README.md

---
language:
- en
license: apache-2.0
library_name: transformers
model-index:
- name: SmolLM2-360M-Instruct
  results:
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: IFEval (0-Shot)
      type: HuggingFaceH4/ifeval
      args:
        num_few_shot: 0
    metrics:
    - type: inst_level_strict_acc and prompt_level_strict_acc
      value: 8.3
      name: strict accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: BBH (3-Shot)
      type: BBH
      args:
        num_few_shot: 3
    metrics:
    - type: acc_norm
      value: 3.3
      name: normalized accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: MATH Lvl 5 (4-Shot)
      type: hendrycks/competition_math
      args:
        num_few_shot: 4
    metrics:
    - type: exact_match
      value: 0.83
      name: exact match
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: GPQA (0-shot)
      type: Idavidrein/gpqa
      args:
        num_few_shot: 0
    metrics:
    - type: acc_norm
      value: 2.01
      name: acc_norm
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: MuSR (0-shot)
      type: TAUR-Lab/MuSR
      args:
        num_few_shot: 0
    metrics:
    - type: acc_norm
      value: 2.75
      name: acc_norm
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: Text Generation
    dataset:
      name: MMLU-PRO (5-shot)
      type: TIGER-Lab/MMLU-Pro
      config: main
      split: test
      args:
        num_few_shot: 5
    metrics:
    - type: acc
      value: 1.4
      name: accuracy
    source:
      url: https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard?query=HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct
      name: Open LLM Leaderboard
---


# SmolLM2

![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61c141342aac764ce1654e43/oWWfzW4RbWkVIo7f-5444.png)

##  Table of Contents

1. [Model Summary](##model-summary)
2. [Limitations](##limitations)
3. [Training](##training)
4. [License](##license)
5. [Citation](##citation)

## Model Summary

SmolLM2 is a family of compact language models available in three size: 135M, 360M, and 1.7B parameters. They are capable of solving a wide range of tasks while being lightweight enough to run on-device.

SmolLM2 demonstrates significant advances over its predecessor SmolLM1, particularly in instruction following, knowledge, reasoning. The 360M model was trained on 4 trillion tokens using a diverse dataset combination: FineWeb-Edu, DCLM, The Stack, along with new filtered datasets we curated and will release soon.  We developed the instruct version through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) using a combination of public datasets and our own curated datasets. We then applied Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) using [UltraFeedback](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceH4/ultrafeedback_binarized).

The instruct model additionally supports tasks such as text rewriting, summarization and function calling thanks to datasets developed by [Argilla](https://huggingface.co/argilla) such as [Synth-APIGen-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/argilla/Synth-APIGen-v0.1).

### How to use

### Transformers
```bash
pip install transformers
```

```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
checkpoint = "HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct"

device = "cuda" # for GPU usage or "cpu" for CPU usage
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
# for multiple GPUs install accelerate and do `model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint, device_map="auto")`
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint).to(device)

messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France."}]
input_text=tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False)
print(input_text)
inputs = tokenizer.encode(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_new_tokens=50, temperature=0.2, top_p=0.9, do_sample=True)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
```

### Chat in TRL
You can also use the TRL CLI to chat with the model from the terminal:
```bash
pip install trl
trl chat --model_name_or_path HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct --device cpu
```

## Evaluation

In this section, we report the evaluation results of SmolLM2. All evaluations are zero-shot unless stated otherwise, and we use [lighteval](https://github.com/huggingface/lighteval) to run them.

## Base Pre-Trained Model

| Metrics            | SmolLM2-360M | Qwen2.5-0.5B | SmolLM-360M  |
|:-------------------|:------------:|:------------:|:------------:|
| HellaSwag          | **54.5**     | 51.2         | 51.8         |
| ARC (Average)      | **53.0**     | 45.4         | 50.1         |
| PIQA               | **71.7**     | 69.9         | 71.6         |
| MMLU (cloze)       | **35.8**     | 33.7         | 34.4         |
| CommonsenseQA      | **38.0**     | 31.6         | 35.3         |
| TriviaQA           | **16.9**     | 4.3          | 9.1          |
| Winogrande         | 52.5         | **54.1**     | 52.8         |
| OpenBookQA         | **37.4**     | **37.4**     | 37.2         |
| GSM8K (5-shot)     | 3.2          | **33.4**     | 1.6          |


## Instruction Model

| Metric                       | SmolLM2-360M-Instruct | Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct | SmolLM-360M-Instruct |
|:-----------------------------|:---------------------:|:---------------------:|:---------------------:|
| IFEval (Average prompt/inst) | **41.0**             | 31.6                 | 19.8                 |
| MT-Bench                     | 3.66                 | **4.16**             | 3.37                 |
| HellaSwag                    | **52.1**             | 48.0                 | 47.9                 |
| ARC (Average)                | **43.7**             | 37.3                 | 38.8                 |
| PIQA                         | **70.8**             | 67.2                 | 69.4                 |
| MMLU (cloze)                 | **32.8**             | 31.7                 | 30.6                 |
| BBH (3-shot)                 | 27.3                 | **30.7**             | 24.4                 |
| GSM8K (5-shot)               | 7.43                 | **26.8**             | 1.36                 |


## Limitations

SmolLM2 models primarily understand and generate content in English. They can produce text on a variety of topics, but the generated content may not always be factually accurate, logically consistent, or free from biases present in the training data. These models should be used as assistive tools rather than definitive sources of information. Users should always verify important information and critically evaluate any generated content.

## Training

### Model

- **Architecture:** Transformer decoder
- **Pretraining tokens:** 4T
- **Precision:** bfloat16

### Hardware

- **GPUs:** 64 H100

### Software

- **Training Framework:** [nanotron](https://github.com/huggingface/nanotron/tree/main)

## License

[Apache 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)

## Citation
```bash
@misc{allal2024SmolLM2,
      title={SmolLM2 - with great data, comes great performance}, 
      author={Loubna Ben Allal and Anton Lozhkov and Elie Bakouch and Gabriel Martín Blázquez and Lewis Tunstall and Agustín Piqueres and Andres Marafioti and Cyril Zakka and Leandro von Werra and Thomas Wolf},
      year={2024},
}
```
# [Open LLM Leaderboard Evaluation Results](https://huggingface.co/spaces/open-llm-leaderboard/open_llm_leaderboard)
Detailed results can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-llm-leaderboard/details_HuggingFaceTB__SmolLM2-360M-Instruct)

|      Metric       |Value|
|-------------------|----:|
|Avg.               | 3.10|
|IFEval (0-Shot)    | 8.30|
|BBH (3-Shot)       | 3.30|
|MATH Lvl 5 (4-Shot)| 0.83|
|GPQA (0-shot)      | 2.01|
|MuSR (0-shot)      | 2.75|
|MMLU-PRO (5-shot)  | 1.40|