metadata

license: apache-2.0
datasets:
  - tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb
pipeline_tag: text-generation
library_name: openlm
tags:
  - linear
  - mistral
language:
  - en
model-index:
  - name: mistral-supra
    results:
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: MMLU
          name: MMLU
        metrics:
          - name: accuracy
            type: accuracy
            value: 34.2
            verified: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: HellaSwag
          name: HellaSwag
        metrics:
          - name: accuracy
            type: accuracy
            value: 77.1
            verified: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: PIQA
          name: PIQA
        metrics:
          - name: accuracy
            type: accuracy
            value: 80.4
            verified: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: Winogrande
          name: Winogrande
        metrics:
          - name: accuracy
            type: accuracy
            value: 70.3
            verified: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: ai2_arc
          name: ARC-E
        metrics:
          - name: accuracy
            type: accuracy
            value: 75.9
            verified: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: ai2_arc
          name: ARC-C
        metrics:
          - name: accuracy
            type: accuracy
            value: 45.8
            verified: false

Mistral-SUPRA

This model was initialized from the weights of the Mistral-7B transformer model and up-trained into a linear RNN.

This is an accompanying model of our paper Linearizing Large Language Models, where we detail our process of converting a softmax transformer into a linear transformer, which at inference time can function as both a transformer and a recurrent model. Our linear attention code can be found at https://github.com/TRI-ML/linear_open_lm/

We uptrain Mistral-7B on 100B tokens of RefinedWeb.

Model Details

Developed by: Toyota Research Institute
Model Type: This is an auto-regressive language model initialized from Mistral-7B and uptrained into a linear model based on the SUPRA architecture.
Dataset: Initialized from Mistral-7B. Uprained on 100B tokens of RefinedWeb.
Tokenizer: mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1
Library: OpenLM (we use a fork of OpenLM that supports linear attention)
License: This model is licensed under Apache License, Version 2.0.

Parameters	Hidden Size	Layers	Vocab Size	Sequence Length
7B	4096	32	32000	2048

Training Details

Mistral-SUPRA was trained using AWS SageMaker on 128 H100 80GB GPUs.
Training on 100B tokens finished in 1.5 days.

Hyperparameter Value

Precision bfloat16

Optimizer AdamW

Learning rate 3e-5

LR cooldown end 1e-5

Warmup steps 1000

Batch size 2M

QK norm False

Hyperparameter	Value
Precision	`bfloat16`
Optimizer	AdamW
Learning rate	3e-5
LR cooldown end	1e-5
Warmup steps	1000
Batch size	2M
QK norm	False

Usage

This model was trained using OpenLM. The weights have been converted to be compatible with HuggingFace.

To use the model, you need to first pip install our fork of OpenLM.

pip install git+https://github.com/tri-ml/linear_open_lm.git

Import the OpenLM classes with

from open_lm.open_lm_hf import *

The model can then be loaded normally using AutoTokenizer and AutoModelForCausalLM as follows:

from open_lm.open_lm_hf import *
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("tri-ml/mistral-supra")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("tri-ml/mistral-supra")

inputs = tokenizer(["Machine learning is"], return_tensors="pt")
gen_kwargs = {"max_new_tokens": 50, "top_p": 0.8, "temperature": 0.8, "do_sample": True, "repetition_penalty": 1.1}
output = model.generate(inputs['input_ids'], **gen_kwargs)
output = tokenizer.decode(output[0].tolist(), skip_special_tokens=True)
print(output)
# Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables computers to learn from experience without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning is used in a wide range of applications, including spam filtering, image recognition, speech recognition, and computer-based medical diagnosis

The Mistral-SUPRA model can be used both in parallel mode and in recurrent mode. If use_cache is set to False for model.generate(...), then it will use recurrent mode; otherwise, it will use parallel mode. The recurrent model uses xformers and requires the inputs and models to be loaded to GPU.

# Recurrent mode
output = model.to('cuda').generate(inputs['input_ids'].to('cuda'), use_cache=False, **gen_kwargs)

Performance Evaluation

Our evaluations were done using the Eleuther LM Eval Harness repo.

Below we report the performance of Mistral-SUPRA compared to other similarly sized models.

	HellaSwag	PIQA	Winogrande	ARC-E	ARC-C	MMLU (5-shot)
Llama2-7B	76.0	79.1	69.1	76.3	46.3	45.9
Gemma-7B	80.7	81.9	73.7	81.1	53.2	62.9
Mistral-7B	81.0	82.1	74.0	80.9	53.8	62.4
RWKV5-1.7T-7B	73.0	78.6	72.9	75.8	45.6	34.9
Mamba-7B	77.9	81.0	71.8	77.5	46.7	33.3
Mistral-SUPRA	77.1	80.4	70.3	75.9	45.8	34.2

How to Cite

If you use this model, please cite our paper on Linearizing Large Language Models.

@article{Mercat2024Linearizing,
  title={Linearizing Large Language Models},
  author={Jean Mercat and Igor Vasiljevic and Sedrick Keh and Kushal Arora and Achal Dave and Adrien Gaidon and Thomas Kollar},
  journal={ArXiv},
  year={2024},
  volume={},
}

Citations

OpenLM

@misc{open_lm,
  author = {Gururangan, Suchin and Wortsman, Mitchell and Gadre, Samir Yitzhak and Dave, Achal and Kilian, Maciej and Shi, Weijia and Mercat, Jean and Smyrnis, Georgios and Ilharco, Gabriel and Jordan, Matt and Heckel, Reinhard and Dimakis, Alex and Farhadi, Ali and Shankar, Vaishaal and Schmidt, Ludwig},
  title = {{open_lm}:  a minimal but performative language modeling (LM) repository},
  year = {2023},
  note = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_lm/}
}