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AISC Team D2 6

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Pneumoconiosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: The outcome for the simple form is usually good. It rarely causes disability or death. The complicated form may cause shortness of breath that gets progressively worse.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Psittacosis? ### Response: Blood-tinged sputum Dry cough Fatigue Fever and chills Headache Joint aches Muscle aches Shortness of breath

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Psittacosis? ### Response: Psittacosis is a rare disease: 100 - 200 cases are reported each year in the United States. Bird owners, pet shop employees, persons who work in poultry processing plants, and veterinarians are at increased risk for this infection. Typical birds involved are parrots, parakeets, and budgerigars, although other birds have also caused the disease.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Psittacosis patient information? ### Response: Antibiotics are needed to treat this infection. If you develop symptoms of psittacosis, call your health care provider.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Psittacosis patient information (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Full recovery is expected.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule? ### Response: There are usually no symptoms.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Solitary Pulmonary Nodule? ### Response: More than half of all solitary pulmonary are noncancerous (benign). Benign nodules have many causes, including old scars and infections. Infectious granulomas are the cause of most benign lesions. You have a greater risk for developing a solitary pulmonary nodule if you have: Tuberculosis or been exposed to TB Infectious lung diseases caused by fungus, such as: Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis Aspergillosis However, the above conditions makes it more likely that the solitary pulmonary nodule is noncancerous. Young age, history of not smoking, calcium in the lesion, and small lesion size are factors associated with a noncancerous diagnosis. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancerous (malignant) pulmonary nodules.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Pulmonary nodule ? ### Response: A solitary pulmonary nodule is usually found by your health care professional when a chest x-ray is performed for some other reason.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Pulmonary nodule (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: The outlook is generally good if the nodule is benign. If the nodule does not grow larger over a 2-year period, under most circumstances nothing more need be done. On occasion, the appearance of the nodule on CT scan may warrant continued follow-up.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Sarcoidosis ? ### Response: There may be no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they can involve almost any body part or organ system in your body. Almost all patients have lung or chest symptoms: Chest pain (most often behind your breast bone) Dry cough Shortness of breath Symptoms of general discomfort or uneasiness often occur: Fatigue (one of the most common symptoms in children) Fever Joint achiness or pain (arthralgia) Overall feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of well-being Weight loss (one of the most common symptoms in children) Skin symptoms: Hair loss Raised, red, firm skin sores (erythema nodosum), almost always on the front part of the lower legs Rash Scars that become raised or inflamed Nervous system symptoms may include: Headache Seizures Weakness on one side of the face Eye symptoms include: Burning Discharge from the eye Dry eyes Itching Pain Vision loss Other symptoms of this disease: Dry mouth Fainting spells if the heart is involved Nosebleed Swelling in the upper part of the abdomen

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the causes of Sarcoidosis ? ### Response: The cause of the disease is unknown. In sarcoidosis, tiny clumps of abnormal tissue (granulomas) form in certain organs of the body. Granulomas are clusters of immune cells. The disease can affect almost any organ of the body, but it most commonly affects the lungs. Possible causes of sarcoidosis include: Extreme immune response to infection High sensitivity to environmental factors Genetic factors

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Sarcoidosis ? ### Response: The condition is more common in African Americans than Caucasians, especially in Caucasians of Scandinavian heritage. Females are usually affected more often than males. The disease typically begins between ages 20 and 40. Sarcoidosis is very rare in young children. A person with a close blood relative who has sarcoidosis is nearly five times as likely to develop the condition.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Sarcoidosis ? ### Response: Call your health care provider if you have: Difficulty breathing Palpitations Vision changes Other symptoms of this disorder

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Sarcoidosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Many people with sarcoidosis are not seriously ill, and the disease may get better without treatment. About 30 - 50% of cases get better without treatment in 3 years. About 20% of people whose lungs are involved will develop lung damage. The overall death rate from sarcoidosis is less than 5%. Causes of death include: Bleeding from the lung tissue Heart damage, leading to heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms Lung scarring (pulmonary fibrosis)

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When the diagnosis can be made without performing a tissue biopsy? ### Response: in some clinical scenarios, the presentation is so specific that the diagnosis can be made without a confirmatory tissue biopsy . Lupus pernio Lofgren syndrome Heerfordt syndrome Bilateral hilar adenopathy on CXR without symptoms Positive panda and/or lambda sign on gallium scan

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: How is the Thoracentesis done? ### Response: A small area of skin on your back is cleaned. Numbing medicine (local anesthetic) is injected in this area. A needle is placed through the skin and muscles of the chest wall into the space around the lungs, called the pleural space. Fluid is collected and may be sent to a laboratory for testing (pleural fluid analysis). You will sit on a bed or on the edge of a chair or bed. Your head and arms will rest on a table. The skin around the procedure site is cleaned and the area is draped. A local numbing medicine (anesthetic) is injected into the skin. The thoracentesis needle is inserted above the rib into the pleural space. You will feel a stinging sensation when the local anesthetic is injected. You may feel pain or pressure when the needle is inserted into the pleural space. Tell your health care provider if you feel shortness of breath or chest pain.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who needs Thoracentesis? ### Response: Normally, very little fluid is in the pleural space. A buildup of too much fluid between the layers of the pleura is called a pleural effusion. The test is performed to determine the cause of the extra fluid, or to relieve symptoms from the fluid buildup. The test may be also performed for the following conditions: Asbestos-related pleural effusion. Collagen vascular disease. Drug reactions. Hemothorax. Pancreatitis. Pneumonia. Pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Thyroid disease.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Where to find centers that perform Thoracentesis? ### Response: Directions to Hospitals Performing Thoracentesis

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Thoracentesis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Normal Results Normally the pleural cavity contains only a very small amount of fluid. What Abnormal Results Mean Testing the fluid will help your health care provider determine the cause of pleural effusion. Possible causes include: Cancer Cirrhosis Heart failure Infection Inflammation Malnutrition Kidney disease If your health care provider suspects that you have an infection, a culture of the fluid may be done to test for bacteria.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Upper respiratory tract infection? ### Response: Itchy, watery eyes Nasal discharge Nasal congestion Sneezing Sore throat Cough Headache Fever Malaise Fatigue, weakness Muscle pain

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Upper respiratory tract infection? ### Response: You can catch a cold if: A person with a cold sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you. You touch your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something contaminated by the virus, such as a toy or doorknob. People are most contagious for the first 2 to 3 days of a cold. A cold is usually not contagious after the first week.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Upper respiratory tract infection ? ### Response: Any one can have common cold but children, older population, people with decreased immunity are affected more commonly.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Upper respiratory tract infection ? ### Response: If you have the above symptoms contact a doctor.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Upper respiratory tract infection (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: An upper respiratory tract infection usually gets better after a few days, and it normally has a good prognosis.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Viral pneumonia? ### Response: Symptoms of viral pneumonia often begin slowly and may not be severe at first. The most common symptoms of pneumonia are: Cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up mucus, or even bloody mucus) Fever, which may be mild or high Shaking chills Shortness of breath (may only occur when you climb stairs) Other symptoms include: Confusion, especially in older people Excessive sweating and clammy skin Headache Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough Fatigue

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Viral pneumonia? ### Response: Viral pneumonia is more likely to occur in young children and older adults, because their bodies have a harder time fighting off the virus. Viral pneumonia is most often caused by one of several viruses: Adenovirus Influenza Parainfluenza Respiratory syncytial virus People who are at risk for more serious viral pneumonia often have a weakened immune system, including: Adult HIV / AIDS patients Babies who are born too early Children with heart and lung problems People receiving chemotherapy for cancer, or other medications that weaken the immune system. Organ transplant recipients

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Viral pneumonia (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Most cases of viral pneumonia are mild and get better without treatment within 1 - 3 weeks, but some cases are more serious and require hospitalization.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Viral pneumonia ? ### Response: Call your health care provider if symptoms of viral pneumonia develop.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Acute low back pain? ### Response: You may feel a variety of symptoms if you've hurt your back. You may have a tingling or burning sensation, a dull achy feeling, or sharp pain. Depending on the cause, you also may have weakness in your legs or feet. Low back pain can vary widely. The pain may be mild, or it can be so severe that you are unable to move. Depending on the cause of your back pain, you may also have pain in your leg, hip, or bottom of your foot.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Acute low back pain? ### Response: If you are like most people, you will have at least one backache in your life. While such pain or discomfort can happen anywhere in your back, the most common area affected is your low back. This is because the low back supports most of your body's weight. Low back pain is the number two reason that Americans see their doctor-- second only to colds and flus. Many back-related injuries happen at work. But you can change that. There are many things you can do to lower your chances of getting back pain. You'll usually first feel back pain just after you lift a heavy object, move suddenly, sit in one position for a long time, or have an injury or accident. But before that injury or accident, the structures in your back were losing strength or changing. Acute low back pain is most often caused by a sudden injury to the muscles, ligaments, bones, and nerves in the spine. The source of the pain may be: Compression fractures to the spine from osteoporosis Muscle spasm (very tense muscles that remain contracted) Ruptured or herniated disk Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) Spine curvatures (like scoliosis or kyphosis), which may be inherited and seen in children or teens Strain or tears to the muscles or ligaments supporting the back Back pain may also be due to: An abnormal aortic aneurysm that is leaking Arthritis conditions, such as osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis Cancer that involves the spine Fibromyalgia Infection of the spine (osteomyelitis, diskitis, abscess) Kidney infection or kidney stones Problems related to pregnancy Medical conditions that affect the female reproductive organs, including endometriosis, ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, or uterine fibroids

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Acute low back pain ? ### Response: You are at particular risk for low back pain if you: Are over age 30 Are pregnant Feel stressed or depressed Have arthritis or osteoporosis Smoke Do not exercise Are overweight Have a job that requires heavy lifting, a lot of bending and twisting, or whole body vibration (such as truck driving or using a sandblaster)

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Acute low back pain ? ### Response: Call your doctor right away if you have: Back pain after a severe blow or fall Burning with urination or blood in your urine History of cancer Loss of control over urine or stool (incontinence) Pain traveling down your legs below the knee Pain that is worse when you lie down or that wakes you up at night Redness or swelling on the back or spine Severe pain that does not allow you to get comfortable Unexplained fever with back pain Weakness or numbness in your buttocks, thigh, leg, or pelvis Also call if: You have been losing weight unintentionally You use steroids or intravenous drugs. You have had back pain before, but this episode is different and feels worse. This episode of back pain has lasted longer than 4 weeks.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Acute low back pain (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Many people will feel better within 1 week after the start of back pain. After another 4-6 weeks, the back pain will likely be completely gone.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Arthralgia? ### Response: Joint pain can be caused by many types of injuries or conditions. No matter what causes it, joint pain can be very bothersome. Some things that can cause joint pain are: A utoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus Bursitis Chondromalacia patellae Gout (especially found in the big toe) Infections caused by a virus, including Epstein-Barr viral syndrome Hepatitis Influenza (flu) Lyme disease Measles (rubeola) Mumps Parvovirus Rheumatic fever Rubella (German measles) Varicella (chickenpox) Injury, such as a fracture Osteoarthritis Osteomyelitis (bone infection) Septic arthritis (joint infection) Tendinitis Unusual exertion or overuse, including strains or sprain.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Arthralgia ? ### Response: Contact your health care provider if: You have fever that is not associated with flu symptoms. You have lost 10 pounds or more without trying (unintended weight loss). Your joint pain lasts for more than 3 days. You have severe, unexplained joint pain, particularly if you have other unexplained symptoms.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Chronic low back pain? ### Response: You may feel a variety of symptoms if you have hurt your back, including: Tingling or burning sensation Dull aching Sharp pain Weakness in your legs or feet Low back pain can vary widely. The pain may be mild, or it can be so severe that you are unable to move. Depending on the cause of your back pain, you may also have pain in your leg, hip, or bottom of your foot. See: Sciatica

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Chronic low back pain? ### Response: One single event may not cause your pain. You may have been doing many things improperly-- such as standing or lifting-- for a long time. Then suddenly, one simple movement (such as reaching for something or bending from your waist) leads to the feeling of pain. The specific part of your back that is responsible for your pain is sometimes difficult to identify. There are several possible causes of low back pain: Certain medical conditions such as fibromyalgia Herniated disc (part of a spinal disc pushes onto nearby nerves) Strain or tears to the muscles or ligaments supporting the back Degenerative disc disease Pelvic injury or fracture Piriformis syndrome (a pain disorder involving a narrow muscle in the buttocks) Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) Small fractures to the spine from osteoporosis Spine curvatures (such as scoliosis or kyphosis), which may be inherited and seen in children and teens

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Chronic low back pain ? ### Response: You are at particular risk for low back pain if you: Are over age 30 Are pregnant Feel stressed or depressed Have arthritis or osteoporosis Smoke Do not exercise Are overweight Have a job that requires heavy lifting, a lot of bending and twisting, or whole body vibration (such as truck driving or using a sandblaster)

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Chronic low back pain ? ### Response: Call your health care provider if you have persistent, severe back pain, especially if you have also have numbness, loss of movement, weakness, or bowel or bladder changes.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Chronic low back pain (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Most back problems will get better on their own. The key is to know when you need to seek medical help and when self-care measures will allow you to get better.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Dupuytren's contracture? ### Response: Difficulty extending the fingers -- the fourth and fifth fingers curl up and are unable to be easily straightened Painless nodule in the palm, developing into a cord-like band Thickening of the lines in the palms of the hands

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Dupuytren's contracture? ### Response: The cause is unknown, but minor injury and your genes may make you more likely to develop this condition. One or both hands may be affected. The ring finger is affected most often, followed by the little, middle, and index fingers. A small, painless nodule develops in the connective tissue on the palm side of the hand and eventually develops into a cord-like band. In severe cases, it's difficult or even impossible to extend the fingers.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Dupuytren%27s contracture ? ### Response: The condition becomes more common after the age of 40. Men are affected more often than women. Risk factors are alcoholism, epilepsy, pulmonary tuberculosis, diabetes, and liver disease.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Dupuytren%27s contracture ? ### Response: Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Dupuytren%27s contracture (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: The disorder progresses at an unpredictable rate. Surgical treatment can usually restore normal movement to the fingers. The disease can recur following surgery in some cases.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Eosinophilic fasciitis? ### Response: Bone pain or tenderness Carpal tunnel syndrome Numbness or tingling in one or both hands Pain in one or both hands Weakness in one or both hands Muscle weakness Tenderness and swelling of the arms and legs (occasionally including joints) Thickened skin with puckered appearance

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Eosinophilic fasciitis? ### Response: The cause of eosinophilic fasciitis is unknown. Fewer than 300 cases have been reported in the past 35 years. People with this condition have a buildup of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the affected fascia and muscles. Eosinophils are related to allergic reactions, but their exact function is unknown.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Eosinophilic fasciitis ? ### Response: The syndrome affects people of any age, but is more common in people ages 30 to 60.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Eosinophilic fasciitis ? ### Response: Call your health care provider for an appointment if you have symptoms of this disorder.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Eosinophilic fasciitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: In most cases, the condition goes away within 3 to 5 years. However, symptoms may return (recur) or persist. The outlook is much worse if blood diseases occur.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Kyphosis? ### Response: Patients with kyphosis may experience the following symptoms. With the disease progresses, patients may show symptoms of cardiac and pulmonary problems. Appearance of hunchback Fatigue Back pain Tenderness and stiffness in the back Shortness of breath Chest pain

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Kyphosis ? ### Response: Osteoporosis Disk degeneration such as arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome Muscular dystrophy Neurofibromatosis Paget's disease Polio Spina tuberculosis Spina tumors Spina bifida Scoliosis Trauma Poor posture of teen-agers

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Kyphosis ? ### Response: Go to hospital to reveal the underlying causes of your kyphosis.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Kyphosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Prognosis of kyphosis depends on: Underlying causes: Prognosis of patients with kyphosis caused by tumors is poor than other causes. Whether the patient is accompanied with complications such as decreased lung function, disabling back pain, neurological symptoms iand round back deformity.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome? ### Response: The first symptom is often limping, which is usually painless. Sometimes there may be mild pain that comes and goes. Other symptoms may include: Hip stiffness that restricts movement in the hip Knee pain Limited range of motion Persistent thigh or groin pain Shortening of the leg, or legs of unequal length Wasting of muscles in the upper thigh

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome? ### Response: There are many theories about the cause of this disease, but little is actually known. Without enough blood to the area, the bone dies. The ball of the hip will collapse and become flat. Usually only one hip is affected, although it can occur on both sides. The blood supply returns over several months, bringing in new bone cells. The new cells gradually replace the dead bone over 2 - 3 years.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Legg-Calv%C3%A9-Perthes syndrome ? ### Response: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease usually occurs in boys 4 - 10 years old.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Legg-Calv%C3%A9-Perthes syndrome ? ### Response: Call for an appointment with your health care provider if a child develops any symptoms of this disorder.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Legg-Calv%C3%A9-Perthes syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: The outlook depends on the child's age and the severity of the disease. In general, the younger the child is when the disease starts, the better the outcome. Children younger than 6 years old who receive treatment are more likely to end up with a normal hip joint. Children older than age 6 are more likely to end up with a deformed hip joint, despite treatment, and may later develop arthritis.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the Symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease? ### Response: Symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: General feeling of being unwell: This malaise may be accompanied by increased fatigue and a mild fever. Cold and numb fingers or toes (Raynaud's phenomenon): In response to cold or stress, your fingers or toes might turn white and then purplish blue. After warming, the fingers or toes turn red. Swollen fingers or hands: Some people experience swelling to the point where the fingers resemble sausages. Muscle and joint pain: Joints may become deformed, similar to what occurs with rheumatoid arthritis. Rash: Red or reddish brown patches may appear over the knuckles.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What Causes mixed connective tissue disease? ### Response: The precise cause of mixed connective tissue disease is not known. Mixed connective tissue disease is an autoimmune disorder. In autoimmune disorders, your immune system (responsible for fighting off disease) mistakenly attacks healthy cells. In connective tissue diseases, your immune system attacks the fibers that provide the framework and support for your body. Researchers are working to identify proteins produced by the immune system that might cause mixed connective tissue disease. Some people with MCTD have a family history of the condition. But the role of genetics in causing the disease remains unclear.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Mixed connective tissue disease ? ### Response: Mixed connective tissue disease can occur in people of any age. However, it appears to be most common in women under the age of 30.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Mixed connective tissue disease ? ### Response: See your doctor if you have signs and symptoms that interfere with your daily routine — particularly if you've already been diagnosed with lupus or another connective tissue disease.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Where to find Medical Care for mixed connective tissue disease? ### Response: Medical care for mixed connective tissue disease can be found here.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Mixed connective tissue disease (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: In MCTD, prognosis depends on the type of organ involvement. The worst prognosis and high mortality rate are associated with the presence of pulmonary involvement.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Osteoarthritis? ### Response: Symptoms of osteoarthritis vary from person to person. For most patients, it develops slowly and worsens over time. Usual signs and symptoms include: Joint pain, gets worse during or after movement. Pain increases during humid or moist weather. Joint tenderness Joint stiffness: It may be noticeable when you wake up in the morning or after a period of inactivity. Limited movement: You may not be able to move your joint through its full range of motion. Grating of the joint with motion Bone spurs Diseases which can have similar symptoms are Rheumatoid arthritis Gout Joint tuberculosis

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Osteoarthritis ? ### Response: Aging Obesity Trauma or surgery of joint Diabetes Other types of arthritis, such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis Congenital abnormalities

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Osteoarthritis ? ### Response: Call your doctor if you have symptoms of osteoarthritis.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Osteoarthritis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Prognosis of osteoarthritis is good, although the disease may limit your movements.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Psoriatic arthritis? ### Response: Arthritis may be mild and involve only a few joints, particularly those at the end of the fingers or toes. In some people, the disease may be severe and affect many joints, including the spine and sacroiliac joints. People who also have arthritis usually have the skin and nail changes. Often, the skin gets worse at the same time as arthritis. Signs and symptoms come and go, depending on the degree of tissue inflammation. When the disease is active, the following symptoms appear. Joint pain Joint swelling Morning stiffness in the joints Decreased range of motion Red scaly skin patches Deformed nails Sausage shaped fingers Pain at the sites of ligament insertion (eg, heel pain) Fatigue When heart is affected, patient may show signs of chest pain, shortness of breath or edema of feet.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Psoriatic arthritis? ### Response: Psoriasis is a common, chronic skin condition that causes red patches on the body. About 1 in 20 people with psoriasis will develop arthritis with the skin condition. In most cases, psoriasis comes before the arthritis. The cause of psoriatic arthritis is not known, but genes, body defence mechanisms and environmental factors may play a role.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Psoriatic arthritis ? ### Response: In general, people who have psoriasis have a higher rate of arthritis than the general population.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Psoriatic arthritis ? ### Response: Call your doctor if your symptoms of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis progress. Diseases that can present with similar symptoms are Rheumatoid arthritis Reactive arthritis Gout Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease Pseudogout

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Psoriatic arthritis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Prognosis of psoriatic varies from person to person. The disease may get less aggressive over time in some patients. In other group, patients may lose their abilities to do daily tasks. Prognosis depends on: Severity of joint destruction Involvement of skin and nails Comorbid conditions

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Raynaud's disease? ### Response: Raynaud's disease usually affect the fingers and toes, beginning in one finger or toe and moving on to other fingers or toes. The attacks can last from less than a minute to several hours. Usual signs and symptoms are: Turn pale or white and then blue Feel numb, cold, or painful Turn red, throb, tingle, burn, or feel numb as blood flow returns to the affected areas Skin ulcers Diseases that have similar symptoms are Raynaud phenomenon (Secondary Raynaud)

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Raynaud%27s disease ? ### Response: The underlying cause of Raynaud's disease is not clear. Clinical studies demonstrate the following factors may be associated with the onset of this disease. Cold temperatures Stress Family history of Raynaud's disease Female gender Age between 15~30

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Raynaud%27s disease ? ### Response: Call your health care provider if symptoms of Raynaud's disease develop.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Raynaud%27s disease (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Generally, prognosis of Raynaud's disease is good. The most important thing is to avoid triggers.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Retroperitoneal fibrosis? ### Response: Early symptoms: Dull pain in the abdomen that increases with time Pain and change of color in the legs (due to decreased blood flow) Swelling of one leg Later symptoms: Decreased urine output No urine output (anuria) Nausea, vomiting, changes in thinking caused by kidney failure and build-up of toxic chemicals in the blood Severe abdominal pain with hemorrhaging (due to death of intestinal tissue)

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Retroperitoneal fibrosis? ### Response: Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disorder that occurs when extra fibrous tissue forms in the area behind the stomach and intestines. The excess tissue forms a mass (or masses) that can block the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. Doctors don't know why these masses form. It is most common in people aged 40 - 60. Men are twice as likely to develop the condition as women.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Retroperitoneal fibrosis ? ### Response: Call your health care provider if you experience lower abdomen or flank pain, particularly with decreased urine volume.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Retroperitoneal fibrosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Prognosis depends on the extent of the fibrosis and the amount of damage to the kidneys. The kidney damage may be temporary or permanent.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis ? ### Response: Affected joints of rheumatoid arthritis include the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, ankles, toes, jaw, and neck. Signs and symptoms come and go, depending on the degree of tissue inflammation. When the disease is active, the following symptoms appear. Morning stiffness in the joints Joint pain Joint swelling Rheumatoid nodules: Firm bumps of tissue under the skin on the arms. Fatigue and weakness Low fever Weight loss When heart is affected, patient may show signs of chest pain, shortness of breath or edema of lower limbs.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Rheumatoid arthritis ? ### Response: As an autoimmune disease, the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not clear.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Rheumatoid arthritis ? ### Response: Call your doctor if your symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis progress. Diseases that can present with similar symptoms are Gout Osteoarthritis

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Rheumatoid arthritis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis varies from person to person. Disease may get less aggressive over time in some patients. In other group, patients may lose their abilities of doing daily tasks. Prognosis depends on: Whether the patient shows rheumatoid nodules or not: Patients with subcutaneous nodules seem to have a more severe form of the disease. Rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibody test: Patients with positive outcomes of rheumatoid factor, the anti-CCP antibody may have a worse outlook than those who have a negative outcomes. Tha age of developing rheumatoid arthritis: If the patient develops rheumatoid arthritis at younger age, the prognosis seems poor.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the Symptoms of Takayasu's arteritis? ### Response: Symptoms may include: Arm weakness or pain with use Chest pain Dizziness / lightheadedness Fatigue Fever Joint or muscle pain Skin rash Night sweats Vision changes Weight loss Decreased radial pulses (at the wrist) Difference in blood pressure between the two arms High blood pressure (hypertension)

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What Causes Takayasu's arteritis? ### Response: The cause of Takayasu arteritis is unknown. The disease occurs mainly in children and women between the ages of 20 to 40. It is more common in people of East Asian, Indian or Mexican descent. However, it is now being seen more often in other parts of the world. Several genes that increase the chance of having this problem were recently found. Takayasu arteritis appears to be an autoimmune condition. This means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. The condition may also involve other organ systems. Takayasu arteritis has many features that are similar to giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) in older people.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Takayasu%27s arteritis ? ### Response: Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition. Weak pulse, chest pain, and breathing difficulty require immediate care.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Where to find Medical Care for Takayasu's arteritis? ### Response: Medical care for Takayasu's arteritis can be found here.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Takayasu%27s arteritis (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: This disease can be fatal without treatment. However, a combined treatment approach using medicines and surgery has lowered death rates. Adults have a better chance of survival than children.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the symptoms of Tennis elbow? ### Response: Elbow pain that gradually worsens Pain radiating from the outside of the elbow to the forearm and back of the hand when grasping or twisting Weak grasp

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What causes Tennis elbow? ### Response: The part of the muscle that attaches to a bone is called a tendon. Muscles in your forearm attach to the bone on the outside of your elbow. When you use these muscles over and over again, small tears develop in the tendon. Over time, this leads to irritation and pain where the tendon is attached to the bone.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who is at highest risk for Tennis elbow ? ### Response: This injury is common in people who play a lot of tennis or other racquet sports, hence the name "tennis elbow." Backhand is the most common stroke to cause symptoms. However, any activity that involves repetitive twisting of the wrist (like using a screwdriver) can lead to this condition. Therefore, painters, plumbers, construction workers, cooks, and butchers are all more likely to develop tennis elbow. This condition may also be due to constant computer keyboard and mouse use.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: When to seek urgent medical care when I have Tennis elbow ? ### Response: Apply home treatment (over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications and keeping the elbow still) if: Symptoms are mild You have had this disorder before and you are sure you have tennis elbow Call for an appointment with your health care provider if: This is the first time you have had these symptoms Home treatment does not relieve the symptoms

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What to expect if I have Tennis elbow (Outlook/Prognosis)? ### Response: Most people improve with nonsurgical treatment. The majority of those who do have surgery show an improvement in symptoms.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: How is an Amputation done? ### Response: Amputations are done either by surgery, or they occur by accident or trauma to the body.

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Who needs an Amputation? ### Response: Reasons for having an amputation of a lower limb are: Severe trauma to the limb that is caused by an accident Poor blood flow to the limb Infections that do not go away or become worse and cannot be controlled or healed Tumors of the lower limb Severe burns or severe frostbite Wounds that do not heal

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: Where to find centers that perform Amputation? ### Response: Directions to Hospitals Performing Amputation

Answer this question truthfully ### Question: What are the risks of Amputation? ### Response: Risks for any surgery are: Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs Breathing problems Bleeding Risks for this surgery are: A feeling that the limb is still there. This is called phantom sensation. Sometimes this feeling can be painful. That is called phantom pain. The joint closest to the part that is amputated loses its range of motion, making it hard to move. This is called joint contracture. Infection of the skin or bone. The amputation wound does not heal properly.