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There are n cars traveling at different speeds in the same direction along a one-lane road. You are given an array cars of length n, where cars[i] = [positioni, speedi] represents: positioni is the distance between the ith car and the beginning of the road in meters. It is guaranteed that positioni < positioni+1. speedi is the initial speed of the ith car in meters per second. For simplicity, cars can be considered as points moving along the number line. Two cars collide when they occupy the same position. Once a car collides with another car, they unite and form a single car fleet. The cars in the formed fleet will have the same position and the same speed, which is the initial speed of the slowest car in the fleet. Return an array answer, where answer[i] is the time, in seconds, at which the ith car collides with the next car, or -1 if the car does not collide with the next car. Answers within 10-5 of the actual answers are accepted.

Input: cars = [[1,2],[2,1],[4,3],[7,2]] Output: [1.00000,-1.00000,3.00000,-1.00000]

There is a tree (i.e., a connected, undirected graph that has no cycles) consisting of n nodes numbered from 0 to n - 1 and exactly n - 1 edges. Each node has a value associated with it, and the root of the tree is node 0. To represent this tree, you are given an integer array nums and a 2D array edges. Each nums[i] represents the ith node's value, and each edges[j] = [uj, vj] represents an edge between nodes uj and vj in the tree. Two values x and y are coprime if gcd(x, y) == 1 where gcd(x, y) is the greatest common divisor of x and y. An ancestor of a node i is any other node on the shortest path from node i to the root. A node is not considered an ancestor of itself. Return an array ans of size n, where ans[i] is the closest ancestor to node i such that nums[i] and nums[ans[i]] are coprime, or -1 if there is no such ancestor.

Input: nums = [2,3,3,2], edges = [[0,1],[1,2],[1,3]] Output: [-1,0,0,1]

You are given a string, message, and a positive integer, limit. You must split message into one or more parts based on limit. Each resulting part should have the suffix "<a/b>", where "b" is to be replaced with the total number of parts and "a" is to be replaced with the index of the part, starting from 1 and going up to b. Additionally, the length of each resulting part (including its suffix) should be equal to limit, except for the last part whose length can be at most limit. The resulting parts should be formed such that when their suffixes are removed and they are all concatenated in order, they should be equal to message. Also, the result should contain as few parts as possible. Return the parts message would be split into as an array of strings. If it is impossible to split message as required, return an empty array.

Input: message = "this is really a very awesome message", limit = 9 Output: ["thi<1/14>","s i<2/14>","s r<3/14>","eal<4/14>","ly <5/14>","a v<6/14>","ery<7/14>"," aw<8/14>","eso<9/14>","me<10/14>"," m<11/14>","es<12/14>","sa<13/14>","ge<14/14>"]

Given two binary search trees root1 and root2, return a list containing all the integers from both trees sorted in ascending order.

Input: root1 = [2,1,4], root2 = [1,0,3] Output: [0,1,1,2,3,4] Example 2: Input: root1 = [1,null,8], root2 = [8,1] Output: [1,1,8,8] Constraints: The number of nodes in each tree is in the range [0, 5000]. -105 <= Node.val <= 10

You have the task of delivering some boxes from storage to their ports using only one ship. However, this ship has a limit on the number of boxes and the total weight that it can carry. You are given an array boxes, where boxes[i] = [portsi, weighti], and three integers portsCount, maxBoxes, and maxWeight. portsi is the port where you need to deliver the ith box and weightsi is the weight of the ith box. portsCount is the number of ports. maxBoxes and maxWeight are the respective box and weight limits of the ship. The boxes need to be delivered in the order they are given. The ship will follow these steps: The ship will take some number of boxes from the boxes queue, not violating the maxBoxes and maxWeight constraints. For each loaded box in order, the ship will make a trip to the port the box needs to be delivered to and deliver it. If the ship is already at the correct port, no trip is needed, and the box can immediately be delivered. The ship then makes a return trip to storage to take more boxes from the queue. The ship must end at storage after all the boxes have been delivered. Return the minimum number of trips the ship needs to make to deliver all boxes to their respective ports.

Input: boxes = [[1,1],[2,1],[1,1]], portsCount = 2, maxBoxes = 3, maxWeight = 3 Output: 4

Given two binary trees original and cloned and given a reference to a node target in the original tree. The cloned tree is a copy of the original tree. Return a reference to the same node in the cloned tree. Note that you are not allowed to change any of the two trees or the target node and the answer must be a reference to a node in the cloned tree.

Input: tree = [7,4,3,null,null,6,19], target = 3 Output: 3

Let the function f(s) be the frequency of the lexicographically smallest character in a non-empty string s. For example, if s = "dcce" then f(s) = 2 because the lexicographically smallest character is 'c', which has a frequency of 2. You are given an array of strings words and another array of query strings queries. For each query queries[i], count the number of words in words such that f(queries[i]) < f(W) for each W in words. Return an integer array answer, where each answer[i] is the answer to the ith query.

Input: queries = ["cbd"], words = ["zaaaz"] Output: [1]

You are given an array points, an integer angle, and your location, where location = [posx, posy] and points[i] = [xi, yi] both denote integral coordinates on the X-Y plane. Initially, you are facing directly east from your position. You cannot move from your position, but you can rotate. In other words, posx and posy cannot be changed. Your field of view in degrees is represented by angle, determining how wide you can see from any given view direction. Let d be the amount in degrees that you rotate counterclockwise. Then, your field of view is the inclusive range of angles [d - angle/2, d + angle/2]. Your browser does not support the video tag or this video format. You can see some set of points if, for each point, the angle formed by the point, your position, and the immediate east direction from your position is in your field of view. There can be multiple points at one coordinate. There may be points at your location, and you can always see these points regardless of your rotation. Points do not obstruct your vision to other points. Return the maximum number of points you can see.

Input: points = [[2,1],[2,2],[3,3]], angle = 90, location = [1,1] Output: 3

There are a total of numCourses courses you have to take, labeled from 0 to numCourses - 1. You are given an array prerequisites where prerequisites[i] = [ai, bi] indicates that you must take course bi first if you want to take course ai. For example, the pair [0, 1], indicates that to take course 0 you have to first take course 1. Return true if you can finish all courses. Otherwise, return false.

Input: numCourses = 2, prerequisites = [[1,0]] Output: true

You are given a network of n nodes, labeled from 1 to n. You are also given times, a list of travel times as directed edges times[i] = (ui, vi, wi), where ui is the source node, vi is the target node, and wi is the time it takes for a signal to travel from source to target. We will send a signal from a given node k. Return the minimum time it takes for all the n nodes to receive the signal. If it is impossible for all the n nodes to receive the signal, return -1.

Input: times = [[2,1,1],[2,3,1],[3,4,1]], n = 4, k = 2 Output: 2 Example 2: Input: times = [[1,2,1]], n = 2, k = 1 Output: 1 Example 3: Input: times = [[1,2,1]], n = 2, k = 2 Output: -1 Constraints: 1 <= k <= n <= 100 1 <= times.length <= 6000 times[i].length == 3 1 <= ui, vi <= n ui != vi 0 <= wi <= 100 All the pairs (ui, vi) are unique. (i.e., no multiple edges.

There are n computers numbered from 0 to n - 1 connected by ethernet cables connections forming a network where connections[i] = [ai, bi] represents a connection between computers ai and bi. Any computer can reach any other computer directly or indirectly through the network. You are given an initial computer network connections. You can extract certain cables between two directly connected computers, and place them between any pair of disconnected computers to make them directly connected. Return the minimum number of times you need to do this in order to make all the computers connected. If it is not possible, return -1.

Input: n = 4, connections = [[0,1],[0,2],[1,2]] Output: 1

You are given an array of integers stones where stones[i] is the weight of the ith stone. We are playing a game with the stones. On each turn, we choose any two stones and smash them together. Suppose the stones have weights x and y with x <= y. The result of this smash is: If x == y, both stones are destroyed, and If x != y, the stone of weight x is destroyed, and the stone of weight y has new weight y - x. At the end of the game, there is at most one stone left. Return the smallest possible weight of the left stone. If there are no stones left, return 0.

Input: stones = [2,7,4,1,8,1] Output: 1

There are several consecutive houses along a street, each of which has some money inside. There is also a robber, who wants to steal money from the homes, but he refuses to steal from adjacent homes. The capability of the robber is the maximum amount of money he steals from one house of all the houses he robbed. You are given an integer array nums representing how much money is stashed in each house. More formally, the ith house from the left has nums[i] dollars. You are also given an integer k, representing the minimum number of houses the robber will steal from. It is always possible to steal at least k houses. Return the minimum capability of the robber out of all the possible ways to steal at least k houses.

Input: nums = [2,3,5,9], k = 2 Output: 5

You are given a positive integer n, that is initially placed on a board. Every day, for 109 days, you perform the following procedure: For each number x present on the board, find all numbers 1 <= i <= n such that x % i == 1. Then, place those numbers on the board. Return the number of distinct integers present on the board after 109 days have elapsed. Note: Once a number is placed on the board, it will remain on it until the end. % stands for the modulo operation. For example, 14 % 3 is 2.

Input: n = 5 Output: 4

Given two integer arrays arr1 and arr2, and the integer d, return the distance value between the two arrays. The distance value is defined as the number of elements arr1[i] such that there is not any element arr2[j] where |arr1[i]-arr2[j]| <= d.

Input: arr1 = [4,5,8], arr2 = [10,9,1,8], d = 2 Output: 2

You are given a string s of even length consisting of digits from 0 to 9, and two integers a and b. You can apply either of the following two operations any number of times and in any order on s: Add a to all odd indices of s (0-indexed). Digits post 9 are cycled back to 0. For example, if s = "3456" and a = 5, s becomes "3951". Rotate s to the right by b positions. For example, if s = "3456" and b = 1, s becomes "6345". Return the lexicographically smallest string you can obtain by applying the above operations any number of times on s. A string a is lexicographically smaller than a string b (of the same length) if in the first position where a and b differ, string a has a letter that appears earlier in the alphabet than the corresponding letter in b. For example, "0158" is lexicographically smaller than "0190" because the first position they differ is at the third letter, and '5' comes before '9'.

Input: s = "5525", a = 9, b = 2 Output: "2050"

The demons had captured the princess and imprisoned her in the bottom-right corner of a dungeon. The dungeon consists of m x n rooms laid out in a 2D grid. Our valiant knight was initially positioned in the top-left room and must fight his way through dungeon to rescue the princess. The knight has an initial health point represented by a positive integer. If at any point his health point drops to 0 or below, he dies immediately. Some of the rooms are guarded by demons (represented by negative integers), so the knight loses health upon entering these rooms; other rooms are either empty (represented as 0) or contain magic orbs that increase the knight's health (represented by positive integers). To reach the princess as quickly as possible, the knight decides to move only rightward or downward in each step. Return the knight's minimum initial health so that he can rescue the princess. Note that any room can contain threats or power-ups, even the first room the knight enters and the bottom-right room where the princess is imprisoned.

Input: dungeon = [[-2,-3,3],[-5,-10,1],[10,30,-5]] Output: 7

You are the manager of a basketball team. For the upcoming tournament, you want to choose the team with the highest overall score. The score of the team is the sum of scores of all the players in the team. However, the basketball team is not allowed to have conflicts. A conflict exists if a younger player has a strictly higher score than an older player. A conflict does not occur between players of the same age. Given two lists, scores and ages, where each scores[i] and ages[i] represents the score and age of the ith player, respectively, return the highest overall score of all possible basketball teams.

Input: scores = [1,3,5,10,15], ages = [1,2,3,4,5] Output: 34

Given an array of integers arr, you are initially positioned at the first index of the array. In one step you can jump from index i to index: i + 1 where: i + 1 < arr.length. i - 1 where: i - 1 >= 0. j where: arr[i] == arr[j] and i != j. Return the minimum number of steps to reach the last index of the array. Notice that you can not jump outside of the array at any time.

Input: arr = [100,-23,-23,404,100,23,23,23,3,404] Output: 3

You are given a 0-indexed array nums of length n, consisting of non-negative integers. For each index i from 0 to n - 1, you must determine the size of the minimum sized non-empty subarray of nums starting at i (inclusive) that has the maximum possible bitwise OR. In other words, let Bij be the bitwise OR of the subarray nums[i...j]. You need to find the smallest subarray starting at i, such that bitwise OR of this subarray is equal to max(Bik) where i <= k <= n - 1. The bitwise OR of an array is the bitwise OR of all the numbers in it. Return an integer array answer of size n where answer[i] is the length of the minimum sized subarray starting at i with maximum bitwise OR. A subarray is a contiguous non-empty sequence of elements within an array.

Input: nums = [1,0,2,1,3] Output: [3,3,2,2,1]

Given an array nums of integers, a move consists of choosing any element and decreasing it by 1. An array A is a zigzag array if either: Every even-indexed element is greater than adjacent elements, ie. A[0] > A[1] < A[2] > A[3] < A[4] > ... OR, every odd-indexed element is greater than adjacent elements, ie. A[0] < A[1] > A[2] < A[3] > A[4] < ... Return the minimum number of moves to transform the given array nums into a zigzag array.

Input: nums = [1,2,3] Output: 2

There is an undirected tree with n nodes labeled from 0 to n - 1 and n - 1 edges. You are given a 2D integer array edges of length n - 1 where edges[i] = [ai, bi] indicates that there is an edge between nodes ai and bi in the tree. You are also given an integer array restricted which represents restricted nodes. Return the maximum number of nodes you can reach from node 0 without visiting a restricted node. Note that node 0 will not be a restricted node.

Input: n = 7, edges = [[0,1],[1,2],[3,1],[4,0],[0,5],[5,6]], restricted = [4,5] Output: 4

Given a 1-indexed m x n integer matrix mat, you can select any cell in the matrix as your starting cell. From the starting cell, you can move to any other cell in the same row or column, but only if the value of the destination cell is strictly greater than the value of the current cell. You can repeat this process as many times as possible, moving from cell to cell until you can no longer make any moves. Your task is to find the maximum number of cells that you can visit in the matrix by starting from some cell. Return an integer denoting the maximum number of cells that can be visited.

Input: mat = [[3,1],[3,4]] Output: 2

An integer array original is transformed into a doubled array changed by appending twice the value of every element in original, and then randomly shuffling the resulting array. Given an array changed, return original if changed is a doubled array. If changed is not a doubled array, return an empty array. The elements in original may be returned in any order.

Input: changed = [1,3,4,2,6,8] Output: [1,3,4]

Given a non-negative integer c, decide whether there're two integers a and b such that a2 + b2 = c.

Input: c = 5 Output: true

A k-mirror number is a positive integer without leading zeros that reads the same both forward and backward in base-10 as well as in base-k. For example, 9 is a 2-mirror number. The representation of 9 in base-10 and base-2 are 9 and 1001 respectively, which read the same both forward and backward. On the contrary, 4 is not a 2-mirror number. The representation of 4 in base-2 is 100, which does not read the same both forward and backward. Given the base k and the number n, return the sum of the n smallest k-mirror numbers.

Input: k = 2, n = 5 Output: 25

A string s is called good if there are no two different characters in s that have the same frequency. Given a string s, return the minimum number of characters you need to delete to make s good. The frequency of a character in a string is the number of times it appears in the string. For example, in the string "aab", the frequency of 'a' is 2, while the frequency of 'b' is 1.

Input: s = "aab" Output: 0

A positive integer is magical if it is divisible by either a or b. Given the three integers n, a, and b, return the nth magical number. Since the answer may be very large, return it modulo 109 + 7.

Input: n = 1, a = 2, b = 3 Output: 2 Example 2: Input: n = 4, a = 2, b = 3 Output: 6 Constraints: 1 <= n <= 109 2 <= a, b <= 4 * 10

Given an integer array nums, design an algorithm to randomly shuffle the array. All permutations of the array should be equally likely as a result of the shuffling. Implement the Solution class: Solution(int[] nums) Initializes the object with the integer array nums. int[] reset() Resets the array to its original configuration and returns it. int[] shuffle() Returns a random shuffling of the array.

Input ["Solution", "shuffle", "reset", "shuffle"] [[[1, 2, 3]], [], [], []] Output [null, [3, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2]]

Given n cuboids where the dimensions of the ith cuboid is cuboids[i] = [widthi, lengthi, heighti] (0-indexed). Choose a subset of cuboids and place them on each other. You can place cuboid i on cuboid j if widthi <= widthj and lengthi <= lengthj and heighti <= heightj. You can rearrange any cuboid's dimensions by rotating it to put it on another cuboid. Return the maximum height of the stacked cuboids.

Input: cuboids = [[50,45,20],[95,37,53],[45,23,12]] Output: 190

You are given an m x n binary matrix grid. A move consists of choosing any row or column and toggling each value in that row or column (i.e., changing all 0's to 1's, and all 1's to 0's). Every row of the matrix is interpreted as a binary number, and the score of the matrix is the sum of these numbers. Return the highest possible score after making any number of moves (including zero moves).

Input: grid = [[0,0,1,1],[1,0,1,0],[1,1,0,0]] Output: 39

Given a string word, return the sum of the number of vowels ('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', and 'u') in every substring of word. A substring is a contiguous (non-empty) sequence of characters within a string. Note: Due to the large constraints, the answer may not fit in a signed 32-bit integer. Please be careful during the calculations.

Input: word = "aba" Output: 6

The XOR total of an array is defined as the bitwise XOR of all its elements, or 0 if the array is empty. For example, the XOR total of the array [2,5,6] is 2 XOR 5 XOR 6 = 1. Given an array nums, return the sum of all XOR totals for every subset of nums. Note: Subsets with the same elements should be counted multiple times. An array a is a subset of an array b if a can be obtained from b by deleting some (possibly zero) elements of b.

Input: nums = [1,3] Output: 6

Alice and Bob are traveling to Rome for separate business meetings. You are given 4 strings arriveAlice, leaveAlice, arriveBob, and leaveBob. Alice will be in the city from the dates arriveAlice to leaveAlice (inclusive), while Bob will be in the city from the dates arriveBob to leaveBob (inclusive). Each will be a 5-character string in the format "MM-DD", corresponding to the month and day of the date. Return the total number of days that Alice and Bob are in Rome together. You can assume that all dates occur in the same calendar year, which is not a leap year. Note that the number of days per month can be represented as: [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31].

Input: arriveAlice = "08-15", leaveAlice = "08-18", arriveBob = "08-16", leaveBob = "08-19" Output: 3

You are given the root of a binary search tree (BST) and an integer val. Find the node in the BST that the node's value equals val and return the subtree rooted with that node. If such a node does not exist, return null.

Input: root = [4,2,7,1,3], val = 2 Output: [2,1,3] Example 2: Input: root = [4,2,7,1,3], val = 5 Output: [] Constraints: The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [1, 5000]. 1 <= Node.val <= 107 root is a binary search tree. 1 <= val <= 10

In a garden represented as an infinite 2D grid, there is an apple tree planted at every integer coordinate. The apple tree planted at an integer coordinate (i, j) has |i| + |j| apples growing on it. You will buy an axis-aligned square plot of land that is centered at (0, 0). Given an integer neededApples, return the minimum perimeter of a plot such that at least neededApples apples are inside or on the perimeter of that plot. The value of |x| is defined as: x if x >= 0 -x if x < 0

Input: neededApples = 1 Output: 8

You are given a large integer represented as an integer array digits, where each digits[i] is the ith digit of the integer. The digits are ordered from most significant to least significant in left-to-right order. The large integer does not contain any leading 0's. Increment the large integer by one and return the resulting array of digits.

Input: digits = [1,2,3] Output: [1,2,4]

You are given an array of distinct positive integers locations where locations[i] represents the position of city i. You are also given integers start, finish and fuel representing the starting city, ending city, and the initial amount of fuel you have, respectively. At each step, if you are at city i, you can pick any city j such that j != i and 0 <= j < locations.length and move to city j. Moving from city i to city j reduces the amount of fuel you have by |locations[i] - locations[j]|. Please notice that |x| denotes the absolute value of x. Notice that fuel cannot become negative at any point in time, and that you are allowed to visit any city more than once (including start and finish). Return the count of all possible routes from start to finish. Since the answer may be too large, return it modulo 109 + 7.

Input: locations = [2,3,6,8,4], start = 1, finish = 3, fuel = 5 Output: 4

Given a binary string s, return the minimum number of character swaps to make it alternating, or -1 if it is impossible. The string is called alternating if no two adjacent characters are equal. For example, the strings "010" and "1010" are alternating, while the string "0100" is not. Any two characters may be swapped, even if they are not adjacent.

Input: s = "111000" Output: 1

You are given an integer n. You roll a fair 6-sided dice n times. Determine the total number of distinct sequences of rolls possible such that the following conditions are satisfied: The greatest common divisor of any adjacent values in the sequence is equal to 1. There is at least a gap of 2 rolls between equal valued rolls. More formally, if the value of the ith roll is equal to the value of the jth roll, then abs(i - j) > 2. Return the total number of distinct sequences possible. Since the answer may be very large, return it modulo 109 + 7. Two sequences are considered distinct if at least one element is different.

Input: n = 4 Output: 184

You are given an integer num. Rearrange the digits of num such that its value is minimized and it does not contain any leading zeros. Return the rearranged number with minimal value. Note that the sign of the number does not change after rearranging the digits.

Input: num = 310 Output: 103

You are given the root of a binary tree containing digits from 0 to 9 only. Each root-to-leaf path in the tree represents a number. For example, the root-to-leaf path 1 -> 2 -> 3 represents the number 123. Return the total sum of all root-to-leaf numbers. Test cases are generated so that the answer will fit in a 32-bit integer. A leaf node is a node with no children.

Input: root = [1,2,3] Output: 25

You are given two integers m and n that represent the height and width of a rectangular piece of wood. You are also given a 2D integer array prices, where prices[i] = [hi, wi, pricei] indicates you can sell a rectangular piece of wood of height hi and width wi for pricei dollars. To cut a piece of wood, you must make a vertical or horizontal cut across the entire height or width of the piece to split it into two smaller pieces. After cutting a piece of wood into some number of smaller pieces, you can sell pieces according to prices. You may sell multiple pieces of the same shape, and you do not have to sell all the shapes. The grain of the wood makes a difference, so you cannot rotate a piece to swap its height and width. Return the maximum money you can earn after cutting an m x n piece of wood. Note that you can cut the piece of wood as many times as you want.

Input: m = 3, n = 5, prices = [[1,4,2],[2,2,7],[2,1,3]] Output: 19

You are given two strings, word1 and word2. You want to construct a string in the following manner: Choose some non-empty subsequence subsequence1 from word1. Choose some non-empty subsequence subsequence2 from word2. Concatenate the subsequences: subsequence1 + subsequence2, to make the string. Return the length of the longest palindrome that can be constructed in the described manner. If no palindromes can be constructed, return 0. A subsequence of a string s is a string that can be made by deleting some (possibly none) characters from s without changing the order of the remaining characters. A palindrome is a string that reads the same forward as well as backward.

Input: word1 = "cacb", word2 = "cbba" Output: 5

You are given two positive integers n and k. A factor of an integer n is defined as an integer i where n % i == 0. Consider a list of all factors of n sorted in ascending order, return the kth factor in this list or return -1 if n has less than k factors.

Input: n = 12, k = 3 Output: 3

You are given n points in the plane that are all distinct, where points[i] = [xi, yi]. A boomerang is a tuple of points (i, j, k) such that the distance between i and j equals the distance between i and k (the order of the tuple matters). Return the number of boomerangs.

Input: points = [[0,0],[1,0],[2,0]] Output: 2

There is an m x n binary grid matrix with all the values set 0 initially. Design an algorithm to randomly pick an index (i, j) where matrix[i][j] == 0 and flips it to 1. All the indices (i, j) where matrix[i][j] == 0 should be equally likely to be returned. Optimize your algorithm to minimize the number of calls made to the built-in random function of your language and optimize the time and space complexity. Implement the Solution class: Solution(int m, int n) Initializes the object with the size of the binary matrix m and n. int[] flip() Returns a random index [i, j] of the matrix where matrix[i][j] == 0 and flips it to 1. void reset() Resets all the values of the matrix to be 0.

Input ["Solution", "flip", "flip", "flip", "reset", "flip"] [[3, 1], [], [], [], [], []] Output [null, [1, 0], [2, 0], [0, 0], null, [2, 0]]

You are given a string s (0-indexed). You are asked to perform the following operation on s until you get a sorted string: Find the largest index i such that 1 <= i < s.length and s[i] < s[i - 1]. Find the largest index j such that i <= j < s.length and s[k] < s[i - 1] for all the possible values of k in the range [i, j] inclusive. Swap the two characters at indices i - 1 and j. Reverse the suffix starting at index i. Return the number of operations needed to make the string sorted. Since the answer can be too large, return it modulo 109 + 7.

Input: s = "cba" Output: 5

You are given a perfect binary tree where all leaves are on the same level, and every parent has two children. The binary tree has the following definition: struct Node { int val; Node *left; Node *right; Node *next; } Populate each next pointer to point to its next right node. If there is no next right node, the next pointer should be set to NULL. Initially, all next pointers are set to NULL.

Input: root = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] Output: [1,#,2,3,#,4,5,6,7,#]

Suppose you have n integers labeled 1 through n. A permutation of those n integers perm (1-indexed) is considered a beautiful arrangement if for every i (1 <= i <= n), either of the following is true: perm[i] is divisible by i. i is divisible by perm[i]. Given an integer n, return the number of the beautiful arrangements that you can construct.

Input: n = 2 Output: 2

Given an undirected tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. A frog starts jumping from vertex 1. In one second, the frog jumps from its current vertex to another unvisited vertex if they are directly connected. The frog can not jump back to a visited vertex. In case the frog can jump to several vertices, it jumps randomly to one of them with the same probability. Otherwise, when the frog can not jump to any unvisited vertex, it jumps forever on the same vertex. The edges of the undirected tree are given in the array edges, where edges[i] = [ai, bi] means that exists an edge connecting the vertices ai and bi. Return the probability that after t seconds the frog is on the vertex target. Answers within 10-5 of the actual answer will be accepted.

Input: n = 7, edges = [[1,2],[1,3],[1,7],[2,4],[2,6],[3,5]], t = 2, target = 4 Output: 0.16666666666666666

You have a grid of size n x 3 and you want to paint each cell of the grid with exactly one of the three colors: Red, Yellow, or Green while making sure that no two adjacent cells have the same color (i.e., no two cells that share vertical or horizontal sides have the same color). Given n the number of rows of the grid, return the number of ways you can paint this grid. As the answer may grow large, the answer must be computed modulo 109 + 7.

Input: n = 1 Output: 12

You are given an integer n and an array of unique integers blacklist. Design an algorithm to pick a random integer in the range [0, n - 1] that is not in blacklist. Any integer that is in the mentioned range and not in blacklist should be equally likely to be returned. Optimize your algorithm such that it minimizes the number of calls to the built-in random function of your language. Implement the Solution class: Solution(int n, int[] blacklist) Initializes the object with the integer n and the blacklisted integers blacklist. int pick() Returns a random integer in the range [0, n - 1] and not in blacklist.

Input ["Solution", "pick", "pick", "pick", "pick", "pick", "pick", "pick"] [[7, [2, 3, 5]], [], [], [], [], [], [], []] Output [null, 0, 4, 1, 6, 1, 0, 4]

Given the root of a binary tree, determine if it is a complete binary tree. In a complete binary tree, every level, except possibly the last, is completely filled, and all nodes in the last level are as far left as possible. It can have between 1 and 2h nodes inclusive at the last level h.

Input: root = [1,2,3,4,5,6] Output: true

There is an undirected tree with n nodes labeled from 0 to n - 1, rooted at node 0. You are given a 2D integer array edges of length n - 1 where edges[i] = [ai, bi] indicates that there is an edge between nodes ai and bi in the tree. At every node i, there is a gate. You are also given an array of even integers amount, where amount[i] represents: the price needed to open the gate at node i, if amount[i] is negative, or, the cash reward obtained on opening the gate at node i, otherwise. The game goes on as follows: Initially, Alice is at node 0 and Bob is at node bob. At every second, Alice and Bob each move to an adjacent node. Alice moves towards some leaf node, while Bob moves towards node 0. For every node along their path, Alice and Bob either spend money to open the gate at that node, or accept the reward. Note that: If the gate is already open, no price will be required, nor will there be any cash reward. If Alice and Bob reach the node simultaneously, they share the price/reward for opening the gate there. In other words, if the price to open the gate is c, then both Alice and Bob pay c / 2 each. Similarly, if the reward at the gate is c, both of them receive c / 2 each. If Alice reaches a leaf node, she stops moving. Similarly, if Bob reaches node 0, he stops moving. Note that these events are independent of each other. Return the maximum net income Alice can have if she travels towards the optimal leaf node.

Input: edges = [[0,1],[1,2],[1,3],[3,4]], bob = 3, amount = [-2,4,2,-4,6] Output: 6

Given the root of a binary tree, construct a string consisting of parenthesis and integers from a binary tree with the preorder traversal way, and return it. Omit all the empty parenthesis pairs that do not affect the one-to-one mapping relationship between the string and the original binary tree.

Input: root = [1,2,3,4] Output: "1(2(4))(3)"

You are given a 0-indexed integer array nums consisting of 3 * n elements. You are allowed to remove any subsequence of elements of size exactly n from nums. The remaining 2 * n elements will be divided into two equal parts: The first n elements belonging to the first part and their sum is sumfirst. The next n elements belonging to the second part and their sum is sumsecond. The difference in sums of the two parts is denoted as sumfirst - sumsecond. For example, if sumfirst = 3 and sumsecond = 2, their difference is 1. Similarly, if sumfirst = 2 and sumsecond = 3, their difference is -1. Return the minimum difference possible between the sums of the two parts after the removal of n elements.

Input: nums = [3,1,2] Output: -1

There are n bulbs that are initially off. You first turn on all the bulbs, then you turn off every second bulb. On the third round, you toggle every third bulb (turning on if it's off or turning off if it's on). For the ith round, you toggle every i bulb. For the nth round, you only toggle the last bulb. Return the number of bulbs that are on after n rounds.

Input: n = 3 Output: 1

Given an integer array nums, return the number of reverse pairs in the array. A reverse pair is a pair (i, j) where: 0 <= i < j < nums.length and nums[i] > 2 * nums[j].

Input: nums = [1,3,2,3,1] Output: 2

You are given a string text. You should split it to k substrings (subtext1, subtext2, ..., subtextk) such that: subtexti is a non-empty string. The concatenation of all the substrings is equal to text (i.e., subtext1 + subtext2 + ... + subtextk == text). subtexti == subtextk - i + 1 for all valid values of i (i.e., 1 <= i <= k). Return the largest possible value of k.

Input: text = "ghiabcdefhelloadamhelloabcdefghi" Output: 7

You are given an integer array nums. You are initially positioned at the array's first index, and each element in the array represents your maximum jump length at that position. Return true if you can reach the last index, or false otherwise.

Input: nums = [2,3,1,1,4] Output: true

A valid cut in a circle can be: A cut that is represented by a straight line that touches two points on the edge of the circle and passes through its center, or A cut that is represented by a straight line that touches one point on the edge of the circle and its center. Some valid and invalid cuts are shown in the figures below. Given the integer n, return the minimum number of cuts needed to divide a circle into n equal slices.

Input: n = 4 Output: 2

You are given a 0-indexed array nums of distinct integers. You want to rearrange the elements in the array such that every element in the rearranged array is not equal to the average of its neighbors. More formally, the rearranged array should have the property such that for every i in the range 1 <= i < nums.length - 1, (nums[i-1] + nums[i+1]) / 2 is not equal to nums[i]. Return any rearrangement of nums that meets the requirements.

Input: nums = [1,2,3,4,5] Output: [1,2,4,5,3]

You are given a string s, and an array of pairs of indices in the string pairs where pairs[i] = [a, b] indicates 2 indices(0-indexed) of the string. You can swap the characters at any pair of indices in the given pairs any number of times. Return the lexicographically smallest string that s can be changed to after using the swaps.

Input: s = "dcab", pairs = [[0,3],[1,2]] Output: "bacd" Explaination: Swap s[0] and s[3], s = "bcad" Swap s[1] and s[2], s = "bacd" Example 2: Input: s = "dcab", pairs = [[0,3],[1,2],[0,2]] Output: "abcd" Explaination: Swap s[0] and s[3], s = "bcad" Swap s[0] and s[2], s = "acbd" Swap s[1] and s[2], s = "abcd" Example 3: Input: s = "cba", pairs = [[0,1],[1,2]] Output: "abc" Explaination: Swap s[0] and s[1], s = "bca" Swap s[1] and s[2], s = "bac" Swap s[0] and s[1], s = "abc" Constraints: 1 <= s.length <= 10^5 0 <= pairs.length <= 10^5 0 <= pairs[i][0], pairs[i][1] < s.length s only contains lower case English letters

Given a positive integer k, you need to find the length of the smallest positive integer n such that n is divisible by k, and n only contains the digit 1. Return the length of n. If there is no such n, return -1. Note: n may not fit in a 64-bit signed integer.

Input: k = 1 Output: 1

Given an array of integers preorder, which represents the preorder traversal of a BST (i.e., binary search tree), construct the tree and return its root. It is guaranteed that there is always possible to find a binary search tree with the given requirements for the given test cases. A binary search tree is a binary tree where for every node, any descendant of Node.left has a value strictly less than Node.val, and any descendant of Node.right has a value strictly greater than Node.val. A preorder traversal of a binary tree displays the value of the node first, then traverses Node.left, then traverses Node.right.

Input: preorder = [8,5,1,7,10,12] Output: [8,5,10,1,7,null,12] Example 2: Input: preorder = [1,3] Output: [1,null,3] Constraints: 1 <= preorder.length <= 100 1 <= preorder[i] <= 1000 All the values of preorder are unique

There are n piles of stones arranged in a row. The ith pile has stones[i] stones. A move consists of merging exactly k consecutive piles into one pile, and the cost of this move is equal to the total number of stones in these k piles. Return the minimum cost to merge all piles of stones into one pile. If it is impossible, return -1.

Input: stones = [3,2,4,1], k = 2 Output: 20

You have n dice, and each die has k faces numbered from 1 to k. Given three integers n, k, and target, return the number of possible ways (out of the kn total ways) to roll the dice, so the sum of the face-up numbers equals target. Since the answer may be too large, return it modulo 109 + 7.

Input: n = 1, k = 6, target = 3 Output: 1

You are given nums, an array of positive integers of size 2 * n. You must perform n operations on this array. In the ith operation (1-indexed), you will: Choose two elements, x and y. Receive a score of i * gcd(x, y). Remove x and y from nums. Return the maximum score you can receive after performing n operations. The function gcd(x, y) is the greatest common divisor of x and y.

Input: nums = [1,2] Output: 1

Given strings s1, s2, and s3, find whether s3 is formed by an interleaving of s1 and s2. An interleaving of two strings s and t is a configuration where s and t are divided into n and m substrings respectively, such that: s = s1 + s2 + ... + sn t = t1 + t2 + ... + tm |n - m| <= 1 The interleaving is s1 + t1 + s2 + t2 + s3 + t3 + ... or t1 + s1 + t2 + s2 + t3 + s3 + ... Note: a + b is the concatenation of strings a and b.

Input: s1 = "aabcc", s2 = "dbbca", s3 = "aadbbcbcac" Output: true

Serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object into a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file or memory buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link to be reconstructed later in the same or another computer environment. Design an algorithm to serialize and deserialize a binary tree. There is no restriction on how your serialization/deserialization algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a binary tree can be serialized to a string and this string can be deserialized to the original tree structure. Clarification: The input/output format is the same as how LeetCode serializes a binary tree. You do not necessarily need to follow this format, so please be creative and come up with different approaches yourself.

Input: root = [1,2,3,null,null,4,5] Output: [1,2,3,null,null,4,5] Example 2: Input: root = [] Output: [] Constraints: The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [0, 104]. -1000 <= Node.val <= 100

A wiggle sequence is a sequence where the differences between successive numbers strictly alternate between positive and negative. The first difference (if one exists) may be either positive or negative. A sequence with one element and a sequence with two non-equal elements are trivially wiggle sequences. For example, [1, 7, 4, 9, 2, 5] is a wiggle sequence because the differences (6, -3, 5, -7, 3) alternate between positive and negative. In contrast, [1, 4, 7, 2, 5] and [1, 7, 4, 5, 5] are not wiggle sequences. The first is not because its first two differences are positive, and the second is not because its last difference is zero. A subsequence is obtained by deleting some elements (possibly zero) from the original sequence, leaving the remaining elements in their original order. Given an integer array nums, return the length of the longest wiggle subsequence of nums.

Input: nums = [1,7,4,9,2,5] Output: 6

You are given a 0-indexed integer array nums. Initially, all of the indices are unmarked. You are allowed to make this operation any number of times: Pick two different unmarked indices i and j such that 2 * nums[i] <= nums[j], then mark i and j. Return the maximum possible number of marked indices in nums using the above operation any number of times.

Input: nums = [3,5,2,4] Output: 2

You are given a list of strings of the same length words and a string target. Your task is to form target using the given words under the following rules: target should be formed from left to right. To form the ith character (0-indexed) of target, you can choose the kth character of the jth string in words if target[i] = words[j][k]. Once you use the kth character of the jth string of words, you can no longer use the xth character of any string in words where x <= k. In other words, all characters to the left of or at index k become unusuable for every string. Repeat the process until you form the string target. Notice that you can use multiple characters from the same string in words provided the conditions above are met. Return the number of ways to form target from words. Since the answer may be too large, return it modulo 109 + 7.

Input: words = ["acca","bbbb","caca"], target = "aba" Output: 6

You are given an integer num. You know that Danny Mittal will sneakily remap one of the 10 possible digits (0 to 9) to another digit. Return the difference between the maximum and minimum values Danny can make by remapping exactly one digit in num. Notes: When Danny remaps a digit d1 to another digit d2, Danny replaces all occurrences of d1 in num with d2. Danny can remap a digit to itself, in which case num does not change. Danny can remap different digits for obtaining minimum and maximum values respectively. The resulting number after remapping can contain leading zeroes. We mentioned "Danny Mittal" to congratulate him on being in the top 10 in Weekly Contest 326.

Input: num = 11891 Output: 99009

You are playing a game that contains multiple characters, and each of the characters has two main properties: attack and defense. You are given a 2D integer array properties where properties[i] = [attacki, defensei] represents the properties of the ith character in the game. A character is said to be weak if any other character has both attack and defense levels strictly greater than this character's attack and defense levels. More formally, a character i is said to be weak if there exists another character j where attackj > attacki and defensej > defensei. Return the number of weak characters.

Input: properties = [[5,5],[6,3],[3,6]] Output: 0

Given two integers dividend and divisor, divide two integers without using multiplication, division, and mod operator. The integer division should truncate toward zero, which means losing its fractional part. For example, 8.345 would be truncated to 8, and -2.7335 would be truncated to -2. Return the quotient after dividing dividend by divisor. Note: Assume we are dealing with an environment that could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−231, 231 − 1]. For this problem, if the quotient is strictly greater than 231 - 1, then return 231 - 1, and if the quotient is strictly less than -231, then return -231.

Input: dividend = 10, divisor = 3 Output: 3

You are given an array nums of non-negative integers. nums is considered special if there exists a number x such that there are exactly x numbers in nums that are greater than or equal to x. Notice that x does not have to be an element in nums. Return x if the array is special, otherwise, return -1. It can be proven that if nums is special, the value for x is unique.

Input: nums = [3,5] Output: 2

There is an m x n grid, where (0, 0) is the top-left cell and (m - 1, n - 1) is the bottom-right cell. You are given an integer array startPos where startPos = [startrow, startcol] indicates that initially, a robot is at the cell (startrow, startcol). You are also given an integer array homePos where homePos = [homerow, homecol] indicates that its home is at the cell (homerow, homecol). The robot needs to go to its home. It can move one cell in four directions: left, right, up, or down, and it can not move outside the boundary. Every move incurs some cost. You are further given two 0-indexed integer arrays: rowCosts of length m and colCosts of length n. If the robot moves up or down into a cell whose row is r, then this move costs rowCosts[r]. If the robot moves left or right into a cell whose column is c, then this move costs colCosts[c]. Return the minimum total cost for this robot to return home.

Input: startPos = [1, 0], homePos = [2, 3], rowCosts = [5, 4, 3], colCosts = [8, 2, 6, 7] Output: 18

Two strings, X and Y, are considered similar if either they are identical or we can make them equivalent by swapping at most two letters (in distinct positions) within the string X. For example, "tars" and "rats" are similar (swapping at positions 0 and 2), and "rats" and "arts" are similar, but "star" is not similar to "tars", "rats", or "arts". Together, these form two connected groups by similarity: {"tars", "rats", "arts"} and {"star"}. Notice that "tars" and "arts" are in the same group even though they are not similar. Formally, each group is such that a word is in the group if and only if it is similar to at least one other word in the group. We are given a list strs of strings where every string in strs is an anagram of every other string in strs. How many groups are there?

Input: strs = ["tars","rats","arts","star"] Output: 2 Example 2: Input: strs = ["omv","ovm"] Output: 1 Constraints: 1 <= strs.length <= 300 1 <= strs[i].length <= 300 strs[i] consists of lowercase letters only. All words in strs have the same length and are anagrams of each other

You are given an array points where points[i] = [xi, yi] is the coordinates of the ith point on a 2D plane. Multiple points can have the same coordinates. You are also given an array queries where queries[j] = [xj, yj, rj] describes a circle centered at (xj, yj) with a radius of rj. For each query queries[j], compute the number of points inside the jth circle. Points on the border of the circle are considered inside. Return an array answer, where answer[j] is the answer to the jth query.

Input: points = [[1,3],[3,3],[5,3],[2,2]], queries = [[2,3,1],[4,3,1],[1,1,2]] Output: [3,2,2]

You are given an array prices where prices[i] is the price of a given stock on the ith day. You want to maximize your profit by choosing a single day to buy one stock and choosing a different day in the future to sell that stock. Return the maximum profit you can achieve from this transaction. If you cannot achieve any profit, return 0.

Input: prices = [7,1,5,3,6,4] Output: 5

Suppose an array of length n sorted in ascending order is rotated between 1 and n times. For example, the array nums = [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] might become: [4,5,6,7,0,1,2] if it was rotated 4 times. [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] if it was rotated 7 times. Notice that rotating an array [a[0], a[1], a[2], ..., a[n-1]] 1 time results in the array [a[n-1], a[0], a[1], a[2], ..., a[n-2]]. Given the sorted rotated array nums of unique elements, return the minimum element of this array. You must write an algorithm that runs in O(log n) time.

Input: nums = [3,4,5,1,2] Output: 1

Given the root of a binary tree, return the length of the diameter of the tree. The diameter of a binary tree is the length of the longest path between any two nodes in a tree. This path may or may not pass through the root. The length of a path between two nodes is represented by the number of edges between them.

Input: root = [1,2,3,4,5] Output: 3

It is a sweltering summer day, and a boy wants to buy some ice cream bars. At the store, there are n ice cream bars. You are given an array costs of length n, where costs[i] is the price of the ith ice cream bar in coins. The boy initially has coins coins to spend, and he wants to buy as many ice cream bars as possible. Note: The boy can buy the ice cream bars in any order. Return the maximum number of ice cream bars the boy can buy with coins coins. You must solve the problem by counting sort.

Input: costs = [1,3,2,4,1], coins = 7 Output: 4

You are given a 2D integer array intervals, where intervals[i] = [lefti, righti] describes the ith interval starting at lefti and ending at righti (inclusive). The size of an interval is defined as the number of integers it contains, or more formally righti - lefti + 1. You are also given an integer array queries. The answer to the jth query is the size of the smallest interval i such that lefti <= queries[j] <= righti. If no such interval exists, the answer is -1. Return an array containing the answers to the queries.

Input: intervals = [[1,4],[2,4],[3,6],[4,4]], queries = [2,3,4,5] Output: [3,3,1,4]

There is a bi-directional graph with n vertices, where each vertex is labeled from 0 to n - 1 (inclusive). The edges in the graph are represented as a 2D integer array edges, where each edges[i] = [ui, vi] denotes a bi-directional edge between vertex ui and vertex vi. Every vertex pair is connected by at most one edge, and no vertex has an edge to itself. You want to determine if there is a valid path that exists from vertex source to vertex destination. Given edges and the integers n, source, and destination, return true if there is a valid path from source to destination, or false otherwise.

Input: n = 3, edges = [[0,1],[1,2],[2,0]], source = 0, destination = 2 Output: true

You are given an m x n matrix mat that has its rows sorted in non-decreasing order and an integer k. You are allowed to choose exactly one element from each row to form an array. Return the kth smallest array sum among all possible arrays.

Input: mat = [[1,3,11],[2,4,6]], k = 5 Output: 7

You are given an integer array nums. You want to maximize the number of points you get by performing the following operation any number of times: Pick any nums[i] and delete it to earn nums[i] points. Afterwards, you must delete every element equal to nums[i] - 1 and every element equal to nums[i] + 1. Return the maximum number of points you can earn by applying the above operation some number of times.

Input: nums = [3,4,2] Output: 6

Given an integer num, return the number of steps to reduce it to zero. In one step, if the current number is even, you have to divide it by 2, otherwise, you have to subtract 1 from it.

Input: num = 14 Output: 6

Given an integer array nums of positive integers, return the average value of all even integers that are divisible by 3. Note that the average of n elements is the sum of the n elements divided by n and rounded down to the nearest integer.

Input: nums = [1,3,6,10,12,15] Output: 9

A farmer has a rectangular grid of land with m rows and n columns that can be divided into unit cells. Each cell is either fertile (represented by a 1) or barren (represented by a 0). All cells outside the grid are considered barren. A pyramidal plot of land can be defined as a set of cells with the following criteria: The number of cells in the set has to be greater than 1 and all cells must be fertile. The apex of a pyramid is the topmost cell of the pyramid. The height of a pyramid is the number of rows it covers. Let (r, c) be the apex of the pyramid, and its height be h. Then, the plot comprises of cells (i, j) where r <= i <= r + h - 1 and c - (i - r) <= j <= c + (i - r). An inverse pyramidal plot of land can be defined as a set of cells with similar criteria: The number of cells in the set has to be greater than 1 and all cells must be fertile. The apex of an inverse pyramid is the bottommost cell of the inverse pyramid. The height of an inverse pyramid is the number of rows it covers. Let (r, c) be the apex of the pyramid, and its height be h. Then, the plot comprises of cells (i, j) where r - h + 1 <= i <= r and c - (r - i) <= j <= c + (r - i). Some examples of valid and invalid pyramidal (and inverse pyramidal) plots are shown below. Black cells indicate fertile cells. Given a 0-indexed m x n binary matrix grid representing the farmland, return the total number of pyramidal and inverse pyramidal plots that can be found in grid.

Input: grid = [[0,1,1,0],[1,1,1,1]] Output: 2

You are given a string num consisting of digits only. Return the largest palindromic integer (in the form of a string) that can be formed using digits taken from num. It should not contain leading zeroes. Notes: You do not need to use all the digits of num, but you must use at least one digit. The digits can be reordered.

Input: num = "444947137" Output: "7449447"

Given four integers sx, sy, tx, and ty, return true if it is possible to convert the point (sx, sy) to the point (tx, ty) through some operations, or false otherwise. The allowed operation on some point (x, y) is to convert it to either (x, x + y) or (x + y, y).

Input: sx = 1, sy = 1, tx = 3, ty = 5 Output: true

You are standing at position 0 on an infinite number line. There is a destination at position target. You can make some number of moves numMoves so that: On each move, you can either go left or right. During the ith move (starting from i == 1 to i == numMoves), you take i steps in the chosen direction. Given the integer target, return the minimum number of moves required (i.e., the minimum numMoves) to reach the destination.

Input: target = 2 Output: 3

You are given an integer array jobs, where jobs[i] is the amount of time it takes to complete the ith job. There are k workers that you can assign jobs to. Each job should be assigned to exactly one worker. The working time of a worker is the sum of the time it takes to complete all jobs assigned to them. Your goal is to devise an optimal assignment such that the maximum working time of any worker is minimized. Return the minimum possible maximum working time of any assignment.

Input: jobs = [3,2,3], k = 3 Output: 3

There are a total of numCourses courses you have to take, labeled from 0 to numCourses - 1. You are given an array prerequisites where prerequisites[i] = [ai, bi] indicates that you must take course ai first if you want to take course bi. For example, the pair [0, 1] indicates that you have to take course 0 before you can take course 1. Prerequisites can also be indirect. If course a is a prerequisite of course b, and course b is a prerequisite of course c, then course a is a prerequisite of course c. You are also given an array queries where queries[j] = [uj, vj]. For the jth query, you should answer whether course uj is a prerequisite of course vj or not. Return a boolean array answer, where answer[j] is the answer to the jth query.

Input: numCourses = 2, prerequisites = [[1,0]], queries = [[0,1],[1,0]] Output: [false,true]

There is a strange printer with the following two special properties: The printer can only print a sequence of the same character each time. At each turn, the printer can print new characters starting from and ending at any place and will cover the original existing characters. Given a string s, return the minimum number of turns the printer needed to print it.

Input: s = "aaabbb" Output: 2

You are given two 0-indexed arrays nums and cost consisting each of n positive integers. You can do the following operation any number of times: Increase or decrease any element of the array nums by 1. The cost of doing one operation on the ith element is cost[i]. Return the minimum total cost such that all the elements of the array nums become equal.

Input: nums = [1,3,5,2], cost = [2,3,1,14] Output: 8

A company is planning to interview 2n people. Given the array costs where costs[i] = [aCosti, bCosti], the cost of flying the ith person to city a is aCosti, and the cost of flying the ith person to city b is bCosti. Return the minimum cost to fly every person to a city such that exactly n people arrive in each city.

Input: costs = [[10,20],[30,200],[400,50],[30,20]] Output: 110