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---
dataset_info:
- config_name: A-OKVQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 14048199
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1168340
  dataset_size: 14048199
- config_name: CIFAR-100
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 1519890
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 20544
  dataset_size: 1519890
- config_name: CIRR
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 70162098
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1565489
  dataset_size: 70162098
- config_name: ChartQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 14354641
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1434448
  dataset_size: 14354641
- config_name: Country211
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 3678000
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 31556
  dataset_size: 3678000
- config_name: DocVQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 23044459
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1734476
  dataset_size: 23044459
- config_name: EDIS
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 184208708
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 3350382
  dataset_size: 184208708
- config_name: FashionIQ
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 71169665
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1729457
  dataset_size: 71169665
- config_name: GQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 40809641
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1764457
  dataset_size: 40809641
- config_name: HatefulMemes
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 184890
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 9972
  dataset_size: 184890
- config_name: ImageNet-1K
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 28773890
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 185019
  dataset_size: 28773890
- config_name: ImageNet-A
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 28772890
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 147780
  dataset_size: 28772890
- config_name: ImageNet-R
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 3456890
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 23656
  dataset_size: 3456890
- config_name: InfographicsVQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 19114439
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1439837
  dataset_size: 19114439
- config_name: MSCOCO
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 97759085
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1681753
  dataset_size: 97759085
- config_name: MSCOCO_i2t
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 60201740
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1785583
  dataset_size: 60201740
- config_name: MSCOCO_t2i
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 87127008
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1296167
  dataset_size: 87127008
- config_name: N24News
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 630658
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 110698
  dataset_size: 630658
- config_name: NIGHTS
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 75116000
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1528646
  dataset_size: 75116000
- config_name: OK-VQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 15332578
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1564823
  dataset_size: 15332578
- config_name: OVEN
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 717934263
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 406792141
  dataset_size: 717934263
- config_name: ObjectNet
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 2036000
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 27132
  dataset_size: 2036000
- config_name: Place365
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 7045000
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 89866
  dataset_size: 7045000
- config_name: RefCOCO
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 96493941
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1858145
  dataset_size: 96493941
- config_name: RefCOCO-Matching
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 145712476
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 2879385
  dataset_size: 145712476
- config_name: SUN397
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 7990000
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 118447
  dataset_size: 7990000
- config_name: ScienceQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 23870406
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 958782
  dataset_size: 23870406
- config_name: TextVQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 17435986
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1571656
  dataset_size: 17435986
- config_name: VOC2007
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 368000
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 13813
  dataset_size: 368000
- config_name: VisDial
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 67989850
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1730820
  dataset_size: 67989850
- config_name: Visual7W
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 22047066
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1564788
  dataset_size: 22047066
- config_name: Visual7W-Pointing
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 94906832
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1299380
  dataset_size: 94906832
- config_name: VisualNews_i2t
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 118329649
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 81491360
  dataset_size: 118329649
- config_name: VisualNews_t2i
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 97176206
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1763677
  dataset_size: 97176206
- config_name: VizWiz
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 20550246
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1425789
  dataset_size: 20550246
- config_name: WebQA
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 197701404
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 3257136
  dataset_size: 197701404
- config_name: Wiki-SS-NQ
  features:
  - name: qry_text
    dtype: string
  - name: qry_img_path
    dtype: string
  - name: tgt_text
    sequence: string
  - name: tgt_img_path
    sequence: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 74583207
    num_examples: 1000
  download_size: 1900579
  dataset_size: 74583207
configs:
- config_name: A-OKVQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: A-OKVQA/test-*
- config_name: CIFAR-100
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: CIFAR-100/test-*
- config_name: CIRR
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: CIRR/test-*
- config_name: ChartQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: ChartQA/test-*
- config_name: Country211
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Country211/test-*
- config_name: DocVQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: DocVQA/test-*
- config_name: EDIS
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: EDIS/test-*
- config_name: FashionIQ
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: FashionIQ/test-*
- config_name: GQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: GQA/test-*
- config_name: HatefulMemes
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: HatefulMemes/test-*
- config_name: ImageNet-1K
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: ImageNet-1K/test-*
- config_name: ImageNet-A
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: ImageNet-A/test-*
- config_name: ImageNet-R
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: ImageNet-R/test-*
- config_name: InfographicsVQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: InfographicsVQA/test-*
- config_name: MSCOCO
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: MSCOCO/test-*
- config_name: MSCOCO_i2t
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: MSCOCO_i2t/test-*
- config_name: MSCOCO_t2i
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: MSCOCO_t2i/test-*
- config_name: N24News
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: N24News/test-*
- config_name: NIGHTS
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: NIGHTS/test-*
- config_name: OK-VQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: OK-VQA/test-*
- config_name: OVEN
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: OVEN/test-*
- config_name: ObjectNet
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: ObjectNet/test-*
- config_name: Place365
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Place365/test-*
- config_name: RefCOCO
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: RefCOCO/test-*
- config_name: RefCOCO-Matching
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: RefCOCO-Matching/test-*
- config_name: SUN397
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: SUN397/test-*
- config_name: ScienceQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: ScienceQA/test-*
- config_name: TextVQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: TextVQA/test-*
- config_name: VOC2007
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: VOC2007/test-*
- config_name: VisDial
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: VisDial/test-*
- config_name: Visual7W
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Visual7W/test-*
- config_name: Visual7W-Pointing
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Visual7W-Pointing/test-*
- config_name: VisualNews_i2t
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: VisualNews_i2t/test-*
- config_name: VisualNews_t2i
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: VisualNews_t2i/test-*
- config_name: VizWiz
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: VizWiz/test-*
- config_name: WebQA
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: WebQA/test-*
- config_name: Wiki-SS-NQ
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Wiki-SS-NQ/test-*
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
tags:
- ranking
pretty_name: MMEB
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---

# Massive Multimodal Embedding Benchmark

We compile a large set of evaluation tasks to understand the capabilities of multimodal embedding models. This benchmark covers 4 meta tasks and 36 datasets meticulously selected for evaluation.

The dataset is published in our paper [VLM2Vec: Training Vision-Language Models for Massive Multimodal Embedding Tasks](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05160).

## Dataset Usage
For each dataset, we have 1000 examples for evaluation. Each example contains a query and a set of targets. Both the query and target could be any combination of image and text. The first one in the candidate list is the groundtruth target.  

## Statistics
We show the statistics of all the datasets as follows:
<img width="900" alt="abs" src="statistics.png">

## Per-dataset Results
We list the performance of different embedding models in the following:
<img width="900" alt="abs" src="leaderboard.png">

## Submission
We will set a formal leaderboard soon. If you want to add your results to the leaderboard, please send email to us at ziyanjiang528@gmail.com.

## Cite Us
```
@article{jiang2024vlm2vec,
  title={VLM2Vec: Training Vision-Language Models for Massive Multimodal Embedding Tasks},
  author={Jiang, Ziyan and Meng, Rui and Yang, Xinyi and Yavuz, Semih and Zhou, Yingbo and Chen, Wenhu},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.05160},
  year={2024}
}
```