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Climate Policy Radar 20

Dear Executive Secretary, It is our great pleasure to write to you early in the term of our new government to convey Australia's enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement. It is crucial to keep a 1.5C future within reach. Our new ambitious target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030 will put Australia on track to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. We are moving to enshrine these targets in legislation. Our updated 2030 target is a 15 percentage point increase on Australia's previous 2030 target. Both targets are economy-wide emissions reduction commitments, covering all sectors and gases included in Australia's national inventory. Australia will also not carry over any overachievement on our 2020 target or our Kyoto Protocol targets to meet our Paris Agreement targets. Our aspiration is that the ingenuity and commitments of our industries, states and territories, and the Australian people will yield even greater emission reductions in the coming decade. Now is the time for policy implementation, and our government has a plan to deliver on our 2030 target and drive Australia's transition to net zero. With the right ambition, action and cooperation, we can seize the once-in-a-generation opportunity ahead of us and thrive in a net zero world. Yours sincerely Whose ANTHONY ALBANESE Prime Minister of Australia Auer CHRIS-BOWEN Minister for Climate Change and Energy Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Telephone (02) 6277 7120

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

weighing 60 pounds each per day. Three temporary batch plants were located in Airai State for construction of the Compact Road ater Treatment Plant operators. The Water Treatment Plant uses 24 bags of soda ash

PLW

East Asia & Pacific

closures - https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/), the Centre for Responsible and Sustainable Finance in Spain (Finresp) and the Academic Forum on Sustainable Finance in Spain. LINE OF ACTION 14.1. INCORPORATING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INTO SUSTAINABLE FINANCE INITIATIVES 150 - Some of the many initiatives in this regard are the Principles for Responsible Investment (with the UNEP Finance Initiative and the Global Compact - https:/www.unpri.org/), the Interna- tional Platform on Sustainable Finance (IPFS https:/ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/ banking-and-finance/sustainable-finance), the TCFD (Task force on Climate-Related Financial Dis-

ESP

Europe & Central Asia

The Strategy, made under the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act 2000, sets the overarching policy direction for government support and intervention, and guides the work programme of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority over the next five years. PRIORITY AREAS Where will we focus? TARGETS How will we measure success? OBJECTIVES What do we want to achieve from this NZEECS? (m) Renewable and efficient use of process heat Decrease in industrial emissions intensity of at least one per cent per annum on average between 2017 and 2022 Efficient and low- emissions transport Electric vehicles make up two per cent of the vehicle fleet by the end of 2021 Innovative and efficient use of electricity 90 per cent of electricity will be generated from renewable sources by 2025 Businesses make energy efficient and renewable energy Investments and adopt best practice energy management Individuals, households and community Institutions choose energy efficient technologies, adopt energy efficient behaviours and make greater use of renewable energy The public sector demonstrates leadership by adopting greater energy efficiency and renewable energy

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

An assessment by the Council of Canadian Academies released in 2015 suggests that Canada can significantly reduce its GHG emissions through the use of commercially available technologies in key sectors of the economy." The assessment identifies many existing technologies that are capable of delivering superior improvements in energy efficiency and increasing the production of zero-emission electricity.These technologies are available in the market and complement current improvements in energy efficiency, in addition to contributing to decarbonise the electricity generation sector.The report also highlights the possibility of stimulating the transition to low carbon emissions when renewing infrastructure.

CAN

North America

ARTICLE 7 Investment Regime - An Investment Regime for the construction of new works destined to the production of electrical energy generated from renewable energy sources is established for a period of TEN (10) years, which will govern with the scope and limitations established in this law. ARTICLE 8 - Beneficiaries - The beneficiaries of the regime established by article 7, will be the natural and/or legal persons who are holders of investments and concessionaires of new works for the production of electrical energy generated from renewable energy sources, approved by the authority. of application and included within the scope established in article 20, located in the national territory, whose production is intended for the Wholesale Electricity Market (MEM) or the provision of public services. ARTICLE 9 - Benefits - The beneficiaries mentioned in article 8 who are dedicated to carrying out electric power production ventures from renewable energy sources under the terms of this law and who meet the conditions established therein, They will enjoy from the approval of the respective project and during the term established in article 7, the following promotional benefits:

ARG

Latin America & Caribbean

Rural energy strategy and Master plan for Liberia until 2030 (RESMP) (2016) Liberia Rural renewable energy sector projects (LRRESP) Mount Coffee Hydropower Project (MCHP) (December 2016) Firestone hydroelectricity power station (1942) West African Power Pool (WAPP) - Cote d'Ivoire - Liberia - Sierra Lone- Guinea (CLSG) interconnection project- 2006 49% of households use modem cooking devices by 2020, 72% by 2025 and 95% by 2030 By 2030, RESMP to: Electrification rate for rural population outside Monrovia to reach 35% More than 75% of all electricity generated from renewable energy with 19% coming from other than large hydro: Mini-hydro, Solar and Biomass. Universal access to affordable solar lamps, efficient appliances and cookstoves. Cooking gas available in all county capitals and efficiently produced charcoal widespread across the country Law/ policy The Master Plan identifies 92 projects and investments to electrify 265 000 homes and 1.34M people outside Monrovia until 2030. The LRRESPs are collections of government, private, Project community and donor projects on renewable energy in Lofa, Nimba, Bong, Sinoe, Montserrado and Margibi counties with the total production of 15.8 MW The MCHP increases access to electricity and fosters the use Project of renewable energy sources by providing 88MW to the nation's energy use. The Firestone Hydroelectricity power station was built in 1942 | Project with the initial objective to supply power to the United States military facility during world war II and the city of Robertsfield. Currently, it supplies 4.8MW to the Firestone Rubber plantations and the city of Harbel in Margibi County. To increasing the share of renewable sources of electricity, mostly hydropower, and importing cheaper electricity from the regional market through the WAPP-CLSG line. Imported 27MW from Ivory coast through the WAPP-CLSG project Project

LBR

Sub-Saharan Africa

regions which can be identified from north to south as follows (see Figure 1.2): Brazil and west to the Orinoco River in Venezuela. Eroded material from the Guiana Shield rainforest-covered hill and mountain land stretching east and south to the Amazon River in

SUR

Latin America & Caribbean

The projected fuel and energy balance of Russia for the period up to 2030 provides for the following: reduction in the share of gas in the primary energy consumption from 52% in 2005 to 46-47% by 2030; increase in the share of non-fuel energy in the primary energy consumption from 11% up to 13-14% by 2030; large-scale reduction in the specific energy intensity of the economy and the energy sector (by 2.1-2.3 times) along with insignificant growth of domestic consumption (by 1.4-1.6 times), export (by 1.1-1.2 times) and production (1.3-1.4 times) of energy. Indicators of strategic development of the resource base of the fuel and energy complex for the period up to 2030 are indicated in Appendix 3.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Reduction Unconditional level estimated to reach up to more than 500 million USD. The investments can be made jointly by the Government of Suriname and development partners. Forests: In accordance with the 2015 NDC unconditional contribution, Suriname intends to increase efforts at sustainable forest and ecosystem management and stabilizing and minimizing deforestation and forest degradation unconditionally. Opportunities for emission reductions through Sustainable Forest Management practices of up to 40% exist. In accordance with the 2015 NDC unconditional contribution, Suriname has established 14% of its total land area under a national protection system and will continue to pursue the expansion of this system by increasing the percentage of forests and wetlands under protection to at least 17% of the terrestrial area by 2030, in line the UN CBD Aichi target. Electricity: Suriname's commitment to reduce emissions through the use of renewable energy was reflected in the 2015 conditional contribution to ensure the share of renewable energy stays above 25 % by 2025. This NDC extends and deepens the target with an unconditional contribution to maintain the share of electricity from renewable sources above 35% by 2030. Suriname will adopt a Renewable Energy Act to provide the legal, economic and institutional basis for the promotion of the use of renewable energy resources. The Act will focus on methods of electrification serving the interior, such as grid expansion (connecting off-grid systems to the national grid), solar PV systems, mini-grids, and micro- and small-scale hydropower development. The government is committed to implement fiscal sustainability measures to promote energy efficiency. The current tariff is a disincentive to private investment in more efficient technology. Against the backdrop of growing electricity demand these measures present a win-win, as they reduce the need for new generation capacity as well as free up government resources for investment. In view of the impact of

SUR

Latin America & Caribbean

This trajectory rests on the integration of five technological transformations: complementary There are many plausible pathways through 2050 to achieving a net-zero emissions economy. However, developments in these sectors over time are interdependent. For example, widespread adoption in leading energy efficiency practices in buildings could significantly impact overall electricity demand, reducing the amount of new clean energy installations Others have focused on overall long-term technological transformations and associated emission reduction strategies that would be necessary for reduction to net-zero in the U.S. by 2050. Many of these 2050 studies address emissions reduction across the entire economy and for all gases [14] [22] [23]; others focus on specific areas or sectors such as energy, electricity [13] [24], transportation [25], or manufacturing [26]. This research has advanced thinking about what is possible within the United States and what robust strategies to reach 2050 net-zero could look like. The assessment and analytical approaches presented here are original to this report but also recognize the many insights offered in this wider literature, including but not limited to studies specifically on 2050 net-zero pathways. Insights from this literature are consistent in what they tell us about the critical elements supporting the long-term emissions reduction trajectory for the United States.

USA

North America

The policy objective is to ensure availability of modern energy services for all Liberians, in both the urban and rural areas. Currently, about 10% of urban residents and less than 2% of rural residents have electricity access largely from self-generation using expensive imported fuel. By 2015, in line with the Millennium Development Goals as adopted by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Government expects to achieve the following goals: 40% of Liberian citizens living in rural and peri-urban areas and using traditional biomass for cooking shall have access to improved stoves and kerosene or efficient-gas cookers in order to reduce indoor pollution; 30% of the urban and peri-urban population shall have access to reliable modern energy services enabling them to meet their basic needs (lighting, cooking, communication, and small production- related activities); 15% of the rural population and 25% of the schools, clinics, and community centers in rural areas shall have access to modern energy services to meet the same basic needs.

LBR

Sub-Saharan Africa

The revised Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001) and the amended Energy Efficiency Directive (2018/2002) set separate EU level targets on renewable energy and energy efficiency in 2018. For renewable energy, a binding target of at least 32 % of final energy consumption by 2030 was set. Concerning energy efficiency, it is a headline target of at least 32.5 %. Both the renewable energy target and the energy efficiency target include a review clause by 2023 for an upward revision. Beyond these periods and targets, on 28 November 2018, the European Commission presented and adopted its strategic vision for 2050. Under the Long Term Strategic Vision on GHG Emissions Reduction, the European Commission showed long-term pathways and called for a climate-neutral Europe by 2050. It is expected that the long-term strategy is adopted and submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as required under the Paris Agreement. In Table 6, all GHG relevant targets for the EU and their key facts are displayed in an overview. On the left, the table includes the international commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. On the right, the EU commitments under the 2020 Climate and Energy Package and the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework are listed.

CYP

Europe & Central Asia

It was an important step in the EU's climate policy that on June 29, 2007, the European Commission accepted its first adaptation draft, which was put up for public discussion in the form of a Green Book in Brussels. The most important element of this is the principle of integration. According to this, the climate policy must be integrated into the development policy, i.e. it must be made one of the central elements of the cohesion policy. In other words, interventions related to climate change should not be planned and implemented independently, but in organic unity with community-sourced planning and development. (Excerpts from the material: "Global warming is a fact. Climate change is taking place, even accelerating. What we see today is only an early sign of climate change, a consequence of our greenhouse gas emissions so far. Europe must sound a wake-up call to protect itself from the consequences of the catastrophic unfolding of climate change during our century. ") At its spring meeting in 2007, the European Council discussed the energy policy and climate change "package" put forward by the European Commission and adopted conclusions that the Union will advocate in international negotiations the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in developed countries by 2020 must be reduced by 30 percent compared to the level of 1990. In addition, the Union has set as an independent goal that even in the absence of the implementation of the international framework, it undertakes to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by at least 20 percent compared to the level of 1990 by 2020. Furthermore, comprehensive in the event of the establishment of a global emission reduction framework, the Union is ready to reduce emissions by up to 30% by 2020. The implementation of this reduction and the improvement of the Union's energy security are served by the package of energy policy proposals adopted in March 2007, within the framework of which the goal was to By 2020, the European Uni cover 20 percent of its total energy consumption from renewable energy sources, achieve 20 percent energy savings compared to 1990, and increase the proportion of biofuels to 10 percent in the case of liquid fuels. The 10 percent commitment applies to all EU member states, but in the case of greenhouse gas emission reduction, the renewable share and energy efficiency, the commitment is a

HUN

Europe & Central Asia

L. - Public or private persons operating an aerodrome defined in the first two paragraphs of I of Article 1609 quatervicies A of the General Tax Code establish, no later than December 31, 2016, a program of actions that they decide to implement. implemented to reduce greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutant emissions resulting from direct and ground activities of the airport platform, in terms of aircraft taxiing and vehicle circulation on the platform in particular. The objective of reducing the intensity of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants is, compared to 2010, at least 10% in 2020 and at least 20% in 2025. Gas intensity greenhouse effect is the ratio between the volume of emissions of these gases and the number of traffic units on the platform concerned in the same year. The reduction target applies to all of the aerodromes mentioned in the first paragraph of this I. II. - Land and air vehicles used for operational defence, security, intervention, fire and rescue missions are not affected by these action programs.

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

Below are the priority actions that will contribute to the sustainable management of the country's water resources, which are part of the goals of the K'atun National Development Plan: Our Guatemala 2032. These actions appear in an orderly manner as derived from the objective and the results established for the subject and the expected goals. 136 Goal defined in the National Development Plan Katun Nuestra Guatemala 2032. The LMCC (2013) contemplates in chapter 5 what is related to GHG Mitigation. The PANCC, in addition to responding to the INDC commitments, responds to the guidelines and mandates contained therein. What was established for this purpose by the PNCC, the K'atun Development Plan: Our Guatemala 2032 (CONADUR, 2014) and the SDGs were also taken into account.

GTM

Latin America & Caribbean

Under this comprehensive plan, the government aims to lower energy intensity (national primary energy consumption per unit of GDP) in 2030 by 20 % compared to the 2013 level: A total of 95 million toe (113 billion m of gas equivalent) is expected to be saved during the period.

BGD

South Asia

Figure 28 - Distribution of energy consumption in the service sector in the BAU and EA scenarios........... ..........48 Figure 29 - Distribution of energy consumption in the industrial sector in the BAU and EA scenario.......... ........49 Figure 30 - Distribution of energy consumption in the transport sector in the BAU and EA scenarios............... .........51 Figure 31 - Distribution of energy consumption in the transport sector according to different modes of transport in the BAU and EA scenario............... .........52 ..53 Figure 32- Composition of electricity consumption in the BAU and EA scenarios. Figure 33 - Composition of installed electricity capacities in the BAU and EA scenarios....54 Figure 34 - Composition of electricity generation in the BAU and EA scenarios.................54 Figure 35 - GHG emissions from industrial processes and product use (million COeq/year), 2000-2018........... ..........56 Figure 36 - GHG emissions from industrial processes and product use (million COeq/year) by gas type, 2000-2018.. ..........57 Figure 37 - Expected change of GHG emissions from industrial processes and product use between 2020 and 2050 under different.... ..........62 Figure 38 - Trend of agricultural GHG emissions by inventory category between 1990 and 2018... ..........63 Figure 39 - Quantitative change in the dominant sources of agricultural GHG emissions between 1990 and 2018......... .........64 Figure 40 - Expected change of GHG emissions in the agricultural sector between 2016 and 2050 in the event of the realization of the BAU and EA scenarios.......... .........67 Figure 41-Net CO2 and 'non-CO2 emissions of the LULUC sector between 2020 and 2040 ..........69 Figure 42 - Estimated GHG emission and absorption trends in the LULUCF sector between 1985 and 2018............... .........70 Figure 43 - Expected change of forest cover and forest ecosystems by 2065 if the BAU scenario is realized....... .........72

HUN

Europe & Central Asia

Building climate resilient green economy is a key agenda across sectors in GTP II. Accordingly, target is set in crop production to reduce 77.9 million metric ton greenhouse gases by 2030 of which 25.97 million metric ton is to be reduced during the GTP II period by using agricultural inputs that have low greenhouse gas emission, execution of systems that increase production and expansion of small scale irrigations.

ETH

Sub-Saharan Africa

Turkey's Strategic Goals within the scope of basic principles are listed in the Strategy Document as follows. In accordance with the principle of "increased but differentiated responsibilities" of BMIDCS and within the framework of its special conditions; to include the policies and measures for combating climate change and adaptation into national development plans, To increase the level of national preparedness and capacity in order to reduce the negative effects of global climate change and adapt to these effects; To share the experience and gains gained in these efforts with the countries in the region, to develop bilateral and multilateral joint research projects for mitigation and adaptation, to design the global strategic objectives under the main headings of mitigation, harmonization, technology transfer and financing, taking into account the responsibilities of the parties, and To comply with the implementation of the law and to play an active role in international activities, Increasing access to financial resources needed to carry out mitigation and adaptation activities, Developing research-development and innovation capacity for cleaner production, taking into account our current technology and development level, creating national and international financial resources and incentive mechanisms that will increase competition and production in this field., Developing activities within the scope of combating and adapting to climate change through effective and continuous coordination, with transparent, participatory and scientific decision-making processes,

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

Singapore is currently working to reduce emissions by 16% below 2020 business-as-usual (BAU) levels in line with its 2009 Copenhagen pledge. Having ratified the Paris Agreement on 21 September 2016, Singapore has also formalised its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), which aims to reduce the country's Emissions Intensity by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030, and to stabilise its emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030.

SGP

East Asia & Pacific

Community Energy Space (EEC) - Community, municipality or district, off-grid or on-grid, for which a Sustainable Community Energy Plan (PCES) is prepared. Sustainable Community Energy Plan (PCES) - Local plan for the development of energy sources, renewable and non-renewable, at the community level, off-grid or on-grid, detailing the composition and characteristics of domestic, agricultural, commercial energy supply, industrial and public, with a view to defining appropriate and sustainable interventions for renewable energies. Global Energy Master Plan (PDEG) - Aggregate of Electricity Master Plans (Generation, Transport and Distribution), which include renewable and non-renewable sources, electrification programs and the establishment of local electricity networks, and the National Program for New and Renewables (PNENR), to be developed following the approval of this Strategy.

MOZ

Sub-Saharan Africa

While taking into account the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, Cte d'Ivoire, like African economies, will have to take up the challenge of development in order to improve the standard and quality of life of its population.. The imperious need for this development, which involves in particular the increase in agricultural production, agro-industrial transformation and the continuation, or even the acceleration, of the provision of modern energy to all the inhabitants, does not nothing about the political will of the country to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, Cte d'Ivoire needs support to pursue the path of sustainable development, respectful of the environment and concerned with the challenges of climate change. This scenario describes the evolution of GHG emissions by 2030 on the basis of low-carbon orientations in the main sectors of activity, in particular, energy, processes

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

Key Programs A complete overhaul of customer interfaces in all energy delivery points will be made to change the customer perception of the energy sector. Quality of supply will be ensured by adhering to a scheme of stated quality standards, whilst developing the Strategies:

LKA

South Asia

(2) Biofuels and bioliquids produced from waste and residues, other than residues from agriculture, aquaculture, fishing and forestry, may be introduced on the market, which must only meet the sustainability criterion provided for in paragraph. (3) lit. a). (3) The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions due to the use of biofuels and bioliquids compared to greenhouse gas emissions due to the use of fossil fuels is: a) a minimum of 35%, starting from January 1, 2012; b) of at least 50%, starting from January 1, 2017; c) of at least 60%, starting from January 1, 2018, in the case of biofuels produced in installations where production started on January 1, 2017 or after this date. (4) In the case of biofuels and bioliquids produced in facilities in operation on January 23, 2008, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions due to their use, compared to greenhouse gas emissions due to the use of fossil fuels, is minimum 35%, starting from April 1, 2013. Paragraph (4) was amended by point 3. of Decision no. 918/2012 starting from 14.09.2012.

ROU

Europe & Central Asia

power generation must be safely managed. It is therefore necessary to expand the capacity for In selecting a final disposal site, it is necessary to decide on a location where safety of disposal can be adequately secured. GOJ will therefore seek understanding on the site-selection by suggesting a location that is scientifically considered to be better suited and by explaining the geological and environmental characteristics of the site from scientific viewpoints. As it is also important for the local communities concerned to proactively make decision, a mechanism for local consensus building involving residents representing various positions will be created. Furthermore, GOJ will study and implement support measures that contribute to sustainable growth of the region which has accepted construction of a geological disposal site in cooperation with municipalities as a measure to return to the region the benefits brought to the whole society in the form of a solution to a problem shared by the Japanese people. Based on this concept, the most up-to-date scientific knowledge concerning the technical reliability of geological disposal will be periodically and continuously evaluated and reflected in the policy. GOJ will promote study and research on alternative disposal options of spent fuels including direct disposal method. Additionally, research and study on the impact to be produced if retrievability is maintained without closing disposal sites will be implemented in order to identify the specifics of the appropriate state of management of high-level radioactive waste for the period until the closure of disposal sites.

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

B. Instruct the Electricity Authority to set, no later than June 31, 2017, subject to its statutory authorization, arrangements for implementing the plan prepared by the Energy Minister as per subclause (A). C. Task the Energy Minister, in accordance with clause 57A of the Electric Power Industry Law, with continuing to work toward achieving the target of 10% electricity generation from renewable energy sources, out of the total national electricity consumption in 2020, according to Government Decision 4450 of January 29, 2009. D. Set up an interministerial team, headed by the Director General of the Ministry of Energy, with the participation of representatives from the Electricity Authority and Ministry of Finance, and including representatives of the Administration of Planning, the Israel Land Authority, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the Government Assessor, to evaluate obstacles to building renewable energy facilities and to submit recommendations for minimizing these obstacles. The team will evaluate, among other things, the following issues:

ISR

Middle East & North Africa

Carbon intensity of energy production in tCO₂e/TJ (left) and in tCO₂e/USD million (right) on m ambition 2030 2040 -NDC 2030 BAU 2050 million tCO_e/USD 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 -2000 2010 Late Action -Maximum ambition QEDZ 2040 2050 NDC 2030 BAU וכססע 12 10 2 0 noz 2020 Late Action Maximum ambit

ETH

Sub-Saharan Africa

As an island nation surrounded by water, we will also aggressively explore renewable opportunities afforded by our geography and geology, including tidal and geothermal. And we are actively exploring the potential for international projects to provide clean, affordable and secure power, for example by expanding the Contracts for Difference scheme. Low-carbon nuclear supplies 15 per cent of our electric lifeblood as a steady source of generation to complement intermittent renewables. Nuclear is the only form of reliable, low carbon electricity generation which has been proven at scale and returns more than a hundred times as much power as a solar site of the same size. We can only secure a big enough baseload of reliable power for our island by drawing on nuclear. Our aim is to lead the world once again in a technology we pioneered so that by 2050, up to a quarter of our power consumed in Great Britain is from nuclear. When Her Majesty The Queen opened the world's first nuclear power station at Calder Hall in Cumbria in 1956, she described being present at the making of history. The UK had indeed led the world as the first country to split the atom, and the first to pioneer this new form of power.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

In 2014, Thailand submitted its NAMAS to UNFCCC, pledging to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in energy and transportation sectors by 7-20 percent from the projected business as usual level by 2020. The target of 7% GHG mitigation in 2020 is intended to be achieved using domestic resources, while additional emission reduction up to 20% is subject to sufficient international support under the UNFCCC.

THA

East Asia & Pacific

3.2.6.1. Development of an organization for establishing the needs of renewable energy /solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, etc. in Mongolia, creating a database, researching and analyzing new techniques and technologies; 3.2.6.2. increase the share of renewable energy in the installed energy capacity to 20 percent in 2020 and 30 percent in 2030; 3.2.6.3. creating a favorable legal and tax environment for increasing investments in the field of renewable energy, and creating a financing mechanism to support the production of renewable energy;

MNG

East Asia & Pacific

The Energy sector development was to expand the electricity supply coverage further, lower the tariff, and strengthen institutional mechanisms and management capacity by constructing and operating several hydropower plants such as (i) Kamchay Hydropower Plant with a total of 193.2 MW; Third Kirirom Hydropower Plant with capacity of 18 MW; Atai Hydropower Plant with capacity of 120 MW; Stung Russeychrum Krom Hydropower Plant with a capacity of 103 MW and a total capacity of 338 MW; and Coal-fired Power Plant in Preah Sihanouk with a capacity of 100 MW (RGC, 2014). Although significant progress has been made, the energy sector also faces challenges of electricity production from hydropower plants, which provides sufficient supply only in rainy season, while in dry season, power production is only 25%. Thus, there is a need to step up the implementation of the electrification strategy to realize the goal "by 2020, all villages in Cambodia will have access to electricity supplied by the national grid and other sources".

KHM

East Asia & Pacific

Forests will be a key part of the Finnish bioeconomy and therefore the NFS aims to increase the use of wood to replace fossil resources with renewable biomass. The objectives and measures in the National Energy and Climate Strategy for 2030 are consistent with the policy defined in the NFS regarding the increase in industrial roundwood and energy wood, and they will help achieve the target set by the directives on promoting the use of energy from renew able sources. The global economic development will greatly influence the achievements of the NFS goals. ucts, which affect the amount of domestic commercial roundwood fellings. 59 1093/1996 (amendment 1085/2013)

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

Separate targets on renewable energy and energy efficiency had been set under the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework and updated. For renewable energy a binding target of at least 32% of final energy consumption by 2030 has been set (Portugal committed to a 47% share of renewables in its gross final energy consumption). With regards to energy efficiency it is a headline target of at least 32.5% of final energy efficiency, expressed in primary or final energy consumption (Portugal committed to a 35% reduction in primary energy consumption, as result of an increase in energy efficiency). A target of 15% of interconnection capacity for electricity interconnections, so as to ensure the full participation of all Member States in the integration of the internal energy market (Portugal committed to the same target). These targets are defined in the National Energy and Climate Plan (see below more information).

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

culture will rise further, and the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation will be further strengthened. -New gains in ecological civilization construction will be achieved. The spatial pattern of development and protection of the nation's land will be optimized, and the green transformation of modes of production and living will show striking results. The allocation of energy resources will be further rationalized, and utilization efficiency will be greatly improved. Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 13.5% and 18% respectively, total emissions of the main pollutants will continue to fall, and the rate of forest coverage will increase to 24.1%. The ecological environment will continue to improve, ecological safety barriers will be made more secure, and urban and rural living environments will be significantly improved. -The people's well-being will reach new levels. More fulfilling and higher-quality employment will be achieved, the urban surveyed unemployment rate will be maintained below 5.5%, the growth of per capita disposable income of residents will be basically synchronized with the growth of GDP, and the distribution structure will be significantly improved. There will be a significant increase in equitable access to basic public services, the education level of the whole nation will rise continuously, the average years of education of the working-age population will increase to 11.3 years, the multi-level social security system will be more robust, the basic old-age insurance participation rate will increase to 95%, and the health system will be improved. Average life expectancy will increase by 1 year, the results of the poverty alleviation campaign will be consolidated and expanded, the rural revitalization strategy will be promoted comprehensively, and the people as a whole will together take solid steps toward greater prosperity.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

2° 80 to 95 percent CO2 equivalents of the base year quantity by 2050. The opinion of the Committee of Experts allows further reflection to refine this objective. http://awac.be/images/Pierre/Chgt climatique/pol wallonne/2019 % 2002%2022%20- %20Avis%20no5_PWEC.pdf

BEL

Europe & Central Asia

Policies Constitution of Kenya (2010) Kenya Vision 2030 National Policy for the Sustainable Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands National Disaster Management Policy, 2012 National Environment Policy (2013) Environmental Management and Coordination Act (1999) Kenya Forestry Master Plan (1995-2020) Second National Environment Action Plan (2009-2013) National Water Master Plan 2030 Water Act (2002) Agricultural Sector Development Strategy, 2010- 2020 Energy Policy and Act (2004) The Feed in Tariffs (FiTs) Policy (2008,revised 2012) Integrated National Transport Policy (2010) Measures to mainstream climate change A clean and health environment (Articles 42, 69 and 70) is a fundamental right under the Bill of Rights, providing a rationale for the formulation of adaptation and mitigation legislation, policies and strategies. The Constitution establishes the right to food security while emphasizing sustainable and productive management of land and natural resources, such as a goal of tree cover of 10 per cent of the country's land area. The national development blueprint has many plans and programs that factor in aspects of adaptation and mitigation. Its flagship projects include irrigation expansion, geothermal development and slum rehabilitation. Focuses on climate resilience requiring government to find solutions to address climate challenges and to come up with measures to manage drought and strengthen livelihoods. The establishment of the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA), the National Disaster Contingency Fund and the Council for Pastoralists education are provided for in the policy. Mainstreams disaster risk reduction in the country's development initiatives, and aims to increase and sustain resilience of vulnerable communities to hazards. Provide a framework for an integrated approach to planning and sustainable management of Kenya's environment and natural resources. Provides the framework for the management of the environment, including the establishment of NEMA which is a regulator in matters of environment, the Designated National Authority (DNA) for the CDM and the National Implementing Entity (NIE) for the Adaptation Fund. Provides an overarching framework for forestry development and recognises the environmental role of forests including water values

KEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

The COAG Energy Council supports the business sector showing leadership in improving energy productivity and will work with the sector to develop a range of options to support voluntary action. One business initiative is being led by the Doubling Australia's Energy Productivity (2xEP) steering committee, supported by the Australian Alliance to Save Energy, which has been working with industry to develop detailed sector roadmaps and considering a range of programs to support voluntary action and business leadership. The Commonwealth has supported this initiative and will continue working with industry to develop more options for support. The Commonwealth will also promote greater market action to improve commercial buildings and will respond to the Review of the Commercial Building Disclosure programme in early 2016.

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

1. 75% of the population, ie more than 11 million people, will have access by 2015 to a modern cooking service which will continue to be based on wood energy produced, transported and consumed in a sustainable manner. 95% of urban households, of which 31% will use butane gas as their primary cooking energy, will be reached by the objectives. 69% of rural areas will be served as a priority by access to sustainable wood and improved stoves. 2. 52% of rural populations living in localities with more than 1,500 inhabitants in 2015, i.e. 6.25 million people, will live in localities with the driving force to increase labor productivity and have access to modern community services. has. 35% of these populations will have access through electrification to mechanical motive power (multifunctional platform): 26% by electric platforms and 9% by platforms with diesel engines. b. 7% of rural populations living in localities with more than 1,500 inhabitants and not affected by electrification will be equipped by the national PTMF program. 3. 66% of the population, ie 8 million people residing in urban and rural areas, will have access to individual electrical service in 2015, ie: a. 88.5% of urban populations, or 3.6 million inhabitants; 3. 66% of the population, ie 8 million people residing in urban and rural areas, will have access to individual electrical service in 2015, ie: a. 88.5% of urban populations, or 3.6 million inhabitants; b. and 36.6% of rural populations, or 3.4 million inhabitants; vs. in addition: i. 100% of rural populations will have access to a standardized and electrified health service; ii. 62% will have access to a standardized and electrified education service; iii. 13% of the rural population will have access to drinking water through systems with electric pumping. 60% will be supplied by modern water points with human-powered pumps. This choice is linked to the high costs of electrifying boreholes which would represent 37.5% of the cost of the entire current program until 2015.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

b) Specific objectives up to 2020. - Regarding climate change response: Improve the capacity of specialized agencies to forecast, warn and monitor climate change. Forming for each member of society a sense of initiative in preventing and avoiding natural disasters and adapting to climate change. Gradually reduce the loss of life and property caused by natural disasters. Actively prevent and limit the impact of high tides, floods, saltwater intrusion due to sea water. rise in the coastal area, especially the Mekong River Delta, the Red River Delta and the Central Coast, first of all, in the area of Ho Chi Minh City, Can Tho, Ca Mau and other cities. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 8-10% compared to 2010. - On resource management T Assess the potential and value of important resources on land. Achieving an important step forward in the basic fight against natural resources in the master plan, management and exploitation, economical, efficient and sustainable use of national resources. Preventing the trend of decreasing freshwater resources and forest resources, improving the efficiency of pure water use per unit of GDP. Ensuring the balance of land fund for socio-economic development; keep and flexibly use 3.8 million hectares of rice-growing land to ensure food security and improve land use efficiency. Efficient and sustainable exploitation of ecology, landscape and biological resources. Limit the export of products only. Changing the structure of energy use in the direction of increasing ti as renewable energy, new energy over 5% of total commercial primary energy: reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP - and protecting the environment : Not to generate and treat objects to establishments causing serious environmental pollution; 70% of the wastewater discharged into the river basin environment is treated, ships and vessels are treated, 85% of hazardous waste, 100% of medical waste; reuse or on-site over 65% of domestic waste. About 95% of the urban population and 90% of the rural population have access to clean and hygienic water. Kilm safety control, treatment of environmental pollution caused by war consequences. Improve air quality in urban areas. Populated areas. Significantly improve the environment of craft villages and agroforestry areas Reasonable exploitation management, early cessation of exploitation of natural forests, increasing the area of nature reserves to more than 3 million harmonized forest coverage capacity.

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

In the framework of the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, the countries of the European Union have committed themselves to working together to reduce their greenhouse-gas emissions by 20 % by 2020, with respect to the base year (1990 or 1995105). Germany has set itself the national goal of reducing its GHG emissions by at least 40 %, with respect to 1990 levels, by 2020.

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

1.10 Relationship / Conversion of Solar Hijiri calendar - Gregorian calendar In the following figure the conversion of Afghan official calendar to Gregorian calendar is illustrated. In the following table the Afghan months are listed.

AFG

South Asia

Figure 1-10). The figure shows there was an annual increase of estate crops Between 2012 and 2016, the average growth of oil palm plantation increased approximately 5.7% from about 9.5 million ha to 11.9 million ha. Rubber areas have also increased about 0.9%. The area of estate crops in Indonesia can be recognised from Table 1-10. Table 1-9. Production and Harvested Area of Paddy in Indonesia, 2012-2016 Table 1-10. Areas of Estate Crops in Indonesia, 2012-2016

IDN

East Asia & Pacific

In 2016, the government committed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, outlining a clear vision of decarbonisation of the national economy and contributing to the most ambitious objectives under the Paris Agreement. To support this commitment, the government decided to draw up a 2050 Carbon Neutrality Roadmap (RNC2050) with the aim of exploring the feasibility of trajectories that lead to carbon neutrality, identifying the main decarbonisation vectors and estimating the carbon reduction potential of various sectors of the national economy, such as energy and industry, mobility and transport, agriculture, forests and other land uses, and waste and waste water. This National Energy and Climate Plan is based on a strategic vision for the 2030 horizon of "Promoting the decarbonisation of the economy and the energy transition towards carbon neutrality in 2050 as an opportunity for the country, based on a democratic and fair model of territorial cohesion that enhances wealth generation and the efficient use of resources", being its decisive contribution to the definition of This report constitutes the 4th Biennial Report of Portugal, as required under Decision 2/CP.17 of the Conference of the Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Article 18(1) of the Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council of 21 May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC.

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

Article 12: Protection of water resources Article 12: Protection of resources Article 12: Water resources protection Section 3: Biodiversity

RWA

Sub-Saharan Africa

A substantial hydrogen programme is to be initiated under this Climate Agreement. The programme will chiefly focus on unlocking the supply of green hydrogen, the development of the necessary infrastructure and collaboration with various sectoral programmes, as well as the facilitation of ongoing initiatives and projects. This programme will also allow the synergy between infrastructure and the use of hydrogen to be advanced. It is crucial that this programme focus on incremental scaling of the production of green hydrogen using sustainable electricity in the short term. This is due to the following: The necessary large-scale production of green hydrogen requires a rapid price reduction of electrolysers and the price of renewable electricity. In respect of electrolysers, a reduction of 65% on the capex of electrolysers must (and, according to the expectations of relevant market parties, can) be realised through upscaling in the lead-up to 2030, from approximately 100 million per 100 MW at present to 35 million per 100 MW, and to 3 - 4 GW of established electrolysis capacity as a result of scaling." In conjunction with the expectations regarding the costs of renewable electricity generation, green hydrogen may become competitive in time. A sufficient volume of renewable electricity is required in order to accommodate the demand for green hydrogen. In this regard, attention should be paid to ensure some link to the growth of electrolysis capacity and the growth of offshore wind energy. Consideration should also be given to the way in which the capacity, use and location of electrolysis plants could contribute to the integration of renewable electricity into the energy system. The impact on infrastructure should be included in the comprehensive infrastructure survey for 2030-2050 that GasUnie and TenneT will carry out in 2020. Given the Netherlands' excellent starting position regarding the production and use of hydrogen, the Netherlands will be able to take a leading position in this field if our country is able to take the lead in developments. This programme aims to have realised 3 - 4 GW of established capacity of electrolysers by 2030, with development being in alignment with the additional growth of the share of renewable electricity.

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

National Plan for developing The Renewable Energy in Libya Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Authority of Libya (REAOL) September 2012

LBY

Middle East & North Africa

Ministries/agencies National ministries and agencies 1. Hydrometeorological Service Center (Uzhydromet) 2. 3. 5. Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Ministry of Energy State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Ecology and Environmental Protection Ministry of Innovative Development Role in fulfilling obligations under the UNFCCC Coordination of activities on CC issues, implementation of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. Preparation of National Communications and Biennial Reports with updated data under the UNFCCC (Article 13 of the Paris Agreement). Estimation of emissions and preparation of inventory of greenhouse gases. Preparation and updating of NDC in accordance with the requirements of the Paris Agreement (Article 4 of the Paris Agreement). Preparation of the National Adaptation Plan. - Development of sectoral guidelines for conducting an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions. - Carrying out scientific research of CC processes, assessing the impact of their consequences on the natural environment, sectors of the economy and the population. Development of a climate monitoring system, including forecasts, data exchange, etc. Improvement of the environmental pollution monitoring system. Authorized body for the promotion and implementation of the "green" economy. Responsible for reducing the carbon intensity of GDP, modernizing the infrastructure of industrial enterprises using clean and environmentally friendly technologies and industrial processes. - Ensuring that environmental aspects are taken into account in all sectors of the economy. Coordination of implementation of projects on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector. Carrying out state policy in the field of energy-saving and reducing the energy intensity of the economy, stimulating the introduction of advanced resource and energy- saving technologies in the sectors of the economy and the household sector, developing renewable energy sources, expanding the production and use of motor fuel with improved environmental characteristics, ensuring access to modern, inexpensive and reliable energy supply. - Providing information on the "energy" sector for estimating greenhouse gas emissions, for assessing mitigation measures, updating NDC. - Implementation of projects aimed

UZB

Europe & Central Asia

4 expansion path 1. an annual gross increase in onshore wind turbines with an installed capacity of a) 2,800 megawatts in the years 2017 to 2019 and b) 2,900 megawatts from 2020, 2. an increase in the installed capacity of offshore wind turbines a) 6,500 megawatts in 2020 and b) 15,000 megawatts in 2030, 3. an annual gross addition of solar systems with an installed capacity of 2,500 megawatts u 4. an annual gross addition of biomass systems with an installed capacity of a) 150 megawatts in the years 2017 to 2019 and b) 200 megawatts in the years 2020 to 2022. footnote

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

part 84 regulations will be submitted as import filings and collected through a CBP electronic system (e.g., ACE and its successor platforms). CBP will make these import filing data elements available to EPA for review. EPA is requiring that these data elements be filed no later than 14

USA

North America

Our Key Commitments Harnessing UK strengths in R&D to reach net zero Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Land use policies By means of urban structure development measures, emission reductions amounting to 0.4 Mt CO a year can be achieved by 2030 compared to the basic scenario. The most significant solutions that concern cutting emissions are associated with sustainable urban development: urban structure and effective functioning of urban subregions, coordination of land use and transport, creating preconditions for renewable energy production and enabling a low-emission lifestyle. In urban subregions, the preconditions for this include good public transport services and a network of pedestrian and cycling routes, a living and well-functioning city centre and good accessibility of recreational and green areas. Effective urban subregions are a prerequisite for a thriving business life and Finland's competitiveness. There may be significant differences between the practical solutions used to reduce emissions in different parts of the country. In land use planning and construction and when making efforts to develop the steering of these sectors, preparation is made for utilising solar power. In land use planning, Finland will prepare to utilise extensively the country's wind power potential. In order to minimise the negative impacts of wind power plants, an effort will primarily be made to centralised wind power construction in large units at a sufficient distance from permanent housing.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

The FSM recognizes the humanitarian imperative to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions at the global level by 2050 in order to preserve a reasonable chance at achieving the long-term temperature goal under Article 2 of the Paris Agreement. The FSM's ambitious contributions in the energy sector are well in line with this objective, particularly when considered in light of the country's development circumstances. With the provision of the necessary means of implementation from international sources, the FSM has the potential and the political will to take even greater action in the energy sector and other high emitting sectors with a view to achieving net zero emissions as soon as possible. The FSM also recognizes the substantial sustainable development co-benefits that would accompany such an ambitious undertaking.

FSM

East Asia & Pacific

b) a green certificate for wind power plants; (2²) The recovery of deferred green certificates according to the provisions of para. (2¹) (9) The green certificates issued by the transport and system operator are valid for 12 months.

ROU

Europe & Central Asia

Annex C: Supplementary material for emissions projections Table C.1: Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projections analysis Appendix C.1: Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projections analysis

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

Stakeholders recommend not to pre-empt, on a large scale, technical discussions around the taxonomy on significantly harmful activities by making a strict reference to all activities excluded from the Paris-aligned benchmark. They rather suggest limiting this list to companies with at least 1% of exploration, mining, extraction, distribution or refining of hard coal and lignite and those with at least 10% of exploration, extraction, distribution or refining of oil fuels. In addition, they stated that, as demonstrated by the European Commission's recent communication published with the delegated act on the Taxonomy on climate objectives, activities affected by such an exclusion that are related to natural gas will be subject to political discussions on their potential and conditional inclusion in the Taxonomy or an associated trajectory towards carbon neutrality. Also, activities relating to electricity generation with a threshold higher than the Taxonomy threshold of 100g CO2/kwh will be subject to discussions around a transition trajectory towards carbon neutrality by 2050. As regards the exposures towards companies excluded from EU Paris-aligned Benchmarks, stakeholders insist on the fact that, in order to achieve a zero-carbon economy, the challenge is to green the economy. This goal will be better achieved by implementing an inclusive approach aimed at fostering the development and

EUR

Europe & Central Asia

Mitigation measure ELECTRICITY Reduction of CO emissions from natural gas-fired electricity generation** Brief description Regulation on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions- coal-fired thermal electricity sector Brief description Strategic electricity grid interconnections ** Brief Description Smart Grid Program** Targeted Sectors Electricity Targeted GHGs Targeted Objective or Activity CO Ensure the efficiency of natural gas-fired electricity generation and set limits on the use of thermal power plants converted to run on natural gas Instrument Type CO Regulatory Implementer Reduce GHG Emissions from Electricity Generation Environment Regulation from and Climate Change Coal Canada Support large clean energy generation and transmission projects that reduce significantly reduce GHG emissions Support the deployment and demonstration of networks Environment and Climate Change Canada Economy Status of implementation Infrastructure Canada, Canada Infrastructure Bank, Natural Resources Canada Measure planned By 2018, the Government of Canada finalize new performance standards that will impose emission limits for natural gas-fired electricity generation Draft federal regulations for natural gas-fired electricity generation are expected to be released in December 2017 for public comment, and the final version of the regulations is expected to be published by winter 2018. These regulations will help ensure that new natural gas-fired electricity generation is efficient and set limits on the use of thermal power plants in the coal converted to run on natural gas Electricity CO Natural Resources Canada Start of implementation 2020 Implemented 2015 Measure planned This regulation under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 applies a standard of performance at new coal-fired thermal power plants and at existing thermal power plants at the end of their life (generally after 50 years). The performance standard of 420 tonnes CO, per gigawatt-hour came into effect on July 1, 2015. The regulations are expected to result in a net reduction of approximately 214 Mt CO, eq of GHGs for the period from 2015 to 2035. The Government of Canada announced its intention to amend these regulations to expedite measures and phase out coal-fired electricity generation by December 31, 2029. Draft amendments were released in December 2017, with final amendments expected to be released by December 2018. Electricity CO Planned Action Estimated Mitigation Impact in 2020 (kt CO eq) 2018 NE 2018 3,100 kt The program provides financial support to large clean energy generation and transmission projects that can transport clean

CAN

North America

However, as part of a global and comprehensive agreement for the period beyond 2012, Switzerland reiterated its conditional offer to move from its target of a 20 per cent emission reduction by 2020 compared with 1990 levels to a 30 per cent emission reduction, provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions and that developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabil ities (see FCCC/S8/2011/INF.1/Rev.1).

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

Finally, the particular situation of the university park, which represents around 15% of the surfaces of the State park, could give rise to the experimentation of more ambitious and more global economic models of renovation. Indeed, if the dynamic of university renovation already benefits from the investments of the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation within the framework of the State-Region Plan Contracts, to the tune of approximately 150 M per year (80% being allocated in particular to construction/rehabilitation operations), as well as the support and financing of the Caisse des Dpts et consignations, in particular of the intracting type (see below), the scale of the investments to be made, the rapid increase in the energy bill as well as the strict conditions for recourse to borrowing call for reinforced action. The State will improve the monitoring of consumption and the overall management of its building stock in order to reduce its consumption by 15% by 2022 compared to 2010. An additional 1 billion euros will be allocated as a priority to the renovation of administrative centers through the Great investment plan. Energy renovation plan for buildings

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

7. 8. 9. sector. In 2015, Typhoon Nangka cost RMI more than 3% of its GDP in a single night. As king tides become more frequent and intense, salt water is increasingly seeping into fresh water lenses, creating urgent challenges for the islands. Raising support to assist with adaptation efforts remains a significant challenge. RMI has matched its international leadership in calling for greater ambition with equally ambitious domestic action. In 2015 RMI became the first Small Island Developing State (SIDS) to table its post-2020 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This committed the country to a 32% reduction of GHG emissions by 2025, based on 2010 levels. It also made an indicative commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 45% by 2030, based on 2010 levels, thereby setting a projected straight-line intended NDC trajectory to achieve RMI's stated aspiration of net zero GHG emissions by 2050. The NDC was ground breaking in that it contained the first economy-wide absolute GHG emissions reduction target against a base year by a developing country. In 2016 RMI also committed, under the Marrakech Partnership, to achieving 100% renewable energy by 2050. RMI has reiterated its aspiration to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050, including most recently through signing the Declaration of the Carbon Neutrality Coalition at the One Planet Summit in December 2017. The purpose of this 2050 Climate Strategy which is RMI's long-term low greenhouse gas emission climate-resilient development strategy under the Paris Agreement - is to outline a long-term pathway for RMI to achieve its objectives for net zero emissions and 100% renewable energy, as well as to facilitate adaptation and climate resilience in a way that ensures the future protection and prosperity of the country and its women, men and youth.

MHL

East Asia & Pacific

The policies and proposals for heat and buildings in the Net Zero Strategy will... Set a path to all new heating appliances in homes and workplaces from 2035 being low carbon works with the grain of consumer choice. But the costs of low carbon technology can fall quickly - working with industry, we expect a heat pump to be as cheap to buy and run as a gas boiler this decade. We want to reduce electricity costs so when the current gas spike subsides we will look at options to shift or rebalance energy levies (such as RO and FITs) and obligations (such ECO) away from electricity to gas over this decade. This will include looking at options to expand carbon pricing and remove costs from electricity bills while ensuring that we continue to limit any impact on bills overall. We know that in the long run, green products are more efficient and cheaper, and we are putting fairness and affordability at the heart of our approach.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

a. Availability of, and access to safe and nutritious staple food crops through sustainable self reliant increased production from. b. Effective delivery services and essential inputs made available, timely and, affordable, accessible in every District of the country; c. Much greater emphasis will be on facilitating small and medium producers mainly through Cooperatives and Farmers Organizations ii. Horticulture: a. By 2015 a modernized, commercialized and vibrant horticulture sub sector producing competitive products for high value markets (tourist and entertainment industry) and exports; b. Infrastructure, (warehouses, processing facilities, market information systems and transport) are available and being used and are increasing competitiveness, added value, income and employment iii. Livestock: a. sustainable increased production and productivity of livestock, meeting at least 75% of national demands in meat and meat products and by at least 25% of milk products over present levels; iv. Fisheries: a. Fish supplies would have increased by at least 30 % of present levels to meet food, fish security needs of the country particularly of the vulnerable populations; v. Forestry: a. A Special Initiative will be in force, ensuring wood and non-wood forest products are sufficiently available in a sustainable way to meet national requirements; b. Advanced mechanisms in place and being applied in a participatory way, ensuring multiple use of forests and forest resources/products in a sustainable way for food and nutrition security, incomes, employment and investment; h c. At least 20% of the total land area will be under effective forest management. vi. Parks and Wildlife: a. the level of protection and availability of wildlife of the Gambia and their habitat would have risen by at least 75% of present levels, and incidence of pest-farmer conflict on the production of food crops would have been reduced to below 5% of present records; Parks and wild life resources would be under organised and sustainable participatory a. the level of protection and availability of wildlife of the Gambia and their habitat would have risen by at least 75% of present levels, and incidence of pest-farmer conflict on the production of food crops would have been reduced to below 5% of present records; b. Parks and wild life resources would be under organised and sustainable participatory management

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

n systems labeling actions. Cross-cutting measures Investment in energy efficiency and improvement of the participation rate of renewables in the electricity mix by 2030 Establishment of an institutional and regulatory framework for renewables and energy efficiency Strengthening of integration Cte d'Ivoire in the Regional Energy Market, through interconnection with other countries in the region Sub-sectoral measures: Industry Implementation of a strategy to reduce waste in the energy consumption of industries through: - the energy diagnosis or audit to draw up a balance sheet of energy consumption and use; - metering to have reliable and continuous data on - consumption. Encouragement of companies to invest in more energy-efficient equipment Economic Productivity gains and improved competitiveness - Diversification of primary energy sources - Reduction of dependence on fossil fuels - Improvement of access to sources of safe and abundant energy Improvement of the environment around the energy sector - Increase in national income - Reinforcement of the share of Cte d'Ivoire in the GDP of UEMOA Productivity gains Improvement of competitiveness Reduction of the energy bill - Productivity gains -Improvement of competitiveness -Reduction of the energy bill Social Effects/Benefits Development of new qualified employment sectors Impact on health and improvement of the quality of life Reduction of social conflicts Improvement of coverage rates and people's access to energy services Development of new qualified employment sectors Reduction of social conflicts Improvement of coverage rates and people's access to energy services Improvement of the quality of life Reduction of levels Reduction of social conflicts of GHG emissions. in particular CO Improvement of population coverage and access rates to energy services Development of new qualified employment sectors Environmental income gains Development of new qualified employment sectors Reduction of GHG emission levels, particularly CO Decrease pressure on natural resources Reduction in GHG emission levels, particularly CO Reduction in pressure on natural resources Reduction in pressure on natural resources Reduction in GHG emission levels, in particular CO Reduction in ecological footprint - Reduced levels of GHG emissions, particularly CO Reduced pressure on natural resources

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

▶ The strategy includes 5 cross sectoral policy tools (support measures) and action plans for 14 sectors, and will be updated continuously. Green Growth Strategy in line with Cart Neutrality in 2050 Energy Outlook for Carbon Neutrality in 2050 (Reference)

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

c) That the action affects areas included in other declared historical complexes, or that already have a file initiated for this purpose, according to the applicable legislation. In this case, you must have a special plan for conservation, protection, rehabilitation, or a similar figure established by the Autonomous Communities and Cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and have, at least, initial approval, at the time of the request. d) That the action has some co-financing commitment from other Public Administrations. e) That the action includes innovative forms of financing that guarantee a greater contribution of private funds, without directly affecting the owners.

ESP

Europe & Central Asia

In Oct 2020, Prime Minister Suga declared Japan's intention to aim for carbon neutrality by 2050. This challenge has become the core of Japan's growth strategy.

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

The UK's Adaptation Communication provides further detail on UK domestic and international adaptation ambition and action. 10 UK Climate Change Act (2008) http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/27/contents The Environment (Wales) Act (2016)¹¹ requires Welsh Ministers to reduce all emissions in Wales by at least 80% by 2050, against a 1990/1995 baseline. In 2018 the Senedd endorsed the CCC's recommendations and set Wales's targets for 2020 (27%), 2030 (45%) and 2040 (67%), as well as Wales's first two carbon budgets (2016-20 and 2021-25). Following further advice from the CCC, in 2021 the Welsh Government will ask the Senedd to legislate more ambitious targets to 2050, including for 2030. Northern Ireland contributes to UK-wide carbon budgets. Northern Ireland's current energy strategy is set out in the Strategic Energy Framework for the period 2010-20.¹2 Northern Ireland's Department for the Economy is progressing the development of a new longer-term energy strategy to cover the period 2020 to 2050 within the context of achieving net zero emissions by 2050.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

products, so that they are diverse and meet market demand, via co-operative networks of farmers, the private and public sectors; (5) managing agricultural products in the entire system. Planning production to meet the demands of industry in order to achieve a balance

THA

East Asia & Pacific

m Ministries/departments National ministries and departments Center for Hydrometeorological Service (Uzhydromet) 1. N 2. 3. Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Ministry of Energy State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection on the implementation of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. Preparation of National Communications and biennial reports on updated data on the UNFCCC (Article 13 of the Paris Agreement). Estimation of emissions and preparation of an inventory of greenhouse gases. Preparation and updating of the NDC in accordance with the requirements of the Paris Agreement (Article 4 of the Paris Agreement). Preparation of the National Adaptation Plan. Development of sectoral guidelines for conducting an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions. Conducting scientific research on IC processes, assessing the impact of their consequences on the natural environment, sectors of the economy and the population. Development of a climate monitoring system, including forecasts, data exchange, etc. Improving the monitoring system for environmental pollution Authorized body for the promotion and implementation of a green environment. economy. Reducing the carbon intensity of GDP, modernizing the infrastructure of industrial enterprises using clean and environmentally friendly technologies and industrial processes. Ensuring that environmental aspects are taken into account in all sectors of the economy. Coordination of the implementation of projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector. Pursuing a state policy in the field of energy saving and reducing the energy intensity of the economy, stimulating the introduction of advanced resource and energy saving technologies in the sectors of the economy and the domestic sector, developing renewable energy sources, expanding the production and use of motor fuel with improved environmental characteristics, providing access to modern, inexpensive and reliable energy supply. Providing information on the energy sector for estimating greenhouse gas emissions, for estimating mitigation measures, OHB updates. Implementation of projects aimed at improving the energy efficiency of the economy, the development of renewable energy sources. Coordination of work on ecology and environmental protection, ensuring interdepartmental interaction in the development and implementation of a unified environmental and resource-saving policy. Prevention of offenses in the field of environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and waste management. Control over compliance with legislation in the field of waste management, implementation of measures included

UZB

Europe & Central Asia

State programs "Azerbaijan 2020-Outlook for Future" Development Concept State Program on Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2008-2015 State Program on social and economic development of Baku and its settlements in 2011- 2013 State Program of social and economic development of the regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2009-2013 National Program for Actions Bring the volume of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions required to produce an item of the GDP in Azerbaijan close to Economic Cooperation and Development Organization (OECD) requirements; - Build oil, gas and petrochemical complex; - Establishment of technological and industrial parks in the field of industry; - Development of metal industry, aluminum and cement production sectors. Decrease by 20% the conditional fuel used for 1 kw of energy for reducing green-house emissions in the energy sector by 2015; - Increase the proportion of forest areas to total land area to 12.5% by 2015; - Increase the share of protected land area in the total surface area to 12% by 2015; - Achieve treatment of 100% of sewage in the country by 2015; - Achieve 80% recycling and neutralization of solid household wastes in the large cities by 2015; - Capacity building on alternative and renewable energy sources; - minimize any negative impact on the environment from the development of fuel-energy complex; develop action plan to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted from fuel, energy and heat supply systems; - conduct assessment of the climate change impact, reduce the negative impact of climate change on the ecosystem and the economy; - Installation of gas analyzers in intensive traffic flow areas in order to prevent air pollution by vehicles in Baku and other major cities; - Assess climate change impacts; - Modernize monitoring and early warning systems to reduce the impact of disasters that may be caused by climate change; - Create waste database; - Adapt of the legislative and regulatory framework that regulates the protection of the environment to the requirements of international norms and standards and international agreements to which the Republic of Azerbaijan is a party; - Establish

AZE

Europe & Central Asia

Figure 39. Contribution of Mitigation Actions to GHG Emissions Reduction in the Land Transport Sector. As addressed above, long-term mitigation actions include mandating vehicle scrapping or maximum vehicle age in coordination with the increased adoption of EVs and alternative modes of transport for freight, potentially including rail or coastal shipping. The latter could provide alternatives to scrapping trucks. This will need to be defined prior to 2030 in order for Fiji to achieve zero emissions by 2050 due to the long commercial lifespan of trucks. Medium-term mitigation actions include adopting EVs and fostering public transport. These actions can be planned and trialled in the next few years; on-the-ground implementation is not expected in the short-term, but in the period after 2025. Fostering PT will require a detailed project plan about what is required and what systems are most appropriate. For EVs, it is recommended to develop an EV roadmap for Fiji that identifies which vehicle segments and areas to focus on and details the intervention strategies and financial means.

FJI

East Asia & Pacific

A comprehensive, well-resourced and inclusive social safety net protects against a wide range of risks faced by those living below the poverty line and those hovering close to it, particularly women and youth. A social safety net also allows greater economic mobility so that all Myanmar's people may be supported in realising their full potential as citizens and human beings. With few social safety net and protection services in place today, expanding and deepening these programmes throughout the individual's life-cycle will ensure that a package of standard protections is accessible to all citizens. With a priority focus on children and youth, pregnant women, workers and the elderly, these services will promote a holistic, transformative approach, enabling our people to pursue full, happy and productive lives, and allowing our elders to retire with dignity and in safety. The following Action Plans have been identified to achieve this strategy. Strategy 4.4: Increase secure access to food that is safe and well- balanced

MMR

East Asia & Pacific

Tonga Climate Change Policy A Resilient Tonga by 2035 Prepared by the Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Meteorology, Energy, Information, Disaster Management, Environment, Climate Change and Communications in consultation with the Joint National Action Plan on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (NAP) Technical Working Group and national stakeholders, Government of Tonga.

TON

East Asia & Pacific

Greenhouse gas emissions decreased by 15% between 1990 and 2017 (Kyoto scope, excluding LULUCF). At the same time, the population increased by 15% and the GDP by 52% over the same period. Today, among the developed countries, the territorial emissions per inhabitant of the French are among the lowest in the world. This testifies to the effort to decarbonise the economy already made in France, and which will be further amplified by 2030 and 2050. But it also testifies to the tertiarization of the French economy, which is correlated to a drop in its industrial activity. Moreover, most of the budgetary expenditure for the fight against climate change is oriented towards the long term. Indeed, they concern research and transport infrastructure in the modes that emit the least greenhouse gases. This is also the case for tax expenditures, most of which aim to support the renovation of housing. Finally, this is also the case for regulatory action, which obliges investments to make significant energy savings over their entire life cycle. In the longer term, research and development funding is likely to have the greatest impact. Thus, support for the emergence of green sectors and the development of renewable energies (support for onshore and offshore wind power, photovoltaics, renewable gas, biomass) is an essential lever for meeting the challenge of transition energy, which alone will allow a response commensurate with the challenge of climate change, in terms of controlling energy consumption and more generally of lifestyle and low-emission and economical production methods. As detailed above, France has set itself a long-term objective, carbon neutrality on the horizon Effects on emission reduction

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

through the graduated vehicle excise duty regime. In Budget 2007 we announced reduced rates for low-carbon band B cars and increased rates for the most polluting (band G) cars 2. The Government will provide new funding of an initial 20m to support a new programme aimed at accelerating the market penetration of lower carbon vehicles and reducing the barriers faced by companies in moving from prototype demonstrations of lower carbon technologies to full commercialisation. This programme will provide financial support for public procurement of fleet scale demonstrations of lower carbon vehicles (and where appropriate supporting infrastructure). The programme will seek to build on the model of contractual forward commitments in which commitments to purchase vehicles are linked to the achievement of pre-determined cost and performance criteria. The Government will consult on the detailed operation of this new programme later in 2007 - with a view to supporting the first fleet procurements/demonstrations in 2008/9. To ensure that Government leads by example we have set a fleet average car procurement target of 130g/km CO by 2010/11 for new cars purchased by Government and used for administrative operations. We will keep the target under

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Production of fruits and other perennial crops: the country has tremendous potential to produce a vast array of fruits (e.g., mango, avocado, and citrus) and other perennial crops (e.g., coffee). These crops have considerable potential to reduce GHG emissions by enhancing soil carbon sequestration. Furthermore, the expansion of perennial crops will foster efforts toward improving food and nutrition security by reducing climate change risks. The government will continue to strongly support the production of fruits and other perennial crops through initiatives such as Green Legacy. The following interventions will be implemented to realize the agriculture sector low-emission pathway: Ethiopia's Long-Term Low Emission and Climate Resilient Development Strategy (2020-2050)

ETH

Sub-Saharan Africa

1) Description of the measure 2) Sector and category affected 3) GHG involved 4) Purpose 5) Quantitative objectives 6) Implementation actions 7) Implementation progress Generation of electricity from renewable sources by users of the distribution network (residential, commercial and industrial) producing it directly at the points of consumption to reduce the load on the energy transport and distribution systems. 1A1a - Energy / Fuel combustion activities / Energy industries / Electricity and heat production as main activity. The measure reduces CO emissions and minor amounts of CH4 and NO. Reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in the electricity generation of the Argentine grid by installing distributed renewable generators, reducing the emissions produced during the combustion process. Reach a total of 1,000 MW of installed distributed generation power from renewable sources in the year 2030. - Law No. 27,424 (2017), regulated by Decree No. 986/2018 of the National Executive Power: Distributed power generation is declared of national interest electricity from renewable sources for self-consumption the possibility of injecting surpluses into the distribution network. Article 16 creates the Fund for the Distributed Generation of Renewable Energies (FODIS), which will be formed as an administrative and financial trust for the granting of loans, incentives, guarantees and the realization of capital contributions. Article 32 creates the Promotion Regime for the National Manufacture of Systems, Equipment and Supplies for Distributed Generation from Renewable Sources (FANSIGED) to research, design, develop, invest in capital goods, produce, certify and provide installation services. for the distributed generation of energy from renewable sources. - Provinces with their own distributed generation regime: Buenos Aires, CABA, Chubut, Corrientes, Entre Ros, Jujuy, Misiones, Neuqun, Salta, San Luis and Santa Fe. - Year 2018: Adherence to Law No. 27,424 of the provinces of Mendoza (law no. 9,084) and San Juan (law no. 1,878).

ARG

Latin America & Caribbean

(4) China has made positive contributions to the global response to climate change China has always attached great importance to addressing climate change. President Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed that dealing with climate change is not something others ask us to do, but we must do it ourselves. In 2007, China established the National Leading Group for Addressing Climate Change and Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, headed by the Premier of the State Council, and was the first developing country to issue the National Climate Change Program. In 2009, China announced to the international community the National Appropriate Mitigation Actions by 2020. Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP has been included as a binding indicator in the five-year plan for national economic and social development and broken down into implemented locally. In 2015, China announced its Nationally Determined Contributions; in September and December 2020, President Xi Jinping announced China's new Nationally Determined Contribution targets. In May 2021, China established a leading group for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality work, headed by the Vice Premier of the State Council, to further strengthen the overall planning and coordination of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality work. China has implemented a national strategy to actively address climate change, solidly promoted various policies and actions to address climate change, and adopted a series of measures such as adjusting industrial structure, optimizing energy structure, saving energy and improving energy efficiency, promoting the construction of carbon market, and increasing forest carbon sinks. Remarkable results. Preliminary calculations show that in 2019 China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP decreased by about 48.1% compared with 2005, and non-fossil energy accounted for 15.3% of total energy consumption, fulfilling the action target of controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 ahead of schedule. China has actively participated in global climate governance and carried out international cooperation on climate change, kept its promises, and made important contributions to the global response to climate change.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

From 2018, we will use the Government's response to the Committee on Climate Change's annual progress report to bring together reporting against this strategy on the emission intensity ratio, metrics and actions. We will publish our performance against the Emissions Intensity Ratio on an annual basis. We will also update key elements of the Strategy in line with our annual statutory responses to the Committee on Climate Change's reports on progress, ahead of setting the sixth carbon budget by 30 June 2021. We welcome views on this this Strategy. Comments and suggestions should be sent to CleanGrowthStrategy@beis.gov.uk by the end of December 2017. Government intends that the individual departmental policies and proposals contained within the plan will be consulted on separately, where such consultation has not already taken place. Views received in response to both this Strategy and the detailed policy proposals which will follow it will be considered as we update key elements of our strategy before setting the sixth carbon budget by 30 June 2021. The Government will also launch an annual week focusing on climate issues across the UK, to showcase our progress and successes on climate action, share the latest climate science, and highlight and promote economic opportunities arising from clean growth around the country.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

This document is phase 1 of the National Forestry Action Plan subdivided into 3 phases (PAFN 1: 2011-2019; PAFN 2: 2020-2027; PAFN 3: 2028-2035) which cover the period of implementation of the forest policy of Togo for the next 25 years (2011-2035). PAFN 1 (2011-2019) is designed to focus primarily on consolidating the institutional, legislative and regulatory framework that should promote the increase in forest cover to reach 20% by 2035. PAFN 1 will focus thus to create a climate of trust between all the actors involved in the reconstitution of the forest cover. To achieve its objective, PAFN 1 will rely on 22 projects/programs and 14 administrative, legal and regulatory measures. Priority projects and programs aim to reconstitute forest capital. It is :

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Article 2. This Decision takes effect from the date of signing for promulgation. Article 3. The ministers, the heads of the ministerial-level agencies, the heads of the agencies attached to the Government, the presidents of the People's Committees of the provinces and centrally-run cities and the heads of the concerned agencies shall be responsible for the execution of the examination. implementation of this Decision 2. Sleep on behalf of the Prime Minister - Secretariat of the Party Central Committee. - Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers - Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, agencies under the Government - VP BCD TVI and coal prevention and control but - HOND, People's Committees of provinces, cities directly under the Central Government - Central Office and Party Committees. - Office of the Second General Secretary - Office of the President. - Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly. - Office of the National Assembly: -Tinnhand -Vinkit hindin toi ca - Central body of mass organizations; - Office of Government: BTCN, PCNs, Assistant to CP; Public TIDE Departments, Departments, Public parties -Luu: Collection valve, KTN (b). PHILLUC

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

Delegation Ordinance Search for and provide a list of self-governing regulations for self-governing regulations that have been delegated by the current law. Easy-to-understand legal information at a glance We provide easy-to-understand information by expressing difficult content in laws and regulations in pictures or tables. A glance is the processed legal information provided by the Ministry of Legislation, and it is not the law itself.

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

CONCEPT NOTE for ensuring electricity supply in Uzbekistan in 2020-2030 Home

UZB

Europe & Central Asia

Work-Freedom-Fatherland Currently, Togo's total productive forest cover is approximately 386,000 ha, representing a rate of 6.8% of the national area. Despite this low forest cover, the annual rate of deforestation is 4.5%, one of the highest deforestation rates in the world. The main causes of this degradation are agricultural expansion, logging, vegetation fires and the supply of fuelwood. Obviously all these human activities are amplified by galloping population growth. This regression of forest areas, with their multiple goods and services, marginalizes Togo in relation to national needs and the international average recommended by the FAO, which is 30% in terms of forest cover. This constitutes an obstacle to development and food security. The role of the forest in our society no longer needs to be demonstrated despite the weak potential available to our country. The forest contributes substantially to the national and family economy as well as to the fight against poverty in all its forms, both in rural and urban areas.

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

(2) This section sets Fiji's 2030 marine protected area target, which is for 30% of Fiji's internal waters, archipelagic waters, territorial seas, contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone to be designated as a marine protected area by 2030.

FJI

East Asia & Pacific

The UK was the first major economy in the world to pass laws to end its contribution to global warming with our 2050 net zero target. With the publication of this strategy, we become the first to show how we can have a thriving industrial sector aligned to net zero. We will work in partnership with industry, its workforce, customers and communities, sharing the costs and opportunities of this green industrial revolution. This strategy builds on the ambition and actions set out in the Industrial Decarbonisation and Energy Efficiency Roadmaps to 2050 project: updating the pathways analysis and adapting actions to reflect our net zero target, considering fully the role of hydrogen and resource efficiency, and expanding to consider all of UK industry. This strategy reflects advice and feedback from trade associations, businesses, environmental groups, academics and the Climate Change Committee (CCC). Workshops explored themes such as incentives to adopt low carbon technologies, carbon leakage risks and the importance of a clear policy and funding landscape. The role of government, industry and the consumer in the net zero transition were discussed at a Confederation of British Industry roundtable with over 40 industry representatives, as well as the BEIS Industrial Energy and Energy Intensive Industry stakeholder forums. Finally, the pathways analysis in Annex 4 was tested with a group of academic experts.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

period 2021-2030 and, accordingly, the cumulative energy saving target to be achieved by December 31, 2030. These values are presented in the following table. • indicative intermediate goals for 2030, 2040 and 2050; Bulgaria will take advantage of the opportunity under Directive (EC) 2018/2002 to gradually increase the target (from 0.7% to 0.92%), reaching the set cumulative target of 4,357.55 ktoe in 2030.

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

WAM - corresponds to WM, however, with a much wider Strategy, approved by the GD no. 248 of 10.04.2013. With extent of implementation based on the Waste Management deviation from the Strategy, which provides for construction of a number of a bio-mechanical treatment plants, now at the stage of feasibility studies, construction of one biomechanical treatment plant is being considered for Chisinau municipal area only. It should be noted that at the stage the Waste Management Strategy development two options were considered: construction of two bio-mechanical treatment plants and two waste incinerators in Chisinau and Balti. Taking into account the results of the studies on morphological composition of municipal waste in the RM, preference was given to bio-mechanical treatment technology. The impact in the medium-term run (until 2025) of construction of one bio-mechanical treatment plant is reduction of direct GHG emissions from the waste sector by 20%. Similarly, to the WM scenario, open burning of waste will gradually decrease once regional waste management systems become operational, along with the promotion of efficient supervision of sanitation in settlements. Thus, the share of openly burnt waste will decrease by 2% annually, from 20% to 0% in 2025 in urban settlements, and after 2015 in rural settlements open burning of waste will be reduced by 2% annually, reaching the 10% share in 2030. Strict compliance with environmental legislation, together with appropriate financial coverage would allow to stop open burning of medical waste in a shorter time (2016-2025) than provided for under the WM by reducing the annual quantities of burnt staff by 10%, and by 20% during 2026-2030, which would reduce the openly burnt medical waste by 90% by 2030, relative to the year 2015. By the year 2025 the WAM provides for performing sewerage systems in place in Chisinau, Balti, Cahul and Tiraspol, which will ensure reducing the direct GHG emissions from the wastewater to the minimum level. Although previous strategic sectoral programmes provided for sludge treatment systems installed by 2020 at the wastewater treatment plants in 4 cities: Chisinau, Balti, Orhei and Cahul, and Soroca and

MDA

Europe & Central Asia

are significant reductions in energy intensity and GHG emissions, which show that the country is well on its way to achieving and exceeding the EU 20-20-20 goals. These goals are achievable on the condition that Montenegro does not make counterproductive development decisions in the coming period, that is, if it implements policies that would replace the spontaneous improvements noted in the past decade and ensure the continuation of positive trends. However, there are also worrying signals, especially when it comes to development plans. Projections of trends in energy efficiency, given in the Energy Development Strategy (eg reduction of energy intensity by about 40% by 2030, compared to 2010 - from 29,770 MJ to 17,692 MJ, per thousand euros of GDP expressed in euros from 2000 ), will not be sufficient to bridge the still large gap between the Montenegrin and European economies and ensure the monitoring of ambitious and advanced EU policies. If insufficiently ambitious national goals in the field of energy efficiency prevail, this will have a negative impact on the sustainability of the energy sector, but also contribute to missing other opportunities (such as reducing energy costs and increasing competitiveness). The plans of the national energy strategy and the activities that are currently being carried out in order to start the construction of the new block of the Thermal Power Plant in Pljevlje, as well as on the exploration and production of hydrocarbons, are a special cause for concern. Namely, these plans and activities must be seen in the context of policies that

MNE

Europe & Central Asia

Energy Sector Plan launched and implemented with at least 75% of targets achieved by 2016; Increase in the contribution of RE to total energy consumption by 10% by 2016; Increase in the supply of RE for energy services by 10% by 2016; Key Sector Policy Outcomes

WSM

East Asia & Pacific

Option Restoration of deforested landscapes, through the reforestation of multi-sage species to reduce the sensitivity and exposure of forests to climatic hazards Regulation of artisanal exploitation of timber and wood energy and measures to reduce pressure on resources Promotion of agroforestry to reduce climate risks and diversify economic options Support and formalization of the non-timber forest products (NTFP) sector and circuit to diversify food supply sources, in a climate crisis situation Targets/Baseline: 2010 Forestry By 2030, restore and maintain 1,000,000 ha, including degraded forest landscapes in mining areas A master plan for sustainable exploitation of fuelwood supply in Bangui is defined, and the application texts drawn up by 2025 Make 25% of the collection of firewood renewable in 2030 Penetration of improved stoves in households by 25% in 2025 and 50% in 2030 Increase the yield of charcoal production of wood from 10% to 25% by 2030 LPG: 10% in 2030 Plantation of 100,000 ha by 2030 (50,000 ha of orchards, 20,000 ha of family palm groves, 30,000 ha of hardy plants (date palm, shea, tamarind) Increase the production of food NWFPs (shea, wild pepper, Gnetum africanum, Dorstenia sp, caterpillars, mushrooms) by 30% by 2030 (targets: 50% women heads of households Actions and measures to achieve the targets Ensure the reforestation of degraded areas through urban, peri-urban and community forestry; Reduce pressure on the use of wood as an energy source by modernizing domestic energy (see mitigation) Identification of energy wood supply basins in Bangui Support for the sustainable management of existing supply basins see AFOLU Mitigation) Improvement of the energy efficiency of the use of wood energy (cf. Energy Mitigation) Promotion of alternative energies to wood energy by LPG Cf. Mitigation-AFAT Strengthening the technical and material capacities of stakeholders on the agroforestry; Establish incentives: quality seeds, nurseries, training and extension materials, identification of product markets. Information, training, Installation of multiplication nurseries and processing units; establishment of collection and storage depots; Organization of the NWFP marketing circuit

CAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

The six priority low carbon actions identified and described in detail in Chapter 6 (restoration of degraded forests, reforestation, agroforestry, geothermal, improved and liquid propane gas (LPG) cook stoves, bus rapid transit with light rail corridors) represent about three- quarters of the mitigation potential identified in the low carbon assessment. The full deployment of these actions would almost halve GHG emissions by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario. Investment costs would vary, but significant GHG emissions reductions can be obtained at marginal costs of less than USD15 per tonne of carbon.

KEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

Figure 28 Incineration profile projections under the policy scenario between 2015 and 2030. Figure 29 Biological treatment under the policy scenario between 2015 and 2030. Fourth Biennial Report of Malta, 2020

MLT

Europe & Central Asia

equal to 10.5% of the total electricity generation. Solar power has had an even more installed since 2014 in a reflection of the revised lower compensation prices. Greece closed transmission system and distribution network of Greece, including high-efficiency

GRC

Europe & Central Asia

7.4. Social Welfare and Labour Affairs With regard to Social welfare, the major strategic directions pursued were creating opportunities for the disabled, the elderly and vulnerable population groups to participate and equitably benefit from the political, economic and social activities of the country and to increase citizen's social security service coverage. Thus, to ensure the benefits for persons with disabilities from physical rehabilitation services, three new physical rehabilitation centres were established. Similarly, seven existing centres were equipped and strengthened with equipment and raw materials where all of them have been providing services. Regarding establishment of a system for the effectiveness of the sector's activity, service delivery standards for physical rehabilitation and for the elderly, and guideline for National Coordinating Committee for the convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities were prepared and implemented accordingly. In addition, Social Protection Policy was prepared and ratified by the government and the National action plan for elderly persons was revised. 7.3. Sport

ETH

Sub-Saharan Africa

3. The Law on Promoting Use of Energy from Renewable Energy Sources. It provides for the main targets to achieve at least 17% of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption by 2020 and at least 10% of renewable energy in the final energy consumption in transport by 2020. Achieving these goals will also increase the country's energy security, which is considerably dependent on energy imports.

MDA

Europe & Central Asia

Price elasticity measures the intensity with which demand responds to a change in price. Similarly, income elasticity measures the response of consumers to increases in their disposable income. The price data used correspond to the quarterly weighted average of the Import Parity Price (PPI). The PPI is a value that adequately reflects the evolution of the price variations of fuels to the final consumer. These data are calculated and published every 14 days by the National Secretary of Energy through the formula adopted in Decree No. 36 of September 17, 2003. The data used as a disposable income variable is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Panama, which is published by the Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) of Panama.

PAN

Latin America & Caribbean

4.3.8.2 Arrangement to reduce emissions in the processing industry, 2004 .. : processing industry, 2009 In September 2009, the Ministry of Climate and Environment entered into an agreement with the processing industry that was not covered by the EU ETS. This agreement set a limit for total emis- sions of 6.2 million tonnes CO₂-equivalents per year for the years 2008-2012. The limit equalled a reduction of 44 per cent compared with the emis- sions in 1990. 4.3.8.3 Arrangement to reduce emissions in the

NOR

Europe & Central Asia

In the case of the production of electricity from renewable energies, with the exception of hydropower, an expansion should be aimed at that would bring the average domestic production to at least 4,400 GWh in 2020 and at least 11,400 GWh in 2035.

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

(i) a carbon pollution-free electricity sector no later than 2035; and

USA

North America