# Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

## Table of Contents


### Chapter I: PRELIMINARY

- Section 1: Short title, commencement and application
- Section 2: Definitions
- Section 3: General explanations

### Chapter II: OF PUNISHMENTS (sections 4-13)

- Section 4: Punishments
- Section 5: Commutation of sentence
- Section 6: Fractions of terms of punishment
- Section 7: Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple
- Section 8: Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc
- Section 9: Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences
- Section 10: Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which
- Section 11: Solitary confinement
- Section 12: Limit of solitary confinement
- Section 13: Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction

### Chapter III: GENERAL EXCEPTIONS(sections 14-33)

- Section 14: Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
- Section 15: Act of Judge when acting judicially
- Section 16: Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court
- Section 17: Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law
- Section 18: Accident in doing a lawful act
- Section 19: Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
- Section 20: Act of a child under seven years of age
- Section 21: Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding
- Section 22: Act of a person of unsound mind
- Section 23: Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will
- Section 24: Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated
- Section 25: Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
- Section 26: Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit
- Section 27: Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian
- Section 28: Consent known to be given under fear or misconception
- Section 29: Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
- Section 30: Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent
- Section 31: Communication made in good faith
- Section 32: Act to which a person is compelled by threats
- Section 33: Act causing slight harm
- Section 34: Things done in private defence
- Section 35: Right of private defence of body and of property
- Section 36: Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc
- Section 37: Acts against which there is no right of private defence
- Section 38: When right of private defence of body extends to causing death
- Section 39: When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
- Section 40: Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body
- Section 41: When right of private defence of property extends to causing death
- Section 42: When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
- Section 43: Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property
- Section 44: Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person

### Chapter IV: OF ABETMENT, CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY AND ATTEMPT, of abetment(sections 45-60)

- Section 45: Abetment of a thing
- Section 46: Abettor
- Section 47: Abetment in India of offences outside India
- Section 48: Abetment outside India for offence in India
- Section 49: Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment
- Section 50: Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor
- Section 51: Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done
- Section 52: Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done
- Section 53: Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor
- Section 54: Abettor present when offence is committed
- Section 55: Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
- Section 56: Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment
- Section 57: Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons
- Section 58: Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
- Section 59: Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent
- Section 60: Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment
- Section 61: Criminal conspiracy
- Section 62: Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment

### Chapter IX: OF OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS(sections 169-177)

- Section 169: Candidate, electoral right defined
- Section 170: Bribery
- Section 171: Undue influence at elections
- Section 172: Personation at elections
- Section 173: Punishment for bribery
- Section 174: Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election
- Section 175: False statement in connection with an election
- Section 176: Illegal payments in connection with an election
- Section 177: Failure to keep election accounts

### Chapter V: CHAPTER V

- Section 63: Rape
- Section 64: Punishment for rape
- Section 65: Punishment for rape in certain cases
- Section 66: Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim
- Section 67: Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation
- Section 68: Sexual intercourse by a person in authority
- Section 69: Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc
- Section 70: Gang rape
- Section 71: Punishment for repeat offenders
- Section 72: Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc
- Section 73: Printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission
- Section 74: Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty
- Section 75: Sexual harassment
- Section 76: Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe
- Section 77: Voyeurism
- Section 78: Stalking
- Section 79: Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman
- Section 80: Dowry death
- Section 81: Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage
- Section 82: Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife
- Section 83: Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage
- Section 84: Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman
- Section 85: Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty
- Section 86: Cruelty defined
- Section 87: Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc
- Section 88: Causing miscarriage
- Section 89: Causing miscarriage without woman's consent
- Section 90: Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage
- Section 91: Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth
- Section 92: Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide
- Section 93: Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it
- Section 94: Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body
- Section 95: Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence
- Section 96: Procuration of child
- Section 97: Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person
- Section 98: Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc
- Section 99: Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc

### Chapter VI: OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE HUMAN BODY, Of offences affecting life(sections 100-113)

- Section 100: Culpable homicide
- Section 101: Murder
- Section 102: Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended
- Section 103: Punishment for murder
- Section 104: Punishment for murder by life-convict
- Section 105: Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder
- Section 106: Causing death by negligence
- Section 107: Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind
- Section 108: Abetment of suicide
- Section 109: Attempt to murder
- Section 110: Attempt to commit culpable homicide
- Section 111: Organised crime
- Section 112: Petty organised crime
- Section 113: Terrorist act
- Section 114: Hurt
- Section 115: Voluntarily causing hurt
- Section 116: Grievous hurt
- Section 117: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
- Section 118: Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
- Section 119: Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act
- Section 120: Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property
- Section 121: Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty
- Section 122: Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation
- Section 123: Causing hurt by means of poison, etc
- Section 124: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc
- Section 125: Act endangering life or personal safety of others
- Section 126: Wrongful restraint
- Section 127: Wrongful confinement
- Section 128: Force
- Section 129: Criminal force
- Section 130: Assault
- Section 131: Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation
- Section 132: Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty
- Section 133: Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation
- Section 134: Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person
- Section 135: Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person
- Section 136: Assault or criminal force on grave provocation
- Section 137: Kidnapping
- Section 138: Abduction
- Section 139: Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging
- Section 140: Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc
- Section 141: Importation of girl or boy from foreign country
- Section 142: Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person
- Section 143: Trafficking of person
- Section 144: Exploitation of a trafficked person
- Section 145: Habitual dealing in slaves
- Section 146: Unlawful compulsory labour

### Chapter VII: OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE(sections 147-158)

- Section 147: Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India
- Section 148: Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147
- Section 149: Collecting arms, etc
- Section 150: Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war
- Section 151: Assaulting President, Governor, etc
- Section 152: Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
- Section 153: Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India
- Section 154: Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India
- Section 155: Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154
- Section 156: Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape
- Section 157: Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape
- Section 158: Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner

### Chapter VIII: OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE(sections 159-168)

- Section 159: Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty
- Section 160: Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof
- Section 161: Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office
- Section 162: Abetment of such assault, if assault committed
- Section 163: Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman
- Section 164: Harbouring deserter
- Section 165: Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master
- Section 166: Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman
- Section 167: Persons subject to certain Acts
- Section 168: Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman

### Chapter X: OF OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY-NOTES, BANK-NOTES, AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS(sections 178-188)

- Section 178: Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes
- Section 179: Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes
- Section 180: Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes
- Section 181: Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes
- Section 182: Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes
- Section 183: Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government
- Section 184: Using Government stamp known to have been before used
- Section 185: Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used
- Section 186: Prohibition of fictitious stamps
- Section 187: Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law
- Section 188: Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint

### Chapter XI: OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY(sections 189-197)

- Section 189: Unlawful assembly
- Section 190: Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object
- Section 191: Rioting
- Section 192: Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed
- Section 193: Liability of owner, occupier, etc
- Section 194: Affray
- Section 195: Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc
- Section 196: Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc
- Section 197: Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration

### Chapter XII: OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS(sections 198-205)

- Section 198: Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person
- Section 199: Public servant disobeying direction under law
- Section 200: Punishment for non-treatment of victim
- Section 201: Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury
- Section 202: Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade
- Section 203: Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property
- Section 204: Personating a public servant
- Section 205: Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent

### Chapter XIII: OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS (sections 206-226)

- Section 206: Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding
- Section 207: Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof
- Section 208: Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant
- Section 209: Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
- Section 210: Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it
- Section 211: Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it
- Section 212: Furnishing false information
- Section 213: Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it
- Section 214: Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question
- Section 215: Refusing to sign statement
- Section 216: False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation
- Section 217: False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person
- Section 218: Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant
- Section 219: Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant
- Section 220: Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant
- Section 221: Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions
- Section 222: Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
- Section 223: Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant
- Section 224: Threat of injury to public servant
- Section 225: Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant
- Section 226: Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power

### Chapter XIV: OF FALSE EVIDENCE AND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE (sections 227-269)

- Section 227: Giving false evidence
- Section 228: Fabricating false evidence
- Section 229: Punishment for false evidence
- Section 230: Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence
- Section 231: Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment
- Section 232: Threatening any person to give false evidence
- Section 233: Using evidence known to be false
- Section 234: Issuing or signing false certificate
- Section 235: Using as true a certificate known to be false
- Section 236: False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
- Section 237: Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false
- Section 238: Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender
- Section 239: Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform
- Section 240: Giving false information respecting an offence committed
- Section 241: Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence
- Section 242: False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution
- Section 243: Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
- Section 244: Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
- Section 245: Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due
- Section 246: Dishonestly making false claim in Court
- Section 247: Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due
- Section 248: False charge of offence made with intent to injure
- Section 249: Harbouring offender
- Section 250: Taking gift, etc
- Section 251: Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender
- Section 252: Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc
- Section 253: Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered
- Section 254: Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits
- Section 255: Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
- Section 256: Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
- Section 257: Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc
- Section 258: Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law
- Section 259: Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend
- Section 260: Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed
- Section 261: Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant
- Section 262: Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension
- Section 263: Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person
- Section 264: Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for
- Section 265: Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for
- Section 266: Violation of condition of remission of punishment
- Section 267: Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding
- Section 268: Personation of assessor
- Section 269: Failure by person released on bail bond or bond to appear in Court

### Chapter XIX: OF CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULT, ANNOYANCE, DEFAMATION, ETC.(sections 351-355)

- Section 351: Criminal intimidation
- Section 352: Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace
- Section 353: Statements conducing to public mischief
- Section 354: Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure
- Section 355: Misconduct in public by a drunken person
- Section 356: Defamation
- Section 357: Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person

### Chapter XV: OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, CONVENIENCE,DECENCY AND MORALS (sections 270-297)

- Section 270: Public nuisance
- Section 271: Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life
- Section 272: Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life
- Section 273: Disobedience to quarantine rule
- Section 274: Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale
- Section 275: Sale of noxious food or drink
- Section 276: Adulteration of drugs
- Section 277: Sale of adulterated drugs
- Section 278: Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation
- Section 279: Fouling water of public spring or reservoir
- Section 280: Making atmosphere noxious to health
- Section 281: Rash driving or riding on a public way
- Section 282: Rash navigation of vessel
- Section 283: Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy
- Section 284: Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel
- Section 285: Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation
- Section 286: Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance
- Section 287: Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter
- Section 288: Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance
- Section 289: Negligent conduct with respect to machinery
- Section 290: Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc
- Section 291: Negligent conduct with respect to animal
- Section 292: Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for
- Section 293: Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue
- Section 294: Sale, etc
- Section 295: Sale, etc
- Section 296: Obscene acts and songs
- Section 297: Keeping lottery office

### Chapter XVI: CHAPTER XVI

- Section 298: Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class
- Section 299: Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs
- Section 300: Disturbing religious assembly
- Section 301: Trespassing on burial places, etc
- Section 302: Uttering words, etc

### Chapter XVII: CHAPTER XVII

- Section 303: Theft
- Section 304: Snatching
- Section 305: Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc
- Section 306: Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master
- Section 307: Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft
- Section 308: Extortion
- Section 309: Robbery
- Section 310: Dacoity
- Section 311: Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt
- Section 312: Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon
- Section 313: Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc
- Section 314: Dishonest misappropriation of property
- Section 315: Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death
- Section 316: Criminal breach of trust
- Section 317: Stolen property
- Section 318: Cheating
- Section 319: Cheating by personation
- Section 320: Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors
- Section 321: Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors
- Section 322: Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration
- Section 323: Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property
- Section 324: Mischief
- Section 325: Mischief by killing or maiming animal
- Section 326: Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc
- Section 327: Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden
- Section 328: Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc
- Section 329: Criminal trespass and house-trespass
- Section 330: House-trespass and housebreaking
- Section 331: Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking
- Section 332: House-trespass in order to commit offence
- Section 333: House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint
- Section 334: Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property

### Chapter XVIII: OF OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS AND TO PROPERTY MARKS(sections 335-344)

- Section 335: Making a false document
- Section 336: Forgery
- Section 337: Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc
- Section 338: Forgery of valuable security, will, etc
- Section 339: Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine
- Section 340: Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine
- Section 341: Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc
- Section 342: Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material
- Section 343: Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc
- Section 344: Falsification of accounts
- Section 345: Property mark
- Section 346: Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury
- Section 347: Counterfeiting a property mark
- Section 348: Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark
- Section 349: Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark
- Section 350: Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods

### Chapter XX: REPEAL AND SAVINGS

- Section 358: Repeal and savings