README.md

---
license: apache-2.0
language:
- fr
library_name: transformers
tags:
- mbart
- orfeo
- pytorch
- pictograms
- translation
metrics:
- sacrebleu
inference: false
---

# t2p-mbart-large-cc25-orfeo

*t2p-mbart-large-cc25-orfeo* is a text-to-pictograms translation model built by fine-tuning the [mbart-large-cc25](https://huggingface.co/facebook/mbart-large-cc25) model on a dataset of pairs of transcriptions / pictogram token sequence (each token is linked to a pictogram image from [ARASAAC](https://arasaac.org/)).
The model is used only for **inference**. 

## Training details

The model was trained with [Fairseq](https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq/blob/main/examples/mbart/README.md).

### Datasets

The [Propicto-orféo dataset](https://www.ortolang.fr/market/corpora/propicto) is used, which was created from the CEFC-Orféo corpus. 
This dataset was presented in the research paper titled ["A Multimodal French Corpus of Aligned Speech, Text, and Pictogram Sequences for Speech-to-Pictogram Machine Translation](https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.76/)" at LREC-Coling 2024. The dataset was split into training, validation, and test sets.
| **Split** | **Number of utterances** |
|:-----------:|:-----------------------:|
| train | 231,374 |
| valid | 28,796 |
| test | 29,009 |

### Parameters

This is the arguments in the training pipeline :

```bash
fairseq-train $DATA \
  --encoder-normalize-before --decoder-normalize-before \
  --arch mbart_large --layernorm-embedding \
  --task translation_from_pretrained_bart \
  --source-lang fr --target-lang frp \
  --criterion label_smoothed_cross_entropy --label-smoothing 0.2 \
  --optimizer adam --adam-eps 1e-06 --adam-betas '(0.9, 0.98)' \
  --lr-scheduler polynomial_decay --lr 3e-05 --warmup-updates 2500 --total-num-update 40000 \
  --dropout 0.3 --attention-dropout 0.1 --weight-decay 0.0 \
  --max-tokens 1024 --update-freq 2 \
  --save-interval 1 --save-interval-updates 5000 --keep-interval-updates 5 \
  --seed 222 --log-format simple --log-interval 2 \
  --langs fr \
  --ddp-backend legacy_ddp \
  --max-epoch 40 \
  --save-dir models/checkpoints/mt_mbart_fr_frp_orfeo \
  --keep-best-checkpoints 5 \
  --keep-last-epochs 5
```

### Evaluation

The model was evaluated with sacreBLEU, where we compared the reference pictogram translation with the model hypothesis.

```bash
fairseq-generate orfeo_data/data/ \
  --path $model_dir/checkpoint_best.pt \
  --task translation_from_pretrained_bart \
  --gen-subset test \
  -t frp -s fr \
  --bpe 'sentencepiece' --sentencepiece-model mbart.cc25.v2/sentence.bpe.model \
  --sacrebleu \
  --batch-size 32 --langs $langs > out.txt
```
The output file prints the following information :
```txt
S-27886	ça sera tout madame<unk>
T-27886	prochain celle-là être tout monsieur
H-27886	-0.2824968993663788	▁prochain ▁celle - là ▁être ▁tout ▁monsieur
D-27886	-0.2824968993663788	prochain celle-là être tout monsieur
P-27886	-0.5773 -0.1780 -0.2587 -0.2361 -0.2726 -0.3167 -0.1312 -0.3103 -0.2615
Generate test with beam=5: BLEU4 = 75.62, 85.7/78.9/73.9/69.3 (BP=0.986, ratio=0.986, syslen=407923, reflen=413636)
```

### Results

Comparison to other translation models :
| **Model** | **validation** | **test** |
|:-----------:|:-----------------------:|:-----------------------:|
| t2p-t5-large-orféo | 85.2 | 85.8 |
| t2p-nmt-orféo | **87.2** | **87.4** | 
| **t2p-mbart-large-cc25-orfeo** | 75.2 | 75.6 |
| t2p-nllb-200-distilled-600M-orfeo | 86.3 | 86.9 |

### Environmental Impact

Fine-tuning was performed using a single Nvidia V100 GPU with 32 GB of memory which took 18 hours in total.

## Using t2p-mbart-large-cc25-orfeo model

The scripts to use the *t2p-mbart-large-cc25-orfeo* model are located in the [speech-to-pictograms GitHub repository](https://github.com/macairececile/speech-to-pictograms).

## Information

- **Language(s):** French
- **License:** Apache-2.0
- **Developed by:** Cécile Macaire
- **Funded by**
  - GENCI-IDRIS (Grant 2023-AD011013625R1)
  - PROPICTO ANR-20-CE93-0005
- **Authors**
  - Cécile Macaire
  - Chloé Dion
  - Emmanuelle Esperança-Rodier
  - Benjamin Lecouteux
  - Didier Schwab


## Citation

If you use this model for your own research work, please cite as follows:

```bibtex
@inproceedings{macaire_jeptaln2024,
  title = {{Approches cascade et de bout-en-bout pour la traduction automatique de la parole en pictogrammes}},
  author = {Macaire, C{\'e}cile and Dion, Chlo{\'e} and Schwab, Didier and Lecouteux, Benjamin and Esperan{\c c}a-Rodier, Emmanuelle},
  url = {https://inria.hal.science/hal-04623007},
  booktitle = {{35{\`e}mes Journ{\'e}es d'{\'E}tudes sur la Parole (JEP 2024) 31{\`e}me Conf{\'e}rence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN 2024) 26{\`e}me Rencontre des {\'E}tudiants Chercheurs en Informatique pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues (RECITAL 2024)}},
  address = {Toulouse, France},
  publisher = {{ATALA \& AFPC}},
  volume = {1 : articles longs et prises de position},
  pages = {22-35},
  year = {2024}
}
```