Age, Conditions, and For¬ 
tune. They began to love each other from their Cradles, 
Their Houfes were contiguous, fo that their Love arofe 
from their Neighbourhood, grew greater by their mu¬ 
tual Play, and was perfected by their Angular Beauty, 
This Love increafed with their Years, and when they 
were marriageable, they begged their Parents Confentj 
which was refufed, becaufe of fome former Quarrels be- 

* — '» ill ■ 1 '■ % *,» »» .>..... . ,,, , 1 . I 1 11^ » M illie 

—•— pro q l(0 f ua Numhiis ird 
Corpora , cum forma , pr'unimi <v id gaffe feruntur \ 

IJtquo pudor Ci'jfit , Snnguifquc induruit oris , 

In rigidum par<uo fill con dijerhnine verfe, 

'Hie firil that ever gave themfelvcs, for Hive, 

To Prollitution, urg’d by Venus* Ire; 

The Looks imbolden\i, Modefly now gone, 

Convert at length to little differing Stone. Id. Ilid. 
h —— de quo tenet hi fid a nomen . . Id. ilid, 

Prom whom the lihuid d ots its Name receive. 


tween 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 117 

* 

tween the two Families. And, that the Children might 
not attempt-any thing again ft their Parents Will, they 
were not permitted to fee each other, or to fpeak toge¬ 
ther. What could Pyramus do ?* Or how could Thtfbe 
hear this? "Fhere was a Partition-’Wall between both 
Houfes; in which Wall there was a fmall Chink, never 
difeovered by any of the Servants. 'This' Crevice a the 
Lovers found, and met ‘ here. Their Words 'and their 
Sigiiswent through, but KifTes could notpafs’; which, 
when they parted, they b printed on each .Side of the 
Wall. . But what a fatal Rapture in their Hearts did 
this fmall Breach in the Wall produce ? for their Love 
was too great to be confined to fuch narrow Bounds : 
The next Night therefore they refolved to enjoy that Li¬ 
berty abroad, which they could not-receive at home, by' 
efcaping irito .a neighbouring Wood, where they agreed 
to meet under the Shade of a large Mulberry-Tree, 
which flood clofe to a Fountain. When Night came 
on, Xhifbe deceives her Keepers, and efcapes fir ft, and 
flies into the Wood ; for Love gave her Wings. When 
fhe came to the appointed Place, c a Lionefs came frefh 



a Quid nonfentit amor f ... . 

-- Warn priml <vidijiis , amanles * ' - • 

Et <vocis feciflis iter.; tutecquc per illuef 
Murmure hi arid Hi at mini wo traiijire Jolt-bant . 

This for fo many Ages undefery’d, 

(What cannot Love find out?) The Lovers fipy’d. 

By which their whifp’ring Voices foftly trade, 

And Paflion’sam’rous Ambafiies convey’d. Q-uid. Met. 4. 

-. pratique dcderc 

OfcttJa quifqtte fnh no?/ peruenientia centra . 

-Their Rifles grect 

The fenfelufs Stones with Lips that cannot meet. 


c - qjenit ecce recenti 

Cade. Lea://a bonnifpuma.nl es chill a rift us, 

Depo/ilura fit im 'idcini'fbnfis h: u>:da. 

When Jo a Lionefs, with Blood hefmear’d. 
Approaching to the well -known Spring appear'd. 

1 A 


fi oin 


118 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

from the Slaughter of fome Cattle, to drink at the 
Fountain, Thifbe was fo frightened that fhe ran into a 
Cave, and in her Flight her Veil fell from her Head ; 
the Lionefs, returning from the Fountain, found the 
Veil, and tore it with her Jaws frpear’d with the Cat¬ 
tle’s Blood. Afterwards comes Pyramus , and fees the 
Friiit of a wild Bead’s Foot in the Gravel, and by and 
by finds the Veil of Phi fie bloody and torn. He imme¬ 
diately imagining that fhe was killed and devoured by 
the Bead, prefently grew diftra£ted, and hastened to the 
appointed Tree; and when he could not find Pbifie, he 
threw himfelf upon his Sword, and died. phtjbe in the 
mean Time recovered from her Fright, and came to the 
Mulberry-Tree; where, when fhe came near, fhe fees 
a a iVlan expiring. At firft file was amazed, and flopped, 
and went back frighted. But when fhe knew b who it 
was, fhe ran into the Embraces of her dying Lover, 
mingled her Tears with his Blood, and folding her 
Arms about him, being almoft diftra&ed with Grief, 

0 

fhe lamented the Misfortune that robbed her of her Lo¬ 
ver, c called upon him to anfwer if he could, when his 

■ I 


a --- tremebunda <videt ptdfare crueniu?n 

Membra folum . 

- • in great Snrprife 

Blood-reeking Earth,.and trembling Limbs Ihe fpies. 
b Sed poftquam remorata fuos cognovit amores. 

But when a nearer View confirm’d her Fear, 

That *twas her Pyramus lay welt’ring there.' 

0 Pyrame, refponde , tua te chariJJimaPhifie 
fiomhiat , exaudi, <vultufque at to liejacentes. 

'Ad nomen Phtfies, oculos in morte graduates 
Pyramus erexit , ^vi/dque recondidit ilia. 

She kifs’d his Lips, and when fhe found them cold* 
No longer could from wild Complaints withhold. 1 
What flrange Mifchance, what envious Deftiny ' 
Divorces my dear Pyramus from me ? 

Thy Thifie calls—O, Pyramus , reply ! 

Can Pyramus be deaf to Pbifid 's Cry ? 



'Of the Gods of the Heathens. 119 

*ThiJbe called him 5 but he was fpeechlcfs, and, only 
loo king 1 .up to her, expired. And now Tbifbc was ai¬ 
med dead with Grief. She tore her Cheeks, and beat 
•her Breafts, and rent her Hair, and fhed a Deluge of 
Tears, upon hiscold Face ; nor feemed to mourn, till (lie 
•perceived her Veil, bloody and torn, in Pyramus’s Hand* 
She then underftood the Occafion of his Death; and, 
with all her Strength, fhe draws the Sword out of the 
Body of her Lover, and ftrilces it deep into her own ; 
and falling accidentally on him, gave him a cold Kifs, 
and breathed her laft Breath into his Bofom. The Tree 
was wanned with the Blood of the Slain, fo that it be¬ 
came fenfible of their Misfortune* and mourned. Its 
Berries, which were before white, became firfl red 
with Grief, and blufhed for the Death of Py ramus\ 
when *TbiJl)e alfo died, the Berries then became black 
and dark, as if they had put on Mourning. 

In the next Place hear the Story of Atalanta and Hip - 
pomenes . She was the Daughter of King Scbameus* or 
Cteneus . It was doubted whether her Beauty or Swifr- 
nefs in running were greater. When fhe confulted 
the Oracle, whether fhe (hould marry or no, fhe receiv¬ 
ed this Anfwer, that Marriage would be fatal to her. 
Hereupon the Virgin hid hcrfelfin the Woods, and 
Jived in Places remote from the Converfation of Men. 

4 

But the more fhe avoided them, the more eagerly they 
courted her. Her Difdain inflamed their Defires, and 
her Pride raifed their Adoration.' At lad, when (lie 
favv fhe could not other wife deliver herfclf from the 
Importunity of her Lovers, fhe made this Agreement: 
with them : c You court me in vaiir, fays flic ; he .who 
c overcomes me in running, fhall be my Flu (band ; 

6 but they who Hie beaten by me fliall fuffer Death; 



When v hijhc's Name the dying Lover heard. 

Bis half-clos’ii Byes for one lajl . 1 ,00k he rear’d ; 
Which, having fnatch’d the Bleiling of that Sight, 
Jlcfign’d themiclves to cverlailing Niftht. 

1 \ 



1 20 


Of the Gods , of the Heathens 


c I’ll be the Vigor’s Prize, but the Vanqui(bed’s Ptl- 

* nifhment. If thefe Terms pleafe, come, go .wi th me 
6 into the Field/ They a all agreed to thefe Conditi*- 
ons; they ft rove to.outrun her.; but they we re, all, beaten 
and put to Death, according to the. Agreement,; dif¬ 
fering the Lofs of their Lives for.the Fault. % of their Feet. 
"Yet the Example of thefe Gentlemep did not deter 
liippomenes from undertaking: the Race. • He entertain- 

• a M ... • ** * '• • ’ _ * 

ed Hopes of winning the Victory ; becaufe Venus had 
given- him three golden Apples, gathered .in the Gar¬ 
dens of the Hejperides ; and alfo told him.how-to ufe 
them. Hippomencs brifkly fet out and began the Race ; 
and when - he faw -that overtook, him, he 

threw; down a golden-Apple.:. The Beauty of it inti- 
,ced her, fo that (lie b went out of her Way, followed 
the Apple, and took it tip. 

Afterwards he threw dovyn another, and fhe (looped 
again to reach it $ and again a third ;. fo that while _Ata- 
lanta was bufied in gathering them up, Plippomenes 
reached the Goal, and took the Lady as the .Prize of 
his Victory. 

t J « 

But how inconftant is Venus /*. And how bafe. Ingra¬ 
titude ? Hippo?nenes , being drunk with Love, gave not 
due Thanks to Venus , but was forgetful of her Kind- 
nefs; The Goddefs refcnted it, and inflamed them 
with fuch flrong impatient Defires, that in their Jour¬ 
ney they dared to fatis fy their Pa(fions in a Temple; 
for which Sacrilege they were immediately punifhed, 
for they were turned into Lions. 

Laftly, let Paris and Helena come upon the Stage, 
Prtr/jwasthe Son of Priamus King of Troy , by Hecuba* 
His Mother, when (lie was big-bellied, dreamt that 


a Venit ad banc legem icmcraria turba pro comm. 

All her mad Wooers take the Terms propos’d. 
b Declinat cur/us, attrumquc 'volatile toll it. 

She, greedy of the fliining Fruits, Heps back 
To catch the rolling Gold. 

t (J 


(lie 


I 2 I 


Of the Gods of the Heathens '. 

She brought forth a burning Torch: And;, afking thep- 
racle the Interpretation of it, was anfwered, that it did 
portend the Burning of Trey , and that the .Fire, fhould 
he kindled by that Boy that fhe had in her Womb. 
Therefore, as foon as the Child was.born, by the Com¬ 
mand of' Priamusy he was expofed upon the Mountain 
Ida ; where the Shepherds brought him up privately, 
and educated him, and called him Paris. • When he 
was grown to Man’s Eftate, many excellent Endow¬ 
ments and Qualities fhinedin him; particularly, he 
gave fuch great Tokens of Angular Prudence and Equi¬ 
ty in deciding Contro'verfies, that when a great Diffe¬ 
rence arofe among the Goddeffes, they referred it to his 
Judgment to’be determined. The Goddefs *Difcordia 
was the Occafion of this Contention : For, becaufe all 
the Gods and Goddeffes, except herfelf, were invited 
to the Marriage of Peleus , fhe was angry, and refolved 
to revenge the Difgrace; therefore, when they all met 
and fat down at the Table, file came in privately, and 
threw down upon the Table an Apple of Gold on which 
was this Infcription, b Let the fairejl take it. Hereupon 
arofe : a Quarrel among the Goddeiles; for every one 
thought herfelf the handfomelh But, at lalf, all the 
others yield to the three fuperior Goddeiles : Juno, Pal- 
las , and Venus ; who difputed fo eagerly, that Jupiter 
himfelf was not able to bring them to Agreement. He 
refolved therefore to leave the final Determination of it 
to the Judgment of Paris \ fo that fhe fhould have the 
Apple to whom Paris fhould appoint it. The Goddeiles 
confent, and call for Paris , who was then feedingShecp 
upon a Mountain. They tell him their Bufinefg ; they 
every one court his Favour with great Promifcs. Juno 
pro mi fed to reward him with Po%uer ; Pallas with TVif- 
do?/r> and Venus prom i fed hi in the mojl beautiful Woman 

* 

. .W l . l >» ■> !' ■ ■» I " " **■ 1 " — ■■■ |> 


a Dion. ChryfoA. Orat. 20 Philoftrat, in Icon. 
‘chrior accipiat> vel Detur Pule hr tori* 




I 22 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

in the World. In fhort, he obferved them all very cun- 
jifafty ; but Nature guided him to pronounce Venus the 
fairc/l,. and to affign to her the Apple of Gold, Nor 
did Venus break her Promifc to Paris for in a little 
TimePtfr/j was owned to be King Priam’s Son, and 
failed into Greece with a great Fleet, under the Colour 
of an Emhafty, to fetch away Helena , the moil beautiful 
.Virgin in the World ; who was betrothed to Menelaus , 
King of Sparta , and lived in his Houfe. When he came, 
■Menelaus was abfent fiom Home; and, in his Abfence, 
Paris carried Helena to Troy. Menelaus demanded tier, 
but Paf'is refuted to fend her back; whereupon that 
fatal War between the Grecians and Trojans broke out, 
in which, Troy , the Metropolis of all Afia^ was taken 
and miferably burnt, in the Year of the World 2871. 
There were killed eight hundred fixty-eight thoufand 
of the Grecians \ among whom Achilles , their General, 
loft his Life, by the Treachery of Paris himfelf. There 
.were flain fix hundred feventy-ftx thoufand of the Tro¬ 
jans , from the Beginning of the War to the Betraying 
the City ; (for it was thought that /Eneas and Anlenor 
betrayed it) among whom Paris himfelf was killed by 
Pyrrhus or Phi loft etes ; and his Brother Hcftor, a the 
Pillar of his Country , was killed by Achilles . And when 
the City was taken and burnt. King Priamus , the Fa¬ 
ther of Paris and HeSlor , at once loft all his Children, 
Hecuba his Queen, his Kingdom and his Life. He- 
lena , after Paris was killed, married his Brother Dei- 
phobus: Yet (he, at laft, betrayed the Caftle to the Gre¬ 
cians , and admitted Menelaus into her Chamber to kill 
JJeiphobus ; whereby it is faid, fhe was reconciled to 
the Favour of Menelaus again. But thefe Things be¬ 
long rather to Hiflory than Fable, to which let us re¬ 
turn. 

» 

* 


51 V atri32 Columen* 


SECT. 


Of the Godj of the Heathens. 


I2 3 


SECT. V. Venus ’s Companions. Hyme- 
N/Eus, the Cupids, theGRACES, Adonis.* 

T HE firfl of Venzis 9 s Companions was the God 

Hymenaza. He prefided over Marriage, and was 
*he Protector of Virgins. He was the Son of Bacchus 
and Venus Urania , born in Attica, where he ufed to re- 
fcue Virgins carried away by Thieves, and reftore them 
to their Parents. He was of a very fair Complexion ; 
crowned with the Amaracus or Sweet-Marjoram, and 
fometimes with Rofes ; in one Hand he carried a 
Torch, in the other a Veil of a flame Colour, to re- 
prefent the Blufhcs of a Virgin. Maids newly married 
offered Sacrifices to him, as they did alfo to the God- 

defs Concordia. 

•• 

Cupid was the next of Venus' s Companions. He is 

called the God of Love, and u many different Parents 

» » ^ ^ 

are afcribed to him, becaufe there were many Cupids . 
Plato b fays, he was born of Penia , the Goddefs of Po¬ 
verty, ar*d Porus, the Son of Counfel and Plenty. c He - 
Jhd relates, that he was born of Chaos and Ferra . Sap¬ 
pho derives him from. Femes and Cceluzn . Akaus fays he 
was the Son of Lite and Zephyrus. Simonides attributes 
him to Mors and Venus ; and Alcznceon .to Zephyr us and 
Flora. But whatfoever Parents Cupid had, this is plain, 
he always accompanies Venus , either as a Son, or as a 
Servant ,l . 

The Poets fpeak of two Cupids. . One,’of* which is 
an ingenious Youth c , the Son of Venus and Jupiter, a 
celeftial Deity; the other, an obfeene Debauchee, the 
Son of Nox and Erebus (Hell and the Night) a vulgar 
God, whole Companions are Drunkeimefs, Sorrow, 


3 Phil off rat. in Icon. b Plato in Sympoff. r Vide 
flat. Com. Sc Lil. Gy raid. l] Cic. de Nat. Deor, c Plato 
in Phtedro. ’ 

Enmity, 




124 Of 4 he Gods of the Heathens. 

Enmity, Contention, and fuch Kind of .Plagues ; one 
of' the ft Cupids is called Eros and the other winter os. 
Both of them arcJioys, and naked', and winged, and 

blind, and armed with a Bow and Arrows and a "Torch. 

^ \ , 

* T*hey have two Darts of different Natures ; a' golden 
Dart, which procures Love, and a leaden Dart, which 
onufes Hatred. * Antcros is alfbtheGod who avenges 
flighted Love’. * ; 

• Although this be the’ youngeft of all the Gods' in 
Heaven, yet his Power is fo great, that he is efleeined 
the ftrongeft of them ; for'he fubdues them all. ' With¬ 
out his Afliftance his Mother Venus is weak, and can do 
nothing, as'{he herfelf c confefTes in Virgil . 

' P. But why is Cupid naked ? “ 

' M: He is naked becaufe the Lover has nothing of 
his own, but deprives himfelf of all that he has, for his 
Miflrefs’s Sake: he can neither cover nor conceal'any 
Thing from her; of which Sampfon is a Witriefs: For 
he discovered to his beloved Mi ft refs even the Secret 
on which his Safety did depend'; and here bis Under- 
Handing was blinded before his Eyes. , • Another fays, 
that Cupid is naked, (I becaufe Lovers delight to be fo. 

Cupid is a Boy $ becdufe he is void of Judgment: 1 
His.Chariot' is drawn by Lions^ for the Rage and Fierce- 
ti . Os . f\ t. u i* is’ greater.than' the Extravagance 

and Madnefs of violent' Love. And he is blind', be¬ 
caufe a Lover does not fee the Faults of his beloved 
Objeft, nor. con fid er in his Mind the Mifchief proceed¬ 
ing fidnrihkt PafHoiv'Hc is'winged, becaufe nothing 

-- 1 T 1 * — — -*--—;-?- 

u Pint. apud.Stbbccum. > Scholia'llin Thcocr. ' 10. 
Idyll. Paufan. in Bceot. Pint, in Sympof. 

c Nate, mcoj'wcs, vica wagna petentia. Joins . * ' 

. Thou art my Strength, O Son, and Power alone. 

Virg, 4. sEncul, 

d ehjarc 7 nAn Venus y vndi ph/gunfur amoves? 

Ntida quit us placcat , undos dhnit tat opor/et. 

Why* >; Venus naked, and the Loves are fo ? 

Thole -that like Nakcdnefs fhould naked go. 

flico 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 125 

fiics fwifterdhan Love : It is well known, that he, who 
loves To-day may hate To-morrow; the Space of one 
Day does oftentimes fee Love 2nd Averllon, in their 
Turns, reigning in the fame Per fun ; nay, Ammn % 
King David's Son, both loved and hated the fame Wo¬ 
man in. a fhorter Space of Time ; for, with the greateft 
Degree of Hatred, he turned her out of his Chamber, 
whom he juft before indeed into it, with the higheft 
Marks of Love. Laftly, the Boy is armed with Arrozvs K 9 
becaufe he ftrikes afar off*. • . 

The Graces , called a Charitcs , were three Sifters, the 
Daughters of Jupiter and Eurynsme , or Ennomia , as 
Orpheus fays ; or* as others rather, fay, the Daughters 
of Bacchus and Venus. ' The firft was called b y'Iglaia , 
from her Chearfulnefs, her Beauty, or her Worth ; be- 
.caufe Kindnefs ought to be performed freely and gene- 
roufly. The fecond, c Thalia , from her perpetual Ver¬ 
dure ; becaufe Kindnefs ought never to die, but to re¬ 
main frefli always, in the Receiver’s Memory. The 
third,-/ 1 Euphrofyne , from her (Shearfulnefs; becaufe we 
ought to be free and chearful, as'-well in doing as re¬ 
ceiving a Kindnefs. 

Thefe Sifters were painted naked (or in tranfparent 
and loofe Garments) young and merry, and all Virgins, 
.with Hands joined. One was turned from the Be¬ 
holder, as if ftie going from him; the other two 
turned their Faces, as if they were coming to him ; 
whereby we. underftand, that when one Kindnefs is 
done, .Thanks are twice due ; once, when received, 
and again when it is repaid. The Graces are naked ; 
becaufe tCindncfles ought to be done in Sincerity and 

Candour, and without Difguife. 

* ♦ * * 



, u • • 

n didltc «Vo t»k yccpj/.c-, i. e. a Gaiulio.^ 

l > ’A ybuiety id eft, fpkmlor, honcilas, vel dignitan. c * &«- 
Xiu (nam eft Muftu liomeu) id eft, viriditas Sz con- 

cinnitns* fi $)«>*« vireo. a V-^v-orid eft, L.etitia Sc 


Uibanitas. 


Vide Heliod, in Thcogon. 


They 



» % 

They are youngj becaufe the Memory of Kindnefles 

received ought never to grow old. They are Virgins 3 
becaufe Kindnefles ought to be pure, without Expe< 5 la- 
tion of Requital 3 or becaufe we ought never to give 
or receive a bafe or immodeft Kindnefs. Their Hands 
are joined ; becaufe a one good Turn requires another : 
There ought to be a perpetual Intercourfe of Kind¬ 
nefs and Afliftance among Friends. 

Adonis was the Son of Cynarus y King of Cyprus , and 
Jldyrrha . As he was very handfome, Venus took great 
Delight in him, and loved his Company. When he 
hunted, a Boar goared his Groin with his Tufks, and 
killed him. Venus bewailed his Death with much Sor-> 
row and Concern, and changed his Blood, which wa9 
fhed on the Ground, into the Flower Anemone , which 
ever fince has retained the Colour of Blood. And 
while {he ran to aflift him, being led by his dying 
Voice, fhe pricked her Foot with a Thorn, and the 
Blood which came frgm thence, fell on the Rofe, 
which before was wbit^ being hereby made red. 

Some add another'pleafant Conceit. They fay, that 
when Venus and Proferpina contended before Jupiter , 
which fhould have Adonis , Jupiter referred them to Cal - 
Hope, whom he appointed to be Judge of their Quarrel. 
Calliope gave this Sentence, that Adonis fhould ferve 
Venus every Year fix Months, and wait upon Proferpinti 
the other fix. The Meaning of which Fable is this : 
Venus is the Earth, and her Adonis is the Sun. She 
reigns with him fix Months, attired with beauteous 
Flowers, and inriched with Fruit and Corn ; the other 
fix Months the Sun leaves us, and goes, as it were, to 
live with Proferpina . 

Lafily, from Adonis comes the Proverb, b Adonis'* 
Gardcnsy bv which are fignified all thofe Things that 
are fine and gay, but ufelefs and trifling. 


a xAp"’ 'ok Jm, 
u Adonidis Horii, 



i. e. Gratia grntiam parit, in A dag. 
in A dag. 


SECT. 



ft 

Of the Go As of the Heathens. 12 7 

SECT VI. "The Explanation of the Fable , 

Venus’; Amorcufnefs . 

^ |" s HE. Graces, Cupid , and Adonis are Ventifs Com- 
X panions, whereby is defcribed that ungovern¬ 
able Appetite and Inclination, which is in Men to¬ 
wards obfcene Pleasures. 

1. She is called the Goddcfs of Beauty a?id Comelinefs\ 
becaufe Beauty is the greateH Fomenter of impure De~ 
lires. She, fitting on a frail corporeal Throne, fubdues 
the Soul. She, by her Flattery and Enticement, Heals 
into the Affedtions, and drives Virtue from thence, and 
bafely infiaves the whole Man. The Cytbercans wor- 
fhipped Venus armed. Beauty needs no Weapons : 
She who pofTefles that is fufficiemly armed. Anacreon 
ingeniously tells us, that Nature gave Women Beauty, 
that they might ufe it inftead of Spears and Shields, and 
conquer with greater Speed and Force, than either Iron 
or Fire can. Helena, Pbryne 3 and innumerable others, 
are WitnefTes of this Truth. One Lady, when fhe was 
bound to the Stake to be Honed, with the Lightning of 
her Eyes difarmed her Executioners : Another, when 
her Crime was proved, and tho’ fhe had often offend¬ 
ed before, when fhe tore her Garments, and opened 
her Bread*, Hopped the Judged Mouth ; and, when her 
Beauty pleaded her Caufe, every body acquitted her. 

2. Beauteous Venus rides in a Chariot, as it were, to 
triumph over her fubdued Enemies, whom Love, rather 
than Force, has conquered. She has her Ambufhes, 
but they are compofed of Pleafure and Enjoyment: 
She fkirmifhes with Delights, and not with Fire and 
Bullets. The Wounds fhe gives are bloodlefs and 
gentle ; She ufes no other Flames than what fhe kin¬ 
dles with her Eyes, and draws the Arrows which flic 
fhoots from no other Quiver. And if flu; fights thus, 
it is no Wonder if flic makes the Enemy fly to her, 
rather than from her. 


3. Site 



128 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

3. She wears a Crown ; becaufe toe is always victo¬ 
rious. Beauty never wants Succefs ; becaufe toe fights 
at Leifure, conquers in Time of Peace, and triumphs 
with her Eyes. Thunder is contained even in her Si¬ 
lence, and Lightning in her Look. She feizes theBreaft, 
ftorms the Mind, and takes it captive with one Aftault* 
nay, with one Look. Beauty (peaks without a Voice, 
forces us without Violence, ties us down withoutFetters, 
and charms us without Witchcraft; and in her to fee is 
to overcome, and to be feen is to triumph. Augujlus 
refufed to fee her in Cleopatra , left himfelf toould be 
taken, and the Conqueror of the World fubmit to a 
Woman : When therefore toe pleaded, and made her 
Defence, he opened his Ears, but tout his Eyes. 

4. She carries a Looking-glafs, that the Brittlene/s 
of the Glafs may remind her of the Frailty of her Beau¬ 
ty. She is crowned with flowery Garlands; becaufe 
nothing is more fading than Beauty, which, like a 
Flower is blaftod by the leaft Breath, and broken by 
the leaft Accident, and dies in the (horteft Moment, 

5. She is born from the Sea ; becaufe as many Storms 
and Tempefts afHidt the Lover, as difturb the Sea: 
Nothing but Bitternefs is his Portion; fo that we may 
fay, that a to love is to fwallow a bitter Potion, This is 
certainly true, that the Bitternefs of the Sea is Tweet, if 
compared with the Bitternefs of Love. But fuppofe 
Love had Sweetnefs, yet, like the Sea, from whence 
Venus fprang, it is full of tempeftuous Defires, and ftor- 
my Disappointments. How many VelTels have been 
toipwreck’d there ? How many Goods loft? What De- 
ftruftion, not only of Men’s Eftates, but of their Un- 
derftandings alfo, have happened there ? Inftanecs of 
which, every body, who is not blind, has obferved* 

6. Confider the Adulteries, Rapes, and Incefts of 
which Venus is accufcd, and you will find which Way 
her Beauty tends. See the Precipices into which that 
Ignisfatuusy in her Eyes, betrays its Admirers, Though 

a Amaru eife arnatori amarum. 

* 

her 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 129 

her Face appears pure and cool as the Ice, it creates a 
Paflion both impure and hot as Fire. From that Stream 
of fparkling Fire which comes from her Eyes, Clouds 
of dark and hellifh Impurity, and black Mifts of Lull* 
proceed; Thus, by a ftrange Contradiction, many are 
blinded by others Eyes, and find Tumults raifed in 
their Breads from the calm Serenity of 9thers Looks 5 
grow pale at the Rednefs in their Cheeks; lofe their own 
Beauty in admiring the Beauty of others, and grow 
immodeft by loving Modefty. 

P. How far, I prithee, will the Fervour and the 
flowing Tide of your Wit and Fancy carry you ? The 
Beauty of this Goddefs, I fee, has raifed your Admira¬ 
tion. 

M. It has rather moved my Indignation: But, how¬ 
ever you do well in flopping me. She hath detained 
us longer than I expected, though not without Rea- 
fon ; becaufe fhe is one of the greateft of all the God- 
defies. The reft are lefs illuftrious, and will by no 
Means detain us fo long. 

4 


CHAP- XIII. 

Latona. 

T AT01$ whom you fee (landing next to Venus a , 
'*- J ' was the Daughter of Phoebe and Cans the Titan . So 
great was her Beauty that 'Jupiter fell in Love with her, 
and deflowered her: When "Juno perceived that (lie was 
big with Child by him, (lie caft her out of Heaven to 
the Earth, and obliged Terra by an Oath, not to give 
her any where an Habitation to bring forth in : And 
befides, b flie fet the Serpent Python upon her, topeife- 
cuteher all over the World. Jimo^ however, was dif- 


1 

a A poll odor. 1 . 1. Ovid. 6. Metam. 

K 


* Orpli. in Hymn. 

appointed 


130 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 

appointed in every Thing •, for the Ifiand Delos■ re$ 
ceived Latona , where, under a Palm, or an Olive-tree, 
(he brought forth Diana 5 -who, as foon as (he was 
born, performed the Office of Midwife to her Mother, 
and took Care of her Brother Apollo as foon as he was 
born. 

P. But if "Terra fwore that fire would allow no Place 
to Latona , how could (lie bring forth in Delos„ 

M. Very well; a for they fay. That that Ifiand for¬ 
merly floated in the Sea, and at that Time was hid un¬ 
der the Waters when Terra took her Oath, but emerged 
afterwards by the Order of Neptune , and became fixed 
and immoveable for Latona’s Ufe ; from which Time 
it was called b Delos y becaufe it was now vifible, like 
other Places, 

P. But why did the Ifiand Delos emerge for Latona 7 s 
Ufe ? 

M. That is not ftrange : For this Ifiand was Sifter 
to Latona . Some fay, that her Name was formerly 
Ajieria , whom "Jupiter loved and courted, but (he was 
converted into an Ifiand : But others report, that file 
was c converted into a 'uail , and flew into this Ifiand, 
which was therefore, among other Names, called ,f 
Ortygia . Niobe’s Pride, and the Barbarity of the 
Countrymen of Lycia , increafe the Fame of this God- 
defs. 

Niobe was the Daughter of Tantalus , and the Wife 
of / Imphion , King of Thebes . c She was fo inriched with 
all the Gifts of Nature and Fortune, and her Happinefs 
was fo great, that (he could not bear it; wherefore, 
puffed up with Pride, and full of Self-conceit, fire began 
to defpife Latona , and to efteem herfelf greater than 
her, faying, Is any Happinefs to be compared to mine , 


;l Lucian, in Dial. laid is &Ncptuni. Lv Av?.o id 

eonfpicua & manifella, c Ovid. 15. Met. J ’Avro t« 
0,-ti r/'ju a coturnice. c Ovid. 6. Metam. 


u zvbo 



Of the Gods of the Heathmi I g f 

3 fiho a?n but of the Reach of Fortune ? fie may rob me 
of ?nuch Wealth , but fie cannot injure me, fmce fie mujl 
leave me, fill very rich - Does any one's Wealth exceed 
mine ? Is any one's Beauty like /nine ? Have I not /even 
mojl beautiful Daughters ? And as many ingenious and 
bandfo? 7 ie Sons ? And have 1 not therefore Reafo/j to be 
proud? In this Manner did fhe hoafl of her Happiftefs, 
and defpife others in Comparifon of herfelf; but her 
mad Pride, in a fhort Time, deprived her of all that 
Happinefs which fhe had pofleiTed, and reduced her 
from the Height of good Fortune to the loweft Degree 
of Mifery : For when Latona faw herfelf defpifed, and 
her Sacrifices difturbed by Niobc , fhe appointed Apollo 
and Diana to pUnifh the Injury that was offered to 
their Mother. Immediately they two go, with their 
Quivers well filled with Arrows, to Niobe' s Houfe; 
where firft they kill the Sons, then the Daughters, and 
next the Father, in the Sight of Diobe 0 who by that 
Means b was ftupified with Grief, till at length fhe was 
d . -— - ... ■■■ ■ ■> - - ■ - - , 

a Major fum qtiarn cut pojjit forint:a noccre ; 

Multaque ut eripiat, jnulto mi hi plura relinquet ; 

In quamcumque domus advert: lumina partem , 
hmnenja fpe&antur opes . Accedat eodetn 
Dig?:a Dea facies . Huic natas adjicefeptem , 

Et tot idem juvenes : & mox generofque , tturujque .* 

Queer it e nunc hah eat quam noftra fuperbia c a it Jam ? 

My State’s too great for Fortune to bereave ; 

Tho’ much file lavifii, file much more mull leave. 
Throughout my Court behold in cv’ry Place 
Infinite Riches ! Add to this a Face 
Worthy a Goddefs: Then, to crown my Joys, 

Seven beauteous Daughters, and as many Boys*. 

All thefe by Marriage to be multiply’d. 

Behold, have we not Rcafon for our Pride ? 

b -- Orha refedit 

Exanimcs inter natos, natafque , vir unique, 

Diriguitquc malts. .1 Jem. ibid. 

She by her Hufband, Sons and Daughters fits 
A Childlcfs Widow, waxing iliff with Woe*. 

K 2 


turned 


132 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

% turned into Marble, which, becaufe of this Misfortune, 
flieds many Tears to this Day. 

The Rufticks of the Country Lycia , in Afia , did alfb 
experience the Anger of Latona with their Ruin; for, 
when fhe wandered in the Fields very big with Twins-, 
the Heat of the Weather, and the Toil of her Journey, 
brought fuch a Drought upon her, that fhe almoft faint¬ 
ed for Thirft. At laft difcovering a Spring in the Bot¬ 
tom of the Valley, fhe ran to it with great Joy, and 
fell on her a Knees to drink the cool Waters \ but the 
neighbouring Clowns hindered her, and bid her depart* 
She earneftly begged Leave, and they as furlily denied 
it: fhe did not defire, b fhe faid, to muddy the Streams 
by wafhing herfelf in them, but only to quench her 

Thirft, 

a - gelidos potura liquorcs. 

To quench her Thirft with the refirefliing Stream, 

Quid prohibetis aquas ? ufus commwiis aquarum cjl 
Quas iamen ut detis, fnpplex peto. Non ego ?zoJlros 
Ablucre hie art us, lafataque ?ne?jibra parabatn : 

Sed rclevarc Jitim % Caret os bumore loquetitis, 

Et fauces arent , vixque eft via vocis in ill is. 

Hau/lus aqiuc mihi Nedar erit , vita?nquefatebor- 

AccepiJJ'e -— - - — . 

Qucm non blanda poluiffent verba movere ? 

Hi tamen orantem p erf ant probibere ; ?ninafque t 
Ni procul abfeedat , conviciaque tnfuper addunt. 

Nec fatis cf ; ipfos ctiam pedibufque manaquQ 
ST urbavere lacus , imoque e gurgite mollem 
Hue illuc limum faliu movers maligna. 

- -— Why hinder you, faid flic. 

The XJfe of Water that to all is free ? 

The Sun, Air, Water, Nature did not fram« 

Peculiar ; a public Gift I claim ; 

Yet humbly 1 intreat it, not to drench 
My weary Limbs, but killing Thirft to quench# 

My Tongue wants Moillurc, and my Jaws are dry ; 
Scarce is there Way for Speech. For Drink I die. 
Water to me were Ne« 5 lar. If l live, 

Tis by your Favour, 


With 





















































Of the Odds of the Heathens . 13 3 

Tbirft, now fhe was alrnoft choaked with Droughts 
They regarded not her Intreaties, but, with many 
Threats, endeavoured to drive her away ; and, left /he 
fhould drink, they leaped into the Water and muddied 
the Stream. This great Inhumanity moved the Indig¬ 
nation of Latona , who, not able to bear fuch barbarous 
Treatment, curfed them, and faid to-them, a May ye 
always live in this Water, Immediately they were turn¬ 
ed into Frogs, and leaped into the muddy Waters^ 
where they ever after lived* 

With whom would not fuch gentle Words prevail f 
But they, perilling to prohibit, rail ; 

The Place with Threats command her to forfake ; 
Then, with their Hands and Feet, difturb the Lake, 
And, leaping with malicious Motions, move 
The troubled Mud ; which, riling, floats above* 

3 JEterniunJlagno^ dixit, vivatis in ijio: 

Evelina it op tat a Deo?, 

Still, faid fhe, may ye in this Water dwell, 

. And, as the Goddefs wifh’d, it happ’d. 


, CHAP. XIV. 

Aurora. 

* 

M-WTIrLO d° yo u think that ftately b Goddefs is, 

VV that is drawn in a Chariot of Gold, by white 

Horfes ? 

P. Is it not Aurora, the Daughter of Terra and Titan, 
the Sifter of the Sun and the Moon, and the Mother of 
the Stars and the Winds? I fancy foj becaufe her 
Countenance fhines like Gold, and her Fingers arc' 
red like Rofes, and c Homer deferibes Aurora alter that 

Manner. 


% 

h Virg. 6. Ameid. Theocr. in Hyla. Apollon. I. i. 
c Hymn, in Vcncr. _ , , r 

K % You .t 


1 3 4 Q/* tk e Gods of the Heathens . 

Your Gbfervmion is very right; it is, as you fay, 
Aurora , whom the a Gr*s£; call by another Name ; you 
have named her Patents right; yet b Tome fay, that {lie 
was the Daughter of Hyperion and Una , or elfe 
from whom the Poets alfo called her Pallantias . 

P. Does Hiftory relate nothing done by her ? 

Yes, c file by Force carried too beautiful yoking 
Men, Cephalus and Tithonus 9 into Heaven. 

Qcphalus married Procris , the Daughter of the King 
of Athens . When Aurora could by no Perfuafion move 
him to violate his Marriage-Vow, (he carried him into 
Heaven ; but even there (he could not fbake his Gon- 
ilancy : Therefore {he fent him again to his Wife Pro~ 
iris^ difguifed in the Habit of a Merchant ; who, being 
defirous to try her Fidelity to her abfent Hufband, temp¬ 
ted her, with much Courtfiiip and many Prefents, to yield 
to his Defires ; and, when (he almofl contented, he caft 
off his Difguife, and chid his Wife for her Inconfiancy. 
She was greatly afhamed, and hid herfelt in the Woods; 
but afterwards was reconciled to hei Hufband, and gave 
him an Arrow, which never miffed the Mark, which fhe 
had received from ftdinoe* When Cephalus had this Ar¬ 
row, he fpent his whole'Time in hunting and purfuing 
wild Beafts. d Proc; is, fufpe£ting that her Hufband 
loved fome Nymphs, went before, and Jay in a Bulb, 
to difeover the Truth ; but when fhe moved carelefly 
in the Bufh, her Hufband heard the Ruftling, and, 
thinking that fome wild Beaft was there, drew his Bow, 
and fliot his Wife with his unerring Arrow. 

Pith onus was the fon of Lao me d on ^ and Brother of 
Priarnus: c Aurora , for his Angular Beauty, carried 


a Grace dicitur’Ha)c & undeEous & Heous: Lati- 

• 1 k| 4 

nis nominatur Aurora , quau Attrea . Eflenim, ut inquit Or* 
pheus in Ilymnis, 'AyyiXia. ©aw TjtS^os, id eft, Solis Nun- 
cia. b Hcfiod. in Theogon. c Ovid, y. Metam, Pau- 
fan. in Lacon. <l Ovid. Metam. 7. ; c Horatius, 1 . 2. 

Carm. , 

him 


3 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 135 

him up to Heaven, and married him 5 and, inftead of a 
Portion, obtained from the Fates Immortality for him ; 
She had Memnon by him ; but fhe forgot to afk the 
Fates to grant him-perpetual Youth, fo that he became 
fo old and decrepid, that, like an Infant, he was rocked 
to Sleep in a Cradle. Hereupon he grew weary of Life, 
andjwifiiingforDeath, afked Aurora to grant him Power 
to die. She faid, that it was not in her Power to grant 
it; but that fhe would do what fhe could ; ;i and there¬ 
fore turned her Hulband into a Grafhopper, which, they 
fay, moults when it is old, and grows young again. 

P. And what became of Memnon? 

M. Memnon , their Son, went to Tr oy, to aflift King 
Priam , where, in a Duel with Achilles , he was killed ; 
*and, in the Place where he fell, a Fountain arofe,which 
every Year, on the fame Day on which he died, fends 
forth Blood inftead of Water. But, as his Body Jay 
upon the Funeral Pile to be burnt, it was changed into 
a Bird by his Mother Aurora's Inrerceflion ; and ma¬ 
ny other Birds of the fame Kind flew out of the Pile 
with him, which, from his Name, were called Aves 
Memnoniee: Thefedividingthemfelves into two Troops, 
and, furioufly fighting with their Beaks and Claws, 
with their own Blood, appeafed the Ghoftof Mcmno 7 i > 
from whom they fprung. 

There was a Statue of this Memnon , made of black 
Marble, and fet up in the Temple of Scrapis at Thebes^ 
in Egypt , of which c they relate an incredible Story : 
For it is faid, that the Mouth of this Statue, when firft: 
touched by the Rays of the rifing Sun, fent forth a 
fweet and harmonious Sound, as though it rejoiced 
when its Mother Aurora came, but, at the Setting of 
the Sun, it fent forth a low melancholy Tone, as 
though it lamented its Mother’s Departure, 


a Ovid. Metam. I. 9. h Ovid 13. Mctam, 
* Lucian, in PhUofopli. Tames Chib 6, 

Iv 4 


And 



136 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

And thus I have told you, Palaophilus , all Things, 
which I thought ufeful, concerning the Celeftial Gods 
and GoddelTes. 

P. How much am I indebted to you for this, my 
moft kind Friend ? But what now ? Are you going 
away ? Will you not keep your Word ! Did you not 
promife to explain all the linages in the fabulous Pan - 

tbcon ? 

Never trouble yourfelf; what I undertake I 
will furely perform. But would you have us ftay here 
all Day without our Dinner ? Let us dine, and we will 
foon return again to our Bufinefs, Come, you lhall 
dine with me in my Houfe. 

P . Excufe me. Sir ; I will not give you that Trouble, 
I had rather dine at my own Inn. 

M. What do you talk of Trouble ? I know no Per- 
fon, whofe Company is more obliging and grateful; 
Let us go I fay: You are not your own Matter To-» 
day. Obey then. 

Po I do fo $—1 wait upon you* 



PART 






































PART II. 


CHAP. I. 

Of the Terreffcrial Deities. 

SECT. I. Saturn, his Image , Family, and 

Actions. 

4 

O W certainly, fince we have dined fa 
well, you will fpeak, and I (hall mind 
better* Come on ; Whereabouts will 
you have me look ? 

M. Look upon the Wall on the 
Right-hand ; becaufe it will be ill 
Luck to begin from the Left : Upon that Wall, 
which is the fecond Part of the Pantheon , as well as 
of our Difcourfe, you fee the Terrejhial Deities divided 
into two Sorts ; for fome of them inhabit both the Ci¬ 
ties and the Fields indifferently, and are called in ge¬ 
neral a the 'Terrejirtal Gods: But the others live only in 
the Countries and the Woods, and arc properly cal- 

4 4 

? Pii Terreilrcs urbes & caxnpos promifeue incolunt. 

led 




1 38 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

led a the Gods of the Woods. We will begin with the 
firft. 

Ofthe Tcrrjlrial Gods (which are fo called, becaufe 
their Habitation is in the Earth) the moft celebrated 
a re Saturn, 'Janus , Vulcan , JEolus , and Momus. The 
* Terrejlrial Goddejfes are Vejla 9 Cybele , Ceres , the Mufes, 
and Themis • they are equal in Number to the Cele¬ 
stial Gods and God defies. We will begin with the 
eldeft, Saturn , whole Image you fee there. 

P . Is that decrepid, wrinkled, old Man b Saturn , 
with a long Beard, a hoary Head ? His Shoulders are 
bowed like an Arch, and his Jaws are hollow and 
thin ; his Eyes are full of Corruption, and his Cheeks 
funk, his Nofe flat, his Forehead full of Furrows, his 
Chin turning up, his Lips black and blue, his little 
Ears flagging, and his Hands crooked ; c his right 
Hand holds a rufly Scythe, and his left Hand a Child, 
which he is about to devour. 

M. It is indeed Saturn , the Son of Terra (or Vejla) 
and Caelum , d Ccelus , or Ccelius , e who was the Son of 
Mthcr and Dies, and the ancienteft of all the Gods. 
This Caelum (according to the Story) married his own 
Daughter Vejla , and begat many Children of her, the 
moft eminent of which was Saturn, whofe Brothers 
were the Cyclops , Oceanus, Titan, f the hundred-handed 
Giants, and divers others; his Sifters were Ceres, Teihys , 
and Ops, or Rhea (whom he afterwards married.) The 
Sifters perfuaded their Mother Vejla to exclude Titan 
or Titanus,.Xhe eldeft Son, and to appoint Saturn Heir 
of his Father’s Kingdom. When Titan faw the fixed 

O 

Refolution of his Mother and Sifters, he would not 


- - [-- 1 - -r —1 ------ r 1 -r • “ i n 1 r ~~ - - -... 

^ * . . * 

4 

n Dii autem fylveftres rure tan turn & in fylvis degunt. 
h Virg. 7. JEneid. c Martian, apud Lilium Gyrald. 
Gnece dicitur veuves. v Nonn. lib. 21. Diopyf. Ladl. 
Placid, in Thcbaid. 1 . 6, f Centimani. 


ftrivc 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 139 

gtrive againft the Stream, but voluntarily quitted his 
Right,- and transferred it upon Saturn , under Condi¬ 
tion, that he ffaould not bring up any Male Children, 
that fo, after Saturn s Death, the Kingdom might re¬ 
turn to the Children of Titan . 

jP. Did Saturn accept that Condition? 

M . He not only accepted, but fincerely kept it, 
whilft he could; but at laft his Deflgn was prevented: 
For when his Wife Ops perceived that her Hufband de¬ 
voured all her Male Children, when fhe brought forth 
the Twins, Jupiter and Juno , (he fent only Juno to 
him, but lent Jupiter to be nurfed in Mount ida^ by 
the PrieftefTes of Cybele , who were called Curetes , or 
Corybantes. It was their Cuftom to beat Drums and 
Cymbals, while the Sacrifices were offered up, and the 
Noife of them hindered Saturn from hearing the Cries 
of Jupiter . By the fame Trick fhe alfo faved Neptune 
and Pluto from her devouring Hufband. 

P. Was this Artifice ever difeovered to Saturn ? 

% 

Yes; and he demanded the Boy of Ops ; but 
Ops wrapped up a Stone in Swaddling-deaths, and deli¬ 
vered that to her Hufband, to be devoured inftead of 
Jupiter , and Saturn fwallowed it down in a Moment 
P. What did Titan do, when he faw himfelf cheated, 
and the Agreement broken ? 

.. _ O 

M\ To revenge the Injury done to him, he raifed 
Forces, and brought them againft Saturn , and, making 
both him and Rhea Prifoiiers, be bound them, and fliut 
them up together in a Hell, where they lay, till Jupiter f 
a few Years after, overcame the Titans , and fet his Fa- 

* * 1 ^ _ w 

ther and Mother again at Liberty, 

P. I fuppofe tha tSaturn remembered this Kindncfe, 
and favoured Jupiter afterwards. 

M, On the contrary, He ft rove to take away his 
lafc, b becaufe he heard by an Oracle, that he fhould 

4 

4 i 

f'< " ' •" 7 /"'■ - - lr ’ rr '-' ” ’ .r.'Ti Jir "l 

4 

a In Tartaro. u Enn* in Euemero. 

be 


1 




Of the Gods of the Heathen f. 


be driven out of his Kingdom by a Son, as in Reality 
be was afterwards : For "Jupiter depofed him from the 
T'hrone, and expelled him from the Kingdom, be¬ 
caufe he had confpired to take away his Life. a Befides 
this, when he found Saturn almoft drunk with Mead, 
he bound him and gelt him, as Saturn had gelt his 
Father Cesium before with his Sickle* 

P. And whither did Saturn go after he had loft his 
Kingdom ? 

M. Into Italy , b which was anciently called Satur - 
tiia from him. He lived there with King Janus ; and 
that Part of Italy ^ in which he lay hid, was afterwards 
called Latium , and the People Latini , as c Ovid ob¬ 
serves. King Jarms made Saturn Partner of his King¬ 
dom ; upon which d Saturn reduced the wild People (who 
wandered up and down before like Beafts) to civil Soci¬ 
ety, and joined them to each other, as it were, in Chains 
oj Brafsy that is, by the Brafs-Money which he invented ; 
and therefore, on one Side of the Money was ftamped 
a Ship', c becaufe Saturn came thither in a Ship ; and, 
on the other Side, was ftamped a Janus Bifrons. But, 
although the Money was Brafs , f yet this was the Gol¬ 
den Age, in which Saturn lived, when (as s the Poets, 
who magnify the Happinefs of that Age, would per- 
fuade us) the Earth, without the Labour of ploughing 


a Statius 8 Thebald. Claud, i. de Raptu Proferpinas* 
b Virg. Ain. i. Cyprian, de Idolorum Vanitate. • 
c Inde din Genti manjit Saturnia nomen .* 

Didia fait Latium terra , latcnte Deo . Fall. 1, I* 

The Name Saturnia thence this Land did bear. 

And Latium too, becaufe he fheltcr’d here. 

* Diodor. 1 . 5. Biblioth. 

* At bona pojler it as puppitji Jifriia<vit in arc, 

■; . Hof pit is advent iwi t if if cat a Dei . . Ovid. Fa ft. 1 . 3, 
A Ship by tV following Age was ftamp’d on Coin, 
To fhevv. they., once ja..God.did entertain.,. 


f Virg. I. Georg. e Vide Tibull. Hefiod. Phcrecrat* 
Trog. up. Juftin. 1. 41. Martial. U 12, Epigr. 73. 

and 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 14 j 

and fowing brought forth its Fruits, and all Things 
were common to all ; there were no Differences nor 
Contentions amongfl: any, for every Thing happened 
according to every body’s Mind. a Virgil hath given 
an elegant Description of this happy Age in the 8th 
Book of his tEneids . b Ovid likewife describes it; and 
* Virgil again in another Place. 


* Primus ab tethereo venit Satunms Olympo, 

Anna Jo vis fitgiens % & regnis exttl attempt is .. 

Is genus indocile ac difpcrjum moutibus ah is 
Compojidty legcj'quc dedit . Latiiwiquc voccu’i 
Maluity his quoniam latuijjit tutus in oris : 

AureaquCy ut perhibent , illo fub rege Jiicre 
Stt’ctda , Jic placida p> op id os in pace regebat. 

Then Saturn came, who fled the Pow’rs of Jove? 
Robb’d of his Realms and banifh’d from above : 

The Men difpers’d on Hills to Town he brought. 

The Laws ordain’d, and civil Cufloms taught. 

And Latiutn call’d the Land, where fafe he lay 
From his undutcous Son, and his ufurping Sway; 
With his wild Empire Peace and Plenty came; 

And hence the Golden Himes deriv’d their Name. 

^ Signabat nullo limiteJ'oJjbr humutn . Amor. /. 

The Delver made nor Pound, no Balk. 

*■ Nec Jignarc quidem aut partin’ limite campum 

F user at. # Georg . /. S, 

No Fences, parted Fields, no Marks, nor Bounds 
Diftinguiih’tl Acres of litigious Ground 


SEC T. II. Names of Saturn - . 

M ANY derive the Name Satnnius (or Sal minus T 

as they anciently pronounced it) 11 from Sowings 
becauie he fit It caught the Art of Solving and Pilling the 
Ground in Italy; and therefore he was efteemed the God 



;t Saturn us did!us 
h Neptu Neptunus. 
3. Satumal. 


ell a Sntuy ft cut a Portu Port tin us. Sc 
Fell us, Servius in 7. /Ilneid, Lipf. 


142 Qf tf° e Gods of the Heathen*. 

of Hujbandry , and called by the Romans Stercutius , be¬ 
caufe he firft fattened the Earth with Dung : He is 
theiefore painted with a Sickle with which the Mea¬ 
dows are mowed, and the Corn is cut down. This 
Sickle was thrown into Sicily , and there fell within a 
City, which was formerly called Trepanum , and fince 
Trepano from a thence: Though others affirm, that this 
City had its Name b from that Sickle which Ceres had 
from Vulcan , and gave th zTitans when {he taught them 
to mow. But others fay, the Town had its Name, be¬ 
caufe it was crooked and hollow, like a Sickle. Indeed 
Sicily is fo fruitful in Corn and Pafture, that the Poets 
juffiy imagined that the Sickle was kept there. 

2. Again, Saturnus is derived from that c Fulnefs 
which is the Effect of his Bounty when he fills the 
Bellies of the People with Provifions ; as his Wife was 
called Ops , ri becaufe {he helps the Hungry . Others af¬ 
firm, that he is called Satwm^ c becaufe he is fatisfied 
with the Tears that he devours ; for Saturn and Time 
are the fame. 

3. Laftly, others think that this Name is given him, 
becaufe he is *' the Former of the Mind ; becaufe he cre¬ 
ates Senfe and Underftanding in the Minds of Men^ 
and perfe£ts them with Precepts and Prudence. 


a Falx, enim Graxe dicitur A^Vayoy, Apollod. 1 . 4, 
Argon. 

b Ovid. Faftorum. 

c A Saturando, cjuafi fhturet populos annona. 
a Qudd Efurientibus opcm ferat. 

c Quod ipfe faturetur annis quos ipfe devorat. Cicer® 
2. de Mat. JDeorum. 

f Saturnus quafi fa tor vy, id cfl, qui men tem, fenfumque 
creat. ApoUophan. apud Fulgentiiun. 


SECT. 


143 


* - ♦ " . m 

Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

SECT. III. 'The Sacrifices and Fejtwals, 

Saturnalia. 

M E N only were facrifked to Saturn , becaufe he 

was delighted, as they thought, with human 
Blood 5 wherefore the Gladiators were placed under 
his Protection, and fought at his Feafts. a The Ro~ 
mans efteemed him an infernal God, as Plutarch fays, 
becaufe the Planet Saturn is malignant and hurtful 5 
yet he is commonly reckoned a Terreftrial God. Thole 
who facrificed to him had their Heads bare, and his 
Priefts wore fcarlet Garments. On his Altar were 
placed wax Tapers lighted, becaufe by Saturn Men 
were reduced from the Darknefs of Error to the Light 
of Truth* 

The Feafts b Saturnalia , in the Greek Language 
Kefrxy [Crania] were inftituted either by Pullets^ King 
of the Romans , or, if we believe Livy , by Sempronius 
and Minutius , the Confuls. c Till the Time of 'Julius 
Ctefar they were finifhed in one Day, on the Nineteenth 
of December ; but then they began to be celebrated in 
three Days, and afterwards in four or five, by the Order 
of Caligula : And fome write, that they have lafied feven 
Days ; and from hence they called thefe Days' 1 the fir ft, 
the fecond, and the third Feftivals of Sat urn * &c. And 
when thefe Days were added to the Feaft, the firft Day 
of celebrating it was 1 lie Seventeenth cA December. 

Upon c thefe Feftival Days, 1. The Senate did no 4 
fit. 2. The Schools kept Holy-day. 3. Prefents were 
fent to and fro arnonglt Friends. 4. It was unlawful to 


a Macrob. 1. Saturnal.c. 10. Tertull. deTelHmon. An ini* 
&dePallio. b Dion. Halicarn. 1 , z. c Lipf, Sat. 1. Dio. 
1 . $9 & 60. Suet, in Cal fir. Ciceto ad Attic. 1 3. Enid. 50. 
* Prima, fccuntla tertia. Saturnalia. c Martial. 7. Kpigr.27. 
Pliu. 8, lip.7. Mart, pafiun Dlo. 1 . 58. Athen. 14. Sea. Ej>. 

proclaim 



*44 Of the Gods' of the Heathens'. 

proclaim War, or execute any Offenders. 5. Servants 
were allowed to be jocofe and merry towards their 
Matters$ as we learn from n Aufontus . 6. Nay, the 

Matters waited on the Servants, who fat at Table, in 
Memory of that Liberty which all enjoyed in ancient 
Times in Saturn* s Reign, when there was no Servi¬ 
tude. 7. Contrary to the Cuftom, b they wafhed them, 
as foon as they arofe, as if they were about fitting 
down to Table. 8. And laftly, c they put on a certain 
Feftival Garment, called Synthefis , like a Cloak of Pur¬ 
ple or Scarlet Colour, and this Gentlemen only wore. 

—■ ■ — '»■■■ — ■ — — —————— — - —— .. 

* Aurea nunc re'Vocet Saturni Fcfla December j 

Nunc tibi cum Do?nino ludere , wenta, licet . Eel. de Men* 

December now brings Saturn's merry Feafts, 

When Matters bear their fportive Servants Jetts. 
b Tertul. apud Lipf. c Petron. Arbiter. 

SECT. IV. Xhe Hijlorical Senfe of the Fable . 

By Saturn is m:cint Noah. 

A Lthough it is generally faid, that * Saturn was Nim- 
JljL m/,the Founder of the Empire of Babylon^ yeti am 
more inclined to believe the Opinion of b Bochartus r 
who maintains that Saturn and Noah were the fame. 
Thefe Reafons, which he brings, feems perfuafive. 

1, In the Time of Noah c the whole Earth fpake one 
Language ; and the ancient Mythologies fay, that the 
Beatts underttood this Language. And it is faid, <l that 
in Sat tints Age there was but one Language , which 
was common to Men and Brutes. 

a. Noah is called, in the Hebrew Language, c a Man 
of the Earthy that is, an Hnfbandman , accoiding to the 
{dual Phrafe of Scripture, which calls a Soldier ( a Man 
of TVar ; a ftrong Man, £ a Man of the Arms ; a Mur- 

n Bcrofus, 1 . 3. h Bochart. in fuo Phnlcg. 1 . 1. c. 1. 
3. Generis. xi, c Plato in Politicis ,l Virtcrnc, Generis 
ik, 2Q, G Jofli. v. .j, 1 Job. xxii, 8. & Vir Brachiorum. 

dcrer. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

dfcrer, a a Man of Blood ; an Orator, b a Man of Words ; 
and a Shepherd, c a Man of Cattle. Now Saturn is 
jnffiy called a Man of the Earth, becaufe he married 
Tellus, whofe other Names were Rhea and Ops. 

3. As Noah was the hr ft Planter of Vineyard fo the 
d Art of cultivating Vines and Fields is attributed to 
Saturn’s Invention. 

4. A 3 Noah was once overcome with Wine, becaufe 
perhaps he never experienced the Strength of it before $ 
c fo the «$ aturnalians did frequently drink excellively* 
becaufe Saturn protected drunken Men. 

5. As Noah curfed his Son Mam, becaufe he faw 
his Father’s Nakednefs with Delight ; f Saturn made 
a Law, that whofoever faw the Gods naked ftiould be 

punifhed. 

6. Plato fays s that Saturn and his Wife Rhea, and 
tbofe with than , were horn of Oceanus and The f is : 
And thus Noah , and all that were with him, were as 
it were new born out of the Waters of the Deluge by 
the Help of the Ark. And if a Ship was ftamped 
upon the ancient Coins, h becaufe Saturn came into 
Italy in a Ship ; furely this Honour belonged rather to 
Noah 9 who in a Ship preferved the Race of Mankind 
from utter DeftrudHon. 

7. Did Noah foretel the Coming of the Flood? So 
did Saturn foretel 1 that there fhould he great Shian- 




a 2 Sam. xvi. 17. b Exod. y. c Gen. xlvi 32. d Au- 
rel. Viftor. de Origine Gentis Romanic. c Macrob. Satur- 
nal. 1. c. 6. Lucian, in Ep. Sat. f Callimachus in Hymn. 
E Kf.ovoq 0 ar>>\ fj.reu. toutwi* &c. id elf, Saturn us So 

Rhea & qul cum illis fuereex Occano & Thetidc nuti per- 
hibentur. Plato in Tinueo. h Plutarch, in ‘iv.v.* V << r> 
K pwoc 'zygocrYf/iMit'tii 'lozc^cci 'Ifj&pv i', &c. id ell, Samrnus 

privnunciat magnatn imbrium vim futurum, & fabricr.n- 
dam efle arcam, & in esi cum voluciibus, reptilibus, atque 
jnmentis cfle navigandum, 1 Alex. Polyhillor apud Cyril - 
contra Julian. 1. 1. 

L titles 


*4-6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

titles of Rain, and an Ark built , in which Men , and Birds , 
and creeping Things Jhould all fail together . 

8 . Saturn is faid to have devoured all his Sons, but 
thefe three, Jupiter , Neptune , and Pluto . So Noah, 
the Paftor and'Prophet, and as it were the Father of 
all Mortals, may.be faid to have condemned and de- 
flroyed all Men, a becaufe he foretold that they would 
be deftroyed in the Flood, For, in the Scripture- 
Phrafe, the Prophets are faid to do the Thing which they 
foretclJhallbe done hereafter . Thus when the b Prophet 
fays, when I came to deftroy the City \ he means, when 1 
came to foretel , that the City Jhould be dejlrdyed . But as 
Saturn had three Sons left to him not devoured ; fo 
had Noah three. Sen?, Chanty and Japhet , who were 
not deftroyed in the Flood. 

Furthermore, thefe Reafons may perfuade u& that 
Noah' s Son Cham is Jupiter: i. His Hebrew Name 
Ham is by many called Cham , from whence it is plain, 
the Egyptians had the Name dusv [ dmoun~\ and the A~ 
fricans , Ammon or Hammon . 2. Cham was the youngeft 
Son of Noah , as Jupiter was of Saturn . 3. Jupiter is 

feigned to be c Lord of the Heavens ; thus Cham had . 4 ?- 
frica , which Country is efteemed nearer the Heavens 
than other Countries, becaufe it has the Planets vertical, 
4. Jupiter gelded his Father, which Stones feem to be 
taken from the twenty-fecond Verfe of the ninth 
Chapter of Genefis 5 where it is written, And Flam Jaw 
the Nakednefs of his Father , and told \ or, and cut off $ il 
for fo it might, by Miftakc, be read in the Hebreiv 
T'ongtic, by altering only one or two Vowels. 

Japbet is the fame with Neptune \ c for as Neptune 
had the Command of the Sea, fo the Ifands and Benin - 
filed s fell chiefly to Japbet'$ Lot. 


tl Hebrews xi. 7. b Ezek. xliii. 2. c Callimach. Hymn. 
i\d Jnvcm. Lucan. 2. 9. <! Et nunciavit, va jagged, pro quo 
facile legi potuit vejaggod, id eft, abfddit ; turn maxima 
cum vocalia pun&a null.ulum crant fubferipta confonan- 
liliiu. La&antius de lalfa Rdigi .ne, 1 . 1. c, 1, 


But 




l 3 ut how (hall we prove that Sem was Pluto ? What 
carried him into Hell ? Not his Piety arid Holinefsj by 
Which he excelled his Brothers, and glorified his own 
Namb : But, perhaps, becatife he Was fo holy, and fo 
great an Enemy to Idolatry; the Idolaters hated hirri 
whilft he lived, and endeavoured to blacken his Memo • 
ry when he died, by fending him to the Stygian Dark-* 
nefs, and putting, into his Hand the Sceptre of Hell. 


SECT V, A Philofopbical Senfe of the 

Fable . • Saturn, Time. 

r r . 

. , 3 I * . * • ' f 

T HE Greek a Words fignifying Saturn and Time 

differ only in one Letter ; from whence it is 
plain, that, by Saturn * Time may be meant. And; on 
this Account, b Saturn is painted devouring his Chil¬ 
dren, and vomiting them up again ; as indeed Time de¬ 
vours and confumes all Things which it has produced, 
which at length revive again, and are as it were re¬ 
newed. 

Or el fe; Days* Months, and Years are the Children 
of Time > which he conftantly devours and produces a- 
fcew. 

Sometimes he is painted in the Midft betwixt two 
young Boys and two Girls; and Time is furrounded 
by the different Seafons of the Year* as Parents are by 
their Children. 

Laftly* as Saturn has his Scythe , fo has Time too, 
with which lie mows down all Things ; neither can 
the hafdett Adamant withfland the Edge thereof* 


a Kpo^or, Saturnus, xp° vo $ Teinpus. 
b Cicero 2. ,dc Nat. Orph. in Hymn, ad Saturn. 
iGfchyl. in Lumen* 

L 2 


< 


C I-I A P. 


248 Of the Gods of the Heathens ■. 

' . ‘ * 

CHAP. II. 

* * 

I 

SECT. I. Janus, bis Image. 

• % ^ 

,P . Strange ! What is this ? An Image with two 

Faces, and one Head only ! 

M. It- Is fo ; and by thofe Faces he fees the Things 
placed both before and behind him. It is Janu? the 
11 two-faced God ; holding a Key in his Right-hand, 
and a Rod in his Left. Beneath his Feet you fee 
twelve Altars. If he could lay afide that Rod and 
Key, perhaps, according to his Cuftom, he would ex- 
prefs to you the Number Three-Hundred with one 
Hand, and the Number Sixty-Five by the other 5. by 
differently moving, bending, and weaving his Fingers. 
P. I do not thoroughly und'erftand your Meaning. 
M* You will prefendy clearly and perfedily under- 
Hand both what I fay, and what you fee with your'Eyes, 
Stay a little, till I explain the Four moft remarkable 
Names of this God : For, in fo doing, I Ihall not only 
explain this Pidlure, but alfo tell you whatever Things 
are neceffary concerning Janus in- this Place. 


a ’ Bifrons Dens, Ovid. 


_ • 

SECT. II. Names and ASiions of. Janus. 

S OME a fay that Janus was the Son of Ccslus and 
Hecate: And that his Name was given him b from 
a VVord fignifyiug to go or pafs through. From whence 
it is y that c Thorough-fares are called , in the Plural Nwn+ 


11 A mob, cont. Gerries. b Janus quad Ran us ah euvdo . 
c Unde fit, lit tranfitiones perviae Jani (plurali numcro) 
forefquc in liminibus profanarum ardium janiue tlicerentuy. 
Gic. 2, de Nat, 3. 

itr 9 




»l»# I I • • • *•«»!•« I M* * * »•» 1 | M* » t 











































































































































































































































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens. 14.9 

her, Jani; and the Gates before the Doors of private 
HoufeSy Januae. A Place at Rome was called jani 9 
3 where were three Images of farms'. In this Place 
Ufurers and Creditors always met to pay and receive 
Money. And this Place is mentioned both by b Fully 
and c Horace . 

As he is painted with two Faces, fo he is called by 
Virgil d Efrons, and by Ovid c Biceps: Becaufe, fo 
great was his Prudence, that he faw both the Xhino-s 
paft, and thofe which were future. Or, elfe, becaufe 
by fanus the World was thought to be meant, view¬ 
ing with its two Faces the principal Quarters of it, the 
Eafl: and Well. He is alfo deferibed f with four Faces 9 
from the four Quarters of the World ; becaufe he go¬ 
verns them by his Counfel and Authority. Or becaufe, 
as he is Lord of the Day, wirh his two Faces, he ob- 
ferves both the Morning and the Evening; as 15 Hot ace 
fays. 

When Romulus , King of the Romans , made a League 
with Fatius. King of the Sabines , they fet up an Image 
of Janus Bifrons, intended thereby, to reprefent h both 
Nations, between which the Peace was concluded. 


a Acron. in Horat. 1 . 2. Sat. 8. b Viri optimi ad me¬ 
dium Janum fedentes. Cicero de Oftic. 2.. Deinpiler. in 
Paralip. c Imus Sc fumrnus Janus. Horat. 1 . cp.i. d Virg. 
i z. Aincid. 

c fane Biceps anni tacite labet it is imago , 

Solus de fuperisy qui tua terga <vides. 

Thou, Double Pate, the Aiding Year doit fliew. 

The only God that thine own Back can A view* 
f Qu ad ri irons. 

3 Matutinc pater, feu fane , libentior audis , 

Unde homines openun primes c ait<rque labores 


InjUtmint --- 

Old fanus , if you pleafe, grave two-fac’d Father, 

Or elfe bright God o’the Morning, chufe you whether. 
Who dat’il the Lives ancl Toils of mortal Men. 
h l^AVceruntlimulacrum Jano liiiVontiquaft adimagineni 
duonun populuruin, Scrvius in 12. ./Encid. 

L 3 Nam a 



j Of the Gods of the Heathens , 

JSfuma afterwards built a Temple, which had double 
Doors, and dedicat' d it to that fame Janus. l/V'hen 
.Falifci, a City of Hctruria , was taken, a tip ere was an 
Image of Janus found, with four Faces \ whereupon the 
Temple of Janus had four Gates. But of that Tem¬ 
ple we fhall fpeak by and by. 

He was called furukey, or Club-bearer, [ Claviger J 
from the Rod and Keys in his Hands. He held the 
Rod, becaufe he was the b Guardian of the JVays; and 
the Keys, for thefe Reafons : 

x. He was the In venter of Locks, Doors, and Gates, 
which are called Janua , after his Name j and himfelf 
j$ called c Janitor , becaufe Doors were under his Pro¬ 
tection. 

2 . He is the Janitor of (he Year, and of all the 
Months, the firth of which takes the Name of January 
from him. To Juno belong the Calends of the Months, 
and the committed them to his Care, wherefore he is 
called by fome Junonius , and d Martial takes Notice, 
that the Government of the Year was committed to him* 
for which Reafon, L twelve Altars were dedicated to him, 
according to the Number of the Months; as there were 
alfo twelve fmall Chapels in his Temple. f The Con - 
fuls were, among the Romans , inaugurated in the Tem¬ 
ple of Janus, who were from thence faid * Vo open t be 
Tear. Upon the Calends of January (and as Macrobius 
fays on the Calends of March) a new Laurel was hung 


a Captis Falifcis inventum eft fimulacrum Jani Quadri- 
frontis, Servius in 7. ,/Eneid. b Reftor viarum. LiL 
,Gyr. c Gra»ce ©iw. 

d Anmrum , ntliclique.fator pulcherrime munch. 

Gay Founder of the World, and of our Years. 

Mart . 1 . r o. Epigr. 28. 
e Var. lib. Human. Sidon. Apollin. Carm. 7. 1. Sat. c, 
is. f Sidon. ibid. £ Aperire annum. Vide Lcxicogr. 


upon 




Of the Gods of the Heathens\ 151 

upon the Statue of Janus^ and the old Laurel taken 
away; of which Cuftom a Ovid makes mention. 

P. Was this done, becaufe he was the In venter of 
Laiirel Garlands ? 

M\ Pliny thought not, but believed this Cuftom was 
occaftoned, becaufe Janus rules over the Year; b The 
Statue , fays he, of Janus, which was dedicated bv Numa, 
had its Fingers fo compofed , as to fignify the Number of 
Three - hundred fix ty^five Days ; to Jbew that Janus was a 
God , by his Knowledge in the Year , and Ti?ne and dges. 
c He had not thefe Figures deferibed on his Hand, but 
had a peculiar Way of numbering them, by bending, 
ftretching, or. mixing his Fingers; of which Numera¬ 
tion many are the Opinions of Authors. 

3. He holds a Key in his Hand, becaufe he is, as it 
were, the d Door through which the Prayers of Mankind 
have Accefs to the Gods. For, in all the Sacrifices, 
Prayers were.firft offered up to Janus , And Janus him- 
felf gives the fame Reafon, c as we find in Ovid ., why, 
before Men facrificed to any of the other Gods, they 
firft offered Sacrifice to him. But Fcfius gives another 

a Laurea Flaniinibits, qua toto perfitil anno 7 

Tollitur 7 & frondcs funt in honore no-Ttse. Fall. 1. 3.. 

The Laurel, that the former Year did grace* 

T* a frefh and verdant Garland yields his Place. . 
b Quod Janus Geminus a Numa Rege dicatus digitis ita 
figuratis ut trecentorum quinquaginta quinque (fexaginta 
quinque alii legrnt J dierum nota, per fignificationcm anni, 
temporis, Sc revi, fe Deum inclicaretv Plinius. Vide ctiam 
Athen. 1 . 34. c. 7. & Lil. Gyr. c Tiraq. Lil. Gyr. Apu. 
leii z. Apol. &c. . d Arnob. contra Gehtcs, 

o -- Cur qnevMs aliorum numina placet/:, 

Jane, it hi primum thura mcr unique fero ? 

Ut pojjts adit urn per me, qui limina fer vo , 

M quofc 11 tiquc <voles, in quit, habere dcos* Ovid, Faft. 1 .1» 
Why is't that, tho' 1 other Gods adore, 

I firft mu ft Janus* Deity implore ? 

Becaufe l hold the Door, by which Acccfs 
(shad to any God you would addreft. 

L 4 


Reafon 



15.2 , Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Reafon why Prayers and Sacrifices were, in the firfi 
PJ ace, offered to 'Janus \ to wit, becaufe Men thought that 
3II Things took their Being from Janus , therefore they 
firfl made their Supplications to him as to,a common 
pat her. . For though the Name a Father is given to all 
the - God. <; , yet Janus was particularly called by this 
Name. He firtf built Temples and Altars, b and infti- 
tutcd Religious Rites, and c for that keajon among. fo- 
thers , fays one, in all Sacrifices they begin their Rites by of¬ 
fering Bread, Corn , and Wine to Janus, before any 'Thing is 
offei ed to any other Deity. Frankincenfe was never of¬ 
fered to him, though Ovid mentions it in the Verfes 
adjoined, which therefore he infers either by Poetical 
Licenfe, or only in refpetSl to the Sacrifices which were 
in ufe in his Time. For as d Pliny writes. They did not 
facrifice with Frankincenfe in the Times of the Trojans . 
Neitner does Homer in the leaft mention Frankincenfe 
in any Place, where he fpeaks concerning Sacrifices ; 
which fo e#a£t an Author would never have omitted, if 
jt had been in ufe. Neither do I find a Greek Word 
thar properly figmfies Thus ; for Bv'ov, [Thuon] or Butov, 
[Thu 1 on] fignifies not only Thus, but any odoriferous 
SmeJJ, He was aJfo called Patulcius and Clufus , or 

Patulacius and Clufus ; from e opening and flout ting 5 for 
in the Time of the War Janus’s Temple was open, but 
jfliut in i'ime of Peace. This Temple was founded by 
Romulus and Tatius , and, as I faid before, Numa or¬ 
dained tfiat it fhould be opened when the Romans 


fi 


* Quod fueritotnniuni primus a quo reruin omnium fac-r 
turn putabant initiutn : Ideoci fupplicabanc velut parenti. 
Fell us. I. 3 in verbo Chaos . b Virg. ASneid, 8. Juvenal. 
Sat. 6 Servius in 2 Georg. c Proptereaquc in oznni fa- 
cri/icjopcrpetua ei praefatiopra3mittitur,farque ilJi Sc vinum 
pradibatur; Fab. Pi ft. L r. de Ant. La|:. d IJiacis Tem- 
poribus Thu re non fupplicatum, PJin. 1 . 13. c. 1. Vide 
peinpft. in Paralip. f; a patent! 3 vel patciacienio Sc dau- 
dendo. Servius in /. /Fneid. Claud, de Hon, 6. Conf. 


b » 


waged 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

waged War, but fhut when they enjoyed Peace, It 
is open in Time of War, becaufe a Spring of hot 
Water arofe out of the Place where this Temple {lands, 
■when Romulus lought with the Sabines? and forced the 
Enemy to march away ; therefore in War they opened 
that Temple, hoping for the fame or the like Allift- 
ance ; or, it may be, rather, a becaufe they that go to 
War, ought to think of Peace, and wifh for a quick 
Return into their Native Country. 

Ovid mentions both thefe Names of Janus in a 
b Diftich, and Virgil delcribes c the Manner and Occa- 
fion of opening his Temple, and the ‘‘ Confequences 

of 



a Serv. in 7. ./Encid. - • 

** Nomina ride bis, moeto namqiie Pattilcius idem, 

Et mod 0 JacriJico C lit ft us ore <vocor . 

The Pricil this Moment me Patulcius calls, and then 
"Next Moment me he Clufius names again. 

* Sunt gemines belli port re (file nomine die uniJ 
Religions facres £s* fienjifionnidine Martis . 

Cent inn atrei elandunt <vecics ecternaque Jerri 
Robora \ nee cufios abfijiit limine '/anus. 485 
Has ubi cert a Jedct pat ri bus fententia pitgnec , 

Jpfe fiuirinali trabea cinetuque Gabino 
lnfiguisy rejerat filridentia limina Confiul, Hsneid. /. 
Two Gates of Steel (the. Names of Mars they bear) 
And ilill are worfhipp’d with religious Fear, 

Before his Temple itand ; the dire Abode 
And the fear’d 1 flue's of the furious God, 

Are fenc'd with brazen Bolts ; without the Gates 
The weary Guaidian * anus doubly waits. 

Then when the facrcd Senate votes the Wars, 

The Roman Confui their Decree declares. 

And in his-Robes the founding Gates unbars-. 

(I Jjfpcra turn pnfiitis nut/cent fit cula belles : 

Cana Jules, & Fcfia, Remo cum/retire ifitir inns 
Jura dabunl ; ciirm fierro id compagihus arSt 'rs 
Claudcntur belli porta -, Furor imp tits inf us. 

Sitae it Jedeus J'ttper anna, tsf centum <vintltis abatis 
Rcjl tergum nodis , fir emit horridus ore entauo » 


* 




Then 



15 4 Of the 'Gods of the He at bests. 

of (hutting it again. It is very fltange, that within the 
Spree of (even hundred Years, this 1 'em pie of 'Janus 
was fhut only a thrice ; once by Nutria ; the leeond 
Time by the Con fills Marcus Attilius and ."Titus Man¬ 
lius, after the Carthaginian War : And Jaflly, by An - 
gujhts , after the Vi£h>ry at Aflium. 


Then dire Debate, and impious War fhall ceaie. 
And the fern Age be foften’d into Peace: 

Then banifh’d Faith fhall once again return. 

And Vellal Fires in hollow Temples burn ; 

And Remus with Quirinus fhall fulfain 

The righteous Laws, and Fraud and Force reflrain. 

Janus himfelf before his Fane lhall wait. 

And keep the dreadful Ifl'ues of his Gate 
With Bolts and iron Bars. Within remains 
Jmprifbn’d Fury, bound in brazen Chains ; 

High on a Trophy rais’d of ufelejs Arms 

He fits, and threats the World with vain Alarms. 

»Liv. 1 . 2. Orof. I. 5. cap. 12. Dio. 1 . 51. 


SECT. III. An Explanation of the Fable . 
Janus, the Emblem of Prudence. 


W E may fee in this Story of b Janus (whom fomc 

call Noah) fome Ogyges , fome a Pried, a Philo- 
fopber, and a Divine ; and fome an ancient King of 
Italy) who was the Founder of the Town Janiculum) 
in this Fable of Janus we may behold, I fay, the Re~ 
pr filiation of a very prudent Perfon ; whofe Wifdom, 
c Tulty fays, con fills in the Remembrance of Things pa ft ^ 
and in the Forefight of Things to come - The prudent Mail 
ought therefore to have , as it were, two Faces ; that 
according to his natural Sagacity of Mind and Ripc- 
nefs of Judgment, obferving both Things part and fu- 



b Mu nil. 2. Cofm. 9. Fab. Pi ft. 
c In pr.Ttcritoruin Memoria Sc Provider)tia futurorum 
Tul. tie Seneftule. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 155 

ture, he may be able to difcern the Caufes and Begin¬ 
nings, the Pro&refs, and, as it were, the fore-running 
Accidents of ail Things ; that he may be able to draw 
LikenefTes, to make Companions, to obferve Conic- 
quences, and perceive Futurities ; and, by a zvife Con¬ 
nexion of Caufes and Events, be able to join Things 
prefent with Things to come, and T hings future with 
Things paft. 

The prudent Per fan has the Key of all Things : Nothing 
is fo obfeure, that his Undemanding cannot compre¬ 
hend ; nothing is fo fecret and private, that his Confi- 
deration and Care cannot detect and lay open ; nothing 
fo hard and intricate, that his Quicknefs and Dextpritv 
cannot explain and unfold. With this Key he ex a? 
mines all the Ways of Bufinefs, and finds which are 
the molt proper; he fees the Difpofition of Times, and 
the Exigencies of Affairs ; he removes the Difficulties 
and the Bars that lie in his Way ; he publifhes as much 
as is ufcful, and conceals clofely whatfoever will be 
hurtful to him. With this Key he lays open for him- 
felf a Paflage into the Friendfhip of others, he infinu- 
ates himfeifinto the inward Recefies of their Breads; 
he learns their moft fecret Counfels, their moft referved 
Thoughts; he refolves Myfteriesand penetrates Things 
unknown, and feeks and finds, and views Obje&s the 
moft remote from the common Scnfeof the World. 

farms firft inftituted Altars, Temples and Sacrifices. 
Thus it is a Sign of the higheft Prudence and Under- 
ftandingtopay due Honour to the Almighty, to reve¬ 
rence his Power, to propagate his Worfhip, and magnify 
his Glory. And as Men offered firft to 'Janus in all 
Sacrifices, becaufe of his exemplary Holinefs and Pie¬ 
ty ; fo how much the more Worfhip Men pay to God, 
fo much the more Honour (hall they receive both from 
God and Men, as the Precepts and Examples, in the 
Holy Scripture do abundantly teftify. 


C I I A I\ 



1 


* 5 6 


Of the Gods of the Heathens '. 


CHAP. III. 

SECT, I. Vulcan. 

P. Heavens ! I think I fee a Blackfmith among 

the Gods. 

M . Very true : He is both a Smith and a God, by 
Name Vulcan . He has a Shop in the Ifland Lemnos^ 
where he exercifes his Trade, and where, though he 
is a God himfelf, he made Jupiter's Thunder, and the 
Arms of the other Gods. 

P. If he was a God, what Misfortune drove him to 
the Forge, and tied him to fuch a nafty Employment ? 

M. His Deformity, I believe. a He was born of 
Jupiter and Juno\ fome fay of Juno only ; and being 
contemptible for his Deformity, he was caft down from 
Heaven into the Ifland Lemnos , (whence he is called 
Lemnius\) he broke his Leg with the Fall, and if the 
Lemnians had not caught him when he fell, he had cer¬ 
tainly broke his Neck ; he has ever fince been lame. 
In Requital of their Kindnefs, he fixed his Seat amongfi: 
them, and fee up the Craft of a Smithy teaching them 
the manifold Ufes of Fire and Iron ; and, from /often- 
zng and polifhing Iron , b he received the Name Adulci- 
her , or Mulcifor . 

This nafty deformed Smithy which you will wonder 
to hear, obtained in Marriage the molt beautiful God- 
defs Venus ; and not long after, when he caught her 
and ALars committing Adultery, he linked them toge¬ 
ther with Chains, and expof'ed them to the Laughter 
of all the Gods. He defired mightily to marry Adi- 
rtcrva> and Jupiter confented, yielding up the Virgin 


a Phurnnt. 
Virg. 

L i. 


de Nat. 

6 . 


Door. I-Jefiod. Lucian, dc Sacrific. 
h a mulcendo ierro. Vide Lucan. 


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Of the Gods of the Heathens. x 57 

to the Will of this natty Wretch. But (he refitted 
his Attempts, and in the Struggle his Nature fell from 
him upon the Earth, and produced the Monfler^nV^- 
thonius , Erichtheus , or Erichthonicus , who was a Boy 
with Dragon’s Beet; to hide the monftious Deformity 
of which, he firtt invented Chariots. Jupiter (as I 
faid) confenied that Vulcan fhould marry Minerva, if 
he could overcome her Modefty. For, when Vulcan 
made Arms for the Gods, ^Jupiter gave him Leave to 
chufe out of the Goddefles a Wife, and he chofe Mi¬ 
nerva : but he admonifbed Minerva , at the fame Time, 
to refufe him, and preferve her Virginity, as fhe did 
admirably well- 

At R.owc were celebrated the Vulcama , a Feafis in 
Honour of Vulcan ; at which they threw Animals into 
the Fire to be burnt to Death. The Athenians inftf- 
tuted other Featts to his Honour called Cbalcen, A 


Temple befides was dedicated to him upon the Moun¬ 
tain lv /Etna, from which he is fometimes named /Et~ 
naus. This Temple was guarded by Dogs, c whofe 
Senfe of Smelling was fo exquifite, that they could dif- 
ccrn, whether the Pcrfons that came thither were 
Chafte and Religious, or whether they were Wicked : 
They ufed to meet, and flatter, and follow the Good, 
efteeming them the Acquaintance and Friends of Vul¬ 
can their Adafter ; but they barked and flew at the Bad, 
and never left off tearing them, ’till they had driven 
them away. 

P. I have heard, unlefs I am miftaken, that this Vul¬ 


can, by yupiteV* Command, made a living JVoman , 
Is it true ? 


M* It is a comical Thing to exprifl Truth in Fables* 
It is indeed feigned , that the firtt; Woman was fafhion- 
cd by the Hammer of Vulcan , and that every God 


a Ita dl&US fccTTo rif tQi&of i'Ci) p/Ooi'o.;? 

terra. Vide Virg. 3. Georg. 

b Ysly. ap. Lil. c Pollux, 1 . 7. 


ex contentions & 

apud Lil. Gyr. 

gave 


j 58 Of the Gods of the Heathensi 

gave her fome Prefent, whence fhe was called Paiu 
dor a . Pallas gave her Wifdom, Apollo the Art of 
Muflck, Mercury the Art of Eloquence, Venus gave 
her Beauty, and the reft of the Gods gave her other 
Accomplishments. a They fay alfo, that when Pro¬ 
metheus ftole Fire from Heaven, to animate the Man 
which he had made, Jupiter vvas incenfed, and fent 
Pandora to Prometheus with a fealed Box, but Prome¬ 
theus would not receive it. He fent her with the fame 
JBox again to the Wife of Eplmethcus , the Brother of 
Prometheus ; and ftie, out of a Curiofity natural to her 
Sex, opened it, which as foon as fhe had done, all Sorts 
of Difeafes and Evils, with which it was filled, flew 
amongft Mankind, and have infefted them ever fince* 
And nothing was left in the Bottom of the Box* but 
Hope . 


a Paufan. in At. 


SECT. II. The Cyclops, Servants t» 

Vulcan. 

P.\X/ HAT Wack, nafty, one-eyed Fellows are 
VV thofe ? 

M. They are Vulcan's Servants, and work with him 
in his Shop. They were called b Cyclops , becaufe they 
had but one Eye, which vvas in the,Middle of their 
Foreheads, of a Circular Figure: Neptune and Ampbi- 
trite were their Parents. And the c Names of three of 
them were Brontes , Steropes, and Pyracmon $ befidcs 



h A xvv’h.'fa circulua, Sc ^4' oculus. 
c Ferrum cxcrccbant ^vajio Cyclopes in antro t 
BrontefqtiCi Steropefqnc> & nudus membra Pyracmon* 
On their eternal Anvils here he found 
The Brethren beating, and the Blows go round. 




which, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 159 

which, there were many more whofe Names are not 
mentioned, who all exercifed a the Art of Smithery 
under Vulcan^ as we are taught by Virgil. 


a --— Alii vent ofs fo Hi bus auras 

Accipiunt redd unique : alii Jlridentia t ingun t 
JEra lacu : gemit bnpoftis incudibus antnun . 

HU inter fefe mult a <vi brachia tollunt 
In numcrtan , <vcrfa?itqtic tenaci forcipe ferr urn .' 

Oneftirs the Fire, one the Bellows blows. 
r l he hilling Steel is in the Smithy drown’d ; 

The Grot with beaten Anvils groans around r 
By Turns their Arms advance, in equal Time ; 

By Turns their Hands defcend, and Hammers chimes. 
They turn the glowing Mafs with crooked Tongs ; 

The fiery Work proceeds with rultic Songs. 

SECT. III. Cacus and C^culus, Sons 

of Vulcan and Polyphemus. 

/>ACUS was the vileft of Rogues, his Name was 
given Him ^from his Wickednefs. He tormented 
all Laiiivn with his Fires and Robberies 5 living like a 
Beaff in a difmal Cave. He Hole Hercules 9 s Oxen, 
and dragged them backwards by their Tails into his 
Cave, that fo the Track of their Feet might not difco- 
ver this Repofilory of his Thefts. But Hercules , pair¬ 
ing by, heard the Lowing of the Oxen in the Cave y 
broke open the Doors, and feizing the Villain, c puc 


* 

b 7 Attq Ty a malo. 

c- Cacitm in tenebris inccndia van a vomentem 

Corripi/t in nodum complcxus ; £3° an git inbevrens 
Eli/os oculos, & Jiccum fanguine guttur, Viig. JEn. S'. 

The Mon Her fpewing fruitless Flames he found ; 
lie fqucess’dhis Throat, lie wreath’d his Neck around. 
And in a Knot his crippled Members bound : 

Then from the Sockets tore his burning Ryes; 

Roll’d oil a Heap the breathlefs Robber lies. 

b i 



16o Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

« 

him to Death. a His Cave was fo dark that it aJrmi> 
ted riot the lead Ray of Light. The Floor of it was 
red with the Blood perpetually fhed upon it, and the 
Heads and Limbs of the Men he had murdered were 
fattened to the Potts of the Doors. 

Calculus alfo lived by Plunder and Robbery. He was 
fo called from the Smallnefs of bis Eyes (it is thought 
the noble Family of the Cacilii at Rome derived their 
Original from him.) Whilft his Mother fat by the 
Fire, a Spark flew into her Lapj hereupon file grew 
big with Child, and, within the ufual Time, fhe brought 
forth this Son ; who was afterwards the Founder of the 
City Pranejle . b Others fay, that the Shepherds found 
Calculus unhurt in the Midft of the Fire, as foon as he 
was bom; from whence he was thought to be the Son 
of Vulcart. 

To thefe Servants and Sotis of Vulcan , add the 
Shepherd Polypbemusj a Monfter not unlike them, born 
of Neptune. For, he had but one Eye in his Fore¬ 
head like the Cyclops ; and he got his Living by Mur¬ 
ders and Robberies, like Cacv.s and C&culus . c This 


a Hie fpelunca fuitvafio fubmota rccejjit 
Semihomims Caci ; facies quant dir a tegebat 
Solis inacccjjam radiis ; femperque rccenti 
Ctfde tepebat humus ; fori bus affix a ftp er bis 
Ora wirum trijli pen deb ant pallida tabo. 

Huic tnovjtro Vulca?ius erat pater : illius atros 
Ore v omens ignes magna fc mole fere bat. 

*Twas once a Robber’s Den, inclos’d around 
With living Stone, and deep beneath the Ground, 
The Monfter Cacus, more than half a Beall, 

This Hold, impervious to the Sun, pofiefs’d; 

The Pavements ever foul with human Gore ; 

Heads, and their mangled Members, hung the Door. 
Venus this Plague begot; and, like his Sire, 

Black Clouds he belch’d, and Flames of livid Fir® 
b Virgil. ./Encid. 7. 

c Vjeerib iS miferorum* & fanguine vefeitur airo* 

Vidi egometi duo dc 7itimc.ro cum corpora no/lro 
Prenfa mawt magna, medio rcfupinm in antro , 


Monfter 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 161 

* 

_ ' 

Monfters drew four of Ulyjfes 9 s Companions into fife 
Den, in Sicily , and devoured them. He thought too, 
that the reit of Ulyffis's Servants could not efcape his 
Jaws; But XJlyJfes made him drunk with Wine, and 
then with a Firebrand quite put out his Sight, and 

efcaped. 


Frangerct ad fax am : fanieque afperfa naiarent 
Limina : vidi, atro cum membra fluentia tabo 
Mandcrct & tcpidi tremerent fub dentibus art us , 

Hand impune quidem nec talia pajfus Ulyjfes , 

Oblttufqiie fid cjl Itbacus difcrimine tanto . 

Nain fmul expletns ddpi bits, vinoque feputtus 
Cervicem inf exam pofuit , jacuitQue per antrum 
Immenfum, faniem eru£ians y eic fraftra crtietito 
Per Jbmnum commixta mero ; nos magna precati 
Numina , fortitique vices, una undique circum 
Fundimur , £5 telo lumen terebramus acuto 
Ingens : quod torvd foliim fub froute lat chat, 

Argolici dypei aut Pbeebseat lampadis inftar . Virg. -$£n. 3 . 
The Joints of Haughter’d Wretches are his Food, 

And for his Wine lie quaffs the ffeaming Blood: 

Thefe Eyes beheld, when with his fpacious Hand 
He feiz’d two Captives of our Grecian Band ; 

Stretch’d on his Back, he dafh’d again ft the Stones 
Their broken Bodies and their crackling Bones. 

With fpouting Blood the purple Pavement fwims. 
While the dire Glutton grinds the trembling Limbs. 
Not unreveng’d TJlyJJes bore their Fate, 

Nor thoiightlefs of his own unhappy State : 

For, gorg’d with Flefh, and drunk with human Wine, 
Whilfl fall afleep the Giant lay fupine ; 

Snoring aloud, and belching from his Maw 
Ilis undigeffed Foam and M oriels raw;; 

We pray, we call the Lots ; and then liirround 
The monffrous Body, ilretch’d along the Ground : 
Each, as he could approach him, lends a Hand 
Tp bore his Eye-ball with a flaming Brand : 

Beneath his frowning Forehead lay his Eye, 

For only one did this vail Frame fupply ; 

But that a Globe To large, his Front i i fill’d, 

Like the Sun’s Difk, or like the Grecian Shi ell. 

M S E C T. 


16 2 Of the Gods of the 'Heathens. 

✓ 

SECT. IV*. V he Signification of the Fable » 

Vulcan, a Symbol o/Two Sorts of Fire. 

rr^HAT by Vulcan is underrtood Fire, the Name 
. JL itfelf difcovers, if we believe a Vcirro? who-fays 
that the Word Vu lea mis is derived from the Force and 
Violence of Fire: And therefore he is painted with a 
blue Hat, b which is a Symbol of the Celeflial or Ele¬ 
mentary Fire , which is by Nature dear and unmixed; 
whereas the Common Fire^ that is ufed on Earth, is weak, 
and wants continual Fire to fupport it, and therefore 
Vulcan is faid to be lame. c He is fa id to have been call 
down from Heaven, becaufe the Lightning comes from 
the Clouds, and to have fallen into Lemnos , becaufe 
Lightning often falls into that Ifland* 

But let us a little confider the Flames of Love ; for 
Vulcan married Venus . If you admire, therefore, fo 
fair, fo delicate, fo beautiful a Goddefs fhould be aW ife 
to fo deformed and black a God , you muft fuppofe that 
Vulcan is the Fire, and Venus the Flame : And is not 
the Union between Fire and Flame very proper ? But 
this Fire is kindled in Hell, and Mowed by the Cy¬ 
clops: And thofe who are additted to Vcnery, are let 
on Fire with thefe Flames; for when a Flame, kindled 
by the Eyes of a beauteous Woman, lets the Breaft on 
Fire, how violent is the Combuftion, how great the 
Flavock, how certain the Deftru£lion ? Hence comes 
the Lover’s Anguifh: Deadnefs and Faincnefs over- 
fpread his Face, his Eyes are dull and heavy, his 
Cheeks meagre and wan, his Countenance puts on 
the Palcnefs of Arties, which are fatal Arguments of 
a fpreading Fire within, that confumes and preys upon 


u Vulcamis quart Volicanus, quod ignis per acreni voliu t; 
vi:l a. vi ac violentia ignis. Var.ap, Lil Gyt\ b Serv. S. 
/Eneid. Eufob. do Prscp. Evang. c Servius, ibid. 

the 


Of the Gods of the heathens. 163 

the inferior Parts. But when Impudence has blown 
the Coals, fo that Modefty can put no further Stop to 
the Rage and Violence of this Flame , when this hej- 
lifh Offspring breaks forth, and by Degrees gathers 
Strength ; Good God ! How does it fpread, rage, and 
increafe ? With what Fury and Violence does it bear 
down and deftroy every Thing ? By this Flame Scmele 
was confumed;, Hercules 1 s Streiig^h was an eafy Prey 
to it; and hereby the ftrongeft Towers and ftateiieft 
Palaces of "Troy were confumed and reduced to Afhes. 

Have you given yourfelf up to Venus ? She will 
make you a Vulcan: She will make you filthy, nafty, 
and black as Hell : She. will darken your IJnderftand- 
ing, though you are in the Midft of Fire : For the Fire 
of Venus gives no Light, but brings the greateft Darle¬ 
ne fs; it freezes and lfupifies the Soul, while the Body 
is thawed and melted into PJeafures.. How fad is the 
Fate of an effeminate Man ? His Toil and Labour is 


like the Work of Vulcan ; for he who defperately loves 
a Woman, takes a burning Iron into his Bread; his 
Houfe is a Forge, he labours and toils'to foften her 
Temper more than Vulcan fweats to fafhion the hat deft 
Steel ; he neeletfts the Care of himfclf to make her 
fine and handfome. Again, how many Eftates are - 
melted in Luft’s Furnace? How many roffeflions re¬ 
duced to Allies, till nothing but Drofs is left, and the 
Nobility and Honour of their Families difappear and 
variifh in Smoke ? 


No Fuel can fatisfy this Fire; the Heat of it never 
decreafetb, it never cools; for Venus blows it with Si» r 
kindles it with Tears, and foments,it with proud Dif- 
dain and Coldnefs. Her Kindnefs is Cruelty, her 
Pride is infnaring. What Wonder is it then, that fo 


many Vulcans , not only in Lemnos , but every-where, 
make Thunder at this Forge, which will fall on their 
own Heads ; by which they are caft headlong fr<>rn 
Heaven to Faith, that is, from the hb/heft Degree of 

* s ’ 7 • * O 

Happinefs to the lowcfl Vale of Mifery : From which 

M 7, Fall 




I 


> 


1 



.164 Of the Gods of the Heathens ; 

Fall comes Lamenefs never to be cured; thefe are the 
Effe&s of the Love of Venus . If you will believe me, 
d I believe the Poet, who, in a witty Epigram, fays the 
fame Thing. 


a Yjoy tov’E geJla., ywaXitot T^v \A<p§o£»T>7V, 

’Oc /ft GC.CjlX.bJq Xtcfcuv Tqv 'ZjoS'cg %CO?\bv £%6 

Cupid is Vulcan "*s Son, Venus his Wife, 

No Wonder then he goes lame all his Life. 


CHAP. IV. 

JSL O L u s. 

L ETus now blow out the Fire with the Windy and 

bring up Molus after Vulcan : For he who ftands 
next him is a Molus the God of Winds y hegotten by 
Jupiter , of Acejla or Segejla , the Daughter of Hippota 5 
from whence he is named Hippotadcs. He dwelt in 
one of thofe feven Iflands, which, from him, are cal¬ 
led JEolirty and fometimes Vulcan!a . He b was a fkil- 
jful Aftronomer, and an excellent natural Philofo- 
pher ; he understood more particularly the Nature of 
the Winds : And becaufe, from the Clouds of Smoke 
of the Malian IJlandsy he foretold Winds and Tem¬ 
pers a great while before they arofe, it was generally 
believed that they were under his Power, and that 
he could raife the Winds, or Hill them, as he plcaf- 
cd. And from hence he was filled Emperor and 
King of the Winds (the Children of AJtraus and Au- 



a Ovid. Mctam. r 1. 
Strab. ap. Sorv, 


b Pal*iplut, dc incredibii. Vm\ 

rora.) 














































































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens.. 


165- 


nra.) a Virgil defcribes Juno coming to him, at hi s 
Palace, of which he gives a JDefcrip.tion in beautiful 
V erfe. 


3 Nhriborttm in pat riant, loca feet a ftrcnlibus fluff is? 
JEoliam { venit ; Hie c vaflo Rex sjEoIks antra 
LuBantus •ventos , tempefaiefqite fonoras 
Itnperio pr entity ac •vhiclis Cr car cere froenai • 

. lilt indignantes, ntag.no cum murmure 9 mentis 
Circurn claufra fremunt: cclfa fedet fEohts arcc 9 
Sceplra tenons , mollitque animos & temper at iras . 

Ni facial maria , ac terras , ccelumquc prefunduni 
Shiippe ferant rapidi fecutn, nscrrantque per auras . 

Sed pater omnipotent fpeluncis abdidit air is, 

■ Hoc meluens, tnolemque, & monies infuper altos 
Lnpofuit , Rcgcmqne dedit, qui ferdere certo 
a Et premerc , CSf lax as feiret dare ff'us babenas. 

Thus rag’d the Goddefs, and, with Fury fraught. 
The reflJefs Regions of die Storms (he fought; 
Where, in a fpacious Cave of living Stone, 

The Tyrant JEolus , from his airy Throne, 

With Pow’r imperial curbs the ftruggling Winds, 
And founding Tempefls in darkPrifons binds. 

This Way, and that, th’ impatient Captives tend. 
And prefling for Releafe, the Mountains rend. 

High in his Hall th* undaunted Monarch (lands. 

And (hakes his Sceptre, and their Rage commands; 
Which did he not, their unreflfted Sway . ' ' 

Would fweep the World before them in their Way : 
Earth, Air, and Seas, thro’ empty Space would roul, 
And Heav’n would fly before the driving Soul. 

In Fear of this the Father of the Gods 
Confin’d their Fury to thefe dark Abodes, ^ 

And lock’d them fafe, opprefs’d with Mountain-Loads; 
Impos’d a King with arbitrary Sway, 

*Td loofe their Fetters, or their Force allay. 

» • ■ r * . ■ * ■ 



li A P. 

« « » 


j 66 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 

\ 

* 

chap. v. 

► 

Moitos. 

V-W 7 H O is this Man, and what is his Name ? 

V V M, Do you expeffc a Man among the 
Gods ? The Name of this God is Mornus , a which 
Word iii the Greek Tongue figniries a Je/ler , a Mocker , 
a Mittiick ; for that is his Bufinefs. He follows no Em¬ 
ployment, but lives an idle Life; yet nicely obferves 
the A A ions arid Sayings of the other Gods, and when 
lie rinds them doing amifs, or neglecting their Duty, 
he cenfures, mocks, and .derides them with the greateft 
Liberty. 

Neptune,. Vulcan ? and Minerva .may witnefs the 
Truth of this. They all contended which of them 
,was the mod fkilful Artificer; whereupon Neptune 
made a Bull, Minerva a Houfe, and Vulcan a Man; 
they made Momus Judge between them; but he chid 
them all three. He accufed Neptune of Imprudence; 
becaufe he placed not the Bull’s Horns in his Fore¬ 
head before his Eyes; for then the Bull might give a 
ftrong and a furer Blow. He blamed Minerva, be¬ 
caufe her Houfe was immoveable, fo that it could not 
be carried away, if by Chance it was placed among ill 
Neighbours. But he faid, that Vulcan was the moft 
imprudent of them all, becaufe he did not make a Win¬ 
dow in the Man’s Bread, that he might fee what his 
Thoughts were, whether he defigned fonie Trick, or 
whether be intended what he fpoke. 

P, Who were the Parents of Momus? 

M . b No* and Sotnnus begat him. And, i/ideed, it 
is a Sign of a dull, drowfy, fottifh 'Difpofition* when 
we fee a Man ccnfuring and diGiking the Anions of 



1 Mwjxos irriforem fignificat, b Ilcfiod. in Theogon. 


f 


.XV 


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Of \the Gods of ? the Heathens . 1 6y 

all other Men, when nothing but God is wholly per- 
Fed, fome thing is wanting to every Thing, Fo that 
every Thing is defective, and liable to Cenfure. 


C H A P. VI. 

SECT. I. The Terrejlrial Goddefs^ Vesta. 

S HE 3 , whom you fee fitting and holdings Drum, 
is the Wife of Caelum^ and the Mother of Saturn* 
She is the eldeft of the Goddefles. 

P. If file is the Wife of Cesium^ why is {he placed 
among thefe Terr ejl rial Goddefles, and not amengft 
the Cele/i ial rather ? 

M. Becaufe this Goddefs b Vefla is the fame with 
Terra y and has 'her Name from c Cloathing, becaufe 
Plants and Fruits are the Cloathing of the Earth. Or, 
d according to Ovid , the Earth is called Vrfia from its 
Stability, becaufe it fupports itfelf. She fits, tt becaufe 
the Earth is immoveable, and is placed in the Centre 
of the World. Vefla has a Drum, becaufe the Earth 
contains the boifterous Winds in its,-Bofom. And di¬ 
vers Flowers weave themfelves into a Crown, with, 
which her Head is crowned. Several Kinds of Ani¬ 
mals creep about and fawn upon her. Becaufe the 
Earth is round, Vefla'i Temple at Rome was alfo round, 
and fome fay that the Image of Vfla was orbicular in 

S 

t 

* 

3 Virg. 9. JEneid. b Pint. 1. 1 . Prim. frig. c Quod 
pi,intis frugibufque Terra vefliatur. ,J Vefla a viflaiido 

dicitur. 

St at n)i terra fit a Vi ftan do Vefla <vncatar, Ovid. Fall, J. 6, 
By its own Strength fupported Terra Hands : 

Hence it is Vifla nam'd. 

c Van ap. Aug. 7. de Civ. Cicero de Soinno Hccat. 
Milef general, phumutius, 

M 4 fome 


*68 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


fome. Places, but a Ovid fays her Image was rude and 
fhapelefs. And from hence round Tables are anciently 
called ° Vejia , because like the Earth, they fupply all 
ZVecefTaries of Life for us. c It is no Wonder that the' 
fir ft Oblations in all Sacrifices were offered to her, 
fince whatfoever is facrificed fprings from the Earth. 
And the/ 1 Greeks both began and concluded their Sa¬ 
crifices with Vejia ; becaufe they efteemed her the Mo¬ 
ther of all the Gods. 

P. I wifh that you would r.cfolve one Doubt, which 
I ftill have concerning this Goddefs. How can Vejia be 
the fame with t Terra i when nothing is more frequent 
among Mythologifts than to fignify Fire t>y Vejia ? 

M. I perceive I do not deal with a Novice : I will 
fatisfyyour Doubts. There were two Vejla's, the El¬ 
der ana the Younger. The firft, of whom I have been 
fpeaking, was the W’ife of Ccelutn , and the Mother of 
Saturn. 7'he fecond was the Daughter of Saturn by 
his Wife Rhea . And as the .firft is. the fame with Ter¬ 


ra , as I have already faid, fo the other is the fame with 
Ignis : and c her Power was exercifed about Altars and 
Houfes/ The Word Vejia is often put for Fire itfelf, 
for it is derived from a f Greek Word which fignifies a 
Chimney , a Houfe , or Houjhold-goods. 5 She is efteem- 
e'd the Prefident 1 and Guardian of Houfes , and one of the 
Houfhold Deities, not without Reafon; fince fife in¬ 
vented the Art of Building of Houfes : And therefore 
an Image of Vcfa , to which they facrificed every Day, 
was placed before the Doors of the Houfes at Rome 9 


3 nullnm Vefla ncc ignis haqct. Ovid. Faft, 1 . 6. 

No Image Fort’s Shape caa e’er exprefsi 
Or Fire’s-- -* 

t 

b Plutarch, in Sympof. c Horn, in Hymn. * Ap. Lil. 
Gyr. i. Strabo. 

1 c ‘ plujus <vis omnis ad aras II foe os pert i net t Cic. de Nat. 
IDuor. lib. 2. f Dncitur. a Grajco nomine cr»« quod/fc<w<v> 
pe tea fens, do?nttmfignijicat . £ Horn, in Hymn. Virg. /En.2. 

.•fis* Georg, 1. Eugraphiu3 in lAnd. Terent. A&. 4. Sc. 3. 

1 • and 



Of the Gods of the Heathens, 169 

■ 

and the Places where thefe Statues were fet up were 
called Vejlibula from Veft a, 

This Goddefs was a Virgin , a and fo great an Admirer 
of Virginity, that, when 'Jupiter her Brother gave her 
Liberty of aficing what file would, the a/ked, that floe 
might always be a Virgin , and have the Jirft Oblations in all 
Sacrifices, Wherein fhe not only obtained her Defire, 
but received this farther Honour b among the Romans , 
that perpetual Fire was kept in her Temple, amongft the 
facred Pledges of the Empire ; not upon an Altar, or ii> 
the Chimnies, but in earthen Vefiels, hanging in the 
Air, which th zVeJlal Vvgins tended with fo much Care, 
that if by Chance this Fire was e&tinguifhed, all public 
and private Bufinefs was interrupted, and a Vocation pro¬ 
claimed, till they had expiated the unhappy Prodigy with 
incredible Pains. c And if it appears that the Virgins 
were the Occafion of its going out by Carelefnefs, they 
werefeverely puniflied,and fometimes with Rods. Upon 
the Kalends of Marche every Year, though it was not 
extinguifhed, they ufed to renew it, with no other Fire 
than that which was produced by the Rays of the Sun, 
Ovid mentions both the elder and the younger Vejla , 

H in the fixth Book of his Fajii. 


a Arift. 5.I. 2. Arifloph. in Vefpis. b Val. Max. J. c. 4. 
Liv. 5. dec. 1. Vah Max. 1 . 4. c. 4. Pap. Stat, 1 . 4 Syl.3.' 
c Idem. c. 1. Ovid..Fall. 3. 

(i Vejla eadcm e/ 1 , &. Terra : fulejl <vigil ignis utriqiee ? . 
Significant fedun Terra Focujque Juam. 

Vejla and Earth are one, one Fire they Hi are. 

Which does the Centre of them both declare. 

• • 


SECT. II. 

!The Young 


An Explanation of the Fable. 
t Vesta the Vital Heat in 


the Body. 


|7'ROM hence we may conje£Uirc, that when the 

JP Poets fay, that Vejia is the fame with Fire, tile 

terrible, fcorching, blazing Fire of Vulcan' s Forge is 

not 



iyo Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

■ 

* 

not underftood ; nor yet the impure and dangerous 
Flames of Venus , of which we fpalce above 5 but a pure, 
tnimixed benign 'Flame ; fo neceflary for us, that Hu¬ 
man Life cannot poflibly fubilft: without it 3 whofe Heat, 
being diffufed through all the Parts of the Body, quic¬ 
kens, cherifhes, refrefhes, and nourifhes us. A Flame 
really facred , heavenly , and divine \ repaired daily by the 
Food which we eat; on which the Safety and Welfare 
of our Bodies depend. This Flame moves and actu¬ 
ates the whole Body ; and cannot he extinguifhed but 
?when Life itfelf is extinguifhed together with it. And 
then comes a lafting Vacation , and a certain End is put 
to all our Bufinefs in this World. But, if by our own 
Faults it is extinguifhed, we are guilty of our own 
Death, and deferve that our. Memory fhould rot with 
our Bodies in the Grave, and that our Names fhould, 
be entombed with our Carcafes ; which would be an 
AiHicftion no lefs fevere, than was the Punifhment of 
the guilty Vejlal Virgins , who were buried alive. 


CHAP. VII. 

SECT. I. Cybele. Her Image. 


P, T RANGE ! Here is a Goddcfs whofe a Head 

IS crowned with Towers, what means this? Is 
fhe the Goddefs of Cities and Garrifons ? 

M. She is the Goddefs not of Cities only, but of all 
Things which the Earth fuftains. b She is the Earth 
ttfelf: On the Earth are built many Towers and Caftles, 
fo on her Head is placed a Crown of Towers. In her 
Hand flic carries a Key, which, perhaps, you did not 
obferve, c bccaufc in the Winter the Earth locks thofc 


•** Luc. 1. 2 , de Rcgn.- 
• liid. 1, 8. 


h Servius 3. & 10. yEneid. 

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' Of the Gods of the Heathens. xyi 

Treafures up, which he brings forth, and difpenfes 
with fo much Plenty in the Summer. She rides in a 
Chariot, becaufe the Earth hangs fufpended in the Air, 
balanced and poifed by its own Weight. But that Cha¬ 
riot is Supported by Wheels, becaufe the Earth is aw- 
kible Body, and turns round : a and it is drawn by Lions, 
becaufe nothing is fo fierce, fo favage, or fo ungovern¬ 
able, but a motherly Piety and Tendernefs is able to 
tame it, and make it fubmit to the Yoke. I need not 
explain why her b Garments are painted with diverfe 
Colours, and figured with the Images of feveral Crea¬ 
tures, fince every body fees that fuch a Drefs is fuitablc 
to the Earth. 


a Ovid. Fail. 1. 4 . k Martian. Lil. Gyrald. 

SECT. II. Names of Cybell 

P. ¥S then this Goddefs called Terra ? 

X M* No, c file is called Cybcle , and Ops , and 
Rhea, and Dyndyjnena , and Berecynt.bia , and Bona Dca 
(the good Goddcfi) and Ideca^ and Pejfinuntia , and 
Magna Deoriim Mater (the great Mother of the Gods) 
and fometimes alfo Vejta. All theie Names, for differ¬ 
ent Reafons, were given to the fame Goddefs, who was 
the Daughter of Ccclnm , and of the elder Vejia , and 
Saturn’s Wife. 

* t % 

She is called Cybcle , from the Mountain Cybclus in 
Phrygia , where her Sacrifices were inilituted fir ft. Or 
elfe this Name was given her from the Behaviour of her 
Priefts, who ufed c to dance upon their Fields, and tofis 
about their Hair like Madmen, foretelling Things to 
come, and making an houiblc Noife. They were 


c Propertius, 1 . 3. Elcg. 16. tl Stephan us. Strabo. 

c ’Avro T w Kvfiihu.*, id elt, in caput fid tare, Suid. Scrvius in 
3. uEncid. 

named 



ZJ2 Of the Gods o f the Heathens. 

named Galli , and this Fury and Outrage in prophefy- 
irsg is defcribed- by a Lucian in his firfi: Book. 

Others again derive the Word Cyhe/e.fi rom a b Cube; 
becaufe the Cube, which is a Body every Way fquare, 
was dedicated to her by the Ancients. 

She is called c Ops , becaufe fhe brings Help and Af- 
fiflance to every ^Fifing contained in this World, 

Her Name A Rhea is derived from that Abundance 
of Benefits, which, without ceafing, flow from her on 
every Side. 

e Dynclymene and D indy me , is a Name given her from 
the Mountain Dlndymui in Phrygia . 

Virgil calls her f Mater Bcrecynthia , from Berecyn - 
thus, a Cafile in that Country ; and in the fame Place 
deferibes her numerous arid happy Offspring. 

She was by the Greeks called s Pafidoea ; that is, as 
the Romans ufually named her, the Mother of all the 
Gods ; and, from the h Greek Word, fignifying Mo¬ 
ther, her .Sacrifices are named Metroa , and to cele- 


a - : crincjftque rotantes 

3anguineiim Populis idularunt triftia Gaffe, 

Shaking their bloody Treffes, fome fad. Spell 
The Priefts of Cybel to the People yell. 
b *A 7 to ru v.vfiuy Feflus. c Quod opem ferat. d A 
fluo, quod bonis omnibus circumfluat. c Horat, 1, i. Carin'. 

f- qualis Bcrecynthia mater 

Jnvcbilur curru Phrygia? tnrrita per tiroes 
Lrcta Dcitm par in , cent urn complex a nepotes 3 
O mnes cache olds, o nines fuper alia tencnlcs . - ,/Eneid. 6 . 
High as the Mother of the Gods in Place, 

And proud, like her, of an immortal R/ice : 

Then, when in Pomp Hie makes the Phrygian Round, 
With golden Turrets on her Temples crown’d. 

Her Offspring all, and all command the Sky. 

" Pafithca, id eft, vruen omnibus diis mater, 

Hue. 1. 2 . h A fx’, jr»}p> mater, derivant ur Cybclcs 

facra, & ixn iyr/;-siv, facra ca cclebrarc. Ccol. Rhod. 1. viii. 
c v 17 . 


bratc 


Of the Gods of the Heathens , i y 3 

9 

brate them was called Metra%ein y in the fame Lan¬ 
guage * 

Her Name Bona Dea a implies, that all good Things 
neceflary for the Support of Life proceed from her. She 
is alfo called Fauna , b becanfe fhe is faid, to favour all 
Creatures, And Fatua , c becaufe it was thought that 
new-born Children never cried" till they touched the 
Ground. d It is faid, that this Bona Dea was the Wife 
of one.King Faun us ; who beat her with Myrtle Rods 
till fhe died ; becaufe fhe difgraced herfelf, and a<£ted 
very unfuitable to the Dignity of a Queen, by drink¬ 
ing fo much Wine that fhe .became drunk. But the 
King, afterwards repenting of his Severity, deified hi3 
dead Wife, and paid her divine Honours. This is the 
Reafon afligned, why it was forbid, that any one fhould 
bring Myrtle into her Temple. c And, in her Sacrifices* 
the Veflels of Wine were covered; and, when the Wo¬ 
men drank out of them, they called it Milk, not Wine, 
f The Modeffy of this Goddefs was fo extraordinary, 
that no Man ever favv her except her Hufband ; or 
fcarce heard her Name; wherefore her Sacrifices were 
performed in private, s and all Men were excluded from 
the Temple. From the great Privacy ohferved by her 
Votaries, the Place in which her Sacrifices were per¬ 
formed was called h Opertum , and the Sacrifices them . 
felves were Riled 5 Opertanea , and for the fame Reafon 
Pluto is by the Poet's called k Operius. Silence was ob- 



3 Bona quod omnium nobis nd vidlum honor, m caufa fit, 
fabeo ap. Lil. Syntag. 4. p. 143. b Fauna quod animan- 
tihus favor c dicatur. c Patna a fando , qu6d infantes non 
prius vocem cmittere credcrentur quani terram ip (am atii- 
giflout. d Sext. Clod. apud. La&ant. c i lut. in Probl. 
1 Ju\ c.ial. Sat. 9. 

t Sacra Bonn' war thus no?i aJrunda Dea:, 


No Men admitted were to Cy A Yds Rites. Fib 
h L'io. 1. ad Action in, So in Paradox. 1 PI in 1. 
k Fo/,k du/no; Styjjias, arc an an no Diiis Ofcrti. 


1 . Ehf r 6 , 

10. c. 56. 


ferved 




* 

Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


ferved in a moft peculiar Manner in the Sacrifices d of 
Bona Dea, as it was in a !efs Degree in all other Sacri¬ 
fices, according to the Do&rine of the Pythagoreans 
and Egypt tans, who e taught that Qod was to be wor« 
fhipped in Silence ; becaufe from thence, at the firft 
Creation, all Things took their Beginning. To the 
fame Purpofe, Plutarch fays, f Men were our Mafieri 
to teach us to fpeak , but zve learn Silence from the Gads, 
From thefe zv'e learn to hold our Peace , in their Rites and 
. Initiations . 

She was called s Jdaa Mater, from the Mountain Ida 
in Phrygia , or Crete , for file was at both Places highly 
honoured : As alfo at Rome , whither they brought her 
from the City Peffinus in Galatia , by a remarkable Mi¬ 
racle. For when the Ship in which (he was carried, 
flopped in the Mouth of Tiber , the Veflal Claudia 
(whofe fine Drefs and free Behaviour made her Mo- 
defty fufpe&ed) eafily drew the Ship to Shore with her 
Girdled, where the Goddefs was received by the Hands 
of Virgins, and the Citizens went out to meet her, 
placing Confers with Frankincenfe before their Doors; 
and, when they had lighted the Frankincenfe, they 
prayed that file would enter freely into Rome , and be 
favourable to it. And becaufe the Sibyls had pro- 
phefied, that Idata Metier fhould be introduced by the bejl 


To hear Hell’s fecret Counfels, and to know 
Dark Pluto's Rites and My lb rics below. Lucian . 1 . 6. 

** Hinc mater cultrix C'ybclc , Cory bant iaqtic ara f 
Jdotampic nemus : bine Jida Jikntia j'acris , 

Et fundi cur rum Dominecfullerc Leo tics. JEneitl. 1 . 3, 

Hen- Cybclc , • the Mother of the Gods, 

With tinkling Cymbals charm’d th’ Ida an Woods. 

She fee ret Rites and Ceremonies taught. 

And to the Voice the lavage Lions brought. 

0 Ap De la Cerda in iEncid. 3. f Loqucndi magiflros 
homines habemus, Uicendj Deos : ab illis filcniiuni ncci- 
pientes in inuiationibus & mylteriis, Plut. de Loquac. 
K. Luc. 1 . Zm 


Of the Gods of-the Heathens. ijg 

Man among, the Romans. . "The Senate a zua.s a little bttfed 
to pafs a ■ 'Judgment in the Cafe , and refolve , who zuas 
the heft Man in the City . For every one zuas ambi¬ 
tious to get the Victory in a Difpute oft that Nature \ arid 
more than if they food to be defied to any Commands or bid- 
notirs by the Voices either of the Senate or People, fit laf 
the Senate refolved that P. Sclpio, the So?j of that Cneus 
who was killed in Spain, a young Gent lemon who had never 
yet been Quaker, was the beft Man in the whole City. 

She was called Peffinuntia , b from a certain Field in 
Phrygia , into which an Image of her fell from Hea¬ 
ven ; from which Fall *•' the Place was called Pefjihus , 
and the Goddefs. Peffinuntia. And in this Place firft 
the Phrygians began to celebrate the Sacrifices Orgia to 
this God dels, near the River Gallus , from whence her 
Priefts were called d Gcilli: as I {ball tell you, after 
I have ob'ferved, that, when thefe Priefis defired that 
a great Refpedl and Adoration Ihould be paid to any 
Thing, they pretended that it fell from Heaven; and 
they called thofe Images At owst?, [Diopeteft\ that is, 
fent from Jupiter, Of which Sore were the c Ancile^ 
the Palladium , and the Effigies of this Goddefs, con¬ 
cerning which we now fpeak. 

• • 

. . . . . , lMl — ^ — » —. . ■ — - . - . , ■ « , 

\ 

a Haud parvrc rei judicium fenatum tenebat, qui vh; 
opiimus in civitatc cflet; verum certc vidtoriam ejus rei 
fibi quifque mallet, quam ullaimpcria, honorofve, AifFragio 
feu Patrum, feu Plcbis, dclatos. Pat res Confcripti P.. 
Scipionem Cnei filium ejus qui in HiJpania occidcbnt, 
adolefccntem, nondum Qureftorem, judicavcrunt in tota. 
civitate virum optimum die. b tlefiod .1.1. C U 7 I 0 Ty 
ulpuV, ii cadendo, <l Peitus. d Herod. 1 . t. 


SECT. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


SECT. III. 


# * 

The Sacrifices of Cybele, 


■T T T ER Sacrifices, like the Sacrifices of Bacchus , 
JtJ a were celebrated with a confufed Noife of Tim¬ 
brels, Pipes, and Cymbals ; and the Sacrificants howled^ 
as if they were mad ; they profaned both the Temple 
of their Goddefs, and the Ears of their .Hearers, with 
their filthy Words and Actions. The following Rite3 
were peculiarly obferved in her Sacrifices : h Her Tem¬ 
ple was opened not by Hands, but by Prayers : None 
entered who had tafted Garlick : The*Priefts facrificed 
to her, fitting, and touching the Earth, and offered the 
Hearts of the Victims. And, laftly, among the Trees, 
the Box and the Pine were facred to her. Th e Box, 
becaufe the Pipes ufed in her Sacrifices were made of 
3t: c 'The Pine, for the Sake of Atys , Attes , or Attines , 
a Boy that Cybele much loved, and had made him Pre¬ 
sident of her Rites, upon Condition that he always 
preferved his Chaftity inviolate. But he forgot his 
Vow and loft that Virtue. d Wherefore the offend¬ 
ed Goddefs threw him into fuch a Madnefs, that he 
emafculated himfelf; (though c Lucian fays that Cybele 
did it) and, when he was about to lay violent Hands 
upon hirnfelf, ihe, in Pity, turned him into a Pine . 

But take Notice that there was a true Atys , the Son 
of Crcefus King of Lydia . He was born dumb : But 
when he faw in the Fight a Soldier at his Father’s Back, 
with a Sword lifted up to. kill him, the Strings of his 
Tongue, which hindered his Speech, burft; and, by 
fpeaking clearly, he prevented his Father’s Deftruftion. 


1 

a Apulci. 8. Metam. Claud. 2. deRaptu. b Serv, in 6. 
^Bncicl, A then. ap. Lil. Gyrald. p. 143. Lil. Gyrald. Syntu 
4. p. 143. L aft ant. p. in 8. Theb. c Scrv. in Aineid. 
11 Auguft. 7. de CivitateDei. c Lucian, dc Dea Syra. 


SECT. 




SECT. IV. ^The Priejts <?/ Cvbele. 


I a Juft now told you, that her Priefls were called 
Gall'll from a River of Phrygia of that .Name : 
Such v/as the Nature of the Water of that River, that 
v/hofocver drank of it immediately grew mad to fuch 
a Degree as to geld hirnfelf. This is certain, di.it the 
Galli were c aft rated, and from thence called Semivin : 
As often as they facrificed, they furioufty cut and flafh- 
ed their Arms with Knives ; and thence all furious and 
mad People were called Gallanies . b Befides the Name 
of Gallic they were alfo called Curctes , Corybanics , Pel- 
chines , Cabiri , and Idat Dattyli. Some fay, that thcfe 
Priefts were different from the Galli \ but, becaufe 
moft People believe them to be the fame, and fay that 
they were all Priefts of Cybeie , therefore I will fpeak 
fomething of each of them. 

The Cnretes were either Cretans? or AEtolians , or Eu- 
bosans , and had their Names, from c Shaving j fo that 
Cnretes and Detonji fignify almoft the fame Thing. For 
they fhaved the Hair of their Heads before, but wore 
Hair behind, that they might not be taken (as it has 
often happened) by the Forelocks, by the Enemy; or, 
perhaps, they were called Curetes , ,l becaule they were 
habited in long Veils, like young Maidens j or, laftly, 
c becaufe they educated Jtipiter in his Infancy. 

Her Priefts were alio called Cory bant es $ becaufe, in 
the Sacrifices of their Goddefs, they toiled their Heads 
and danced, a nd butted with' their Foreheads like Rams, 
after a mad Fafliion. Thus, when they initiated any 


n Lil. Gyr. p. 141 

Callus. 


b Vart*. apud Nonn. in verbo 


■—■ - — ■ J | * • - — 1 

'aftus. c 'jWo a ton fit ra Curctes dicchantur. 

’A? ro K Arou a puella quod puellarum fiolain imluebitijr. 

* ’Attp rric, vopxtpiot:, ab educatione juvemnn, ijuod Joveiu 
infuntem aluifle perhibentur. Strabo. 



on 3 


jyS Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

one in their Sacrifices, a they placed him in a Chair, 
and danced about him like Fools. 

Another Name of her Priefls was < Telchines . ThWe 
were famous Magicians and Enchanters \ and they came 
from Crete to Cyprus , and thence into Rhodes , which 
latter Ifland was called 'Telchincs from them. b Or, if 
we believe others, they were deferring Men, and in¬ 
vented many Arts for the Good of the Publick : For, 
they firft fet up the Statues and the Images of the Gods. 

The Cahirt^ or Caber /', fo called from Cabiri, Moun¬ 
tains of Phrygia , c were either the Servants of the Gods, 
or Gods themfelves, or rather Damons, or the fame 
with the Coryhantes \ for. People’s Opinions concern¬ 
ing them arc different. 

'Flie Idai Dadlyli 11 were the Servants arid AJJtftanU 
of Magna Mater , called Idas from the Mountain Ida , 
where they lived ; and DaEtylt c from the Fingers j 
for thefe Priefts were ten, like the Fingers : f They 
ferved Rhea every-where, and in every Thing, as if 
they were Fingers to her . s Yet many affirm, that 
there were more than ten. 


:l ’a 7*0 tb acornibus feriendo, & @:ductv inccdcn- 

do, Strabo. 1. i. Plato in Euthid. h Strabo ibid. c klcm 
ibid. l] Sophocl. apud. Lil. Gyr. Digitienim Grace di- 
cuntur 3&tTtAoi. f Jul. Pol. 1 . i. s Strabo. Diod. ap. Gyr. 


C H A P. VIII. 

SECT, I, Ceres, Her Image. 



P. O U have faid enough, dear Sir, of Cybcle ; pray 

tell me, who that tall majeftick Lady is, that 
Hands there, f ‘ beautified with yellow Hair, and crown- 


h Ovid. 4. Fall. Arnobius 5. contra Gcntcs, Martian. 

1. de Nupt. 

cd 


Aw f 




PI xw. 





































Of the Gods of the "Heathens. jyg 

_ _ 

ed with a Turbant com poled of die Ears of Corn ; her 
Bofom fwells widi Breafts as white as Snow. Her 
Right-hand is filled with Poppies and Ears of Corn, 
and in her Left is a lighted Torch. 

9 

SECT. II. ft be Explication of the Image. 

w 

9 

Mf TT T is Ceres , my Palecophilus , 3 the Daughter of 
JL Satur?i and Ops ; whole lingular Beauty made 
the Gods themfelves her Lovers and Admirers. Her 
Brothers Jupiter and Neptune fell in Love with her, and 
debauched her : b She had Profcrpina by Jupiter ; and 
by Neptune it is uncertain whether fhe had a Daughter 
or a Horfe : For, c as feme lay, when fhe avoided the 
Purfuits of Neptune , who followed her, fhe cafl her- 
felf among a Drove of Mares, and immediately put on 
the Shape of a Mare ; which Neptune , perceiving, he 
made himfelf a Horfe ; and from her he begat the 
Horfe Avion . d Ovid himfelf is of this Opinion : And 
from hence I fuppofe the Story comes, which c Paufa - 
mas relates. Upon the Mountain Adieus in Arcadia , an 
Altar was dedicated to Ceres ; her Image had the Body 
of a Woman, but the Head of a Horfe ; it remained 
intire and unhurt in the Midft of Fire. Yet others 
have told us, that Ceres did not bring forth a Horfe, 
but a Daughter : f The Arcadians thought it a wicked 
Thing to call this Daughter by any other Name 


a Hefiod. in Thcogon. b Jdcm ibid. c Procl. in 
Georg. Virg. 

11 Et tc, jla<va capiasfrugtan mitifftma mater 9 
Seii/it cqnum - 

The Gold-hair’d gentle Goddefs Ceres knew . 

Thee in a Ho rib’s Shape. 
c Paufanias in Arcad. 

{ Paufanias in Arcad, 

N 2 than 


180 Of the Gods of the Ileathens. 

a 

* V 

than a the Lady , or the Great Goddejs , which were the 
ufual Names of her Mother Ceres . 

Ceres was greatly afhamed of this Difgrace : She ex¬ 
ceedingly lamented the Lofs of her Honour, and telfi- 
fied her Sorrow by the Mourning Cloatbs, which af¬ 
terwards fhe wore (whence (he was named Ma/,zna } 
M &x f v<x 9 nigra:) She retired into the dark Receives of 
a Cave, where fhe lay fo privately that none of the 
■-Gods knew where fhe was, till Pan the God of the 
Woods difcovered her by Chance, and told Jupiter ; 
who, fending the Fates to her, perfuaded her at: laft 
to lay afide her Grief and rife out of the Cava , which 
was a happy and joyful Thing for all the World. For, 
in her Abfence, a' great Infection reigned throughout 
all Sorts of living Creatures, which fprang from the 
'Corruption of the Fruits of the Earth, and the Gra¬ 
naries every-where. 

P. But why were the Fruits of the Earth corrupted 
in her Abfence ? 

___ % J * • ‘ 

lid. W hy ? Do you not know that fhe" is the Goddejs 

of the Fruits 3 and that, her very Name is derived b from 
her Care, in producing or preferving the Fruits of the 
Earth ? And, have you not heard that fhe firft invented 
and taught the Art of tilling the Earth, and fowing 
Corn, and all Pulfe (except Beans) and of making 
Bread therewith, whereas before they only cat Acorns? 
This you may learn from c Ovid , who tells us that 
Ceres was the firft that made Laws, provided wholc- 
fome Food, and taught the Art of Hufbandry, of Plow¬ 
ing and Sowing : For, before her Time, the Earth lay 


« 


« * 

i 




V 


a Atoirowa Domina, & Magna Dea. b Cere j 
uafi Ceres a ge rend is frn&ibus : Aut quafi Sere 


vs dicitur 

quail Uercs a gercnciis irnttibus : Aut quaii Serous vcl ab 
antiquo Verbo Coro, qu6d idem eft ac Crco, quod 
cumftnrum frugum creatrix fit Sc altrix. Cicero 2. do Nat, 
Deorum. Matcn. cle prof. Rel. c. 18. Scaliger Sc Scrvius 
in 1. Georg. Callimach. Hymn, in Cercrcm. 
c Plin, 7. c. 50. 

rough 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. i 8 i 

rough and uncultivated, covered with Briars, and un¬ 
profitable Plants; where there were no Proprietors of 
Land, they negledted to cultivate it; when no-body 
had any Ground of his own, they did not a care to Bx 
Land-marks: But all Things were common to all 
Men, till Ceres , who had invented the Art of Hufban- 
dry, taught Men how to exercife it"; and then they be¬ 
gan to contend and difpute about the Limits of thofe 
Fields, from whofe Culture they reaped fo much Pro¬ 
fit: And from hence it was necefiary that Laws fhould 
be ena£ted to determine the Rights and Properties of 
thofe who contended. P'or this Reafon Ceres was 
named the h Found refs of Laws. 

P. I underfland now the Meaning of her Crown 
made of Coi n ; but yet I do not fee what that Handful 
of Popples fignifies. 

M I will explain the Signification of that alfo in 
its Place ; but firft let me fpealc of fo trie other Things. 

As, i. She is beautiful and well-fhaped, becaufe the 
Eart)i, which fhe refembles, appears beautiful and de¬ 
lightful to the Beholders ; efpecially when it is array¬ 
ed with Plants, diverfified with Trees, adorned with 
Flowers, enriched with Fruits, and covered with 
Greens; when it difplays the Honours of the Spring, 
and pours forth the Gifts of Autumn with a bountiful 

Hand. 


a Prhna Ceres unco glebam dimowit aratro. 

Prime dedit fruges cilimentaque initio, terns, 

Prhna dedit leges. Cereris funt omnia imams. 

Ceres was flic who firft our Furrows plough’d : 

Who gave fweet Fruits, and eafy Food allow’d. 

Ceres firft tam’d us with her gentle Laws, 

From her kind Hand the World Subfiilance draws. 
Aut Jignare quidem , out partiri limite campum. 

Or to make Land-marks, or to balk their Fields 
b Lcgifera, & Greece ; cjufquc facra dicebantur 

§*T(to(po(ttce. : Vocabatur etiam Ceres Av)(ay} > quail 
id ell, Terra Mater. Virg. Mn. 3. & Scrvius ibid. 

N 3 2. Her 


1 





id z Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

2. Her Hair is yellow , and when the Ears of Cora 
are ripe, they are adorned with that golden Colour. 

3. Her Breads (well with Milk ( a whence fhe is (filed 
Mammofa fometimes) 6 becaufe after the Earth is im¬ 
pregnated wiih Seed, and big with the Fruits thereof, 
it brings forth all Things out of itfelf in Abundance, 
and, like a Mother, feeds and nourishes us $ whence 
file is called c Alma , and ,l Altrix nojlra. 

4. She holds a lighted Torch ; becaufe, when Pro* 
ferpirn was ftolen away by Plato , her Mother c Ceres 
was greatly afRi£led at the Lofs of her Daugher, and 
being very defirous to find her again, {he kindled her 
Torches (they fay) with the Flames, which burfl: from 
the Top of the Mountain JEtna ; and with them fought 
her Daughter through the whole World. 

5. She carries Poppy; becaufe, when through Grief 
fhe could not obtain the lead: Reft or Sleep, Jupiter 
gave her Poppy to eat: f For, they fay, this Plant is 
endued with a Power to create Sleep and Forgetful- 
nefs. Her Grief was a little allayed by Sleep, but fhe 
forgot not her Lofs, and, after many Voyages and 
Journeys, {he at laft heard where Profcrpina was, as 
you will hear in its proper Place. 

P. But what is that young Man that fits in a 
Chariot drawn by flying Serpents ? 

A'l. It is ‘Triptolemus , in the Chariot which Cera 
gave him. He was the Son of Eleuflus , or Ceres , a 
Nobleman. Ceres brought him up from his Infancy, 
upon this Occafion: W’hilft fhe fought Proferpina by 
Sea and Land, s upon the Way fhe came into the City 
Eleufts , where the Father of Triptolemus entertained 
her ; whofc Kindnefs fhe requited, by breeding up his 



a Lil. Gyral. Synt. 14. b Cicero 2. Sc 3. de Nat, 
pcor. c Virgil. 1. Georg. d t iccro dc Nat. Deor. 2. 
c Cicero in Verrem f Serv. in. 1. Geonr. 

R Callimachus in livmuis Cercris. 


& 


I 


young 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 183 

young Son, whom in the Day-time fhe fed a with ce- 
jc/iial and divine Milk , but in the Night covered him 
all over with Fire. The Child In a few Days became 
a beautiful young Man, by this extraordinary Manner 
of Education ; infomuch that his Father, greatly won¬ 
dering at this fpeedy Progrefs, was very defirous to 
Jcnow how Ceres dealt with his Son 5 he therefore 
looked through a fmall Hole, and faw Ceres cover his 
Son Triptolemus with burning Coals. This affrighted 
him fo, that he cried out, that Ceres was murdering 
his Son, wherefore he ran into the Room to fave 
him. Ceres punifhcd his imprudent Curiofity with 
Death ; then putting ‘Triptolemus in the Chariot that 
you fee, (he fcnt him throughout the World to fhew 
Mankind the Ufe of Corn. He executed her Com¬ 
mands fo faithfully, and taught Men the Art of Huf- 
bandry, or Sowing and Reaping, and of threfhing the 
Corn fo well, that he obtained his Name b "Triptolemus 
from thence. c Ovid gives us an excellent Defcrip- 
tion hereof in the End of the Fifth Book of his Meta - 
morphojis. 


a Scrvxus in Georg. 1. b Triptolemus dicitur quail 
t^y id ell, hordeum terens. Hygin. fab. 147. 

c-. Qcminos deafertilis angues 

Curribus admovit , franifque ccircuit ora, 

Et medium ccvli terrtvquc per a'cra ajcdia ejl . 

Atque lcavern cttrrum Tritonida i?iifit in arccm 
Triptolcmo ; partimque ritdi data fcmina jtiffit 
Spargerc bttmo , partim pofl ten ip or a longa recall a . 

Ceres her Chariot mounts : Yok’d Dragons Hand, 

Tame and obedient to her gentle Hand : 

With flretch’d-out Wings, thro’ yielding Air they fly, 
Till Ceres fends her Chariot from the Sky, 

To good Triptolemus , her Athenian Friend ; 

Triptolemus, whofe ufcful Cares intend 

The common Good : Seed was the Chariot’s Load, 

Which flic on him for publick Ufe bellow’d: 

Parc Iho for fallow Fields new plough’d dcftgn’d. 

And Part for Land by frequent Tilth refin’d 

N 4. 


P, But 


184 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

P But what Evet is that near the Wheel of Ceres's 
Chariot ? for I fancy I fee an Evet there. 

Af. That Creature was once a Boy, whom Ceres , for 
his Malapertnefs, changed into a little Bead like a Li¬ 
zard. For when Ceres was very weary with Tiavelling, 
and thirfty, flic came to a Cottage, and begged little 
.Water to wafh her Mouth, of an old Woman that lived 
there : The old Woman not only gave her Water, but 
alfo Barley-broth ; which when the Goddefs fupped up 
greedily, the Woman’s Son Stellio , a faucy Boy, mocked 
her. This raifed Ceres's Anger fo far, that, in a Rage, 
(he flung fome of the Broth into the Boy’s Face, a who 
was thereby changed into an Evet or Newt. 

But do you fee the Man rolling himfelf upon the 
Ground, and tearing and eating his own Flefb ? 

P . I obferve him : What is his Name, and why is 
he fo cruel to himfelf? 

M. They call him Eriftchthon . In Contempt of the 
Sacrifices of Ceres , he defiled her Groves, and cut down 
one of her Oaks; for which he was punifhed with per¬ 
petual Hunger : So that, when he has devoured all the 
Meat and Food which he can by any Ways procure, 
he is forced to eat his own Flcfh to fupport his own 
Body ; and to bring upon himfelf an horrible Death, 
the better to fuftain his Life. 


.A • 1 .1 *_• • . A* £ 


a Fugit anum , latclramqiicpetit, aptumquc colori 
Nomai babety <variis Jielicit us corpora guttis . 

Flies the old Wife, and creeps into a Hole, 

And from his fpeckled Back a Name lie gets. 

SECT. III. The Sacrifices of Ceres. 

A MONG all the Cerealia , or Sacrifices inftitu- 

ced to the Honour of Ceres , thefe which follow 
are the chief; Elcufinia (by which b Name the God- 

l> Paufan. in Atticis. 

dels 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. i8\j 

a 

defs herfelf was alfo known) were Co called, becaufe 
they were firft celebrated in the City Elcufis . Of thefe 
were two Sorts ; the Major a , confecrated to Ceres, and 
the Minora to Proferpina , a It was a Cuftom, that 
thofe who were initiated in the Major a , never pulled 
off the Cloaths, which they then wore* till they fellofF 
in Rags. b In both the Major a and Minora , a perpe¬ 
tual and wonderful Silence was kept: To publifh any 
Thing concerning them was a Crime ; whence came 
the Proverb concerning fiUnt Perfons , 'AtUxcl 'EXzvo-U'ix. 
[, Attica Eleufinia] and the Word Myjlerhtm fignifies a 
religious Rlie from Mvu, [Mi/o] os claudo . Lighted 
Torches were ufed in their Sacrifices, c becaufe Ceres , 
with them, fought Proferpina \ and, up and down the 
Streets and the Highways, they cried out Profeypina , 
till they had filled all Places with their difmal Bowl¬ 
ings. Games were celebrated in thefe Sacrifices, in 
which the Vigors d were honoured with a Barley Crown. 

The c c ThcJ)nophoria were inftituted by Triptoiemus\ 
and thofe Womm, who vowed perpetual Chaffity, 
were initiated iu them. For fome Days a Faff was 
kept; and Wine was f altogether banifhed from her 
Altar ; whence this Expreflion came Cereri nuptias fa- 
cere, which (among the Ancients) fignifies a Feaft 
where there was no Wine. Swine were facrificed to 
this Goddefs, s becaufe they hurt the Fruits of the 


a Plut. in Dcmetrio. b Ariffoph. in Pluto. c Seneca 
1 . 7, Nat. Qurcff c. 31. 

<! Noflurnjque Ilccatc trlviis ululata per urles . 

Aineid. vide Servium* 
And He calc by Night ador’d with Shrieks. 
e Pindar, in Iflhm. r Pliny, 1 . 24. Servius in AEneid,3. 

£ Priam Ceres (widec ga-vjh cjl fanguine porc<r y 

Vita ft as merit a cede noccntcs epes . Ovid. Faff. 1 . I, 

Ceres with Blood of Swine we beff atone. 

Which thus requite the Mifchicis they have done. 

Earth. 


3 86 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

Earth. And Garlands, a compofed of Ears of Corn, 
were offered to her. 

Ambarvalia were militated to purge the Fields, and 
to beg Fruirfulnefs and Plenty. They were fo called, 
b becaufe the Sacrifices were led about the Fields ; as the 
Suburbs [ Amlurbium ] were efteemed facred ; becaufe 
the Sacrifice was carried round the City. Thefe Sacri¬ 
fices were performed by Hufbandmen, c who carried a 
Sow big with young, or a Cow-calf, through the Corn 
and the Hay, in the Beginning of Harveft, thrice ; the 
Countrymen following him with Dancing, and Leap¬ 
ing, and Acclamations of Joy, till all the Fields rung 
with the Noife. In the mean Time, one of them, a- 
dorned with a Crown, fung the Praifes of Ceres ; and af¬ 
ter they had offered an Oblation of Wine mixed with 
Honey and Milk, before they began to reap, they fa- 
crificed the Sozv to her. (1 The Rites of thefe Ambar¬ 
valia are beautifully deferibed by Virgil. 

C H A P. 

■ i ■■ - ■ ■ — . - * ——-- 

a Fla*va Ceres , tibi Jit- noftro dc rare corona 
Spicea , quee tempii pendeat ante fores . Tibullus. 

To thee, fair Goddefs, we’ll a Garden plait 
Of Ears of Corn, t’adom thy Temple Gate. 
b Quod vidtima ambirct arva : Serv. in i. Georg. 
c Virg. 3. Eel. 

d Cun St a tibi Cercrem pubes agrcflis a do ret ; 

Cut tu ladle fa^voSy & mitz diluc Baccho , 

Jerque novas dr cum felix cat bojliafruges ; 

Oinnis qttam chorus O’ foe it comitentur ov antes , 

. Et Cercrem cl amove njoccnt in t eft a ; ncque ante 
F ale cm matures qujquam fupponat arijlis , 

Quam Cereriy tort a redimitus tempora qitcrcu, 

Del mot us ivcompofitoSy & car min a dicat . 

Let every Swain adore her Power divine, 

And Milk and Honey mix v\ith fparkling Wine; 

Let all the Choir of Clowns attend this Show, 

In long Proccfiion fhouting as they go; 

Invoking her to blefs their yearly Stoics, 

Inviting Plenty to their crowned Floors. 


Thus 


Fi. xvnr. 
























































































- 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. t 2 y 

Thus in the Spring, and thus in Summer’s Heat* 
Before the Sickles touch the rip’ning Wheat, 

On Ceres call, and let the lab’ring Hind 
With Oaken Wreaths his hollow Temples bind: 

On Ceres let him call, and Ceres praife. 

With uncouth Dances, and with Country-Lays. 



CHAP- IX. 

SECT- I- Ike Muses, Their Image. 

What Beauty, what Sv/eetncfs, what Elegance 
is here ! 

A/. You mean in thefe nine Virgins , a that are 
crowned with Palms ; Do you not ? 

P. Certainly. How plcafamly and kindly they 
fmilel How decent and becoming is their Drefsl E,Jow 
handfbmely do they fit together in the Shade of that 
Laurel Arbour! How Ikilfully fome of them play om 
the Harp, fome upon the Cittern, fome upon the Pipe, 
fome upon the Cymbal, and fome barmonioufly fing 
and play at once ! Methinks I hear them with united 
Minds, Voice and Hands, make an agreeable Concord 
arifmg from their different Inftiurnenta, governing their 
feveral Voices in fuch a Manner, that they make the 
mod noble Harmony, whole pleating Charms, entering 
into my Ears, ravifh mv Mind with Pleafurc. 

' M . They are the Mu fey u the Miftrcfles of all the 
Sciences, the Prcfidcnts of the Ahtfuimn and Pacts ; 
and the Governors of the Fcafts and Solemnities of thp 
Gods. c Jupiter begat them of the Nymph Mncmofyne , 
who afterwards brought them forth upon the Moun¬ 
tain Fierius t Some affirm that they had other Parents, 

i ♦ 


:l Corint. apud Lil. Gyrald p. 560. Orph. in Hymn. 
Muf. 5) Hcfiod, in 'f Iicog. c Tswtzcs ChiL 6. 

Hill, jo- 


5 


and 


188 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

and a ancient Writers fay, that they lived before Ju« 
filer , and were the Daughters of Coelu?n. The\ are 
called the Daughters of Jupiter and Mnernofyne (which, 
in Greek , fignifies Memory) becaufe all Students and 
Scholars ought not only to have great Ingenuity, but 
ready Memories. 



a Muf. ap. Lil. Gyn 

SECT. II. The Names of the Muses. 

T H E Mufes , or Mufa, were formerly called Mo- 
Jes> and were fo named from a a Greek Word, 
that fignifies to enquire \ becaufe Men, by enquiring of 
them, learn the Things of which they were before 
ignorant. But others fay, they had their Name from 
b their Refemklance , becaufe there is a Similitude, and 
an Affinity and Relation betwixt all the Sciences ; in 
which they agree together, and are united with one 
another. Wherefore the Mufes are often painted with 
their Hands joined, dancing in a Ring 5 in the Middle 
of them fits Apollo , their Commander and Prince. The 
Pencil of Nature deferibed them in that Manner upon 
the Agate which Pyrrhus , who made War againft the 
Romans , wore in a Ring. For in it was a Reprefenta- 
tion of the Nine Mufes , and Apollo holding a Harp; and 
thefe Figures were not delineated by Art, but bv the 
c fpontaneous Handy-work of Nature; and the Veins 
of the Stone were formed fo regularly, that every Mufc 
had her particular Diftin£lion. 



a ^A7ro r S patron, id eft, ab inquirendo. Plato in Cratylo, 

b Mdcraiy quail opo^ovaoc)^ id ell, iimiles, Cafliodor. c Plin. 
h 37. c. ?. 




SECT, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


189 


i 

+ 

t 

\ 


i l 

I# 


1 

4 

0 

I 


I: 


SECT III. : The proper Names of the Muses. 

Pf f T . HAT were the proper Names of each of the 

V ^ MuJ'es ? 

. M. Thev Kul each of them a Name derived from 

4 

fome particular Accnmpliihment of their Minds or 
Bodies. 

The Fuff, Calliope, was fo ‘"ailed a Jr cm the Sivect- 
mJs of her Voices fl~< prefidrs over Rhetotuk , and is 
cltcemed the mofl excellent of all the Tv me. 

!'h< Se'*‘uid, Clio-) is fo named from b Glory. For 
file \< the Htjlorual Mufe, and t.-kos her Name from 
the Famcufncjs of the Things fhe records. 

The Third, Erato , has her Name c fn:n Love , be- 
caufe file Tings ot Amours ; or bccaulc learned Men 
are beloved and prat fed by others. She is alfo called 
Saltatrix ; fo** file fir ft invented the Art of Dancing, 
over which (lie prefided. She was alfo the JnveiUrefs 
of Poetry. 

The Fourth, Thalia , from fl her Gaiety , Bri/knefs , 
PLafantry ; bwaufe (he lings pleafantly and wan¬ 
tonly. Some afuibe to her the Invention of Comedy, 
others of Geometry. 

The Fifth, Melpomene, from c the Excellency of her 
Song, and the Melody fie makes when /hefings. She is 
Juppofed to prefidr over Tragedy , and to have invented 

Sonnets. 

The Sixth, Terpftchore , has her N,ame from f the 
Pleafnrc foe takes in Dancing, hecaufe file delights in 
Balls. Some call her Cithariflrio . 


• \ KX/w 07 T%u ii fuavitaie vocis. b aTo 

ii Gloria fc. rerum geftarum qnas memorat. Schol. Ajp. L 
C ’Ani too ab amove. Ovid, de Arte. 1 . 2. 11 ’Awi • f 

id ell, vircrc, gcrminarc, & fiorere Proc. in Hc- 
fiod. *= ii fA.i'.vyM, cantor & modulor, vcU*wo too i^sSb 
Bin., conccntum facere. f ’A7rs rtQ'/rnv ro>s t l u0 “ 


Chords delcttctur. 


The 




I go Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

'The Seventh* Euterpe , or Euierpia , from a the Swat* 
nsfs of her Singing* Some call her Tibi etna 3 becaufo, 
according to them, file prefides over the Pipes: And 
fome fay, Logick was invented by her. 

'The Eighth, Polyphymnia , or Polymnia , or Polymncta , 
from b for excellent Memory : and iherefore the Inven- 
tion of writing Hiftory is attributed to her 3 which re¬ 
quires a good Memory. It was owing to her, c That 
the Song jlers add, to the Verfes that they Jtng , Hands and 
Fingers , which /peak more than the Tongue 3 cxprejjive 
Silence 3 <2 Language util It out Words 3 injhort , Gejlure and 

A ft ion* 

The Ninths 11 Urania, was fo called either becaufe 
fhe fings of divine Things ; or becaufe, through her 
Afliftance, Men are praifed to the ; or becaufe, 
by the Sciences, they become converfant in the Con¬ 
templation of Things GelefliaL 

Babufius, a modern Poet, has comprised the Names 
of thefe nine Mufes in a ° Diftich : That is, he has 
made the nine Mufes to ft and, which is fomething 
ftrange, but upon eleven Feet. Perhaps you will re¬ 
member their Names better, when they are thus joined 
together in two Verfes. 


a Ab cJ jucunda nempe in conccntu. . b a tro?d; 

multus, St fjuiiu incmoria. c Pint, in Sympof. quod car- 
minibus additte lint Orcheftrarum loquacifllmrc manus, lin- 
guofi digit!, iilentiuui claxnofum, expofitio tacita, uno verbo 
geflus & a6lio. d ‘A?ro t« hp&ra, a Ccclo. 

c Calliope, Pcly?nm:ia, Erato, ■ lio , atquc Thalia, 
"Melpomene, Euterpe, Tcrjftcborc, Urania, Bahuf. 4. Fpig. s . 


SECT. IV. 


Navies 


M 


P.X 1 ST H AT Names have the Mufes common to 


w them all ? 

M, The moft remarkable are. 


lie !i co nidi's. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . igx 

Hellcollides * or Heliconiades y from the Mountain He¬ 
licon in Bosotia. 

Parnajfides , from the Mountain Parnajfus in Phocis , 
which has two Pleads ; a where if any Perfon flept, he 
prefently became a Poet. It was anciently called Lar - 
naffhs , from Larnace , the Ark of Deucalion , which reli¬ 
ed here, and was named Parnajfus , after the Flood, 
from an Inhabitant of this Mountain fo called. 

Cither ides or Citlnriacles , from the Mountain Cithe- 
ron , where they dwelt. 

Aonidcs , from the Country Aonia. 

Pier ides , or Fieri a, b from the Mountain Pier us , or 
Pieria , in Thrace-, or from the Daughters of Pierius 
and Anippe ; who, daring to contend with the Mufes , 
were changed into jPp?r. 

Pegafides and Hippocrcnides , from the famous Foun¬ 
tain Helicon, which, by the Greeks is called c Hippo - 
rrew, and, by the Latins , d Caballinus , both which 
Words fignify the HoriVs Fountain : It was alfo named 
Pcgafcius, from Pegafus the zuinged Plorfe , e who link¬ 
ing a Stone in this Place with his Foot, opened the 
Fountain, - f and the Waters of it became Vocal. 

Aganlppides , or /lganlppetz, from the Fountain Aga¬ 
nippe. 

CaJlalicUs , from the Fountain Cajlalius at the Foot of 
Parnajfus. 


:i Perfuis in Procemio. b Idem ibid. c Ab »Wo$ 
equns, & x^V/j foils. (1 Caballinus a Cabalius, id ell, 
cquus. c Ovid. 5. Metam. f Sidonius Apollin. 

SECT. V. The Number of the Muses. 

P'\K 7 II AT was the Number of the Mufes? 

V V M. Some write, 2 that they were but 
Three in the Beginning ; becaufc Sound , out of which 


r- Var. apud Augull. 


all 


jgz 

all Singing is formed, is naturally threefold 3 either made 
by the Voice alone 3 or by blowing, as in Pipes: or by 
ftrikifig as in Citterns or Drums. Or* it may he, be¬ 
came there are three Tones of the Voice or other In- 
firuments, the Bafe , the Tenor ^ and th e-Treble* a Or 
becaufe Three is the mod perfect of Numbers 3 for it 
agrees to the Pcrfons of the Godhead. b Or* laftiy, 
becaufe all the Sciences are diftributed into three sene- 

Im4 

ral Parts* Pbilofophy , Rhetorick , and Mothematicks 3 and 
each three Parts are fubdivided into three other Parts, 
Pbilofophy , into Logick , Ethic ks , and Pbyftcs j Rhetorick 
into the Demonjlrative , Deliberative , and 'Judicial Kind 3 
Mathe?naticks into Mufick , Geometry , and Jritbmettck: 
Whence it came to pafs, that they reckoned not only 
Three Mufes but Nine. 

Others give us a different Reafon why they are Nine. 
c When the Citizens of Sicyon appointed three fkilful 
Artificers to make the Statues of the Three Mufes , pro- 
mifing to chufe thole three Statues out of the Nine, 
which they liked beft 3 they were all fo well made that 
they could not tell which to chufe ; fo that they brought 
them all, and placed them in the Temples : And Hefiod 
afterwards align’d to them the Names mention'd above, 

JP. Were they Virgins? 

M . <l Some affirm it 3 and others deny it, who rec¬ 
kon up their Children. But, however, let no Pcrfon 
defpife the Mufes y unlefs he defign to bring Deftrudion 
upon himfelf by the Example of Thamyras or Thamyris 3 
c who, being conceited of his own Beauty and Skill in 
Singing, prefumed to challenge the Mufes to fing, up¬ 
on Condition, that, if he was overcome, they (hould 
punifh him as they plea fed. And after he was over¬ 
come, lie was deprived at once both of his Harp and Ins 
Eyes. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


* Conform, dc die natali. b Pluu*. de Dcorum Natura. 
c Var. ibid. cxLil. Gyr. p. 261. d Plato np. cundcni. Vide 
Nat. Com. <•' Ilonier. Iliad, 2. Hut, de Mufica. 

C H A P. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 193 

* 

CHAP. X. 

Themis, Astr^ea, Nemesis. 

P.'T^HESE three Goddefles, I fee, contrive and 
Jl confult together of Affairs of great Moment. 

M> I fuppofe fo : For the Bufincfs of them is ai¬ 
med the fame : The fame Function is incumbent upon 
each of them. But, however, let us infpedt them all 
lingly. 

Themis, -the firft of them, a is the Daughter of Cos- 
him and ' Terra . According to the b Signification of her 
Name, her Office is to inftrudf Mankind to do Things 
honed, juft, and right. c Wherefore her Images were 
brought and placed before thofe who were about to 
fpeak to the People, that they might be admonithed 
thereby to fay nothing in publick, but what was juft 
and righteous. Some fay, d fhe fpoke Oracles at Del- 
phi , before Apollo \ though e Homer fays, that die ferved 
Apollo with Neflar and Ambrofia . There was another 
7 he mis, of whom JuJiice, Law , and Peace are fa id to be 
born. Heftod , by way of Eminence, calls her f Modejl , 
becaufe fhe was afhamed to fee any Thing that was done 
againft Right and Equity. Eufebius calls her Carmen- 
ta\ s becaufe, by her Verfe and Precepts , fhe dirc£ts every 
one to that which is juft : When he means a different 
Garment a from the Roman Garment a , who was the Mo¬ 
ther of Evander, other wife called "Themis Nicojlrata, a 


Hefiod. in Theogon. b 0///-K cnim figni/icat fas. 
c Ex Lil. Gyr. d Ex Ovidii Metam. 1 . r. c; Hymn. 

f id eft, pudibundam. Hefiod. 

5 Quod carminibus cdi&ifque fuis praxi- 
piat unicuique quod juft urn eft. Eufebius, 1 . 3. Pra?p. 

JJvang* 

O pror 


in Apoilinem. 
in Theogon. 


194 Qf the Gods of the Heathens. 

prophetical Lady. a She was worfhipped by the Romany 
becaufe file prophefied; and was called Carmenta , either 
h from the Verfe in which fhe uttered her Predictions, 
or c from the Madnefs which feemed to poffefs her when 
fheprophefied. To this Lady an Altar was dedicated 
near the Gate Carmcntalis , by the Capitol ; and a Tem¬ 
ple was built to her Honour alfo upon this Occafion. 
d The Senate forbad the married Women theUfeoi 
Litters or Sedans \ they combined together, and refolv- 
ed that they would never bring Children, unlefs their 
Hufbands refeinded that EdiCt: They kept to this 
Agreement with fo much Refolution, that the Senate 
was obliged to change their Sentence, and yield to the 
Women's Will, and allow them all Sedans and Cha¬ 
riots again. And when their Wives conceived, and 
brought forth fine Children, they ere&ed a Temple 

in Honour of Carmenta . 

/ 

AJlraa* c the Daughter of Aurora and AJiraus^ the 
Titan (or, as others rather fay, the Daughter of Jupi¬ 
ter and Themis) was efteemed f the Prince of f if ice, 
The Poets feign, that in the Golden Age (lie defeended 
from Heaven to the Earth ; and being offended at laft 
by the Wicked nefs of Mankind, s fhe returned to Hea¬ 
ven again, after all the other Gods had gone before her. 

She is many Times dire&ly called by the Name^f 
JuJlitia \ as particularly by h Virgil . And when fhe had 


a Solinus in deferiptione Roma', b A Carmine. Ovid. 
Faff c Quafi carens mente. a Vide Ovid, in Faffs, 1 .3. 
* Hcfiod. in Thcogon. f Juftitiaj antiffta. 
s ViSta jacct pi etas, & ‘virgo c<ede ?nadentes 
Ultima-ccchjiwn terras AJhwea rcliquit . • 

All Duty dies, and wcary’d Juffcc flies 
From bloody Earth at laft, and mounts the Skies. 

,l - extrema per ill os 

fufit tin cxccdcm 1 err is <vcjUgha feci /. Vi rg. Georg. 1.2. 

Juffcc kUt took her Flight from hence, and here 
The Prints of her departing Steps appear. 

returned 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 195 


returned into Heaven again, fhe was placed where we 
now fee the Conftellation a Virgo . 

The Parents of Nemejls were b Jupiter and Necefiity $ 
or, according to others, JSTox and Oceanus. She was 
the Goddefs that rewarded Virtue, and punifhed Vicej 
and fhe taught Men their Duty; fo that flic received 
her Name c from the Dijlribution that jhe made to eve?y 
body. Jupiter enjoyed her, as the Story fays, in the 
Shape of a Goofe ; d after which fhe brought forth an 
Egg, which flic gave to n Shepherd, whom fhe met, 
to be carried to Leda . Lcda laid up the Egg in a Box, 
and Helena was foon after produced of that Egg; But 
others give us quite different Accounts of the Matter. 
The Ro?nnns certainly facrificed to this Goddefs, when 
they went to War; whereby they fignified that they 
s never took up Arms, unlefs in a juft Caufe. She is 
: called by another Name, Aclraftcea , from Adrafkts , a 
I King of the Argives , who firft built an Altar to her: 

I Or, perhaps, from the c Difficulty of cfcapnig from he?' ; 

| becaufe no guilty Perfon can flee from the Punifhment 
\ due to his Crime, though fometimes JuJUce overtakes 
j him late : She has indeed f Wings, but does not al- 
l ways ufe them, but then s the flov/er her Foot is, the 
| harder is her Hand. 

| Rhamnufia is another Name of this Goddefs, from 
j Rhammts , a Town in Attica , h where fhe had a Tem- 



in which there was a Statue of her made of one 


a Boccat. 1 , 4. Gcncal. Deor. h Pan fan. in A read. 
c nib warn a di(Iributione qua; unicnique 

fit, Plato dc Lcgibus Dial. d Apollodor. lib. i, Biblioth. 
0 Ab c>, non, 8 c two fugio, quod videlicet nemo noccns 
eflugerc queatpeennm fuis fceleribus debitam. 
f Paufan. in Atticis. 

r Ad feeder tun pain as nit r lx <venit ira ( T'oj?twtis f 
Hoc gr aware maun, quo grow ore pi Ac. 

Vengeance divine to punifh Sin mover, flow, 
r i he flower is its Pace, the furor is its Blow. 
k Strabo. 1 . q. 1 In Atticis. 

O 2 


Stone, 


196 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

^ * 

« 

Stone, ten Cubits high; (he holds the Bough of as 
Apple-tree in her Hand ; and has a Crown upon hei 
Head, in which many Images of Deer were engraven, 
a She had alfo a Wheel, which denoted her Svviftnrf 
when fhe punifheth* 

, 2 Sed Dea , qua: nhnih obflat Kbamnnjia veils , 

Ingemuit , Jlexitque rot am. -- C la udian. 

Tli* avenging Goddefs, t’our Dell res-unbent, 

Firft groan’d, then 'turn’d her Wheel. 

• « 

'» .^ n — ~ * ■■■ — ~ — ■ ^ 

C H A P XI. 

SECT; I. 2 he Gods of the' Woods, and lb 
Rural Gods. Firft , Pan. His Names. 

W E are new come into the fecond Part of (k 

Right-hand Wall, which exhibits the Image 
of the Gods and Goddejfes of the Woods. Here you maj 
fee the Gods Pan, Sylyanus , and the Fauni , Satyri, Si- 
lenusj Priapus , Arijl&us, and Terminus. 

And there you fee the Goddcfles, Diana , Pales, M 
ra , Famnia , Pomona , and an innumerable Companyt 1 
Nymphs . 

P. What Gods do you fhew me ? Do you call tho 5 
Cornuted Monftcrs Gods? Who are half Men, an! 
half Beads, hairy, and (haggy, with Goat’s Feet an! 
Horfes’ Tails. 

M. Why not? Since they have attained to that Ho¬ 
nour. Firft, let us examine the Prince of them all Pm 
Pan is called by that Name, either, as forhetell us,I 
b becaufe he was the Son of Penelope by all her Wooenl 
or c becaufe he exhilarated the Minds of all the Grfl 
with the Mufick of the Pipe, which he invented; an] 
by the Harmony of the Cittern, upon which he pi aye J 

b A lix-v omnc,<jubd ex omnium Procorum c-ngreflucun 
caelope fit natus Sami us. 41 Homer, in Hymn. 

( 1 MM 
































































































































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens. 197 

fkilfuUy as foon as he was born : Or, perhaps, he is 
called Pan, a bee a life he governs the Affairs of the 
Ihuverjal World by his Mind, as he reprefents it by 
his Body, as we fhall fee by and by. 

The Latins called him hums and Incubus , the Night- 
Marc \ b be caufe he ufes Carnality with all Creatures . 

And at Rome he was wor(hipped, c and called Luper - 
cus and Lyceus . To his Honour a Temple was built 
at the Foot of the Palatine Hill, and Feftivals called 
Lupercalia were infl.ituted, in which his Priefts, the 
Luperci , ran about the City naked. 


a Phumuiius. b Ab ineundo paffim cum omnibus ani- 
• malibus. Servius in iEneid. c Juftin. 1 . 43. 


SECT. II. 


Defc 


H IS Defcent is uncertain ; but the common Opi¬ 
nion is, that he was horn of Mercury and Penelope . 
d For when Mercury fell violently in love with her, and 
tried in vain to move her ; at laft, by changing him- 
fclf into a very white Goat, he obtained his Defire, 
and begat Pan of her, when fhe kept the Sheep of her 
Father Icarius in the Mount Taygetus. Pan , after he 
was boin, c was lapt up in the Skin of a Hare, and car¬ 
ried to Heaven. But why do I here detain you with 
Words? Look upon the Image of him. 


10 


‘ l Hcfiod. in Euterpe. 


c Homer, in Hymn. 


SECT. III. The Image of Pan. 

P.T S that Pan ? f that horned half Goat, that refent- 
X bles a Bead rather than a Man, much Icfs a God 3 
whom I fee described with a fouling ruddy Face, and 
two Morns: his Beard comes down to his Brcaft ; his 


f Lucian, in Bacch. 


o 3 


Skin 


■■a 





198 Of the Gods of the "Heathens. 

► 

Skin is fpotied, and his Legs and Thighs covered with 
long Flair; he has the Tail and the Feet of a Goat; 
his Head is crowned., and he holds a crooked StafF in 
one Hand, and in the other a Pipe of uneven Reeds,with 
the Mufick of which he can chear even the Gods'them- 
feive^. O ridiculous Deity, fit only to terrify Boys ! 

M.. Believe me, he has frighted the Men too : For 
when the Gauls., under Brennus their Leader, made an 
Irruption into Greece , and were juft about to plunder 
the City Delpbos , Pan in the Night frightened them fo 
much, that they all betook themfelves to Flight, when 
no body purfued them. Whence we proverbially fay, 
that Men are in a Panrck Fears , when v\e fee them af¬ 
frighted without a Caufe, 

Nov/ hear what the image of Pan fignifies. Pan , they 
fay, is a Symbol of the Univerfai World, as I intimated 
before: b In his upper Part he refembles a Man, in his 
lower Part a Bead ; becaufe the fuperior and celeftial 
Part of rhe World is beautiful, radiant, and glorious; 
as is the Face of this God, whofe Horns refemble the 
Rays of the Sun, and the Horns of the Moon. The 
Rednefs of his Face is like the Splendor of the Sky; 
and the fpotted Skin, that he wears, is an Image of 
the Starry Firmament. In his lower Parts he is flag¬ 
ged and deformed, which reprefents the Shrubs, and 
ivild Beads, and Trees cif the Earth below. His Goats 
Feet fignify the Solidity of the Earth ; arid his Pipe of 
(even Reeds, that celeftial Harmony which is made by 
the feven Planets. He has a Sheep-^hook, crooked at 
the Top, in his Hand, which fignifies the Turning of 
the Year into itfelf. 


a TerroresPanici eorum funt qui fine causa perterrentur. 
Pan fan i an, Plutarch us* b Servius in Eclog. 2. 


S 


SECT. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 199 


SECT. IV. Actions of Pan. 


p.lQ) U T what mean thof z young Ladies that dance 
ffj ) about him ? 

M . They are Nymphs which dance to the Muficlc 
of his Pipe; a which Inftrument Pan fir ft invented. 
You’ll wonder when you hear the Relations which the 
Poets tell us of this Pipe, to wit, cc b as oft as Pan blows 
“ it, the Dugs oi the Sheep arc filled with Milk:” For 
he is the God of the Shepherds and Hunter r, the Captain 
of the Nymphs , the Preftdent of the■ Mountains , and of 
a Country Life ; and the c Guardian of the Flocks that 
{rraze upon the Mountains. Although his Afpetft is fo 
deformed, yet, when he changed himfelf into a white 
Ram, he pleafed and gratified the Moon, A as it is re¬ 
ported ; The Nymph Echo fell alfo in Love with him, 
and brought him a Daughter named hinges , who c gave 
Medea the Medicines (they fay) with which (lie charm¬ 
ed Jafon. f Pie could not but picafc Dryopc , to gain 
whom, he laid afide, as it were, his Divinity, and be¬ 
came a Shepherd. But he did not court the Nymph Sy¬ 
rinx with fo much Succefs : For file ran away to avoid fo 
filthy a Lover 5 till coming to a River (where her Flight 


n Pan primus calamos cerd conjnngcrc plures 
biJUtuit 


Virg. Eel. 


Pan taught to join with Wax unequal Reeds. 
l> Orpheus in Hymn, lbicus, Poeta Gitccus. 
c Pan curat o<ves, onji unique mag fir os. Virg. Eel. 2. 

Pan loves the Shepherds, and their Flocks lie feeds* 
Muncrc Jic ni<vco I ante, fi credere dignmn cjl , 

Pan Dens Arcad'uv captain te » Luna, jifbllit . Virg.Georg. 3 • 
Twas thus with Fleeces milky white (if we 
May trufl Report) Pan , God of Arcady , 

Did bribe thee, Cynthia , nor didit thou difdain, 

‘When call’d in woody Shades, to cafe a Lover’s Pain. 
c Theretot, Poeta Gnecus. 1 Homer, in ITymn, 

O 4 


was 


200 Of the Gods of the Heat hats. 

was (lopped) (lie prayed the Naiades , the Nymphs of the 
J'Vatersy becaufe fhe could not efcape her Purfuer, to 
change her into a Bundle of Reeds, juft as Pan was 
laying hold of her, a who therefore caught the Reeds 
in his Arms inftead of her. b THhe Winds moving: 
theft Reeds backward and forward occafioned mourn¬ 
ful but mufical Sounds, which Pan , perceiving, cut 
them down, and made them Reeden Pil es, But c Lu* 



a Hiefe mutarent liquid as ordjfe for ores : 

Pantique cum pr enfant fibi jam Syr Inga putaret 

(l or pore fro Nymph# c alamos trivijfc palnfircs .. Met. 1 . i, 

When, that flic might avoid a lullful Rape, 

She hegg’d her Sifter Nymphs to change her Shape : 
Pan thought If had hugg’d his Milt refs, when indeed 
He only hugg’d a Trufs of Moorifh Reed. 
h Dumquc ibi fnfpirat , motos in arundine vcnlcs 
Pffecifc fomtm tenucm fmilemque querenti . 

Arte novel vocifque Dcum dulcedine cap turn. 

Hoc tniht conciliutn tecum , dixife , than tbit ; 

Atque ita difparibus calamis compagine ceres 
Inter Je j unfits nomen tenuijje pucllec . 

He iighs, his Sighs the tolling Reeds return 
In (oft fmall Notes,' like one that feem’d to mourn j 
The new but pleafant Notes the God furprife. 

Yet this (hall make us Friends at laft, he cries ; 

So he this Pipe of Reeds unequal fiatrfd 
With Wax; and Syrinx from his Miitrefs nam’d, 

c- Zephyrs cava per calamorumfbila primutn 

Agrcjhs docttcre cavas inf arc etcutas $ 

Inde minutathn dulces di die ere querelas , 

Tibia qtias fundit digit is pul fata canentum : 

Avia per nemora ac Jyl<vas Jdltufqne reporta 9 

Per luca paforum defer la, atque otia Dia . Lucr. 1 , 5. 

An,d \vhilft foft Ev’ning Gales blew o’er the Plains, 

And (hook the founding Reeds, they taught the Swains ; 
And thus the Pipe was fram’d, and tuneful Reed 5 
And whilft the tender Flocks fecurcly feed. 

The harm left Shepheids tun’d their Pipes to Love, 

And Amaryllis founds in ev’ry Grove, 


cretins 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 201 


cretins afcribes the Invention of thefe Pipes not to Pan , 
but to fome Country-men, who had obferved, on fome 
other Occafion, the Whittling of the Wind through 
Reeds. In the Sacrifices of this God, a they offered 
to him Milk, and Honey in a Shepherd’s Botile. He 
was mote cfpecially worlhippcd in Arcadia , for which 
Reafbn he is fo often called b Pan Dens Arcadia:. 

Some derive from him c Hifpania , Spain , formerly 
called Iberia ; for he lived there, when he returned from 
, the Indian War, to which he went with Bacchus and 


the Satyrs . 


a Theocr. in Viator. b 3. Virg. Geogr. 4. Eel. c Lil. 
Gyr. 



CHAP. .XIL 


1 


3 

l J 1 

1 

I 

[i 

['! 


Sylvanus. 

A LTHOUGH many Writers confound the 

Sylvani , Fauni , Satyr and. Si/eni y with Pan; 
yet many diftinguifh them 5 therefore we will treat of 
them feparately, and begin with Sylvanus . 

That old Man is Sylvanus ^ whom you fee placed next 
to Pan^ with the Feet of a Goat, and the <l Face of a 
Man, of little Stature; c he holds Cyprcfs in his Hand 
ftretched out. He is fo called from Sylvcv , the IVoods ; 
for he preTides over them. f He mightily loved the Boy 
fypan/us, who had a tame Deer, in which he took 
great Yleafure. Sylvanus by Chance killed it, where¬ 
upon the Youth died for Grief. c Therefore Sylvanus 
changed him into a Cyprefs-tree , and carr eel a Branch 
of it always in his Hand, in Memory of his Lofs. 


0 ./Elian. Hitt. Varia. c Martin, do Nuptiis. f Servius 
I'in Yirjr. /Eneid. Sc Georg. 

Et tfMcram a rad ice firms, Sylvan?., Cuprefi. in G eorg. 1.20. 
A tender Cyprrfs Plant Sylvanus bears. 

There 




202 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

There were many other Sylvaniy who endeavoured, r*3 
much as they could, to violate the Chaftity of Women, 
St. Aujiin fays, a That they and the Fauni (commonly cal¬ 
led Incubi) were cftenthnes -wicked to Jd^omcn 5 ‘ drfiring and 
• enjoying their Embraces. And Varro fays, that they were 
mifehievous to big-bellied Women. 


3 Eos cum Faunis (quos vulgo Incubos vocant) impro- 
bos fa?p£ extitifle mulieribus, & earum appetifle &-pere- 
gifFe concubitum. Aug. de Civitate Dei, 1. 15. c. 23. 


CHAP. XIII. 

SlLENUS. 

T HAT old Fellow, who follows next, with a flat 

Nofe, and a bald Head, with large Ears, and a 
frnall, flat,gore-bellied Body, is Si/emts ; fo called, b from 
his jocular Temper , becaufe he perpetually jetts upon 
People. He fits upon a c Saddle-buck'd Afs; but, when 
he walks, he leans upon a Staff. He was Bacchus' s Fof- 
ter-Father, his Matter, and his perpetual Companion, 
and confequently almofl: always drunk, as we find him 
deferibed d in the fixth Eclogue of Virgil . The Cup 

which 


b ’Awo t« id eft, diiSleria in aliquem diccrc. 

^Elian. 3. Var. I lift. c. 10. c Pando Afello. 
d Silcnwn paeri fo/itno vidcre jacentcm, 

Injlatum bejlcrno venas , ut fenipcr> la echo ; 

Serta procul taut urn capiti delap/a jaccbanf, 

Et gravis attritd p aide bat cant bar us a usd. 

- - Two Satyrs , on the Ground, 

Stretch’d fit their Eafe, their Sire Silcnus found ; 

Dos’d with his Fumes, and heavy with his Load, 
They found him fnoring in his dark Abode ; 

His rofy Wreath was dropp’d not long before. 

Borne by the Tide of Wine, and floating on the Floor. 

II is 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 203 

which he and Bacchus ufed was call Cantharus ; and 
the Staff with which he fupportcd himfelf a Ferula : 
This he ufed when he was lb drunk, as it often happen-* 
ed, that he could not fit, b but fell from his Afs. 

The Satyrs were not only conflant Companions of 
Silenus , but were affiftant to him; for they held him in 
great Elleem, and honoured him as their Father; and, 
c when they became old, they were called Silent too. 
And concerning Silenus’s Afs, they fay, that tl he was 
translated into Heaven, and placed among the Stars ; 
becaufe, in the Giants War, Silcnus rode on him, and 
helped Jupiter very much. 

c But when Sileiius once was taken, and afked, What 
was the hcjl Thing that could befcil Man ? He after long 
Silence anfwered. It is bejl for all never to be born , but 
being born , to die very quickly . Which Ex predion Pliny 
reports almoft in the fame Words, f There have been, 
many who have judged it very happy never to have been 
born, or to die immediately after one's Birth . 


His empty Can, with Ears half worn away. 

Was hung on high, to boa 11 the Triumph of the Day. 
a SJuinque fenex ferula 1 it itb antes ebrius art us 
Sufinet, 1 $ paodo non fort iter h/erct afello. Ovid. Met. y. 
His Staff does hardly keep him on his Legs, 

When mounted on his Afs, fee how lie fwags, 
b Ebrius ecce fenex pando dclapfus afello , 

Clamarunt Satyri % furge , age, furge, pater. Dc Art. Am. 2, 
TIE old Soker’s drunk, from’s Afs he’s got a Fall, 
Roufo, Daddy, roufe, again the Satyrs bawl. 
c Paufanias in Atlicis. ll Aratus in Phxnomen. c Ro- 
gatus quidnatn cjfct hominibus optimum r refpo'ndit, omnibus effe 
optimum non nafei , & natos qucwi citijjime inter ire. PI ut. in 
Confoiatione Apol. f Multi extitei m e qui 7:011 nafei optimum 

• unt, ant qua in citijjime aboleri . Plin. in Pncfat. 1 . 7. 



C II A F. 



O/' the Gods oj the Heathens . 


204 

4 

CHAP. XIV. 

% 

ft 

STfttf Satyrs 

» 

B EHOLD! a Thofe are Satyrs who dance in laf~ 
civious Motions and Poftures under the Shade of 
that tall and fpreading Oak; they have Heads armed 
with Horns, and Goats Feet and Legs, crooked Hands, 
rough, hairy Bodies, and Tails not much fhortcr than 
Horfes Tails. There is no Animal in Nature^ more 
falacious and libidinous than thefe Gods, i heir b 
Name itfelf (hews the Filthinefs of their Nature: And 
Paufanias gave a Proof of it, by relating a Story of 
fome Mariners, who were drove upon a defart Jfland 
by Storm, and faw themfelves furrounded by a Flock 
of Satyrs : The Seamen were frightened, and betook 
themfelves to their Ships, and the Satyrs left the Men, 
but they feized the Women ^ and committed all Manner 
©f Wickednefs with them. 


a Pan (an. in Atticis. b Satyrus derivator, ccVo rv; 
eraSnt, a veretro, Eufeb. in Prasp. Evang. ibid. 



C H A P. XV. 

The Fauns. 

HE Fauns, which you fee joined with the Satyrs, 
JL differ from them in the Name only; at leaft they 
are not unlike them in their Looks.* c For they have 
Hoofs and Horns, and are 11 crowned with the Branches 


d Idem, in Kpiftola Ocnones. 

of 


c Ovid. Fa do re m 2. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 20£ 

of the Pine. When they meet drunken Perfons, they 
ftupify them (as it is faid) with a their Looks aloT?e, 
The Boors of this Country call them the b Rural Gods ; 
and pay them the more Refpe£I; becaufe they are armed 
with Horns and Nails, and painted in terrible Shapes. 

Faunns , or Fatuellus (as he is otherwife called) c was 
the Son of Pic us King of the Latins . d He married his 
own Sifter, whole Name was Fauna or Faina: He con- 
fecratcd and made her Prieftefs, after which (he had 
the Gift of Prophecy. Hiftory likewife tells us, that 
this Faunas was the Father and Prince of the other 
Fauns and the Satyrs. c His Name was given him from 
his Skill in Prophefying , and from thence alfo Fatui lig¬ 
nites both Perfons that fpeak rafhly and Inconfiderate- 
ly f and Enthufiafls; becaufe they, who prophefv, deli¬ 
ver the Mind and Will of another, and fpeak Things 
which themfelves, many Times, do not underhand. 


a Idem, in Epiftola Phadr®. . b Dii agreftes. Virgil. 
Georg, i . c Servius 7. iEneid. 6. ^ d Nat. Comes 

lib. 0 Faunas dicitur a fando feu vaticinando. Ser. 7. 
iEneid. Ifid. Hifp. Epifcopus. 


c h a p. xvr. . 

P R I A P U S. 

P % IT J A ! What means that naked God, with his 
£ j| Sickle, behind the Trunk of the Tree? Why 
docs he hide the Half of his Body fo ? 

M. The Painter was modeft, and therefore painted 
but half of him, becaufe he is a (hamelefs and obfeem 
Deity : His Name is Priapus . I am afhamed to tell 
the Story of him, it is fo very filthy; and therefore I 
(hall fay only, that he was the Son of Venus and Bacchus , 
bom at Lampfactts , where his Mother hating his Defor¬ 
mity, and the Difpi oportion of his Members, rejected 

h i m, 



* *1 - # * 

2o6 Q/' Gods of the Heathens'. 

him. Yet he pleafed the Women of Lampfacus , info- 
touch that their Hufbands banifhed him from the City, 
till by the Oracle’s’Command he was recalled* and 
made God of the Gardens , and crowned with Garden 
Herbs. He carries a Sickle in his Hand, to cut off from 
the Trees all fuperfluous Boughs, and to drive away 
Thieves and Beads, and mifehievous Birds ; from 
whence he is called Avifupor . Therefore his Image is 
bfually placed in Gardens, as we may learn from a 37 - 
bullus , b Virgil, and c Horace . He is called Hellefponti- 
acus by the Poets 5 becaufe the City of Lampfacus , 
where he was born, was fituated upon the Hellefpotit, 
All agree that he -was very deformed, and they fay, that 
this was the Occafion of the Deformity of this God. 
When funo faw Venus was big with Child, fhe was 
jealous; and therefore, under Pretence of affifting her 
in her Labour, file fpitefully mifufed her, fo that the 
young Child was fpoiled and deformed, and from his 
Deformity called Priapus , Phallus , and Fcifcinum ; all 
which three Names favour of Obfccnity 5 though by 
fonie d he is called Bonus Damon , or Genius . Indeed 


21 Po?7ioffque ruler cufos ponaiur hi berth, 

Arc eat ut faajd fake Priapus a~vcs . 

With th’ fwarthy Guardian God our Grchards grace, 
With this IlifF Sickle he the Birds will chacc, 
b Et cufos furum atque a%num cum falce /align a 
Uclhfpontiaci ferajet tut da Priapn . Georg. L 4, 

Befides the God obfccne, who frights away. 

With his Lath Sword, the Thieves and Birds of Prey. 
t Olim truncus ereim ficulnus , inutile lignum , 

Cumfaber inccrlus fcamnum faceretne Priapum , 

Maluit eJJ'e Dcum , Dens hide ego furum a<viwnqne 
Maxima for mido .. Hor. Sat. 8. 

Till Artifts doubting, which the Log was good 
For, Stool, or God ; rcfolv’d to make a God ; 

So I was made ; my Form the Log receives : 

A mighty Terror X to Birds and Thieves, 

A Vide PburvutUm. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens, 

Juno's Touch was not neceflary to make the Child 
inonllrous ; for, can*any beautiful Offspring be ex- 

petted from a Sot and a Whore ? 

* 

% 

CHAP. XVII. 
Arist/eus. 

¥ ¥ E is called Arijlams , whom you fee bufied in that 
JTjL Nurfery of Olives, fupporting and improving the 
Ti ees. Heis employed in drawing Oil from the Olive, 

which Art he fir ft invented. He alfo found out the Ufe 

# 

of Honey, and therefore you fee feme Rows of Beehives 
near him. a For which two profitable Inventions, the 
Ancients paid him divine Honours. 

He was other wife called Nomius and Agraus , and 
^vas the Son of b Apollo by Cyrene , or, as Cicero fays, the 
Son of Liber Pater , ed ucated by the Nymphs, and taught 
by them the Art of making Oil, Honey, and Cheefe. 
He fell in Love with Euridice the Wife of Orpheus , and 
purfued her into a Wood, where a Serpent flung her 
fo that fhe died. The Nymphs hated him fo much for 
this, that they deftroyed all his Bees, to revenge the 
Death of Euridice . This Lofs was exceedingly de¬ 
plored by him ; and afking his Mother's Advice, he 
was told by the Oracle, that he ought by Sacrifices to 
appeafe Euridice. Wherefore he facrificed to her four 
Bulls, and four Heifers, and his Lofs was fupplied; for 
fuddenly a Swarm of Bees burfl: forth from the Car- 
cafes of the Bulls. 


a Pan fan i as in Arcadicis. b Apollonius, I. 6. in 

Venom 



CHAP- 




208 Of the Gods of the Heat hem. 

* 

s 

* 

CHAP. XVIII. . 

* 

Terminus. 

jP. XJ U T, pray, what is that Stone or Log placed 
Jf 3 there? (It is fo far off that I cannot diftin- 
guifh whether of the two it is.) 

M. It has a Place among the rural Gods, becaufeit 
is a God itfelf. 

P. A God, do you fay ? Surely you jeft, Sir. 

M. No ; it is not only a God, but a God greatly 
honoured in this City of Rome, They call him Ter- 
minus , and imagine that the Boundaries and Limits of 
Men’s Eftates are under his Protection. His Name, 
and the divine Honours paid to him by the Ancients, 
are mentioned by a Ovid , by b Tibullus , and by c Seneca, 
The Statue of this God 11 was either a fcjuare Stone, or 
a Log of Wood plained ; which they ufually perfumed 
with Ointment, and crowned with Garlands. 

And indeed the Lapides Terminates (that is. Land* 
Marks) were efteemed /acred; e fo that whoever dared 

» Terminc, five lapis, five es dc/ertus in agro 

Stipes , ab antiques tu quoquc no?nc?i babes, Ovid Fail, 2. 
Terminus , whether Stump or Stone thou be. 

The Ancients gave a Godhead too to thee. 
b Nam veneror , feu fiipes ha bet defert us in agris , 

Sen vet us in triviis fiorida fierta lapis . 

For T my Adoration freely give, 1 

Whether a Stump forlorn my Vows receive, | 

Or a beflower’d Stone my Worflup have, J 

c _-- Nullus in campo facer 

Divifit agro arbiter pop id is lapis , Hippol. Aft. fc. 7 ' 
Thefacred Land-Mark then was quite unknown. 
d Arnohius contra Genies, 1 , i. Clemens Alex, Strom. 7. 
* Dion Halicarn. 1 . z* 

to 


FI. XX. 


JPtgrc 2,og 












































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


200 


to move, or plow up, or transfer them to another 
Place, his Head became devoted to the Diis Terminals - 
busy and it was lawful for any Body to kill him. 

And further, though they did not facrifice the Lives 
of Animals to thofe Stones, becaufe they thought that it 
was not lawful to ftain them with Blood ; yet they offer¬ 
ed Wafers made of Flour to them, and the flrft Fruits 
of Corn, and the like : And upon the laft Day of the 
Year they always offered Feffivals to their Honour, 
called 'TerminaHa. 

Now we pafs to the Goddejfes of the Woods . 



CHAP. XIX. 

The Goddefs of the Woods. Diana. 

P t IT is very well. Here comes a Goddefs a taller 
X than the other Goddefles, in who fe Virgin-Looks 
we may eafe our Eyes, which have been tired with the 
horrid Sight of thofe monftrous Deities. Welcome., 
Diana ; b your hunting Habit, the Bow in your Hand* 
and the Quiver full of Arrows, which hangs down from 
your Shoulders, and the Skin of a Deer fattened to your 
Breaft, difcover who you are. c Your Behaviour, which 
is free and eafy, but modeft and decent; your Garments, 
which are handfome and yetcarelefs; fhew that you 
are a Virgin. Your d Name {hews your Modetty and 
Honour. I wifli that you, who are the talleft of the 
Goddefles, c to whom Women owe their Stature, would 
implant in them alfo a Love of your Chaftity. For I 
know you hate, you abhor the Converfation of Men, 



a Virgil. ^Eneid. 1. i. b Idem ibid. c Paufan. in Area- 
lids. Ejxto ab agnpik* pcrfcStus , pudicitiam intc- 

gricatcmque Dianas indicat. Strabo, 1. 14 * c Homer. 
Odyff. 20. 

P and 


210 ' Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

and fly from the very fight of them. Yet reje£l the 
Temptations of Delight, and abhor the charming 
Witchcraft of Pleajure with ali your Heart, 

Aftaon^ the Son of Ariftceus , that famous Huntfman, 
a fatally learned this, when he impudently looked upon 
you, when you were naked in the Fountain : You de¬ 
ferred not the Punifhment of his Impurity for a Mo¬ 
ment, for, fprinkling him with the Water, you chang¬ 
ed him into a Deer, to be afterwards torn in Pieces by 
his own Dogs. 

Farther Honour is due to you; becaufe you are the 
Moon , b the Glory of the Stars , and the only Goddefs 
c who obferved perpetual Chaftity. 

Nor am I ignorant of that famous and deferving 
A£tion which you did, to avoid the Flames of Alpheus> 
d when you fo haftily fled to your Nymphs, who were 
all together in one Place; and befmeared both yourfelf 
and them with Dirt fo, that when he came he did not 
know you: Whereby your honeft Deceit fucceeded 
according to your Intentions ; and the Dirt, which 
fouls every Thing elfe, added a new Luflre to your 
Virtue. Welcome once again, O ! c Guardian of the 
Mountains; by whofe kind Afliftance Women in 
Child- bed arc preferved from Death. 

:i Ovid. 4. Metam. b Aftrorum dccus. Virg*. ./Encid.9. 

c AElcrnum 1 dorian id Virginitatis amor cm 

Jutcmeratn col it . Virg. JE neid• 11< 

■ - Herfclf untainted Hill, 

Hunting and Chaftity flic aLvays lov’d. 
ll P an fan ias in poller. Eliac. 

0 Mont turn ctjlos , tiemorunique Firgo, 

Qusc labor antes titer 0 pudlas 
C I er <vocata andis adimifque let bo 

Di<va tnformis, I lor. Cijrm, 1 . 3. 
Queen of the Mountains and the Groves 1 
Whole Hand the teeming Pain removes, 

Whofe Aid the Sick and Weak implore, 

.And thrice invoke thy threefold Power. 

M. So, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . z 11 

M\ So ! Palaophilus , you have thus long cheated 
me ? 

P. What, I cheated you ? 

M. Yes, you; you have fo dexteroufly concealed 
your Knowledge, and endeavoured to make me be¬ 
lieve fo long, that you are ignorant and unfkilful in 
the Mythology of trie Heathens. 

P. I am as unfkilful as I pretended. You may be¬ 
lieve me when I fvvear, that I am altogether ignorant 
of thefe things that you teach me. Nor can you fuppofe 
other wife from thoic Things, which I now repeat about 
Diana . For, from a Boy I have loved this Goddefs for 
her Modefly ; and out of refpeCI to her I learnt thefe 
few Things, which you heard me fpeak. I am wholly 
blind, and beg, that by your Affiflance you would 
guide me. I fpeak fincerely, I am a mere Frefh-man. 

M You can fcarce make me believe fo. But, how¬ 
ever, I will verify the old Proverb, a and teach one that 
knows more than myfelf. I will begin from that Word 
that you laft mentioned. 

Diana is called b Triformis and Tergetnina. Fuff, 
becaufe, though fhe is but one Goddefs, yet fhe hath 
three different Names, as well as three different Offices : 
In the Heavens file is called Luna \ on the Earth file is 
named Diana ; and in Hell flic is ftyled Plccate or Profcr- 
pina. In the Heavens fhe enlightens every Thing by 
her Rays ; on the Earth file keeps under her Power all 
wild Beafts by her Bow and her Dart; and in Hell fhe 
keeps all theGhofts and Spirits in Subjection to her by 
her Power and Authority. Thefe fevcral Names and 
Offices are comprifed in an ingenious c Diftich. ' But 
nltho 5 Luna , Diana , and Hecate are commonly thought 
to be only three different Names of the fame Goddefs, 


:1 Stis Minervam. b Cicero 3. dc Nat. 

c 7 erret, lujlrat , a git ; Prtjcrpina , Lium y Diana ; 

'Ifua, fuprma, /eras ; feeptro , falgorc, Jhgittd. 

Dempllcr. in Paralip. 

P 2 yet. 


21 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

yet a Hefiod efteems them three diftin< 5 l Goddefleg. 
Secondly, becaufe {he has, as the Poets fay. Three 
Heads: The Head of a Horfe on the right Side, of a 
Dog on the Left, and a human Head in the Midft; 
Whence fome call her b Three-headed, or Three-faced, 
And c others afcribe to her the Likenefs of a Bull, a 
Dog, and a Lion. d Virgil and c Claudian alfo men¬ 
tion her three Countenances. Thirdly, according to 
the Opinion of fome, {he is called Triformis , f becaufe 
the Moon hath three feveral Phafes or Shapes : The 
New-Moon appears arched round with a Circle of Light. 
The Half-Moon fills a Semicircle with Light; and the 
Fidl-Moon fills a whole Circle or Orb with its Splen¬ 
dor. But let us examine thefe Names more exactly. 

She is named Luna g from Jhining , either becaufe {he 
only in the Night-time fends forth a glorious Light, or 
elfe becaufe (he (hines by borrowed Light, and not by 
her own ; and therefore the Light with which {he {hines 
is always h new Light. Her Chariot is drawn with a 
white and black Horfe; or with two Oxen; becaufe {be 
has got two Horns ; fometimes a Mule is added, fays 
Feftus , becaufe {he is barren, and {hines by the Light of 
the Sun. Some fay, that Luna of both Sexes have 

a Orpheus in Argon. b TpiaoKltpocT^ov k} T^wgocrwTrop, Cor- 
nut. & Artemidor. 2. Oneirocr. c Porph. ap. Ger, 
d Ter cent a?n tonat ore Dcos, Erebumqucy Chaofque , 
Tergeminamque Hecatem , tria Virginis ora Diana • 

Night , Erebus , and Chaos {he proclaims. 

And threefold Hecate with her hundred Names, 

And three Diana’s. 

c Eccc proetd ternisy Hecate t variata 9 figuris . 

(de Raptu Prof. 1 .2* 

Behold far off the Goddefs Hecate 
In threefold Shape advances —- 
f Ap. Lil. Gyr. 

c A lucendo, quckl una fit quae nodlu lucet, Cic. 2. deNat. 
vel. h Qudd luce aliena Iplendeat, unde Grajce dicitur 
^ar.wivj a 0-jVzf vhvy id eft, lumen novum. Id. ibid. 

been 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 213 

been worfhipped, efpecially among the Egyptians ; and 
indeed, they give this Property to all the other Gods. 
Thus both Lunus and Luna were worfhipped, but with 
this Difference, that thofe who worfhipped Luna were 
thought fubjeft to the Women, and thofe who wor¬ 
fhipped Lunus were fuperior to them. a We mull alfo 
obferve, that the Men facrificed to Venus , under the 
Name of Luna* in Women’s Cloaths, and the Women 
in Men’s Cloaths. 

This Luna had a Gallant who was named Endymion^ 
and he was mightily courted by her; b infomuch that, 
to kifs him, fhe defcended out of Heaven, and came 
to the Mountain Latmus , or Latkynius , in Carta ; where 
he lay condemned to an eternal Sleep by 'Jupiter ; be- 
caufe, when he was taken into Heaven, he impudently 
attempted to violate the Modefly of Juno . In reality, 
Endymion was a famous AJirmomer , who firft defcribed 
theCourfe of the Moon, and he is reprefented fleeping, 
becaufe he contemplated nothing but the Planetary 
Motions. 

Hecate may be derived from eiio&ev [ Hecatben j end - 
nus; becaufe the Moon darts her Rays or Arrows afar 
off. c She is faid to be the Daughter of Ceres by 
Jupiter , who being caft out by her Mother, and ex¬ 
posed in the Streets, was taken up by Shepherds, and 
nourifhed by them; for which Reafon d fhe was wor¬ 
fhipped in the Streets, and her Statue was ufually fet be¬ 
fore the Doors of the Houfes, whence fhe took the 
Name Propylaa. Others derive her Name from sW-mv 
[ Hckaton ] centum , becaufe they facrificed a hundred 
Viftims to her: c Or becaufe by her Edi£f, thofe who 

a Servius in 2. iEncid. Philocor. Spartian. in Imp. Ca¬ 
racal. b Apoll. 4. Argonaut. Pirn. 1 . 2. c. 9. 

c Hcfiod. in Theogon. 

d Notlurmfquc He cat c triuiis uhdata perurbes. 

Virg. Aincid. 9. 

And Hecate by Night ador’d with Shrieks. 

c Paufan. in Atticis. 

P 3 dip. 


214 Of Gods of the Heathens. 

die, and are not buried, wander mi hundred Tears up and 
down HelL However, it is certain, {he is called Tvi - 
via a Triviis, from the Streets ; for file was believed to 
prefide over the Streets and Ways ; fo that they facrt- 
ficed to her in the Streets; a and the Athenians , every 
New Moon, made a fumptuous Supper for her there, 
which was eaten in the Night by the Poor People of 
the City. b They fay that {he was exceflive tall ; her 
Head was covered with frightful Snakes inftead of Hair, 
and her Feet were like Serpents. c She was reprefented 
encompafled with Dogs; becaufe that Animal was 
facred to her; and Htjychius fays, that {he was fome- 
times reprefented by a Dog. We are told that (he 
prefided over Inchantments, and that, when (lie was 
called feven Times, fhe came to the Saciifices : As 
foon as thefe were finifhed, c feveral Apparitions ap¬ 
peared, called from her He cat tea. 

She was called by the Egyptians f Bubajlis ; her 
Feafts were named Buba/hea; and the City wheie 
they were yearly celebrated, was called Bubajlis . 

Brimo is another of the Names of Hecate and Diana’, 
which is derived from g the City 9 which file gave when 
Apollo or Mars offered Violence to her when {he was a 
hunting. 

She was called Lucian, and Opts, becaufe h fc helps to 
bring ihe Children into the World, which good Office (as 
they fay) Che firff: performed to her Brother Apollo : 
For, as foon as fhe lierfelf was horn, (he a flitted her 
Mother Latona , and did the Office of a Midwife; 

; but was fo affrighted with her Mother’s Pain, that 
flic refblved never to have Children, but to live a Vir¬ 
gin perpetually. 


a Ariflophancs in Pluto. h Lucian. Pfcudoph. c A- 
pud Gyrald. Apollin. Argonaut. c Ovid. 9. Metam. 
f Apollon 3. Argon. " n-ifx/.y, fremo, ira .exarddto. 


h t^udd infnntibus in luccin venientibus op cm ferae, 
Civftat. 4. c. 1. J Callimach. Hymn, in Dian. 


Aug. do 


She 


. Of the Gods of the Heathens. 215 

She is called Chit one and Chitonia , a becaufe Women, 
after Child-birth, ufed firft to facrifice to Juno 9 and 
then offer to Diana their own and their Children's 
Cloaths. 

She was named Diflynna , not only from the b Nets , 
which (he ufed c (for fhe was an Huntrefs, and the Prill- 
cefs of Hunters ; for which Reafon all Woods were de¬ 
dicated to her) but alfo becaufe' 1 Britomartis the Virgin, 
whom fhe hunted, fell into the Nets, and vowed, if {he 
efcaped, to build a Temple for Diana, She did efcape, 
and then confecrated a Temple to Diana Diftynna. 
Others relate the Story thus : When Britomartis , whom 
Diana loved, becaufe {he was an Huntrefs, fled from 
Minos, her Lover, and caft herfelf into the Sea; fhe 
fell into the Fifliermens’ Nets, and Diana made her a 
Goddefs. And fince we are talking of Hunting, give 
me leave to-add, that the c Ancients thought that 
Diana left off Hunting on the Ides of Augujl ; therefore 
at that Time it was not lav/ful for any one to hunt, 
but they crowned the Dogs with Garlands, and, by 
the Light of Torches made of Stubble, they hung up 
the hunting Inflruments near them. 

We {hall only adjoin, to what has been faid, the two 
Stories of Chi one and Meleager. 

Chione was the Daughter of Decdalion , the Son of 
Dcedalus: She was deflowered by Apollo and Mercury , 
and brought forth Twins, namely, Philammon , a fkilful 
Mufician, the Son of Apollo % and Autolychus the Son of 
Mercury , who, proved a famous f Juggler, and an art¬ 
ful Thief. She was fo far from thinking this a Shame 


a xitwV, 9, quafi tunicata a x ir °> v > tunica ; folebant enim 
fee min as partus lahoribus perfunttze Junoni facrificare; fuas 
aulcm & inf antitun velies Dianas confccrare, Plut. 3.Sympof. 
c. wit. h Rctia enim (Htcrvcc dicuntur. 

Ovid. 2. Metam. Laft. Plac. tl Schol. Ariftoph. 
r Brodams in Anthol. cx Schol. Pindari. 

f- [fixturn in gen infos ad o/nne, 

fa cere a (joe rat, pat rise non degencr art is. 

P 4 


that 



2l6 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


that fhe grew very proud 5 nay openly boafted, a that 
her Beauty had charmed two Gods, and that (he had 
two Sons by them. Befides, fhe was b fo bold as to 
(peak fcornfulfy of Diana’s Beauty, and to prefer her- 
felf before her: But Diana did herfelf Juftice, and pu- 
nifhed the Infolence of this Boafter; for fhe drew her 
Bow, and fhot an Arrow through her Tongue, and 
thereby put her to Silence. 

Meleager was punifhed for his Father c Oeneush 
Fault, who, when he offered his firft Fruits to the 
Gods, wilfully forgot Diana \ wherefore fhe was an¬ 
gry, and fent a wild Boar into the Fields of his King- 
dom of Caledonia to deftroy them. Meleager , accom¬ 
panied with many chofen Youths, immediately under¬ 
took either to kill this Boar or to drive him out of the 
Country. The, Virgin Atalanta was among the Hun¬ 
ters, and gave the Boar the firft Wound ; and foon af¬ 
ter Meleager killed him. He valued Atalanta more who 
wounded him, than himfelf who killed him, a and 
therefore offered her the Boar’s Skin. But the Uncles 

of 

Candida de nigrzs Iff de candentibus atra, Ovid. Met. II, 
Cunning in Theft, and wily in all Sleights, 

Who could with Subtlety deceive the Sight, 
Converting white to black, and black to white. 

a - Sc peperijje duos , & Diis placuiffe duo bus. 

That fhe two Sons had brought, by having pleas’d two 

b ,- Sc prefer re Diana (Gods, 

Sujlinvjt , faciemqne Dcas culpanjit. At illi 
Ira ferox mot a ejl, faSiifque placabimus , inquit . 

Nec niora, currv.a*vit cornu , nernm/que fagittam 
Impulity et met item trajecit arundine linguam. 

She to Diatsa’s durft her Face prefer. 

And blame her Beauty. With a cruel Look, 

She find our Deed fhall right us. Forthwith took 
Jder Bow, and bent it ; which fhe ftrongly drew. 

And through her cuilty Tongue the Arrow flew, 
f Ovid. 8. Metanw 

d .. 


- Rximtas, r'tgidis horrentia fetis 

!Jcrra duty inagnis injignta dentil us orr,. 





Of the Gods of the Heathens. ■ziy 

of Meleager were enraged that the Hide was given to a 
Stranger, and violently took it from her; whereupon 
Meleager killed them. As foon as his Mother Althcea 
underftood that Meleager had killed her Brothers, {lie 
fought Revenge like a Mad-Woman. In Althaea's 
Chamber was a Billet, which, when Meleager was 
born, a the Fates took, and threw it into the Fire, fay- 
; jng, The new-born Infant {hall live as long as this Stick 
: remains unconfumed. The Mother fnatched it out of 
; the Fire, and quenched it, and laid it in a Clofet. But 
\ now, moved with Rage, {he goes to her Chamber, and, 
: fetching the Stick, b fhe threw it into the Fire ; and, as 
, the Log burned, Meleager , tho’ abfcnt, felt Fire in his 
! Bowels, which confirmed him, in the fame Manner that 
! the Wood was confumed ; and when at lafl the Log was 
\ quite reduced to Aflies, and the Fire quenched, Melea - 
i ger 9 at the fame Time, expired, and turned to Dull:. 

j 

1 

♦ 

; llli l&titice eft cuvi munere mutter is auttor, 

; Itrvtdere alii, totoque erat agmitte murmur. 

Then gave the briftled Spoil and ghaflly Head 
With monftrous Tufhes arm’d, with Terror bred. 

She in the Gift and Giver Pleafure took. 

All murmur, with prepofterous Envy, ftruck. 

• a Temp or a, dixerunt , eadem lignoque tibique, 

0 tnodo note, damns ; quo p oft qua?n cart nine ditto 
r pxrrftere Dent ; ftagrantetn mater ah ig tie 
Trip nit r attain:, fparfttquc liqucntibus uttdis ; 

Scrotal ufquc din jiuvcnis few ewer at annos , 

0 lately born, one Period v/c afiign 

To thee and to the Brand. The Charm they weave 

Into his Fate, and then the Chamber leave. 

His Mother fnatcVd it with a haily Hand 

Out of the Fire, and quench’d the flagrant Brand. 

This in an inward Clofet clofeiy lays, 

And by preferving it prolongs his Days. 

b -- Dexiraque ant erf a trnmnti , 

Finter caw I err cm tnedios conjee it in ignes, 

: —wi 
i To trern 

I 

t 

i 

[ 


th Eyes turn’d back, her quaking Hand 
bling Flames expos’d the Fun’ral Brand. 

C II A 1 \ 



218 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 


C H A P. XX. 

Pales. 

T old Lady, which you fee a furroundcd 
JL with Shepherds , is Pales the Goddefs of Shephirk 
end Paflures. Some call her Magna Mater , and Vefa, 
To this Goddefs they facrificed Milk and Wafers made 
of Millet, that (lie might make the Failures fruitful, 
They in ft it u ted the Peaks called Palilia or Par ilia to 
her Honour, which were obferved upon the eleventh or 
twelfth Day of the Calends of May^ by the Shepherds, 
in the Field on the fame Day in which Romulus laid 
the Foundation of the City. Thefe Fealls were cele¬ 
brated to appeafe this Goddefs, that file might drive a- 
way the Wolves, and prevent the Difeafes incident to 
Cattle. The Solemnities obferved in the Palilian Feajh 
were many : The Shepherds placed little Heaps of Straw 
in a particular Order, and at a certain Diftance ; then 
they danced and leaped over them : Then they purified 
the Sheep, and the reft of the Cattle with the Fume of 
Rofemary, Laurel, Sulphur, and the like ; as we learn 
from Ovid 9 b who gives a Defcription of thefe Rites. 


a Virg. Eclog. 

b Alma Pales, fevoeas pajloria facra cementi , 

Profequetr ojjicio fi tua ftitta inco. 

Ceric ego dc *u:tido ciuer cm, Jlipulamque. fab a!cm 
Sa'pe. iuli , tr&uet, febrna tojla , manu . 

Ccrtc ego tranfdni pojilas lev in ordineJJammas, 

Virgaquc r or ales tauvea mifit aquas . 

Great Pedes , help ; the Pafl’ral Rights T fing, 

With humble Duty mentioning each Thing. 

Allies of Calves, and Bran-Straw oft I’ve held. 
With burnt Purgations in a Hand well fill’d. 
Thrice o’er the Flames, in order rang’d', I’ve leapt. 
And holy Dew my Laurel Twig .has dripc. 


5 


C II A I\ 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 219 


CHAP. XXI. 

Flora. 

P, m \ 7 r ‘ OU need not tell me who that Goddefs Is, 
j[ a whom I fee adorned-with fo much Finery 
and Gracefulnefs, fo drefled and beautified with Flow - 
ers, It is Flora the Goddefs and Prejidcnt of Floivers . 
Is it not? 

M- It is true, the Romans gave her the Honour of a 
Goddefs ; but, in Reality, fhe was a famous Strumpet, 
who, by her abominable Trade, heaped up a great deal 
of Money, and made the People of Rome her Heir. 
Particularly, fhe left a certain Sum, the yearly In- 
tereft of which was fettled, that the Games, called 
Florales , or Floralia , might be celebrated annually on 
her Birth-Day. But, becaufe this appeared fcantfa- 
lous, impious, and profane to the Senate, as it really 
was, they covered their Defign, and worfhipped Flora 9 
under the Title of Goddefs of Flowers \ and pretended 
that they offered Sacrifice to her, that the Plants and 
Trees might flourifh. 

Ovid follows the fame Fiffion, and relates, b that 
Chloris , an infamous Nymph, was married to Zepby- 
rus , fiom whom flic received the Power over all the 
Flowers: But let us return to Flora and her Games. 
Her Image, as we find in Plutarch , was expofed in the 
Temple of Coflor and Pollux , drefled in a clofe Coat, 
and holding in her Right-hand the Flowers of Beans 
and Pcafe. c For while thefe Sports were celebrated, 
the Oflicers, or yFdiles , feattered Beans , and other Ptdfc 
amongfl: the People. Thefe Games were proclaimed 
and begun by Sound of Trumpet, as we find mention- 


a LaftantiuSj 1 . i. c. 24. b Ovid, in Fallis. e Val. 
Max, 1 . z, c. 5. 


« 


cd 



220 Of the 

ed in a Juvenal. Then the lewd Women came forth 
in public, and (hewed Tricks naked. Strange ! that 
fuch Filthinefs fhould be called Flores , and fuch Games 
FI oralia. 


a- J)ignijfi?na certe 

F lor alt Matron a tuba. -— Ju<v. Sat. 6. 

- . - A Woman worthy fure 

Of Flora's Feflal Trumpet. 


CHAR XXII. 

F E R O N I A. 

Eroniai the 3 Goddefs of the Woods , is juftly placed 
near Flora the Goddefs of Flowers: She is called Ft* 
ronia , from the Care (he takes in b producing and pro¬ 
pagating Trees. The higher Place is due to her, be- 
caufe Fruits are more valuable than Flowers, and Trees 
than fmall and ignoble Plants. It is faid, (he had a 
Grove facred to her, under the Mountain Sorafite ; this 
was fet on Fire, and the Neighbours were refolved to 
remove the Image of Feronia from thence, when on a 
fudden the Grove became green again. c Strabo re¬ 
ports, that thofe who were infpired by this Goddefs, 
ufed to walk bare-foot upon burning Coals without 
Hurt. Though many believed, that by the Goddefs 
Feronia that Virtue is only meant, by which Fruit and 
Flowers were produced. 


3 Virg. 7. JEn. b Feronia a ferendis arboribus cli&a. 
* Strabo Gcogr. 1 . 5, 

CHA P. 



Gods of the Heathens. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 221 


CHAP. XXIII. 

P O M O N A. * 

P OMONA is the Goddefs 9 the Guardian , the Pre- 
fident , not of the a Apples only, but of all the Fruit 
and the Product of Trees and Plants. As you fee, the 
follows after Flora and Feronia in'Order 5 but in the 
Greatnefs of her Merit fhe far furpafles them ; and has 
i a Prieft who only ferves her, called Flamen Pomonalis . 

P. What toothlefs Hag is that, which is fo obfequi- 
; ous to Pomona ? 

! M, It is not an old Woman, but a God. I do not 
< wonder that you are deceived, fince in this Difguife he 
: deceived Pomona herfelf. When fhe was very bufy in 
I looking after her Gardens and Orchards with great 
\ Care, and was wholly employed in watering and fe- 
i curing the Roots, and lopping the over-grown Bran- 
jj ches, b Vertumnus , a principal God among the Romans 
I (called fo becaufe he had Power to turn himfelf into 
] what Shape he pleafed) was in Love with Pomona , and 
counterfeited the Shape of an old grey-headed Woman. 
; i He C came leaning on a Staffinto the Gardens, admir’d 
-j the Fruit and Beauty of them, and, commending her 
Care about them, he faluted her. He viewed the Gar- 
dens, and, from the Obfervations which he had made, 
| he began to difcourfe of Marriage, telling her that it 
•j would add to the Happinefs even of a God to have her 
'<) to Wife. Obferve fays he, the Trees which creep up 
•] this Wall: How do the Apples and Plums itrive which 

j'! fhall excel the other in Beauty and Colour! whereas, 

■) 

• 1 


j; 1 Pomona a pomis dicitur. k Vertumnus a vertendo. 
\[ i[Uod in quas vellet figuras fefo verterc potcrat. 
c Innitens bacttlo, pq/itis per temfora cants. 

Withgrey-hair’d Noddle, leaning on a Staff. Q-v>Met. 14. 

if 



222 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

If they had not 3 Props or Supports, which, like Huf- 
bands, hold them up, they would perifh and decay. 
All this did not move her, till Vertumnus b changed 
himfelf into a young Man, and then jfhe began alfo to 
feel the Force and Power of Love, and Submitted to 
his Wifhes. 


a At ft 'floret 9 ait , crelebs fine pahnite truncus , 

Nil pr cater frondes , qiiare peteretur, baberet ; 
j Haze quoque, q'icfi j undid njitis requiefeit hi ul?no, 

■ Si non jundt a forct , terra! ac cl in at a jaccret; 

Vu iajnen exemplo non t anger is arbor is bujus. 

Yet, faith he, if this Elm fhould grow alone, 
Except for Shade, it would be priz’d by none : 
And fo this Vine in am’rous Foldings wound. 

If but disjoin’d, would creep upon the Ground: 
Yet art not thou by fuch Examples led. 

But fhunn’ft the Pleafure of an happy Bed. 

t>- J n juvenem reddzti, iSa/iilia demit 

Injlrwnenta Jibi ; talifque apparuit illi 9 
Qualis ubi oppofetas 7iitidiffimci Solis I?nago 
Elicit nubes , nzdlaque objlante relux it, 

Vimquc par at, fed <vi non ejl opus , hzque Jigurd 
Qapta Dei Nymph a eft, & mittua <vzdnera J'enftt. 

•-- Again himfelf he grew ; 

Th’ Infirmities of heatlefs Age depos’d, 

And fuch himfelf unto the Nymph difclos’d ; 

As when the Sun, fubduing with his P^ays 
The muffling Cloud, his golden Brow difplays. 
He Force prepares ; of Force there was no Need, 
Struck with his Beauty, mutually they bleed, N 


C II A P. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


223 


C I-I A P. XXIV. 

■ ’The Nymphs. 

N OW obferve that great Company of neat, pret¬ 
ty, hand fome, beautiful, charming Virgins, who 
are very near the Gardens of Pomona. Some run about 
the Woods, and hide them (elves in the Trunks of the 
aged Oaks; fome plunge the mfelvcs into theFountains 9 
and fome fwim in the Rivers, They are called by one 
common N ame n Nymphs , b becaufe they always look youngs 
or c becaufe they are handfome. Yet all have their 
proper Names befides, which they derive either from 
the Places where they live, or the Offices they perform 5 
they are efpecially diftributed in Three Gaffes, Cek- 
Jiial , Terreflriaf and Marine Nymphs. 

The Celcfllal Nymphs were thofc Genii , thofe Sauls 
and Intellects , t! who guided the Spheres of the Heavens, 
and difpenfed the Influences of the Stars to the Things 
of the Earth. 

Of the Terrejlrial Nymphs fome prefide over the 
Woods, and were called Dryades from a Grech Word % 
which principally fignifies an Gale, but generally any 
Tree whatever. Thefc Dryades had their Habitations 
in the Oaks. . Other Nymphs were called { Hama dryades 9 
for they were born when the Oak was firft planted, and 
when it peri flies they die alfo. The Ancients held ftrange 
Opinions concerning Oaks, they imagined that even 
the fmallcft Oak was fent from Heaven. 


a Phurnut. h 9 A no ru he) (pa'xvti&a t quod Temper 

juvenes apparcant. c ’Avro rS (pnlvuv fplendcre, qudd formas 
decore prafulgcant. <l Kx. Pint. Macrob. Prod. c a 
A(v'c, id eft, q ue reus. Virg. Georg 4. * Ab 

iinnil, & qucrcus. 


The 


254 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

The a DruidaSy Priefts of the Gauhy efteemed nothing 
more divine and facred, than the Excrefcence which 
flicks to Oaks. Others of the Terrejirial Nymphs are 
called b Oreades or Orejliades , becaufe they prefided over 
the Mountains Others c Napaay becaufe they had 
Dominion over the Groves and Failles . Others <l Li- 
moniades , becaufe they looked after the Meadows and 
Fields . And others c Meliat, from the Aih-trees facred 
to them ; and thefe were fuppofed to be the Mothers 
of thofe Children, who were accidentally born under a 
Tree, or expofed there. 

The Marine Nymphs were either thofe Nymphs { 
which prefide over the Seas, and were called Nereides , 
or Nerina , from the Sea-God Nereu$y and the Sea- 
Nymph Doris , their Parents ; (which Nereus and Do* 
ris were born of T etbys and Oceanus , from whom they 
were called Oceanitides and Oceania 5) or thofe Nymphs 
who prefide over the Fountains, and were called s Nai¬ 
des and Naiades 5 or elfe inhabit the Rivers , and were 
called Fluviales or h Potamides ; or laftly, who prefide 
over the Lakes and Ponds, and were called Limnades i 
' from xfjwvv?, [ Limne ,] a Lake. 

All the Gods had Nymphs attending them. Jupiter 
fpeaks of his k in Ovid . Neptune had feveral Nymphs , 
info much that Hejiod and Pindar call him 1 Nympha- 
geteSy that is, the Captain of the Nymphs . The Poets , 
1 generally give him fifty. Phoebus likewife had Nymphs 
called Aganippula and Mufa . Innumerable were the 


a Lil. Gyr. Synt. x. b Ab o%(& Mon3. c a vany, faltus 
vel valiis, d a pratum. c MeXi«, fraxinus. f Or¬ 
pheus in Hymn. s Naw, fluo. ll a fluvius. 1 a 

Aif&iWy lacus. 

k Sw:t mihi Semidei , funt ruflica Niminct Faunty 
Et NympheVy Satyvifjue, & Mont kola SybuanL Met. 1 . !• 
Half Gods and ruftic Fauns attend my Will, 
Nymphs, Satyrs, Sylvans that on Mountains dwell. 

1 NviAtpayfaw, id eft, Nympharum dux. Hcfiod. & Find, 
in Illhui. 

1 Nymphs 


Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 225 

Nymphs of Bacchus , who were called by different 
Names, Bacchas , Bajfarides , Ehides, and Thyades. Hunt- 
ling Nymphs attended upon Diana \ and Sea-Nymphs, 
: called Nereides , waited upon Tetbys . 3 Fourteen very 
beautiful Nymphs belonged to Juno : Out of all which. 
;J will only give you the Hiftory of two. 

Arethufa was one of Diana's Nymphs : Her Virtue 
was as great as her Beauty. The Pleafantnefs of the 
Place invited her to cool herfelf in the Waters of a fine 

4 


:clear River: Alpheus , the God of the River, affumed the 
Shape of a Man, and arofe out of the Water: He firfi: 
Saluted her with kind Words , and then approached near 
: to her; but away /he flies, and he follows her ; and, 
f-when he had almoft overtaken her, the was'diflolved 


j’with Fear, with the Afliflanceof Diana , whom fheim- 
fplored, into a Fountain. b Alpheus then re fumed his 
[former Shape of Water, and endeavoured to mix his 
I'with her Stream, but in vain ; for to this Day Arethufa 
^continues her Flight, and, by her PafTage through a 
tCavity of the Earth, c l lie goes under Ground into Si- 
Alpheus alfo follows by the like fubterraneous Paf- 
(ages, till at Jaft he unites, and marries his own Streams 
iothofe of Arethufa , in that Ifland. 
i Echo ' 1 was a Nymph formerly, though nothing of her 
[but her Voice remains now, and even when fhe was 


r n 

» 1 


a — his fcptcmpraftanti corporc Nympbee. Virg. /Eneid. 1 .1, 

Twice feven, the charming Daughters of the Main, 

Around my Perfon wait, and bear my Train. 

b ——fed cn'in cognofcit amatas 

Amn'ts aquas ; pofitoque njiri, quodfiwipfcrat , ore. 

Vert ifur hiproprias, ut fc illi mifccat , undas . Ov. Met. 5. 

The River his beloved Waters knew; 

And, p lit ting off tlP afllmicd Shape of Man, 

Refumes his own, and in a Current ran. 
c Virgil. JEn 3- 

,! Corpus adhuc Echo, non <vox craf, & lamen ufttm 
$arr u!a non all mu, gnaw nunc habet, oris ha be bat . 

alive. 


226 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


alive, fhe was fo far deprived of her Speech, a that fte 
could not repeat the laft Words Of thofe Sentences 
which fhe heard. b Juno inili&ed this Punifhment on 
her for her Xalkativenefs : For, when fhe came down 
to difcover Jupiter's Amours with the Nymphs, Ech 
detained her very long with her tedious Difcourfes, that 
the Nymphs might have an Opportunity to efcape, and 
hide themfelves. This Echo by Chance met Narcijui 
rambling in the Woods ; and fhe fo admired his Beau, 
ty, that fhe fell in Love with him : fhe difcovered her 
Love to him, courted him, followed him, and embraced 
the proud Youth in her Arms $ but he broke from her 
Embraces, and haftily fled from her Sight; whereupon 
the defpifed Nymph hid herfelf in the Woods, and pine' 
away with Grief, c fo that every Part of her butte 
Voice was confumed, and her Bones were turned into 
Stones. 

Narcijh 


a Redd ere de multis ut <verba no'vijfima pojfet . Ov. Met. I., 

She was a Nymph, though only now a Sound, 

Yet of her Tongue no other Ufe was found. 

Than now ihe has ; which never could be more, 
Than to repeat what ihe had heard before. 
b Freer at hoc Juno, quia cum deprendere poffet 
Sub Jo-vc fwpe fuo Nymphas hi monte jacenies. 

Ilia dcam Ion go prudens Jermone tenebat , 

Dam fugcrent Nympbn ?. 

■ This Change impatient Juno's Anger wrought. 
Who, when her Joojc ihe o’er the Mountains fought, 
Was oft by Echo's tedious Tales mifled. 

Till the fhy Nymphs to Caves and Grottos fled, 
c Fox tantum , atquc fuperfuvt : 

Vex manct : oft a fcnuit lapidis traxiftfe Jiguram ; 

Jude latci fyl<vis, nulloquc in monte, rvidetur , 

Omnibus audit nr : /onus eft qui ajiaiit in ilia. 

Her Flefh confumes and moulders with Defpalr, 

And all her Body’s Juice is turn’d to Air ; 

So wond’rous arc the EfR;6ts of refllefs Pain, 

That nothing but her Voice and-Bones remain# 

c* ft 


Of the Gods of the Heathe?is 


227 


flarcijfus met with as bad a Fate; for, though he would 
neither love others, nor admit of their Love, yet he fell 
fo deeply in Love with his own Beauty, that the Love 
of himfelf proved his Ruin. His Third led him to a 
a Fountain, whole Waters are clear and bright as Sil¬ 
ver: When he (looped down to drink, he faw his own 
Image : he flayed gazing at it, was wonderfully pleafed 
with the Beauty of it, infomuch that he fell pafiionatdy 
in Love with it. A b little Water only feparated him 
from his beloved Obje£fc. He continued a c long Time 
admiring his own beloved Piclure, before he difeovered 
what it was that he fo pafiionatdy adored ; but, at length, 
d the unhappy Creature perceived, that the Torture he 
differed was from the Love of his own felf. In a Word, 
his Paffion conquered him, and the Power of Love was 

greater 



Nay, ev’n the very Bcnes at laft are gone. 

And metamorphos’d to a thoughtlcfs Stone; 

Yet dill the Voice does in the Woods furvive ; 

The Form’s departed, but the Sound’s alive. 
a Fofis erat illimis nitidis argent cus undis. Ovid. Met. 1 . 3. 
There was, by Chance, a living Fountain near, 

Whofe unpolluted Channel ran fo clear. 

That it feem’d liquid Silver. 

b Exigud prohibetur aquci -- 

A little Drop of Water does remove 
And keep him from the Objcttof his Love. 

c'—‘- Std opaca fufus in herb a 

Sped? at incxpleto 7nendace.n1 lit mine formam, 

Pcrquc oados peril ipje fuos. 

-lie lies extended on the fliady Grafs, 

Viewing with greedy Byes the pidlur’d Face, 

And on himfelf brings Ruin. 

<' ~ . Flammas , i n q u i t, mo*vcoque , fa'oque: 

Fhtod cupio mccum cjl ; inn pan me cop infecit* 

O utinam a nojlyo feedere cor pore pojjetn / 

Volum in am ante noviwi eft njdlun quod amamtts (the(Jet, 

My Love docs vainly on my felf return. 

And fans the cruel Flames with which I burn. 

O a 


The 


22B Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

greater than he could refift, fo that, by Degrees, a he 
wafted away andconfumed, and, at laft, by the Favour 
of the Gods > was turned into a Daffodil, a Flower cab 
led by his own Name. 


The Thing defir’d I ftill about me bore. 

And too much Plenty has confirm’d me poor. 

O that 1 from my much-lov’d felf could go, 

O ftrange Requeft, yet would to God ’twerc fo ! 

a —. cittcniiatus amove 

Liquttur , £3 caco paidatim carpitur ignc. 

No Vigour, Strength, or Beauty does remain, 
But hidden Flames confume the wafting Swain. 


CHAP. XXV. 

The Inferior Rural Deities . 

T PIE Images of thefe Gods and Goddefies are fo 

fmall, that we cannot difcern their Figures: 
Wherefore I will only recount their Names. And firft, 
Rufina , the Goddefs to whofe Care all the Parts of 
the Country are committed. Then 
Colima , file who reigns over the Hills . 

Valiant a , who holds her Empire in the Vallies. 
Hippona , b who prefides over the Horfes and Stables . 
c This was the Name alfo of a beautiful Woman, be¬ 
gotten by one Fulvius from a Mare. 

Bubona , who hath the Care of the Oxen. 

Scia 9 ' 3 who takes Care of the Seed, whiJft it lies bu¬ 
ried in the Earth. She is like wife called c Scgctia\ be- 
caufe fhe takes care of the Blade , as foon as it appears 
green above the Ground. 


;i Ah fww©-', i. e. eejuus. Apnleius Aftn. aur. 1. 3 . c Tcr- 
tullian. Apol. d a ferendo nomen liabct Scia. ut c Scgetia 
a Segclc. PI in. 1. 8. 


Rwicifi* 



Of. the Gods of the Heathens . 229 

Runctna is the Goddcfs of Weeding . She is invoked 
a when the Fields are to be weeded. 

Occator is the God of Harrowing. He is vv or (hipped 
1 when the Fields are to le harrowed. 

Sator and Sarritor are the c Gods of Sowing and Ra- 
king. 

To the God Robigus were celebrated Feftivals called 
Robigalia , which were ufually obferved upon the 7th of 
the Calends of May , to avert the d Blafing of the Corn. 

Slercutinsy Stercutus , or Sterculius , called like wife 
Sterquilius and Picumnus , is the Rural God, who firft 
invented the Art of c Dunging the Ground. 

Proferpina is the Goddefs which prefides over the 
Corn, F when it is fproutedpretty high above the Earth . 
Welhallfpeak more of her when we dilcourfe concern¬ 
ing the Infernal Deities. 

Nod of us i or Nodotus , is the God that takes Care of the 
g Knots and the joints of the Stalks. 

Volufia is the Goddefs which takes care to fold the 
Blade round the Corn, before the Beard breaks out, 
which h Foldings of the Blade contain the Beard, as 
Pods do the Seed. 

Patelina takes Care of the Corn, 3 after it is broken 
out of the Pod, and appears. 

The Goddefs Flora prefides over the Ear, when it k 
bloffoms. 

And Lafiura or LaSlucwa^ who is next to Flora , pre- 
fules over the Ear when it begins 1 to have Milk. 

And Matura takes Care that the Ear comes to a juft 
Maturity . 



i- a Cum. runeaniur agri. b Cum ocean/ur agri, Serv. in 
jj Georg, 1. Plin. 1 . 18. c. 29. c Ita didli a Serendo id Sar- 
j; riendo . d Ad aver tend am a falls rubiginem* c Ita dicitur 
f'ii 6 'tercore. f Cum fuper terrain leges preferpferit. *5 Pne- 
i;]>onitur Nod/s Gcniculifquc culmomm. ll Foliiculorum ///- 
■j vol/icr/s pncficitur. 1 Cum fpicayv?/< 7 pollquani e folliculis 


Kmerfit. 


k Cum florej'cit. 


0.3 


LcUteJcere , 


Ilojlilina 





I 



Hojlilina was worfhipped, that the Ears of the Corn 
might grow a even, and produce a Crop proportion- 
able to the Seed Town. 

Tutelina , or Tutulina^ hath the "Tutelage of Corn when 
it is reaped. 

Philumnus invented the Art of b Kneading and Ba¬ 
king the Corn. 

Mellona invented the c Art of making Honey. 

And Fornax is efleemed a Goddefs ; becaufe, before 
the Invention of Grinding the Wheat, the Bread Corn 
was parched in a Furnace . Ovid' x makes mention of 
this Goddefs. 

Thefe me.an Deities are but the Rcfufe of the Gods. 
Let us leave them, and turn our Eyes to the 1 . eft- 
hand Wall in this Pantheon * where we {hall fee the 
Gods of the Sea . 




3 Ab ho/Hre , quod veteruni lingua fignificabat idem quod 
square. Augultinus de Civitate jam laudatus. b A. piland^ 
Id ell, condenfando & farinam fubigendo. Vid. Sery. in 
iEneid. 9. c Artem niellificii excogitavit. 

41 Taft a Dca ejl Fornax, lecti for n ace coloni 

Or ant tit vires temperet \ilia Jitas. Fall, 1. 6, 

A Goddefs Fornax is, and her the Clowns adore. 
That they may’ve kindly Batches by her Pow’r, 



part 















































































































































































































































CHAP. I. 


SECT. I. Ne p t u n e. His Name and 

Defcent • 

HIS is a.glorious and beautiful Scene. 
Are thefe the Gods of the JVaters ? Are 
thefe the Marine Gods , whofe numerous 
Companions are carried all over the li¬ 
quid Plains of the Sea in Shells ? 

M » Thefe are the Gods , the Prcfi- 
dents , the Princes of the vaft Finny Regions, and the 
Moderators of the flowing Waves. 

P. And who is that King, with black Flair and blue 
Eyes, who holds a Sceptre in his Right-hand 1 iIce a 
Fork with three ‘ Tines , and is fo beautifully arrayed in 
a Mantle of Jl%urc, clafping his Left-Hand round his 
Queen’s Waift? He {lands upright in his Chariot, 
which is a large Efca 11 op»lhell drawn by Sca-horfes, 
and attended by odd Kind of Animals, which re fum¬ 
ble Men in the upper Parts, and Filh in the lower, 

Q .4 M. It 



« 


232 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

M . Tt is Neptune , whofe Name is derived by the 
Change of a few Letters from the Word a Nubo , which 
fignifies to cover ; becaufe the Sea encompaffe, embra¬ 
ces, and, as it were, covers the Land* Or, as others be¬ 
lieve, he is fo called from the Egyptian Word (Nep - 
then) which fignifies the CoalL and Promontories, and 
other Parts of the Earth which are wafhed by the Wa¬ 
ters. So that 5 Tally i who derives Neptune d Nando , 
from fwimming, is either miftaken, c or the Place is 
corrupt. 

It is Neptune , I fay, the Governor of the Sea , the Fa - 
ther of the Rivers and the Fountains, and the Son of 
Saturn by Ops . His Mother preferved him from the 
devouring Jaws of Saturn , who, as we remarked a- 
bove, eat up all the Male Children that were born to 
him, by giving Saturn a young Foal to eat in his Stead. 
In the Greek he is called ilocrsMv [ Pojeidon ] becaufe lie 
fo binds d our Feet that we are not able to walk within 
his Dominions, that is, on the Water. 

When he came to Age, Saturn's Kingdom was divi¬ 
ded by Lot, and the Maritime Parts fell tq him. He and 
Apollo , by 'Jupiter' s Command, were forced to ferve La - 
cmedon , in building the Walls of Troy: Becaufe he and 
fome other Gods had plotted againft Jupiter . Then 
he took G Amphitrite to IViJc , who refufed a long Time 
to hearken to his Courtfhip, and comply with his De¬ 
fires ; but, at laft, by the Afliftance of a Dolphin, and 
by the Power of Flattery he gained her. To recom- 
penfr which Kindnefs, the Dolphin was placed among 
the Stars, ancl made a Conftellation. Neptune had two 
other Wives befides, Salacia , fo named from Salum> the 


a A mtbc?:dt> % quod mare terras obnubat. Varro. b Tul¬ 
lius de Nat. Door. 1. 2 . c Lipfius and Bochartus. d Qui 
mocrl hoc eft, pedibus vinculum injicit, ne pedibusa- 

cjuas ambulcmus. Plato in Cratyl. c Dicitur ufjtpirpWy d 
trh dfA<pir^i0nv 9 a circuniterendo, quod terrain marc cir- 
cumterat. 

Sen, 


the Gods of the Heathens. 

Sea, a or the Salt Water towards the lower Part and Bot¬ 
tom of the Sea. And Penelia, (o named from Peniendo* 
becaufe the Sea goes and conies with the Tides it ebbs 
and flows by Turns. 




a Augufiinus de Civitate Dei. 

SECT. II. Actions of Neptune. 

T HE Poets tell us, that Neptune produced a b Horfe 

in Attica out of the Ground, by c ftriking it with 
his Trident \ whence he is called Hippius , and d Hippo - 
dromus , and isefleemed the P ref dent over the Horfe- 
Races. At his Altar in the Circus of Rome , Games were 
inftituied, in which they reprefented c the ancient Ro¬ 
mans by Violence carrying away the Sabine Virgins. 
His Altar was under Ground, and he was facrificed un¬ 
to by the Name of f Con jus , God of Counfel \ which, for 
the in oft part, ought to be given privately ; and there¬ 
fore the God Conjus was worfhipped in an obfeure and 
private Place. The folemn Games g Confitalia , which 
were celebrated in the Month of March , were inftitu- 
ted in Honour of Neptune , whofe other Name was* as 
I have faid. Coif us . At the fame Time the Horfes left 
working, and the Mules were adorned with Garlands 
of Flowers. 

Hence alfo it comes that the Chariot fas you fee) of 
Neptune is drawn by Hippocampi , or Sea- Horfes , as well 
as fometimes by Dolphins. Thofe Sea-Horfes had the 
Tails of Fifties, and only two Feet, which were like 


13 Sophocl. in CEdip. 
c Pcrcujja magno failure tridentc . 

With his huge Trident having (truck the Ground. 

Virg. Georg. I r. 

A Ab i. e. cquus, 8c o$, i. e. curfus* Pindar, 

Ode i.Ifth. Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. c Dion. Fla lie. 1, 2 . 
f A confilio clando, Servius ylincid, 8. s Hut. in Roinulo, 
Dion, FI a lie, 1. 2 . 


the 


234 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


the Fore-feet of a Hoife, according to the Defcription 
given of him in a Statius ; and this is the Reafon why 
h Firgil calls them two footed Horfes. Neptune guides 
them, and goads them forward with his Trident, asit 
is prettily exprefled in c Statius . 

It was therefore Neptune s peculiar Office, not only 
to prefide over, and govern Horfes both by Land and by 
Sea, but alfothe Government of Ships was committed 
to his Care, which were always fafe under his Protec. 
tion : For, whenever he d rides upon the Waters, the 
Weather immediately grows fair, and the Sea calm. 

SECT, 


a Illic JEgeo Nept unit s gurgit efejfos 

J/z porterm deducit cquos y prior haurit habenas 

TJnguIa , pojlremi folvuntur in atquorepifees » Thcb, 2 . 

Good Neptune's Steeds to reft are fet up here. 

In the JEgean Gulph, whofe fore Parts harmlefs bear 
Their hinder Parts fiih-fhap’d. 

b --. Magnum quipifeibus rtquor, 

Et jritfto bipedum curru metitar e quorum , Georg. 1. 4 , 

—-- Through the vafl Sea he glides. 

Drawn by a Team half Fifh half Horfe he rides. 

c ‘Triplici iclo jubet ire jugales : 

Jili fpumferos glower ant a pettoreJhtdlus y 

Pone natant, dclentque pedum njeftigia caudd. Achil. 1. I. 

Shaking his Trident, urges on his Steeds, 

Who with two Feet beat from their brawny Breaks 
The foaming Billows; but their hinder Parts 
-Swim, and go fmooth againft the curling Surge. 

Homer . in Hymn, Sil, ItaL /. \> 
d ..-• *Ttomda tvquora placat , 

Colledlafquc fugat nubes , Jblcmque reducit, JEncid. 1. I* 


ITe fmooths the Sea, 


Difpcls the Darknefj, and rcllorcs the Day. 

—- trquora poftqnam 

ProJ'piciC'is Gcnitor y Co loque invedlus aperto , 

Fleet it cqtios , curru quo <volans dat lor a J'ce undo. 
Sub fidunt undn', limit ((unique fub axe tonanti 
Stcrnitur a'quor aquis 7 fngiunt *vaJlo ec there nimbi. 


Whore 




Of the Gods of the Heathen's. 

- - » Where-e’er he guides 

His finny Courfers, and in Triumph rides. 
The Waves unruffle, and the Sea fubiid.es. 



SECT. III. Children of Neptun : e. 

T HE moft remarkable of his Children were Phor- 
cus , or Pborcys , and Proteus . 

Phorcus was his Son ;l by the Nymph Thcfea. He 
•was vanquished by Atlas , and drowned in the Sea : His 
furviving Fiiends faid, that he was made a Sea-God., 
and therefore they worfhipped him. We read of ano¬ 
ther Phorcus , b who had three Daughters ; they had 
but one Eye among them all, which thev all could 
ufe: When any of them defired to fee any Thing, fhe 
fixed her Eye in her Forehead, in the fame Manner as 
Men fix a Diamond in a Ring : When fhe had ufed 
it, (lie pulled the Eye out again, that her Sifters might 
have it ; thus they all ufed it, as there was Occafion. 
Proteus , his other Son, was the c Keeper of the Sea- 
Calves ; his Mother was the Nymph Phcenice . d He 
could convert himfelf into all Sorts of Shapes ; fome- 
times he could flow like the Water, and fometimes 
burn like the Fire ; fometimes he was a Fifh, fome¬ 
times a Bird, a Lion, or whatfoever he pleafed : Nor 
was this wonderful Fower enjoyed by Proteus alone; 
for Vertumnus , one of the Gods of the Romans, had it; 
his Name {hews it, as we obferved before in the Story 
of Pomona . And from that God, Vertnmnus , comes that 
common Latin Expreflion, hem or male vertht, may it 
fucceed well or ill; becaufe it is the Bufincfs of the God 
Vertumnus c to prefide over the Turn or Change of Things , 


n Var. ad. Nat. Com. h Palazphat. in fab, c Pho- 
carnm feu Vituloruin marinonun pallor, Tzetz. chil, z. 
hifl. 44. <l Ovid. Mctam. 8. c Vertumnus didlus eft 
a vertendo. Rebus ad opinnta revertentibus pnuefle. 
Donatus in Terent. 


which 


236 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

which happen according to Expectation ; though often¬ 
times what we think good is found, in the Conclufion, 
{male vert ere'} to be worfe than was expected ; as that 
* Sword was which Dido received from /Eneas , with 
which fhe afterwards killed herfelf. 

Neptune b endued Periclimenus , Nejlor *s Brother, with 
the fame Power, who was afterwards killed by Hercules 
in the Shape of a Fly, for, when he fought againfl Ne - 
leusy a Fly tormented him, and ftung him violently; 
when Pallas difeovered to Hercules , that this Fly was 
Periclimenus , he killed him. 

Neptune gave the fame Power to c Metra , Meflra , or 
F/Iejlre, the Daughter of Erijifihon: She obtained this 
Reward from him, becaufe he had debauched her, by 
which Power fhe was enabled to fuccour her Father’s 
infatiable Hunger. 

For the fame Caufe Canis, a Virgin of Thejfaly , ob¬ 
tained the fame, or rather a greater Power from Nep- 
tune , for he gave her Power to change her Sex, and 
made her invulnerable ; fhe therefore turned herfelf 
into a Man, and was called Cceneus : She fought againft 
the Centaurs 9 till they had overwhelmed her with a.vaft 
Toad of Trees, and buried her alive d ; after which 
fhe was changed into a Bird of her own Name. 


a . . .... enfcmque recludit 

Dardan turn, non hos qudjttummnntts inufus. Virg*. /En 1. 4 , 

—.— - The Trojan Sword unfheath’d, 

A Gift by him not to this Ufe bequeath'd. ' •- 

* Homer, in OdylT. 1 . 11. 

c Nunc eqtta , nunc ales , modo bos , mo do feruus abibat, 

Prabebatq; avido non jujla aliment a parent i, Ov. Met. 1.8. 
Now Hart-like, now a Cow, a bird, a Mare, 

She fed her Father with ill-purchas'd Fare. 

4 Ovitl, Metam. 



C H A P. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


CHAP. II. 

Triton, and the other Marine Gods. 

tfRlTON was the a Son of Neptune by Jlmphitrite: 
d- He was his Father’s Companion and b Trumpeter . 
Down to his Navel he refembles a Man, but his other 
Part is like a Filh. His two c Feet are like the Fore¬ 
feet of a Horfe, his Tail is cleft and crooked, like a 
Half-Moon, and his Hair refembles wild Parfley. Two 
Princes of Parnajfus ( d Virgil and c Ovid) give moil: 
elegant Descriptions of him. 

Oceanus 9 


3 Hefiod. in Thcogon. 2. Stat. 6. Theb. b Virg. JEn, 1. 
c Apollon. Argon. 4. 

d Hunt' vehit immanis Triton , & carula concha 
Exterrens fret a ; ad late nan tenus hifpida nanti 
From ho/nine m prafcrt , in prifim deflnit alvus, 

Spumea peflfero fub pe&ore murmur at unda . ^En. jo„ 

Him and his martial Train the Triton bears. 

High on his Poop the Sea-green God appears; 
Frowning, he feems his crooked Shell to found. 

And at the Blaft the Billows dance around. 

An hairy Man above the Waifl: he grows ; 

A Porpoife Tail beneath his Belly grows. 

And ends a Filh : His Breads the Waves divide. 

And Froth and Foam augment the murm’ring Tide.. 
c Car id cum Trito/ia wo cat, conchaque. fon anti 
Jnfpirarc jubet , flu SI ij quo & flumina flgno 
Ja/n revocare dato. Cava buccina fnmitur il/J , 

Tort His in latum , qua turbine crefcii i?i i/no ; 

Buccmci voce rep let Jub utroque jacentia Phot bo. Met. I, 

Old Triton riling from the Deep he fpies, 

Whofe Shoulders rob’d, with native Purple, rile. 

And bids him his loud-founding Shell inlpire. 

And give the Floods a Signal to retire. 


He 


23 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens\ 

Oceanus , another of the Sea-Gods y a was the Son of 
Coslum and Vejla b who, by the Ancients, was called the 
Father , not only of all the Rivers, hue of the Animals, 
and of the very Gods themfelves 5 for they imagined, 
that all the Things in Nature took their Beginning 
from him. It is faid, he begot of his Wife Tethys Three 
Thoufand Sons, the moft eminent of which were, 

Nereus, c who was nurfed and educated by the Wovn, 
d and afterwards dwelt in the JEgean Sea, and became 
a famous Prophefier. He c begat Fifty Daughters by 
his Wife Doris , which Nymphs were called, after their 
Father’s Name, Nereides. 

Palccjnon , and his Mother Ino , arealfo to be reckon’d 
among the Sea-Deities. They were made Sea-Gods 
on this Occafion; Ino 9 s Hufband Athamas was di ft railed, 
and tore his Son Learchus into Pieces, and dallied him 
againft the Wall: Ino faw this, and fearing left the fame 
Fatefhould come upon herfelf, and her other Sun, Mi- 
licerta , (he took her Son, and with him threw herfelf 
into the Sea, where they were made Sea-Deities: No* 
thing perifhed in the Wafers but their Names. Tho 1 
their former Names were loft in the Waves, yet they 
found new ones : She was called Lcucotbea , and he Pa* 
Icemon by the Greeks , and Portumnus by the Latins. 

Glaucus the Fifherman became a Sea-God by a more 
pleafant Way : For, when he pulled the Fi/b, which 
he had caught, out of the Nets, and laid them on the 
Shore, he obfetved, that, by touching a certain f Herb, 
the Fifli recovered their Strength, and leaped again in* 
to the Water. He wondered at fo ftrange an JiffeiSl, and 


He his wreath’d Trumpet takes (as given in Charge) 

. That from the turning bottom grows more large: 
This, when the Numc?i o’er the Ocean founds. 

The Eafl and Well;, from Shore to Shore, rebounds. f 
a Hefiod. in Theogon. b Orph. in Hymn, FIchod ibid. 
c Ilorat. 1. Carm, Euripid, in fphig. c /Ipoi. 4* 

f Strab. 1 . o. 

had 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. sg-p 

had a Defire to tafle this Herb: a When he''had tailed 
it, he followed his Fifh, and, leaping into the Water, 
became a God of the Sea . 

To thefe we may add the Story of Canopus , a God* 
of the Egyptians , who, by the Help of Water, gained a 
memorable Vidlory over the Gods of the Chaldeans . 
b When thefe two Nations contended about the Power 
and Superiority of their Gods, the Priefts confented to 
bring thefe two Gods together, that they might decide 
their Controverfy : The Chaldeans brought their God 
Ignis (Fire) and the Egyptians brought Canopus ; they 
fet the two Gods near one another to fight ; Canopus 9 s 
Belly was a great Pitcher filled with Water, and full 
of Holes, but lb (lopped with Wax, that no-body could 
difcern them. When the Fight began. Fire , the God 
of the Chaldeans, melted the Wax, which flopped the 
Holes, fo that Canopus , with Rage and Violence, af- 
faulted him with Streams of Water, and totally extin- 
guifhed, vanquifhed, and overcame him. 

a Ovid. Metam. 1 . 13. b Ruffin. 1 . 11. c. 26. 


CHAP. III. 

SECT. I. The Monfters of the Sea . 

The Sirens. 


HERE were three Sirens , whofe Parentage is 
JL uncertain, though fome fay, c that they were the 
Offspring of Ach clous the River , and Melpomene the 
Mid'c . ,l Thcv had the Faces of Women, but the Bo¬ 


dies of 
Pc lor is 
I (lands 


flying Fiflt: They dwelt near the Promontory 
in Sicily (now called Capo di Fayo) or in the 
called c Sir mu fa, which are fit u ate in the ex- 


c Nicand. Metam. 3. (I OvivU Metam. 3. c Strabo. 
1 . g, Idem, 1 , 1. 


treme 



24° Of the Gods of the Heathens - 

extreme Parts of Italy, where, with the Sweetnefs of 
their Singing, they allured all the Men to them, that 
failed by thofe Coafts \ and when, by their Charms, 
they brought upon them a dead Sleep, they drowned 
them in the Sea, and afterwards took them out and 
devoured them. Their Names were Pa*netbope , (who 
died at Naples, for which Re-ifon that City was for¬ 
merly called Partbenopc) Ligea , and Leucofia. 

That their Charms might be eafilier received, and 
make the greater Imprefllon on the Minds of the Hear¬ 
ers, they ufed mufical Inftruments with their Voices, 
a adapted the Matter of their Songs to the Temper and 
Inclination of their Hearers. b W'ith f me Songs they 
indeed the Ambitious, with others the Voluptuous, 
and with other Songs they drew on the Covetous to 
their Deftru£tion. 

P. What then ? Could no Pafiengers ever efcape 
this Plague ? 

ltd . Hiftory mentions only two, UlyJJes and Orpheus , 
who efcaped. c The firft was forewarned of the Danger 
of their charming Voices, by Circe\ wherefore he (top¬ 
ped the Ears of his Companions with Wax, and was 
himfelf faft bound to the Mail of the Ship, by which 
Means he fafely pafled the fatal Coafts. d But Orpheus 
overcame them in their own Art, and evaded the 
Temptations of their murdering Mujick , by playing 
upon bis Harp, and finging the Praifes of the Gods fo 
well, that he out-did the Sirens . The Fates had or¬ 
dained, that the Sirens fhould live, till fomebody, who 
pafled by, heard them fing, and yet cfcaped alive. When 
therefore they faw themlelvcs overcome, they grew dc- 


a Homer. OdyfT. 

b Movjlra Maris Sir cues crant > qtiec <voce canora 

Quajlibct admijfas dot inner c rates . Ov. de Art. Am. 1 . 3. 
Sirens were once Sca-M.onfi.ers, mere Decoys, 
Trepanning Seamen with their tuneful Voice, 
c Homer. Ody/T, 1• d Apollon, Argon. 


fperatc 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 241 


fperate, and threw themfelves headlong into the Sea? 
and were turned into Stones. Some write that they 
were formerly Virgins, Profcrpina* s Companions, who 
fought every-where for her when fhe was dolen away 
by Pluto ; but when they could not find her, they were 
fo grieved that they caft themfelves into the Sea, and 
from that Time were changed into Sea-Monfters. a O- 
thers add, that, by "Juno* s Perfuafion, they contended in 
Mufick with the Mufes, who overcame them, and, to 
punifh their Rafhnefs, cut ofF their Wings, with which 
they afterwards made for themfelves Garlands. 

P. What did the Poets fignify by this Fiddon ? 

M. That the b Minds of Men are depofed from their 
proper Seat and State by the Allurements of Plea Jure . It 
conupts them 5 there is not a more deadly Plague in 
.Nature to Mankind than Voluptuoufnefs : Whoever 
s addidls himfelf altogether to Pleafures, lofes his Rea- 

j fon, and is ruined ; and he that defires to decline their 

% 

[Charms, muft flop his Ears, and not liflen to them, but 
| mu ft hearken to the Mufick of Orpheus ; that is, he 
\ muft obferve the Precepts and Inftrudtions of the Wife . 

\ Now turn your Eyes to thofe two Monfters, who 
; are called Scylla and Charybdis . 

4 



;i a Paufan. in Boeot. 
j h Voluptatum illecebris 
Imovcri. Cicero Paradox. 1. 


xnentem e fua fedc Sc ftatu di 
dc Senedlute. 


SECT. II. Scylla and C1-1 arybdis. 


om 


'^T A H E Defcription of Scylla is very various; for fame 
A fay, that a file was a mod beautiful Woman from 
the Breads downward,but had fix Dogs Heads. Again, 
others fay, that in her upper Parts flic refcmblcd a Wo- 
wan, in her lower a Serpent and a Wolf. 13 ut, what- 

R ever 


Ilomcri Ody{i\ 




242 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

ever her Picture was, a every body fays (he was the 
Daughter of Phorcus . She was courted by Glaucus , ani 
received his Embraces 5 whereupon Circe , who pailio- 
nately loved Glaucus , and could not bear that Scylla vm 
preferred before her by Glaucus , b poifoned, with venc* 
mous Herbs, thofe Waters in which Scylla ufed to waft 
herfelf: Scylla was ignorant of it, and, according to her 
Cuftom, went into the Fountain ; and when fhe fa» 
that the lower Parts of her Body were turned into the 
Pleads of Dogs, being extremely grieved that fhe had loll 
her Beauty, fhe cafl herfelf headlong into the Sea, where 
fhe was turned into a Rock, infamous for the many 
Ship-wrecks which happen there, which Rock is ilill 
Teen in the Sea, which divides Italy from Sicily, between 
Afej/ina , a City of Sicily , and Rhegiwn (now called Reg¬ 
gio ) in Calabria . "This Rock is faid to be furroundetj 
with Dogs and Wolves, who devour the Perfons who 
are caft away there. But hereby is meant only, that 
when, the Waves, by a violent Storm, are da(M 
againft this great Rock, the Noife a little refembles the 
Barking of Dogs, and the Howling of Wolves. 

P+ You fay, that Scylla was the Daughter of Pkr> 
cus *, but was fhe not rather the Daughter of Nifiii 
..King of Me gar a ? 

Al. No, that Scylla was another Woman ; for Scylla, 
c the Daughter of King Ni/us , was in Love with Mm 
who belieged her Father in the City of Megara , Sjic 
betrayed both her Father and her Country to him, by 
cutting off the fatal Lock of purple Hair, in which 
were contained her Father’s and her Country’s Safety, 
and fent it to the Befiegcr. Minos gained the City by 
it, but detefted Scylla' s Perfidioufnefs, and hated her: 
She could not bear this Misfortune, but was changed 
into a Lark, Nifus, her Father, was like wife changed 
into a Sf>ar~Hawk, which is called Ni/us , after & 


« 

v 

a 

a 


Bl 


•a 
■ h 


5 






a Apollon, 3. Argon. b Myro Prian. U 3* R cruni 

Mwflan. • c Paufanias in Attic. 

Na«tcj 



Of the Gods of the Heat hen $. 


H3 


Name; and this Spar-Hawk, as if he yet fought to pu- 
nilh his Daughter’s great Bafenefs, ftill purfues the 
Lark with great Fury to devour her* 

Charybdis is a vaft Whirlpool in the fame Sicilian Sea 3 
bver-againft **Scylla , which fwallows down whatfoever 
comes within its Circle, and vomits it up again. They 
fay, that this Charybdis was formerly a very ravenous 
Woman, who ftole away Hercules's Oxen, for which 
Theft Jupiter ftruck her dead with Thunder, and 
then turned her into this Gulph. You will find an 
elegant Description of thefe two Monfters, Scylla and 
Charybdis , hi b Virgil. 

P . What do thefe Fables of Scylla and Charybdis 
reprefent to us ? 

M They reprefent to us Luft and Gluttony, trion- 
ftrous Vices, which render our Voyage thro’ this World 
extremely hazardous and perilous. Luft, like Scylla 3 


a Virg. Georg. 

k Dextrtim Scylla lotus> lamirn implacata Charybdis 
Obfidet , . atque imo Barathri. ter gurgite <vaf}os 
Sorbet in abrupt urn fit tins, rurfufq; fub auras 
Erigit alternosy let Jtdcra ajcrberat undd. 

At Scy/lam ctccis cohibet fpclunca latebris 
Ora exert ant ern, iff nwves in fax a trahcntem. 

Prim a hominis facies , iff pule hro pc Store <virgo 
Pube ten us’; pefrema ivmiani compare Pifcis, 

Delphi?! urn caudas litero commiffa luporum . ^Eneid. 1 . 

Far on the Right her Dogs foul Scylla hides : 1 

Charybdis roaring on the Left prefidcs, ' > 

And in her greedy Whirpool fucks the Tides : j 

Then fpouts them from below ; with Fury driv’n, , 
The Waves mount up, and wadi the Face of Heaven ; 
But Scylla, from her Den, with open Jaws 
The finking Veftel in her Eddy draws, 

Then dailies on the Rocks : A Human Face, 

And Virgin-Bofom, hides the 'Tail’s Di/grace. 

Her*Parts obfccuc below tlie Waves defeend, 

Wifli Dogs inclos’d, and in a Dolphin end. 

R a 


enrage *3 




* 

244 Of the Gods of the Heatheris. 

enrages unwary Patten gers by the Beauty and Pomp q‘ 
her Outfide, and when they are entangled in her Snares, 
fhe tortures, vexes, torments, and difquiets them with 
Rage and Fury, which exceeds the Madnefs of Dogs, 
or the Ravenoufnefs of Wolves. Gluttony is a Cha* 
rybdis , a Gulph , a Whirl-pool that is infatiable 5 it buries 
Families alive, and devours Eftates, and conifumes 
Lands and Treafures, and fucks up all Things ; They 
are neighbouring Vices* and, like Scylla and Cbarybdis , 
are but little diftant from each other ; nay, they are 
feldom feparate, but aft with united Forces ; for you 
will not ealily find a Man, who is greatly addifted to 
the Luxury of Eating and Drinkings who is not alfo a 
Slave to the Luxury of Concupifcence , and befmeared 
with the forbidden Filth of bafe Pleafures, and wholly 
given up to do the moft vile and impudent Lufts. 

But it is now Time to confider the Place in which 
the Wicked are tormented eternally , or rather to call 
down our Eyes upon it, in the lower Apartment of this 
Pantheon , where the Infernal Gods are painted : We 
will only take a tranfitory View of this Scene, fince 
it will be very unpleafant to ftay long in fo doleful} fo 
fad a Place,, 



PART 



T"tiers *45. 


















































































p 


A 


R 


T 


IV. 


Of the Infernal Deities 


CHAP. i. 

A View of Hell. 

9 

% 

Wonderous What a horrid and 
difinal Spectacle is here ! 

' trow ^ r ° u mu ® * ma g' ne that we 

are now in the Confines of HelL 

Prithee come along with me ; I will 
be the fame Friend to you which the 
a Sibyl *was to Mncas . Nor fliall you need a golden 
Bough to prefent to Proferpine . You fee here painted 
thofe Regions of Hell, of which you read a moft ele¬ 
gant Defcription in b Virgil . The Paflage that leads 
to thefe infernal Dominions was a wide dark Cave> 
through which you pafs by a fteep rocky Defcent, 
till you arrive at a gloomy Grove, and an unnavi- 

gable 


a Virgil. TEncid. 6. 

’’ Spelt me a alta fiat , <vafloq ; immanis hialn % 

Scraped) tat a lacu nigro vetnor unique tenebris . 

R 3 $>uani 




246 


♦ « • 

Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


gable Lake called c Avernus , from whence fuch poi. 
fonous Vapours arife 9 that no Birds can fly over it, 
for in their Flight they fall down dead, being poifoned 
with the Stench of it. 

P. But what Mongers are thofe which 1 fee placed 
at the very Entrance of Hell ? > 

M . Virgil will tell you a what they are. They are 

thofe 


Quamfuper baud ullae ppterant impune volantes 
endere iter pewits : talis fefe balitus atris 
Faucibus ejfundens fupera ad convexa ferebat • 
hide locum Graii dixerimt nomine Avenium, JEn. 6, 

Deep was the Cave, and downward as it went. 

From the wide Mouth, a rocky rough Defcent; 

.And here th’ Accefs a gloomy Grove defends ; ' 

And there the unnavigable Lake extends ; 

O’er whofe unhappy Waters, void of Light, 

No Bird prefumes to (leer his airy Flight: 

Such deadly Stenches from the DeptlVarife, 

And fleaming Sulphur which infedts the Skies, 

Hence do the Grecian Bards their Legends make. 

And give the Name Avernus to the Lake. 
c Avernus dicitur quafi ao£v^, id eft, fine avibus. Qu6d 
nullie volucres lacum ilium, ob Iptliiferum halitum, prater* 
Volare falva: pofTeht. 

a Vejiibulum ante ipfum , primifq\ in faucibus Orci 9 
Ludlus Cf uhrices pofuere cubiJia Curd: ; 

Pallentifq\ habitant Morbi, trijlifque Scne&us, 

Et Met us , £5 malcfuada Fames , iS turpis Egefas , 

(Perribiles vifu forma:) Lethumque y Laborque . 

Pum confaiiguineus Let hi Sopor , Cf inala mentis 
Gaudia, mart far umq\ adverfo in limine Helium, 

Ferreiq ; Eumenidum thalami , & Difcordia dement 
Viper,cum crincm <vittis \mcxa cruentis . 1 , 61 

Juft in the Gate, and in the Jaws of Hell, 

Revengeful Cares and fullen Sorrows dwell; 

And pale Difeafes, and repining Ago, 

Want, Fear, and Famine’s unrefihed Rage; 

Here Toils and Death, and Death’s Half-brother, Sleep, 


(Forms terrible-to view) their Centry keep; 


Witk 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 247 

thofe fatal Evils which bring De /1 tuft ion and Death 
upon Mankind, by the Means of which the Number 
of the Inhabitants of thefe dark Regions is greatly aug¬ 
mented ; and thofe Evils are Care, Sorrow, Difeafes, 
Old-age, Frights, Famine, Want, Labour, Sleep, 
Death, Sting of Confcience, Fotce, Fraud, Strife, and 
War. 


With anxious Pleafures of a guilty Mind, 
Deep Frauds before, and open Force behind, 
The Furies Iron-Beds, and Strife that fhakes 
Her hiding Treffes, and unfolds her Snakes. 


C H A P. II. 

Charon. The Rivers of Hell. Cerberus. 

F.XTT HO is that nafty, old, decrepid, long bearded 
VV Fellow? Or what is his Name? 

M . He is the Ferryman of Hell\ his il Name is Cha~ . 
ron, which Word denotes the Ungracefulnefs of his 
Afpeft. In the Greek Language he is called no f ^v ; 9 
[Portbmeus] that is, Portitor , Ferry-man. You fee his 
Image painted by the Pencil, but you may read a more 
beautiful and elegant Pidlure of him drawn by the Pen 
of b Virgil. 

P. Why docs he tarry with his Poat here ? 

M , To take and carry over to the other Side of the 
Lake fZtf Souls of the Dead , which you fee flocking on 

the 


a Charon, quad Acharon, id ell, fine gratia, ab cc. 
non, & gratia. 

l> Portitor has bprreudus aquas Jlumin a few at 

7 err i hi Ji fqualorc Charon ; cut plurima me tit o 
Canities incult a jacct ; ft ant lumina ft a mm a* 

Sordid us cm burner is node defended ami tins, 

R *\ Ifdd 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


the Shores in Troops : Yet he takes not all promifcu- 
oufly who come, butfuch only whofe Bodies are buried 
■when they die; for the * Unburtcd wander about the 
Shores an hundred Years, and then are carried over: 
But fir ft they pay Charon his Fare, b which is at leaft a 
Halfpenny. 

P . Thofe three or four Rivers (if my Eyes do not 
deceive me) mud be paffed over by the Dead> mud 
they not ? 

Ad. Yes ; the firji of them is Acbenon , c which re^ 
ceives them when they come firft. This Acheron was 
the Son of Terra or Ceres , born in a Cave, and con¬ 
ceived without a Father; and, becaufe he could not 
endure Light, d he ran down into Hell, and was changed 
into a River, whofe Waters are extreme bitter. 

The fecond is Sty sc ^ which is a Lake rather than a 
River, c and was formerly the Daughter of Oceania , 
and the Mother of the Goddefs Victoria by Acheron , 
When Victoria was on Jupiter* s Side in his War againft 
the Giants, fhe obtained this Prerogative for her M other. 


* Ipfe ratem conto fubtgit , <vchfq\ mmiferat , 

Et ferrugined Jutrvecfctt corpora cymbd , 

Jam femor ; fed cm da Deo t viridifq\ fcue tins. JEn. 6 % 

There baron (lands who rules the dreary Coafls; 

A fordid God ; down from Ins hoary Chin 
A Length of Beard defeends, uncomb'd, unclean: 

His Eyes like hollow Furnaces on Fire; 

A Girdle foul with Greafe binds his obfccne Attire. 
He (preads his Canvas, with his Pole he fleers. 

The Freights of Hitting Ghofls in his thin Bottom bears, 
He look’d in Years, yet in his Years were fecn 
A youthful Vigour and autumnal Green. 
n Cent mn err at a linos, njolitant hece lift ora c ire urn ; 

Turn demum admijfi jlngna exoptata revifunt . 

A hundred Years they wander on the Shore, 

At length, their Penance done, arc wafted o’er, 
h Lucian, de Lm L l. c Plato in Pined one, l] Pan fin, 

in Attjcis, He find, in Theogon. 

5 that 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 249 

that no Oath that was fworn among the Gocls by her 
Name fhould be ever violated : For if any of the Gods- 
broke an Oath fworn by Styx, they were banifiled from 
the Neflar and the Table of the Gods a a Year and 
nine Days.' This is the Stygian Lake, by which b 
when the Gods fwore, they obferved their Oath with 
the utmoft Scrupuioufnefs. 

The third River, Cocytus , flows out of Styx with a 
lamentable groaning Noife, and imitates the Howling, 
and increafes the Exclamations of th e Damned. 

Next comes c Pblegethon or Puriphlegcthon , fo called 
becaufe it fwells with Waves of Fire, and all its Streams 
are Flames. 

When the Souls of the Dead have palled over thefe 
four Rivers, they were afterwards carried to the Palace 
of Pluto , where the Gate is guarded by a, Dog with 
three Heads , whofe Body is covered in a terrible Man¬ 
ner with Snakes in Read of Hair. This Dog is the Por¬ 
ter of Hell , d begotten of Echidna, by the Giant Typhon y 
and is defcribed by c Virgil and by f Horace . But from 
him let us pafs to the Prince and Princefs of Hell, 
Pluto and Proferpine. 


. n Scrv. in AGnciu. 6. 

h DU cnjzts jar arc t intent & fullere tinmen* 

The facred Stream which Heaven’s Imperial State 
Attefts in Oaths, and fears to violate. 
c A (p?Jycj ardeo, quod undis intumcat ignis ilammeofq; 
flu&us evolvat. d Hcfiod. in Theogon. 
c Cerberus hcec ingens lat rain regna trifauci 
P of or at ad'vcrfo recu bans imnumis in antro. 

Stretch’d in his Kennel, monilrous Cerb'rus round 
From triple Jaws made all thefe Realms refound. 
f Ceff/t iniman is tibi blandiuiti 

Janitor an he 

Cerberus ; quamvis fnriale centum 
Muni ant ungues caput tjus ; atque 
Spirit us icier, fanicfquc manat 

Ore trUingui . 


L. 3. Odar. r 1, 

lIclP:) 


£ 5° O/" the Gods of the Heathens . 

feEclI’s grifly Porter let you pafs. 

And frown’d and liften’d to your Lays, 

The Snakes around his Head grew tame; 

His Jaws no longer glow’d with Flame; 

Nor triple Tongue was llain’d with Blood ; 
No more his Breath with Venom Bow’d. 


CHAP. III. 

Pluto. 

i T~ s H I S is Pluto , the King of Hell , a begotten of 
JL Saturn and Ops^ and the Brother of Jupiter 
and Neptune. He has thefe infernal Dominions allotted 
to him, not only becaufe, in that Divifion of his Fa¬ 
ther’s Kingdom mentioned before, the weftern Parts 
fell to his Lot; but alfo, as fome fay, b becaufe the In¬ 
vention of burying, and of honouring the Dead with 
Funeral Obfequies y proceeded from him : For the fame 
Reafon he is thought to exercife a Sovereignty over the 
Dead - Look upon him, he fits on a Throne covered 
■with Darknefs, and difcover, if you can, his Habit, and 
the Enfign of his Majefty more narrowly. 

P. I fee him, though in the Mid ft of fo much Dark¬ 
nefs, and can diftinguifh him eafily ; c he holds a Key 
in his Hand, inftead of a Sceptre, and is d crowned with 
Ebony. 

• M. Sometimes I have alfo feen him crowned with a 

* 

Diadem ; and c fometimes with the Flowers of Nar - 
aJfus (or white Daffodils ) and fometimes with Cyprefs 
Leaves; becaufe thofc Plants greatly pleafe him, and 
cfpecially the Narciffus , becaufe he ftolc away Prefer- 



a Diodor. Sicul. 4 
F.uripid. in Phcun. 

* Lil. Gy raid. 


Bibl. b Idem apnd Lilium Gy raid. 
c Paufan. in pr. Iliac. d Marian. 


pine 


3 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 251 

pine when flie gathered that Flower, as I fhall fhew pre- 
fently. Very often a a Rod is put into his Hand in the 
place of a Sceptre, with which he guides the Dead to 
Hell: 5 And fometimes he wears arHead-piece, which 
makes him c invifible. His Chariot and Horfes are of 
a black Colour, and, d when he carried away Profer- 
pine y he rode in it. But if you would know what thofe 
Keys fignify, which he has in his Hands, the Anfweris 
- plain, That, when once the Dead are received into his 
Kingdom, the Gates are locked againft them, and c there 
is no Regrefs thence into this Life again. 

P. Why is he called Pluio P 

M. Fll tel! you that, and alfo the Meaning of the 

reft of his Names. 

♦ 

His Greek Name f Pluto or Plouton , as well as his 

D/r, fignifies Wealth. TheReafon why 
he is fo called, is, becaufe all our Wealth comes from 
the lowed and moft inward Bowels of the Earth ; and 
becaufe, as Tully writes, 5 all the natural Powers and 
Faculties of the Earth are under his Diredlion ; for ajl 
Things go to the Earth, and proceed from thence. 

The Name [ Hades\ by which he is called 

among the Greeks , h fignifies dark y gloomy , and melan - 
choly 5 or elfe, 1 as others guefs, invifible; becaufe 


a Varr. apud eund. b Pind. in Od. c Flomer. 5. Iliad. 
ri Hygen. Aftron. Poet. c Ovid. 5. Metam. 

f -- Facilis dejeenfus Aver n't: 

Scd rev oca re grad urn, J'upcrcfq; evade re ad auras, 

Hoc opus , hie labor ejl -* Virg. ./E lie id. 

To th* Shades you go a downhill eafy Way; 

But to return, and re-enjoy the Day, 

That is a Work, a Labour- 

c n;\yr^ divide. h Tcrrcna vis omnis ac natura ipfi. 
dedicata c rede bat ur, TuJ. 2. de Nat. Deor. '"a&k • 

id eft, trifle, tench rofum. Aut quafi alopael^, quod vidcri 
mini me poflit, autab cc privante, Sc eiJ'JV, videre. Socr. ap. 

PIut. Phurnut. Gaza ap. Lil. Gyr. 


he 


252 Of the Gods of the Heat hefts. 

he fits in Darknefs and Obfcuiity; his Habitation is 
melancholy- and lonefome, and he feldom appears to 
open View. 

He is likewife called a Agcfilaus , becaufe be leads 
People to the infernal Regions ; and fometimes b Age* 
lajiusy becaufe that it was never known that Pluto 
laughed. 

His Name Februus comes from the old Word Fe- 

* 

JbriiOy to purge by Sacrifice , becaufe Purgations and Lu - 
Jlrations were ufed at Funerals; whence the Month of 
c February receives alfo its Appellation \ at which Time, 
efpecially the Sacrifices, called Februa , were offered by 
the Romans to this God. 

He is called Orcus and Ouragusy as fome fay, (I be¬ 
caufe he excites and haftens People to their Ruin and 
Death : but others think that he is fo named, c be¬ 
caufe, like one that brings up the Rear of an Army, 
he attends at the laft Moments of Men’s Lives. 

We find him fometimes called f Quictusy becaufe by 
Death he brings Reft to all Men. 

He is called Summanusy that is, the Chief ? of all the 
infernal Deities j the principal Governor of all the 
Ghofts and departed Spirits. The Thunder, that hap¬ 
pens in the Night, is attributed to him : Whence he is 
commonly ftiled alfo the Infernal \'Jupiter , the Stygian 
Jupiter , the Third Jupiter 5 as Neptune is the Second 
Jupiter. 

P. What is the Office and Power of Pluto . 


% 

3 n to aynv Aauo a duccndis populis ad inferos, 
* Ah «. privat. Sc ytAcla rideo, quod fine rifu fit. c Ovid. 
Faftor. 1 . 2. cl Orcus quafi Urgus Sc Ouragus ab urgendo, 
quod homines urgent in interitum, Cicero in Venom, 6 . 

'Oupccyot; cum fignificat qui agmen claudit; fimiii moclo 
Pluto pro ft remum human a) vitx aflum cxcipit, Gu hr. 1 .i. 
c. 4. dc Jur. Man. 2. f Quod morte quioleni cuutlis ado- 
rat, Pcftus. R Quafi fu minus Deo rum manium, Aug. de 
Civit. Da, i. 4. 

At. If 



■ w \ 

Of the Gods of the Heathens. 253 

M. If you do not fully underftand that, from what 
has been faid already, the Fates will tell you, that he 
a prefides over Life and Death : That he not only go¬ 
verns the departed Spirits below, but alfo can lengthen 

or fhorten the Lives of Men here on the Earth, as he 
thinks fit. 


a - O inaxtme noHis 

Arbiter , umbrarumq\ pote7ts , cut nqftra labor ant 
Stamina , qui finem cunfits &femina prtubes, 

Nafcendiq ; vices alt cm a morte rependis, 

Qui •vit'am lethutnq\ regis. »—Claud, de Raptu Proferp, 
Great Prince o’ th’ gloomy Regions of the Dead, 

. From whom we hourly move our Wheel and Thread. 
Of Nature’s Growth and End thou haft the Sway, 

All Mortals Birth with Death thou doll repay. 

Who doft command ’em both.—— 

CHAP. IV- 

- * 

Plutus, 

T HOUGH Plutus be not all infernal God, yet, 
as his Name and Office were very like and agree¬ 
able to Pluto, I will take this Occafion to fay fomething 
of him ; for they are (both of them) Gods of Riches, 
which are the Root of all Evil, and which Nature, our 
common Parent, hath placed near Hell ; and indeed, 
there is not a nearer Way to Hell, than to hunt greedily 
after Riches. 

This Plutus was the Son of b fafon , or JaJius , by 
Ceres: Pic was blind and lame, injudicious, and mighty 
timorous. And truly thefe Infirmities are juftly aferi- 
bedto him : For, if he was not blind and injudicious. 


—a A ^ 4 • 1 . • --- _ ~ _ _ - ^^ 1 ^ • • ■ 1 ^ . ■ * 


* • i 

b He hod, in Thcogon. 

he 


2 54 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

he would never pafs over good Men, and heap hig 
Treafures upon the bad. He is lame; becaufe great 
Eftates come flowly. He is fearful and timorous; be¬ 
caufe rich Men watch their Treafures with a great 
deal of Fear and Care, 


CHAP. V. 

SECT. I. Proserpine. 

M. H E, who fits next to Pluto , is the tj^ueen of 

Helly a the Infernal Jtmo 7 5 the Lady (as the 
Greeks commonly call her) and the.moft beloved Wife 
of Pluto , c the Daughter of Ceres and Jupiter . She is 
called both Proferpinc and Libera. Jupiter , her Father, 
begat her, when he was difguifed in the Shape of a 
Bull ; and after file was born and grown up, 11 he de¬ 
bauched her himfelf, in the Shape of a Dragon: 6 
whence it came to pafs, that, in the Myjleries of the 
Sabazia? a Golden Snake , folded in a Circle, was pro¬ 
duced ; which, when any were initiated, was ufually 
put into their Bofoms, and received again, when it Hid 
down from them below. 

4 

P . But by what Fate became Proferpine the Wife of 
this black God ? 

M. In this Manner: When all the Goddefles rc- 
fufed to marry Pluto , becaufe he was fo deformed, he 
was vexed at this Contempt and Scorn, and troubled, 
that he was forced to live a Tingle Life always ; where¬ 
fore in a Rage he feated himfelf in a Chariot, and arofe 
on a fudden: From a Den in Sicily^ f he faw a Compa¬ 
ny of very beautiful Virgins gathering Flowers in the 

\ 

a Virg. ./Eneid. 6. h Acuttoivu, id ell, Demina, Pauf in 
A read. c Hcfiod. in Theogon. a Ainob. 1 . c Eufc- 
biu$ Prcep. Evang, f Cic, in Venera, 

Fields 


i 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . % 5 S 

Fields of Enna (a beautiful Place, fituatcd about the 
Middle of the Ifland, and therefore called the Navel 
of Sicily.) One of them, Proferpine , pleafed him above 
the refl, for (he furpafled them all in Beauty, He came 
raging with Love, and carried her with him from that 
Place, and on a fudden he funk into the Earth near 
! Syracufe, In the Place where he defcended, a Lake 
arofe: And a Cicero fays, the People of Syracufe keep 
| yearly Feftivals, to which great Multitudes of both 
Sexes flock, 

P. O! poor Lady! I am troubled at her Misfortune* 
her Unhappinefs moves my Compaflion. But what fol¬ 
lowed ? 

M\ The Nymphs, her Companions, were grievouf-, 
ly affrighted, and fled away to any Place where they 
could expert Safety. In the mean Time Ceres , the 

[ Mother of Proferpine , comes, who, by Chance, was 
abfent when her Daughter was flolen ; fbe feeks her 
Daughter among her Acquaintance a long Time, but 
in vain. Therefore, in the next Place, /lie kindles 
Torches by the Flames, which burft foith from the 
Top of the Mountain JEtna 9 and goes with them to 
feek her Daughter throughout the whole World: 
Neither did file give over her vain Labour, till the 
Nymph A Irethufa fully allured her that Proferpine was 
flolen by Pluto , and carried down into his Kingdom, 
And then in great Anger fhe haftened and expoiuilated 
with b Jupiter , concerning the Violence that was offer¬ 
ed to her Daughter. In fhort, Jupiter promifed to re- 
ftore Proferpine again, if fhe had not yet t a fled any 
Thing in Hell. Ceres went joyfully down, and Prefer - 
pine, full of Triumph and Glaclnefs, prepared to return 
into this World ; when one AJcalaphus difeovered that 
liefaw Proferpine , while flic walked in Pluto ’s Orchard, 
pluck a Pomegranate, and eatfonae Grains of it; where¬ 
upon' Proferpine’ s Journey was immediately flopped. 

b Scrvius in i, Georgia. 

Ceres , 


a 6 in Vcrrcin. 


£$6 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


Ceres , her Mother, amazed at this new Mifchance* 
and incenfed at the fatal Difcovery of Afcdaphus r turn¬ 
ed him into an Owly a Bird of an ill Omenf and un¬ 
lucky to all that fee itbut at laft, by the :Imporcu- 
jiity -of her Prayers to Jupiter , {he extorted this Fa¬ 
vour from hirn, that‘he fhould give Leave a :that Pro . 
forpine might live half the Y:ear at leaft with her in 
the Heavens , and’the other half :below in Hell with’ 
her-Hufband . . ' Proferpine afterwards loved this dif- 
agreeable Hufband fo much, thatfhe was jealous, and 
changed Mentha , who was his Miftrefs, into Mint, an 
Herb of her own Name. 


♦ 

a Et Dea regnorum Numen Co?nmunc duorum , 

Cum matre cji tot idem, totidem am conjuge vienfes . 

Ovid. Metam. 5 

The Goddefs now in either Empire fways ; 

Six Months with Cei-es, fix with Pluto Hays. 




»•# 


SECT. II. An Explanation of the Fable,' 

♦ 4 % * • t I 

jp.^fcT'OU have told a very pretty Story $ pray what 
JL is the Signification of it ? _ /. 

M. The Signification of it is this; b Ceres is the 
Earthy and her Daughter Projorpine the Fertility of the, 
Earth, or rather the c Seed by which it is fertile, 

which Seed lies buried in the Ground in the Winter, but 

« • » 0 ^ _ ^ 

in the Summer breaks forth and becomes Fruit. Thus' 
Proferpine (the Emblem of the SeeJlJ lies half th? 
Year in Hell, and.the other half in Heaven. Others' 
explain this Fable fo, as by it to fignify the Moon , 
which is hid.from us, in the. Hcmifphcre of.the Count 
tries beneath us, as long as it ihincs to us in our own. 

Some believe that Hecate is the fame with Prefer - 
pine ; and if you are willing to follow their Opinion, 




T 


h Vaiv ripucl Align (l in urn dc Civit. Dei 7. 
1. dc Pra'jp. Evaug, 


Eufcb. 

you 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


*57 


you mull call to mind what I have faid before, when I 
Jdifcourfed of Diana, 

\ Let us now turn bur Eyes toward the Tribunal of 
i Pluto, where you fee, in that difmal Figure, conti¬ 
nual Trials* and all Pcrfons* as well the Accufers as 
^he Offenders, that have been formerly wicked in their 
jjLives, receive their Deaths impartially from the three 
fates; after Death they receive their Condemnation 
impartially from the three Judges', and, after Con¬ 
demnation, their Punishment impartially from the 
|hree tormenting Furies . 


\ 

A 

■t 

.4 

s 

ft 


k 


CHAP Vi. 

"The Fates. 



HERE are thofe FatesP Shew me. Sir. 

M . Thofe three old Ladies are the Fates : 
heir a Garments are made of Ermin, white as Snow, 
rid bordered with Purple. They were born either of 
Afrxand Erebus , or of c Neceffity, or of the. rf Sea, or of 
hat rude and indigejled Mafs , which the Ancients cal- 
ed Chaos. They are called Parers in Latin', becaufe, 
s c Farro thinks, they diftributed good and bad Tilings 
o Perfons at their Birth: Or as the common and re¬ 
vived Opinion is ; f becaufe they /pare no-body. They 
re likewife called Fatitm , Fate ; and are ‘Three in 
timber; s bdca'ufe they order the pa ft, prefent, and 


4 Catullus in Epith. Tliet. b Hefiod. in Theogon 

Plato, 1 . io de Republ. <l Li^ophron. c Parcse di- 


par 

n Prarp, Evnng. 1. 6. 


future 







258 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

future Time, jFate, fays a Tally , is all that which God 
hath decreed and refolved /hall come to pafs , and which the 
Grecians call [Eimarmene. j Zf /j, (fays b 

feppus) a perpetual , certain , unavoidable Series and 

Cham of 'Things , wrapping and infolding up itfelf hi on 
Order of Confequences , which compofe the fever al Links , W 
follow one another to all Eternity . c Pattern is derived 
from the Word jRm, to pronounce, or declare 5 becaufe 
when any one is born, thefe three Sifters pronounce 
what Fate will befall him > as we fee in the Story of 
Meleager . 

P. What are their Names and Offices ? 

M. T>e Name of one is J Clotho ; the fecond is cal¬ 
led c La chefs ; the third f Atropos ; becaufe fhe is un¬ 
alterable, unchangeable. Thefe Names the Grecians 
give them : s The Romans call them Nona , Dccima , 
and Morta . 

To them is intruded the Management of the fatal 
Thread of Life: For Clotho draws the Thread betwixt 
her Fingers ; Lachefts turns about the Wheel; and A- 
tropos cuts the Thread fpun, with a Pair of Sciflars, 
That is, Clotho gives us Life, and brings us into the 
World > Lachefts determines the Fortunes that fhall 
befall us here ; and Atropos concludes our Lives; h One 
j'peaks , the other writes , and the third j'pins . 

% 

* * 


a Eft autem Fatum id omne quod a Deo conftitutum & 
defignatum eft ut eveniat, quod Grseci appellant, 

Tullius de Fato Sc 1 Divinat. Eimarmene Tempi tern a 
quaidiun eft Sc indeclinabilis rcrum feries & catena, fefevol- 
vens Sc iniplicans per a^temosconfequcntueordincse quibiw 
conncxa eft. Boet. in Top. c Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. d A 
verbo id eft, neo. c fortior. f Aba 

privativa particular 8 c verto, quod verti Sc fle&i nc- 

qneat. e Cefen. Vind. np. Lil. Gyr. ! * Una loqui¬ 
tur, altera feribit, tertia fila ducit. Scrv. in Z^neid. 


CHAP 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 259 


CHAP. VII. 

M 

The Fur x e s. 

P. A ND what are thofe Monfters called, that have 

the Faces of Women? Xheir Looks are full of 
Terror 5 they hold lighted Torches in their Hands; 
Snakes and Serpents Jafh their Necks and Shoulders. 

M . They arc the Furies , called in Latin fometimes 
Furies*, a becaufe they make Men mad, by the Stings 
of Confcience which Guilt produces. They are alf'o 
called b Dirts, c Eumenides, and (1 Caues ; and were the* 
Offspring of c Nox and f Acheron ; but their proper 
Names are Aletlo, Tijiphone , and Megcsra ; 2 and they 
are efteemed Virgins; becaufe, fmee they are the A- 
vengers of all Wickednefs, nothing can corrupt and 
pervert them from inflicting the Punifhmenc that is 
due to the Offender. 

P. Why are there only three Furies ? 

M. Becaufe there are three 11 principal Pa/Iions of the 
Mind, Anger , Covetoufnefs , and Ltift, by which Man¬ 
kind is chiefly hurried into all Sorts of Wickedoefs ; 
For Anger begets Revenge, Covetoufnefs provokes us to 
get immoderate Wealth by Right or "wrong, and Lujl 
perfuades us to purfueour Pleafures at any Rate, In¬ 
deed fome add a 1 fourth Fury , called LiJJh, that is. Rage 
and Machiefs ; but {he is eafiJy reduced to the other 
three : As alfo Erinnys , a Name common to them all. 

P . What is the Office of the Furies? 

M\ They are appointed to obferve and punifh the 
Crimes of ill Men, and to torment the Confcicnces of 


11 Quod fceleratos in furorem agant. b Virg. yEneid. 
3. c Ibid. 8. ,l Ibid. 4. c Ibid. 6, f Ibid. 11. S Sui- 
das & Orpli. in Hymn. u Ifidor. ap. Gyr. 1 Eurip. in 
Ucrcule furente. 

S % fecret 


260 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

fecrct Offenders > whence they are commonly alfo enti¬ 
tled* a theGoddeffes , the Difcoverers and Revenger's of evil 
Adiions. They punifh and torment the Wicked, by 
frightening and following them with burning Torches, 
You fee the Pi&ure of them there* and you will find 
them beautifully b deferibed in the Twelfth Book of 
Firgil 7 s iEneids. 

P. What did the Poets intend by thefe Furies? 

M. Only* fays Cicero , that they* who have done any 
wicked and unlawful Thing* are tormented and affrigh¬ 
ted* not with the Blows and the burning Torches of the 
Furies , as it is in the Fable, but with the Stings of their 
own evil Confciences : For * c fays he* every one 7 s own 
Fraud , and bis own Terror * bring him the greatefl Pm- 
tion : Every one 7 s own IVickednefs torments and enrogu 
him y his own Evil Thoughts and the Lajhes of his Corfu 
encc affright him : Thefe are confiant and DomefUck Furiti 
to the TVickedy that Night and Day ex a 51 the Piinijhmtl 
of them that their Crimes deferve . • 


a Dere fpeculatrices Sc vindiccs Facinorum. 
h Dicuntur gcjnime peflesy cognominc Dir<e, 

Quas iff Tar tar earn Nox intcmpejla Megan-am 
Uno codemq ; tulit parlu, paribufq\ rc-uhixit 
Serpentutn Jjpiris , njcntofafque addidit alas. 

Deep in the difmal Regions void of Light, 

Two Daughters at a Birth were born to Night: 
Thefe their brown Mother, brooding on the Oarc, 1 
Endu’d with windy Wings to fleet in Air, [Hair,? 
With Serpents girt alike, and crown’d with hilling) 
Jn Ilcav'n the Diva call’d, 

c Sua enim quemquc fraus & fuus terror maxime vexa(; 
fnum queniq; fcelus exagitat, amentiaque aflicit: futum&Ix 
cogitationcs confcientkeqitc animi terrent. Hu funt imp®] 
nfliduaj domeilicrc Furitc, qua: diesnoflcfq; pumas afccka 
bur, repetunt. Or. pro Rofcio Am. 


C II A f 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 261 

« 

CHAP. VI IT. 

# 

Night, Death, Sleep. 

. r 

w 

P,^ 7 "OU mentioned juft now Nox and Erebus: Arc 

j[ they (I pray you) of the Number of the Gods ? 

M- Yes ; A 7 ** is, of all the Gods, the rnoft ancient; 
She was the Sifter of Erebus , and the Daughter of the 
fatt Chaos; and of thefe two, Nox and Erebus , Death 
[Mors] was born. She is drafted ufually with afpeck- 
led Garment and black Wings*: But there are no 
Temples nor Sacrifices, nor Priefts confecrated to 
Mors; becaufe fhe is a Goddefs whom no :l Prayeis 
can move, or Sacrifices pacify. 

Somnus [Sleep] l> is the Brother of Death , and c he al- 
fo hath Wings, like her. 7 r/V, who was lent by Juno 
to the Palace of this God, mentions rhe great Benefits 
that he beftows on Mankind; fuch as d £>uiet of Aliud, 
Tranquillity , Freedom from Care y and Rcjrejbmtnt of the 
Spirits , whereby Men are enabled to proceed in their 
Labours. In this Palace there are c two Gates, out 

of 


a Horat. z . Sermonum. b Orpheus in Hymn. c Homer. 
Iliad. | Virg. TEneid. 5. 
d So nine quics rerum, flactdijpme Somne Deornm, 

Paxanimi > quern curafugit, qui corpora duris 
Pcjfa minifterits vinlccs reparajq; labori. Ovid. Met. i r. 

Thou Reft ofth’ World, Sleep , the moll peaceful God, 
Who driv’ft Care from the Mind, and’doit unload 
The tired Limbs of all their Wearinefs, 

And for rievv Toil the Body doit refreih. 
c Sunt geminSomni porta', qtiarnm altera fertur' • 

Cornea, qua njcrrs facilis datur exit us umbris : 

Jilt era caudmti perfe.Sta nitons elephant 0 : 

Srdfalfa ad ccvlum mitiunt inf omnia Manes . JR n. 6 . 

S 3 Two 


26 z 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


of which Dreams pafs and rcpafs: One of thefe Gates 
was made of dear Ivory, through which falfe Dreams 
pafs; and the other of them was made of tranfparent 
Horn, and through that Gate true Vifions come to 
Men. a Morpheus , the Servant of Somnus , who can put 
on any Shape or Figure, prefents thefe Dreams to thofe 
who deep; and thefe Dreams were brought from a 
great fpreading Elm in Hell* under who^e Shadow 
they ufually fit. 


Two Gates the iilent Houfe of Sleep adorn ; 

Of polifh’d Iv’ry this, that of tranfparent Horn 
True Vifions thro* tranfparent Horn arife, 

Thro ? pcli fil’d Iv ? ry pafs deluding Lyes. 
a Ovid. 11. Metam. Virg. 6. yEneid, 


CHAP. IX. 

*3fhe Judges of Hell , Minos, /Eacus, Rhada- 

MANTHUS. 

N EAR the three Furies and the three Fates a you 

fee the three Judges of Hell , Minos , RbatUmm - 
thtiSy and JEacus , who are believed to be Judges of the 
Souls of the Dead j becaufe they exercifcd the Offices 
of Judges in Crete , with the greatefl: Prudence, Dif- 
cretion, and Jufticc. The two firft were the Sons of 
Jupiter by Europa ; the laft was the Son of Jupiter by 
'Mgitu 7; and when all the Subjedls of Queen Mgim 
were fwept away in a Plague, befides himfelf, lie 
begged of his Father, that he would repair the Race 
of Mankind, which was almoft extindl ; and Jupiter 
heard his Prayer, and turned b a great Multitude of 
Ants^ which crept about a hollow old Oak, into Men, 


it 


Homer. 2. Odyff, h Ovid. 7. Metam. Plato in Georg. 

who 





Of the Gods of the Ueaihe?is. 

/• 

V 



\ who afterwards were called Myrmidones from (/.v 
[Murtnex] which Word fignifies an Ant. 

Thefe three had their particular Province afligned by 
Pluto in this Manner : Rhadatnanthus was appointed to 
: judge the AJiaticks , and JEacus the j Europeans^ each hold- 
. ing a Staffin his Hand, but Minos holds a golden Scep¬ 
tre and fits alone, and over fees the Judgments of Rha- 
damanthus and JEacus; and if in their Courts there arofe 
a Cafe that was ambiguous and difficult, then Minos 
ufed to take the Cognizance thereof, and decide it* 
:i Putty adds to fchefe a fourth Judge, Triptolemus ; but 
. we have already difeourfed of him in his proper Place. 


a Tufc. Quasft. lib. i. 



CHAP. X. 

SECT I. The mojl famous of the Condemned 

in Hell . 

a 9 

F ROM the Judges let us proceed to the Criminals , 
whom you fee reprefented there in horrid Colours: 
lit will be enough if we take Notice of the moft cele¬ 
brated of them, and fhew their Crimes, and the Punifli- 
jments which were therefore inflicted on them. 


SECT. IT. The Giants. 

T HESE Giants a were the Sons of Terra (the Earth) 
when he was impregnated by the Blood of Ca?- 
to, which flowed from that difhonourable Wound 
which his Son Saturn gave him. They are all very 
high in Stature, with horrible Dragons Feet; their 
Looks and their Bodies are altogether full of Terror, 



* Jlcfiod. in Thcogon, 

S 4 


Their 



264 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


* 

Their Impudence z was fo great, * that they ftrove to 
depofe Jupiter from the PoflefHon of Heaven : And 
•when they, engaged with the celeJUal GW*, they b heap, 
ed up Mountains upon Mountains, nnd from thence 
darted Trees fet on Fire againft the Gods of Heaven, 
c They hulled* alfo prodigious imafly Stones and lbjid 
Rocks, fome. of which fall in g : upon the Earth again, 
became Mountains ;■ others fell into the Sea^ and be- 
camelflands. This J Battle was fought upon the Phiz* 
grean Plains, near the Borders of Campania , c which 
Country is called Phlegra , from (ptiyu- £ Phlego'] uro , foj 
it abounds in fubterraneous Fires, and hot Baths flow, 
ing continually. The Giants were beaten and all cat 
off, either by Jupiter’s Thunder, Apollo’s Arrows, or 
by the Arms of the reft of the Gods.^ And fome fay, 
that out of the Blood of the Slain, which was fpilled 
upon the Earth, Serpents and fuch invenomed and 
pernicious Animals were produced. The moft emi¬ 
nent of thofe Giants were 

Typhosus ^ or. Typkony the Son of Jtino^ conceived by 
her without a Father. So vail was his Magnitude, 
that he touched the Eaft with one Hand, and the Welt 
with the other, and the Heavens with the Crown of his 
Head. A hundred Dragon’s Heads grew from his Shoul- 
d.ers; his Body was covered with Feathers, Scales, rug¬ 
ged Hair, and Adders 5 from the Ends-of his Fingers 
Snakes iflued, and his tvvo' Feet had the Shape and Folds 
of a Serpent’s Body. His Eyes, fparkled with Fire, and his 
-Mouth belched'biit Flames: yet he was at la ft overcome 
and thrown down; left he fhould/rifeagain, th$ 

whole If]and of $ ici.ly.yv a? laid upon him,* This Ifland 

* v. was 








* Honicr.'OdyiT V 2. ^Ovid. Atfetahi. i. c Duns Sar 
ynius. d Nat Conical. 6. c Plomer. Hymn, in Apolliflj 
f Nit ifur die r- uideni , pugnatquc refiurgere Jape ; 

J)extra fid sfufiniio man us efi fitbjedla Ptflofo ; 

Livotif Paefjync, till : Ltlybtco crura premuntur ; 
firagraval Aitaa caput* Ovid. Metain. h 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 265 

was alfo called Trinacria^ becaufe it bears the Shape of 
a Triangle, in the Comers of which are the three Pro¬ 
montories, Pelorui , Pachynusy and' Lilyb&m ; Pclorus 
was placed on his Right Hand, Pachynus on his Left, 
and lay upon his Legs. 

/Egeon was another prodigious and-cruel Giant: a 
Virgil tells us he had fifty Heads, and an hundred Hands, 
from whence he was called Qentimgemznus , and b by the 
Grecicinsy Briareus. He hurled an hundred Rocks a- 
gainft Jupiter at one Throw, yet Jupiter dafhed him 
down, and bound him in^an hundred Chains, and c 
thru ft him under the Mountain JEtna^ where, as often 
as he moves his Side, the Mountain cafts forth great 
Flames of •Fire* - !l '* ' * . • ’ • 

d Aioeus , becaufe of his Age, could not in this War, 
take up Arms again# the Gods ; but be fent Otbus and 
Ephiaites (which, tho’ his Wife had them b y Neptune* 
yet were they called Aloidcs, from their reputed Father;) 
they went in their Father Aloeus’s Stead, and aflifted the 
Giants, but the fame Fate attended them, and rhey alfo 
fuffered the Punifhment of their Rafhnefs in Hell. 


He ftruggles oft; and oft attempts to rife. 

But on his Right-hand vail: Pelorus lies : 

OnVIeft Pachynus ; Lily bee us fpreads 

O’er his huge Thighs, and jEtna keeps.his Heads. 

a Aegean quails, centwn cui brachia dicunt , 

Centenafq; mantis quinquaginta oribus ignem 
Peftoribu/q; arjijje ; Jowls cum fulmina contra 
Tot paribusJlreperct c/ypeis, tofjlringeret enfes* ” 

And as JEgeon , when with Heaven he itrove. 

Stood oppofite in Arms to mighty Jove, 

Mov’d all his hundred Hands, provok’d to War, 
Defy’d the forky Lightning from afar : 

At fifty Mouths his flaming Breath expires. 

And Flafli for FJalh. returns, and Fires for Fires ; 

In his Right-hand as many Swords he wields. 

And takes'thi Thunder on as ihany Shields. "" 
b Homeri Jlias 1. c Callimachus in Lavacr. Deli. 
Virgil. yEneid. 6. 

3 Jity us 



266 Of the Gods of the Heathens .* 

Tityus was the Son of a "Jupiter and Elara> born in a 
fubterraneous Cave, in which Jupiter hid his Mother, 
fearing .the Anger of Juno. She brought forth a Child, 
of fo prodigious a Bulk, that the Earth was rent that he 
might have a PaiTage out of the Cave ; and from thence 
he was believed to be the Son of the Earth . Juno after¬ 
wards perfuaded this Giant to accufe Latona of Adul¬ 
tery, whereupon Jupiter (truck him with Thunder 
down into Hell ; b and there he lies ftretched out, and 
covers nine Acres of Ground with his Body : A Vul¬ 
ture continually gnaws his Liver, which grows again 
every Month. 

To thefe we might add the Titans , c the Sons of Ter¬ 
ra and Cesium ; the Chief of whom was Tit anus , Sa¬ 
turn’s eldeft Brother, who made War againft Jupiter , 
becaufe Jupiter ufurped the Kingdom, which was due 
to him by hereditary Right. In this War, Thames and 
his Party were beaten, and afterwards caft down into 
Hell. 



b Apol. T. 

b Necnon & Titytwi Terra cmniparent is alumnum 

Cemere erat ; cue tot a ntyvem per jugera corpus 

Pomgitur, rojlroq ; unmants nmltur adutico 

hnmortale jetur tundens, feecundaquepants 

Vifcera , rimaturq\ epulis, habit at q\ fub alto 

PeSlore, nee fbris requics datur ulla renaiis. Virg, JEn. 6. 

There Tityus tortur’d lay, \vho took his Birth 

From Hcav’iv-his Nurfmgvfrom the fruitful Earth ; 

Here his. gigantic Limbs, with large Embrace, 

Infold nine Acres of-infernal Space : 

A r^v’.JfyOUSiVulture in his open Side 
Her crooked Beak, and cruel Talons try’d ; 

Still for the growing Liver digg’d his Breaft, 

The growing liver Rill fupply’d the Feafl: 

Still are the Entrails fruitful to their Pains, 

Th’immortal Hunger lafts, th* immortal Food remains, 
c iElchyl. in Prornctheo. 


SEC T. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



SECT. III. Other famous Offenders. 

9 

pHlegyas, King of the Lapitha: in ThcJJalia , was the 
Father of the Nymph Coro ms \ when he heard that 
Apollo had debauched his Daughter, he went in Anger* 
and fired the Temple of Apollo at Delphi ; for which 
the enraged God /hot him through the Body with an 
Arrow, and inflidled on him the following Punifh- 
nient: A great Stone hangs over his Head, which he 
imagines every Moment will fall down and crufh him 
to Pieces : Thus he fits perpetually fearing what will 
never come to pafs; which makes him frequently call 
out to Men a to obferve the Rules of Juflice and the 
Precepts of Religion. 

Ixion was the Son of this Phlegyas ; he killed his own 
Sifter, and obtained his Pardon from the Gods, who ad¬ 
vanced him to Heaven : His Profperity made him wan¬ 
ton, fo that he attempted to violate the Chaftity of Ju¬ 
no. This infolent Attempt was difcovered to Jupiter , 
who fent a Cloud in the Shape of Juno, which the de¬ 
ceived Lover embraced, and from thence thofe Monfter's 
the Centaurs were born: Hereupon he was thrown down 
to the Earth again ; where becaufe he boafled every¬ 
where that he had familiarly known the Queen of the 
Gods , he was flruck with Thunder down into Hell, and 
tied faff to a Wheel, which turns about continually. 

S aim one us was King of Elis : His Ambition was not 

C 

fatisficd with an earthly Crown , for he defired Divine 
Honours ; and, that the People might efteem him a 
God, he built a brazen Bridge over to the City, and 
drove his Chariot over it, imitating, by this Noife, Ju¬ 
piter's Thunder. He threw down lighted Torches, and 
thofe who were flruck by them were taken and killed.. 


n Dtfcii cj i/JUtin?n moniti^ & non temncrc Di<vos. Virg. TCn. 6. 
Learn Juflice hence, and don’t defpife the Gods. 

5 Jupiter 



268 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

» m 

Jupiter would not fufFer fo great In foie nee, therefore 
threw the proud Man from his Stage headlong into Hell, 
where JEneas , b when he vifited the Infernal Regions, 
faw him punifhed, as Virgil relates. 

Sifyphus was a famous Robber, killed by Thcfeus; 
c He is condemned to Hell, to roll d a great and nnweildy 
Stone to the Top of an high Hill, and, as oft as the 
Stone almoft touches the Top of the Mountain, it Aides 
down again. 

The Belides were fifty Virgin-Sifters, fo called from 
their Grandfather Belus , named alfo Danaides ; from 
their Father Dariaus , who married them to the fifty Sons 
of his Brother. The Oracle foretold, that Danaus fhould 
be flain by his Soil-in-Law ; wherefore he commanded 
his Daughters to provide Daggers, and on their Wed¬ 
ding Night to kill their Hufbands. All the Daughters 
performed their Promifes, and killed their Hufbands ; 
but Hypermnejlra fpared Lynccus , her Hufband, who af¬ 
terwards killed Danaus , and took his Kingdom. This 
great Impiety was thus punifhed ; c they were condemn¬ 
ed to draw Water out of a deep Well, and fill a Tub 
that (like a Sieve) is full of Holes : The Water runs 
out of the Tub as faft as it is put in, fo that they are 
tormented with an unprofitable Labour without End. 

Tantalus is another remarkable Criminal. He was 
the f Son of Jupiter by the Nymph Plota . He invited 



b Vidi crudcles daniem Sahnotzea pcenas , 

Dam jlaitimas Jovis & fonitus imitatur Olympic iEn, 6. 
Salmoneus fuffering cruel Pains I found 
Fpr emulating Jove ; the rattling Sound 
Of mimic Thunder, and the glittering Blaze 
Of pointed Lightnings, and their forked Rays, 
c Hefiod. Argon. d Ingens & non exfuperabile faxum. Vh'g* 
9 'djflducts repet wit quas perdunt Belides undas, 

Ovid. Met. 1 . 4. 

They hourly fetch the Water that they fpill. 
f Eufeb. Prap. Evang. 




__ • a . p_ 

all the Gods to a Feaft, to get a plain and clear Proof 
of their Divinity : When they came, he killed and 
quartered his own Son Pelops , and boiled him, and fet 
the Joints before them to eat. All the Gods abftained 
from fuch horrid Diet, except Ceres , who ate one of 
the Child’s Shoulders. Afterwards the Gods fent Mer¬ 
cury to recall him to Life, and gave him an Ivory Shoul¬ 
der, inflead of the Shoulder which Ceres had eaten. * 
This Pelops was the Hufband of Hippodamia^ of whom 
Atreus and Thyeftes were born ; the latter whereof was 
banifhed, becaufe he corrupted his Brother Atreus 9 s 
Wife; and, when he.was recalled from Banifhment, 
he ate up thofe Children that he had by her; for Atreus 
killed them, and brought them , in Difhes to the Table, 
where he and Thye/les dined together. It is laid, that 
the Sun was not able to endure Jo horrible a Sight, but 
turned his Courfe back again to the Eaft. But as 'Tan¬ 
talus's Crime was greater, fo was his Punifhment; b for 
he is tormented .with eternal Hunger and Thirft in the 
Midft of Plenty both of Meat and Drink: He ftands in 
Water up to his Lips, but cannot drink it.; and Meat 
is placed juft to his Mouth, which he cannot take hold 
of. c Ovid mentions the Punifhment of Tantalus , but 
affigns another Reafon for it, namely, becaufe he divul¬ 
ged the Secrets of the Gods to Men. But this was but 
Part of his Punifhment, for 11 over his Head hangs a 
weighty Stone, which he, with Horror and Dread, ex¬ 
pects fhould fall on him, and dafh out his Brains, every 
Moment. . . 


a Pindar, in Olymp. b Homer. OdyfT. , 

c Qua rit aquas in aquis, & pom afugacia capiat 
Tantalus, hoc illi garrula lingua dedit . 

Half drown’d he thirfls, the dangling Apples fwing 
From’s gaping Chaps : This comes of Prattling. 

Hitnc fupcr atra /ilex, jamjarn lap fur a cadent i 

Jmminet a/pmilis. -* - - - Virg, .ZESn. 6. 

-. a mafly Stone, 

Ready to drop, hangs o’er his curfcd Head. 


N#w 


• 270 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

: jNow'this Fable of Tantalus reprefents the Condition 
of a Mifer 9 who* in the Midft of Plent y > fuffersJ / Vant, 
and wants as much the Things which he has, as thofe 
which he has not ; as Horace rightly fays, a where he 
applies this Fable of Tantalus to the real Wants of the 
covetous Man. 


a Tantalus a labris ftlictis Jiigientia captat 
Blumhuu Quid rides ? ?/iutato nomine, de te 
Fabula narratur. (Serm. 1. 1 .) 

TJ10’ Tantalus , you 7 ve heard, does Hand Chin deep 
In Water, yet he cannot get a Sip : 

At which you fmile: Now all on’t would be true. 
Were the Name chang’d, and the Tale told of yotu 


CHAP. XI. 

Monfters of Hell . 

T HERE are many ftrange Pictures of thefe in¬ 
fernal Monfters, but the moft deformed are the 
Centaurs, who were the ancient Inhabitants of TbcJJalia, 
and the firft who tamed Horfes, and ufed them in War. 
Their Neighbours, who firft faw them on Horfe-back, 
thought, that they had partly the Members of a Man, 
and partly the Limbs of an Horfe. But the Poets tell 
ns another Story ; for they fay that Ixion begat them 
of a Cloud, which he believed to be Juno, from 
'whence they are called Nubigctnr , in Virgil , JEn. 6. 
and Bacchus is faid to have overcome them. 

♦ 

Geryotiy becaufe he was King of the three Iflamls 
which are called Balearicles , b is feigned to have three 
Bodies: Or, it may be, bccaufe there were three Bro- 

h Tricorporem Sc tergeminum fuiffe. 

tlicrs 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 



tilers of the fame Name, whofe Minds and Affe< 5 Hons 
were fo united, that they Teemed to be governed and to 
live by one Soul. They add, that Geryon kept Oxen, 
which devoured the Strangers that came to him : They 
were guarded by a Dog with two Heads, and a Dra¬ 
gon with feven. Hercules killed the Guards, and drove 
the Oxen afterwards away. 

The Harpyes are fo called a from their Rapacity: 
They were born of Oceanus and Terra , with the Faces of 
Virgins, and the Bodies of Birds ; their Hands were 
armed with Claws, and their Habitation. was in the 
Iflands. Their Names were Aello , Ocypete , and Celenoi 
which laft brought forth Zepbyrus (the WeJ} Wind) and 
Balins , and Xrmthus, the Horfes of Achilles. Virgil gives 
us an b elegant Defcription of thefe three Sifters. 

To the three Harpyes add the three Gorgous , Me - 
dufa, Siheno , and Euryalus , who were the Daughters of 
Pborcus and Cete. Inftcad of Hair, their Heads were 
covered with Vipers , which fo terrified the Beholder, 
that they turned him prefently into a Stone. Perhaps 
they intended to reprefent, by this Part of the Fable, the 

.. * * . » > / . , 1 '■* ' • C' • • • * 

% % 

l i ii nii mmmmmm- ‘ - , 1 1 ‘ ,¥ 

• » • 

a Ab de’ujatojy rapio. > ’ " 
b At fubito horrifico lapfu Ac mont thus adfunt 
Harpyce ; & -magnis quat hint dangoribus alas ; 

Sive Dc<&> feu Junt Dir A, cbfcaniczque •volucres. 

Triftius baud tills monjlrum e/l, ?:cc Jasvior nil a. 

Pcjlis ira Deurn Stygiis fcfc extulit uadis. 

Virginei volucrum <vultus, fced{(J 7 ma ventris 
P rah ivies, uncevq ; maims, t 5 pallidafemper 

Ore fame. . .— . ^Eneid, 

When from the Mountain-tops, with hideous Cry 
And clattering Wings, the filthy Harpyes fly ; 

Mongers more fierce offended Heaven ne’er fenC, 

From Hell’s A by ft, for Human Pun i foment. 

With Virgin Faces, but with Wombs obfeene ; 

Foul Paunches, and with Ordure ftill unclean ; 

With Claws for Hands, and Looks for ever lean. 

Virg. JEiicid . 3. 

extra- 



« 7 2 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


extraordinary Beauty of thefe Sifters, which was fuch, 
that whofoever faw them were amazed, and flood im¬ 
moveable like Stones. There were other Gorgans be- 
fides, born of the fame Parents who were called La~ 
mieSy or Empufce : a They had only one Eye, and one 
Tooth, common to them all: They kept this Tooth 
and Eye at Home in a little Veflel, and, which foever 
of them went abroad, (he ufed them. b They had the 
Faces of Women, and alfo the Necks and Breads; but 
below they were covered with Scales, and bad the Tails 
of Serpents. They ufed to entice Men, and then de¬ 
vour them. Their Breafts were naked, and their Bo- 
fbms were open. They looked on the Ground as it 
were out of Modefty. Thus they tempted Men to 
difcourfe with them, and when they came near, thefe 
Lamice ufed to fly in their Faces, and ftrangle them, and 
tear them to Pieces barbaroufly. And what more plai 
ly-exprefles the devilifh Arts of wicked Women, again 
whom the Scriptures caution us in thefe Words, c The 
Sear-monflers draw out the Breaft y they give fuck? Others 
only mentioned one Latnia> who was a moft beautiful 
Woman; “Jupiter debauched her, and Junoy through 
Jcaloufy, deprived her of the Children that fhe bore. 
She became diftra&ed with Grief, and devoured other 
People’s Children in their Cradles. 

The Chimatra* is a Monfter, c which vomiteth forth 
Fire; he hath the Plead and Breaft of a Lion, the 
Belly of a Goat, and the Tail of a Dragon, as it is 
expreffed f in a known Verfc, and deferibed by s Ovid, 

A VuU 





* Mi chyl. in Prometk. b Dion Hift. Libya?. c Lamia; 
nuclave runt mam main. Lamcntat. iv. 3, a Dures,l. 2. 
Rerum Libycarum. c Horn. Iliad. £ * Hefiod. in Theog. 
E Prima Leo , poflrema Draco , media inde Cap til a, 

A Lion’s Head and Breaft refemble his. 

His Waifl a Goat’s, his Tail a Dragon’s is. 
h toque Chimara jugo , modi is in part thus Hi ram, 

PcCtits ijj ora Lut\ caudatn Draco nis huh chut* 

And 



Of the Gods oj' the Heathens. 273 


A Vulcano in Lycia occafioned this Fable ; for in the 
Top of the Mountain were Lions, in the Middle 
(where was Pafture) Goats lived, and the Bottom of 
it abounded with Serpents. a Bcllerophon made this 
Mountain habitable, and is faid therefore to have killed 
he Chimera. 

The Monfter Sphinx was begotten b of Fypbon and 
Echidkia. She had the Head and Face of a young Wo¬ 
man, the Wings of a Bird, and the Body and Feet of a 
Dog. ‘She lived in the Mountain Sphlnctus , affaulted 
all PafTengers, and irifefted the Country about Thebes $ 
infomuch that the Oracle of Apollo was confulted con¬ 
cerning her, and Anfwer was made. That, unlefs fome 
body didrefolve the Riddle of Sphinx, there would be no 
End of that great Evil. Many endeavoured to explain 
it, but were overcome, and torn in Pieces by theMon- 
, fter. Creon 9 at that Time, was King of Thebes , who 
‘ publifhed an Edi& through all Greece , in which if any 
i one could explain the Riddle of Sphinx , he promifed, 

| that he would give him to Wife his own Sifter Jocafla: 

\ The Riddle was this : c What Animal is that which goes 
j upon four Feet • in the Mornings upon two at Noon , arid upon 
l three at Night P. Oedipus , encouraged with the Hopes 
\ of the Reward, undertook it, and happilyexplainedJft; 
j fo that the Sphinx was enraged,and caft herfelf headlong 
j from a Rock, and died.. He faid, that that Animal was 
0 Man y who, in his Infancy, creeps upon his Hands 
and Feet, and fo may be.faid- to. go on four Feet; 
when he grows up, he walks on two Feet ; but, when 
he grows old, he ufes the Support of a Staff, and fo may 
be faid to walk on three Feet . 


1 « - 

And o’er the craggy Top 
Chimera dwells, with Lion’s Face and Mane, 

A Goat’s rough Body, and a Dragon’s Train. 
n Panfan. in Corinth. b Vide Natal. Com. c Quidnam 
flnunal maneepiadrupes, meridie bipes, veijpcri tripes cfict ? 

T This 


k 


274 Of t ^ e of the Heathens . 

This Oedipus way the Son of Laius , a King of Thebes: 
Soon after his Birth Laius commanded a Soldier to car* 
ry his Son Oedipus into a Wood, and then deftroy him, 
becaufe it had been foretold by the Oracle, that he 
fhould be killed by his own Son : But the Soldier was 
moved with Pity towardsthe Child, and afraid to im¬ 
brue his Hands in Royal Blood \ wherefore he pierced 
'his Feet with a Hook, and hanged him upon a Tree to 
be killed with Hunger. One of the Shepherds of Poly- 
hius , King of Corinth , found him, and brought him to 
the Queen, who, becaufe fhe had no Children, educa¬ 
ted him as her own Son, and from b hisfvuollen Feet cal¬ 
led him Oedipus. This Oedipus , when he came to Age, 
knew that King Polybiuj was not his Father, and there¬ 
fore relolved to find out his Parents \ confulting the 
Oracle, he was told that he fhould meet his Father 
in Phocis. In his Journey he met fome Paflengers, a- 
mong whom was his Father, but he knew him not ; a 
Quarrel arofe, and, in the Fray, he, by Chance, killed 
his Father. After this, he proceeded on his Journey, 
and arrived at Thebes , where he overcame Sphinx , and 
for his Reward married JocaJla , whom he knew not to 1 
be his Mother then, but difeovered it afterwards. He 
had by her two Sons, Eteocles and Polynices , and two 
Daughters, Antigone and lfmena , c When afterwards 
he found, by clear Proof, that he had killed his Father, 
and married his Mother, he was feized with fo great 
Madnefs, that he pulled out his own Eyes, and had I 
killed himfelf, if his Daughter Antigone (who led him 
about after he was blind) had not hindered him. 

Eteocles and Polynices , theSons of Oedipus and C fccn/ie ) 
fucceeded their Father in the Government: They a- 
greed to reign a Year a-piece in their Turns. Eteochs 
reigned the firft Year, and then refufed to admit his 


a Suit. i. Theb. Plutarch. ./Elian. Sc alii. 1 Puerum CE- 
dipum v.ocavit a turn ore pedum, olfrtco cnim tumco Sc mi 

pctlcm fignificat* c Senccx CEdip. d Suit, Theb. 

Brother 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 275 

Brother Polymces to the Throne : Whereupon a War 
arofe, and the two Brothers, in a Duel, killed each 
other. Their Enmity Jailed longer than their Lives 4 
for when their Bodies were placed on the fame Pile to 
be burnt by the fame Fire, the Flames refufed to unite, 
but divided themfelves into two Parts. 


CHAP. XII. 

The Elys i u m. 

T HERE is a Place in the Infernal Dominions a- 
bounding with PJeafures and Delights, which is 
called the Elyfium ; a becaufe thither the Souls of the Good 
come , after they are loo fed from the Chains of the Body , 
when they have been purged from the light Offences 
that they had contracted in this World. b /Eneas re¬ 
ceived this Account from one of the Inhabitants of it, as 
Virgil tells us, c who deferibes this PJace as abounding 


a, A7ro rri; Ata folutione; quod Animas piorum cor- 
poreis folutae vinculis, loca ilia petant poftquam purgatse 
funta levioribus noxis quas contraxerant. 

b Qgfquc fuos patimur manes ; exhide per amplum 
Mitttmur Elyfium , iff pauci l<?ta arua ten emus. 

All have their Manes , and thofe Manes bear: 

The few, who’re cleans’d, to thofe Abodes repair. 

And breathe in ample Fields the foft Elyjian Air. 
c D even ere locos lottos , iff anievna vireta 
Fortutiatorum nemorum fedefquc bcatas : 

Largior h 'tc canipos tether quoq\ lumina njcfltt 
Pur pureo , folemque fuum fuajidcra no runt . 

Thcfo holy Rites perform’d, they took their Way 
Where long extended Plains of Plcafure lay. 

The verdant Fields with thofe of Heav’n may vie. 

Will) jEthcr veiled, and a Purple Sky : 

The blifsful Seats of happy Souls below, 

•Stars of their own, and their own Sun they know. y 

T % witlK 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


•with all the Delights that the moft pleafant Plains, the 
moft verdant Fields, the fhadieft Groves, and the fined 
and moft temperate Air can produce. 


CHAR XIII. 

The River Lethe. 

T HERE is a River in Hell called Lethe> a from 

the Forgetfulnefs it caiifes. For if any body 
drinks this Water, he immediately forgets all Things 
paft : So that when the Souls of the Pious have fpent 
many Ages in the Elyfian Fields, b they drink the Water 
of Lethe , and are believed to pafs into new Bodies, and 
return into the World again : And it is neceflary that they 
forget, both the Pleafures that they have received in 
Elyfiurn , and the Miferies that they did heretofore endure 
in this Life, that they may willingly return into this mi- 
ferable Life again. Thefe Souls went out from Elyfiurn 
by that Ivory Gate, which you fee painted in the lower 
Part of this Wall; and, if you pleafe, we will go through 
this Gate, and leave thefe infernal Regions, to view more 
beautiful, though not lefs ridiculous. Images of the other 
Gods. 


* ’At ro t to}Qi7.;» ab oblivione. 

b - Amines quibus altera fato 

Corpora debenture Lcthai adjluminis undam 
Securos latices & lojiga oblinjia pot ant* 

- - Souls that by Fate 

Are doom’d to take new Shapes, at Lethe *'s Brink 
Quaff Draughts fecurc, and long Oblivion drink. 


PART 


PART V. 

4 

Of the Dii Minorum Gentium ; 

o R, 

1 

I 

| The Subordinate Deities. 


CHAP. I. 

The Penates. 

)W, Pala:opbilus^\et us view the fifth 
Divifion of this Fabulous Pantheon , in 
which the inferior or fubordinate GWrare 
contained : The Latins generally called 
them Dii Minor um Gentium , and fome- 
times Scmones , Minuti , Plcbcii , and Pa - 
tdlarii. They are painted without Confufion, in very 
good Order, and very diftindily. If v?e confider how 
infinite the Number of them was, it is plain, that the 
Romans had almoft as many Gods as there are Things. 
And, indeed, how great are the Number of Gods who 
prclide over inconfidcralile Things, fince there arc three 
Gods to keep one Door ! Firft, the God Fercuius looks 
after the Door, the Gcddcfs Cardua after the Hinges, and 
Umentim after the Thtelhold. I (hall only briefly fpealc 

T 3 of 




278 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


of thofe, who affift, or any ways preferve Men from 
their Birth to their Death. 

The Penates are fo called from the Latin Word Pe- 
mts ; which Word, a Tally fays, includes every Thing 
that Men eat. Or elfe they have this Name from the 
Place allotted to them in the Heavens; b becaufe they 
are placed in the moft inward and private Parts of the 
Heavens where they reign : Hence they call them Pc- 
netrales^ and the Place of their Abode Penetrate . They 
intirely govern us by their Reafon, their Heat, and 
their Spirit, fo that we can neither live, nor ufe our 
XJnderftanding c without them, yet we know neither 
the Number nor Names of them. The ancient Hetrufi 
called them Confentes and Cojnplices > luppofing that 
they are Jupiter’s Counfellors, and the Chief of the 
Gods : And many reckon Jupiter himfclf, together 
with Juno and Minerva , among the Penates . But I 
will give you a more diftineft and particular Informatk-n 
in this Matter. 

There were three Orders of the DU Penates: 1. 
Thofe who governed d Kingdoms and Provinces, and 
were abfolutely and folely called Penates . 2. Thofe 

who prefided over Cities only, and thefe were called 
the. Gods of the Country , or the great Gods\ /Eneas makes 
mention of them in c Pirgil. 3. Thofe who prefided 
over particular Houfes and Families, and thefe were 
called the f ' fmall Gods . The Poets make frequent Men¬ 
tion of them, cfpcciaily Tirgil , who, in one Place, men¬ 
tions Fifty Servant-maids, whole Bufmefs it was to 


8 Efl cnim penus oinne quo vefcuntnr homines, c. 2. de 
Nat. b Quod penitus infideant, ex quo Pcnctraks a. Poetis 
vocantur, U locus in quo fervabantiireorum efHgies Pcmtrah 
diftus. Varro ap. Arnob. 1 . 3. c Virg. iEn. 1. 5. <l Dii 
Patrii 9 ao» wa 1 g«toi,Macrob. 3. Saturn.14. Plut. 4. Symp.i, 

c 7«, Genii or, cafe facra manu patriofque Penates . 

Our Country-Gods, the Rdiqucs and the Bands, 

Hold you, my Father, in your guiltlefs Hands. 

* Parvique Penates, Virg. ^En. 8. 

look 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 279 

Jook after their Affairs, and to offer Sacrifices to the Houfi- 
held Gods: And in a another Place he fpeaks of thefe 
Houfhold Gods being ffained and defiled by the Blood 
of one that was killed by his Brother. But it muft 
Jikewife be obferved, that, amongft the Latins , the 
Word Penates not only Signifies the Gods, of which we 
have been fjpeaking, but I ike wife fignifies a Diveiling- 
Houfe , of which we have Inftances in many Authors, 
and among the ref}, in b Virgil , c 7 ~*ulty 9 and d fiabius . 

c Tinueus^ and from him Dionyfius , fays, That thefe 
Penates had no proper Shape or Figure ; but were 
wooden or brazen Rods, (haped fomewhat like Trum¬ 
pets. But it is alfo thought, by others, that they had 
the Shape of young Men with Spears, which they held 
apart from one another. 


a Flammas adolere Penates, JEn. i. b Sparfos fra- 

terna c*ede Penates, JEn. 4, c Noflris fuccede penatibus 
hofpes. d Exterminare aliquem a fuis Diis Penatibus. 
Pro Sexto. e Liberos pellere domo, acprohibere Penati- . 
bus. Dec. 260. 8. Lib. 1. 


CHAP. II. 

The L a r e s. 

T^HE Lares were Children born from the ftolen 
JL Embraces of Mercury and the Nymph Lara $ for 
when, by her Prating, fhe had difeovered fome of jfa- 
piter’s Amours, he was fo enraged that he cut out her 
Tongue, and banifhed her to the Stygian Lake. Mer¬ 
cury , who was appointed to conduft her thither, ravifh- 
ed her upon the Road. f She grew big with Child, and 


{ Fitqne gravis Gemtnojque parti qiti compiler fcrvant y 
El vigilant nofir a Jenifer in evdc Lares. Ovid. Fait. 1 . 2. 

Her Twins the Lares call’d. ’Tis by their Care 
OurHoufcs, Roads, and Streets in Safety arc. 

T 4 in 


280 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

indue Time brought forth Twins, and named them 
Lares. 

* 

They were mad q Domejluk Gods , and accordingly 
prefided over 3 Houfes, Streets, and Ways. On this 
Account they were worshipped b in the Roads and open 
Streets, called, in Latin , Compita , from whence the 
Gaines celebrated in their Honour were called c CompL 
talitii , Compitalitia, and fometimes Co?npitalia. When 
thefe Sports were exercifed, d the Images of Men and 
Women, made of Wool, were hung in the Streets; 
and fo many Balls made of Wool as there were Ser¬ 
vants in the Family, and fo many compleat Images 
as there were Children. The Meaning of which Cuf- 
tom was this: Thefe Feafts were dedicated to the Lares, 
who were efleemed Infernal Gods, the People defiring 
hereby that thefe Gods would be contented with thefe 
woollen Images, and fpare the Perfons reprefented by 
them. The Roman Youths ufed to wear a golden Or¬ 
nament, called Bulla , about their Necks; it was 
made in the Shape of an Heart, and hollow within. 
This they wore till they were fourteen Years of Age, 
and then they put it off, and, hanging it up, confecra- 
ted it to the Lares , as we learn from c Perfius . Thefe 
Lares fometimes f were eloathed in the Skins of Dogs; 
and were g fometimes fafhioned in the Shape of Dogs; 
whence that Creature was confecrated to them. 

The Places in which the Lares were worfhipped was 
called Lararium ; and in the Sacrifices offered to them, 
the fir It Fruits of the Year, h Wine and Inccnfe were 
brought to their Altars, and their Images adorned with 


a Martial. 1 . 3. Epigr. 57. b Arnob. 2. c Varrode Rc 
ruflica; & 5. de Ling. Lat. d Feftus apud Lil. Gyr. 
c Bullaque fuccinttis Laribus don at a pependit . 

When fourteen Years are pall, the Bullet s laid 
Afide, an Offering to the Lares made. 
f Plutarch, in 1 rob. , g Plautus. h Tibullus, J. 1. 
in nrol. Aul. 

Chap- 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 281 

Chaplets and Garlands. a The Beginning of which 
Worfhip came from hence, that anciently the Dead , 
b who were buried at home, were worfhipped a? Gods, 
and called Lares. And befides, we find in c Pliny , that 
they facrificed, with Wine and Jncenfe, to the Images 
of the Emperors, while they yet lived. 


a Juvenal. Sat. 9. 12. b Arnob. 5. ex Ynr. c Epiilcl. 
1. 10. 


C II A P. III. 

SECT. I. ‘The Genii. Their Names . 

A LTHOUGH the Genit and tl>c Lares fometimes 
i 1 mean the fame Deities, yet by Genius is commonly 
meant that Spirit of Nature which begets all Things, from 
which <! generative Power it has its Name ; or elfe it is fo 
called, hecaufe it afiifts all Generations; or laftly, becaufe 
it protcfls and defends us when we are begotten. 'Fhe 
Birth- Day, and the Marriage-Bed, had the Name c Ge¬ 
nial from him ; which Name f was like wife given all 
Days wherein Mirth, Pleafure, and Joys did abound. 
And on the fame Account thofe who live merrily, 
who deny themfeives nothing that makes for their Eafe 
and Pieafure, or that is grateful to their Appetite, who 
entirely follow the Di&ates of their fenfual Defires, are 
faid to live a genial Life , or to indulge their Genius . 

The Greeks called thefe Ge?tii Dtemons 9 as it is 
thought, from the » Tc-rror and Dread they create in 
thofe to whom they appear; or, as it is more probable. 


d A gignendo feu genendo, nam geno pro gigno olim 
diccbatur. Aug 7. de Civitate Dei. Cicero 2. de Oratore, 
Sc 2. de Tnvcntionc. Ccnforin. de Die Nat. 3. f lfidor. 
8. Etymol c. ult. g Dummies dicuncur u ^c&ifAstUu cx- 
terreo, aut pavcfacio. Elifebius. 


from 



2 $ 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

* 

a from the prudent and wife Anfwers which they gave 
when they were confulted as Oracles. b Hence fome 
think, that illuftrious Men, whofe Adlions in this Life 
gain them universal Praife and Applaufe, do after their 
Deaths become Daemons, by which Daemons is to be 
underftood, c as Plutarch fays. Beings of a middle Kind 
of a greater Dignity than Man, but of a Nature inferior 
to the Gods. 


a Yel quail Id eft, periti rerumque prsefeii, nam 

Tefponfa dabant confulentibus. Hid or. 8. Etymol. b So¬ 
crates exHef. ap. Plat. ibid. c Lib. de Orat. 

SEC T. II. 'Their Images, 

HE Images of the Genii refembled for the moll 
JL Part the Form a of a Serpent , according to c Per - 
fius , and his Commentators. Sometimes alfo they were 
deferibed like a Boy, or a Girl, or an old Man; and 
crowned with the Leaves of the Plainc-Tree^ f which 
was a ‘Tree facred to the Genii. 


d Statii Theb. 5. 

c Tinge duos cingacs ; ■ Pueri, facer' of locus, extra 
Mcictc. - -- 

Paint here two Snakes ; let no Youth dare 
Defile with Pifs thofe Walls that facred are. 

Vide la Cerda.* Commentar. in iEneid. f PJatanua pu- 
tabatur arbor genialis. 

a 

SECT. III. Sacrifices offered, to the Genii. 

W INE and Flowers were offered up in the Sacri¬ 
fices to the Genii^ and that cfpecially by People 
on their Birth-Days, as we may learn from >■ Pcrfius and 


e Fiuule in crum Gcuio .• -- -■ 

To Genius confecratc a chearful GIafs. 


Horace . 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



* Horace, To thefe Flowers and Wine they added 
Incenfe, parched Bread, and Corn ft re wed with Salt. 
b Sometimes alfo a Swine was facriiiced ; though Cenfo - 
rims writes, that it was not ufual to facrifice to the 
Genii with the Blood and Slaughter of any "Thing, 
fince we ought not to take Tile from other Creatures 
on that Day on which we received it. 


a -- « • - piabant 

F lor thus & <viho Gettium memoretn brevis <wi } 

Cum J'ociis operum & pue.ris & cujugn ft da . 

T heir Wives, their Neighbours, and their prattling Boys, 
Were call’d ; all tailed of their fportive Joys : 

They drank, they danc’d, they fung, made wan ton Sport, 
Enjoy’d themfelves, for Life they knew was lhort, 

Herat . Epiji, 2. i„ 

b Plut. in Aul. Pafeph. Eel. 5. Hor. 3. Carrn. 


.SEC T. IV. Their Offices. ■ 

T HE Genii were appointed the continual Guardi¬ 
ans, Overfeers, c and fafe Keepers oftbeMen (as 
d (he Women’s Guardians and Protestors were called 
Juncnes) from their Cradles to their Graves. 'They 
likewife carried the Prayeis of Aden to the Gods, and 
interceded for them. Whence fume call them Pra:~ 
Jiiies , or chief Governors, c bccaufc they are fet over the 
Management of all Things. 

To every rerfon f were nfligned two Genii , a Bonus 
Genius , and a Mains Genius : ^ Horace calls them a 
white and a black one. We were told by h Valerius 
Maximus that when CaJJivs fled to Athens , after Antony 
Was beaten at Attium* there appeared to him a Man 


c Arrian, in Epi&et. ll Polit. Mifcell. c. 99. c Quod 
prxfint gerundis omnibus. Martianus 2. de Nupt. f Plut. 
do Ifide 8 c Ofir. p Gcnium Album 8 c Nigrum, florat. 2. 
Epift. h Interrogatus quifquam cflet refpondit fe c/Tc 
kuxi frcriuovK. Val. Max. 1 . 1. c. 7. 


Of 


2 84 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

of a large Stature, of a black fwarthy Complexion 
with long Hair, and a nafty Beard. CaJJtus afked him 
who he was? And the Apparition anfwcred, I am your 
evil Genius. Virgil is thought, by his a Commentator 
Servius 0 to mean thefe two Genii , by the Word Mams. 
Of thefe two Genii , the good One , which is given to 
every one at his Birth, conflantly incites him to the 
Pra£lice of Virtue and Goodncfs $ whereas the had One 
prompts him to all Manner of Vice and Wickednefs. 

Nor were thefe Genii affigned to Men only : for 
feveral Countries had their Genius , who therefore were 
called the b Deities of the Place. Nay, c Genii were al¬ 
lotted to all Houfes, and Doors, and Stables, and 
Hearths : And becaufe the Hearths were ufually co¬ 
vered with Slates , therefore the God of the Hearths was 
called Lateranus : But of thefe enough* Let us now 
proceed to the other inferior Deities. 


a Quifque fuos patimur manes, Virg. JEn. 6. Vide Ser- 
vium in loc. b Numen loci. Virg. dEn. 7. c Prud. in 
Symm. Laterculis extrui foci folebant. Lil. Synt. 1. 


C H A.P. IV. 

The Nuptial Gods and Goddejfes . 

F IVE Deities were fo abfolutely necefiary to nil 
Marriages, that none could lawfully be folem- 
nizecl without them. They were ll 'Jupiter perfect us 
feu adultus , ‘J uno perfeEla feu adult a , Venus , Suada , and 
Diana : Befides which, feveral inferior Gods and 
Goddcfles were worfhipped at all Marriages. 

c fugatinus joined the Man and the Wotnan together 
in tlie Yoke of Matrimony. 

Minorcs Sc Plcbcii Dii. c A jugo matrimonii didus. 
Aug, dc Civit. 4. 

Demi- 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2S5 

* Domiducus a guided the Bride into the Bridegroom’s 
Houfe. 

Domitius was worfhippcd, that the Bride might be b 
kept at Home, to look after the Affaiis of the Family* 

Manturna was worlhipped, that the Wife might 
never leave her Hufband, but in all Conditions of Life 
c abide with him. 

Then the Goddefs Virginenjis , and alfo the Goddefs 
Cinxia Juno y <l was invoked when the Virgin’s Girdle 
was un loo fed. 

Priapus y or Mutcnus , was alfo reckoned one of the 
Nuptial Gods, becaufe in his filthy Lap the Bride was 
commanded to fit, according to a very religious and 
modifh Cuftom, forfooth ! 

Percunda, or Parcunda , was alfo wor{hipped : St. 
Auguflin-) mentioning her, advifes us to c Jpare the 
Mode fly of Human Nature. 

f Viriplaca reconciles Hufbands to their Wives. A 
Temple at Rome was dedicated to her, whither the 
married Couple ufually repaired when any Quarrel 
arofe between them ; and there opening their Minds 
freely to each other, without Paffion, they laid afide all 
Anger, and returned Home together friendly. 

The Goddefs Matuta , s according to the Opinion of 
fome, was the Daughter of Cadmus , whom the Greeks 
call Leucothca , or Jno. h The Maid-Servants were not 
fuftered to come within her Temple; but the married 
Women admitted one of them, and afterwards buffeted 
her. Mothers prayed to this Goddefs to fend Bleflings 
on their Sijler' s Children, but never prayed to her for 
their own: And therefore while they were prefent at 
her Sacrifices, they carried not their own, but their 
Sifter’s Children in their Arms. 


a Quodfponfam in fponfi domum duceret. Idem ibid. & 
1 . 9. c. 9. k Ut fponfam domi teneret. c Ut cum marito 
femper inancrct. d Auguft. ibid. e Ut parcatur human a: 
verccundi.x ibid. r A plncando Viro. Val. Max. 1 . 2. c. x. 
s Otid. Met. 1 . 3. h Hut. in Camiilo, & Qua 11 . Rom. 1. 

The 



zS6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

The Goddefs Mena prefided over the Women’s * 
Monthly Courfcs ; and was the fame with the b Moon . 

And c Februa was employed in the fame Affair; ihe 
was fo called for the fame Reafon. 


a A Menftruis. b Etiam Gra:ce Luna dicitur. c A 
februo, id eft, purgo. 


CHAP. V. 


I'he Gods f refuting over Women with Child . 



HREE Gods afiifted big-belly’d Women when 
their Afiiftancc was afked. 


Pilummis was one of the Gods of Children : He was 
fo called from the Peftle, 11 which the Ancients pounded 
their Corn with, before they made their Bread, or b be- 
caufe he keeps off thofe Misfortunes which attend 
Children. 

Inter cidona was the Goddefs who firft taught the Art 
c of cutting Wood with a Hatchet to make Fires. 

Deverra was worshipped as a Goddefs, becaufe fhc 
invented Brooms, d by which all Things are brufhed 
clean, and thofe Diftempers prevented that proceeded 
from Naflinefs. 

The Sylvan Gods , who were always hurtful to big- 
belly’d Women, were driven away by thofe Deities, 
and the Mifohtef they invented was prevented. For, as 
neither the Trees, c fays St. Augitjiine , are cut clown 
without ail Ax^ nor Bread made without a PeJUe , nor 
Things preferved dean without a Brujl); fo, fmee thofe 
Inflruments are thought Signs of good Houfewifry, it 
was fuppofed, that thofe wild unclean Gods would ne¬ 
ver dare to enter into the Chamber of a breeding Woman, 


a A nilo. l> Quod mala ab jnfanlibus pell It. Scrvius, 
c Al> iutorcifione feeuris. ,l A fcopis quibus verritur. 
c Augullin, de Civil, Dei, L 7. 

C I I A l\ 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


C H A P. VI. 


fhe Gods and Gcddefes prefiding ever Women in 

Labour . 


T HESE Goddejfis atfifted Women in Travail and 

promoted the h2ppy Birth of the Child. 

Juno Luciua , a whofe Image was thus formed. One 
Hand was empty, and ready, as it were, to receive the 
new- born Babe ; the other Hand held a lighted Xcrch, 
by which that Light of Life was figntfied, which all 
enjoy as foon as they arc born. 

Diana; (though b fome make no Difference between 
her and Lucina.) Limans fpeaks very handfomcly, c 
when he relates that Diana s Temple was burnt the 
fame Night in which Alexander was born : d It is no 
6 Wonder fhe was abfent from her Houfe, fays he, 
6 when her Afliftance was neceffary at the Labour of 
* Olympias , Alexander's Mother/ She is called Solvizo - 
na ; for when Women lay in the fir ft Time, they 
loofed their Zona^ or Girdle , and dedicated it to Diana . 
Egeria is fo called '-‘from cajlittg forth the Birth. 
Profa? or Prorfa , or Porrima (who was called alfo 
P of vert a and Anteverta) looked after the Birth of the 
Child : * It was in her Power to make the Birth cafy 
and regular, or difficult and prepofterous. 

Adanageneta K prefided alfo over the Infant, both be¬ 
fore and after his Birth. 

Laftly, the Godclefs Latona , of whom we have fpo- 
ken in her Place. It was thought that fhe very much 
loved a Dunghill-Cock; becaufe a Cock was prefont 


a Nat. Comes. u Catull. Carni. ad Dian. 12. c Ci¬ 
cero do Nat. Door. 1 . i. i{ Thcocr. Idyll. 1 , 17. c A pnrtu 
cftcrenclo. f Cell. c. 19, Plutarch. Ro ,v :, tj. 25. & JEW. 

<.ni varia llillonu 


when 



Of the Gods 

when fhe brought forth Diana and Apollo ; and from 
thence fome imagine, that the Prefence of a Cock ren¬ 
ders Women’s Labours eafy. 

1 Vixii Dei , fo called a from f riving , becaufe the Mother 
end the ChildJlruggle at that Time : The Mother ftrug- 
gles through Pain, and the Child, that it may come 
into the World, 


* Ab enitendo, quod eniterotur cum mater, turn fcetus, 
Aufon. Idyll, iz. 


CHAP. VII. 

The Deities profiling over Infants at the Time of 

their Birth and after . 

% 

^ H E S E Deities prefided over Children in the 
JL Time of their Birth, and afterwards: Janus , 
who opened b the Door of life to them . 

Opis 9 who c a (lifted them when they came into the 
World. 

Tsfafcio , or Natio , a Goddefs fo called from a Latin 
Word, fignifying to be born. 

Cuma > c who attends the Cradle, and watches the 
Infants while they lie and fleep. 

Car menu7 , f who fings the Dcftinies. 

Vagit anus , or Valicanus , 15 who takes care of them 
when they cry 

Lev ana y ll from lifting them up from the Ground 
1 For, when a Child was born, the Midwife conflantly 


b Qui aperiret vita; januam, c Qua; opem ferret. <l A 
nnfcqndo, Auguftin. de Civitate, 1 . 4. c. 8. & 11. Qu;u 
cunis pneefl. r A canendo. 15 A vagiendo. ,l A Icvando. 
j Var. 2. de vita pop. Rom. 



of the Heathens „ 


laid 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 289 

laid the Child on the Ground, and the Father, or, in 
his Abfence, fomebody appointed by him, lifted it 
from the Ground; and from thence tollere liberos ilg- 
nifies to educate Children, 

w 

Rumina , who milks the Breaft for the Child. a Ru - 
?na is an old Word fignifying a Breaft. 

Potina , b who gives the Infants Drink. 

Educa , or Edufa , from whom it receives its c Food. 
OJJilago , who fattens the (l Bones, and hardens the 
Body. 

Carna y or Carnea , who e keeps the inward Parts fafe. 
To this Goddefs they facriheed, upon the Kalends of 
Juno, Bacon, and Cakes made of Beans. Whence 
thofe Kalends were called. Fab aria:. 

The Goddefs Nundina was fo called from f the ninth 

r 

Day of the Child’s Age, which was the Day of the Pu¬ 
rification : In which the Name was given it, if it was 
a Boy : If it was a Girl, this Ceremeny was performed 
, on the eighth Day.. 

Statilinusy or St at amts, who teaches Infants s to ftand 
and walk $ and preferves them from falling. 

Fabulmusy h who looked after them when they began 
; to fpeak. 

Paventia was the Goddefs who j preferred them from 
; Frights. 


I a Augufh 1 . 4. c. 8. b a potando. c ab edendo. d ab 
j offibus. a carne. Vide IVXacrob. Saturn. 1. j. c. 3 . f a 
j nono die, qui fu'it dies lullricus. Vide Macrob. Feltum in 
voccluftricus, Eaftando, h a fan do. J ab a verten do pa- 

vorc. 


1 

1 


\ 


u 


C H A P. 




£ 9 ° 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


CHAP. VIII. 

The Gods and GoddeJJes prefiding over adult 

Perfons . 

O U R feveral ACtions are fuppofed to be under the 

Protection of divers Gods. 

Juventus^ or Juvcntas^ protects us In the Beginning 
of our Youths a when we have thrown off the Child's 
Coot. 

Agenoria excites Men to b Atlion* 

Strenua encourages us to c behave ourfelves Jlrem • 
oujly and bravely upon ali Occafions. 

Stimula eggs us on to extraordinary A&ions*. 

Horta is the Goddefs* d who exhorts us to undertake 
poble Enter prizes. Her Temple at Rome flood always 
open : and fome call ber Hora . 

£hties had her Temple without the City; and c was 
fuppofed to be the Donor of Peace and £hiiet?zefs. 
Murcia renders Men f lazy, idle, and dull. 

Adeona and Abeona protects us fo, that we have Power 
to go in and out in Safety. 

Vibilia brings Wanderers into the Way again. 
Vacuna protects the Idle and Lazy. 

FeJJonia recreates-and refrelhesthe Weary. 

The Goddefs. Meditrina has her Name from& Heal- 

% 

ing; and her Sacrifices were called Medilrinalia , in 
which they drank new and old Wine inftead of Phy- 
fick. 

The Goddefs Vitula is fo called from h Leaping for 


a Augufl. 1 . 4. c. 11. b Jdem,l. 4. c. 16 . c Varrolib, 
4. de Ling. Lat, <l Plut. Qupeft. Rom. 14, c Aug. 4.16. 
i murcidos reddit. Idem, ibid. & a niedendo, Yar. &Fc* 

A u s . h h vitulando, id eft, l&titia geftiendo. 

Joy ; 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 291 

Joy: She is the Goddefs of Mirth , which mitigates the 
Toils of Life. 

The Goddefs Volupla , from a Pleafure; for from her 
we receive it. 

Orbona was worfhipped, that fhe fhould not leave 
Parents b dejiitute of Child*en. 

Pellonia was thought to have great Power in c driving 
away the Enemy. 

Numeric was worfhipped, that from her we might 
learn fl to caft Accompts. 

Canioena was effeemed a Goddefs, that inclines In¬ 
fants * to fing. 

Scntia was worfhipped, that Children might imbibe 
at firft juft and honourable f Sentiments. 

Angerona was the Goddefs that removed the s An- 
guifhes of the Mind, or elfe was fo named from !l the 
Squinancy. When the Cattle of the Romans were ai- 
nioft Wholly deftroyedby this Difeafe, they offered Vows 
to her, and fhe removed the ‘ Plague. 

Hares Martin was one of the Companions of Mars , 
and was worfhipped by thofe who obtained an Inheri¬ 
tance. 

Sfata jot Statiia Mater , was worfhipped in the For urn , 
that it fhould not be burnt, or fuller Damage by fre¬ 
quent Fires, which happened there in the Night. 

The Goddefs Laverna was the -Proteftrefs of Thieves, 
who, from her, were named Laverniones: They wor¬ 
fhipped her, that their Deligns and Intrigues might be 
fuecefsful r k Her Image was a Head without a Body. 

The God Averritncus was thought to 1 repel and pre¬ 
vent Misfortunes. 

Coufus fuggcfled good m Gounfcl in the Management 
of Affairs. 


,l A vo In plate. 
fi a numerando. 


b orbos liberis. 
a canemlo. 


c a peJlondis hu/libus. 
f a fentiendo Pelt. Jul. 


Moduli. K ut pellcrct aiigoresanimi. h ut are c ret an gin am. 
M'Vlh id. ibid. I: Seal ip;, in Pell. ! ab avemmeando, id 


clt, avertendo mala. 


* JI a confulendo. 

U 2 


Cat ins 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


Catius made Men a clrcumfpeft, acute, and wife, 

Valumnus and Volumna were fo named, bccaufe, 
through their Means, Men fa were willing to follow 
Things that are good, 

Honorius , the God from whom they begged Honours . 
Aius Locutius was worfhipped on this Occafion : c A 
certain common Soldier reported, that in the Night 
he heard a Voice fay. The Gauls are coming . Nobody 
minded what he faid, becaufe he was a poor Fellow. 
After the Gallick War, Camdlus advifed the Romans to 
expiate their Offence in negletiing this nofturnal Voice , 
which forewarned them of the Gallick War, and the 
enfuing Deftrudlion ; thereupon a Temple was dedi¬ 
cated in Via Nova to Aius Locutius . 


Among the A&tbiopians , or the AJfyrians , and Per fans 
Pcena and Beneficium (Punijhment and Favour) were 
reckoned in the Number of the Gods- For the formei 
was efteemed the Diftributer of Evilj the other the 
Difpenfer of good Things . 


a Quod homines cautos redderet. * a volendo, quode? 
jus confilio bona vellent. c Auguft. 1 . z. c. 21. Valer. 
Maximus. 


CHAP. IX, 

The Gods affigned to the feveral Parts of Human 

bodies. 


A Particular God was afligned and aferibed to every 

Member of the Body of Man. 

The Head was facred to A fupitcr , the Breaft to 
Neptune , the Waift to Mars , the Forehead to Genius , 
the Eye-brows to Junoy the Eyes to Cupid , the Ears to 



Mmoria> 


d Scrvius in Georg. 




s ♦ r » x 

Of the Gods of the lie at hens . 


r 



Metnoria , the Right-hand to Fides, the Back and the 
hinder Parts to Pluto, the Reins to Venus, the Feet to 
Mercury, the Knees to Mifericordia the Ancles and 
Soles of the Feet to Thetis, and the Fingers to jj#- 

neYva. 


The Aftrologers afligri the Parts of the Body to the 
Celejiial Conftellations, in another Manner, thus : a The 
Head they affign to Aries, the Neck to Taurus, the 
Shoulders to Gemini, the Heart to Cancer? the Breaft to 
Leo, the Belly to Virgo, the Reins to Libra , the fecrets 
to Scorpio , the Thighs to Sagittarius , the Knees to Ca 
pricom, the Legs to Aquarius, and the Feet to Pi fees. 


a Finnic. & Manilius apud Lil. Gyr. Synt. i. 


C H A P. X. 

The Funeral Gods, 

T HE Chief of the Funeral Deities is Libitin a, 

whom fome account to be the fame as Venus , 
fince her Name is derived b from Luft or Concupis¬ 
cence ; but others think that fhe was Proferpine. In 
her Temple all Things neceflary for Funerals were 
fold or let. Libitina fometimes iignifies the Grave, 
and Libitinarii thofe Men who were employed in bu¬ 
rying the Dead. Porta Libitina , at Rome , was that 
Gate, through which the Dead Bodies were carried to 
be burnt: And Rationes Libitina, in Suetonius , figni- 
fies thofe Accounts which we call The Bills of Morta¬ 
lity, or the Weekly Bills . 


b Ita tli&a ii libitu vcl libidinc. 


u 3 


PART 



PAR T VI. 


Of the Dii Indigetea a?id Adfcripti- 
tii, the Semi-Dei (Demi Gods) 
and Heroes. 



HIS now is the laft Divifion of ths 
Fabulous Pantheon , in which you fee 
exactly defenbed the Images of the 
Indigctcs , or Semi-Dei., and the Heroes. 
T told you at fir ft who the Dii AIdfcrip - 
lih'i end the Indigetes weac, and from 
whence they were fo called. 

The Scmidei , 'Hp>i 9 eo», [Hemitheoi] were thofe who 
had human Bodies, facred Minds, and celeftial Souls: 
They were bom in this Woild for the Good and Safe¬ 
ty Mankind. a Labeo , in St. Augujline , diftingui/hes 
them from the Heroes . He thinks that Her os was one 
of y/wo’s Sons, and that the Name Her os is derived 
from [Hera] Juno's Name in the Greek Language. 
b Others think the Word comes from ^a, [Era] 
the Earth j bccaufc Mankind owe their Original to if. 
e Others again think it comes from spu?, [Eros'] Love ; 
for Heroes are the mod illuftrious Produil of Love, and 


;i Lib. io. c. 2i. l) Tnterpr. Iloineri apud Lil. Gyr. 
iiynt. i. c Plat, in Cratylo. 



pijoche . 







































































































_ * 

Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



are fchemfelves, as Hierocles obferves, full of Love. 
But others think that this Name is derived from f d l0} > 
[£reo] to plead, and is given them becaufe Heroes are 
very elegant, and moft powerful, and fkilful in Rheto¬ 
ric. Or* laftly, it is thought that the Word comes 
from &§ih} 9 [Arete J Virtue $ for Heroes are endued 
with many Virtues. But let us fpeak particularly con¬ 
cerning fome of thefe Heroes, of whom the moft fa¬ 
mous was Hercules . 


CHAP. I. 

SECT. I. Hercules. His Birth. 

T HERE were many Hercules* s, but (as a Tully 

fays) the famous Adfions of them all are afcrib- 
ed to him, who was the Son of yupiter by Alcmena , the 
Wife of Ampbytrio , King of "Thebes . 

• When Ampbytrio was abfent, b Jupiter put on his 
Shape and Drefs, and came to Alcmena; who, thinking 
that her Hufband was returned, entertained the deceit¬ 
ful God both at Table and at Bed, and had by him a 
Son, whofe Limbs were fo large, his Conftitution fo ro- 
buft, and every Part of his Body fo full of Vigour, that 
Jupiter was forced to join three Nights together, and 
employ them all in producing a Son of fuch marvel¬ 
lous Strength. Before this Adultery, Alcmena had con¬ 
ceived a Son by her Hufband. This Son and Hercules 
were Twins ; his Name was Jpbiclus j c he was won¬ 
derful fwiftin Running* 

When Juno had di(covered Jupiter 1 s Adultery, flic 
began to hate Hercules fo violently, that {he endeavoured 


a Dc Nat. Dcorum. 1 . 2. b Natalis Comes. Lil. Gyrald. 
c Nam fupcr exlrcmas fegetum curvcl'at drift as , 

Nec ftccos frufius la Ad at pomkrc plant ce. Orph. in Hymn. 
He over Handing Corn would run, and ne’er 
In his fwift Motion bruife the tender Ear. 

IJ 4 with 




zg 6 Of the • Gods of the Heathens . 

with Might and Main to ruin him. Firft,* fhe obtained 
an Edidt from Jupiter ,• which (he endeavoured to turn 
to his utter Deftru&ion $ for the Wife of Stbenelus King 
of Mycencs was big with Eurijlheus at the fame Time 
when Alcmena was big with Hercules. Jupiter ordain¬ 
ed, that whichsoever of the two Children was bom 
firft, he fhould be fuperior to the other; Juno accelera¬ 
ted Euriflbeus's Birth, fo that he was born after feven 
Months, and came into the World before Hercules . 
Again, he fent two Vipers to deftroy him when he lay 
. crying in the Cradle : But it was in vain ; for the vali¬ 
ant Infant griped them in his Hands till they periflied 
by his Grafp, a as we are told by Ovid , b At length, by 
the Mediation of Pallas , Jano was reconciled to the 
noble Youth, and let him fuck her Breads: But he fuck¬ 
ed with fuch Violence that he hurt her Breads ; where¬ 
fore file put him away, and fome of her Milk was fpiltj; 
but it was not lod, for it fell upon the Sky, and made 
the Milky Way, which is in Greek called TuXcc^ce [G*- 
1 axiaJ\ Some of it pafled through* the Clouds, and fell 
on the Earth, and where it fell Lillies fprang up ; from 
whence fome call thofe Flowers c the Rofes of Juno. 

# 

* J'ene ferunt ge?ni?ios prejfjje te?mciter ungues. 

Cum tencr in cunts jam Jove dignus eras ? Ov. Epift. 
You kill’d two Serpents with your Infant-hand, 
Which then deferv’d Jove's Sceptre to command. 
b Eumolph. i. de Myileriis. c Rofse Junonke, Lil. Gyr, 

SECT. II. Names of Hercules. 

U E had two proper Names,. Hercules and Alcides\ 
jjTjL but his Surnames are innumerable. His Parents 
called him a Alcides , frcm his extraordinary Strength \ 
becaufe he greatly excelled all Mankind in Strength. 


Ih 


* Ab ’Ahxil robur. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2 9 7 

He was afterwards called Hercules , a from the Glojf 
which Juno caufed him. For her Hatred and Unkind- 
nefs towards him was the great Means of the Increafe 
ofhis Glory: For, when fhe expofed him to the great- 
eft Dangers, fhe made his Glory and Honour moft il- 
Lftrious, and, by enjoining him fo many Labours, fhe 
only-Ckcrclfed his Patience and Courage. 

The Surnames I chufe rather to omit, becaufe it is 
plain, that he derived them either from the Places where 
his mighty Feats were done, or from the .Actions that 
he performed with Applaufe and Honour ; which I 
will carefully and diftindfly recount: They are called 
Hercules 's Labours ; fo great was the Pains, and fo infi¬ 
nite the Toil of them. 


a Juno Grxcc dicitur 53 ga, Sc gloria, unde nomen 

Hercules. 

SECT. III. ftbe Labours of Hercules. 


H 


Ercules was fubjefted to Euriflbats , not only by the 
Edi<£t of Jupiter , and Unkindnefs of Juno % but 
befides, the Oracle of Apollo at Delphos advifed and per- 
fuaded him to fubmit himfelf, and obey EuriJlheuPs 
Commands; and efpecially to undergo willingly the 
twelve Labours which his Mafter fhould lay upon 
him. Hercules obeyed the Fates , and ferved Eurijlbeus 
twelve Years; and performed the moft dangerous and 
dillicult Commands with a fuitable Courage and Sirc- 
cefs. Some fay, that Hercules ferved him voluntarily, 
and performed thefe difficult Talks, to fficvv how great 
Love he bore Eurijlhcus . Though Hercules performed 
an infinite Number of memorable Actions, twelve are 
especially celebrated: And thofe twelve are comprized 
in as many b Latin Vcrfes, tranfiated out of the Greel\ 

The 


b Prim a Cl const idler at a rent man Leotiis, 

Pro.xima Lsnuriun ferro & face conttulii TlyJrath 



f 



298 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

The particular Account of thefe twelve is this. 

I. He tore in Pieces, with his Nails, a the Lion in 
the Wood of Nemece, which fome fay fell from the 
Orb of the Moon y and was invulnerable by any Wea¬ 
pon. This Place was alfo named Cleone y from whence 
the Lion was alfo called Cleoneus . This was the fir ft 
Labour of Hercules . He fkinned the Lion, and with 
the Skin he made him a Shield and Breaft-plate. 

II. There was a Hydra> a Serpent , in the Lake 
Lerna , in the Field of Argos , that had feven Heads 5 
fome fay nine, others fifty. When any of thefe 
Heads were cut off, another prefently fprang up in 
the Place of it \ unlefs the Blood which iflued from 
the Wound was flopped by Fire, lolaus , the Son of 
Jphiclus , procured for him lighted Brands from the 


Mox Erymanihevm mis ter tin percuKl Apr urn, 

JEripidis quarto tnlit aurea cornua cermi. 

Styjnphalidas pepulit mo lucres diferhnine quinto. 
'Tbreiciam fexto fpoliamit Amazon a Baltbeo . 

Septima in Augets Jlabulis impenfa laboris . 

OBama expulfo numeratur adorea %auro, , 

In Diomcdis mi Bor jam no?ia quadrigis . 

Geryonc extinBo deci771am dat Iberia palmam. 
XJndecimum mala Hcfperidu?n diJiraBa ttiumphuvi . 
Cerberus extremi fuprema cji met a laboris . 

*-* The Clconian Lion (irft he kills. 

With Fire and Sword then Lerna 9 s Pcft he quells. 
Of the wild Boar he clears th* Er 9 manthean Fields, 


The Brats-foot Stag with golden Antlers yields. 

He Siympha clears of Man-devouring Birds, 

And next the bouncing Amazon ungirds : 

The Stables of King Augeas he cleans. 

The Cretan Bull he vanquilhes and chains : 

Diomede's Horfcs him their Conqu’ror own. 

Then he brings low three-hcadcd Gtryou ; 

Ifcfpcrian Apples next his Name advance. 

And his hill Labour Cerberus unchains, 
a Euripid. in Hcrcule In fan. 

ncigh^ 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 299 

neighbouring Wood, and with them Hercules Branched 
the Blood ifliiing from the Wounds he made, This 
feafonable Afliftance was not forgotten ; for, when 
lolaus was grown to decrepid Age, Hercules , a by his 
Prayers, reftored to him his Youth again. 

III. He bound the wild Boar, whofe Fiercenefs and 
Bignefs were equally admirable, in the Mountain Ery- 
manthus of Arcadia j and afterwards brought it to Eu - 
rijiheus. 

IV. He was ordered to bring to Mycencs an Hind, 
whofe Feet were Brafs, and Horns Gold. No-body 
dared to wound her, becaufe fhe was confecrated to 
Diana ; nor could any body out-run her : Yet Her - 
cules hunted her a Year on Foot, and catched her, and 
brought her away on his Shoulders. 

V. He partly killed,^and partly drove away the Birds 
called Stymphalides , from the Lake Stymphalus , which 
ufed to feed upon Man's Fiefh. 

VI. Pie defeated the Army of the Amazons, and toofc 
from Hippolyte , their Queen, the fine ft Belt in the 
World. 

VII. He in one Day cleanfed the Stable of Augeas- , 
by turning the Courfe of a River into it. This Stable 
had never been cleanfed, although three thoufand 
Oxen (tabled in it thirty Years. Whence, when we 
would exprefs a Work of immenfe Labour and Toil, 
in proverbial Speech, we call it Cleanfing the Stable of 
Augeas. 

VIII. .He tamed a great Bull, that did innumerable 
Mifchicfs to the Ifland Crete , and brought him bound 
to Eurijlbeus. 

IX. He overcame Dio?nedcs> the moft cruel Tyrant 
of Thrace, who fed his Plorfes with the FJefh of his 
Guefls. Hercules bound him, and threw him to be 
eaten by thofe Plorfes to which the Tyrant expofed 
others. 



3 


a Ovid. Mctam. 1 . 9. 


X. He 


300 . Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


X. He overcame in War Geryoti King of Spain , who 
had three Bodies : We faw him before in Hell. He 


took Jikewife his Bay Oxen, who ate Man’s Fleftj, 
and brought them into Italy^ when he had killed the 
Dragon with feven Heads, and the two-headed Dog, 
who guarded them. 

XI. He killed the Dragon who watched, and then 
carried away the Golden Apples in the Gardens of the 
Hefperides\ from whence perhaps he is called a Me¬ 
lius ^ and Apples were offered up in his Sacrifices. 
When in Bceotia no Bull (or Sheep) could be procured 
at the Time of Sacrifice, they took an Apple, and 
ftruckinto it four Straws, which reprefented four Legs, 
and two others inftead of Horns, and again another for 
a Tail, and offered Hercules this Apple inflead of a 


Viaim. 


XII. Laftly, he was commanded by Eurijlheus to 
go down into Hell, and bring away from thence the 
Dog Cerberus . This he performed without Delay, and 
bound the Pree-headed Monjler in a triple Chain ; and 
by Force brought with him up to the Earth the Dog, 
who flrove and refilled in vain. When Cerberus faw 


the Light, he vomited, and from thence the poifonous 
Herb b Wolfs Bane fprang. Thefe are the twelve 
Labours of Hercules. 

P. Pray, Sir, let me a little interrupt you now, fincc 
I have been filent fo long. Pray firft fatisfy thefe 
two Scruples. Why could not Ju?iOj his Enemy, 
hinder his Birth ? Secondly, I know that many mention 
more than twelve Labours of Hercules . 


M . What you call an Interruption, Palceophilus , h 
both fea Ton able and acceptable to me ; becaufe it recalls 
a Thing to my Memory that I had forgot, and gives me 
an Occafion of mentioning fomething which ought not 
to be omitted : Know, therefore, that funo defigned 
to kill him in his Mother’s Womb, or die deftroy him 


a Grace fignificat malum vel pomum. b Aco- 

nitum. 


inimc- 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. .301 

immediately after his Birth; and, to perform it, con¬ 
trived a Plot: But Alc? 7 iena’s Servant, Galanthis , pre¬ 
vented it 5 for fhe cheated Juno> and told her, that Alc~ 
menu had brought forth a Son. Juno believed her, and, 
thinking that her Contrivances were ineffectual, fhe 
defifted ; and then Alcmena brought forth Hercules* 
without Trouble. But the Deceit of Galanthis was 
punifhed ; for fhe was turned into a a Weafelj and, 
becaufe Galanthis offended by her Mouth, therefore 
the Weafel brings forth her Young at her Mouth, 
with great Pain and Anguifh. 

As for the Labours of Hercules , I cohfefs, that they 
were more than twelve (though thefe principally were 
called Hercules's Labours .) If you pleafe, we will con¬ 
tinue our Account of him thus. 

XIII. He vanquifhed the enormous Giant Antaus* 

.the Son of the Earth, who was above fixty-four Cu¬ 
bits high. He was barbarous to all Strangers, for he 
forced them to wreftlc with him, and then choaked 
them. Hercules threw this Giant down thrice, and 
perceived that he recovered new Strength as oft as he 
touched the Earth ; wherefore he lifted him in his Arms 
"from the Ground, and pinched and fqueezed him till 
he burft and died. . . .. 

XIV. Buftris the Tyrant ufed to facrifice all the 
Strangers, which he caught, to his Father Neptune* 
till Hercules facrificed both him and his Son upon the 
fame Altar. 

XV. He killed the Giants, Albion and Bergion* who 
intended to flop his Journey : And when, in the Fight, 
his Arrows were confumed, fo that he wanted Arms, 
b he prayed to Jupiter , and obtained from him a Shower 
of Stones, with which he defeated and put to Flight 
his Adverfaries. This, they fay, happened in that 
fart of France , c which was anciently called Gallia 
NarbonenJis ; which Place is called ,l the Stony Plain. 

a Mullein. Grace yuhiv dicitur. b Cato in Orig. 

c Mela, 1 . 26. Georg. ,J Campus Lapideus. 

XVI. When 


302 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

* 

XVI. When Atlas was weary of his Burden, Hereto 
•hs took the Heavens upon his own Shoulders. 

XVII. He overcame the Robber .Cacus , who fpit 
Fire ; and ftrangled him. 

XVIII. He (hot the Eagle that devoured the Liver 
of Prometheus , as he lay chained to the Rock. 

XIX. He iAz'wTheodamus, the Father of Hylas , be- 
caufe he denied to give him Vidluals : But he took 
Hylas with him, and was very kind to him. 

XX. He delivered a Hejione , Daughter of Laomedon , 
King of Troy*, from the Whale (to which Sea-Mon- 
fler ihe was expofed) in this Manner : He raifed on a 
fudclen a Bank in the Place where Heftone was to be 
devoured, and b flood armed before it \ and when the 
Whale came feeking his Prey, Hercules leaped into his 
Mouth, and. Aiding down into his Belly, he fpent three 
Days in tearing the Monfter’s Belly ; but at length he 
bur ft through fafe, and loft his Hair. Laomedon , after 
this, broke his Word, and refufed to give Hercules the 
Reward he promifed 5 wherefore, he took by Force, 
and pillaged the City of Troy, giving to Telamon , who 
fltrft mounted the Wall, the Lady Hejione , as a Part 
of the Booty. 

m XXI. He overcame Achelous , the Son of Occanus and 
Terra (they fought for Deianira , who was betrothed to 
them both) though Achelous firft turned himfelf into 
a Serpent, then into a Bull: For, plucking one of his 
Horns off, he obliged him to yield. Achelous pur- 
chafed his Horn again, giving Amalthed* s Horn in its 
Stead. The Meaning whereof is this: Achelous is a 
River of Greece, whofe Courfe winds like a Scfpcnt; 
its Stream is fo rapid, that it makes Furrows where it 
flows, and a Noife like the Roaring of a Bull (and 
indeed it is common, among the Poets, to compare a 
River to a Bull.) This River divided itfelf into two 


3 Ovid. Me tarn. 1 x. b Andrrctus Tenedi in Navig. Prop, 

Streams* 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 303 

* 

Streams, but Hercules with Banks forced it into one 
Channel, u e . he broke off one of the Horns or Streams. 
The Bands thus drained became fertile ; fo that Hercu¬ 
les is faid to have received the Horn of Plenty. 

XXII. Deianira was Daughter of Oeneus , King of 
Mtolia: Hercules carried her to be married, and they 
were flopped by a River: But the Centaur Nejfus prof¬ 
fered to carry Deianira over upon his Back, NeJJiis , 
when fhe was over, endeavoured to ravifh her ; which 
Hercules obferving while he fwam, fhot him with an 
Arrow. When NeJJiis was dying, he gave Deianira 
his bloody Coat, and told her, if a Hufband wore that 
Coat, he would never follow unlawful Amours. The 
credulous Lady long after experimented the Virtue of 
it, far otherwise than fhe expe&ed ; For Hercules , who 
had furmounted fo many and fo great Labours, was at 
length overcome by the Charms of Omphale Queen of 
Lydia : He ferved her, and changed his Club into a 
Diftaff, and his Arrows into a Spindle. His Love alfo 
to lole, Daughter of Eurytus> King of Oechalia , brought 
on him DeftruAion. For his Wife Deianira , being 
defirous of turning him from unlawful Amours, fent 
him Nejfus’s Coat to put on when he went to facrifice; 
which drove him into fuch Diftraflion, that he burned 
himfelf on the Pile he had raifed, and was accounted 
ariiong the Number of the Gods.- 


C H A P. II. 

Jason. 

ASON y Son of JEfon , King of TbeJJalia and Aid- 
J ?nede y was an Infant when his Father died, fo that 
His Uncle Pclias adminiftered the Government. When 
he came to Age, he demanded Pofleflion of the Crown : 
Hut Pclias advifed him to go to Colchis , under Pretence 

of 



$OJ r Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

of gaining the Golden Fleece then, but indeed to kill 
him with the Labour and Danger of the Journey. 

P, What Golden Fleece was that ? 

M . It was the Hide of a Ram? of a white or a purple 
Colour, which was given to Phryxus , Son of Atha- 
mas“* nd Nephele , by his Mother. Phryxus and his Sif¬ 
ter Helle> fearing the Defigns of their Step-Mother Ino, 
got on this Ram to fave themfelves by Flight. But, 
while they fwam over the narroweft Part of Pontus , 
Us lie , affrighted at the Toiling of the Waves, fell down; 
whence the Sea was named the Hellefpont . Phryxus 
was carried over fafe, and went to /Eta y King of CoU 
chisf ^ Gentry, o-f Afta y near the Pontus y where he was 
kindly received, and facrificed the Ram to Jupiter y or 
Mars, who afterwards placed it among the Conftella- 
iions. Only his Hide or Fleece was hung up in a Grove 
facred to Mars . It was called the Golden Fleece , be- 
caufe it was of a Golden Colour, and guarded by Bulls, 
that breathed Fire from their Noftriis, and by a vaft 
and watchful Dragon, as a facred and Divine Pledge, 
and as a Thing of the greateft Importance. 

P. Did Jafon carry away that Fleece ? . 

M. Yes. He went on board a Ship called Argo, from 
the Builder of that Name; and, chufing forty-nine noble 
Companions, who, from the Ship, were called Argonau- 
tcs y [among whom were Hercules , Orpheus , Cajlor and 
Pollux) in his Voyage be vifited Hypfiphile , Queen of 
Lc??mos y who had Twills by him. Then, after a long. 
Voyage, and many Dangers, he arrived at Colchis , and 
demanded the Golden Fleece of King JEta y who granted 
his Requeft, on Condition that he tamed the Bulls that 
guarded it, whole Feet were of Brafs, and who breathed 
Fire; and killed the Dragon, and Towed his Teeth in 
the Ground; and, laftly, deftroyed the Soldiers, which 
fprung from the Ground where thefe Teeth were fown. 
jafon undertook the Thing on thefe Conditions, and 
was delivered from manifeft Deftru£lion, by the Affift- 
ance of Media, the King’s Daughter, who was in Love 

with 



Of the Gods of the Heathens • 3 o £ 

With him. For, obferving her Dire&ions, he over¬ 
came the Bulls, laid the Dragon afleep, carried away 
the Fleece, and fled by Night, carrying Medea with him, 
whom he after married. 

P. What did King /Eta do then ? 

M . He purfued them \ but Medea , to flop his Pur- 
fuit, tore her Brother Abfyrtus- (who went with her) in 
Pieces, and flattered his Limbs on the Road. , Wheri 
her Father faw the torn Members of his Son, he flop¬ 
ped to gather them up : So Jafon and the Argonautce. 
returned to their own Country, where Medea by her 
Charms reftored Jafon* s Father, the old decrepid JE- 
foil, to Youth again $ though fome fay that /Efon died 
before their Return. The Daughters of Pelias were 
affefied fo by this miraculous Cure, that (defiring that* 
their Father might receive the like Benefit) they were 
eafily induced, through miftaken Duty, and unfkilful 
Kindnefs, to tear their Father in Pieces ; foolifhly and 
ridiculoufly hoping that he, like JEfon 9 would become 
young again. After this 'Jafon hated Medea , and di- 
vorcinghimfelf from her, he married Creufa, the Daugh-: 
ter of Creon , King of Corinth : And Medea , to revenge 
his Perfidioufnefs, not only murdered the two Chil¬ 
dren, that fhe had by him, in his own Sight ; but in 
the next Place, inclofing Fire in a little Box, fhe fent 
it to CreUfa , who opened the Box, and by the Fire, 
which burft out of it, was burnt, together with the 
whole Court. After fhe had done this, the admirable 
Sorcerefs flew by Magic Art to Athens . Some write, 
that fhe was again reconciled to Jafon . But what has 
been faid is enough for this Heroe j let us proceed to 
another. 


CHAP, 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


t 

If 


CHAP III. 

Theseus. 

► 

HO were the Parents ofTbefeus? 

VV Ad* Mthra was his Mother, and Mgm 
ICing of Athens his Father. Minos King of Crete made 
War againft JEgeus, becaufe the Atbeiiians had difho- 
nourably and barbaroufly killed his Son, who carried 
the Prize in the Games from them all. When he had 
banifhed the Athenians , he impofed this fevere Condi¬ 
tion upon them, that they fliould fend feven of the 
moft noble Youths of their Country into Crete by Lot 
every Year. In the fourth Year the Lot fell upon 
Tbefeus , which mightily grieved and troubled his Fa¬ 
ther Aigeus . Tbefeus went on board a Ship, whofe Sails 
and Tackle were black, and received this Command 
from his Father: If by the propitious Providence of 
Heaven he efcaped the Dangers, and did return fafc 
unto his own Country again, that then he fhould 
change his black Sails into white ones, that his Father, 
being aflured of his Safety by that Signal, might be 
fenfible of that Happinefs as foon as might be. 

P. And what was the Event of that Voyage ? 

M . The Event was fortunate to "Thefeus $ but very 
unfortunate to his Father /Egeus: For, when Thefeus 
came to Crete, he was fhut up in the Labyrinth ; but 
he flew the Minotaur , and efcaped out of that inextri¬ 
cable Prifon by the Help of Ariadne . After this he fet 
Sail for Athens in the fame mournful Ship in which he 
came to Crete , but forgot to change his Sails, accord¬ 
ing to the InftrudHons which his Father had given him ; 
fo that, when his Father beheld from a Watch-Tower 
the Ship returning with black Sails, he imagined that 
bis Son was dead, and calt himfelf head-long into the 

Sea, 



Of the Gods of the Heathens* 307 

Sea, which was afterwards called * the Mgean Sea* 
from his Name and Deftiny. 

p . Who was that Ariadne P 

She was the Daughter of Minos, King of Crete. 
She was violently in Love with Thefeus^ and delivered 
him b out of the Labyrinth by the Means of a Thread. 
She followed him in his Return to the Iiland of Naxus 9 
and there Thefeus perfidioufly and ungratefully left her* 
But Bacchus pitied her miferable Condition, and mar¬ 
ried her; and gave her a Crown that was illuminated 
with feven Stars, which he had before received from 
Venus. This Crown was called Gnofjia Corona, and 
Ariadne herfelf was furnamed GnoJJis , from the City of 
that Nafrie in Crete. After the Death of Ariadne , the 
fame was carried among the Stars, and made a Con- 
ltd I a ti on in the Heavens. It was thought that Diana 
caufed the Death of Ariadne , becaufe fhe preferved not 
her Virginity. 

P. What great Actions did Thefeus perform ? 

M. His Adiions were fo famous* that they account¬ 
ed him one of the Hercules's. For, I. He killed the 
Minotaitr. 2. He overcame the Centaurs. 3. He van-* 

quiflied the ’Thebans . 4. He defeated the Amazons. 

He went down into Hell; and returned back into tha 
World again; 

P. Why did he go down into Hell ? 

M. He and Piriihous , his moft intimate Friend, the 
lawful Son of Ixion v which he had by his Wife, agreed 
never to marry any Woman except Jupiter s Daugh¬ 
ters. Thefeus married Helena , the Daughter of Jupi¬ 
ter and Leda 9 and none of Jupiter's Daughters remain¬ 
ed on* Earth for Piriihous \ whcrefoie they both wpnt 
down into Hell tofteal Proferpine away from her Huf- 
band Pluto. As foon as they entered Hell, Pirithous 
was unfortunately torn in Pieces by the Dog Cerberus , 



yKgcum mare. 



b Propen. 1 . JLleg. 17. 

X 2 


3° 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

but ' Tbefeus came alive into the Palace of Pluto , who 
fettered him, and kept him till Hercules was fent into 
Hell by Eurijibeus to refcue him. 

P. And who were thofe Amazons that you mention¬ 
ed juft now ? 

M. They were Women animated with the Souls and 
Bravery of Men; a military Race inhabiting that Part 
of Scythia* which is walhed by the River Tana'ts, They 
were called Amazons , a either becaufe they cut off one 
of their Breafts, or b becaufe they lived together with¬ 
out the Society of Men. They were a Nation of Wo¬ 
men ; who, that the Country might have Inhabitants, 
and not be depopulated when the prefent Race of Wo¬ 
men died* admitted the Embraces of the neighbouring 
Men, and had Children by them: They killed the Boys 
at their Birth, but brought up the Girls: They cut off 
their right Breaft, that they might more conveniently 
ufe their Hands in fhooting their Arrows, and brandilh- 
ing their Weapons againft their Enemy. Thefe female 
Warriors, by their frequent Excurfions, became Pof- 
feffbrs of a great Part of Afia , when Hercules , accom¬ 
panied with Tbefeus , made War upon them, and de¬ 
feated them ; and, taking Hyppolyte their Queen Pri- 
foner* gave her in Marriage to The feus . 

1 Tbefeus had by Hippolyte his Son Hyppolytus , who was 
very beautiful, and mightily addi&ed to Hunting, and 
a remarkable Lover of Chajlity : For, when c Phadra> 
his Step-Mother (the Daughter of King Minos , whom 
Tbefeus had preferred to her Sifter Ariadne) folicited him 
to commit Wicltednefs, when he was grown a Man* 
he refufed to comply. This Repulfe provoked her fo 
much, that, when her Hufband returned, fhe accufcd 
him wrongfully, as if he had offered to ravifli her. 
Tbefeus gives Ear to this wicked Woman, and believes 
her Untruth againft his Son Hyppolytus , who perceiving 


< a privative & mamma, b Ab upu fimul & ( 
vivt:re. c Ovid, in Ep, Phaxlr, 


*4 


It, 


P3 .XXIV. 


7La<je.3PQ 


















































































Of the Gods of the Heathens . 309 

it, fled away in his Chariot. In his Flight he met fe- 
veral monftrous Sea-Calves, which frighted his Horfes 
fo that they threw him out of his Seat, his Feet were 
entangled in the Harnefs, and he was dragged through 
the Thickets of a Wood, and torn to Pieces miferably. 
JEfculapius afterwards, at the Requeft of Diana y re- 
ftored him to Life again. But he however left Greece , 
and came into Italy , where changing his Name, he 
called himfelf Virbius , a becaufe he had been a Man twice. 
Pbesdra was gnawn with the Stings of her own Con- 
fcience, and hanged herfelf. And, not long after, The- 
feus , being baniflhed from his Country, ended an illuf- 
trious Life with an obfeure Death. 



* <2uod vir bis eflet. 



CHAP. IV. 

Castor, and Pollux. 

P. \ "KT H O are thofe two handfome, beautiful, 
V V young Men that ride upon white Horfes ? 

M. They are Twin Brothers,. b the Sons of "Jupiter 
and Lida ; their Names are Gajior and Pollux . 

P. What Leda was that ? 

M. The Wife of Tyndarus King of Laconia , whom 
Jupiter loved, but could not fucceed in his Amour till 
ne changed himfelf into a Swan ; c which Swan was 
afterwards made a Conflellation. In this Form he 
gained the mutual Love of Leda , by the Svveetnefs of his 
Singing ; and flying into her Bofom, as it were, that he 
might fecure himfelf from the Violence of an Eagle, 
which purfued him, he enjoyed her, though flic was 
then big with Child by her Hufband. Leda brought 


Pind. in Pythag. 


Manil. i. Aflron 


x 3 


forth 


3 1 

forth two Eggs which were hatched, and produced th« 
Twin-Brothers which you fee. 

P . You mean, that one came out of one Egg, and 
the other out of the other Egg. 

No $ out of the Egg which Leda had conceived 
by '‘Jupiter , came Pollux and Helena , who fprang from 
divine Seed, and were therefore immortal. But out of 
the other, which Hie conceived by Tyndarus her Huf- 
band,* came Cajlor and Clytemnejlra , who were mortal, 
becaufe they were begotten by a mortal Father. Yet 
both Cajlor and Pollux are frequently called Tyndarida 
by the Poets, as Helena is alfo called Tyndaris , from the 
fame King Tyndarus 

P . What memorable Adfions did Cajlor and Pollux 
.do ? 

did They both accompanied Jafon , when he failed to 
Colchis ; and, when he returned from thence, recover¬ 
ed their Sifter Helena fromThefcus, who had ftolen her, 
by overcoming the Athenians that fought for him, to 
■whom their Clemency and Humanity was fo great af¬ 
ter the Defeat, that the Athenians called them b the Som 
of Jupiter ; from whence white Lambs were offered up¬ 
on their Altars. 

c But although they were born both at the fame 
Birth, and, as Tome think, out of the fame Egg, yet 
their Tempers were different, 

P. What End had they ? 

M . Cajlor , being (as fome fay) a mortal Perfon, was 
killed by Lynccus: Whereupon Pollux prayed to Jupi¬ 
ter to re (lore him to Life again, and confer an lnmiorta - 
lity upon him : But this could not be granted. PIow- 


o Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


n i Hor. Sat, b AiZcrxypoi, id eft, Jovis filii, Horn, in 
H y m n. 

c Cajlor gaudet eqais : Oajoprognccttis codcfn , 

Puguis : quot capitwn njinjuut^ tot idem in Jludioruw 

Millin. 

As many Men, fo many their Delights. 


ever 


? 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 311 

C\rer, be obtained Leave to divide his Immortality be¬ 
twixt himfelf and his Brother Cajior. And thence it 
came to pafs, a that they lived afterwards by Turns e- 
very other Day, or, as others fay, every other Fort¬ 
night. After the Death of Cajior , a Kind of Pyrthick y 
or Dance in Armour , was inftituted to his' Honour 5 
which was performed by young Men armed, and cal¬ 
led b Gajiod s Dance. 

At length they both were tranflated into the Hea¬ 
vens, and made a Conftellation, which is ftill called 
Gemini; and when one of them rifes, the other fets. 
Sailors efteem thefe Stars lucky and prosperous to fhem, 
c becaufe when the Argonauts were driven by a vio¬ 
lent Tempeft, two lambent Flames fettled upon the 
Heads of Cajior and Pollux , and a Calm immediately 
enfued \ and from thence a Virtue more than human 
was thought to be lodged in thefe Youths: But, if 
only one Flame appeared, they called it Flelena y and it 
was efteemed fatal and deftruflive to Mariners. 

There was a famous Temple dedicated to Cajior and 
Pollux in the Forum at Rome $ for it was believed, that, 
in the dangerous Battle of the Romans with the Latins , 
they aflilled the Romans , riding upon white Horfes. 

From hence came that Form of fwearing by 1 the 
Temple of Cajior , which Women only ufed, faying* 

1 JEcaJior , whereas, when Men fwore, they ufualiy 
fwore by tlercules , ufing the Words, c Hercule , HerdeJ 
Hercules , Mehcrcules , Mehercule . But both Men and 


a Sic fratrem Pollux altcrna morte red emit, 

Jtqne red it quo njiam. Virg. ^En. 6« 

Thus Pollux, offering his alternate Life, 

Could free his Brother. They did daily go 
By Turns aloft, by Turns defeend below. 
b Win. 1 . 7. c 5.7. ap. Nat. Com. c Hor 1 . 3. Carm. 
4 ^Ecallor, & A^dcpol, id eft, per redein Gallons & Poilucis. 
c Pa Him apud Terent. Plant, Gicer. &'c. 

X 4 


Wo- 


312 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Women fwore by the Temple of Pollux , ufing the 
Word /Edepol , an Oath common to them both. 

P. But what became of Clytetnnefira ? 

J\d . Clyte? 7 inejlra was married to Agamemnon % whom, 
.after his Return from the Siege of Troy, {he killed, by 
the Help of (with whom in the mean Time 

ihe lived in Adultery j.) (he attempted alfo to kill his 
Son Orejics , which {he had done, a if his Sifter Eleftra 
had not delivered him at the very Point of Deftrudtion, 
fending him privately to j Strophtus King of Phocis ; 
where after he had lived twelve Years, he had returned 
into his own Country, and flew both Glytemnejlra and 
JEgt/lhus. He killed alfo Pyrrhus in the. Temple of 
Apollo ; becaufe he had carried away Hermione , the 
Daughter, of Menehus , who was firft betrothed to 0 - 
rejles % Wherefore the Furies tormented him, neither 
could be obtain Deliverance from them, till he had 
expiated his Wickednefsat the Altar of Diana Taurica , 
whither; he was conduced by Pylades his Friend, his 
perpetual Companion, and his Partner in all his Dan¬ 
gers ; b whofe Friendfhip was fo clofe and facred, that 

either of them would die for the other. 

% 

P. Who was that Diana Taurica ? 

M. The Goddefs Diana , that was worfhipped in 
\Taurica Chcrfoncfus or Gherroncfus , a Peninfula fo called 
from th eTauriy an ancient People of Scythia Europaa . 
c This Goddefs was worihipped with hu?nan ViSlbns , 
the Lives and the Blood of Men were facrificed to 
her. When Orcjles came thither, Iphigenia his Sifter, 
the Daughter of Agamemnon , was Prieftefs to Diana 
Taurica j {lie was made Prieftefs on the following .Oc- 
cafion. 

Aganwnnon , King of the Argtvi , was, by the com¬ 
mon Confent of the Grecians , appointed General in 



a Sophocl. in Elc£h*. E.uripid. in Orcfl. 
amicitia. c Euripicl. in Jphig. in Taur. 


b Cicero de 

tli c i r 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 313 

-their Expedition againft Troy\ and, as I faid before, af¬ 
ter the War was ended, and 'Troy taken, was killed when 
he returned home by his own Wife Clytemnejira . This 
Agamemnon killed a Deer by Chace, in the Country of 
Aults, which belonged to Diana $ the Goddefs was an¬ 
gry, and caufed fuch a Calm, that for Want of Wind 
the Grecian Ships bound for Troy were fixed and im¬ 
moveable : Hereupon they confulted the Soothfayers, 
whoanfwered, a that they muft.fatisfy the Winds, and 
Dictna , with fome of the Blood of Agamemnon . Where¬ 
fore Vlyjfes was forthwith fent to bring away Iphigenia 
the Daughter of Agamemnon , from her Mother, by a 
Trick, under the Pretence of marrying her to Achilles * 
And whilft the young Lady ftood at the Altar to be fa- 
crificed, the Goddefs pitied her, and fubftituted a Hind 
in her Stead, and fent her into Taurica Cherfonefus ; 
where, by the Order of King Thyas , file prefided over 
thofe Sacrifices of the Goddefs, which were folemnized 
with human Blood . And, when Orefles was brought 
thither by the Inhabitants to be facrificed, he was 
known and preferved by his Sifter. After which Thyas 
was killed, and the Image of Diana , which lay hid a- 
mongft a Bundle of Sticks , was carried away ; and from 
hence Diana was called Fafcelts , from Fafcis , a Bundle . 

% 

a Eurip. in Jphig. in Taur. 

CHAP. V. 

Perseus. 

pErfeus was the Son of Jupiter , by Danae , the 
■ Daughter of Acrifws , b who was fhut by her 
Father in a very ftrong Tower, where no Man could 


b Paufan. in Corinth. 


come 



3*4 Q/' tbc Gods of the Heathens . 

come to her ; becaufe her Father had been told by 
an Oracle , that he (hould be killed by his own Grand- 
child. But nothing is impregnable to Love.: For, Ju¬ 
piter , by changing himfelf into a Shower of Gold , de¬ 
scended through the Tiles into the Lady’s Bofom, 
(and who would refufe to open it to a Shower of that 
Value?) and, when he had enjoyed her, he left her 
with a full' Pur-fe and a big Belly. a Horace tells the 
Story very ingenioufly. • 

As foon as Acrifius had heard that his Daughter had 
brought forth a Son, he. ordered that (he and the In¬ 
fant fhould be fhut up hi a Chcft, and thrown into the 
Sea, where a Fifherm^n found them, and took them 
out, and prefentcd them to King Pilumnus \ who mar¬ 
ried Danacy and brought up her Son, whom he called 
Per feus, 

PerfeuSy when he was a grown Man, received from 
Mercury z Scythe of Adamant, and Wings, which he 
fixed to his Feet: Pluto gave him a Helmet, and Mi¬ 
nerva a Shield of Brafs, fo bright, that it refle£ted the 
Images of Things, like a Looking-Glafs. 


a Inc!if ant Dana'tn turns ah cue a 
Robujlccque fores , & njigilum camwt 
Trifles excub'ue munierant fatis 
NoSiurnis ah adulter is : 

Si non Aerifium, rvirghiis abdifse * • • - 
Cuflodem pawidum , Jupiter & Venus 
Riflflbit: fore mini tutum iter & patens , 

Connjcrfo in pretium Deo. Hor. Carm. 1 . 3. 16, 

Within a brazen Tower immur’d, 

By Dogs and Centinels fecur’d, 

From "Midnight Itevels and Intrigues of Love, 

Fair Dcmae was kept within her Guardian’s Pow’r ; 
But gentle Venus frnil’d, and amorous Jove 
Knew he could foon unlock the Door, 

And by his Art fucccfsfui prove, 

Chang’d to a frolden Show’r. 

Firfl, 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 315 

Fir ft, he a delivered Andromeda , the Daughter of C<?- 
pbeusy King of Ethiopia , when fhe was bound by the 
Ny7X)phs to a Rock to be devoured by a Sea-Monfter, 
becaufe her Mother proudly preferred her Beauty to 
theirs : and when he had delivered her, he took her 
to Wife. After which both the Mother CaJJiope , or 
CaJJiopeia , and the Daughter, and the Son-in-Law, 
were placed amongft the CdeJUal Confidlation s. His 
next Expedition was againft the Gorgones , of whom we 
have fpoken before. Fie encountered with Medufa 9 
their Princefs ; Snakes fupplied the Place of Hair on 
her Head. He faw the Image of her Head by the 
Blightnefs of his Shield, and by the favourable Aflift- 
ance of Pallas ftruck it off; and afterwards fixed it upon 
a Shield, and, by fhe wing it, he afterwards turned ma¬ 
ny Perfons into Stone. Atlas was turned, by the Sight 
of it, into the Mountain in Mauritania of that Name; 
becaufe he rudely refufed to entertain Perfeus. When 
Medufa's Head was cut off, the Horfe Pegafus fprang 
from the Blood which was filed on the Ground : He is 
fo called from Tiny* \Pege\ a Fountain , b becaufe he was 
born near the Fountains of the Sea. This Horfe had 
Wings; and flying over the Mountain Helicon , he 
ffiuck it with his Hoof, and opened a Fountain, which 
they called in Greek Hippocrene ; and in Latin , Fons 
Caballinus ; that is, the Horfe-Fountain. But after¬ 
wards, while he drank at the Fountain Pyrene in Co~ 
rinthy where Bdlcrophon prepared himfelf for his Expe¬ 
dition againft the Chhnccra , he was by him taken and 
kept. 

Bellerophon's fir ft Name was Hipponous ; c becaufe 
he firft taught the Art of governing Horfcs with a Bri¬ 
dle. But when he had killed Bel Ur us , a King of Co- 
rintb , he was afterwards called Bdlerophontes . This 
Billetophon , the Son of Glaucus, King of Ephyra^ was 

i .. .. .. . . . i« —— , . . - - 

:i Propert. 1 . z. Plygin. de fignis cocleflibus, 1 . z. 

h Strabo, 1 . 8. c lta ditttis ab cquis fra;no regen dis. 

? equally 



316 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 

equally beautiful and virtuous ; he refilled all the Temp-* 
Cations whereby Sthenobaa , the Wife of Prat us > enti¬ 
ced him to commit Adultery; his Denial provoked her 
fic, that in Revenge (he accufed the innocent Stranger 
to her Hufband. Pratus , however* would not violate 
the Laws of Hofpitality with the Blood of Bellerophon ; 
-but fent him into Lycia , to his Father-in-Law Jobates^ 
with Letters, which defired him to punifh Bellerophon 
as his Crime defierved. fobates read the Letters, and 
fent him to fight againfi the Solymi , that he might be 
killed in Battle : But he eafily vanquilhed them, and 
in many other Dangers, to which he was expofed, he 
always came off Conqueror. At laft he was fent to 
kill the Chimara ; which he undertook, and perform¬ 
ed, when he had procured the Horfe Pegafus , by the 
Help of Neptune . a Wherefore Jobates admired the 
Bravery of the Youth, and gave him one of his Daugh¬ 
ters to Wife, allotting him alfo a Part of his Kingdom. 
Sthenobaa killed herfelf, when fhe heard this. This 
laappy Succefs fo tranfported Bellerophon , that he en¬ 
deavoured to fly upon Pegafus to Heaven; for which 

Z upitcr ftriking him with Madnefs, he fell from his 
orfe into a Field called Aldus Campus ; b becaufe in 
that Place Bellerophon wandered up and down blind, to 
the End of his Life : But Pegafus was placed among the 
Stars . Some fay that this was the Occafion of the Fable 
of the Cbrnara. There was a famous Pirate, who 
ufed to fail in a Ship in whofe Prow was painted a 
Lion, in the Stern a Dragon, and in the Body of the 
Ship a Goat deferibed; and this Pirate was killed by 
Bellerophon , in a Long-Boat that was called Pegafus . 
From the Letters which Bellerophon carried to fo- 
hateSy c comes the Proverb Bellerophon' s Letters ; when 
any one carries Letters, which he imagines are wrote 


a Hosneri Iliad. b Ab ’Afavw erro. c BiXtoitpotpofify* 
yp'4(j.[ACK]a, Bcllerojohontis Liter# > ufita tills tlifUc, Lit era XJria. 


m 













































































Of the Gods of the Heathens . 317 

in his Favour, when they fent to procure his Ruin, 
And fuch Letters are generally called. The Letters 0/ 
Uriah . 


CHAP. VI. 

JE SCULAPI US. 

H Y are you fo filent, Palaophilus P What 
VV employs your Thoughts fo long? 

P. I was obferving that a bearded old Man that 
leans upon his jointed Cane, and is adorned with a 
Crown of Laurel, and encompafled about with Dogs* 
Pray, Sir, tell me his Name, who he is and what are 
his Excellencies. 

M . It is JEfculapius , b the God of the Phyficians and 
Phyfick, and the Son of Apollo by the Nymph Coronis . 
He improved the Art of Phyfick, which was before 
little underflood ; and for that Reafon they accounted 
him a God. c Apollo fhot the Nymph his Mother 
when <he was with Child of him \ becaufe fhe admit¬ 
ted the Embraces of another young Man after he had 
enjoyed her. But he repented after he had killed her, 
and opened her Body, and took out the Child alive, 
and delivered him to be educated by the Phyfician Chi- 
ron , d who taught him his own Art: The Youth made 
fo great a Progrefs in it, that, becaufe he reftorec! Health 
to the Sick, and Safety to thofc whofc Condition was 
defperate, he was thought to have a Power of recalling 
the Dead to Life again. Whereupon Pluto^ the King 
of Hell, c complained to Jupiter very much that his 
Revenue was diminifhed, and his Subjefts taken from 
him by means of Mfculapius; and, at length, by his 


;i Lucian, in Jove Trag. u Cicero 2 leg. Corn. Cclfus. 
c Ilomcr in IJyinri. d Ovid, 1. Met. c Virg. 7. /iin. 

Per#- 



31B Of the Gods of the Heat bent. 

Perfuaflon Jupiter killed him with a Stroke of Thun* 
der. 

He wears a Crown of Laurel ; a becaufe that Tree 
is powerful in curing many Difeafes. By the Knots in 
his Staff is fignified the Difficulty of the Study of Pby- 
Jick . He hath Dogs painted about him, and Dogs in 
his Temple ; becaufe many believe that he was born 
of uncertain Parents, and expofed, and afterwards nou- 
rifhed by a Bitch. b Others fay, that a Goat, which 
was purfued by a Dog, gave Suck to the forfaken In¬ 
fant 5 and that the Shepherds faw a lambent Flame play¬ 
ing about his Head, which was the Prognoftication of 
his future Divinity. After that the Cyrcnians ufed to 
offer a Goat to him in the Sacrifices ; either becaufe 
he was nourifhed by a Goat, as was laid, c or becaufe 
a Goat is always in a Fever ; and therefore a Goafs 
Conflitution is very contrary to Health. a Plato fays, 
that they ufed to facrifice Dunghill-cocks to him, which 
is the mofl vigilant of all Birds $ for of all Virtues prin¬ 
cipally Wakefulnefs is necefiary to a Phyfician. 

P. Where was he particularly worfhipped ? 

Jkt. At Epidaurus c firft, where he was born: After¬ 
wards at Rome ; becaufe, when he was fent for thither, 
he delivered the City from a dreadful Peftilence. For 
Which Reafon f a Temple was dedicated to him in an 
Ifland in the Mouth of the Fibcr^ where he was wor¬ 
fhipped under the Form of a great Serpentj for, when 
the Romans came to Epidaurus to tranfport the God 
from thence, a great Serpent entered into the Ship: 
and they, believing it to be /Efculapius y brought it to 
Rome with them. Others tell the Story thus : When 
the Romans were received by the People of Epidaurus 
with all Kindnefs, and were carried into the Temple 


* Vide Fcftum. b Laflant. de falf. relig, Paufan. in 
Corinth* c Didym.l. 3. apndNat. (1 Com. In Phaxlone. 
* lav. 1 . 45. & 1 . io. Fieri Epitome 1 . 11. f Sueton. in 
Claud, c. 2 c. 

of 


Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 3 t 

ef ZEfculapius\ the Serpent, under whofe Image they 
worshipped that God, went voluntarily into the Ship 
of the Romans . 

I can tell you nothing of the Children of / Ufadaplus , 
except tHeir Names. He had two Sons called Adackaon 
and Podalirius , both famous Phyficians, who followed 
Agamemnon , the General of the Grecians , to the 'Trojan 
War, and were very ferviceable amongft the Soldiers, 
And two Daughters :i Hyg'uea or Sanitas (though fome 
think this was not his Daughter, but his Wife) and 
Jafo. 

P. Is there nothing remarkable concerning his 
Matter Chiron P 

M . Since you afk, I will tell you, that he was a 
Centaur , and the Son of Saturn , and Phyllyra ; for, when 
Saturn embraced that Nymph, he fuddenly changed 
himfelf into a Hcrfe, b becaufe his Wife Ops came in, 
Pbillyra was with Child by him, and brought forth a 
Creature, in its upper Parts like a Man, in its lower 
Parts like a Horfe, and called it Chiron ; who, when 
he grew up, betook himfelf into the Woods; and 
there learning the Virtue of Herbs, he became a moft 
excellent Phyfician : For his Skill in Phyfick, and for 
his other Virtues, which were many, he was appointed 
Tutor to Achilles , and taught ZEfcidapius Phyfick. At 
latt, when he handled Hercules ? s Arrows, one of them, 
dipped in the poifonous Blood of the Lcnuvan Hydra , 
fell upon his Foot, and gave him a Wound that was 
incurable, and Pains that were intolerable; infomuch 
that he defired to die, but could not; becaufe he wa3 
born of two Immortal Parents. Therefore at length 
the Gods tranflated him into the Fir?nament , vvheie he 
now remains ; for he became a Conftellation called 
Sagittarius , which is placed in the Zodiac. 



r 


a Hygi re a fignificat fanitatem, Sc Jafo 
fan arc. D ?. Virg. Georg. 1 . 3. 


derivntur ab 


C H A P. 


320 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 




CHAP. VII. 

% 

Prometheus. 

4 

\ 

jyRometbeus the Son of Japetus , a and the Father of 
Deucalion,- was the firft (as we find in Hiftory) 
that formed a Man out of Clay ; which he did with fuch' 
Art and Skill that Minerva was amazed,-and proffered 
to procure any thing from Heaven which would any 
ways compleat his Work. Prometheus anfwered, that 
he did not know what in Heaven would be ufeful to 
him, fince he had never feen Heaven. Therefore Mi- 
nerva carried him up to Heaven * and fhewed him all 
that there was to be feen. He obferved that the Heat 
of the Sun would be very'ufeful in animating the Man 
which he had formed ; wherefore he lighted a Stick 
by the Whsel of the Sun’s Chariot, and carried it light¬ 
ed with him to the Earth. This Theft difpleafed Ju¬ 
piter fo much, that he fent Pandora into the World to 
Prometheus with a Box that was filled with all Sorts 
of Evils. But Prometheus , fearing and fufpedting the 
Matter, refufed to accept it; but his Brother Epime- 
tbeus was not fo cautious: For he took it and opened 
it, and all the Evils that were in it flew abroad amongft 
Mankind. When he perceived what he had done, he 
immediately {hut the Box again, and by good Fortune 
hindered Hope from flying away, which ftuck to the 
Bottom of the Box. You may remember how Tweet 
ly b Horace fpeaks of this Theft of Prometheus . • 




a Vide Claud. Panegyr. de conf. Hon* 

b /)udax onmia perpeti 

bumana ruit per vetitum nrjhs. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens - 321 

Jupiter punifhed Prometheus in this Manner : He 
commanded Mercury a to hind him to the Mountain 
Caucafusy and then he fent an Eagle to him there, which 
continually gnawed his Liver, x et fome fay , b that he 
was not punifhed, becaufe he ftole Fire from Heaven* 
but becaufe he had made Woman, which, they fay, is 
| the moft pernicious Creature in the World, 
j To this Nicander adds another Fable. c When 
, Mankind had received the Fire of Prometheus , fome 
> ungratefully difeovered this Theft to Jupiter , who gave 
j them the Gift of perpetual Youth. They put this Gift 
i upon an Afs’s Back, that it might be brought to the 
| Earth. The Afs in his Journey was thirfty, and came 
[ to a Spring to drink; but a Water-Serpent would not 
| fufFer him, unlefs the Afs- would give him the Burden 
l which he carried: The Afs gave it him ; and hence it 
I comes to pafs, that, when the Serpent is old, he cafts 
| his Skin, and feems to grow young again. 
t Prometheus had been ferviceable to Jupiter (for he 
difeovered to. Jupiter his Father Saturn’s Confpiracy, 
and prevented the Marriage of Jupiter and Thetis 7 

I * . 


And ax lapeti genus 
Ignetnfretude mala gent thus intulit ; 

Poji ignem eetberca domo 
Subdufhwi, macics & ?iO'Va febrium 
Terris hicubuit cohors : - 
Senwtique prius tarda necejjitas 

Lethi corripuit gradum. Hof. Carm. 1. i t 

No Pow’r the Pride of Mortals can controul: 

Prone to new Crimes, by llrong Prefumption clriv’n 
With facrilegious Hands Pro?nttheas Hole 
Ccleftial Fire, and bore it down from Heaven; 

The fatal Prefen t brought on mortal Race 
An Army of Difcafes ; Death began 
With Vigour then to mend his halting Pace* 

And found a moll compendious Way to Man. 

1 Hefiod. in Theogon. b Menander Poeta. hi Theocr. 

Y which 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


which he forefaw would-be fatal; wherefore Jupiter 
fuffered Hercules to {hoot the Eagle, and fet Prometheus 
at Liberty .n 

This perhaps is the Meaning of this Fable,: -Prome¬ 
theus (whofe Name ia derived a from a Word denoting 
Forefight and Providence) was a very prudent Perfon : 
And becaufe .he. reduced. the Men that were before rude 
and favage to the Precepts of Humanity* he was feign¬ 
ed from thence to have made Men out. of the Dirt And 
becaufe he was diligent in obferving the Motions of the 
Stars from the Mountain Caucafus , therefore they faid 
that he was chained there. - To which they added, that 
he flole Fire from the Gods , becaufe he invented the Way 
of ftriking Fire out of the Flint; or was the firft that 
difeovered the Nature of Lightning . And laftly, becaufe 
he applied his Mind to his Study with great Care and 
Solicitude* b therefore they imagined an Eagle preying 
•upon his Liver continually. 

P . You faid juft now, that he was the Son of Deu¬ 
calion ; did you mean him who repaired the Race of 
Mankind, which was almoft extindl ? 

M. Yes, I mean the fame Deucalion. When he 
reigned in Theffaly there was fo great a Deluge, that 
the whole Earth was overflowed by it, and all Mankind 
entirely deftroyed, excepting only Deucalion and Pyrrho 
his Wife. Thofe two were carried in a Ship upon the 
Mountain Parnajfus ; and when the Waters were aba¬ 
ted, they confulted the Oracle'of Themis, to know by 
what Means Mankind fhould again be reftored. The 
Oracle anfwered* that Mankind would be reftored. If 
they ccijl the Bones of their Great Mother behind, them. By 
Magna Mater the Orach meant the Earth , and by her 
Bones, the Stones: Wherefore calling the Stones be* 



9 

a 'Avrb v?postilac, icl eft, Providentxa, Paufaxn in Eliac. 

ApoL 1. 3 . 

hind 


1 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



hind their Back, a prodigious Miracle enfued; a for 
thofe Stones that were thrown by Deucalion became 
Men, and thofe that were thrown by Pyrrha became 
Women. The Occafioh of which Fable was this : 
Deucalion and his Wife were very pious, arid by the 
Example of their Lives, and the SaridUty of their Mari¬ 
ners, they foftened the Men and Women, who before 
Were fierce and hard like Stones, into fuch Gentlenefs 
and Mildnefs, that they obferved the Rules of civil So¬ 
ciety and good Behaviour. 



MiJJa *viri ?na7iibus faciem traxere njirorum : ■ 

Et tie fcemineo reparata ejl fcemina jaSlu, 

bide genus durum futntis 9 — - -- - 

Et document a damns quaJi?nus origive nati. Ov. Met. 1. 
--- And. of the Stones 


Thofe thrown by Men the Form of Man endue ; 
And thofe were Women which the Woman threw 


Hence we a hardy Racei iiitrPd to Pk'irf;' 
Our Adtions our Original explain. 






CHAP. VIII. 

Atlas. 

is he that fuffains the Heavens upon 
W .his Shoulders ? 

M. It J s Atlas , King of Mauritania , the Son of 
Japetus, and Brother of Prometheus ; who was fore¬ 
warned by an Oracle, that he fhould be aim oft ruined 
by one of the Sons of Jupiter , and therefore rofolved to 
give Entertainment to no Stranger at all. At laft Per - 
ji'its (who was begotten by Jupiter) travelled by Chance 
through Atlas's Dominions, and defigned, in Civility, 
to vifit him. But the King excluded him the Court, 

Y 2 which 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


which Inhumanity provoked him To much, that putting 
his Shield which he carried with him before the Eyes of 
Atlas , and {hewing him the Head of Medufa , he turned 
him into the Mountain of his own Name $ which is of 
fo great Height, that it is believed to touch the a Hea¬ 
vens. Virgil makes mention of him b in the Fourth 
Book of his /.Eneids . 

The Reafon why the Poets feigned that Atlas fuf- 
tained the Heavens on his Shoulders* was this : Atlai 
was a very famous Aftronomer, and the firft Perfon 
that underftood and taught the Dodtrineof the Sphere; 
and on the fame Account the Poet tells us, that his 
Daughters were turned into Stars. 

P. How many Daughters had he, and what were 
their Names ? 

M. By his Wife Pleionc c he had feven Daughters, 
whofe Names were Eleftra , Haley one 0 Celcsno , Mata , 
AJlerope , Taygete , and 'Merope^ and were called by one 
common Name, Pleiades: And by his Wife /Ethra , d 
he had feven other Daughters, and their Names were 
Ambrofia , Endora y Pafttbeo , Coronis , Plex arts , Pytbo i 
and Tyche. • Thefe were called by one common Name, 
Hyades . 


a Herodotus in Melpomene. 

h - Ja?nque solans apicem 1$ latcra arduct ccmit 

Atlantis duri , cailumque <vertice fidcit: 

Atlantis cinftum ajjidue cut nubibus atris 
Piniferum caput , & wento pulfatur £9* imlri : 

Nix bwncros inf if a teg it ; turn Jhimina inento 
Precipitant finis, dff glacie riget borrida barba. 

Now fees the Top of Atlas , as he flics, 

Whofe brawny I3nck fupports the Harry Skies : 

Atlas , whole Head, with Piny Forefts crown’d, 

Is beaten by the Winds, with foggy Vapours bound ; 
Snows hide his Shoulders ; from beneath his Chin 
The Founts of rolling Streams their Race begin. * 
r Ovid. Faftorum c. d Aratusin Aflron, 

P. Why 


/ 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 325 

P. Why were thefe latter Daughters called Hyades P 

M ’. From 3 a Word which in the Greek Language 
fignifies to rain ,' becaufe, when they rife or fet, they 
caufe great Rain ; and therefore the Latins called them 
b Sucttlcs (that is. Swine) becaufe the continual Rain, 
that they caufe, makes the Road fo muddy, that they 
feem to delight in Dirt, like Swine. c Others derive 
their Names from Hyas their Brother, who was devour¬ 
ed by a Lion: His Sifters were fo immoderately afflict¬ 
ed and grieved at his Death, that Jupiter in Compafflon 
changed them into feven Stars, which appear in the 
Head of Taurus . And they are juftly called Hyades , 
d becaufe Showers of Tears flow from their Eyes to 
this Day. 

P . Why were the Daughters firft mentioned called 
Pleiades ? 

M . Their Name is derived from a Greek Word fig— 
nifying c Sailing . For, when thefe Stars , arif^, they 
portend good Weather to Navigators. Becaufe they 
rife in f the Spring-time, the Romans call them Vergt - 
lies: Although others think that they are called Pleia - 
des s from their Number , becaufe they never appear An¬ 
gle, but alltogether, except Merope> who is fcarce ever 
feen, for (he is afhamed - that fhe married Sifypbus, a 
mortal Man, when all the reft of the Sifters married 
Gods. h Others call this obfcure Star Elcftra, becaufe 
flic held her Hand before her Eyes, and would not look 
upon the Deftru&ionof Troy, yss'the Hyades were placed 


* 'Ano tu v '«»■, id ell, pluerc. 

Navita quas Hyades Grains ab itub re njocat. 

From Rain die Sailors call them Hyades . 
b Suculm, quemadmodum eas Gnuci vocant vz;, id ell, 
fties. Aiilus Gcll. 1. 13 . c. 9 . c Euripid.in Jove. * l He- 
ftodus in Theog. c ’Attotu a navigatido ; commo- 

dum cnim tejnpus navigaiioni ollendnnt. f Virgilue d i Si re 
a verno tempore quoexoriuntur. •*’> <^uaft ojXrUwc, hoc ell, 
plure.s, quod minquam lingula: apparent, fed omnes fun ul, 
h Ovid, Fag, 4. 


Y 


3 


among 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


among the Stars, becaufe they bewailed immoderately 
the Death of their Brother fly as , fo the Pleiades were 
tranflated into Heaven, becaufe they inceffantly la¬ 
mented the hard Fate of their Father Atlas , who was 
converted into a Mountain. But let us fpeak a little 
about their TJncle Hefperus. 

Hefperus was the Brother of Atlas> and, becaufe he 
lived fome Time in Italy , that Country was called an¬ 
ciently Hefperia from him. He frequently went up to 
the Top of the Mountain Atlas to view the Stars : At 
lafthe went up and came down from the Mountain no 
more. This made the People imagine that he was car- 
lied up into Heaven, whereupon they worfhipped him 
as a God ; and called a very bright Star from his 
Name Hefperus , Hcfper , Hefperugo , Vefper , and Vefperu - 
go , which is called the Evening Star, which fets after 
the Sun: But, whenitrifes before the Sun, it is called 


<paa<p6p&', [P bojphorus] or Lucifer; that is the Morn¬ 
ing Star. Farther, this Hefperus had three Daughters, 
Egle , Prethufa , and Hefpcretbufa ; who, in general, 
were called the Hefperides. And it was faid, that, in 
their Gardens, Trees were planted that bore golden 
Fruit : Thefe Trees were guarded by a watchful Dra¬ 
gon, which Hercules killed, and carried away the gol¬ 
den Apples. Hence the Phrafe, a To give fomc of the 
Apples of the Hefperides, that is, to give a great and 
fplendid Gift, 


3 'HyTr^pWi' chep/lrai, id eft, mala Kcfperidum largiri. 


C II A P 

* 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


3 2 7 



C H A P. IX. 

4 M • • 

o rpheus and Amphi.cn, 

Y OU'fee thefe two are drawn in the fame Manner* 
and almoft in the fame Colours, becaufe they 
both excelled in the fame Art, namely, in Mufick; in 
which they were fo fkilful, that by playing on the Harp 
they moved not only Men, but Beads, and the very 
Stones themfelves. 

Orpheus, the Son of Apollo, by Calliope the Mufe, with . 
the Harp that he received from his Father played and 
fang fo'fweetly, 4 that he tamed wild Beads, flayed the 
Courfe of Rivers, and made whole Woods follow him. 
a He defcended with the fame Harp into Hetty to re¬ 
cover from Pluto and Proferpine his Wife Eurydice, who 
had been killed by a Serpent, when (he fled from the 
Violence of Arijleus. And here he fo charmed both the 
King and Queen with the Sweetnefs of his Mufick, 
that they permitted his Wife to return to Life again 
upon this Condition, that he fhould not look up¬ 
on her till they were both arrived upon the Earth : 
But fo impatient and eager was the Love of Orpheus , 
that he could not perform the Condition : Wherefore 
fhe was taken back into -Hell again. Hereupon Orpheus 
rcfolved for the future to live a Widower \ and with 
his Example alienated the Minds of many others from 
the Love of Women. This fo provoked the Mamades 
and Baccha, that they tore him in Pieces : Though o- 
thers aflign another Reafon of his Death, which is this ; 
the Women, by the Inftigation of Venus, were fo in¬ 
flamed with the Love of him, that driving to run into 
his Embraces, and quarclling with one another, which 
fhould have him, they tore him in Pieces. His Bones 


* A noli. 1. i. Argo. 

Y 4 


were 



328 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


•were afterwards gathered by the Mufes y and repofedin 
a Sepulchre, not without Tears 5 and this Harp was 
made the Con {legation of Lyra . 

Amphion was'the Son of Jupiter by Antiope, He re¬ 
ceived his Lute and Harp from Mercury \ and a with the 
Sound thereof moved the Stones fo regqlarly, that they 
cornpofed the Walls of the City of Thebe* r. 

The Occafionof which Fable was this : Orpheus and 
Amphion were both Men fo eloquent, that they perfua- 
ded them who lived a wild and favage Life before to 
embrace the Rules and Manners of civil Society. 

Arion is a proper Companion for thefe two Mujicians \ 
and I admire that his Image is not in this Place. For 
he was a Lyrick Poet of Methymna in the Illand of Lef- 
bos , and gained immenfe Riches by his Art, : b When 
he was travelling from Lejbos into Jtaly> his Compani¬ 
ons attempted to rob him of his Wealth. But hay¬ 
ing intreated the Seamen to fuffer him to play on his 
Harp before they cafl him into the Sea, c he played fo 
fweetly that, when he had caft himfelfinto the Sea, a 
Dolphin , drawn thither by the Sweetnefs of his Mufick, 
received him on his Back , i] and carried him to Teredos, 
The Dolphin for his Kindnefs was carried into Heaven 
and made a Conftellalion. 


a Didius & Amphion , Thebans co7iditor urbis , 

Sax a tnonjsre fono teftudinis, & prccc bland a 

Duccre quo <vcllct. . Hor. de Arte Poet, 

Amphion too, as a Story goes, could.call 

Obedient Stones to make the Theban Wall. 

■ « i 

He led them as he pleas’d ; The Rocks obey’d 
And danc’d in Order to the Tunes he play’d. 
h Pauf. in Bccotic. c Ilcrod. in Clio. 

,l lUe Jedct , citbarr.niqufi tenet , prctiwnquc njcbcndi 
Cantata IA a:quo re as carmine ?mdcct aquas . Ov.T’afl. 2, 

He on his crouching Back fits all at Kale, i 

With Harp in Hand, by which he calms the Seas, 
And lor his Pafthge with a Song he pays* 3 

chap, 



, Of the Gods of the Heathens. 329 

* 

i 

4 

C II A P. X. 

k 

* 1 

Achilles. 

* I % • 

jChillcs was the Son of Peleus by 'Thetis. His Mo- 
ther plunged him in the Stygian Waters when he 
was an Infant; which made his whole Body ever after 
invulnerable, excepting that Part of his Foot by which 
he was held when he was wafhed. Others fay, that 
Tbetis hid him in the Night under a Fire, a after fhe had 
anointed him in the Day with Ainbrojia; whence at firft 
he was called Pyrifous , becaufe he elcaped fafefrom the 
Fire ; and afterwards Achilles , b becaufe he had but one 
Lip, for he licked the Amhrofia from his other Lip, fo 
that the Fire had Power to burn it off. Others again 
report, c that he was brought up by Chiron the Centaur ; 
and fed, inffead of Milk, with the Entrails of Liofts, 
and the Marrow of Boars and Bears ; fo that by that 
Means he received immenfe Greatnefs of Soul, and 
mighty Strength of Body. From him thofe, who 
greatly excelled in Strength, were called Achilles \ d and 
an Argument is called Achilleum , when no Objection 
can weaken or difprove it. 

Thetis , his Mother, had heard from an Oracle, that 
he fhould be killed in the Expedition againft Troy. On 
the other Hand, Ccdchas the Diviner had declared, that 
Troy could not be taken without him. 13y the Cun¬ 
ning of Ulyffes he was forced to go: For when his Mo¬ 
ther Thetis hid him in a Boarding-School (in Gynecao) in 
the Ifland Scyros (one of the Cyclades) in the Habit of 
a Virgin, among the Daughters of King Lycomedcs M 
Ulyffes difeovered the Trick: For, he went thither iri 


a A poll. 4. Argon. h Ab a priv, & Iabrum ; 

quad line labro. c Apoll. 1 . 3. Eurip. in Iphig. {! Cell. 

1. 2. c. 11. 

4 % 


the 





Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


the Difguife of a Merchant, and brought with him fe¬ 
vers] Goods to fell: The King’s Daughters, as is the 
Temper of Women, began to view and handle curi- 
oufly the Bracelets, the GlafTes, the Necklaces, and 
fitch-like Women’s Ornaments. But Achilles , on the 
contrary, laid hold of the Targets, and fitted the Hel¬ 
mets to his Head, and brandifhed the Swords arid pla¬ 
ced them to his Side. Thus TJlyJfes plainly difeovered 
Achilles from the Virgins, and compelled him to go to 
the War, after that Vulcan , by Thetis's Intreaty, had 
given him impenetrable Armour. Achilles at Troy kil¬ 
led Hettor the Son of Priamus, and was killed himfeif 
by Paris , by a Trick of Polyxena . 

a And all the Nymphs and Mufes are faid to have 
lamented his Death. 

This Polyxena was the Daughter of Priamus King 
of Troy i a Virgin of extraordinary Beauty ; Achilles , 
by Chance, fa \v her upon the Walls of the City, and 
fell in Love with her, and defired her to marry her; Pri- 
crnns confented : They met in the Temple of Apollo to 
folemnize the Marriage; where Paris , the Brother of 
Me£lor y coming in privately, and lurking behind Apol¬ 
lo's Image, fhot Achilles fuddenly with an Arrow, in 
that Part of his Foot in which only he was vulnerable. 
After this Troy was taken, and the Ghoft of Achilles 
demanded Satisfaction for the Murder, and the Gre¬ 
cians appealed him by offering the Blood of Polyxena . 



■ i 

* Lycophrop. in Alcxand, 


c r-i a p< 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


331 


CHAP. XI. 

• A 

Ulysses, 

j fLyJJes was fo named, becaufe when his Mother 
'LS was travelling, as Tome fay, in thelfland of Ithaca , 
as others fay, Bceotia , fhe fell down on the a Road, and 
brought him into the World. He was the Son of 
Laertes and Anticlead His Wife was Penelope , a Lady 
highly famed for her Prudence and Virtue. He was 
unwilling that the Trojati War fhould part him and his 
dear Wife; wherefore, to avoid the Expedition, he pre¬ 
tended to be mad, joining different Beafts to the fame 
Plough, and fowing the Furrows with Salt. But this 
Pretence was detedfed by Pa/amedes, who threw his In¬ 
fant Son into the Furrow, whilft Ulyjps was ploughing, 
to fee whether Ulyjfes would fuffer the Plough-fhare to 
wound him or no. When he came where his Son lay, 
he turned the Plough another Way, for fear left he 
jfhould hurt him : And from hence he difeovered that 
he was not a Madman, and compelled him to go to the 
War, where he was mightily ferviceable to the Grecians ; 
for he was almoft the foie Occahon of taking the Town, 
fmee he removed the fatal Obftacles which hindered it 
from being taken. For he brought Achilles (as I faid) 
to the War, out of his Retreat. He obtained the Ar¬ 
rows of Hercules from PhlloJ?etes 0 and brought them a- 
gainft ‘ Troy . He brought away the Afhes of Laomcdon y 
which were prefer ved upon the Gate Sc a: a in Troy. He 
hole the Palladium from the fame City. He killed 
Rhcefus , King of ! Thrace , and took his Horfcs, before 
they had taken the Water of the River Xanthus . In 
which Things the Deftiny of Troy was wrapped up. 


a Grasce ’Ok/.V, ab via; quod in ipsa via ejus ma¬ 
ter iter facicns lapfa ilium peperit. Vide Nat. Com. & Ho¬ 
mer urn in Ody/T. 

For, 


332 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

For, if the "Trojans had preferved them, the Town could 
never have been conquered. 

Afterwards he*contended with Ajax (the Son of Te- 
lamon and Hefionc , who was the ftoutelt of all the Gre - 
clans except Achilles ) before Judges, for the Arms of 
Achilles . The Judges were perfuaded by the Eloquence 
of UlyJJes , and gave Sentence in his Favour, and afBgn- 
ed the Arms to him. This Difappointment .made A - 
jax mad, whereupon he killed himfelf and his Blood 
was turned into the Violet . 

When UlyJJes departed from Troy to return Home, 
he failed backwards and forwards twenty Years; for 
contrary Winds and ill Weather hindered him from 
coming Home. In which Time, i. He put out the 
Eye of Polyphemus with a Fire-brand ; and failing from 
thence to /ilolla , he obtained, from fEolus all the Winds 
which were contrary tohim,and put them into leathern 
Bags. H ; s Companions believing that the Bags were 
filled with Money, and not with Wind, intended to 
rob him ; wherefore, when they came almoft to Ithaca , 
they untied the Bags, and the Wind gufhed out, and 
blew him back to 1Eolia again. 2 . "When Circe had 
turned his Companions into Beads, he firft fortified 
himfelf againfl: her Charms with the Antidote that 
Mercury had given him, and then ran into her Cave 
with his Sword drawn, and forced her to reftorc his 
Companions their former Shapes again. After which 
Circe and he were reconciled, and he had by her Tele - 
givms* 3 . He went down into Hell, to know his fu¬ 
ture Foitune from the Prophet Tireftas .' 4 . When 
he failed to the Iflands of the Syrens , he (lopped tl|e 
Ears of his Companions, and bound himfelf with flrong 
Ropes to the Ship’s Maft ; whereby he avoided the dan¬ 
gerous Snares into which, by their charming Voice, 
they led Men. And laflly, after his Ship was broken 
and wrecked by the Waves, he efcapcd by fwimming, 
and came naked and alone to the Port of Phtcacla , 
where Naufuau % the Daughter of King / V:\nous , found 



Of the Gods of the He Athens. 333 

him hid among the young Trees, and entertained him 
civilly ; and when his Companions were found, and 
the Ship refitted, he was fent afleep into Ithaca , where 
Pallas awaked him, and adviTed him to put on the 
Habit of a Beggar. Then he went to his Neat-herds, 
where he found his Son Telemachus ; and from thence 
he went Home in a Difguife. Where,, after he had 
received feveral Affronts from the Wooers of Pate- 
lope, by the Affiftance of the Neat-herds, and his 
Son, to whom he difeovered himfelf, he fet upon 
them, and killed them every one ; and then received 
his Penelope • 

Penelope , the Daughter of Teams , was a rare and 
perfect Example of Chaflity. For, though it was 
generally thought that her Hufband UlyJJcs was dead, 
fince he had been abfent from her twenty Years ; 
neither the Defires of her Parents, nor the Sollicita- 
tions of her Lovers,*could prevail with her to marry 
another Man, and to violate the Promifes of Con- 
ftancy, which fhe gave to her Hufband when he de¬ 
parted. For, when many Noblemen courted her, 
and even threatened her with Ruin unlefs fhe declared 
which of them fhould marry her, {be defired that the 
Choice might be deferred till fhe had finifhed that 
Needle-work about which fhe was then employed ; 
But, undoing by Night what fhe had worked by Day, 
Ihe delayed them till UlyJJes returned and killed them 
all. Hence came the Proverb a to weave Penelope’s 
Web 5 that is, to labour in vain, w hen one Hand de- 
ftroys what the other has wrought. 

. —. -» — —- . . ■ —. — ■ — 

3 Penelope's telam uxor, id eft, inanem oporarn fuinere. 

Vi 4* Eraftn. A dag. 


CHAP. 



334 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 

CHAP. XII. 

Orion. 


P. 


w 


HAT was the Birth of Orion ? 

M. Modefty will hardly let me tell you: 
However 1 will conceal nothing from you. They fay 
that he was born from the Urine of Jupiter 7 Neptune^ 
and Mercury : For when they travelled together, they 
were benighted, and forced to lodge in a poor Man’s 
Cottage, whofe Name was Hircus. He entertained 
them handfomely as the Meannefs of his Condition 
would fuffer, Their Entertainment pleafed them fo, 
that they promifed to grant whatever he afked. He faid, 
that he promifed his Wife, when fhe died, never to 
marry again, and yet, that he extremely defiredto have 
a Son, This pious Defire pleafed the Gods, and they 
confer; ted to his Requeft, and moiftened the Hide of an 
Ox (with which they were entertained) with their Urine , 
commanding him to bury it ten Months : After which 
he digged it up, and found in it a new-born .Child* 
which, from this Occafion, he called Urion , or Orion ♦ 
Orion i when young, was a conftant Companion of 
Diana : But becanfe his Love to the Goddefs exceeded 
the Bounds of Modefty, or becaufe as fome fay, he 
extolled the Strength of his own Body very indecently, 
and boafted that he could out-run and fubdue the wild- 
eft and fierceft Beads, his Arrogance grievoufly dif- 
pleafed the Earth y wherefore (he font a Scorpion* which 
killed him. Fie was afterwards carried to the Heavens, 
and there made a Conjiellation ; which is thought to 
predi£l foul Weather when it does not appear, and fair 
when it is vifible; whence the Poets call him a tempef- 
tuous or Jiormy Orion. 


a Nimbofns Orion. Virg. Ain. nam IpWto lignificat/wfo 
monjco, u a do e ti am ipfe nomen fump fifth a nonnullisjudicatur. 

CHAP. 


1»I.XXVX 




























































































335 


♦ 

Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


CHAP. XIII. 

» 

Osiris* Apts, and Sekapts. 

H E S E are the three different Names of one 
A - and the fame God, therefore they are not to 
be feparated in our Difcourfe. 

OJir 'ts was the Son of Jupiter , by Nfobe , the Daugh¬ 
ter of -Phorcneus. He was King of the Argives many 
Years : But he was ftirred up, by the Defire of Glory, 
to leave his Kingdom to his Brother /.Egialus j where¬ 
fore he failed into Egypt , to feek a new Name, and new 
Kingdoms there. The Egyptians were not fo much 
overcome by his Arms, as obliged to him by his Cour- 
tefies and great Kindnefstowards them.. After which 
he married lo 0 the Daughter of Inachus , whom Jupiter 
formerly turned into a Cow, as we faid above : But, 
when by her Diffraction fhe was driven into Egypt<, her 
former Shape was again reftored, and fhe married Qftris ., 
and injlruffed the Egyptians in Letters : Wherefore, 
both fhe and her Hufband attained to divine Honours, 
and were thought immortal by that People. But OJiris 
fhewed that he was mortal 5 for he was killed by his 
Brother T’yphon. lo (afterwards called IJis) fought him 
a great while 5 and when fhe had found him at laft in a 
Cheft, fhe laid him in a Monument in an Ifland near to 
Memphis , which Ifland is encompafTcd by that fad and 
fatal Lake, the Styx. . And becaufe when fhe fought him 
file had ufecl Dogs, who by their excellent Vertue of 
Smelling might chfcover where he was hid, thence the 
ancient Cuftom came, a that Dogs went fir ft in an 
atmiverfary Proceffion in Honour of IJis. And the 
People carefully and religioufly worfhipped a God with 


l ' Ex. Gyr. Syntagm. 9 . 


a Dop’s 



Of the Gods of the Heathens * 

a Dog’s Plead, called Anubis \ which God the Poets 
commonly call, a Barker? a God half a Dog? a Dog half 
a h Man. He is alfo called c Hermanuhis ; becaufe 
his Sagacity is fo great, that fome think; him to be 
the fame with Mercury • But let us return to Ofirh 
and Ifis. 

After the Body of Ofir is was interred, there ap¬ 
peared to the Egyptians a (lately beautiful Ox: The 
Egyptians thought that it was Ofir is? wherefore they 
worfhipped it, and called it Apis* which in the Egyp* 
iian Language fignifies an Ox. But becaufe his Body, 
after his Death, was found (hut up in a d Cbcfi? he was 
afterwards from thence called Sorapis; and by the 
Change of a Letter, Serapis*? as we (hall fee more clear¬ 
ly and particularly by and by, wheh I have obferved 
what Plutarch fays, that OJiris was thought to be the 
Sun. His Name comes from Os? which in the Egyp¬ 
tian Language fignifies much? and Iris an Eye•? and his 
Image was a Sceptre , in the Top of which was placed 
an Eye. So that Oftris fignifies the fame as 
[ Polyophthalmos ] jnany-eyed? which agrees very well to 
the Sun? who feems to have fo many Eyes as he hath 
Rays, by which he fees, and makes all Things vifible. 

Some fay that Ifis is Pallas? others Terra? others 
Ceres? and many the Moon ; for (he is painted fome- 
times c horned, as the Moon appears in the Increafej 
and wears black Garments, becaufe the Moon (bines in 
the Night. In her Right-hand (he held a Cymbal, and 
in her Left a Bucket. Her Head was crowned with the 

• r 




a Latratoreni, femicanem Deum, Virg. ^En. 8 . b Semi- 
hominem canem. Ovid. Mctam. 9 . Lucan, feduli. c Plut. 
in Ofiridc. Serv. in JEx\. 8. d Zopo? iignificat arcam, in 
qua invcntum eft illius corpus inclufum. c K^aofpo^, id 
til, comigera afiingebatur, ad Lance crefcends fimUitudi- 
nem, & !>/.£>.;, nigris veitibus induta, qudd luna lu¬ 

cent in tenebris. Vide Servilim. 8 . 


Feathers 


V 

Of the Gods of the Heathens . 



Feathers of a Vulture ; for, among the Egyptians, that 
Bird is facred to Juno - y and therefore they adorned the 
Tops of their Porches with the Feathers of a Vulture • 
The Priefts of lfis , called after her own Name Ijiaci , 
a abftained from the Flefh of Swine and Sheep ; they 
ufed no b Salt ■ to their Meat, left they fhould violate 
their Chaftity. c .They fhaved their Heads , d they 
wore Paper Shoes , and a ^ Li?ien Vejl , becaufe lfis firft 
taught the Ufe of Flax ; from whence fhe is called f - 
L'migera , and alfo * Inacbis, from hiathus , her Father* 
By the Name of lfis is ufually underftood Wifdom . 
And accordingly, h upon the Pavement ofthe Temple, 
there was this Infcription ; I am every Thing that hath 
been , and is, and Jhall be, nor hath any Mortal opened my 

Veil. 

% 

By the Means of this lfis , 1 Iphis , a young Virgin 
of Crete, the Daughter of Lygdus and Teleihufa , was 
changed into a Man. For when Lygdus went a jour¬ 
ney he commanded his Wife, who was then big with 
Child, if (lie brought a Daughter, that fhe fhould not 
educate her, but leave her. expofed in the Fields to 
perifh by Want. Teleihufa. brought forth, indeed, a 
Daughter, but was very unwilling to lofe her Child ; 
therefore fhe drefied it in a Boy’s Habit, and called it 
Iphis , which is a common Name to Boys and Girls* 
The Father returned from his Journey, and believed 
both his Wife and his Daughter, who perfonated a 
Son : And, as.foon as fhe was marriageable, her Fa¬ 
ther, who ftill thought that fhe was a Man, married 




a iElian. lib. de. anim. Hcrodot. 1 . 2. 
c. 10. c Coel. Rhodigin. 5. c. 12. 


b Plut. fyrpp. 5. 
d Herodot. 1 .x. 
f Ovid, de Ponto El. 1. e Pro- 


c Claud. 4. Hon. conf. 

pert. 1, 1 . & 2. ’Eyw tl[M wav to ytyovo <; 9 iv 9 k} £p 6 [Mvo v ; 

Kj to sfj/iv irtzahov t u>v Suqtwv asir$x.a,?\v i tytv» Eg'O film quic- 

quicl fuit, elf, erit; nec mcnm quifquam mortniium Peplum 
vetexit. Plut. in Hide. 1 Ovid. Mctam. 1. 9 . 




33 

her to the beautiful Ianthe . They went to the Temple 
to celebrate the Marriage. The Mother was mightily 
concerned $ and, as they were going, file begged the 
favourable Atfiftance of Jfis , who heard her Prayer?, 
and changed the Virgin Iphis into a moft beautiful 
young Man. Now let us come to Serapis and Apis 

agai n« 

Though Serapis , of vvhofe Name we gave the Ely 
mology before, was the God of the Egyptians , yet he was 
worfhipped at Greece , a and efpecially at Athens , b and 
alfo at Rome . Amongft different Nations he had dif¬ 
ferent Names ; for he was called fometimes c Jupiter 
Ammon , fometimes Pluto , Bacchus , AEfculapius , and 
fometimes Ofir is. His Name was reckoned abomina¬ 
ble by the Grecians \ rl for all Names of feven Letters, 
*je •Aluy&wuA* [ Hcptagrammata’] are by them efleemed 
infamous. Some fay, that Ptolemy , the Son ofZtfgw, 
procured the Effigies of him at Pontus , from the King 
of Sinope, and dedicated a magnificent Temple to him 
at Alexandria . Eufebius calls him the c Prince of Evil 
Damons. A Flajket was placed f upon his Head ; and 
near him lay a Creature with three Heads ; a Dogs 
on the Right-fide, a Wolf's on the Left-fide, and a 
Lion’s Plead in the Middle. A Snake with his Fold 
encompafled them, whofe Plead hung clown unto the 
God’s Right Hand, with which he bridled the terrible 
Monfter. There was befides, in almoft all the Tem¬ 
ples where Serapis and Ifts were worfhipped, an Image 
which prefled its Lips with its Finger. Varro fays, the 
Meaning of this was, that no one fhould dare to fay 
that thefc Gods had been Men formerly ; and the Laws 
inflided Death upon him that faid that Serapis was once 
a mortal Man. 


8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 



:i Pan fan. in Attic. h Publ. Vidor. c Tacitus, 1 . so. 
Plut. do Ofirklc. Porphyrins. 0 Praip. Evangelic a, 
lib, >j. l ' Mac rob. in Saturnal. 


.0 


I 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 339 

Apis? of whom we fpake fomething above, a was 
King of the Argivi? and being tranfported from thence 
into Egypt? he became Serapis? or the greatcft of all 
the Gods of Egypt . After the Death of Seraph? the 
Ox? that we mentioned a little before, fucceeded in his 
Place. b Pliny defcribes the Form and Quality of this 
Ox? thus: An Ox? fays he, in Egypt? is worfhipped as 
a God. They call him Apis . He is thus marked $ there 
is a white fhining Spot upon his Right-fide. Horns 
like the Moon in its Increafe, and a Node under its 
Tongue, which they call Cantbaris. His Body? c fays 
Herodotus? Was all black : In his Forehead he had a 
white? fquare? Joining Figure 5 the Effigies of an Eagle 
in his Back ; and, befides that Cantbaris in his Mouth, 
he had Hair of two Sorts in his Tail. But Pliny goes 
on : If he lives beyond an appointed Period of Time? they 
drown hitn in the Priejls Fountain; then the Priejh pave 
their Heads? and mourn and lament? and feck emother to 
fuhjlitute in his Room , When they have found one? he is 
brought by the Priejh to Memphis. He hath two Chapels, 
which they call Chambers, which are the Oracles of the 
People . In one of which he foretels Good? in the other HL 
He gives An fiver in private? a ltd takes Meat from them 
that confult him . He refufed Meatfrom the Hand of Ge r- 
manicus Casfar, who died not long after . Fie a£fs? for the 
mof part? in fecret : But when he pleafes to appear pukliclc- 
ly> the Officers go before and clear the Way ; and a Flock of 
Boys attend him? paging Verfcs to his Honour. He feerns 
to underfland Things? and to expeft Worfoip. Once a Tear 
a Coiv is flocwn unto him? who hath her Marks (though 
different from his ;) and this Cow is ahvays both found and 
killed the fame Day . So far Pliny . To which JEiian 
adds, That the Cow that conceives Apis, conceives him not 



a Auguft. (le Civitate Dei, lib. i 3 , 
c, 40. c Herodot. lib. 3. 


b Plin. I-Iifl. Nat. 


34 ° Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

by a Bully but by Lightning . 2 Ca?nhyfesy King of AJJyria , 
gave no Credit to thefe Trifles ; and ftruck Apis in the 
Thigh with his Sword, to fhew, by the Wounds 
bleeding, that he was no God : But his Sacrilege did 
not pafs (as they pretend) unpunifhed. 







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C 341 ] 



A N 

APPENDIX 

Concerning the GODDESSES thatmake 

the GODS. 

I 

HOSE Goddejfes (whofe Images are fmall, 
and all painted in one Picture) are the 
Virtues ; by whofa Favour, not only the 
DU Jldfcriptitiii but all the other Gods 
befides, were advanced to Heaven, and 
honoured with the utmofl: Veneration, 
You fee fome Vices amongft them (for they had Altars 
dedicated to them too) which, like Shades, encreafe 
the Luftrc of the Virtues ; whofe Brightnefs is doubled 
by the Reflection of the Colours. To both of them 
there are adjoining fome Gods, either favouring or op~ 
pofing them. I (hall fay fomething briefly, accord*- 
ing to my Defign, of them. 

z 3 



C I I A l’. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


CHAP. I. 

I 

3 E C T. I. rfhe Virtues which are Goddeffes 

and good Deities. 

T H R Ancients not only worfhipped the feveral 

Species of Virtues , but alfo Virtue herfelf, as a 
Goddefs. Therefore, firft of her, and then of the 
others. 


SECT. II. Virtue and H o n our 



Y^lrtue derives her-Name from Vir , becaufe Virtues 
* the mod manly Ornament. “She was efteemed a 

b and worfhipped in the Habit of an elderly 
Matron fitting upon a fquare Stone. c M. Marcellm 
dedicated a Temple to her ; and hard by’placed ano¬ 
ther, that was dedicated to Honour : The Temple of 
Virtue was the Paffage to the Temple of Honour ; by 
which was fiiinified, that by Virtue alone true Honour 
is attained. The Priefis facrificed to Honour with bare 
Heads, and we ufually uncover our Heads when we 
fee honourable and worthy Men ; and fince Honour it- 
felf is valuable and eftimable, it is no Wonder if fuch 
Rcfpe£l is (hewn in celebrating its Sacrifices. 



a Ciceronis Qu^ft. Tufc. z. h Augufl. 4. de Civitutc 
Dei, c. 10. c Liv. 1 . z. 


SECT. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


S E C T. III. Faith. 

JflD E S had a Temple at Rome , near the Capitol , 
which a Nutria Pompi lifts (as it is faid) firfl confe- 
crated to her. b Her Sacrifices were performed with¬ 
out Slaughter, or Blood fpilt. The Heads and Hands 
of the Priefts were covered with a white Cloth when 
they facrificed ; becaufe Faith ought to be clofc and fccret . 
Virgil calls her c Cana Fidcs ; either from the Candour of 
the Mihd, from v/henee Fidelity proceeds; or becaufe 
Faith is chiefly obferved by aged Perfons. The Symbol 
of this Goddejs was a white Dog y which is a faithful 
Creature. d Another Symbol of her was two Hands 
joined ; or two young Ladies floating Hands. For, c by 
giving the Right-handy they engaged their Faith for their 
future Friendship. 


a Cicero de Ojficiis. b Dion. Halicarn. 1 . 2. c Servius 
in 1. and 8. JEneid. a Statius i. Thebaid. c Dcxtra 
data fldem futurre amicititc fancibant. Liv. 1. 21. 


SECT. IV. Hope. 


JtilOP E had a Temple at Rowe, in the Herb- Mar- 
^ kety which was unfortunately burnt down with 
Lightning, f Giraldus fays, that he hath feen her Ef¬ 
figies in a Golden Coin of the Emperor Adrian. She 
was deficribed in .the Form of a Woman {landing, her 
Left-hand lightly held up the Skirts of her Garments, 
Hie leaned on her Elbow, and in her Right-hand held 
a Plate, on which was placed a Ciborium (a Sort of a 
Cup) fafhioned to the Likencfs of a Flower, with this 
Infciiption, S P E 5, P.R . fhe Plope oj' the People of 



1 Syntngm. 1 . 1. 
Z 4 


Ranie y 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


Ro?ne - We have already related in what Manner Hope 
was left and preferved in the Bottom of Pandora's 

Box. 


SECT. V. Justice. 

. * 4 * / 

7 UJlice was defcribed like a Virgin with a piercing 
v jfredfaft Eye, a fevere Brow, her Afpe£fc awful, 
noble, and venerable.' Amongft the Egyptians , Alex¬ 
ander fays, that fee has no Head ; and that her Left- 
hand was flretched forth and open. The Greeks called 
. her jyirasa-y as we faid before. 

S E C T. VI. Piety. 


/jT’ilius^ the Duu?nvir? dedicated a Chapel to 
Goddefs at Rome , in the Place where that Wc 


this 
Woman 

lived, who fed her Mother in the Prifon with the Milk 
of her Breafts. The Story is this ; a "The Mother was 
pnni/hed with Imprisonment } her Daughter , who was an 
ordinary Woman , then gave Suck Jhe ca??ie to the Prifon 
frequently and the Gaoler always fearchech her , to fee that 
Jhe carried no Food to her Mother : At lajl Jhe zuas found 
giving Suck to her Mother with her Brea/is . This extraor¬ 
dinary Piety of the Daughter gained the Mother's Freedom ; 
and they both zvere afterwards maintained at the Publick 
Charge , while they lived ; and the Place was confecrated to 
the Goddefs Piety . There is a like Example in the b Gre¬ 
cian Hiflory, of a certain Woman, who by her Breafts 
nourifhed Cymon , her aged Father, who was imprifoned 5 
and fupported him with her own Milk. 



a PHn. Hill. Nat. 1 . 7. c, 36. b Valerius Maximus, 
lib. 3. 


SECT. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 34 j 


SECT. VII. Mercy. 

T HE Athenians eredled an Altar to Mifericordia? 

Mercy ; a where was firft eftablifhed an Afylum 
■ (a Place of common Refuge to the Miferable and Un¬ 
fortunate :) It was not lawful to force any from thence. 
When Hercules died, b his Kindred feared fome Mif- 
chief from thofe whom he had afRidled ; wherefore they 
credted an Afylum 9 or Temple of Mercy , at Athens . 


a faufan. in Attic. 


b Serv. in JEn. 8. 


SECT. VIII. Clemency. 

N OTHING memorable occurs concerning this 

Ooddefsy unlefs that there was a Temple eredted 
to dementia Cafaris , The Clemency of Cafar ., as.we read 
in c Plutarch . 


- > 


c In Vita Ccefaris. 


SECT. IX. Chastity. 


T WO 

tltv ; 


.SL tlty 5 the one to Pudicitia Patricia , which flood 
in the Ox-Market ± and the other to Pudicitia Plebcia, 
built by Virginia , the Daughter of Aldus: for when {he 
who was born of a Patrician Family , (I had married a 
Plebeian , the noble Ladies were mightily inccnfed, and 
banifhed her from their Sacrifices, and would not fuffer 
her to enter into the Temple of Pudicitia , into which 
S' na tori an Families were only permitted Entrance. A 
Quarrel arofe hereupon amongft the Women, and a 


Liv, 1 , io. 


great 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


great Breach was made between them : Hereupon Vir¬ 
ginia flrove by fome extraordinay Adfcion to blot out 
the Dilgrace which (lie had received ; and therefore fhe 
built a - Chapel in the long Street where Hie lived, and 
adorned it with an Altar to which fhe invited the 
Plebeian Matrons, and complaining to them, that the 
Ladies of Quality had ufed her fo barbaroufly : I dedi¬ 
cate^ fays fhe, this Altar to Pudicitia Plebehi; and Idejirt 
vf you that you will as much adore Chaftily, as the Men do 
Honour ; that this Altar may be followed by i- u ■ er and more 
chajle Votaries , than the Altar of Pudicitia Patricia, if it 
he pojfible. • Both thefe Altars were reverenced a 1 molt 
with the fame Rites, and no Matron but of approved 
Chaftity, and who had been married but once, had 
Leave to facrifice here. It is, belides faid in Hiltory, 
that the Women, who were contented with one Mar¬ 
riage, were ufually rewarded with a a Crown of Chajlity. 


a Corona pudicitia?, Val. Max. 1 z. de Infritut. 


SECT. X. - Truth. 

CV^RUTH, the Mother of Virtue , b is painted in Gar¬ 
ments as white as Snow5 her Looks are ferene, 
plea&nt, courteous, chearful, and yet model!: $ flic is 
the Pledge of all Honefty, Bulwark of Honour, the 
Light and Joy of human Society, c She is commonly 
accounted the Daughter of Time and Saturn \ bccaufc 
Truth is difeovered in the Courfe of Time: But Demo¬ 
critus feigns that fhe lies hid in the Bottom of a Well. 



b Philoft. in Heroic, Ss Amp. c Plut. in Qua? ft. 



S K C 'i 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


347 


SECT. XI. Mens. 

G OOD Senfe y or Underflanding (Mens:) was made 
a Goddcfs by the Romans ^ a that they might ob¬ 
tain a found Mind . b An Altar was built to her in the 
Capitol , by M . /Emilias* c The Prat or AtUius vowed 
to build a Chapel to her ; which he performed, when 
he was upon that Account created Duumvir . 


^Aug. 1.2 c. 21. b Cicero 2. dc Nat. Deorum. 

c Liv. z 2. So 23. 

SECT. XII. Concord. . 

W E fhall find by (! the concurrent Teftimony of 

many, that the Goddefs Coiicordia had many Al¬ 
tars at feveral Times dedicated to her* eipecially, fhe 
was worfhipped by the Ancient Romans . Her Image 
held a Bowl in her Right-hand, and a Horn of Plenty , 
or a Sceptre , from which Fruit feemed to fprout forth, 
in her Left. c The Symbol of her was two Right-bands 
joined together , and a Pomgranatc . 


<] Liv. lib. 9 Pint, in C. Gracch. Suet, in Tib. c Lil. 
Gyrald. Syntagm. i-, 

* r 

SECT. XIII. Peace. 

T) A X was honoured heretofore at Athens with an 
Altar, f as Plutarch tells us. At Rome flic had a 
molt magnificent Temple in the Forum , begun by Clau¬ 
dius , and finifhed by Vefpafian \ K which was afterwards 
confumed in a Eire under the Emperor Comnodus . She 

Was deferibed in the Form of a Matron, holding forth 

% 

m iMlImjgB t_ " -1 I 1 I I _U - 1-"- T-— ■ 1 1 1 111 

■*» 

f Pint, in Cinion. K Iicrodot, 1 . 2. 

Ean. 



Of the Gods of the "Heathens. 


Ears of Com in her Hands, and crowned with Olive* 
and Laurel, or fometimes Roles. Her particular Sym¬ 
bol was a Caduceus , a white Staff, borne by Ambafiadors 
when they go to treat of Peace. 


SECT. XIV. Health. 

i 

T H E Goddefs tSalus was fo much honoured by the 

Romans , that anciently feveral Holy-days were 
appointed in which they worfliipped her. a There was 
a Gate at Rome called Porta falutaris , bccaufe it was 
near to the Temple of Salus . Her Image was the Fi¬ 
gure of a Woman fitting on a Throne, and holding a 
Bowl in her Right-hand. Hard by flood her Altar, a 
Snake twining round it, and lifted up his Head toward 
it. The Augurtum Salutis was heretofore celebrated in 
the fame Place $ which was intermitted for fouie Time, 
and renewed again by Augujius . b It was a Kind of Di¬ 
vination, by which they begged Leave of the Gods 
that the People might pray for Peace; as though it 
was unlawful to pray for it before they had Leave. A 
Day in every Year was fet apart for that Purpofe, upon 
which none of the Roman Armies might either iparch 
or engage. 


a Macrob. Saturn, i. c. 16. b Dion. 1 , 27. Aim. Po* 
litian. Mifcel. c. 12 , 

* 

SECT.. XV, Fidelity. 

T HIS Goddefs a!fo, a fays St. Juflin, hath her Tem¬ 
ple and her Altar, and fuitable Sacrifices were 
performed to her. They reprefented her like a vene¬ 
rable Matron fitting upon a Throne, and holding a b 
white Rod in her Right-hand, and a great Horn of 
Plenty in her Left. J 


a -Aug. dc Civ. Dei, 1 . 4. c. 18. lj Caduceus. 

s k c r 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

/ 



SECT. XVI. 



E R T Y. 


A S the Romans were, above all Things, careful 

their Liberty, efpecially after the Expulfion of the 
Kings, when they fet themfelves at Liberty, a fo they 
built a Temple to Liberty , amongft the Number of their 
other Goddejfes . And Cicero tells us, that Clodius con- 
fecrated his Houfe to her. 


Lil. Gyrald, Synt. 



SECT. XVIL Money. 

% 

HEY invoked Pccunia as a Goddefs , that they 
might be rich, and fo they worfhipped the God 
Mfculanus , and his Son Argcntinus , that they might 
have Plenty of Brafs and Silver . They efteemed AZf- 
culauus the Father of Argentinus, Becaufe Brafs-Money 
was ufed before Silver . And 1 wonder , b fays St. Au- , 
guftine , that Aurinus was not made a God after Argen- 
tinus, becaufe Silver Money was followed by Gold . To 
this Goddefs , Money , O how many apply their Devo¬ 
tions to this Day j what Vows do they make, and at 
what Altars do they importune, that they may fill their 
Coffers ! If you have thofe Gods , c fays Menander , if you. 
have Silver and Gold at Home , afk whatever you pieafc^ 
you Jhall have it , the very Gods themfelves will be at your 
Service . 4 


k MirorautemquodArgcntinusnon genuitAurinuxn,quia 
&aureapecuniafubfecuta eft. Aug. de CiVit. Dei,l 4.C. 21* 
c Hos Dcos Auruin & Argentum fi domi habeas, quicquid 

voles, roga,tibiemniaaderu nt,ipfos habebisvclminiftrantcs 

Decs. Menander ap, Stub, or de laude auri. 


SECT. 



C II A P. II. 

SECT. I. I'be Y iceSj and Evil 

Deities. 

V 

J Call thofc Evil Deities which oppofe our Happincfr, 
and many Times do us Mifchief. And fir/h of 
the Vices to which Temples have been confccratcd. 


S K C T. 


V 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 351 


SECT. II. 

rpHAT Envy is a Goddefs , appears by the Con- 
JL feflion of Pallas , who owned that (he was affift- 
ed by her to infcdl a young Lady, called flglauros , with 
her Poifon. Ovid defcribes the a Houfe where (he 
dwells, in very elegant Verfe, and afterwards gives a 
moll beautiful Defcription of b Envy herfelf, 


a P rot in us Invidisc nigrofqualcntia tabo 

fefta petit : donuts eji intis in vcillibus aniri 

flbdita , foie carc?is> nec ulli pr.rvia vento ; 

frijiis, C d ig navi plcni(Ji?na frigor is, Id qusz 

Ignc vacctJenifer, caliginefemper abundet . Ovid. Met. 1. a. 

Then limit to Envy's Cell (he bends her Way, 

Which all with putrid Gore infedied lay ; 

Deep in a gloomy Cave’s obfeure Recefs, 

No Beams could e’er that horrid Manhoij blefs ; 

No Breeze e’er fann’d it ; but about it roll’d 

% 

Eternal Woes, and ever lazy Cold : 

No Spark fhone there, but everlalling Gloom 
Impenetrably dark obfeur’d the Room. 
b PciUor in ore J'edct, macics in corpore toto , 

Nujquam reft a aczes , livent rubigwe dentes , 

Pc ft ora folk virent, lingua c/i ffjufa veneno , 

Rijits abcfl, 7iifi quem vifi tnoverc dolorcs. 

Nec fruitin' Jomno <vigiiantibus cxcita cur is , 

Scd videt ingratos , intabcfcitquc videndo 
Succcf us hominum ; carpitque id carpitur unit, 

Suppliciumquc Jinan cjl --- 

A deadly Palcnefs in her Checks was feen, 

Her meagre Skeleton icarce cas’d with Skin; 

Her looks awry ; and everlalling Seoul 

Sits on her Brows ; her Teeth deform’d and foul. 

Her Break had Gall, more than her Brcalt could hold : 


Beneath her Tongue black Clots of Poifon roll’d : 

No Smiles e’er fmooth’d her furrow’d Brows, but thole 
Which rife from common Mifchiefs, Plagues, and Woes 
Her Eyes, mere Strangers to the Sweets of Sleep, 
Devouring Spite for ever waking keep. 

SECT 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


SECT. III. Contumely and 

Impudence.. 

T H E S E two Vices were both adored by the a A- 

thc 7 iians •> and particularly, it is faid, they were 
reprefented by a Partridge y which is efteemed a very 
impudent Bird* 


She fees blefs’d Men with vafl Succcffes crown’d. 
Their Joys diftradt her, and their Glories wound : 

She kills abroad, herfelf’s confum’d at Home, 

And her own Crimes are her perpetual Martyrdom. 

3 Paufanias in Attic. Cic. 2. do leg. Theophrahus de leg. 

SECT. IV. Calumnv. 

T HE fame People ere&ed an Altar to Calumny. 

b Apelles painted her thus : c There fits a Man 
with great and open Ears, inviting Cahwmy , with his 
Hand held out, to come to him : And two Women, 
Ignorancep ind Sufpicion , ftand near him. Calwriny breaks 
out in a Fury ; her Countenance is comely and beauti- 
tiful ; her Eyes fparkle like Fire, and her Face is in¬ 
flamed with Anger ; file holds a lighted Torcli in her 
Left-hand, and with her Right twills a young Man’s 
Neck, who holds up his Hands in Prayer to the Gods. 
Before her goes Envy pale and nafty : On her Side arc 
Fraud and Confpiracy : Behind her follows Repentance , 
clad in Mourning, with her Cloaths torn; who turns 
her Head backward, 'as if file looked for Truth 7 who 
comes flowly after. 


b Idem apud Diogen. 0 Lucian, lib. dc non tcxncre 
credendis calumniis. 

SEC T. 



1 - / • 

£Jfthe Gods of the Heathens . 


SECT. V. Fraud. 

T HIS Deity * wasdefcribed with an human Face* 

but a Serpents Body: In the End of her Tail 
was a ScorpiotTs Sting: Shefwims through the River 
Cocytus, and nothing appears above Water but hei: 
Head. 



a Bocat. in Geri. Deor. 


S E C T. VL Di scorD. 

% 

T)Etronius Arbiter , where he treats of the Civil Wat 
f betwixt Pompey and Ccefar 9 has given a b beautiful 
Defcription of the Goddefs Difcordia . 


b Intremuere tubes, ac fciffo Difcordia crbze 
Extulit ad fuperos Stygium caput . Hujus in ore 
Concretns fang ids contufaq; liunina fchant £ 

Stab ant a: ratafcabra rubigine delites , 

Tabo lingua fluens, cbfejfa dr aeonibus ora £ 

Atq$ inter toto lacer'atam pediore vcfletn, 

Sangidneam tremula quatiebat lamp ad a dextra. 

The Trumpets found, and with a difmal Yell 
WildDifcord rifes from the Vale of Hell: 

From herfwell’d Eyes there ran a briny Flood, 

And clotted Gore upon her Vifage flood: 

Around her Head ferpenrine Elf-locks hung. 

And Streams of Blood flow’d from her fable Tongue t 
Her tatter’d Cloaths her yellow Skin betray, 

(An Emblem of the Breaft on which they lay) 

And brandifh’d Flames her trembling Hand obey. 


A a 


SECT. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


SECT. VII. Fury. 

T7URT is defcribed fometimes chained, fometimtfs 
•F raging and revelling, with her Chains broke; but 
3 Virgil chufes to defcribe her bound iri Chains, al¬ 
though b Petroni'us defcribes' he* at Liberty, unbound. 


-- Furor itnpius hit us 

Scsva fedens fuper arma> & centum vindhis abents 

Pofl tergum nodis, /remit borridus ore cruento. JEn. i, 

-. -- - Within fits impious War 

On curfed Arms,' bound with a thoufand Chains, 

And horrid, with a bloody Mouth, complains. 

■—- Furor, abrupt is, ecu liber , habetiis 

Sangahvenvr late tollit caput, oraque ?nille 
Vulneribus confojfa cruenta cajjide vclaf, 

H<£ret detritus Icevcc Flavor tins umbo 
Innumerabilibus telis gravis, atq', flagranti • 

St ip it e dextra minax terris incendia portal. 

Diforder’d Rage, from brazen Fetters freed,- 
Afcends to Earth with an impetuous Speed: 

Her wounded Face a bloody Helmet hides. 

And her Left Arm a batter’d Target guides : 

Red Brands of Fire, fupportedin her Right, 

The impious World with Flames and Ruin fright. 


SECT. VIII. Fame. 


c JF)Aufanias and d Plutarch fay, that there were Tem- 

pies alfo dedicated to Fame. c She is finely and 

delicately defcribed by Virgil , which Defcription I will 

put 


° Faufanias in Atticis. d Plut. in Camillo. 

c Famn, malum quo non altud velochts ullum , 
Mobil it ate viget, virrfq ; acquirit eundo. 

Parva metn prim a ; moxfcfc at tollit in auras, 
ingreditnrqne Jo/o, ts caput inter mdnla co)/dit , 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 



piit at the End of this Section to five you the Trou¬ 
ble of confulting the Book, though it is common ; and 
it defences not only to be remembered* but tranfcribed 
into all Books as there is Occafion. 



IIlam Terra paiens, irritata Tear um 
SLxtrcmam, ut per hi bent, C&o Enceladoqu* fororem 
Progenuit, pedibiis cehrem & pernicibus alls : 

Monjlrum borrehdum , ingens, cut qnot fane cor pore plum at: 
Tot njigiles octili fubrer , mi r a bile diblu ! 

Tot linguae, tot idem ora fan ant, tot Jubrigit aures • 

Noble fvolat eczli medio, terreeque p?r umbram , 

Strident, nec dulci declinat lumina fornno • 

Luce fedet cufli s aut fummi culmine tefti, 

Tur ribas aut ah is, Cf magnas teryitat urbes, 
Tamfiblipra<viq m , tenax, quam nuncia veri. JEn. 4* 

Fame, the great Ill, from fmall Beginnings grows. 

Swift from the firft, and ev’ry Moment brings 
New Vigour to her Flights, new Pinions to her Wings. 
Soon grows the Pigmy to gigantick Size, 

Her Feet on Earth, Her Forehead in the Skies, 

Enrag’d againft the Gods, revengeful Earth, 

Produc’d her laft of the Titanian Birth. 

S.wift is her Walk; more fwift her winged Halle; 

A monflrous Phantom, horrible and vail: 

As many Plumes as raife her lofty Flight* 

So many piercing Eyes enlarge her Sight: 

Millions of op’ning Mouths to Fame belong. 

And ev’ry Mouth is fiirnifh’d with a Tongue, 

And round with lift'ning Ears th Qflying Plague is hung. 

She fills the peaceful Univerle with Cries ; 

No Slumbers ever clofe her wakeful Eyes : 

By Day from lofty V ow’rs her Head fhe fhews. 

An I fpreads thro’ trembling Crouds difaflrous News. 
With Court-Informers haunts, and Royal Spies, 

Things done relates, not done file feigns, and mingles Truth 

with Lyes. 

Talk is her Bufmcfs, and her chief Delight 
To tell of Prodigies, and caufe Affright. 



A a 2 


SEC T. 



SECT. IX. Fortune. 


W HY was Fortune made a Goddefs, fays* St. Ait » 

gujiine , fince flic comes to the Good and the Bad 
without any 'Judgment f She is fo blind,, that without 
Diftin£tion fhe runs to any- body ; and many times fhe 
pafies by thofe that admire her, and flicks to thofe that 
defpife her : So that b Juvenal had Reafon to fpeakin 
the Manner he does to her. Yet the Temples that 
have been confecrated to her, and the Names which 
fhe has had, are innumerable the chief of them I 
will point out to you. 

She was fliled Aurea^ or Regia Fortuna and c an 
Image of her fo fliled was ufually kept in the Em¬ 
peror’s Chamber, and when one died, it was removed to 
the Palace of his Succeflor. 

She was worfhipped in the Capitol under the ,l Title 
of Bona ; and in the Efqutlia under the Title of Mala . 

Scrvius Tullus had in his Court a Chapel dedicated 
to c Fortuna Barbata : She was called Brevis , or Parva , 
in the fame Place. 

She is alfo called Cccca, Blind. Neither is (he only, 
fays f Cicero , blind hcrfelf, but fhe many times mak<j£ 
thofe blind that enjoy her. 

In fome Infcriptions flie is called s Confervatrix . 
The Praetor Fulvius Flaccus , in Spain* when the 

laft Battle was fought with the Celtiberi 9 vowed 1 a 


* Aug. dc Civit. 1 . r. c. 18. 

b Nullum vutnen abejt Ji fit prudentta ; Jed te 

Idos facimus , Fortuna, Beam, cceloque locamus • Sat.' 29 . 

Fortune is never worth ipp’d by the Wife, 

But fhe, by Fools let up, ufurps the Skies. 

Q Spart. in Sevcro. Gyr. Syntagm. 15. 4 Plin. & Cic. 

Plut. in Quseft. 1 Dc Amicitia. c Ap, Gyr. Synt. 

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Of the Gods of the Heathens* 357 

Chapel to * Fortuna Equejlris , becaufe he in the Battle 
commanded the Bridles to be taken off the Horfes, that 
they might run upon the Enemy with the greater Force, 
and Violence, whereby he got the Viftory. 

Fars Fortuna , or b Fortis Fortuna , was another of her 
Names ; and fhe was worfhipped by thofe who lived 
without any Art or Care at all. 

She had a. Chapel near the Temple of Venus , where 
file was called c Mcifcula , .and ,l Virilis Mafoulina. 

She was called c Muliebris , becaufe the Mother and 
the Wife of Coriolanus faved the City of Rome. And 
when her Image was confecrated in their Prefence, f it 
fpoke thefe Words twice. Ladies , you have dedicated me 
as you Jhould do. g Yet it was not lawful for all Matrons 
to touch this Image, but for thofe only who had not 
been married twice. 

Mammofa , either from her Shape, or becaufe fha 
fupplies us with Plenty. 

Servius Fullus dedicated a Temple to Fortuna Ohfe - 
quens , becaufe fhe obeys the Wifhes of Men. The 
fame Prince worfhipped her, and built her Chapels, 
where fhe was called by thefe following Titles : 

Primigenia , h becaufe both the City and the Empire 
received their Origin from her. 

Privata^ or ' Propria: She had a Chapel in the 
Court, which that Prince ufed fo familialJy, *that flic 
was thought to go down through a little Window 
into his Houfe. 

Her Temple at Pranejle , k from whence flic was 
called Pr&nejlina , was more famous and notable than 


a Vide Livium, 1 . 41, 42. b Confulc cundem Livium, 
I. 27. c Plutarch tie Port. Roman. d Ovid, bailor. 1 . 4. 
c Dion. 1 . 8. f Rite me, Matronal, dedicailis. Auguilin. 
1. 4. c. 19. Val. Max. 1. 2 . c. 8 . c Serv. in 4 . vEneid. 
8. l * Plutarch * i ibid. k Liv. 1 . 52. Saeton. in Domic. 




Of the Gods, of the Heathens. 


all the reft, becaufe very true Oracles were uttered 
there. 

Do mitt an con fee rated a Chapel to a For tuna Redux , 

In ancient Infcriptions (he is named u Stata . 

To c Virgo Fortuna the little C.oats of the young 
Girls were prefented. 

Laftly, file was called d Vifcata or Vifcofa , becaufe 
are caught by her as Birds are with Bird-Lime ; in 
which Senfe Seneca { ays, c Kindnejjes are Bird-Lime . 


a Mart. 1 . 8. b Apud. Gyrald c Arnobius z. adver- 
fus Gentes. ,l Plutarch, in Quae ft. c Beneficia funt vift 
cola. Seneca de Beneficiis. . 


SECT. X- The Fever. 

'TpEbrts (the Fever) had her Altars and Temples in 
the PaLce. f She was woi (hipped that fhe fhould 
not hurt: And for the fame Reafon they worfhipped 
all the other Gods and GnddefTes of this Kind. 

Fear an i Palenefs were fuppofed to be Gods, s and 
worflupped by Tullus Hoftihus , h when in the Battle 
betwixt the Romans and the Vejentes it was told him, 
that the Albans had revolted, and the Romans grew a- 
fraid and pale ; for, in this doubtful Conjecture, he 
Vowed a Temple to Pallor and Pavar . 

The Pe >ple of Gadara 1 made Poverty and Art God- 
defles, becaufe the firji whets the Wit for the Difcovery 
of the other . 

Necejfity and Violence had their Chapel upon the Acro- 
Corinthusy bur it was a Crime to enter into ifr. 

M, Marccllinus dedicated d Chapel to Tempcjia r, 



h Liv. 1 . i. 


de Nat. Sc z . de Leg. & Auguflin. 1 . 4, 
1 Arrian apud Gyr. Syntagm. 4. 


c. 1 S. 
with* 


Oft he Gods of the Heathens. 


359 


-without the Gate of Gapena 9 after he had efcaped a fevere 
Tempeft in a Voyage into thelfland of Sicily % 


SECT. XI. Silence. 

T> OT H the Romans and /Egyptians wor(hipped the 
Jl5 Gods and God defies of Silence . The Latins parti¬ 
cularly worfhipped a yfngeronia and Tacita , whofe Image 
(they-fay) fiood upon the Altar of the Goddefs Folupia , 
with its Mouth tied up and fealed, b becaufe they, who 
endure their Cares with Silence and Patience ., do by that 
Means procure to themfelves the greateft Pleafure. 

The Egyptians worfhipped Harpocratis , as the God of 
Silence , c after the Death of Ofir is . He was the Son of 
Jfis . They offered the Firft-Fruits of the Lentils and 
Pulfe to him. They confecrated the Tree Petfea to 
him, becaufe the Leaves of it were (haped like aTongue, 
and the Fruit like an Heart. He was painted naked, 
and the Figure of the Boy, crowned with an Egyptian 
Mitre, which ended at the Points as it were in two 
Buds : He held in his Left-hand a Horn of Plenty, 
whilfl: a Finger in his Right-hand was upon his Lip, 
thereby commanding Silence . 

And therefore I fay no more; neither can I better be 
filent, than when a God commands me to be fo : Not- 
withftanding I am not fo careful of the Dire&ion or the 
vain Com m and s o f th is mute God., this pi ecus p iter , p itchy 
Toutb (as Martianus calls him, becaufe the Complexion 
of the Egyptians is black) but as there is a Time to Jpeak , 
fo there is a Time to hold one’s Peace ; as we arc afFured 
by the Mouth of the Wife Man from that one and true 


u MacrobiusSat. Plut.in Ntima. Plin. 1 . 3. b Quod qui 
fuosangores (unde Angcroniadida oil) suquo animoferunt, 
perveniunt ad maximum voluptatcm, c Eniph. 3 contra 


j. 1 jcjv fc s, 


God's 


A a 4 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


God? who fpeaks once for an Eternity, and in one 
Word exprefles all Things ; whereas how little have 
I exprefled all this Time in a Multitude of Words? 
flow vain have I been, and troublefome to you, Palceo- 
philus ? My long, idle ? and unfkilful Difcourfes have 
been yery tedious and troublefome to you ; I acknow» 
ledge my Fault, and fhall fay no more for Shame. 

P. But I rtnift not be filent; for, deareft Sir, your 
extraordinary Civility tome, as well as your great Merit, 
commands me at all Times and Places to fpeak and write 
of you with Honour, to e^prefs my Gratitude as much 
as 1 can that Way, if I am not fo able to do it in ano- 



A N 


■ 


A. 

* 

/jBeona y or Adeoita , was a guardian Goddefs to grown 
^ Perfons Page 290 

Abfyrtus tom to Pieces by his Sifter Medea 305 

Achelousy turns himfelf into a Serpent, then into a Bull; in 
which Shape he is conquered by Hercules 302 

Acheron, one of the infernal Rivers 248 

Achilles, his Birth, 329. And Education, ihid. Invulnera¬ 
ble, fave only in the Foot, ibid. Hid by his Mother to 
prevent his going to Troy , and difeovered by CJlyJfes, 330 
kills Heftor, and is himfelf killed by Paris ibid. 

Acid alia , one of the Titles of Venus nz 

Aconitum, Wolf-bane, grew iirft out of the Vomit of Cer¬ 
berus 3 00 

Attceon, turned into a Deer by Diana, and torn in Pieces 
by his own Dogs 218 

Adonis , Venus* s Gallant, killed by a Boar, and by Venus 
turned into the Flower of Anemone 126 

Adrajl/va , the fame with NcjneJis, one of the Goddeftes of 
Juilice. ^ ^ 195 

Adfcriptitii Dii, Gods of the lower Rank and Dignity 7 

A '.ants, one of the infernal Judges 2 6z 

JEuiftor, 


INDEX. 


'AEcaJlor, an Oath only ufed by Women, as H&r-de was uie^ 
only by Men 31I 

. .JEd&pol, an Oath ufed both by Men and Women Hid, 
AEgcosz, one of the Giants 265 

AEgeus, drowns himfelf in the Sea, which from him was 
afterwards called the JEgean Sea 306 

JEgis, 'Jupiter 's Shield, defcribed 13 

AEgma, debauched by Jupiter in the Shape of Fire 35 
Aello, one of the Harpyes 271 

AEolus, the God of*the Winds * ‘ - 164 

AE/culaptus, his Birth, Education, and wondeful Skill in 
Fhyfic, reltores the Dead, to Life, 3.17. Jupiter, on Plu¬ 
to's Complaint, ftrikes himdead with Thunder, 318.' He 
is worfhipped as a God, ibidy His Children 339 

AEfadanus, one of the Gods of Wealth 349 

AEfon, the Father of Jafozi ; when very old and decrepid, 
xeftored to Youth by Medeci 305 

AEta, the Father of Medea , and King of Colchis ibid, 

AEthra, the Wife of Atlas , 1 324 

AEtnacus, one of the Titles of Vulcan j37 

Agamemnon, chofen General again It Troy ; at his Return 
murdered by his Wife Clytemnejlra 312 

Aganippe, and Aganippides, the common Names of the Mu- 
fes, 391. Nymphs of Pbczbus 224 

Agenoria, a guardian Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 

Agclajlus , and Agcfdaus, Names of Pluto 252 

Aglaia , one of the Graces 

Agraas, one of the Names of Arijlaus 207 

Ajax, kills himfelf, and his Blood is turned into Violets 332 
Aias Locutius, a tutelar God to adult Perfons 292 

Aloion, a Giant killed by Hercules 301 

Abides, one of the Names of Hercules 296 

Alcithoe, turned into a Bat 70 

Alcmota , deceived by Jupiter-, who transformed himfelf into 
die Shape of her Ilufband Amphytrion • 15 

A lotto, one of the Furies 259 

A bit ry on turned into a Cock 82 

Ahntts , and Alumnus, Titles o£ Jupiter, 23. Alma Mater, and 
Al/rix, Titles of Ceres 182 

Alocus, one of the Giants that warred againfl. Heaven 26> 
Alp he us, attempts Diana, but is difappointed 2 jo 

Am a It bevd Vj Horn defcribed 13,302 

Anuvcxm, 






I N D E X. 


$ ubdued by 

307 

186 


x8 
of Ills 
ibid. 



315 

86 


Jf/ntizonj, Military Women, defcribed, 307. 

Hercules , 299. And by Thefteus 
Atnbetvalia, S acri fi c e s offere d to Ceres 
Atnbrojta, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 

Arnica, Aphrodite, Apbroditis, Anadyo?nene, nz. Apaturia, 
hi. Armata, 110. Aft arte. Names and Titles of Venus 

. .. . in 

Ammon, or Hammon, one of Jupiter's Names 
Amphion, builds the Walls of Thebes by the Mafic 
Harp, 328. This Fable explained 
Amp by trite, Neptune's Wife' 

Andromeda , deliver’d by Perfeus from a Sea-Monfler 
An cilia, holy Shields kept in the Temple of Mars 
AngerC 7 ia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 291 

Angeronia, one of the GoddeEes of Silence 359 

Anteeus, a Giant overcome by Hercules 301 

Anteros , one of the Names of Cupid 124 

Ante-vcrt a, Poftverta, Pror/a, Pro/a, or Porrima, a tutelar 
• Goddefs to Women in Labour 2S7 

Anthia, and Argi^va, Titles of Juno 91 

Antiope, debauched by Jupiter in the Shape of a Satyr 15 
Anubis, an ^Egyptian God with a Dog’s Head 336 

Aomdes , the Mules fo called 191 

Apaturia, a Title of Venus, 111. Feftivals folemnly kept in 
Honour of Bacchus, called alfo Ambrofta and A/colia 68 
Apis , a God worfhipped by the ^Egyptians under the Shape 
of an Ox, 336. A Defcription of him 339 

Apollo, his Image deferibed, 29. His Parentage, 30. Place 
of Birth, and admirable Endowments, 3 1. His memora¬ 
ble Attions, ibid . What was meant by the Fable o f Apollo 

4 l 

Aracbne, turned into a Spider by Minerva 103 

Ares, Mars fo called by the Greeks 80 

Areopagus Mars's Hill, fo called, becaufe Mars was there 
tried for Jnceit and Murder, 80. Capital Crimes always 
tried there. ibid, 

Areopagitee, ' Judges of the grcatefl Integrity ibid, 

Are thuja, one o fDiqua's Nymphs courted by Alpheus, 225. 
Difcovers to Ceres, that Pluto carried away Projcrpinc, 
255. Is turned into a Fountain wliofc Water mixes 
with (he Stream of the River Alpheus in Sicily ibid. 
Argjva, one of the Names of Juno 91 

Argonauts, 



I N D E 

Argonauts, JaJon's Companions, that went with him t <s 
fetch the golden Fleece 304 

Argentinus, one of the Gods of Wealth * 34.9 

Argus , fent by Juno to keep /o, 89. Is killed by Mercury y 
and afterwards by Juno turned into a Peacock 90 

Ariadne, married to Thefeus, and afterwards to Bacchus by 
whom ihe was made a Conftcllation 307 

Arion, an admirable Mufician, robbed and thrown into the 
Sea, 328. Carried fafe to Land on the Back of a Dol- 

ibid . 
207 
1 10 

3S§ 

62 

Eagle 


phin 

Arijlaeus , one of the rural Gods 

Armata , a Title of Venus 

Art , worlhipped as a Goddefs 

Afcalaphusy turned into an Owl 

Afcoliay Games in Honour of Bacchus 

AJieria, carried away by Jupiter , in the Shape of an 


120 
99 

238 
Is re- 

His 


Ajlerope , one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 

AJirtea, the Princefs of JuiHce 193, 344 

Atalcmta , and Hippomenes, two unfortunate Lovers, their 
Hiitory, 119. Are both turned into Lions 
Athena , one of the Names of Minerva 
Athamasy murders his own Son Learchus 
Atlasy iuftains the Heavens on his Shoulders, 323. 
lieved by Hercules , who holds them for him, ibid. 
Parentage, ibid . His Children, 324. Is turned into a 
Stone by Perfeusy ibid\ The Meaning of this Fable, ibid. 
Atreus , kills and feeds upon his own Child 269 

Atroposy one of the Fates 258 

Atys, Attcsy or Attincs , a Favourite of Cybele , emafculate* 
himfelf 17# 

Atysy the Son of Crcefus , born dumb, and reltored to his 
Speech by a Fright ibid. 

Avernusy a Lake on the Borders of Hell 246 

Averrunctts , a tutelar God to adult Perfons 291 

Augcas, his Stable contain^ three-thoufand Oxen, and yet 

' 299 

200 

v 6 

Car- 

ibid. 

21$ 

B . Baa 4 


clean fed in one Day by Hercules 
Avijlupcr , one of the Titles of Priapus 
Aurca, a Title of Fortune 

Aurora , Her Defcription, 133. Her Defcent^ 134 
lies Qcphalus and Tit bonus into Heaven 
Autolycus, a moil notorious Thief 



INDEX. 


B. 


D A a. /, Be el, Beelpbegor , Beehzebuh , Belize men, Belus, Namacr 
of 'Jupiter 19 

Babylon > the Walls of it, one of the {even Wonders or 

the World 46 

Bacchus , his Image deforibed, 37. His Birth, 59. His fo- 
veral Names, 61. His Exploits, 64. The feveral Sa¬ 
crifices offered to him, 66. The hiftorical Meaning of the 
Fable of Bacchus, 70. The moral Senfe of it 73 

Bacchanalia, Fcltivals in Honour of Bacchus 69 

Baccba:, Priefteffes of Bacchus , 67. Nymphs of Bacchus 

225 

Bdrbata, one of the Titles of Venus, hi. And one of the 
Titles of For tuna 356 

BaJJarides , Nymphs of Bacchus 223 

Bat/us, turned by Mercury into a Stone called 
Betides , fifty Daughters of Danaus, who all except one killed 
their Hufbands on the Wedding-Night, 268. The Pa- 
, nifhment they fuffer for it in Hell ibid* 

Belteropbon, his Parentage and admirable Chaftity, 316. Ex- 
pofed for it to many Dangers, which he efcapes from* 
316. Catches Pegafus , and on his Back de(troys:the Chi- 
mar a, for which King Jobates gives him his Daughter in. 
Marriage, ibid. This Succefs makes him vain and info- 
lent, for which Jupiter ftrikes him with Madnefs, in which 
miferable Condition he dies ibid* 

Betteropbon's Letters, thofe which any Man carries to his 
own Prejudice 316 

Bellerus , King of Corinth, killed b y Belterophon 315 

Belli c a , a Pillar before the Temple of Bellona , over which 
the Herald throws a Spear when he proclaims War 78 
Bellona , the Goddefs of War, 77. Her Offices ibid* 

Bt(/ts, King of AJJyria, the fir ft to whom an Idol was fet up 
and worshipped, 3. One of the Names of Jupiter 19 
Benejicium , worfliipped by the ^Ethiopians 29 z 

Bcrccyntb'ta Mater , one or the Titles of Cybcle 171 

Berg ion, a Giant flain by Hercules 301 

Biblis, falls in love with her Brother Caunus , 56. Pines 
away for Grief, dies and is turned into a. Fountain 5 1 
Biceps, and Bfront, two Names of Janus 149 

Biformiiy 



INDEX. 


B(formis, Brifeus, Bromius, Bimeter, Bhnator , and Bagents, 

Names of Bacchus 61 

of Erymantbia, tamed by Hercules 299 

Bolin a, a Nymph, drowns herfelf, but is afterwards made 
immortal • 34 

one of the Titles of Cybele, 173, And of For- 
tuna 356 

Bonus Daemon, one of the Titles of Priapus 206' 

Briareus, one of the Giants that warr’d again# Heaven 


265 

356 

214 

215 

25 
63 
i bid. 


Brevis, one of the Titles of Fortune 
Brimo , and Bubaftis, Names of Hecate or Diana 
Britomartis, made a Goddefs 
Brontaios , one of Jupiter's Titles 
Bruma , one of the Names of Bacchus 
Brumalia , Feftivals in Honour of Bacchus 
Bubona, a Deity presiding over Oxen 
.£«//, of a prodigious Size and Fiercenefs, tamed by Hercules 

299 

Bulla, a golden Ornament worn about the Necks of the 
Roman Youth 2 3 o 

Bunesa, one of y«;/o’s Names pr 

Bujiris, a cruel Tyrant, that .offered human Sacrifices to his 
• Father Neptune, killed by Hercules , and facrificed to_ Nep¬ 
tune 301 

c. 

jT*Abirt, Priefls of Cybele 

Caballinus Fans, the Mufes Spring 


1 77 

* ~ 3*5 

Cacits, the Son of Vulcan, 159. Proves a mofl notorious 

Robber, and is killed by Hercules 302 

Cadmus, banifhed, 17. Builds the City of Thebes, invents 
the greatell Part of the Greek Alphabet; fovvs the Teeth 
of a Dragon in the Ground, from whence armed Men 
fpring up ; marries Herrnione ; both he and flic arc turned, 
into Serpents, 1The Meaning of this Fable ibid. 
Caduceus, Mercury's Wand, deferibed 54 

Ca.'ca, one of the Titles of For tuna 356 

Cm cuius, a Robber, Vulcan's Son 160 

Ccents, a Woman that turned herfelf into a Man 236 

Calendars, Caprotina , Citheronia, Curis, Curitis, and Cin.xia, 
Names and 'Titles of Juno 91, 9 ~ 

Ccdijh , debauched by Jupiter under the Shape of Diana, 15. 

Turned 



I 1ST D £ X. 


‘ 259 

3 th<V 

239 

203 

*9 

2 77 
^no- 

ibid » 


.Turned intn a Bear, and makes a Conflellatlon x6 
Calliope, one of the Mufes 189 

Calunmy, worfhipped as a Goddefs 352 

Catnbyfes, punifhed for wounding Apis with his Sword 340 
Camillas, Ca/millus, or Cadmillus , one of the Names of 
Mercury 5 2- 

Camilli, and Camilla,.. all* Boys and .Girls under Age fo 
called ibid, 

Camawa, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 28$ 

Canephoria , Sacrifices offered to Bacchus , 68 

Canes, a Name of the Furies '■ 

Canopus, one of th e ^Egyptian Gods, fights with Tj'w 
God of the Chaldeans, and vanquifhes him 
Cant hams, Silenus‘ > s Jug, dele rib ed 
Capitolinus, a Title of Jupiter 
Gardua, an Jrloufhold Goddefs 

Carmenta (one of them) the fame with Themis, 193. 

ther, a famous Prophetefs o‘f Rome 
Carna, or Cartiea , a tutelar Goddefs;to new-born Infants 289 
Cajjtope, or CaJJiopeia, made a Conftellation ' 3 x5 

Gaftalides, the Mufes fo called 191 

Cajlor and Pollux, Twins,, their Birth, 309. Their A&ions, 
310. Share Immortality between them, ibid . Are made ■ 
the Conftellation Gemini . ... ibid, 

Catius, a tutelar God to adult Perfons 292 

Celano, one of the Harpyes, 271. And one of the Daugh¬ 
ters of Atlas • 324* 

Celejlial Gods, thofe of the higheft Dignity, 6. CeleftinI 
Nymphs 223 

Centaurs , half Men and half Horfes, 270. Overcome by 
Thcfeus 307 

Centipeda, one of the Titles of Jupiter 23 

Cephalus, carried by Aurora into Heaven, 134. Marries 
Procris, ibid. Kills her unawares 135 

Gcraanitts, one of the Titles of Jupiter 20 

Cerberus, a Dcfcription of him, 249. Conquer'd and brought: 

up from Hell by Hercules 300 

Ceres, her Image deferibed, 178. The ufcful Arts fiie taught 
Men . ^ {so 

Qhakea, Fefiivals in Honour of Fulcan 

Chantes, the three Graces, their Defceut, 125. ADefcrip- 
tion of them 

Charybdis p 



f 



Charybdis , a'ravenous Woman turned into a Gulph, 243* 
The Meaning of this Fable . ibid* 

Charon, the Ferry-Man of'Hell, a Defcription of him, 217. 
His OiEce ; ' \ ‘ ibid. 

Chajlity, worfhipped as a Goddefs # -345 

Cbinuera , a ftrange Monflcr, defcribed, 272. Killed by Bel- 
lerophon, 272, and '316., The Meaning of the Fable of 
the Chimasra ibid* 

Cbione , contemns Diana's Beauty, “and is therefore (hot thro' 

the Tongue 21 5 

Chloris, married to Zephyrus 2I 9 

Chiron, the Centaur, ‘his Parentage, is excellently fkilled in 
Phyfic, 3x7. Teaches this Art to JB/culapius , 319. 

Appointed Tutor to Achilles, ibid . Wounded by one of 
Hercules's Arrows, and dies of his Wound, ibid. Tranf- 

latedinto the Heavens, and made the Conftellation Sagit- 
tarius ibid; 


Circe, a very famous Sorcerefs, banifhed for poifoning her 
Hufbarid, 49., Falls in Love with Glaucus , and turns her 
Rival Scylla into a Sea-Monfter* ibid. Turns the Com¬ 
panions of Ulyjfes into Beafts. and reftores them again to 
their former Shapes, ibid. The Meaning of this Fable, ibid* 


Cithcsrides, or Cither.iades , the Mules fo called 191 

Claucina , one of the Names of Venus 11 1 

Clasvfoer* one of the Titles of Janus, ICO. Andofflir- 

cules - 297 

Claujius , or Clujius, one of the Names of Janus 151 

Clemency , worfhipped as a Goddefs 34? 

Clio , one of the Mufes 189 

Clitie, turned into a Sun-flower 35 

Clot bo, one of the Fates 25 S 

Clowns of Lycia, turned into Frogs by Latona, for muddying 
the Water while fhe was drinking *32 

Clytcmncjlra , kills her Hufband Agamemnon, and is kilied by 
her Son Qrejlts 313 

Clytoris , deflowered by Jupiter in the Shape of an Ant 15 
Cocytus, one of the Infernal Rivers 249 

Collin a, the God of the Hills 228 


Colofliis of Rhodes , one of the feven Wonders of the World, 


deferibed 45 

Gompitalitii , Compitalitia , or Coni pit alia. Games in Honour 
of th e. Lares, or Houfliold-Gods 280 

Compile Up 


1 



INDEX. 


Complices Dii, Hou/hold-Gods 278 

Concord, worfhipped as a Goddefs 347 

Cotifentes Dii, Superior Gods, 7. Alfa the Hou/hoJd-Gods 

271 

Confer<vator 9 one of Jupiter's Titles 24 

Confer'vatriXy one of the Titles of Fortune 356 

Co?ifus, one of the Names of Neptune, to whofe Honour 
Games were folemnized, called Conjualia, 233. Alfo a 
tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 291 

Contumely, worfhipped as a Goddefs 352 

Goronis, one of the Daughters of sit las 304 

Cortina , the fame with the Tripos in the Temple of Apollo at 
Delphis 3 9 

Cronia, Feil'ivals in Honour of Saiurst 143 

Cunia, and Garment a, tutelar Goddefles to new-born Infants 

288 

Cupid his Defcent, 123. Two different Cupids mentioned 
by the Poets, 124. His mighty Power, tho* a Boy ibid\ 
Curetes , Cory bant es , and Cabiri , Priefls of Cybele 177, 178 
Cujlos, one of the Titles of Jupiter 19 

Cybele, a Defcription of her Image, 170. Her Names, 
171. Her Sacrifices, 176. Her Priefls 177 

Cyclops , the Servants of Vulcan, 182. Detfroyed by Apollo 32 
Cyllenius, one of the Names of Mercury 5 6 

Cynthius , one of Apollo's Titles 36 

Cyparijfus , a very beautiful Youth turned into a Cyprefs -Tree 

33> 203 

Cypris, Cypria , Cyprogenia, Cythcris , Cytberca , and Calva, 
Names of Venus \ 1 r 

Cpv/Ps Palace, one of the feven Wonders of the World 46 

D. 


/) Afdalus, a famous Artificer, an Account of his Inven¬ 
tions, $0. Is fiiut up in the Labyrinth, but flies out 
of it with artificial Wings 46 

D<emon Bonus, Dithyrambus, Dionyfius, Dionyfus, Names of 

Bacchus 6 2 

Bcemon Bonus , one of the Titles of Priapus 20 5 

Dauae, corrupted by Jupiter »in the form of a Golden Show¬ 
er, 14., 314. Afterwards married to King Pihwmus ibid. 
Hon a ides, fifty Daughters of Danaus , punifhed in Hell for 

B b killing 



INDEX. 

killing their Hulbands on the Wedding-Night 264 
Daphne, turned into a Laurel 34 

Dea Syria, one of the Titles of Venus in 

Death, worlhipped as a Goddefs 3 its Defcription. 261 
Decima, one of the Fates 258 

Dei antra, the Wife of Hercules, occafions his Death 303 
Delius, Delphicus, Delphinaus, Didynicsas, Names o£ Apollo 37 
Delos, at firfl a Woman, then a floating Ifland, afterwards a 
fix£d one, called alfo Ortygia 130 

Deucalion, King of Theffaly, reftores the Race of Mankind 
•deftroyed by a Deluge, 367. The Meaning of this Fable 

ibid, 

De'verra, a tutelar Goddefs to breeding Women 286 
Diana, her Image defcribed, 209. The fame with the 
Moon, 210. Her Temple at Ephefus, one of the feven 
Wonders of the World 5 45. One of the Nuptial God- 
deffes • 284 

Diana Lucina, a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
Diana 'Taurica, a Goddefs to whom Men and Women were 
offered in Sacrifice 

Didiymta, one of the Names of Diana 
Dies, and Diefpiter , Names of Jupiter . 

DU majorum Gentium, the fuperior Deities 
DU muiorum Getitium, the fub or din ate Deities 


/’ 


3*3 

215 

22 

7 

277 


DU Indigetes, and Adfcriptitii, Gods that once were Men 


7 


DU Funerum, the Gods prefidipg over the Dead 
Dindytnene, and D indy me. Names of Cybele 
Diomcdes, a Tyrant of Thrace, fubdued by Hercules, 
given for Food to his Horfes 
Diotiyjius, or Dionyfus , Names of Bacchus 
Dionyfia, Feftivals in Honour of Bacchus 
Dir#, the Names of the Furies 
Dis, one of the Names of Pluto 
Di/cord, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Dodona's Grove 
Dodoneus , a Name of Jupiter 
Dolius, a Name of Mercury 
J)omtduca v one of the Titles of Juno 
Domiducus, and Domitius, two of the Nuptial Gods 
Domina , or Defpoina , one of the Titles of Profcrpinc 
Doris, a Sea-Nymph 
Dr Games, by what Paffage falfe ones, and by what Ways true 
' ones 


294 

293 

172 

and 

299 

62 

69 

252 

251 

353 

20 

i bid. 

57 

284 

ibid, 

254 

224 



2 6 z 

274 



I N D EX 

ones are conveyed to Men 
Druids, Priefts among the Gauls' 

Dryades, Nymphs of the Woods 


E. 

% 

V 

J? C-HO, debauched by Pan, 199. Pines away for Love 

of Narciffus - 22 6 

Edttca , or Edufa, a tutelar Goddels to new-born In¬ 
fants 289 

Egeria, one of Juno's Titles, 92. - Aifo a tutelar Goddefs 
to Women in Labour 287 

Eleftra, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 

Elzcius, a Name of 'Jupiter- 
Elens , Eleleus, Eleutberius , Names of Bacchus 
Eloides , Nymphs of Bacchus 
Elcufitiia, one of the Names of Ceres, 185. 

Sacrifices to Geres ; Minora to Proferpina • . 

Elyfiati Fields, defcribed 
JL??ipufcs, the Gorgons, a Defcription of them 
E?zdymion , a Gallant to the Moon 
E?i<vy, worlhipped as a Goddefs 
Enialius , one of the Titles of Mars 

Ephialtes , one of the Giants that warred againft Heaven 265 
Epilcenea, Sacrifices offered to Bacchus 67 

Epijlr- phia, a Ndme of Vestas 114 

Equejlris, one of the Titles of Fortune ■ 35 7 

Erato, one of the Mufes 189 

Ergatis, one of the Names of Minerva 102 

Erichthoneus , Erichtheus , or Erichthonicus , the Son of Vulcan 

157 

Erifuhthon > punifhed with perpetual Hunger, fo that he 
devours his own Flefti 184 

Erynnis , a common Name to the Furies 259 

Eros, one of the Names of Cupid 124 

Erycvta, a Name of Venus III 

fit codes, and PoJyniccs, Brothers that bore the greatell Hatred 
to each other; they killed each other, 2^4*. They are put 
on the fame funeral Pile to be burnt, and the Flame.div ides 

274 

Evibus, Eweb us, E'Vcm, and Euchius , -Names of Bacchus 

6 2, 63 

En me Hides, the Names of the Furies ^ • 259 

B b 2 Euphrojyue 


63, 64 
225 
Majora, 
ibid. 

2 75 

272 

213 

35 1 

81 



INDEX. 


Euphrofyne, one of the Graces ^ . I2 > 

Exropa , carried away by Jupiter in the Shape of a. white Bull 

16 

Euryale, one of the Gorgons 27 t 

Euterpe , or Enter pi a, one of the Mufes 190 


F. 

P 4 barite Calender, the firft Day of June 
. Fabulinus, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 
Faith , worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Fame, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Fajcelisy a Title of Diana Fauric a 
Fafcinum, one of the Names of Priapns 
Fates, a Defcription of the Three, 257. 

258. Their Names and Offices 
Fauns, the fame as Satyrs, Rural Gods 


280 
ibid . 

343 

334 

3 1 3 

206 

Their Defcent, 

ibid. 
204 


205 

173 

358 

ibid. 
252 


20 


Faunas , or Fatuellus, the Hu {band of Fauna or Fat u ell a, 
., both were fkilled in Prophecy 
Fauna, and Fatua, Names of Cybele 
Fear, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Fever, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Februus, one of the N ames of fYa/a 
Februa, Sacrifices offered to appeafe the Ghoft of departed 
Friends, 252. Alfo one of the Nuptial GoddefTes 286 
Februalis, Februata, Februa, Februla , and Fluonia, Names 
and Titles of Juno 93 

Ferculus, one of the Houfhold-Gods 277 

Feretrius, a Name of Jupiter 
Feronia, a Goddefs of the Woods 2zo 

Ferula, the Walking-ftaff of Silenus Z03 

FeJJonia , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 348 

Fidelity, worfhipped as a Goddefs 290 

Flamen Pomonatis, a Prieft that only ferves Pomona 221 
Flora, the Goddefs of Flowers, deferibed, 219. One of the 
GoddefTes of Corn 

Florales, or Floralia, Feafts in Honour of her 
Florida, one of Juno's Titles 
Fluviaks, Nymphs of the Rivers 
Fornax, one of the Goddefies of Corn 
Fortune, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Fors, Fovttina, or Fort is For tuna. Names of Fortune 
Fraud, worfhipped as a Goddefs 


229 
219 

224 

230 

35 6 

357 
353 



* 


INDEX. 

Fid gens, and Fulminatory Names of Jupiter 20, 2$ 

Funeral Deities 293 

Furies , a Defcription of the Three, 259. Their Defcenr, 
ibid. Why three in Number, ibid. The Office of them, 
260. What is meant by the Fable of the Furies ibid . 

Fury , worfliipped as a Goddefs 354 

G. 

QAlathis, turned into a Weafel 361 

Galaxia, the Milky-way in the Heavens^ why fo called 

290 

Galliy the Priefts of Cybele, their mad Behaviour, 171. The 
Reafbn of their Name, and the Offices they were employ¬ 
ed in ^ *75>&f e 7* 

Ganymede , carried from Mount Ida to Heaven by Jupiter, 

in the Shape of an Eagle 16 

Gates, in the Palace of Somtius , one of Ivory , thro’ which 
falfe Dreams pafs ; the other of Horn , thro* which true 
Villons come 262 

Gemini , one of the Conftellations in Heaven the fame with 
Cajior and Pollux 311 

Genitor, G rag os, and. Grap/zus , Names of Jupiter 2 1 

Genii , the Guardian Angels of Men, 281. Sometimes the 
fame with the Lares , 282. Or with the Damons, 283. 
Their Images, ibid. Sacrifices, and the Offerings to 
them, ibid . Bonus Genus, worfhipped as a God 284 
Genius, one of the Names of Priapus 207 

Geniul Day, the Birth-Day ; Genial Bed, the Marriage-Bed: 

Genial Life , a Life of Senfuality and Pleafure '281 

Gcryon, a Monitor with three Bodies, 270. Overcome by 
Hercules . 300 

Giants, endeavour to depofe Jupiter , but are deltroycd by 
him 264 

Glaucopis, one of the Titles of Minerva 104 

Glaucus, a Fiihcrman, made a Sea-God 238 

GnoJJis, one of the Names of Ariadne 307 

Golden Age, defcribed by Virgil and Ovid 141 

Golden FUecc, a Defcription of it 304 

Gorgons, the Names and Defcription of them 27 1 

Graces, three Sifters, their Defcent, 1 25. A Defcription. 

of them ibid. 

Grace-cup, filled with Wine and Water, and drank off to 

B b 3 the 



I N D E X. 


. the Sonus Genius 

Gradivus , one of the Titles of "Mars 
Greek Letters, by whom invented . 


H. 


35o 

80 

l 7 


JET Ades, one of the Names of Pluto _ 251 

•* ^ Hares Mania , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 


291 

3*4 

222 

359 

271 

34 ** 

88 


Halcyotte , one of the Daughters ot Atlas 
Hamadryades , Nymphs of the Woods 
Harpocrates, the God of Silence 
Harpyes, their Names and a Defcription of them 

worfhipped as a Goddefs 

Hebe, the Goddefs of Youth, her Birth and Office r 

Difgraces herfelf by an unlucky Fall, and is turned out of 
her Office ibid* 

Hecate , why Diana was called by this Name 211,213 
Helena , the moll beautiful Virgin in the World, runs away 
with Paris, 122. After his Death marries his Brother 
Deiphobus, ibid . She betrays him to Menelaus, and fo 
becomes reconciled to him ibid. 

Helicon, the Mufes Mount 315 

lieliconides, or Helicon ades, tile Mufes fo called 195 

Hell, deferibed 245 

Helle, drowned in that Sea which from her is iince called the 
Hellefpont . 304 

Helle/pontiacus , one of the Titles of Priapus 206 

Herat a. Sacrifices offered to Juno 91 

Hercules, his Birth, 296. His Names, 295. His Labours, 
287, His Death 303 

Hercule , Hercle , Hercules , an Oath taken only by Men, 
whereas Women ufed the Oath JEcaftor 311 

Herns*e, Statues of Mercury , fet up for the Dire&ion of 
Paffengevs and Travellers 56 

Hermaphroditus , and Sabiacis, made into one Perfon, called 
an Hermaphrodite 55 

Hcrmathettce , Images ufed among the Romans 57 

Hermes , one of Mercury *s Names 56 

Hcnnione , the Daughter pf Mars and Venus, 81, Promiled 
to Orejlcs , but married to Pyrrhus 3 1 z 

Heftotte, the Daughter of King Laowedott, delivered from a 
Sca-Monftcr by Her cults 302 

Hcjper , 



I N D E X. 


He/fer, Hefperus , or Hefperugo , the Brother of Atlas , turned 
into an Evening-Star . 326 

Hefperides, the three Daughters of Hefperus y ibid . In their 
Garden golden Apples grew, over which a Dragon kept 
Watch. Hercules deftroys the Dragon, and takes away 
the Fruit 303, 326 

Hindy with brazen Feet and golden Horns, hunted and 
caught by Hercules ' 300 

Hippius, and Htppodromus, Names of Neptune 233 

Hippocampiy Sea-Horfes that drew Neptune's Chariot, de- 
feribed ibid. 

Hi'ppocrcne, the Mufes Fountain 315 

Hippocrenidesy the Mufes fo called 191 

Hippolytusy the Son of H’bfeus, of exemplary Chhflity, is 
killed by a Fall from his Chariot, and reftored to Life 
by JEfculapius ' 308 

Hippolytey Queen of the Amazons - 299 

Hippomeney and Ataln7ita 9 two Lovers, their Misfortuiies> 
119.- Are both turned into Lions 120 

Hipponay a Goddefs prefiding over Horfes and Stables 228 
HippontiSy the Name of Sellerophon 3 1 5 

Hippotadesy one of the Names of y£olus 164. 

Hipfypbiley Queen of Lemnos 7 has Twins by Jafoiiy and is 
forfaken by him 304 

Hircusy the reputed Father of Orion .334 

Homogynosy a Name of Jupiter 21 

Ho?ioriusy a tutelar God to adult,Perfons 292 

Honour , worfhipped as a God 342 

Hope, found at the Bottom of Pandora's Box, 158, 320, 344* 
Worfhipped as a Goddefs 343 

Hoplofmia.y one of Juno's Titles 93 

Horia, or Hora, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfbiis 290 
Hortenfsy one of the Titles of Vetuis 
Horns , one of the Names of the Sun 
Hofiliua, one of the GoddefTes of Corn 
Hoursy their Defcent, and how they are employed 
Hyacinthusy killed by Apolloy with a Quoit 
Hyades, feven of Alias's Daughters 
Ilyas , the Son of Atlasy devoured by a Lion 
Hydra , killed by Hercules 

HygU'i 7, or Sani/as, Health, the Daughter of Alfadapt us 

3 1 9 

Hylas t a great Favourite of Hercules 3 oz 

B b 4 Hyme- 


11 2 

44 

220 ' 

44 
. 33 
.324 

. 32 ?, 
298 



I N I> E. X. 


Hymcnasus, the God of Marriage 


123 


I. 


« 

I 


Ac thus, one of the Names of Bacchus 63 

Janus ,,his Image defcribed, 148,151. His Names and 
Actions, 148. In all Sacrifices, Prayers are firfl offered 
to him, 151. His Temple open in Time of War, but 
fhut in Time of Peace, 153- The Meaning of the 
Fable of Janus 154 

yarns, a tutelar God to new-born Infants 288 

Jani, a Place at Rome, where Ufurers and Stock-Jobbers 
4 . ufe to meet 148 

Janitor, one of the Titles of Janus 151 

Jantbe, the Wife of Ip bis 338 

JaJo, the Daughter of JEfcu/apius 3 19 

JaJon, his Birth, 303. Makes an Expedition to fetch the 
Golden Fleece, ibid . .Debauches the Queen of Le?nnos. 
Gains the Fleece by the Afliflance of Medea, whom he 
therefore marries, 304. But afterwards hates and for- 

fakes her ... 3 °S 

Icarus, flies with artificial Wings. The Sun melts the Wax 
of them, fo that he falls into the Sea, and is drowned 50 
Ida a Mater, one of Cybele* s Names 
Idai Daftyli, Priefts of Cybe/e 
Idalia , one of Ve?im s Names 
Idolatry , whence it had its Rife, 2. 
firfl exercifcd 

Idolater, who was the firfl 
Imperator, a Name of yupiter 
Impudence , worfhipped as a Goddefs 
I?me bis, a Name of /o, or Ifis 

Indigctcs Dii , Gods of an inferior Rank and Dignity 
Ino, one of the Sea-Goddeffes 
Intcrcidona, a tutelar Goddefs to breeding Women 
Intcrduca, one of Juno's Titles 
hmus, and Incubus , Names of Pan , 

Io, Jupiter's Intrigue with her, 88. She turned into a Cow 
89. After her Death, worfhipped by the Egyptians and 
called IJis 336 

lalatis, an old Man reflored to his Youth again 299 
loh, Hercules falls in Love with her 303 

Iphidus, the Son of Ampbitryo and Aktnena 29 j 

Ipbigcnia, 


1 74 

178 

112 

In what Place it was 

3 

ibid . 

21 

35 z 
238 

7 

238 

286 

9 Z 

197 



I N- D E X. 

Ipbigenia 9 is carried to be facrificed to Diana Taurica, but 
is fpared, and made her Prieilefs 313 

I phis, a beautiful Virgin, turned into a Man, and marries 
Ianthe . - *.* t '**- - '338 

Iris, the .Servant of Juno , her Parentage and Offices, 87. 

Never fent but to promote Strife and Dj/Tenfion 88 
Iringes, the Daughter of Pan . 199 

Ifu , a Goddefs, worfhipped by the Egyptians , called alfo Io 9 

33 ^> 337 

Judges of Hell, their Names and Characters ' 262 

Juga, one of Juno’s Titles 93 

Jugatinus , one of the Nuptial Gods ' 284 

Juno, violated by Jupiter 9 in the. Shape of a Crow,' 14. 

, Her image defcribed; her Birth - and Parentage*' 86. 

Where born, ibid . Her Children, 88.- Her feveral 
, Names, 91. Jealoufy her notorious Fault*'88. The 
Signification of the Fable of Juno 95 

Juno Inferna 9 a Name of Proferpina 254 

Juno hucina 9 a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
Juno Cinxia , Perfefia 9 or Adult a, one of the Nuptial God- 
defles . ... • 284 

Junones , the Guardian Angels.of Women. 96 

Junouius , one of the Titles of Janus 150 

Jupiter , many of them, and of different Parentage iz 
The famoufefl the Son of Saturn , ibid. A Defcription 
of his Image, 10. Where born, and by whom educated, 
12. His War with the Giants, 13. His fhameful De¬ 
baucheries, 14. His feveral Names, 18. His Statue at 
Olympia 9 one of the feven Wonders of the World, 46. 
The Signification of the Fable of Jupiter 26 

Jupiter Secundus, a Name of Neptune 25 z 

Jupiter Tertiusy Infernus y Stygius 9 a Name of Pluto ibid* 
Jupiter Per fell us, feu Adultus , one of the Nuptial- God' 

Jujlice 9 worfhipped as a Goddefs 34 + 

Jwventus, or Juventas, a tutelar Goddefs to Youth9 290 
Ixion, attempts to ravifh Juno, and begets the Cf*t<* urr * 
Mis Pimifhment in Hell 267 


J ^Ahyrintb, made by Dad aim 
■ Lachfuy one of the 


258 
.acini a , 



I' N: D E X. 


• « 


L acini a? Latina, and Lucilia , Titles of Juno, 93. A tutelar 
. Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 

LaSlura, and Laffucina, one of the God defies ofCorn 229 
Lamzce, Gorgans , a Defcription of them 271 

Laomedon, King of breaks the Promife he had made to 
; Hercules , wherefore Hercules defrays Troy 302 
Lapis, or LapidettSy Titles of Jupiter 21 

Lares', domeftic Gods, their D&cent,.' 279. Worfhipped in 
-the Roads or Streets 280 

liar aria. Places.where Sacrifices were offered to the Lares 

' ibid* 

Hater anus, one of the Koufhold-Gods 284 

Lalialis, a Title of Jupiter < 21 

Latium 9i ax\d Latini, Italy and Italians, fb called 140 

Latona, Jupiter falls in Love with her, and has by her Apollo 

.- and Diana• ■: .* »-•* ..v. . • - • - 130 

Lanjerna, the Goddefs of Thieves 291 

Lautia, the Name of fuch Prefents as are made to Strangers 

■’ * • • ■*. ’ ■ • 2? 

Learcbus ,, killed .by his Father Atbamas 238 

Leda, abufed by 'Jupiter, in the Shape of a Swan, 15. The 
. ^Manner of her Birth, her Intrigues With Jupiter, and the 
- (Children fhe had by-him 310 

Lemhziades, Nymphs of the Meadows and Fields- f 224 
Lenaz, Priefleffes of Bacchus ’ '* " 6 7 

Le flatus. Liber Pater, Liber Lyre us, Lyjtm, Names of Bacchus 

; 63,61. 


68 
276 
288 
240 
23 8 

34 

254 

349 


Le nestis, the Month of January fo called • 

Lethe, a,River of Hell deferibed 
Lanjana, tutelar*Goddefs to new-born Infants 
Lewq/Ja, one of the Syrens - • • ' ‘ 

Leucothea, the fame with I no, a Sea-Goddefs 
Kp.ucot.hdfi, -turned into a Tree* bearing F-rankincenfe 
^\r, one of the Names of Prcferpina 

worfhipped as a Godclefs ’ uiy 

b'tbztna, tile Goddefs of FUnerals> 293. Alfo the Grave 

ibid . 
293 

240 
224 

337 

2 59 
22 

Lucifer .» 


ufef 

> 1 

\bitznatit t Officers that buried the Dead 
£? ra * °*ie of tile Syrens 

Nymphs of the Lakes and Ponds 

Li/Ia/ 1 ' ; l Titlc of U* s 

i//^*V/V/.r omfca , ccol,ntc ^ a founh Fury 
' * " >nc oi the Titles of Jubiter 

5 



I- N 



• 


e x; 


Lucifer, the Evening-Star • . 326 

hucitta, one of the Names of Diana , 214. A tutelar God- 
v defs to Women in Labour 287 

Luna 9 the fame with Diana, 2 11 . Why Diana was called 
by this Name 212 

Lupercus, one of the Names of Pan 1 97 

Luperci, Pan’s Priefts ibid* 

Luperealia, Pan’s Sacrifices ibid* 

Lycaon, King of Arcadia, turned into a Wolf by Jupiter * 
for his monftrous Impiety * 14, 

Lycian Clowns , turned into Frogs by Latona > for muddying 


the Water whilft fhe was drinking 
Lycurgus , cuts off his own Legs 
Lygdnsp the Father of Iphis 


M. 


132 

70 

337 


62 

324 

35 s 
3S7 

287 

284 

2S5 

357 



Ji/f AFnades, Bacchus's Companions 
Macbaotty the Son of AS/culapius 
Maia 9 one of the Daughters of Atlas 
Malay one of the Titles of Fortune 
Mammofa, one of the Titles of Fortune 
Manageneta, a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 
Manes 7 the Genii, or Guardians of Mankind 
Mantuma, one of the Nuptial GoddefTes 
Mafcula, one of the Titles of Fortune 
Maturely one of the GoddefTes of Com 
Matutay the fame with Leucothea, or I no, one of the Nuptial 
GoddefTes 285 

Mari na 9 MelatitSy Mel tents % Mtretrix, Migonitis, and Mur¬ 
cia , Names of Venus 112,113 

Marins Nymphs, 213. Marine Gods 231 

Mars, his Image deferibed, 76, 77. His Defcent, 78. 
His feveral Names, 79. The Story of his Son Terctts, 83. 
His Adultery with Venus, 81. Sacrifices offered to him 85 
Marfyas, challenges Apollo in Mufick, is overcome by him, 
and turned into a River 35 

Marti us y a Title of Jupiter 22 

Manors, one of Mart's Names 79 

Mm joins, his Tomb, one of the (even Wonders of the 
World, deferibed 46 

Medea, a wonderful Sorccrcfs, the Wife of Jafon, her Ex¬ 
ploits 30 j 

Midi- 



I N D 




Meditrina, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 

Meditrinalia, Sacrifices offered tp her ibid . 

Medu/a, her Hair changed into Snakes, ici. Her Head 
- fixed on Minerva s Shield, 96. One of the Gorgons 271 
Megtera, one of the Furies 259 

Mehercules, Mehercule, an Oath ufed only by Men 314 
Me/eager, his Adventures .. .. - 216 

Melies, Nymphs of the Fields 224 

Melicerta, made a Sea-God 238 

Meleius, one of the Names of Hercules 300 

Mellona, the Goddefs of Honey 230 

Melpometie, one of the Mufes 1&9 

Memnon, killed by Achilles , in a Duel, 135. Turned in/o 
a Fountain that once in a Year flows with Blood, ibid. 
His Body turned into a Bird ibid. 

Metnnonian Birds, deferibed ibid. 

Memnon's Statue utters mufical Sounds ibid. 

% • , 

Me?ia , one of the Nuptial Goddefles 286 

Mentha, Pluto's Miflrefs, turn’d into Mint . 256 

Mercury , his Image deferibed, 51. His Parentage, his Of¬ 
fices and Qualities 52 

Mercy, worfhipped as a Goddefs 345 

Merope, one of the Daughters of Atlas, married to Sijyphui 

325 

Metre, Mejlra, or Mef.re, the Daughter of Erijichton, one 
that could transform herfelf into any Shape 236 

Matron, Sacrifices offered up to Cyhele lyz 

Midas, gives an unjufi Sentence again it Apollo, for which his 
Ears are turned into the Ears of an Afs, 35. His Cove- 
toufnefs proves his Ruin 65 

Milky IF ay , in the Heavens, how made 290 

MimaVoneSs Attendants on Bacchus 61 


Minerva, a Defc notion of her Image, 96. Why fhe car¬ 
ries Medufa the Gorgon s Head on her Shield, ibid. &C, 
97, Why (tho* the Goddefs of War, yet) crowned with 
Olive, 98, Her Contention with Neptune, about naming 
► Athtns . ibid . Her Birth, ibid. Her fcvcral Names, 99. 

The Meaning of the Fable of Minerva 104 

Minos, one of the Infernal Judges 262 

Minotaur, deferibed, 150. Overcome b y Thcfvus 306 

Minufatlarii Dii , Gods of an inferior Rank and Dignity 7 
Minutii Dii, Gods of the low ell Order and Rank 8 

Mirth, worfhipped as a Goddefs 350 

JMifccllanei 



INDEX 


Mifcellanel Dii, Gods of the loweft Rank and Degree 5 
Mitbra, one of the Names of the Sun , 44 

Momus, cenfures and fnarles at the Actions "of all the Gods 

16S 

Mon eta, one of Juno's Titles 94 

Money, worfhipped as a Goddefs 3 49 

Mofes , by fome thought to be' meant by Bacchus 70 

Morpheus, the Servant of Somnus, he brings to People their 
Dreams 262 

Mors, a Defcription of her z6x 

Morta, one of the Fates 25.$ 

Mulciber , or Mulcijer, a Name of Vulcan 236 

Murcia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 

Mufcarius, one of the Titles of Jupiter 22 

Mufes, their Birth and Character, 217. Their Names 


Mujtca, one of the Titles of Minerva 
Munitus, one of the Nuptial Gods 


Their Names 

189 
10 3 


Myrrha, commits Abomination with her Father, and is 
turned into a Tree 115, 126 


N. 


MA tides, PriefiefTes of Bacchus 67 

Naicules and Naides, Nymphs of the Fountains 2Z4 
A J cip<£<c, Nymphs of the Groves and Vallies zbid m 

Barciffus, falls in Love with his own Pi&ure, 227. Pines 
away, and is turn’d into a Daffodil 228 

Nafcio , or Nat to , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 

288 


Behredcs, one of the Names of Bacchus 71 

A 'cccjjity, worfhipped as a Goddefs 358 

Ban a'an Lion, killed by Hercules 298 

Brnejis, one of the Goddefles of Juflice, 195. Violated 
by Jupiter , in the Shape of a Goofe 298 

Neptune , his Image deferibed, 231. His Defcent, 232. 
Marries Amp by trite, ibid . His remarkable Actions, 233 
TIis Children 235 

Bereus, a Sea-God, 224. A famous Prophet 238 

Nereides and Ncriu<r, Sea - Ny ni ph s 224 

Berio, or Nerione, the Wife of Mars 79 

Be Jus, the Centaur, killed by Hercules 303 


Nhepborusi 



I N D E X,' 


♦ * 

flicephorus, one o£ Jupiter's Titles ' , zz 

flight, the ancienteft of all the Gods ' 261 

'Nimrod, the fame with Bacchus ' y 0 

Ninus 9 King of AJJyria , the firft Idolater 73 

Niobe 7 ruined by her Pride and Self-Conceit, S30. Is flu- 
pified with,Grief for the Lo& of all her Children, and 
: „ turned into a Stone 131 

Nifaus, one of Bacchus's Names 64 

fli/us, turned into,a Sparrow-Hawk • - 242 

Ntxii Dii, tutelar Gods to Women iri Labour ' 288 

Nodojufy one of the Gods of Corn 229 

flomtusy one of the Names of Apollo> 30, 38. As alfo of 
Arzflaus 207 

Nova, one of the Fates 258 

Norvenfiles Dii , Gods brought to Rome , by the Sabines 8 
Nox, theancienteftof all the Gods .261 

Nubigencs , the Centaurs fo called 270 

flumeria 9 a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 201 

Nundinay a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 

Nuptiality one of Jano's Titles 54 

NyBilius, one of the Names of Bacchus 64 

Niflymene, for committing Inceft with her Father turned in¬ 
to an Owl 115 

Nymphagetes, one of the Names of Neptune 224 

Nymphs, celeftial, terreftrial, and marine 2.23 


258 

8 

. 261 
270 
201 
289 

9 * 


O. 

QBfequens, one of the Titles of Fortune 357 

Qccator , the God of Harrowing 229 

Oceonusy one of the Sea Gods 239 

Oceanitides, or Oceania, Sea-Nymphs 224 

Qcypete y one of the Harpyes 271 

Oedipus, kills his Father, and marries his own Mother, falls 
diftra&ed, and tears out his own Eyes 173 

Olympius , Qpitulss , Opitulator, Names and Titles of Jupi¬ 
ter 23 

Omphahy Queen of Lydia, makes Hercules /It among the 
Maids, and fpin 303 

Open us, one of* the Names of Pluto 173 

Open uni y the Place where Cy helps Sacrifices called Opcrta- 
nea, were o fib red up 173 

Op f r t one of the Titles of Apollo 31 

Opigcna, 



INDEX. 


Opigena, one of Juno’s Titles 94. 

Opts, one of the Names of Diana, 214. A tutelar God-; 

defs to new-born Infants 288 

Ops, one of the Names of Cybele 173 

Orbona , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons . 29X 

Orcus 9 or Ouragus, Names of Pluto . ' . . 253 

Orcades , and Orefliades, Nymphs of the Hills 224 

Qrejles , kills his Mother Clytemnejlra, and her Gallant 
JEgiflbus, 312. And afterwards Pyrrhus, for marrying 
his Sweet- heart Hcrmione ibid\ 

Qrgya, Feafts in Honour of Bacchus , 69. Alfo Sacrifices 
to Cybele .175 

Orion , 3 iis flrange Birth, 334. Killed for his Arrogance 
by a Scorpion, and made a Conftellation. ibid? 

Orpheus , his Parentage, his amazing Skill in Mufic, 327. 
Whereby he overcomes the Syrens , 240. . And brings 
Eurydice, his Wife, from Hell, but lofes her agaip,, ibid. 
Refolves never .more to marry, for which he is torn in 
Pieces by the Matiades, ibid. His Harp made aConllel- 
lation, 328. The Meaning of this Fable ibid. 

Ortygia, why the Ifland Delos was called by that Name 


, * 3 ° 

Of cilia, fmall Images of Bacchus , hung on Tree? while his 
Feflivals were folemnizing 69 

Ofcophoria, Sacrifices to Bacchus 67 

Ofris , King of the Argi<ves,. His Parentage, 33 Quits 
his Kingdom, and travels intp Egypt where lie marries 
lo , ibid. Killed by his Brother i'ypbcn , and is tranllated 
among the Gods, ibid . By many thought to be the fame 
with Bacchus 65 

Offilago, a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 

Othus , one of the Giants that warred againlt Heaven 265 


P. 


T> AE A N, Phccbus , Py thins. Names of Apollo 39 

* Pamelas, a River whofcSand is golden 66 

falamon, one of the Sea Gods, 238. The fame with 
Meli <vert a ibid. 

PalcncJ's , Pallor , worfhipped a3 a God 358 

Pales , the Goddefs of Shepherds 21 S 

Palilia , or Par'd a. Sacrifices offered up to Pales ibid 1 

Pallas, one of the Names of Miner va 100 

Valla -- 



I N D E X. 

Palladium, an Image of Minerva that fell from Heaven i oo 
Pallant ids, one of the Names of Aurora 134. 

Pan, the Chief of the Rural Gods, 1 06. His Defcenl, 197. 
. The Defcription of his Image, ibid* The Meaning of 
: the Fable of Pan, 19B, His Actions and Inventions 199 
Panic Fears, what they are; and whence fo called 298 
Pandora, the firft of Women-kind made by Vulcan 158. 

Her Box, ibid* The Mifchiefs that came from thence oa 
Mankind 320 

Pantheon, its Defcription 1 

Paphia, a Title of Venus 1x3 

Faroe, why the Fates fo called 257 

Paris, his Defcent and Birth, 120. Determines who is the 
, xnoft beautiful of Ju?io, Minerva, and Vc?ius, 121. Runs 
away with Helena, the faired Woman that ever was, who 
. had been betrothed to Menelaus , 122. This occaftons the 
. War between the Greeks and ‘Trojans , which concludes in 
the Dedru&ion of Troy , after which Paris was killed by 


• Philo&etes 122 

ParnaJJides , the Mufes fo called 191 

Par the?ws, Partbenia , Perfetla, Populonia, Populona, and 
Pronuba, Names and Titles of Juno 94 

Parthenopc , one of the Syrens 240 

Partunda, or Pertwida , one of the Nuptial GoddelTes 285 
Pajipbae, falls in Love with a Bull, and brings forth the 
Minotaur , 50. The Meaning of this Fable ibid. 

Paftthea , one of Cybele’s Names xyz 

Pafttboe 9 one of the Daughters of Atlas, turned into a Star 

PateYmea, one of the GoddelTes of Corn 229 

Patellarii Dit\ Gods of the lowed Order and Rank 8 
Pat tile ins, or Fatulacius, one of the Names of Jatius, 152; 

1.53 

Pavmtia, a tutelar Goddefs of Infants 289 

Pavor , worflupped as a God 358 

Peace, wor(hipped as a Goddefs 347 

Pevafus, the Mufes Horfe, his Birth and Defcription, 315 
Is caught and rode upon by Bcllerophon, 316. Is placed 
in Heaven among the Stars ibid . 

Pemftdcs, the Mufes fo called 291 

Peltas, his Daughters pull him to Pieces 105 

Pellonia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Ferfons 91 


Penates, 



INDEX. 


3 


Penates, Houfhold Gods, 277, Three Ranks and Degree 
of them, 278. Penates , fometimes fimply taken for an 
Houfe, 279,. Defcription of their Images ibid „ 

Penelope , the Wife of XJlyffes , a moil remarkable Example of 

Chaftity ^ ^ 3J3 

Pentheus , torn to Pieces by his Mother and Sifted _ 70 

Per/a , a Tree dedicated to ffarpo crates, the God of Silence 

. - ^ 359 

Per/eus , his Defcent, 313. Receives great Prefectsfrqjtt the 

Gods, 314. Delivers Andromeda from the Sea-Monller* 

and marries her; conquers the Gorgans, flrikesoff MeAuJa 7 s 

Head, and therewith turns .Atlas into a Rock, At length 

he, Andromeda , and his Mother CaJJtopcia are made Con- 

. ftellations ^ 31^, &feq. 

Periclimenus , one that could transform himfelf into any 

Shape, 236. -Killed by Hercules in the Shape of a Fly ibid. 

Peffinuntia , a Gqddefs whole Image was only a fhapelef? 

Stone, 114. .. One of the Names of Cyhele *75 

Phaedra folicits her Son Hippelytus to Wickednefs, hue 

in vain 308 

Phaeton , the Son'of Sol, obtains Leave to driye the Chariot 

of the Sun for one Day, 47* Overthrows it, and thereby 

fets on Fire the Heaven and the Earth, 48* Is by Jupiter 

n - t i _ 1 _rni_1_• _ n *__ O. ^ j L • J 


1 _ V 

ftriick dead for it by Thunder into the River Po 
His Sillers turned into Poplar-Trees 
The Meaning of th.is Fable . . 

Phalli , Images let up in Honour of Bacchus 


ibid , 
ibid. 

49 

73 

2QQ 

73 

37 

2 IC 


Phallus > one of the Names of Priapus 
Phallica, Fealts in Honour of Bacchus 

? haita/us> one of Naracs 

hilamon , a famous Lutanill t 

Phhgethoiiy or Periphkgcthon ; one of the Infernal Rivers 

Phkgyas 9 burns the Temple .of Apollo, and is remarkably 
punilhed for it in Hell 267 

Phorcus, or Phorcys , one of Neptune* s Sons, 235 

PhoJphorus, the Evening-Star. ,3*6 

P*Vm the Tide of. Harpocrates, the God of Silenc^ 

359 

P*V*wj««r, a Rural God 229 

Pieridesy or Pierian, the Mufes fo called 191 

Pietyy wovfhipped as a Goddcfs ' 344 

C c Pilumnus, 



INDEX. 


BilumnuSy one of the Gods of Corn, Z30; A tutelar God of 
breeding Women 286 

Pirithous, the intimate Friend to Thefeus a torn to Pieces by 
Cerberus - 307 

Fiji or 9 Plugins, Predator, Names of Jupiter - 23 

Plebeii Dei, Gods of the lowed; Order S 

Pleiades, feven Daughters of Atlas ■ 324 

Why they had this Name ibid. 

Pleione, the Wife of Atlas ibid . 

Plenauris, one of the Daughters of Atlas ibid . 

PLto , the King of Hell, defcribed, 250. Steals away Pro* 
ferpine, 251, 254. His feveral Names, 252. His Office 
and Power. 253 

Plutusy the God of Riches, defcribed 254 

Podalirius, the Son of JEfculapius 3 1 9 

Pc£7ta, accounted a Deity by the ^Ethiopians 29 z 

Pollux and Cajlor , Twins, their Birth, 309. Their A&ions, 
31 o. They fhare Immortality between them, and are 
made the Conflellation Gemini 31 \ 

Polyhymnia, Polym?iia , or Polym7ieia , one of the Mufes 190 
Poly71 ices and Eteocles , two Brothers who kill’d each other, 
274. An Inflance of their irreconcileable Hatred ibid. 
Polyphemus, • the Son of Neptune, a great Robber \ 60 

Polyxena , marries Achilles, and, after his Death, is facrificed 
to appeafe his Ghoft 330 

P 07 no 7 ia the Goddefs of Fruits, 221. Courted and married 

by Vertumnus 222 

Pomia , one the Titles of Pmus « 112 

Porta Libitina y a Gate at Rome, thro 7 which Funerals palled 

293 

PorthmeuSy and Portitor, Names of Charon 247 

Portum/ius, one of the Sea-Gods,the fame with Palevmon 23S 
Pofaidon , one of Nepln Vs Names ' 232 

Pota?tiidesy Nymphs of the Rivers 224 

Potina , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 2S9 

Poverty 9 wordlipped as a Goddefs 338 

PrcenrjUna, one of Fortune's Titles 337 . 

PraJH/esy the fame with. Genii , die Guardian-Angels of 
Mankind 283 

Priapusy the God of the Gardens,aDefcription of his Image 
205. His Birth and Deformity, 200. One of the Nup¬ 
tial Gcds z 8$ 

Pr imigtiva 



4 


INDEX. 


Primigenia and Privata, .Names and Titles of Fortune 357 
Procris , married to Cephalus, Kill’d by him by an 

Accident ibid. 

Prometheus , makes a Man of Clay, and animates him with 
Fire Rolen from Heaven, 158, 320. Jupiter punifhes 
, him remarkably for his Theft, ibid. Freed from his Pu~ 
nifhment by Hercules , 320, 321. The Meaning of this 


Fable # # ibid. 

Propcetides , the HrR ProRitutes turn’d into Stones 116 

Propria , a Name of Fortune 357 

Propylaa, one of the Names of Hecate or Diatia 213 

Profay Prorfa , Patrimh, Pof-uerta, or Ant evert a ,. a tutelar 
Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 


Proferpina, one of the GoddefTes.of Corn, 229. Her De¬ 
scent, 254. How carried away by Pluto, ib. Is fought 
for all over the World with lighted Torches, by her 
Mother Ceres, 255. Who obtains from Jupiter that 
Proferpina fhall be lix Months with Pluto, and the other 
fix with her in the Heavens, 256. The Meaning of this 
Fable ' ibid. 

Proteus, the Son of Neptune , one that could transform hinifelf 
into any Shape 235 

Plutatitii DU , Gods of an inferior Rank and Order. • 7 
Pygmalion , falls in Love with an Ivory Statue, which, when 
turned into a Woman, he marries 116 

Pylades and Orejles, molt intimate Friends . 312 

Pylotis, one of the Titles of Minerva 104 

Pyratnids of Egypt, one of the feven Wonders the World 

46 

Py ramus and Thtjbe , the moR unfortunate Lovers, their 
Deaths *16 

Pyrrha, the Wife of Deucalion 1 322 

Pyrrhus , killed by Orejles , for marrying Hermione 3 12 
Pytho , one of the Daughters of Atlas 314 


Qi 

I 

<§) Uadr {foils, a Name fo me times given to Janus \ 49 
°Vj >Quies, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
Quietus, one of the Names of Pluto 
^uirinus, a Title of Jupiter, 24. and of Mars , 80, 
alfo of Romulus• 


1 5 ° 

209 

252 

And 

81 


R. Rati* 


C c z 



INDEX. 


R 


TJAtiones Li bit in a, an Account of the Dead, not unlike 
* our Weekly Billy or Bill of Mortality 293 

Rettus, one of Bacchus 9 s Titles 64 

j Redux, one of the Titles of Fortune 358 

Regia, a Title pf Fortune . , ibid* 

Regina, a Title of Juno 94 

Rex y Regnat or. Titles pf Jupiter 24. 

Rhadamanthus , one of the Infernal Judges z6z 

Rha?nnufia, the fame with Netnejis, one of the Goddeffes 
of Juhice 195 

Rhea, one of the Names of Cybele 172 

Ridens, one of the Titles of Venus 1x2 

Robigus, one of the Gods of Corn 229 

Rumina, one of the tutelar Goddeffes to new-born Infants 

2S9 

Rumlnus, one of Jupiter's Titles 24 

Runcina , a Goddefs of Gardening 229 

Rural Gods and Goddejfes ' 196 

Rujiri, one of the Rural Deities 2*8 


S. 

QAbazia, mykerlous Rites in the Solemnities of Proferpm 

, z 54 

Salacia, one of Neptune's Wives 232 

Salii, Pricks of Mars * ibid, 

SalifubJulus, one of Mars' s Titles 8i 

Sahnoneus imitates Jupiter's Thundery for which he under¬ 
goes a fevere Punilhmentin Hell 267 

Satus, Health, workiipped as a Goddefs 348 

S mi it as, or Hygitca, the Daughter of JEJculapius 319 

Sator and Sarritor, Rural Gods _ 229 

Satyrs, the fame with Silent, the Pricks of Bacchus 67 

A Defcription of the Satyrs . ^ 204 

Saturn, his Image deferibed, 138. His Family and Ac¬ 
tions. ibid. Devours all his Male Children, 139. Taken 
Prifoncr by Titan, but fet at Liberty by Jupiter ibid. 

Afterwards, for his Ingratitude depofed by Jupiter , and 

flies 



I N D E x; 


The 
147 

M4 

113 

and 
Into a 

49 


. flies into Italy , 140. The firfi: that reduced the Satyrs t<£ 
civil Society, ibid. Sacrifices offer’d to him, 143, 144 
The hiftorical Meaning of the Fable of Saturn , 145. 
philofophical Meaning of it 
Saturnalia, Feftivals in honour of Saturn 
Scot eta, a Title of Venus 

Scylla, the Daughter of Pborcus, courted by Claucus, 
turned by Circe, her Rival, into a Rock, 242. 

Sea-Monfter 

Scylla, the Daughter of Nifus , ruins her Country by cutting 
offher Father’s purple Lock of Hair, 242. And is turn’d 
into a Lake . 243 

Scylla and Charyhdis, the Meaning of that Fable 244 
Securis, why the Spear was fo named 80 

Seta and Segetia , Goddefles of Corn 229 

SekSH Dii , the fupreme Gods 6 

Semele, deftroy’d by Jupiter's Embraces 59 

Semanes Dii, Gods of the 1 owe ft Order and Rank 8 

Senfes, or Mens, worfhipped as a Goddefs 3 47 

Sentia, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants . 291 

Serapis, or Sorapis, an JEgypiian God, the fame with Apis, 
336. Where, and in what Manner worfhipp’d ibid . 

Scrvator, Soter, Stator, Stabilitor, Names and Titles of Ju¬ 
piter " * z 3 > z 4 

Silence , the Gods and Goddefies of it worfhipp’d by the Ro¬ 
wans * " 3 °7 

Silenus, Bacchus's Companion, deferib’d ^ 204 

Sifyphns, how punifh’d in Hell for his notorious Robberies, 

26b* 

Socigena, one of Juno *s Titles 
Sol, one of Apollo's Names 
Sohizoua, one of the Names of Diana 
Svmiius, the God of Sleep, deferib’d . 

So/pita, one of Juno's Titles 

Sphinx, propounds a Riddle, which Ocdiptis refolves, 
Dcftroys herfelf 
Spolia Opiwa, thofe Spoils, which, in Battle, one General 
takes from another so 

Stata, or St at ua Mater, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Pcrfom; zor 
Stata, one of the Titles of Fortune . 3 f»^ 

Statanus, or Statilhmi , a tutelar Gotlcjeffi to Infants 289 
Siallio, t u rned in loan E ve t o 1* N cwt 1 8 4 


93 

36 

287 
2 6 r 

9S* 

273 

274 


C c 


3 


St emit ui 



I N D E X. 

p 

StercutuH, Siercutius , Stereulius, or Sterquilinus, a rural God, 
who firft taught how toimproveGroundby dungingit 229 
Stercutius , one of the Names of \Sat urn 1 42 

Stbeno, one of the Gorgons 271 

Sihenobaa, endeavours tointice Bellerophotz to Adultery, but 
is rejected, 316, And therefore kills herfelf ■ ibid, 
Stimula and Strenua, tutelar Goddefles to adult Perfons 290 
Stymphalides, Birds that feed on human Flefh, deftroyed by 
Hercules 299 

Styx, one of the Infernal Rivers 248 

Suada, one of the Nuptial GoddeBes 284 

Sucula, the Daughters of Atlas , call'd alfo Hyades 324 
Sum?nanus, a Name of Pluto 252 

Sun, why call’d Sol in Latin, 43. And by the Perjians Mi - 
thra , 44. By the Egyptians nam’d Horns, ibid. . HisDe- 
fcent, 43. His Amours 44 

Sylvanus, one of the Gods of the Woods 203 

Syntbejis, a Cloak worn only by Gentlemen 144 

Sea-Monfters, aDefcriptionofthem, 219. Overcome 
by Orpheus, and turn’d into Stones, 250. The Explica¬ 
tion of this Fable of the Syrens 241 

§yrinx, flics from Pan , and is turn’d into a Bundle of Reeds 

*99 


T. 

*T*Adit a, one of the Goddefies of Silence 

V antalus, kills and drcfles his own Son Pclops 


407 

268 


His Pumlhmcnt for it in Hell, 269. The Meaning of 
this Fable. 270 

7 ‘auriceps, fTatiriforniis, Names of Bacchus 6z 

fTaygete, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 

fPclchincs, YxioffsofCybclc 177 

fTeiegenus, the Son of JJlyJJes by Circe 332 

fTelmacbus, the Son of Ulyjfts by Penelope 333 

ff'clclbufa, the Mother of Jpbis 337 

Tempcjlas, worfhipp’d as a Goddefs 358 

7 hrus, marries Prague, and falls in Cove with her Sifter 
Philomela, 83. Debauches her on the Road, and, topre- 
• vent Difcovery, cuts out her Tongue, ibid. She informs 
Brogue of this Villainy by Needle-work, 84. Prognc to 

vcvenge 



IN D E X. 


revenge this Injury, drefTes Itys, and makes his Father 
reus feed on him for Supper. Progne is hereupon turn’d 
into a Sparrow, Philomela into a Nightingale, Tereus into 
a Hoopoo, and Itys into a Pheafant 85 

Tertninus, one of the rural Gods, 208. A Defcription of his 


209 

189 

*38 

223 



Image, ibid. His Sacrifices call’d Ter?ninalia 
Terpftchore, one of the Mufes 
Ter reft rial Gods and Goddejfes, their Names 
Ter reft rial Nymphs 
Thalia, one of the Graces, 125. Alfo one of the Mufes 189 
Theodamas kill’d by Hercules 302 

Thefeus, his Parentage, 306. His intimate Friendfhip with 
Pirithous, 307. Goes down to Hell, and returns fafe from 
thence, ibid. His other Adventures 308, 309 

Thefmophoria , Sacrifices offered to Ceres 185 

Thijbe and Pyramus , two moil unfortunate Lovers, their Story 

116 

Thyades, Bacchus’s Companions, 61. His Nymphs 
Thyas , King of Naur ic a Cherfonefus , kill’d by his Subjects 3 13 
Thy outfits and Triumphus , Names of Bacchus 64 

Tigillus , Tonans, Tonitrualis, Trio cuius, and Triophthal?nos y 
Names and Titles given to Jupiter 25 

Tireftas , how he came to lofe his Sight, 101. He’s amply 
made Amends for that Lofs, by receiving the Gift of Pro¬ 
phecy ibid. 

Tifiphonc, one of the Furies 259 

Titans, make War on Jupiter, and are fubdued 266 

Titbonus, marries Aurora, obtains Immortality, but grows 
extremely weak and decrepid ; is at lafl turned into a 
Grafliopper 135 

Tityus , one of the Giants that warred again!! Heaven 2O0 
Trietcrica , Sacrifices to Bacchus ' 67 

Triformis ox Tergemina. Titles of Diana 211 

Triptolemus , educated by Ceres, who every Night covers him 
with Fire, 182. Sent by her in the Chariot to teach Men 
the Ufe and Improvement of Corn 183 

Tripos , in Apollo's Temple 39 

Triton, Ntptline’s Son, deferib’d 237 

Tritonia , one .of the Names of Minerva 1 o i 

Trivia, one of the N antes of Hecate or Diana 214 

c froy , the Walls of it built by the Mufick of Apollo's Ilarp, 
32. Deilroy’d by Hercules 302 

C c 4 Truth, 



INDEX. 


Truth,' worfliipped as a Goddefs 346 

T'itdin a or Tutulina, one of the Goddefies of Corn 230 
Tyche, one of the Daughtersof Atlas 324 

Tyndaris, one of Helena's Names 3 lo 

Tyndaridce, the Children of Tyiidarus ; Helena, Clytemneftra, 
Caft or and Pollux ibid. 

Typhaus, or Typhon , one of theGi ants'that wair’d agairift 
Heaven ' 264 


V. 


V % r 

Jft“Actma, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 

Vagit anus, or Vaticamis i a tutelar God to new-born ln- 
. ( fants 288 

Vallenia, the Goddefs of the-Vallies 228 

P’ejo^vis, Vejnpiter, Vedius, Names given to Jupiter 25 
Vet till a, one of Neptune's Wives 233 

Femes , her Image deferib’d, 107. HerDefcefit, I09. And 
Marriage, no. Her feveral Names,/to. HerA&ions, 
115. One of the Nuptial God defies, 284. An Explana¬ 
tion of the Fable of 'Venus 127 

Vergil its, feven of the Daughters of Atlas, call’d Pleiades 325 
Verticordia , a Title of Venus . 114 

Vertumtms courts arid obtains Flora/22 1, 222. Can tranf- 
form himfelf into any Shape 236 

Vejcii DU, Gods of the loweft Rank and Order 8 

Ve/per , or Vefpcrugo, the Brother of Atlas, turn’d into the 
Evening-Star 326 

Vefta the Elder, the old eft of die GoddefTes, aDcfcription of 
her Image, 167. She’s the fame with the- Earth 168 
Vefta the Younger, the fame with the Element Fire, 167, 
168. Explanation of the Fable of Vcfta 169 

Vefta, why round Tables were fo call’d 168 

VeftalFire, how preferv’d perpetually among the Romans i 69 
libilia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 

Vines fuft planted by j Bacchus, 65. The Art of pruning 
them fir it taught by an A is ibid. 

Violence, worihipped as a Goddefs 358 

Virginia, Daughter of Aldus, dedicates an Altar to Pudicitici 
Ph bcia 3 46 

Vi rip lac a, one of the Nuptial Goddefles 285 

Virgo, one of the Titles of Fortune 388 

\ Fir, 



2^5 

3 57 
34 ^ 

35 » 


INDEX. 

m 0 + 

Virginmjis, one of the Nuptial Goddefles 
Virilis, one of the Titles of Fortune . 

Virtue , worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Vifcata, or Vtjcojn, one of the Titles of Fortune 
Widely a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons zpo 

Vlyjfcsy his Defcent, his Marriage with Penelope , 3 31Pre- 
levves himfelf from the S>r£;/r, 240* His various Ad¬ 
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Underjlanding, worlhipp’d as a Goddefs 347 

Unxia, one of the Titles of Juno 95 

Volumnus and Vohanna, tutelar Deities to adult Perfons 222 
Volupia , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons '291 

Volujia, one of the Goddefles of Corn' - 229 

Uragus, one of ?/«/o’s Names 252 

Urania, one of the Mufes ■ 189 

Vulcan, a Defcription of him, 156. His Birth and De- 
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156. Makes the firft Woman, who is called Pandora* 
iq8. His Children, ibid. His Servants, 159. The Sig¬ 
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Videania, Feaits celebrated in Honour of Vulcan $57 

0 « 

w. 


* S 


JJWAlh of Babylon , one of the Wonders of the World 46 
Wonders of the World , feven particularly fo called 45 


Wife Men of Greece, their Names and Characters 

X. 


40, 4c 


VAutbus, one of the Horfes of Achilles, his .Defcent 271 
Xenia, all Prefents made to Strangers called lo 




z. 


JjAgreus, one of the Names of Bacchus 
** Zephyr us, his Defccnt 
Zeus, one of Jupiter's Names 


7 1 

n v 
^ / 1 


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