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Sitting at the table playing cards, he watches the stakes grow higher and higher. He's finally able to secure the pot and win money. | He carefully strikes a single match and places it against the kindling. The fire quickly grows, and he adds larger pieces of wood to the flames. | 0.75 | 1.4 | conceptnet |
Viruses put genetic material into the animal. Animal cells can become cancer. | Germs are spread among people. People can become ill. | 1.8 | 2.4 | propara |
She worked hard all semester to make sure she could pass the class, which was necessary to make it to graduation. | Every day he makes sure he eats his vegetables, crucial to maintain good health. | 1.2 | 1.5 | conceptnet |
He followed the path shown on the map, but eventually got lost. Taking a wrong turn had landed him in a whole new area. | She tried to understand the new concepts, but sadly she was misunderstood. Taking it for granted turned out to be her biggest mistake. | 1 | 0.5 | wordanalogy |
She worked hard to perfect her elegant style. Every little detail mattered and she could see the results. | His sophisticated presence commanded attention. His tall stature and confident demeanor created an aura of strength. | 1 | 1.75 | wordanalogy |
The cornea takes the light and reflects it back to the eye. Clarity is provided in vision. | A person takes the culture around them and reflects it outward. Understanding emerges through connection. | 1.2 | 2.4 | conceptnet |
The glass is transparent and reflective. Its clarity is remarkable. | The gun is powerful and intimidating. Its potential is dangerous. | 1.2 | 1.8 | conceptnet |
The land is arid and dry. A gentle rain relieves the heat. | The skyline is razed to the ground. An oasis appears in its place. | 1 | 1.4 | wordanalogy |
The officials are strict about their policy, leaving no room for any exceptions. This has resulted in an orderly working environment. | The government enforces strict regulations to ensure their citizens’ safety and wellbeing. All citizens must comply with the rules in order to maintain order. | 2.25 | 2.2 | wordanalogy |
He would lash out at anyone he sees. His parents brought him to counselling. | She would get angry at anyone she encountered. Her parents put her in therapy. | 2 | 2.5 | rocstories |
He was renowned for being an eccentric old codger. His unconventional ideas were often laughed at. | She was commended for her admirable qualities. She was deemed a hero for all she did for society. | 1 | 0.5 | wordanalogy |
She was about to cross the finish line of her first marathon and exhaustion coursed through her body. But one thought kept her going - the finish line is so near! | He was listening to a beautiful singer when he suddenly felt the urge to start singing along. His enthusiasm grew with each note, washing away all signs of exhaustion. | 0.5 | 1.333333 | conceptnet |
The teacher posed a difficult question and all the students struggled to find the answer. Finally, a brave student stepped up with a solution. | The farmer went around the field, scattering the seeds evenly across the surface. His goal to secure a bountiful harvest was soon to be accomplished. | 0.666667 | 0 | conceptnet |
The performance of the oboe begins. Music is created from the vibrations of the oboe. | The barbecue is lit up. Food is cooked on the flames of the barbecue. | 1 | 0.8 | conceptnet |
The soldier marches forward, ready for battle. The soldier uses strategy and strength to fight for their nation. | The debater stands strong, ready for an argument. The debater uses skill and facts to argue for their point of view. | 1.6 | 2.2 | wordanalogy |
Trap them in our atmosphere. The earth may become warmer this way. | Trap heat in a greenhouse. The temperature inside the greenhouse may increase this way. | 1.4 | 2.2 | propara |
A person plays a game and they win. They feel a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. | A person meets someone new and they become friends. They feel a sense of connection and satisfaction. | 1.6 | 2.4 | conceptnet |
Someone arrived at the train station early. Waiting for the train, they planned out the rest of their day. | A student entered the library to find a quiet spot to study. They were determined to make the most of their time there. | 1.6 | 2.2 | conceptnet |
The child waits for guests to arrive. Guests arrive. | The farmer plants seeds. Plants grow from the seeds. | 0.8 | 1.75 | propara |
The antiseptic foam helped kill germs and protect from infection. He made sure to use it every single day. | The clear, crisp water gave temporary relief from thirst. He was sure to drink copious amounts to stay hydrated. | 1 | 1 | wordanalogy |
The new hardware held incredible power. It had the capacity to revolutionize the industry with its incredible efficiency. | His brain was full of intelligence. It held the power to perceive and grasp what had never been understood before. | 1 | 1.333333 | wordanalogy |
Last Tuesday I was feeling a little off. Then I got a cough and my body ached. | Last Wednesday I was feeling a bit down. Then I got a headache and my muscles were sore. | 2.333333 | 2.666667 | rocstories |
The rocks crack. Ice freezes in a rock. | The balloon pops. Water freezes in a balloon. | 1.4 | 3 | propara |
His position is made to maneuver away from the central issue. | His rhetoric is intended to skew the claim of the opposition. | 2 | 2 | wordanalogy |
Enjoy the game and aim to win. Enjoy the challenge of playing. | Strive to get the job and earn money. Aim for job approval and financial success. | 1 | 1.8 | conceptnet |
A river grows more expansive and deep. The river feeds into a vast pool. | A conversation becomes more and more rich. This conversation is eventually stored in a repository of knowledge. | 0.8 | 2 | wordanalogy |
They ran around, screaming and laughing, playing a game of tag. Every time Ronnie caught someone, it was so much fun. | The group walked across the street, trying their best to get to the other side. Whenever someone made it, everyone cheered. | 1 | 1.5 | conceptnet |
The stick breaks the wood apart. It fragments easily. | A cup is placed on the glass. It leaves behind an impression upon the surface. | 1.2 | 2 | conceptnet |
Tom installed the filter to his faucet. Tom was happy with the cleaner drinking water. | Sarah changed the oil in her car. She was pleased with the improved performance of her engine. | 1.333333 | 2.666667 | rocstories |
He was successful in his hunt, bringing home a magnificent trophy. He proudly displayed it in the living room to inspire envy in his guests. | His business was booming, yielding him a good income. He used the money to finance more ambitious projects, further increasing his wealth. | 1 | 1 | wordanalogy |
She had a crush on the starting quarterback Roy. Roy was already taken by another. | He had a crush on the popular actress Jane. Jane was already committed to another. | 2.333333 | 3 | rocstories |
Encourage your friends to reach for success. Do not let them be discouraged by the difficulties they may face. | Suggest creative solutions to your team. Command that they keep their goals in sight. | 1 | 2 | wordanalogy |
They felt nothing but joy at the recognition of their achievement. It had been a long journey, but they were proud of what they had accomplished. | They felt humbled by the respect for their effort. It had been difficult, but worthwhile in the end. | 1.6 | 1.5 | wordanalogy |
Mix until smooth. Heat a griddle or frying pan to medium high. | Stir until creamy. Preheat an oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit. | 1.8 | 1.75 | propara |
The light helps to warm up the soil. Glass lets in light, but doesn't let out heat. | The heater helps to warm up the house. Double-paned windows let in warmth, but don't let out cold air. | 1.333333 | 2.6 | propara |
Passports date back hundreds of years. They contain the history of many travelers. | Sleep provides a realm of dreams. It can be a mysterious escape from reality. | 0.6 | 1 | wordanalogy |
People close their eyes and drift away. Dreams fill their minds as they slowly fall asleep. | The darkness descends, blanketing everything in a peaceful slumber. Nothing more, nothing less. | 1.2 | 2.2 | conceptnet |
Structures of all sizes stood tall, each of them carefully supporting one another. | Ideas of all sorts were presented, each of them potentially confirming the others. | 1.6 | 1.5 | wordanalogy |
One goes to a wilderness area. One sets up a tent. | One visits a beach. One builds a sandcastle. | 1.2 | 2.8 | propara |
The frail person struggles to hold their own against the brawn. It's a lonely battle. | The longwinded speaker loses the audience. They attempt to make their point with brevity. | 1 | 2.2 | wordanalogy |
When most of the bubbles pop on the surface, flip. Cook to desired color. | When most of the foam dissipates in the pot, stir. Cook until desired consistency is reached. | 0.5 | 2.2 | propara |
They had wine and cheese and a beautiful view. The man got down on one knee and proposed. | They had champagne and caviar with a stunning landscape. He asked her to marry him with a diamond ring. | 1.8 | 2.25 | rocstories |
The shovel is used to dig a hole. The deceased cat is lowered inside. | The rider grips the saddle and starts to move. The individual eventually falls off of the horse. | 1.4 | 1.4 | conceptnet |
A break in your skin causes tiny capillaries to bleed. Pressure should be applied. | A rip in your shirt causes a few threads to fray. Tape should be applied. | 0.75 | 3 | propara |
A professor donated a scholarship to a student. The student utilized the scholarship to further their education. | A scientist applied for a grant and was awarded the funding. They used the grant to further their research. | 1.2 | 2 | wordanalogy |
The doctor prescribed the best medicine for the patient's illness. Now everyone was hoping for a quick recovery. | The politician advocated for a new subsidy for the citizens. Now everyone was hoping for better living standards. | 1 | 2 | wordanalogy |
The bird had injured her wing and couldn't fly. She felt a sense of helplessness, unable to do anything about it. | Religion was a major source of conflict in society, often causing many wars. People felt helpless, unable to stop the atrocities. | 1 | 1.25 | conceptnet |
He flew out to Argentina to bungee jump in Patagonia. He hired a guide to take him to a cliff and assist him. | She went to the Grand Canyon to go skydiving. She hired an instructor to help her with the necessary equipment and to accompany her on the jump. | 1.333333 | 3 | rocstories |
Some people's immune systems are stronger than the others, making them less susceptible to diseases. | Some individuals have corpulent builds and higher fat content, while others are thin, making them more or less susceptible to certain health risks. | 2 | 1.8 | wordanalogy |
He had spent the day replacing the old carpet pad with a new one. Installing the carpet was the next step, but it was a difficult task. | He had spent the day sanding the wood surface to prep it for painting. Adding a layer of paint was his next step, but he didn't know which color to choose. | 1.25 | 1.333333 | conceptnet |
Annie and her family went on a road trip. They drove a long time. | Tom and his friends went on a camping trip. They hiked for miles. | 2 | 2.6 | rocstories |
The water percolates through the soil. The water forms a weak acid. | A filter absorbs impurities. The filter produces clean water. | 0.6 | 1.6 | propara |
After a long day of work, the siblings wanted to play something. They decided to have some fun. | Before heading to work, the man wanted to stay up to date on the news. He decided to read the newspaper and be informed. | 0.75 | 1 | conceptnet |
Tom was having a great day. He was out to lunch at his favorite mexican spot. | Sarah was having a wonderful time. She was out to dinner at her favorite Italian restaurant. | 2 | 2.666667 | rocstories |
Facing too many obstacles in her path, she was ready to give up. But something inside her wouldn't accept those terms. | Even with the difficulties he encountered, he refused to waiver in his mission. He reaffirmed his commitment to the cause. | 1 | 2 | wordanalogy |
The air was still, not a sound could be heard. She enjoyed the quiet moment, taking in the beauty of nature. | She entered the peaceful forest and began to meditate. The warmth of the sun mixed with the quietness of the trees was calming. | 2.5 | 1.5 | wordanalogy |
Hydgrogen is combined with carbon dioxide to make food for the plant. Oxygen is released through the plant's stomata. | Water is combined with flour to make dough. Steam is released through the vents of an oven. | 1.2 | 2.5 | propara |
Sunlight strikes the panel. Cells inside the panel made of silicone convert light to electricity. | A person strikes a match. Flames inside the match catch fire and produce heat. | 1 | 2.2 | propara |
As time passes, what is rare becomes more common. People get used to the changes that occur over time. | Things that were considered old become new again. People appreciate the values thought once lost in something new. | 1.2 | 2.4 | wordanalogy |
She grabbed her pencil, ready to write something on the paper. It was time to channel her creativity. | He prepares to play his favourite sport, preparing himself for the competition. It was time to show his true potential. | 1 | 2 | conceptnet |
You write your words. You stuff the letter into an envelope. | You record your thoughts. You store the notes in a folder. | 1.8 | 2.8 | propara |
Fame can spread quickly, vaulting someone to celebrity status overnight. | Treasure can be of great value. It is widely sought after and can take on a new life when found. | 0.25 | 1.8 | wordanalogy |
Insects pollinate the flower with pollen from other flowers. Seeds develop. | Birds feed their chicks with food from other sources. Chicks grow and mature. | 1.2 | 2 | propara |
He spun the reels of the slot machine, determined to win. Sam suddenly felt a rush of adrenaline. | She studied her genes, hoping to find the answers she needed. Sarah suddenly began to think about reproducing. | 0.75 | 0.5 | wordanalogy |
Mia's mother had to rush to the grocery store to buy cupcakes. Everyone was afraid that Mia would be angry. | Bruno's father had to hurry to the toy store to buy a present. Everyone was afraid that Bruno would be upset. | 1.333333 | 2.75 | rocstories |
Minutes later, she came back saying the food was undercooked. Ted replaced her food free of charge and she was happy. | A little while later, she came back saying the soup was too spicy. Andy swapped out her soup without a fee and she was content. | 2.333333 | 2.5 | rocstories |
The plants grow larger by the day. When the plants are fully grown, vegetables are produced. | The puppies mature as time goes by. When the puppies are fully grown, they can become guard dogs. | 1 | 2.75 | propara |
She hummed the verse that was stuck in her head, her voice echoing through the room. She realized it was a familiar song from her childhood. | He bit into the core of the apple, his teeth sinking into its flesh. He smiled as he realized the taste of a comforting childhood snack. | 1.5 | 2 | wordanalogy |
The eagle spots a prey animal. The eagle swoops down toward the prey. | A hunter spies a target. The hunter takes aim and fires at the target. | 0.75 | 2.4 | propara |
A small dot of land amidst a vast expanse of ocean, the island was a sight to behold on a calm day. | A small person amongst a vast group of patients, the doctor made his presence known in the waiting room. | 1.5 | 1.5 | conceptnet |
The student awaits the results of their exam. The examiner takes the time to accurately grade and evaluate the student's test with precision. | The runner takes their mark, ready to race. The cheering crowds urge the runner to victory as they take the track. | 1.2 | 1.2 | wordanalogy |
A lizard slips into a nearby bush. He moves swiftly and silently. | The bird darts toward the feather. It moves with determination and speed. | 1.5 | 1.8 | conceptnet |
Two rivals lay a bet down. Both hope to win. | Two challengers battle in an election. Both aim to win votes. | 1.4 | 2.4 | wordanalogy |
The top layer are "doped" with impurities to allow a negative charge. The bottom layer are "doped" to allow for a positive charge. | The top shelf is sprinkled with sugar to provide sweet taste. The bottom shelf is salted to provide savory taste. | 1 | 1.75 | propara |
The water is pretreated to remove algae and organic materials. The water is pretreated a second time to remove microscopic impurities. | The carpet is vacuumed to remove dirt and debris. The carpet is shampooed a second time to remove deep-seated stains. | 1 | 2.6 | propara |
His coach thought that he would be a good pitcher. Henry started many games as the team's pitcher. | His art teacher thought he had a great eye for colors. Sam began creating more abstract pieces as a result. | 2 | 2.25 | rocstories |
It was difficult to tell the difference between near and far, the line between the two growing blurrier. | It was tricky to distinguish between right and wrong, the two becoming evermore intertwined. | 1.333333 | 1.2 | wordanalogy |
Leaves behind bones and teeth. The bones become buried. | People leave trinkets and toys. The toys become buried in the sand. | 1.2 | 2.5 | propara |
The patient begins their prescribed course of medication. The medicine works to reduce symptoms and restore their health. | The nurse administers the injection as part of the treatment plan. Relief from the condition soon follows. | 1.6 | 2.2 | wordanalogy |
The breakwater disrupts the flow of water, causing it to become still and calm. | Insulation prevents sound from echoing and creates a quiet and peaceful atmosphere. | 0.6 | 1.2 | wordanalogy |
Perry let his auto insurance lapse. One week later, Perry was involved in a motor vehicle accident. | Shelly let her health insurance expire. One month later, Shelly had to visit the doctor. | 3 | 2.4 | rocstories |
She was constantly erasing her inputs and pretending as if nothing happened. Nothing seemed to erase the memories she was trying to forget. | He was adamant about forgetting the new senses he was exploring. But no amount of forgetting could take away his newfound understanding of life. | 1.666667 | 1.5 | wordanalogy |
During a mission, he got shot by his teammate. It was on accident. | During a race, she got tripped by her competitor. It was an accident. | 2.75 | 3 | rocstories |
Mold spores spread through the air. The spores come in contact with the bread. | Bacteria spreads through water. The bacteria comes in contact with food. | 1.6 | 2.8 | propara |
A change occurs either naturally or as a result of human activity in an area. The area receives less water as a result of the change. | Social changes occur either through revolution or gradual reform. The population receives fewer rights as a result of the change. | 1.2 | 2.25 | propara |
The wanderer follows the light of the setting sun. This leads them to to discover new horizons. | The student digresses from the required learning. This encourages them to find new knowledge and insights. | 1.4 | 2.6 | wordanalogy |
The soap gently cleans the dirt from the skin. The person feels fresh and rejuvenated. | The brownstone is renovated and brought back to life. People can now come in and live in the building. | 1 | 1.4 | conceptnet |
Prey runs to escape the enemy. The enemy follows in hot pursuit. | The client rushes to stay ahead of the competitor. The competitor follows closely behind. | 1 | 2 | wordanalogy |
When she heard the diagnosis, deafening silence filled the room. She felt as if she was in a cage with no way of escape. | He couldn't believe what he was hearing. As the judge read out his sentence, he felt as if his world was shrinking and he was in an inescapable jail. | 1.4 | 2 | wordanalogy |
People use forks to eat food. Forks make it easier to eat. | People use glasses to drink beer. Glasses make it easier to drink. | 2 | 1.8 | conceptnet |
People buy food from a local store. The store satisfies their needs for food-related items. | Individuals shop in a store when they have money. The money enables them to obtain their needed items. | 2 | 2.8 | conceptnet |
Put away your tent. Drive home. | Put away your books. Walk home. | 1.75 | 3 | propara |
The mature plant produces flowers. The flowers produce seeds in a fruit or seedpod. | The mature animal produces hair. The hair produces offspring in a litter or egg. | 1.6 | 3 | propara |
Oxygen is released from the leaves into the atmosphere. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are used to form glucose or food for plants. | Energy is released from the sun into the atmosphere. Water and carbon dioxide are used to form glucose or fuel for animals. | 1 | 3 | propara |
The bun is placed on top of the beef patty. The hamburger is now complete. | The windshield is secured on top of the frame. The car is now assembled. | 1.8 | 1.6 | wordanalogy |
The sound of the waves crashing against the shore serves as a peaceful soundtrack. Taking a walk on the beach is a great way to relax. | A gun, when fired, is immensely powerful and destructive. Possessing or interacting with a gun can be extremely dangerous. | 0.6 | 1 | conceptnet |
People add seasoning to their food to enhance its flavour. Food becomes more enjoyable as a result. | Philosophers publish their theories to trigger debate. Theories evoke further exploration and provocation. | 0.8 | 1.6 | wordanalogy |
He knew it was his duty to air the truth. He stepped forward and reported the government's corruption as a true citizen. | His grades dropped, despite his hard work. He knew he had to learn from his failure as a student. | 0.666667 | 0.5 | wordanalogy |
But Jane was wearing her helmet and pads. Jane survived the accident without a scratch. | But John was wearing his seatbelt and safety harness. John escaped the car crash without a single injury. | 2.333333 | 3 | rocstories |
The soapy water drains from the dishwasher. Clean water sprays in the dishwasher to rinse the dishes and drains out the bottom. | Sweat pours from a person after a workout. Clean water showers on the person to cool down and drains off the body. | 1 | 2.5 | propara |
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StoryAnalogy: Deriving Story-level Analogies from Large Language Models to Unlock Analogical Understanding
This is the StoryAnalogy dataset in the EMNLP'23 paper: StoryAnalogy: Deriving Story-level Analogies from Large Language Models to Unlock Analogical Understanding.
If you use this research, please cite us:
@inproceedings{jiayang2023storyanalogy,
title={StoryAnalogy: Deriving Story-level Analogies from Large Language Models to Unlock Analogical Understanding},
author={Jiayang, Cheng and Qiu, Lin and Chan, Tsz and Fang, Tianqing and Wang, Weiqi and Chan, Chunkit and Ru, Dongyu and Guo, Qipeng and Zhang, Hongming and Song, Yangqiu and others},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
pages={11518--11537},
year={2023}
}
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