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1
00:00:01,770 --> 00:00:07,230
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
2
00:00:07,230 --> 00:00:11,510
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte count ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„
3
00:00:11,510 --> 00:00:16,190
reticulocyte ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
4
00:00:16,190 --> 00:00:19,290
reticulocyte ูˆุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
5
00:00:19,290 --> 00:00:24,450
ูˆู‡ู†ุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
6
00:00:24,450 --> 00:00:29,650
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† immature RBCs ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู‚ุงูŠุง
7
00:00:29,650 --> 00:00:38,180
cytoplasmic RNA ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ RBCs ูู‚ุฏุช ู†ูˆุงุชู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰
8
00:00:38,180 --> 00:00:43,420
ููŠู‡ุง ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RNA ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ organelles ุฒูŠ
9
00:00:43,420 --> 00:00:47,920
ุงู„ู…ูŠุชูˆูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ ribosomes ุทุจุนุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู€
10
00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:51,840
maturation stages ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ erythrocyte ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู€
11
00:00:51,840 --> 00:00:55,580
pronormoblastุŒ mesopheric normoblastุŒ
12
00:00:55,580 --> 00:00:59,080
polychromatic normoblastุŒ orthochromic normoblast
13
00:00:59,630 --> 00:01:03,690
ูุงู„ู€ Atlas stages ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‘ูŠุงุชู‡ุง ูˆูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
14
00:01:03,690 --> 00:01:07,690
ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุง ุฃุดูˆูุด ุฃูŠ
15
00:01:07,690 --> 00:01:11,590
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral blood ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
16
00:01:11,590 --> 00:01:16,210
ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ูˆุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจู‚ุงุก ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RNA ูˆุงู„ู€
17
00:01:16,210 --> 00:01:22,450
mitochondria ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Polychromatic
18
00:01:22,450 --> 00:01:28,510
erythrocyte ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ
19
00:01:28,510 --> 00:01:33,330
ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจูˆู„ูŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ุงุฒูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุนุฏุฏ ููŠ ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
20
00:01:33,330 --> 00:01:36,230
ุงู„ู€reticulocyte ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจูˆู„ูŠูƒุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุด
21
00:01:36,230 --> 00:01:40,870
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€RBCsุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€RNA ุงู„ู„ูŠ
22
00:01:40,870 --> 00:01:46,460
ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซูŠู„ูŠู† ุจู„ูˆ ูˆุงู„ู€ Erythrocyte
23
00:01:46,460 --> 00:01:52,520
ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู€ Eosin ูู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจู„ูˆู† ู…ุง
24
00:01:52,520 --> 00:01:56,600
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ Pink ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Eosin ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Blue
25
00:01:56,600 --> 00:02:01,540
ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Methylene Blue ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ู„ูˆู†
26
00:02:01,540 --> 00:02:05,980
Pink ุนู„ู‰ ุฒุฑู‚ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุจู‚ุงูŠุง
27
00:02:05,980 --> 00:02:10,780
ุงู„ู€ RNA ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุณู…ูŠุช Reticulocyte
28
00:02:10,780 --> 00:02:15,820
ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
29
00:02:15,820 --> 00:02:20,880
reticulum ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฌู‰ ุงุณู… reticulocyte
30
00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:24,580
ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ mature erythrocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ
31
00:02:24,580 --> 00:02:29,900
ุจุชุนูŠุด 120 ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู†
32
00:02:29,900 --> 00:02:34,700
ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ูู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ู€
33
00:02:34,700 --> 00:02:40,320
reticulocyte ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
34
00:02:40,320 --> 00:02:43,080
ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู€ orthochromic normoblast ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†
35
00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:47,430
ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ ูˆุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€
36
00:02:47,430 --> 00:02:51,530
reticulocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
37
00:02:51,530 --> 00:02:55,350
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู…ูƒุซ ููŠ
38
00:02:55,350 --> 00:02:59,750
ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุช ุฃูŠุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
39
00:02:59,750 --> 00:03:03,250
ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุทู„ุน
40
00:03:03,250 --> 00:03:06,110
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral
41
00:03:06,110 --> 00:03:10,510
blood ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณ ูˆุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ mature
42
00:03:10,510 --> 00:03:14,450
erythrocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ูƒุซู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral
43
00:03:14,450 --> 00:03:20,390
blood ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูู‚ุท ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุชุทูˆู„ ููŠ
44
00:03:20,390 --> 00:03:26,570
ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
45
00:03:26,570 --> 00:03:31,650
ุฅูŠุด ูุงูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte count?
46
00:03:32,330 --> 00:03:37,350
ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
47
00:03:37,350 --> 00:03:40,130
ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood
48
00:03:40,130 --> 00:03:44,690
ุตุญุŸ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ mature erythrocyte ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
49
00:03:44,690 --> 00:03:49,150
ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนุฏ ู„ู„ู€ reticulocyte ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู
50
00:03:49,150 --> 00:03:53,210
ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุดุบุงู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง RBCs
51
00:03:53,210 --> 00:03:58,050
ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนูƒุณู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ effectiveness of
52
00:03:58,050 --> 00:04:02,150
red cell production from bone marrow ุงู„ู€
53
00:04:02,150 --> 00:04:05,370
reticulocyte ุฅู†ู‡ุง normal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู† ู†ุต
54
00:04:05,370 --> 00:04:09,890
ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุต ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุฅู„ู‰ 1.5
55
00:04:09,890 --> 00:04:15,030
RBCs ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ Reticulocyte ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงูŠุง
56
00:04:15,030 --> 00:04:19,730
ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Range ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte
57
00:04:19,730 --> 00:04:24,030
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุดุบุงู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€
58
00:04:24,030 --> 00:04:27,910
Normal Range ู„ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
59
00:04:27,910 --> 00:04:31,790
Reticulocyte ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู†ุต ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ูƒุณู„ ููŠ
60
00:04:31,790 --> 00:04:34,990
ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ Erythroid cells
61
00:04:34,990 --> 00:04:42,120
ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† 1.5 ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡
62
00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:46,960
ููŠู‡ ยซุงุฑูŠุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู‡ุงูŠุจุฑุจู„ุงุดูŠุงยป ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠู‡
63
00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:51,740
ู†ุดุงุท ุฒุงุฆุฏ ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ุง ูุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ reticulocyte
64
00:04:51,740 --> 00:04:57,720
ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ูู‡ู…
65
00:04:57,720 --> 00:05:02,140
ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Normal Range ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฌุชุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
66
00:05:02,140 --> 00:05:08,260
ู†ุณุชู†ุชุฌู‡ุงุŒ ูู„ู†ูุฑุถ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ RBCs 100 ูŠูˆู…
67
00:05:08,260 --> 00:05:14,600
100 ุฅู„ู‰ 120 ูŠูˆู… ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ุชูˆุณุท 100 ูŠูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ 100
68
00:05:14,600 --> 00:05:17,420
ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
69
00:05:17,420 --> 00:05:20,660
ุงู„ู€Peripheral Blood ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุฏุด
70
00:05:20,660 --> 00:05:25,740
ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ู€100 ูŠูˆู… ุจุตุฑู 100 ุดูƒู„ ู…ุซู„ุง
71
00:05:25,740 --> 00:05:32,060
ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุฏุด ุจุตุฑูุŸ 1% ุดูƒู„ ุตุญุŸ ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
72
00:05:32,060 --> 00:05:36,750
ุฅุฐุง ุจุงู„ู€100 ูŠูˆู… ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€RBCs ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
73
00:05:36,750 --> 00:05:40,490
1% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู‡ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ 1%
74
00:05:40,490 --> 00:05:44,670
ู‡ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุจุฏุงู„ู‡ reticulocyte
75
00:05:44,670 --> 00:05:49,150
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€
76
00:05:49,150 --> 00:05:54,170
RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุตุฑูุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ Reticulocyte ุจู…ุง
77
00:05:54,170 --> 00:05:58,790
ูŠุนุงุฏู„ 1% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€Whole Blood ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€Total RBCs
78
00:05:58,790 --> 00:06:01,850
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Peripheral Blood ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€Normal
79
00:06:01,850 --> 00:06:05,870
Range 1% ุทุจุนุง ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุง ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Target ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจู†ุญุท
80
00:06:05,870 --> 00:06:10,850
Range ุจู†ุญุท ู…ู† ู†ุต ุฅู„ู‰ 1.5% ูŠุนุชุจุฑ within Normal
81
00:06:10,850 --> 00:06:15,620
Range ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ยซุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆยป ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€
82
00:06:15,620 --> 00:06:19,100
reticulocyte 1% ุซู… ุงู„ู€ ยซุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆยป ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ
83
00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:24,060
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง 1% ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ุชุชุบูŠุฑ
84
00:06:24,060 --> 00:06:30,600
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง 1% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ยซุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒยป
85
00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:34,040
ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ูˆุจุชุชู… ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู€ reticulocyte ุงู„ู€ absolute
86
00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:38,840
count ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ absolute countุŸ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
87
00:06:38,840 --> 00:06:43,180
ุจุงู„ู€ ยซู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู„ูŠุชุฑยป ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู€ ยซู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจยป ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
88
00:06:43,180 --> 00:06:49,040
25 .. ู‡ู†ุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุณุจู‡ ู…ู† 25 ุฅู„ู‰ 75 ุฃู„ู ุจูŠุฑ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
89
00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:49,380
ู„ุชุฑ
90
00:08:01,140 --> 00:08:05,660
ุฃู…ุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyteุŸ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
91
00:08:05,660 --> 00:08:10,300
reticulocyte ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
92
00:08:10,300 --> 00:08:14,220
activation ู„ู„ู€ bone marrow ุฃูˆ hyper stimulation
93
00:08:14,220 --> 00:08:17,900
ู„ู„ู€ bone marrow ุฃู…ุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ hyper stimulation
94
00:08:17,900 --> 00:08:22,180
ู„ู„ู€ bone marrowุŸ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral
95
00:08:22,180 --> 00:08:28,620
blood ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุฃุฏู‰ ู„ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ููŠ
96
00:08:28,620 --> 00:08:33,220
ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู†ุฒูŠู ุฃุฏู‰ ู„ูู‚ุฏุงู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†
97
00:08:33,220 --> 00:08:40,040
acute ุฃูˆ chronic ุฃูŠ ุณุจุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฏุช ู„ู†ู‚ุต
98
00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:46,400
ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุนู…ู„ุช Hypoxia ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู†
99
00:08:46,400 --> 00:08:51,240
ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง Hypoxia ุงู„ู€ kidney
100
00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:54,920
ุงู„ู€ kidney ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ุงู„ู€
101
00:08:54,920 --> 00:08:57,540
erythropoietin ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ stimulation ู„ู„ู€ bone marrow
102
00:08:58,820 --> 00:09:04,980
ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ู‘ุน RBCs ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุนูˆุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
103
00:09:04,980 --> 00:09:08,740
ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุนูˆุถ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia ุฃูˆ ุชุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Hypoxia
104
00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:13,940
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow
105
00:09:13,940 --> 00:09:17,940
ุดุบุงู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ุญูŠุทู„ู‘ุน ูˆุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ stimulation ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
106
00:09:17,940 --> 00:09:21,640
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุทู„ู‘ุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุณุฏ ุงู„ุนุฌุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู…ู†
107
00:09:21,640 --> 00:09:25,140
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ ThalassemiaุŒ Sidroblastis Anemia
108
00:09:25,140 --> 00:09:29,530
Acute and Chronic Blood LossุŒ Hemolytic Anemia
109
00:09:29,530 --> 00:09:37,690
Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy
110
00:09:37,690 --> 00:09:42,270
Pregnancy
111
00:09:42,270 --> 00:09:43,550
Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy
112
00:09:43,550 --> 00:09:43,570
Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy
113
00:09:43,570 --> 00:09:43,950
Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy
114
00:09:43,950 --> 00:09:47,250
Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy
115
00:09:47,250 --> 00:09:51,770
Pregnancy
116
00:09:51,770 --> 00:09:55,770
Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy
117
00:09:55,770 --> 00:09:59,120
Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow
118
00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:02,780
ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ูƒุณู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
119
00:10:02,780 --> 00:10:06,860
ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ุงุฌ ู‡ูŠุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow ูŠุชู†ุดุท ูˆูŠุตู†ุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุญุชู‰
120
00:10:06,860 --> 00:10:10,360
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte count ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
121
00:10:10,360 --> 00:10:14,860
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนุถ
122
00:10:14,860 --> 00:10:17,820
ุงู„ู€ Medications ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow ู‡ุชุฑูุน
123
00:10:17,820 --> 00:10:20,520
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte count ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
124
00:10:20,520 --> 00:10:24,440
standing ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„
125
00:10:24,440 --> 00:10:27,380
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ูู„ู‚ูŠุช ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Wright Stain
126
00:10:27,380 --> 00:10:30,640
ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ุณุง ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠุดู…ุงู†
127
00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:33,700
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Wright ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุจู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Blood Film ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
128
00:10:33,700 --> 00:10:37,840
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
129
00:10:37,840 --> 00:10:42,760
polychromatic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆู† pink ุนู„ู‰ ุฒุฑู‚ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†
130
00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:47,140
ุชูƒูˆู† macrocytic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ erythrocyte
131
00:10:47,140 --> 00:10:52,080
ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ
132
00:10:52,080 --> 00:10:56,450
ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Blood Film ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
133
00:10:56,450 --> 00:11:00,270
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูู…ุง
134
00:11:00,270 --> 00:11:05,250
ุฃู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง
135
00:11:05,250 --> 00:11:08,330
ุจู†ูุน ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Blood Film
136
00:11:08,330 --> 00:11:12,730
ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ู„ุฃ ุฑุงุญ
137
00:11:12,730 --> 00:11:17,610
ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€
138
00:11:17,610 --> 00:11:22,410
Reticulocyte Staining ูƒูŠู ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃุตุจุงุบ
139
00:11:22,410 --> 00:11:26,950
ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ยซvital dyesยป ุฃูˆ ยซsupravital stainsยป
140
00:11:26,950 --> 00:11:33,590
ุงู„ุฃุตุจุงุบ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุตุจุบ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‡ูŠ viable ูˆู‡ูŠ ุญูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
141
00:11:33,590 --> 00:11:38,210
ุฃู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ู€ blood film ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุฑุฏุช ุจุนุฏ
142
00:11:38,210 --> 00:11:41,810
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฌููุช ุงู„ู€ blood film ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู…ู„ุช fixation ุทุจุนุง
143
00:11:41,810 --> 00:11:44,990
ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ viable ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
144
00:11:44,990 --> 00:11:49,030
ู‡ุชู…ูˆุช ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ fixation ูˆุชุฌููŠู ูˆ fixation ู‡ุชู…ูˆุช
145
00:11:49,030 --> 00:11:55,400
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุตุจุบ ุงู„ู€ RNA ูˆุงู„ู€ Organelles ุงู„ู„ูŠ
146
00:11:55,400 --> 00:12:01,100
ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ
147
00:12:01,100 --> 00:12:06,020
ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Cell Membrane ูˆุชุตุจุบ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
148
00:12:06,020 --> 00:12:10,160
ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตุจุงุบ ุงู„ู€ Supravital Stains
149
00:12:10,160 --> 00:12:14,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู€ New Methylene Blue ุจุฑูŠู„ูŠุงู†ุช
150
00:12:14,980 --> 00:12:18,860
ูƒุฑูŠุฒู„ูŠ ุจู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฑ ุฃุฒุงุฑุจูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุจุบุงุช ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
151
00:12:19,260 --> 00:12:22,360
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ precipitation ู„ู„ู€ RNA ูˆุงู„ู€ organelles
152
00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:26,740
ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ filamentous network of reticulum ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
153
00:12:26,740 --> 00:12:31,900
ุดุจูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ organelles ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู†
154
00:12:31,900 --> 00:12:37,200
ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
155
00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:45,100
ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู…
156
00:12:45,100 --> 00:12:50,510
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู„ู… ุชู… ุฅุนุฏุงุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุตุจุงุบุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงู„ู€
157
00:12:50,510 --> 00:12:54,810
Supravital Stains ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
158
00:12:54,810 --> 00:12:57,510
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู…ุด ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€
159
00:12:57,510 --> 00:13:00,170
Pink ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุณุจูˆู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ New Methylene Blue ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด
160
00:13:00,170 --> 00:13:03,770
ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† Pink ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† Pink
161
00:13:03,770 --> 00:13:07,010
ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุตุจุบุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุฎู„ุทูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Eosin ูˆ
162
00:13:07,010 --> 00:13:10,430
ุงู„ู€ Methylene ุตุญุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃ ุตุจุบุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
163
00:13:10,430 --> 00:13:13,850
Methylene Blue ูู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Blue
164
00:13:14,930 --> 00:13:18,130
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง reticulocyte ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ
165
00:13:18,130 --> 00:13:23,390
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ mature ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู†
166
00:13:23,390 --> 00:13:29,930
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุดุจูƒุฉ
167
00:13:29,930 --> 00:13:34,350
ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑุณุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€RNA ูˆุจู‚ุงูŠุง
168
00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:37,810
ุงู„ู€organelles ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„
169
00:13:37,810 --> 00:13:40,750
ุงู„ู€reticulocyte ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจู†ุง ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆู†ุตุจุบ
170
00:13:40,750 --> 00:13:43,210
ูˆู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ูˆู†ุนุฏู‡ุง ูˆู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
171
00:13:47,110 --> 00:13:52,270
ู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง blood film ุนุงุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ
172
00:13:52,270 --> 00:13:55,950
reticulocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดุงูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุง
173
00:13:55,950 --> 00:13:59,430
ุฃุฎุฏ ู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฒุฑู‚ ุจุณ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ู…ุง
174
00:13:59,430 --> 00:14:02,990
ุชู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ blood film ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฃ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
175
00:14:02,990 --> 00:14:06,550
ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุฅุนุฏุงุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ super vital stain ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
176
00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:11,770
ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ reticulocyte ูˆู‡ูŠ reticulocyte
177
216
00:17:13,210 --> 00:17:18,830
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุฎู„ุช ุฑุงุญ
217
00:17:18,830 --> 00:17:19,330
ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง
218
00:17:24,510 --> 00:17:27,270
ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
219
00:17:27,270 --> 00:17:30,610
ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ูˆู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุนู…ู„ mixing ู„ู€ equal
220
00:17:30,610 --> 00:17:37,250
volume ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุนู…ู„ incubation ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
221
00:17:37,250 --> 00:17:41,130
10X ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ field ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ุจุฏู‡
222
00:17:41,130 --> 00:17:45,710
ุฃุฎุชุงุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ monolayer ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†
223
00:17:45,710 --> 00:17:53,530
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุฃุญุท ุนู„ู‰ 100X ูˆุฃุญุท ุงู„ู€ oil ูˆุฃุจู„ุด
224
00:17:53,530 --> 00:18:01,900
ุฃุนุฏุŒ ุฃุจู„ุด ุฅูŠุด ุฃุนุฏ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุจุชุงุนุชูŠ ุจุฏูŠ
225
00:18:01,900 --> 00:18:05,600
ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุจุฌูŠุจ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
226
00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:09,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุฏูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู„ู ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุนุฏูŠุช ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู
227
00:18:09,740 --> 00:18:14,560
ุจู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ูุŒ ุฃุดู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs
228
00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:20,740
ุงู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุฏูŠุช ููŠู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€
229
00:18:20,740 --> 00:18:24,320
reticulocyte ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง example ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฏูŠู†ุง 25
230
00:18:24,320 --> 00:18:28,380
reticulocyte ููŠ ุฃู„ู ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte count ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
231
00:18:28,380 --> 00:18:34,820
25 ููŠ 100 ุนู„ู‰ 1000 ุจุทู„ุน 2.5% ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ
232
00:18:34,820 --> 00:18:39,320
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู„ู„ู€ whole blood 2.5 2.5 ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
233
00:18:39,320 --> 00:18:44,100
RBCs ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ 2.5% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุฃุด reticulocyte
234
00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:52,120
ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุตุนุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
235
00:18:52,120 --> 00:18:56,060
ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ field ุฃุนุฏ 200ุŒ 1000 ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุดูŠุก
236
00:18:56,060 --> 00:19:00,860
ุจูŠุฒู‘ู‚ ูุฑุงุญุช ุชูƒุฑ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Miller
237
00:19:00,860 --> 00:19:06,380
disk ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ุฑุต ุดูุงู ุจู†ุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠุฉ
238
00:19:06,380 --> 00:19:10,320
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
239
00:19:10,320 --> 00:19:13,260
field ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
240
00:19:13,260 --> 00:19:17,720
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ field ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑุณู…
241
00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:25,960
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑุจุน A ูˆููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุจุน ุตุบูŠุฑ
242
00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:32,120
ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
243
00:19:32,120 --> 00:19:37,600
ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
244
00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:41,850
ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน A ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุฃู‡ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง
245
00:19:41,850 --> 00:19:46,330
ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ field ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุฏ ููŠ
246
00:19:46,330 --> 00:19:52,110
ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน B ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ 50 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน A ูƒู…
247
00:19:52,110 --> 00:19:59,390
ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ 50ร—9 450 ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุนุฏุงุด ุงู„ู€ RBCs
248
00:19:59,390 --> 00:20:05,630
ุทูŠุจ ุนุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด
249
00:20:05,630 --> 00:20:08,570
ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุทุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ reticulocyte
250
00:20:08,820 --> 00:20:12,020
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ุฃุชุบู„ุจ
251
00:20:12,020 --> 00:20:15,840
ู„ูˆ ุนุฏูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน A ูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
252
00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:20,680
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ ูˆู„ู†ูุฑุถ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ
253
00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:27,200
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ 450 RBCs ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนู„ู‰
254
00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:31,640
field ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุจูƒุฑุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู‡ู„ ุนู„ูŠุง ุนุดุงู†
255
00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:37,180
ู…ุง ุฃุธู„ุด ุฃุนุฏ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงู„ุฃู„ูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุชุณุน ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุถุฑุจ
256
00:20:37,180 --> 00:20:42,850
9 ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ reticulocyte ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Square A
257
00:20:42,850 --> 00:20:46,950
ุจุณ ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† field ู…ุด ููŠ field ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
258
00:20:46,950 --> 00:20:52,770
ุทู„ุน ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุนุงู‡ 100 ููƒุงู† ุนุฏุฏ reticulocyte ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
259
00:20:52,770 --> 00:20:58,030
ุนุฏู‘ูˆุง 100 ูˆุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‘ูˆุง 500 ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€
260
00:20:58,030 --> 00:21:01,570
500 ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน B ุจุณ ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† field ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
261
00:21:01,570 --> 00:21:07,850
fields ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ูุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€ 500 ููŠ 9 ุฃู‡ ูˆุฃู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
262
00:21:07,850 --> 00:21:11,970
reticulocyte ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ
263
00:21:11,970 --> 00:21:15,950
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ููŠ 100%
264
00:21:15,950 --> 00:21:19,870
ูุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
265
00:21:19,870 --> 00:21:23,250
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุณุทุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ field
266
00:21:23,250 --> 00:21:26,630
ูƒู„ู‡ ูˆู†ุนุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ reticulocyte ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ
267
00:21:26,630 --> 00:21:33,650
ูƒูŠู ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
268
00:21:33,650 --> 00:21:38,650
percent count ุตุญุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุณุฌู„ ูƒู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
269
00:21:38,650 --> 00:21:42,530
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ absolute reticulocyte count ุงู„ู„ูŠ
270
00:21:42,530 --> 00:21:45,530
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ actual number ู„ู„ู€ reticulocyte ููŠ ุงู„ู€
271
00:21:45,530 --> 00:21:48,330
microliter ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liter ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
272
00:21:48,330 --> 00:21:54,130
ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ูƒูŠู ุจุญุณุจู‡ุŸ ุจุญุณุจู‡ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
273
00:21:54,130 --> 00:21:58,130
ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ู„ูŠ ุจุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ
274
00:21:58,130 --> 00:22:03,030
ูŠุนู†ูŠ is calculated by multiplying the reticulocyte
275
00:22:03,030 --> 00:22:09,750
percent by the RBCs count and divided by 100 ุทุจุนุงู‹
276
00:22:09,750 --> 00:22:14,030
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ูƒู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ hundred
277
00:22:14,030 --> 00:22:18,150
reticulocyte ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู†
278
00:22:18,150 --> 00:22:22,510
ู…ู† ู…ุฆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฆุฉ for example ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
279
00:22:22,510 --> 00:22:25,490
critical site ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงุซู†ูŠู†
280
00:22:25,490 --> 00:22:29,370
ูˆู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจู‡ุง
281
00:22:29,370 --> 00:22:37,910
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ุถุฑุจ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ
282
00:22:37,910 --> 00:22:41,710
ุฃู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู‚ุณูˆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
283
00:22:41,710 --> 00:22:47,250
ุงู„ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน 440
284
00:22:47,250 --> 00:22:58,790
ุฃู„ู ู„ูƒู„ microliter 440 ุฃู„ู ู„ูƒู„ microliter ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ
285
00:22:58,790 --> 00:23:04,830
ู†ุฃุชูŠ ู„ู€ Corrected reticulocyte count ูˆุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ ูˆ
286
00:23:04,830 --> 00:23:09,110
ู†ุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ู…ุฏู„ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู† reticulocyte
287
00:23:09,110 --> 00:23:13,400
count ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนูƒุณ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Total Production of Red Cells
288
00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:18,900
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนูƒุณ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู†ุฎุงุน ูˆุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ ู„ู„ู€ RBCs ุจุบุถ
289
00:23:18,900 --> 00:23:23,400
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ RBCs in the peripheral blood
290
00:23:23,400 --> 00:23:28,720
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงูŠุง ููŠ
291
00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:32,240
ุงู„ู€ CBC ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Microliter ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ
292
00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:37,840
ุทูŠุจุŒ ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ The reticulocyte
293
00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:43,650
count ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุณุจุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte count ู…ู…ูƒู†
294
00:23:43,650 --> 00:23:49,270
ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุณุจุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€
295
00:23:49,270 --> 00:23:53,270
reticulocyte ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ู†ุฎุงุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
296
00:23:53,270 --> 00:23:55,870
ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡
297
00:23:55,870 --> 00:23:58,930
ุฃูˆ ู†ูˆุตู„ ู„ุฅู† ุฃูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู„ุงุฒู…
298
00:23:58,930 --> 00:24:04,070
ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ู†ุฎุงุน ุงู„ุณุจุจ
299
00:24:04,070 --> 00:24:09,430
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood
300
00:24:09,430 --> 00:24:14,340
ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู‚ูู‘ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ
301
00:24:14,340 --> 00:24:19,740
ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ูƒู†ุณุจุฉ
302
00:24:19,740 --> 00:24:24,160
ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ุทู„ุนุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎูŠู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดุฎุตูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู…
303
00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:28,740
ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู†ุฏู‡ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ 4 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุฃุจูˆ 2
304
00:24:28,740 --> 00:24:31,460
ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
305
00:24:31,460 --> 00:24:34,620
ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุฃู„ู reticulocyte ูˆู‡ุฐุง
306
00:24:34,620 --> 00:24:38,180
ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฃู„ู reticulocyte ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูƒู„
307
00:24:38,180 --> 00:24:42,430
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ 1000 ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ุชุชุฎูู ููŠ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู€ 1000
308
00:24:42,430 --> 00:24:48,670
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชุชุฎูู ููŠ 4 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
309
00:24:48,670 --> 00:24:52,830
RBCs ุนู†ุฏู‡ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุนู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
310
00:24:52,830 --> 00:24:57,910
ุงู„ู€ RBCs 4 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ RBC ุงู„ู€
311
00:24:57,910 --> 00:25:00,910
Reticulocyte ุงุชุฎููุช ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู†ุฏ
312
00:25:00,910 --> 00:25:04,170
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte
313
00:25:04,170 --> 00:25:10,260
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ 4% ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ 2% ู‡ู„ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
314
00:25:10,260 --> 00:25:14,420
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ู€ reticulocyte ุฃู†ุดุทุŸ ู„ุง ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
315
00:25:14,420 --> 00:25:18,100
reticulocyte ุงุชุฎููุช ุจุนุฏุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠ ุงู„ู€
316
00:25:18,100 --> 00:25:22,100
circulation ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูˆุฌุฏ ุญู„ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
317
00:25:22,100 --> 00:25:26,320
ู„ุงุฒู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุชุนูƒุณ
318
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:29,620
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูุนู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู†ุฎุงุน ู…ุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
319
00:25:29,620 --> 00:25:35,260
reticulocyte ุงุชุฎููุช ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนุดุงู†
320
00:25:35,260 --> 00:25:42,800
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ correction ุงู„ู€ correction ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
321
00:25:42,800 --> 00:25:47,100
ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู€ RBC ุนู†ุฏู‡ Normal ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
322
00:25:47,100 --> 00:25:50,220
RBC ุนู†ุฏู‡ Normal ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte
323
00:25:50,220 --> 00:25:55,100
ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
324
00:25:55,100 --> 00:25:58,580
ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู…
325
00:25:58,580 --> 00:26:04,060
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ 4% ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ 2% ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู… ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง
326
00:26:05,710 --> 00:26:11,310
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ ูุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ 4% ูŠูˆุตู„
327
00:26:11,310 --> 00:26:15,950
ู„ู€ 2% ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุงูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู†ุฏู‡
328
00:26:15,950 --> 00:26:18,890
ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุณุจุฉ
329
00:26:18,890 --> 00:26:23,570
ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ slide
330
00:26:23,570 --> 00:26:27,330
ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฒุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…
331
00:26:27,330 --> 00:26:31,350
ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ูู‡ู…ุชุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ูŠูู‡ู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆ
332
00:26:31,350 --> 00:26:34,350
ุชุฌู‡ ู„ู€ ู…ุซุงู„ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ Compare the following two
333
00:26:34,350 --> 00:26:37,450
patients ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุฑูŠุถูŠู† patient number one ุนู†ุฏู‡
334
00:26:37,450 --> 00:26:43,210
hematocrit 42% ูˆ reticulocyte ุทู„ุนุช ู…ุนุงู‡ 1% patient
335
00:26:43,210 --> 00:26:48,370
2 ุงู„ู€ hematocrit 21% ูˆ reticulocyte ุทู„ุนุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ 2%
336
00:26:48,370 --> 00:26:52,640
ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
337
00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:56,160
Hematocrit ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู…ุตุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
338
00:26:56,160 --> 00:26:59,900
ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช
339
00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:04,040
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุนู†ุฏู‡ 1% ูˆู‡ุฐุง 2% patient 2
340
00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:10,320
theoretically has one-half as many red cells as
341
00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:16,540
patient 1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฑู‚ู… 2 ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ุตู ุนุฏุฏ
342
00:27:16,540 --> 00:27:22,890
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุตุญุŸ but has the same number
343
00:27:22,890 --> 00:27:28,070
of reticulocyte as patient 1 ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ
344
00:27:28,070 --> 00:27:32,410
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ูุณ ุนุฏุฏ reticulocyte ุจุชุงุน patient 1 ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
345
00:27:32,410 --> 00:27:38,130
ุจู†ุชุฌูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุชุฎูู ููŠ 42% ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ
346
00:27:38,130 --> 00:27:44,690
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุชุฎูู ููŠ 21% ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ุงุฒู…
347
00:27:44,690 --> 00:27:49,050
ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง correct reticulocyte ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
348
00:27:49,290 --> 00:27:58,830
ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ Patient Hematocrit ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ู‚ุณูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 45%
349
00:27:58,830 --> 00:28:03,230
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ 45% ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Normal Hematocrit ุงู„ู€
350
00:28:03,230 --> 00:28:06,410
Normal Hematocrit ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte count
351
00:28:06,410 --> 00:28:13,630
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ 2% ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ 2%
352
00:28:13,630 --> 00:28:19,770
ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Patient Hematocrit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 21 ุนู„ู‰
353
00:28:19,770 --> 00:28:25,330
45 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Normal Hematocrit ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ 1%
354
00:28:25,330 --> 00:28:31,530
ูุฃู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูƒูˆู† ุงุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูƒู…ุง
355
00:28:31,530 --> 00:28:35,150
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู†ุฏู‡ Normal ูˆุงู„ู€ Hematocrit
356
00:28:35,150 --> 00:28:42,290
ุนู†ุฏู‡ 45 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฑู‚ู… 2 ูƒู… ุณุชูƒูˆู†
357
00:28:42,290 --> 00:28:48,050
ุงู„ู€ Reticulocyte ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ Hematocrit ุนู†ุฏู‡ 45
358
00:28:48,050 --> 00:28:52,770
% ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนุฑู ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ bone
359
00:28:52,770 --> 00:28:57,030
marrow vintage reticulocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€
360
00:28:57,030 --> 00:28:59,690
percent count ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญุณุจุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ patient
361
00:28:59,690 --> 00:29:04,330
hematocrit ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ุนู„ู‰ 45% ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€
362
00:29:04,330 --> 00:29:07,470
hematocrit normal ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ patient hematocrit
363
00:29:07,470 --> 00:29:11,870
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ 45 ููƒุฃู†ูŠ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ู…ุนุงูŠุง
364
00:29:11,870 --> 00:29:17,090
ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุธู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญุณุจุชู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุชู‰ ู‡ุชูุฑู‚
365
00:29:17,090 --> 00:29:23,370
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ hematocrit ู‚ู„ูŠู„ for example if a patient
366
00:29:23,370 --> 00:29:28,300
presenting with a reticulocyte count 10% with a
367
00:29:28,300 --> 00:29:33,420
hematocrit 22% the corrected reticulocyte would be
368
00:29:33,420 --> 00:29:37,100
corrected reticulocyte count ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ 10% ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
369
00:29:37,100 --> 00:29:41,740
patient hematocrit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 22 ุนู„ู‰ 45 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
370
00:29:41,740 --> 00:29:45,360
normal hematocrit ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ 4.9 ู…ู† 10% ูŠุนู†ูŠ
371
00:29:45,360 --> 00:29:49,680
ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุนู†ุฏู‡ 10% ุฃู†ุง
372
00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:55,180
ุญุณุจุชู‡ุง ุตุญ 4.9 ู…ู† 10% ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู†ุฏู‡
373
00:29:55,180 --> 00:29:59,080
ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุง ุชุด ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ reticulocyte ุนู†ุฏูƒ
374
00:29:59,080 --> 00:30:06,500
ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฃุชูŠ
375
00:30:06,500 --> 00:30:10,620
ู„ุดูŠุก ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ reticulocyte production index
376
00:30:10,620 --> 00:30:16,620
ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู†ูŠุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ู…ู†
377
00:30:16,620 --> 00:30:20,840
ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
378
00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:24,610
peripheral blood ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ bone marrow
379
00:30:24,610 --> 00:30:30,850
ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุชุญุช stress ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
380
00:30:30,850 --> 00:30:34,270
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููŠู‡ ู†ุฒูŠู ููŠู‡ ุชูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุณุจุจ ูุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€
381
00:30:34,270 --> 00:30:38,530
bone marrow ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจู†ุดุงุท ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
382
00:30:38,530 --> 00:30:43,350
ูŠุทู„ุน reticulocyte immature ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
383
00:30:43,350 --> 00:30:47,270
reticulocyte
431
00:33:36,350 --> 00:33:40,450
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏูุบุฑูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ blood prior to maturation
432
00:33:40,450 --> 00:33:43,790
in the bone marrow this is detected by nucleated
433
00:33:43,790 --> 00:33:47,490
RBCs ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ nucleated RBCs ุฒูŠ
434
00:33:47,490 --> 00:33:50,830
polychromatic macrocyte shift cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
435
00:33:50,830 --> 00:33:54,550
reticulocyte polychromatic nucleated RBCs
436
00:33:54,550 --> 00:33:56,990
ูˆู€ reticulocyte ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ููŠ
437
00:33:56,990 --> 00:34:00,590
ุงู„ู€ circulation to correct for the increased time
438
00:34:00,590 --> 00:34:04,260
spent in maturation in the peripheral blood ูŠุนู†ูŠ
439
00:34:04,260 --> 00:34:08,320
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนุฏู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนู…ู„ correction ู„ู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
440
00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:10,860
ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ุงู„ู€
441
00:34:10,860 --> 00:34:13,780
reticulocyte production index is calculated ุจุญุณุจ
442
00:34:13,780 --> 00:34:17,480
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง reticulocyte production index ูƒูŠู
443
00:34:17,480 --> 00:34:21,380
ุจุญุณุจู‡ุŸ ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€ corrected reticulocyte count ุนู„ู‰
444
00:34:21,380 --> 00:34:24,720
ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ RBC ุงู„ู€
445
00:34:24,720 --> 00:34:29,140
reticulocyte ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
446
00:34:29,140 --> 00:34:35,690
ู…ุง ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ mature RBCs ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน
447
00:34:35,690 --> 00:34:38,910
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood
448
00:34:38,910 --> 00:34:42,510
ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ hematocrit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ hematocrit
449
00:34:42,510 --> 00:34:47,890
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ 45 ู‡ุชู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† 35
450
00:34:47,890 --> 00:34:54,390
ู‡ุชู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู… ูˆู†ุต ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† 25 ู‡ุชู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† 15
451
00:34:54,390 --> 00:34:59,570
ู‡ุชู‚ุนุฏ ุชู„ุช ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€
452
00:34:59,570 --> 00:35:02,310
reticulocyte production index ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ู€
453
00:35:02,310 --> 00:35:06,190
hematocrit ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ hematocrit 25 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุณู…
454
00:35:06,190 --> 00:35:09,570
ุงู„ู€ corrected reticulocyte count ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…
455
00:35:09,570 --> 00:35:14,370
ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง 25 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ 2 ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† 35 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุณู…
456
00:35:14,370 --> 00:35:18,950
ุงู„ู€ corrected count ุนู„ู‰ 1.5 and so on ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
457
00:35:18,950 --> 00:35:24,250
ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ a patient with reticulocyte count ู‡ุฐู‡
458
00:35:24,250 --> 00:35:27,330
ู…ุซุงู„ุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€
459
00:35:27,330 --> 00:35:32,090
reticulocyte count 12% ูˆุงู„ู€ hematocrit 25% ู‚ุฏุงุด
460
00:35:32,090 --> 00:35:35,730
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte production index ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
461
00:35:35,730 --> 00:35:45,130
production index ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† 7% ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ 25% ุนู„ู‰ 45%
462
00:35:45,130 --> 00:35:48,690
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ corrected count ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
463
00:35:48,690 --> 00:35:52,230
count ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ 12% ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ ยซcorrected
464
00:35:52,230 --> 00:35:56,050
countยป ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ยซcorrected countยป ุจู†ุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ 2
465
00:35:56,050 --> 00:36:05,810
ูู‡ูŠูƒ 3.3% ุงู„ู€ ยซreticulocyte production indexยป ู‡ูŠูƒ
466
00:36:05,810 --> 00:36:09,050
ยซreticulocyte production indexยป ุฃูˆ ยซreticulocyte
467
00:36:09,050 --> 00:36:12,910
countยป ยซreticulocyte countยป ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ยซnewbornยป ู…ู†
468
00:36:12,910 --> 00:36:18,670
2.5 ุฅู„ู‰ 6 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ยซadultยป ู…ู† ู†ุตู ุฅู„ู‰ 1.5 ุฃูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ 2 ุงู„ู€
469
00:36:18,670 --> 00:36:24,010
Absolute reticulocyte count 25 ุฅู„ู‰ 75 ููŠ 10 ุฃูˆ 9
470
00:36:24,010 --> 00:36:28,730
per liter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 250 ุฅู„ู‰ 750 ุฃู„ู ุจุงู„ู€ Microliter
471
00:36:28,730 --> 00:36:31,910
ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte production index ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† 3
472
00:36:31,910 --> 00:36:35,770
ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุงุณุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุดุบุงู„
473
00:36:35,770 --> 00:36:41,990
ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุทูŠุจุŒ
474
00:36:41,990 --> 00:36:45,860
ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ when
475
00:36:45,860 --> 00:36:49,280
using EDTA as anticoagulant the blood may be
476
00:36:49,280 --> 00:36:52,880
stored for 24 hours ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชูŠ EDTA
477
00:36:52,880 --> 00:36:59,100
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุฒู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู… 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒูŠ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
478
00:36:59,100 --> 00:37:04,900
ูŠููุถู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 8 ุณุงุนุงุช maximum ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ
479
00:37:04,900 --> 00:37:08,000
ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠ ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠู†ุฒู„
480
00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:11,960
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ mature ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุชุญูˆู„
481
00:37:11,960 --> 00:37:16,120
ู„ู€ mature RBCs ุตุญุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ tube ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฉ
482
00:37:16,120 --> 00:37:20,440
ูุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Mature RBCs The presence
483
00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:24,060
of high blood glucose ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
484
00:37:24,060 --> 00:37:28,800
ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑูŠู† ูƒู€ Anticoagulant ููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงุบุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
485
00:37:28,800 --> 00:37:32,120
ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ Staining ู„ู„ู€ reticulocyte ู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ
486
00:37:32,120 --> 00:37:33,840
reticulocyte ุจู„ูˆู† ูุงุชุญ
487
00:37:37,010 --> 00:37:40,250
ุทูŠุจ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ููŠ ุตุจุบุงุช ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
488
00:37:40,250 --> 00:37:43,150
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ New Methylene Blue ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู†
489
00:37:43,150 --> 00:37:46,330
ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Brilliant Cresyl Blue ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู‡ุง
490
00:37:46,330 --> 00:37:50,650
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠ inconsistency ููŠ ุงู„ู€ staining ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ
491
00:37:50,650 --> 00:37:54,410
ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ Pure Azure ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณ
492
00:37:54,410 --> 00:37:59,690
ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ New Methylene Blue ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
493
00:37:59,690 --> 00:38:04,030
ู…ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุด ูƒุงููŠ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
494
00:38:04,030 --> 00:38:07,130
ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุงู†ุตุจุบุช ูู„ุงุฒู…
495
00:38:07,130 --> 00:38:11,070
ุฃุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุงููŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชู†ุตุจุบ ู…ุด ุฃู‚ู„
496
00:38:11,070 --> 00:38:14,370
ู…ู† 10 ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุชุฑูƒู‡ุง ุชู„ุช ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
497
00:38:14,370 --> 00:38:19,890
ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€ RNA ุฃุฎุฐ ุตุจุบุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุธู‡ุฑุช ุจุดูƒู„
498
00:38:19,890 --> 00:38:25,710
ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠูู†ุตุญ ุจุฃู†ูƒ
499
00:38:25,710 --> 00:38:29,290
ุชุนู…ู„ counter stain ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู€ reticulocyte ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
500
00:38:29,290 --> 00:38:33,700
counter stain ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตุจุบูŠ ุตุจุบุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€
501
00:38:33,700 --> 00:38:36,820
reticulocyte ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู…
502
00:38:36,820 --> 00:38:43,380
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู†ุตุจุบ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ูุฑุฏ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุญุจ
503
00:38:43,380 --> 00:38:46,320
ุชุตุจุบู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ hematologist ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
504
00:38:46,320 --> 00:38:50,560
ุชุญูุธ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
505
00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:54,600
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ New Methylene Blue ุฏุบุฑูŠ ุจูŠูุชุญ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠูู†ุตุญ
506
00:38:54,600 --> 00:38:58,000
ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุตุจุบูŠู‡ุง ุจุตุจุบุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุตุจุบู‡ุง ุจุตุจุบุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ
507
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:01,180
ูู„ุฃู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฌู‡ุฒูˆุง ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
508
00:39:01,180 --> 00:39:06,420
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจู†ูุชุฑุถูˆุง ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Blood Smear ูˆ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ
509
00:39:06,420 --> 00:39:10,940
ููŠู‡ุง ุตุจุงุบุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Fixation ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
510
00:39:10,940 --> 00:39:13,680
Staining ุจุงู„ุฌู…ุฒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู€ Right Stain ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู€ Counter
511
00:39:13,680 --> 00:39:17,540
Stain ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุจุบุฉ ููˆู‚ ุตุจุบุฉ ู…ูุทู„ู‚ู‹ุง ู„ุง ูŠูู†ุตุญ ููŠู‡ุง
512
00:39:17,540 --> 00:39:21,340
ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ precipitation ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ
513
00:39:21,340 --> 00:39:25,610
ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Counter Stain ูˆ ุงู„ู€ precipitate ุฏูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุธู‡ุฑ
514
00:39:25,610 --> 00:39:29,050
ูƒุฅู†ู‡ุง reticulocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุฎุจุทู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
515
00:39:29,050 --> 00:39:32,650
reticulocyte ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุท equal
516
00:39:32,650 --> 00:39:38,010
volume ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ blood ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
517
00:39:38,010 --> 00:39:42,710
ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ุฃ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
518
00:39:42,710 --> 00:39:48,010
ุงู„ู€ blood ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠูุถู„ ุฅู†ูŠ ุฃุฒูˆุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
519
00:39:48,010 --> 00:39:51,970
blood ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€
520
00:39:51,970 --> 00:39:56,710
Hemoglobin ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจู†ู‚ู„ู„ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู†
521
00:39:56,710 --> 00:40:00,270
ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู€ Normal ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
522
00:40:00,270 --> 00:40:04,190
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ู…ุน ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Blood ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€
523
00:40:04,190 --> 00:40:07,590
Hemoglobin ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุจู†ุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin
524
00:40:07,590 --> 00:40:11,550
ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุจูŠู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
525
00:40:11,550 --> 00:40:16,850
RBCs ูˆ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ูˆ ุชู†ุตุจุบ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฃูŠ ุทูŠุจุŒ ููŠ
526
00:40:16,850 --> 00:40:21,610
ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ mixing ู„ู„ุตุจุบุฉ ู…ุน
527
00:40:21,610 --> 00:40:24,210
ุงู„ู€ blood ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ู… incubation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ water bath
528
00:40:24,210 --> 00:40:28,630
ูุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ incubation ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุนุถ
529
00:40:28,630 --> 00:40:32,430
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุชุฑุณุจ ูˆุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุตู„ ุญุณุจ ูƒุซุงูุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
530
00:40:32,430 --> 00:40:35,450
reticulocyte ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุซุงูุชู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูู‡ุชุทู„ุน
531
00:40:35,450 --> 00:40:42,550
ู„ููˆู‚ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ maturity ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ
532
00:40:42,550 --> 00:40:46,390
ุฌุฏุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€ drop ุนุดุงู† ุฃูุฑุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ good
533
00:40:46,390 --> 00:40:52,370
mixing ูˆุฅู„ุง ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู†
534
00:40:52,370 --> 00:40:54,910
ุขุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุฃูˆ ุขุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
535
00:40:54,910 --> 00:40:57,730
ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง reticulocyte ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ count ุฎุทุฃ
536
00:40:57,730 --> 00:41:00,230
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ mixing
537
00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:07,320
ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุณุจู‚ุช ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆุงุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูƒูˆูŠุณ
538
00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:12,080
ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุนุฏูŠุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† field ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูุฑู‚
539
00:41:12,080 --> 00:41:16,680
ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ 500 erythrocyte ุจุณ ู†ุตู reticulocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ
540
00:41:16,680 --> 00:41:20,040
ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† point one percent ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
541
00:41:20,040 --> 00:41:25,420
ุงุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุณุจู‚ุช ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ููŠ automated
542
00:41:25,420 --> 00:41:29,260
procedure ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุบู†ูŠู†ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€
543
00:41:29,260 --> 00:41:32,920
manual ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ flow cytometry ุจู†ุตุจุบูˆู‡ุง ุจู€
544
00:41:32,920 --> 00:41:36,940
fluorescent dye ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
545
00:41:36,940 --> 00:41:40,880
ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ manual ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูŠุง
546
00:41:40,880 --> 00:41:45,120
ุจู†ุงุช reticulocyte ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
547
00:41:45,120 --> 00:41:49,040
ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุชู„ุฎุจุทู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Howell Jolly body ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Heinz
548
00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:51,420
body ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ inclusion bodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
549
00:41:51,420 --> 00:41:55,440
ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุง
550
00:41:55,440 --> 00:42:00,680
ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุฎุจุทู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
551
00:42:00,680 --> 00:42:05,500
reticulocyte ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ Howell Jolly body ุงู„ู€ Howell
552
00:42:05,500 --> 00:42:09,000
Jolly body ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจุงู„ู€ Wright stain ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte
553
00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:11,360
ู…ุง ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุจุงู„ู€ Wright stain ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ู€ Wright stain
554
00:42:11,360 --> 00:42:15,100
ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ูˆุดูุช ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Howell Jolly body
555
00:42:15,100 --> 00:42:19,400
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ู…ุง ุจุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Heinz Body ูˆ ุงู„ู€
556
00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:21,380
Pappenheimer ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู† ุจู†ุตุจุบู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู€
557
00:42:21,380 --> 00:42:25,200
Supravital Stain ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ู†ูุฑู‚ู‡ู… ุนู† ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ู…ุŸ
558
00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:29,440
ุงู„ู€ Heinz Body ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชู„ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
559
00:42:29,440 --> 00:42:33,400
ุฃูˆ ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†ูุตู„ุฉ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Cell
560
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:36,380
Membrane ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ
561
00:42:36,380 --> 00:42:39,780
ุซู†ุชูŠู† ู„ุงุตู‚ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Cell Membrane ูˆูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุดูˆูŠ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
562
00:42:39,780 --> 00:42:43,520
Pappenheimer ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ุดุจูƒุฉ ููŠ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€
563
00:42:43,520 --> 00:42:46,320
Pappenheimer Bodies Pappenheimer Bodies ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
564
00:42:46,320 --> 00:42:51,170
ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุญุชูˆุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Iron ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
565
00:42:51,170 --> 00:42:55,230
ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชู„ุฎุจุทุช ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุตุจุบ ุจุตุจุบุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
566
00:42:55,230 --> 00:42:58,350
ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชูุฑู‚ ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู†
567
00:42:58,350 --> 00:43:01,130
ุงู„ู€ Pappenheimer bodies ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
568
00:43:01,130 --> 00:43:06,890
ุงู„ู€ Prussian blue stain ููŠ Hemoglobin H bodies ุทุจุนู‹ุง
569
00:43:06,890 --> 00:43:11,170
ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ูƒู€ greenish blue inclusion ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
570
00:43:13,850 --> 00:43:17,050
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ Reticulocyte Count
571
00:43:17,050 --> 00:43:18,230
ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฃู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ